RAPID FOLLOW UP FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT
Flood and water logging affected areas in Satkhira and Jessore District
The Assessment was jointly conducted by members of Food Security Cluster under the leadership and coordination of World Food Programme.
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RAPID FOLLOW UP FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT
Flood and water logging affected areas in Satkhira and Jessore District, May 2012
Report prepared by WFP
Analytical write up on the KII prepared by FAO
Other key contributors from Technical Working Group in the preparation of this report: SI, OXFAM, ACF, DAE, BRAC, Action Aid
This food security assessment was jointly conducted by various members of Food Security Cluster under the leadership of World Food Programme.
June, 2012
COVERE PHOTOS
ASM TARIUR RABBY
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Table of Contents
ACRONYMS ...... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMERY ...... VII 1. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY ...... 1
1.1. CONTEXT OF THE ASSESSMENT ...... 1 1.2. OBJECTIVES ...... 1 1.3. METHODOLOGY ...... 1 1.3.1. The basic premises ...... 1 1.3.2. The process ...... 2 1.3.3. The tools ...... 3 1.4. THE METHODOLOGICAL LEARNING IN THE FIELD ...... 3 2. FOOD AVAILABILITY ...... 5
2.1. CROP SECTOR ...... 6 2.1.1. Overview ...... 6 2.1.2. The impact ...... 6 2.1.3. Production prospect of other crops...... 9 2.1.4. Assistance provided ...... 9 2.1.5. Major constraints ...... 10 2.2. LIVESTOCK SECTOR ...... 10 2.2.1. Background ...... 10 2.2.2. Damages ...... 10 2.2.3. Current situation ...... 11 2.2.4. Future prospect ...... 11 2.2.5. Assistance provided ...... 11 2.3. FISHERIES SECTOR...... 11 2.3.1. Background ...... 11 2.3.2. Damages ...... 11 2.3.3. Current situation ...... 11 2.3.4. Assistance provided ...... 12 3. FOOD ACCESSIBILITY ...... 15
3.1. LIVELIHOODS RECOVERY STATUS ...... 15 3.2. STATE OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR HOUSEHOLDS ...... 16 3.3. STATE OF CHILDREN AND FEMALE DAY LABORER ...... 18 3.4. ALTERNATE LIVELIHOODS FOR LABORERS AND MARGINAL FARMERS ...... 19 3.5. PRICE OF BASIC STAPLES ...... 19 3.6. EXPENDITURE IN VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS ...... 20 4. FOOD CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION ...... 21
4.1. FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITION ...... 22 4.2. DIET DIVERSITY AND FREQUENCY ...... 22 4.3. INTRA HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION ...... 23 4.4. WATER AND SANITATION ...... 24 4.4.1. Source of water ...... 24 4.4.2. Time to fetch water ...... 24 4.4.3. Defecation point and feces disposal practice of the communities ...... 25
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4.4.4. WaSH priorities ...... 25 4.4.5. Prevalence of gut parasites ...... 26 4.4.6. Symptom/result of under nutrition ...... 26 4.4.7. Common diseases ...... 26 5. COPING STRATEGIES, PRIORITIES AND NEEDS ...... 28
5.1. COPING STRATEGIES ...... 28 5.2. PRIORITY NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY ...... 29 5.3. POPULATION AND AREAS IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE ...... 30 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 35
6.1. INTERVENTIONS PROPOSED BY THE CURRENT ASSESSMENTS: ...... 36 6.1.1. Short to medium term: ...... 36 6.1.2. Medium to long term interventions...... 37 ANNEX 1- LIST OF PARTICIPATED AGENCIES AND STAFF ...... 42
AGENCIES PARTICIPATED IN THE PRIMARY FIELDWORK ...... 42 ANNEX 2- RESPONSES OF KIIS ...... 46
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW- AGRICULTURE ...... 46 RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS- FISHERIES ...... 49 FACTSHEETS ON REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES BY AGENCIES ...... 61
Table 1 Status of Boro, Aman and other crops in the study areas ...... 7 Table 2 Average cost benefit analysis for Boro paddy reported by the marginal farmers ...... 8 Table 3Reporting from Key Informant interviewees on different areas on fisheries ...... 13 Table 4 Change in agricultural wage labor holdings ...... 16 Table 5 Terms of Trade (ToT) in terms of rice purchasing capacity ...... 18 Table 6 Area identification criteria matrices ...... 30 Table 7 Population in need of external assistance in the selected area ...... 33
Graph 1 Community perception on last Boro production ...... 7 Graph 2 Perception on Potato potential ...... 8 Graph 3 Turmeric potential ...... 8 Graph 4 Potential of different vegetables in the affected area ...... 9 Graph 5 Source of money for the planned crops...... 10 Graph 6 Major constraints to plant upcoming crops ...... 10 Graph 7 Shrimp/fish outlook ...... 11 Graph 8 Status of major livelihoods ...... 16 Graph 9 Key constraints in reviving livelihoods ...... 17 Graph 10 Time required for full recovery of the livelihoods ...... 17 Graph 12 Sector-wise employment by women ...... 18 Graph 11 Sector-wise employment by Children ...... 18 Graph 13 Alternative sources of livelihoods ...... 19 Graph 14 Price trend of basic staples ...... 20 Graph 15 Major expenditure sectors of vulnerable HHs ...... 20
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Graph 16 Food Consumption Score ...... 22 Graph 17 Diet diversity ...... 22 Graph 18 Rice consumption change per households and per person ...... 23 Graph 19 Intra-household meal frequency ...... 23 Graph 20 Source of water in the households ...... 24 Graph 21 Children’s' feces disposal practice ...... 24 Graph 22 Defecation point access trend ...... 25 Graph 23 WaSH priorities of male and female ...... 25 Graph 24 Symptom and/ or result of under-nutrition ...... 26 Graph 25 Prevalence of diseases among adults and children ...... 26 Graph 26 Coping strategies adopted by the households...... 28 Graph 27 Short, Medium and Long term priority needs of the vulnerable groups ...... 29 Graph 28 Community preferred interventions ...... 36
Figure 1 Tools and techniques ...... 2 Figure 2 Map of the most priority area ...... 34
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Acronyms
Acronym Elaboration
ACF Action Contre la Faim Bangladesh CFT Cash for Training CFW Cash for Work CSI Coping Strategy Index DAE Department of Agricultural Extension DLS Department of Livestock DoF Department of Fisheries FAO The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FCS Food Consumption Score FGD Focused Group Discussion FSC Food Security Cluster IGA Income Generating Activities KII Key Informants Interview JNA Joint Needs Assessment MFI Micro Finance Institutions RMS Rapid Market Survey SI Solidarites International ToT Terms of Trade TWG Technical Working Group WFP The United Nations World Food Programme UDMC Union Disaster Management Committee UN The United Nations UzDMC Upazila Disaster Management Committee WaSH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
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Executive Summery
1. The current assessment follows the two previous assessments conducted in the rainfall induced waterlogged areas of Satkhira and Jessore in August and December 2011. While relief type of assistance was triggered by immediate post disaster assessment in August 2011, the post Aman harvest assessment in December 2011 recommended for livelihood recovery through employment generation interventions like cash for work till the Boro harvest. Following a good Boro harvest in May 2012 throughout the country another needs assessment was planned to assess the recovery levels of the vulnerable communities and their needs. This time the assessment was conducted jointly by the members of Food Security Cluster. 2. The rehabilitation activities along with a moderate Boro paddy harvest contributed much to the improvement of livelihoods and food security of the vulnerable households. However, a large part of the income from all major sources has already been spent on food, shelter, medicine and loan repayment. Under such circumstances exposure to vulnerability especially for the poor population is not yet over. On top of the upcoming income constraints there is the risk of recurrent flood in the current monsoon due to clogged drains and rivers. The major objective of the current assessment was to understand the current and upcoming food security and livelihood situation in the affected areas and to find out the number of people still in need external assistance if there are any. 3. The current assessment has jointly been done by the members of the Food Security Cluster under the leadership and coordination of WFP. A total of 14 organizations took the responsibility of conducting primary fieldwork in 14 Unions of 6 Upazila of Satkhira and Jessore Districts. The tools used for this assessment were focus group discussions, key informant interview, interview with local representatives and market survey. This is perhaps first assessment ever carried out by a cluster and potentially can lead to a better coordination system of humanitarian response. This post-harvest rapid assessment has also been conducted to understand the current food security situation as well as to identify whether there are communities who need external assistance. Major findings on food availability:
4. During the flood in 2011 when farmers were fully or partially affected for Aus rice production the T. Aman was their post flood crop before starting Boro rice production. Although overall 22.27 percent T. Aman producing lands were damaged, the farmers managed to harvest the Aman rice where the scenario varied in different Upazilas which ranged from 60-100 percent of a normal production. 5. In the current year the despite the good Boro yield per hectare, the farmers could not produce Boro to its full potential. Around 40 percent of the focus groups reported that their production was less than 50 percent of a normal production. On top of the reduced production the low selling price of Boro is going to constrain the marginal farmers from making a substantial investment in the upcoming transplantation of Aman. Based on cost benefit analysis it was estimated that marginal Boro farmers can earn around Taka 4500 from selling their produce, not at all sufficient to make next investment. Only option remains with them is loan at high interest from the MFIs or the local money lenders.
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6. After boro harvest the major labor requirement comes from shrimp ghers and Aman transplantation. In recent times shrimp production has reduced due to spread of disease and capital crisis induced by the prolonged water logging, thus constraining alternate income opportunities. Farmers anticipate good Aman harvest given that there will be no flood in the area which is unlikely. However, over 40 percent of the FGDs reported that they are not predominantly Aman producing areas therefore the coming Aman season is not going to provide sufficient jobs . Moreover Aman plantation is not a labour intensive activity like Boro. 7. Prospect of summer vegetable is yet to become normal. Local level production may impact availability as well as the prices and consequently the consumption. 8. Livestock and poultry sector has not recovered from the damage done by the flood hence the usual year round return from small scale poultry farming is not there. 9. The shock of flood has devastated the gher farming as the owners and farmers had to bear a heavy cost. Many remained indebted and disease outbreak in bagda farming further exacerbating the situation. Generally, across all subsectors of agriculture there is a strong sense of uncertainty as the major rivers were not dredged and had experienced a high level of siltation. Findings on access to food
10. Generally all the major livelihoods are moving towards recovery though fish farmers and laborers claimed that their recovery has not been very satisfactory. 11. Since this has been a post Boro harvest assessment people had sufficient money in their hand but they were also fearing of the coming lean season especially the areas where Aman is not produced substantially (43% communities). 12. Expenditure on food followed by repayment of loan, shelter repair and medicine has been reported to be the major expenditure sectors. Over the past months women and children also contributed to the household income which is not a normal scenario. Over 71 percent of the FGDs reported that they have sent their children to work in brick field, agricultural field and rickshaw van pulling. However, wage of children and women in agricultural field remained extremely low compared to that of male adults, children received over 60 percent less and female received 30 percent less than the male wages. 13. Boro price shock has left the marginal farmer with no additional money to invest for the upcoming crops. However, agricultural day laborers who are net buyers of the rice have been benefitting from this low rice price and currently the terms of trade in terms of rice almost similar to pre flood time which is around 6.3 kg. However, this is a seasonal scenario. Usually in the coming months the agricultural wage rates will drop despite the Aman planting season (Aman wage are less than Boro wage) and the rice price will go up 14. There are pocket areas where T. Aman is not cultivated as these are predominantly gher areas. Despite this, Aman planting is not a labor intensive production therefore does not provide extensive livelihood opportunities. 15. In general, both marginal farmer and wage labor households are in a vulnerable situation as the major rivers have not been dredged and excessive rainfall in the monsoon will again create water logging.
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Findings on food consumption and utilization
16. Seven percent of the FGDs reported to have poor food consumption score (FCS) even after the post-harvest period. In August the rate was 10 percent and in December no communities were detected with poor food consumption mainly due to food assistance programmes and availability of fish in the open water. At present 57% of the FGDs responded that they belong to the borderline category which was only 38% in December and 18% in August. 17. General improvement of dietary diversity in terms of rice, milk and milk product, and pulses and meal frequency in terms of rice consumption bears a signature mark of a post-harvest assessment. However, due to high prices of protein, especially fish the overall FCS has deteriorated due to lack of protein consumption. 18. There is an improvement in meal frequency across all age groups compared to that of August 2011. However, concerns remain over significant reduction of meal frequency of the pregnant and lactating mother and under five children comparing the last December. 19. Consumption of rice has increased significantly and currently per person consumption is over 2.5 kg which was less than 2 kg in December. In August 2011 the rice consumption was reported to be 2.4 Kg. The Agricultural wage laborers who are the net buyers of rice are spending 94 percent of their income after rice. As the price of basic staple declined the prices of other basic food commodities shot up like oil, pulse and potato affecting the quality and quantity of the food basket. 20. Much recovery has been made in terms of access to safe drinking water. However, there are significant portion of areas where it takes more than one hour to fetch water. 21. Improvement in using sanitary latrine has been reported. However, open defecation and unsafe children’s feces disposal practice has remained as a critical health threat to the overall wellbeing of the communities. Immediate attention is required. 22. Prevalence of gut parasites and water borne disease has remained very high. Status of worm infection also a very high threat to utilization of food by different age groups.
Coping strategies
23. Coping strategies adopted by the households followed a common trend which can be categorized as ‘mid-level severe’ indicators. Only in a few cases the adaptive strategies compromised household asset hence also have chance to rapture the future livelihood security. Average coping strategy index (CSI) severity score of the vulnerable households have been found out to be 26.2 which is more than the commonly found score indicating more vulnerable status of the households in affected area. 24. As the vulnerable households have become chronically indebted due to un-suitable payback time and interest rate as well as return on investment in the commonly found sectors is not enough, hence the key priorities came around the issue of assistance either in terms of grant for different agricultural and non-agricultural livelihoods related investment. However, as people of the communities are well aware on the upcoming lean season so they also prioritized food assistance as their key medium term (from next 2 to 6 months) priority. Priority areas and population in need 25. Based on 3 specific indicators priority area has been identified. These are percentage of population affected, last Boro status and potential of Aman paddy. Elected representatives of
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the people (Union Parishad and Upazila Parishad) and officials of various technical departments of the government reached consensus at Upazila level on these indicators. Based on these indicators 16 Unions of 5 Upazilas in Satkhira and Jessore districts have been identified. These selected areas have no and limited potential for Aman, had a negligible amount of Boro production and a large percentage of the population was affected. 26. The population in need in these 16 priority unions was estimated based on following method.
Number of marginal farmers in need of agricultural assistance was estimated. Number of highly food insecure vulnerable households without any agricultural land and regular income were estimated for livelihood support. Number of children under five and PLWs in these marginal farm and vulnerable households were estimated for nutrition support.
In total 16,500 households have been identified in need of external assistance in the 16 priority unions of which 8500 are marginal farmers who need support to recover their livelihoods and 8000 are chronically food insecure households with no regular employment. Out of these total 16,500 households 2500 children under five and PLWs should be assisted with integrated mother and child nutrition programme. Response Strategies: 27. Followings are the short term measures proposed based on the above situation
Beneficiaries Beneficiaries Duration Assistance details Type No. Cash grant for Small and 8500 Hhs Lean -Cash grant of BDT 3500 (one time farming Marginal season- distribution) Farmers August to - Technical support from DAE November
Cash & food for Vulnerable Hh: 8000 Hhs Lean Training on IGA Food package: training on IGA - Female season- (poultry and preferably with pulse, (It can be cash headed HHs August to homestead oil, sugar etc. (rice for training, food with limited November gardening), excluded) Distribution: for training or employment DRR, bi monthly (to reduce cash and food opportunities; WASH/Hygiene operational costs), one for training) - HHs with in 4 sessions. distribution must be disabled heads Per session before Eid and elderlies training Period: beginning of &limited remuneration August and beginning employment; appox. Taka of October -Day laborers 750/= with no agricultural lands etc. Integrated Children under No. children Lean Wheat soya maternal & child 5 & PLWs from U 5=2030 season- blend (WSB) & feeding the 16,500 No. PLWs = August to Nutrition vulnerable 430 November training
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Beneficiaries Beneficiaries Duration Assistance details Type No. households to be assisted
28. Medium to long term interventions
Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration. Piloting the suitability of community enterprise approach (“Daudkandi model”) for community-based floodplain fisheries management in water-logged areas. Expansion and productivity enhancement of Boro rice through technological support Expansion of high-value field crops in the rabi season. Development opportunities of horticulture and agro-forestry. Cash grant and training on non-farm activities of women and adult male. Cage culture. Dredging of rivers and canals.
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CHAPTER 1
1. Introduction and Methodology
1.1. Context of the Assessment In August 2011 heavy localized rainfall in the southern parts of the country namely Satkhira, Jessore and Khulna resulted in prolonged water logging which had negatively impacted the food security and livelihoods of the local people. Following the rainfall induced water logging in August 2011, WFP, FAO and international and national NGOs conducted several assessments in the worst affected Upazilas of Satkhira and Jessore. This resulted in assistance programmes funded by ECHO for the affected population which continued till November/December the Aman harvest period. In December a post Aman harvest follow up survey was carried out by the similar agencies. The assessment in December by WFP and FAO highlighted critical situation in restoration of livelihoods and assets due to crop loss and reduced agricultural production, high debt and limited job opportunity for the forthcoming lean season till the Boro harvest in May 2012. The report recommended for food and cash transfer through public works and nutritional interventions. ECHO funded the livelihood restoration and nutrition interventions which were implemented by WFP, international and national NGOs in the worst affected Upazilas of Satkhira and Jessore till May 2012. Following a good Boro harvest in May throughout the country, another needs assessment was planned, this time jointly by the members of Food Cluster. This joint needs assessment (JNA) has features unlike other JNA as this is perhaps the first ever study done by a cluster where different agencies participated in primary fieldwork. The methodology, tools and checklists were prepared jointly by the Technical Working Group (TWG) of Food Security Cluster (FSC) under the overall coordination of World Food Programme (WFP). Previously conducted JNAs were very rich in information but this time the study has a solid platform from where unique message can be conveyed to the policy planners, people’s representatives and various development partners. 1.2. Objectives There were 2 key objectives of this assessment;
1. Understand the current food security and livelihood situation in the affected areas. 2. Find out the number of people still in need of external assistance (if there are any). 1.3. Methodology
1.3.1. The basic premises The study methodology was developed based on the following premises;
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It will be a ‘rapid’ assessment following the assessments done in August and December 2011. Essentially the assessment tools will be qualitative and participatory. Area selection will be done randomly based on the flood situation in December 2011 and May 2012. Selected areas should represent areas that are still either moderately or severely affected.
1.3.2. The process It should be noted that it was a joint assessment where agencies of UN, national and international NGOs participated. WFP coordinated with the members of TWG to roll out the detail plan and methods. Later, a broader level participation from the FSC was sought and all these were done through a number of cluster as well as TWG level meetings.
The study was led by WFP with key responsibilities of coordination, production of tools, initial planning, data management, analysis and reporting. Based on the above premises, tools were initially developed by WFP and then circulated among the TWG Members of FSC. After collating and full considerations of each and every comment a set of final tools were prepared. It should be noted that while producing the initial tools, WFP considered the tools it used for a follow up assessment as well as the tools of last JNA by international and national NGOs which were both held in December 2011. A call for participation was made to the FSC members and various consortium and organizations working in the affected area responded with full team for a specific site; either a Union or 2 Unions of an Upazila. A total of 14 organizations took the responsibility of conducting primary fieldwork in 14 Unions of 6 Upazila of Satkhira and Jessore Districts. FAO in collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) conducted Key Informant Interviews (KII) with agriculture, livestock and fisheries officer along with the water development boards at local level. WFP organized a 2 day training for the all the teams of different agencies. A total of 52 participants had gone through detail discussion on each tool. At the end of the training, a mock FGD was also practiced by the teams to understand each and every section of FGD checklists.
Figure 1 Tools and techniques Tools
7 Consultation 28 FGDs 7 RMS 7 KII Meeting
Vulnerable Female Group UzDMC and Growth Centers Upazila Officials Group (14) (14) UDMC members
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1.3.3. The tools Due to rapid nature of the assessment selective qualitative and participatory tools were adopted. The tools (See Annex 1) are as follows; o Focused Group Discussions . Vulnerable group FGDs: A total of 14 FGDs of vulnerable groups-one in each of the 14 selected Unions- were conducted. The participants (both male and female) of these FGDs were mostly day laborers, marginal farmers and other labor wage dependent people. It should be noted that the key criteria for participant selection was that the participant may or may not have received any assistance from any agencies. Key subjects of this FGD were livelihoods, agriculture, food consumption, WaSH, priorities and needs etc. . Female group FGDs: 14 FGDs of female groups were carried out in each of the selected Unions. The key criteria of participant selection were at least 50% of the participants had to have children under 2 years of age. Key issues of this FGD were food consumption pattern, dietary diversity, livelihoods of women and children, WaSH, general health and nutrition, priorities and needs. o Consultation meeting: These meetings were held at each randomly selected Upazila headquarter where members of Upazila Disaster Management Committee (UzDMC) and Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC) participated. This tool was designed to have a broader consensus at local level on the level of impact at Union level. o Rapid market survey (RMS): This rapid survey was done at Upazila sadar market or in the nearest growth centers. The aim of this survey was to understand the price level of different staple food along with general situation of the physical market. o Key Informant Interviews: KIIs were carried out in all 7 Upazilas with the government officers (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, water development board). 1.4. The methodological learning in the field While doing the fieldwork the field team encountered a few issues with the checklists as well as the implementation of particular tools. All the learning of the fieldwork can be summarized as follows;
Field practice was required for the enumerators: Relative ‘discomfort’ on certain issues of the checklist was observed among the FGD facilitators during the fieldwork. This may have originated because of the lack of practice that usually is included in the training program for enumerators. Initially it was thought that mock practice will suffice this need. However, as enumerators came from various backgrounds, some had comparative advantages on some sections while others may have had challenges in facilitation. For any future assessment field practice after the training should be made mandatory so that the enumerators can facilitate the FGDs more comfortably without reading each and every word in the checklists. Group formation and relative representation of the communities: It should be noted that apart from basic selection criteria of the participant of FGD, it was mentioned that the group should be organized in such a way that represent the overall community i.e. vulnerable group FGDs should not only include the day laborers rather be composed of representations of various wage based livelihoods. Detailing about group formation system should be further emphasized from next such assessments so that agencies consider that the FGD participants
Page | 3 should not only be taken from their existing beneficiaries rather from a premise that appropriately represents the group that is sought for. Checklists required more contextualization: Even though the checklist of each tool has gone through reviews among the TWG members, while applying at the field a few limitations were found. The livelihoods section required more review and contextualization. On the other hand, some key information could have been added to understand the depth of vulnerability of the people. More preparatory work for UzDMC and UDMC consultation meeting is required: Based on the premise that this is a ‘rapid’ assessment this joint/mixed group meeting were decided so that the representatives of different unions can have a common platform to discuss the status of each Unions affected by the flood and water logging. Union-wise UDMC meetings are not suitable for a rapid assessment as this require more time. As all these meetings been organized within a short notice all the chairmen of Unions, who usually have busy work schedule, could not attend the meeting. However, it was made sure that at least the representatives of the affected Unions were present in the meeting. Preparedness of the FSC to conduct such assessment: One of the core propositions that can be made based on the learning from the current assessment is that the FSC should prepare a ‘questionnaire/checklist bank’ including field manual for different tools. This ‘bank’ can be used whenever required for the following assessments; o Immediately after disaster (within 2/3 days): A sample question bank on emergency humanitarian needs should be prepared that can be conducted with minimum training of the data collector. o 1st Rapid Food Security Assessment (within 1 month): Within 1 month a rapid food security assessment should be done considering the dimensions of food security. A questionnaire/checklist bank should be prepared considering different seasonality aspects of livelihoods, agriculture etc. o 2nd Follow-up Rapid Food Security Assessment (within 6 month): This follow up assessment should be essentially a tracking study of the 1st assessment considering the key food security indicators. However, seasonality aspects should be clearly and rigorously reviewed prior embarking on this assessment. o 3rd Follow-up Rapid Food Security Assessment (1 year): This is once again a tracking study of the 1st and 2nd assessment. However as the seasons of livelihoods and agriculture changes so another review of the checklists should be made.
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CHAPTER 2 2. Food Availability
Key findings:
1. During the flood in 2011 when farmers were fully or partially affected by damaged Aus rice production Transplanted Aman (T. Aman) was their post flood crop before starting Boro rice production. Although overall 22.27 percent T. Aman producing lands were damaged, the farmers managed to harvest the Aman rice. Scenario varied in different Upazilas ranging from 60-100 percent of a normal production. 2. In the current year, despite the good Boro yield per hectare, the farmers could not produce Boro to its full potential. Around 40 percent of the focus groups reported that their production was less than 50 percent of a normal production. On top of the reduced production the low selling price of Boro may constrain the marginal farmers from making a substantial investment in the upcoming transplantation of Aman. Based on cost benefit analysis it is estimated that marginal Boro farmers can earn around Taka 4500 from selling their produce which is not at all sufficient to make next investment. Only option remaining with them is a taking loan from the MFIs or the money lenders. 3. After Boro harvest the major labor requirement comes from shrimp ghers (shrimp farms) and Aman transplantation. In recent times shrimp production has reduced due to spread of disease and capital crisis induced by the prolonged water logging thus constraining alternate income opportunities. Farmers anticipate good Aman harvest given that there will be no flood in the area. However, over 40 percent of the FGDs reported that the cultivation areas are not predominantly Aman producing areas. Therefore the coming Aman season is not going to provide sufficient jobs. Moreover Aman plantation is not a labor intensive activity like Boro. 4. Prospect of summer vegetable is yet to become normal. Local level production may impact availability as well as the prices and consequently the consumption. 5. Livestock and poultry sector has not recovered from the damage done by the flood hence the usual year round return from small scale farming is not available. 6. The shock of flood has devastated the gher farming as the owners and farmers had to bear a heavy cost. Many remained indebted and disease outbreak in bagda (a kind of shrimp) farming further exacerbated the situation. Generally, across all subsectors of agriculture there is a strong sense of uncertainty as the major rivers were not dredged and experienced a high level of siltation.
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2.1. Crop Sector
2.1.1. Overview The flood affected areas predominantly produces Aman and Boro rice. Moreover, the spatial dynamics of the affected area is very diverse in terms of agricultural production if we consider agriculture as a broad and integrated sector consisting crop, fisheries, livestock and forest. It should be noted that Upazila level aggregate statistics may not necessarily represent the situation of the most affected area1 i.e. Union or Wards of Unions where the FGDs were conducted. The major rice crops in Satkhira are the rain fed T. Aman (60%) followed by the winter rice Boro (35%) and T. Aus (5%)2. Based on the agricultural reporting from 2003 Aman was the most dominant crop in Satkhira and Jessore region. Over the time the expansion of shrimp farms in the south has occupied many Aman lands thus reducing the net Aman production area. In the recent FGDs, 43% of the FGDs claimed that their areas are not predominantly Aman producing area.
During the flood in August 2011, the majority of the agricultural lands in the affected Upazilas and Unions either had Aus crop in the field to be harvested in August-September or just planted Aman seed beds. The rainfall induced flood and water logging submerged the agricultural fields with 4 to 6 feet of water for over 20 days, which was sufficient enough to damage the standing Aus crops as well as the Aman seed beds and some percentage of just transplanted Aman crop. Usually Satkhira district is surplus vegetable producing district. During this time of the year the majority of the households produce summer vegetables in the homestead gardens. However, all the homestead vegetables are damaged due to the deep and prolonged flooding/water logging.
2.1.2. The impact The main standing crops affected by water logging/flooding were T. Aman seed bed, T. Aman (a large portion of which was planted), Transplanted Aus (at harvesting stage) locally called Block 2,chili, betel leaf, vegetables and other minor crops. The full extent of damage to crops was not officially established, whereas situation in Khulna Division especially in Satkhira district showed slow sign of improvement but causing widespread damage as reported by the respective agriculture departments of GOB. In 7 Upazilas of Satkhira district heavy rainfall induced water logging affected 17,465 hectare of transplanted Aman (T. Aman), 3890 hectare of transplanted Aus (T. Aus) and 1679 hectare of vegetables.
1 Aggregate Upazila level statistics have been collected from each of the selected study Upazila’s relevant government office. On the other hand, community level perceptive information has been collected from FGDs conducted in the most affected Unions or the ward of Unions. Hence, it is likely that while a particular ward of a Union may suggest that there were no e.g. Aman crop, but at Upazila level we may find that the aggregate production is same or even may have increased. 2 The crop production estimates in Satkhira are compiled from agricultural production time series data by districts published by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).
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Table 1 Status of Boro, Aman and other crops in the study areas
Upazila Area Crop damage; Number Aman Current Future production inundated Total area of production Boro prospect of Aman, summer (ha)* and last T. farmers (mt-clean production vegetables and local cash Aman (ha) affected rice) (mt- clean crops (ha) rice)
Asasuni 2,905 Total-1805, T. 3,360 23,963 22,955 T.Aman-9330, Vegetables- Aman- 1760 548,Mustard-220,Potato-95
Debhata 3,035 Total- 1388, T. 8,360 14,659 25,370 T.Aman-5350,Vegetables- Aman- 1225 500.Mustard-1250,Potato- 275 Tala 6,300 Total- 4848, T. 54,100 21,895 64,075 T.Aman-8340,Vegetables- Aman- 2000 1110,Pusle- 530,Mustard,340,Wheat- 180,Potatao-450 Satkhira 5,800 Total- 4400, T. 29,352 51,450 67,000 T.aman-18000,Vegetables- S. Aman- 3200 2480,Pusle-585,Mustard- 2900,Wheat-460,Potatao- 800 Keshabp 3,500 Total- 2476 18,530 22,516 64,112 T. Aman 9373,Vegetable- ur T. Aman- 1516 560,Wheat-360,Potato- 320,Chilli-255,Onion- 250,Pulse-550 Moniramp 3,200 Total= 2145 18,850 63,539 133,278 T.Aman25500,Vegetables- ur T. Aman= 3135,Mustard-1310,Pulse- 1680 1425,Potato-300,Oil-Seed- 350 * Area inundated information only gives an estimate of crop land inundated not the actual land area. In case of the affected Unions, the focus Graph 1 Community perception on last Boro production groups reported that the last T. Aman Boro Status production in November/December 2011 was much less than normal 25% of normal production due to damage of seed beds. production During the flood when farmers were 7% fully or partially affected by damaged 26-50% of 29% Aus production, the T. Aman was their 21% normal post flood crop before cultivating Boro. production Although overall 22.27 percent T. Aman 51-75% of normal producing lands were damaged, the production farmers harvested the T. Aman where 43% the scenario varied in different Upazilas More than 75% of normal ranging from 60-100%. Based on the production production trend, T. Aman rice production (clean rice) ranged from 2.6 to 2.9 MT/ha.
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In case of Boro paddy communities reported that on average the yield per acre was quite good. However, all the cultivable lands could not be brought under Boro production which has brought down the total production to some extent. Thirty percent of the FGDs response shows that they had less than 50 percent of a normal Boro harvest, whereas for majority the Boro production was 50 to 75 percent of a normal production. On top of the low yield of Boro, the farmers did not receive a fair price for the crop, which was the case for the Boro farmers throughout the country. Combining both yield and price shows a marked reduction of net profit for a farmer. This reduced profit is very likely to have an impact on investment capacity for the planting of upcoming Aus and Aman crops. A cost return estimate based on the information on average agricultural input cost and net selling price per/maund (40kg) of rice during the time of field work suggests that on an average a Boro cultivator is likely to have a profit of 4,557tk/acre if he sells the harvested paddy during the peak time. Considering the net land owned by a marginal farmer not exceeding 1.5 acres, the profit is extremely insufficient. Marginal farmers usually access loan from various sources to meet the expenses of Boro cultivation and due to this reason an initial push factor to sell the harvest persists everywhere. The limited profit will push the marginal farmers to access loans again at high interest rate for the upcoming crops and this vicious cycle of loan and its repayment is likely to have an effect on food expenditure.
Table 2 Average cost benefit analysis for Boro paddy reported by the marginal farmers
(
(Tk.)
(Tk.)
Seed Seed Fertilizer Tk.) Pesticide (Tk.) + Tillage Irrigation (Tk.) Labor (Tk.) Harvestin (cutting, g threshing &transpo rtation) (Tk.) Yield maund/a cre price sell 2 (last of week May) / Gain Loss
1393 6374 1759 7910 5432 6171 59 574 4577
Besides paddy production, cash crops like turmeric and potato did not seem to be promising enough. Fifty percent of the FGDs reported not producing the cash crops whereas 15 to 20 percent were expecting a normal production and for the remaining 20 percent the production was moderate to poor.
Turmeric Potato Not Potato Not turmeric producing area 14% producing area Planting not Planting not possible 7% 22% possible Limited quantity 50% Limited quantity 14% 7% Moderate Moderate 7% 57% 15% Normal 7% Normal
Graph 3 Turmeric potential Graph 2 Perception on Potato potential
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2.1.3. Production prospect of other crops. The communities are dubious about going for a full-fledged production of summer vegetables and Aman production due to limited investment capacity and in anticipation of another crop loss. Despite this concern communities do not have any other alternatives as agriculture is their main livelihood. Among other crops 29 percent of the communities reported that they would produce some pulse and oil seeds. As mentioned earlier Aus is a very minor crop in this area and only 7 percent FGDs suggested that there is a potential to have a moderate cultivation of Aus. For potato and turmeric the farmers reported that amount of land to be cultivated as compared to a normal season might be 35 percent.
Vegetable potential 60
50
40
30
20
% of areas likely likely ofareas % produce 10
0 Indian Red Brinjal Cabbage Okra Spinach Stem Yard long Pointed Country Spinach Amaranth Amaranth bean gourd Bean
Graph 4 Potential of different vegetables in the affected area
All the following vegetables were reported to have prospect ranging from limited quantity to normal production. Notably most of these are summer vegetables which do not have much prospect. Notably, the vegetables which are regarded as high value crops i.e. brinjal, okra etc. have limited area coverage. Usually, commercial high value vegetable crop production requires significant level of wage labor. Cash crop production also depends on the suitability of land, farmer’s enthusiasm and motivation, financial ability, local demand, cost benefit ratio of the product and existing marketing facilities. As the area coverage for the forthcoming crop production has been reported to be very low this might negatively impact the market for the daily agricultural laborers. Moreover, limited summer vegetable production may also influence the dietary diversity of the people in the area which will be discussed in the food consumption chapter.
2.1.4. Assistance provided No assistance is provided either from government or donors or NGOs (international and national) to the affected crop farmers for agricultural production. 7419 farmers out of 132,552 affected farmers in the studied Upazilas were supported for Aus, Aman or Nerika paddy production by the DAE. The support package usually consisted of seed and fertilizer.
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2.1.5. Major constraints Limited resources to invest in agriculture followed by risk of flood in the coming monsoon were identified as the major two constraints in the FGDs. Fifty percent of the communities suggested that money is their main problem for the upcoming crop production. In response to the various sources on investment over 80 percent of the respondent groups were likely to have loans from micro- finance institutions and money lenders. This raises the question on the viability on the investment and as very often the return on investment may be spent on repaying back the interest of the loan.
Graph 5 Source of money for the planned crops
Major reasons if unable to plant Source of money for planned crops major crops Do not have sufficient money to 8% 17% purchase inputs Flood risk 15% MFI 50% Money lender 33% Swith to gher Own saving 77%
Graph 6 Major constraints to plant upcoming crops
2.2. Livestock Sector
2.2.1. Background One of the coping strategies that households followed was selling of poultry and livestock (animal assets) at a lower price. Feed and shelter for the livestock became extremely challenging for marginal households and damage done by the flood has not yet been recovered. Twenty one percent of the focus groups reported that they have partly recovered their livestock and the rest have not recovered at all. As livestock subsector often contributes in regular income for the marginal households the situation has worsened the monetary flow for these households. It should be noted that the local chicken and duck farming is based on indigenous techniques i.e. usually on scavenging basis with no or very less disease control measures. Insufficient measures for controlling diseases, high livestock and poultry feed price, lack of training and marketing facilities supplies and services are the main constraints to move forward.
2.2.2. Damages Satkhira district under Khulna Division was the most affected by losses (around 142,800 heads of chickens, 4381 heads of ducks, 62800 heads of cows, 58500 goats, 1280 sheep, 180 buffalos) due to water logging as reported by the Department of Livestock Services (DLS). This excludes the value of the affected animal sheds and other available feeds. The infrastructural losses were estimated around Tk. 21.7 million. Moreover, the figures could increase as the livestock’s are now more susceptible to diseases due to various stress and lack of feed.
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2.2.3. Current situation The economic losses of the farmers were high as they were forced to sell their livestock and poultry stocks in low price. Most farmers could not start restocking of livestock and poultry which needed cash. They were expecting cash from future crop sale, asset sale or land lease or borrowing money from local sources (bank or NGOs or private). They farmers, specially the landless, marginal and small farmers who lost crops in addition to livestock, poultry and fisheries need support for recovery.
2.2.4. Future prospect The livestock sub-sector offers considerable employment opportunities in Satkhira as elsewhere in the country, particularly for the rural poor. Small-scale livestock rearing provided self-employment to some 3 million rural women between 1993 and 20023. Post-flood rehabilitation programme needs to be undertaken to support this livestock sub-sector providing inputs, infrastructure materials and loans on low/soft interest. There is promising possibility of raising livestock and poultry in affected Upazilas of Satkhira compared to crop production which are mostly affected due to salinity in land..
2.2.5. Assistance provided No assistance from the DLS except advisory services was provided. In some of the Upazilas they provided vaccines and the medicines. No supports from NGOs or donors were noticed.
2.3. Fisheries sector
2.3.1. Background In coastal areas of Satkhira, fisheries and aquaculture represent the main livelihoods. A sizable percentage of rural/costal population is directly or indirectly involved in fisheries. With prevalence of brackish water facilitates, the aquaculture sector (shrimp cultivation mainly) represents major livelihood opportunity in the area where the annual pattern is shrimp-fallow-Boro. As mentioned earlier almost 43% of the communities in the studied area reported that they do not produce Aman as those are dedicated shrimp area. Shrimp/fish ghers generate a significant demand of labor especially in the preparatory phases i.e. earth works, liming and lining, etc. Places which are shrimp area and have a poor outlook in this year are in a highly vulnerable situation for the poorer wage labor households. Shrimp/fish outlook Not shrimp/fish 2.3.2. Damages area The main damages of water logging occurred Production not to fish pond and shrimp ghers in Satkhira 7% possible district. In fisheries sector carp ponds and 29% 20% of normal ghers of shrimp were inundated. The 21% production Department of Fisheries (DoF) of Satkhira 20-50% of normal estimated that the financial loss due to 7% production inundation stands at Tk. 3014.717 million, 36% More than 50% of affecting around 27,967 fishers and fishermen. normal production 2.3.3. Current situation During the primary fieldwork, it was observed Graph 7 Shrimp/fish outlook that the gher farmers are preparing the field
3Danida, 2002 Report
Page | 11 for the rainy season which creates employment for the wage laborer. However, along with the community people, local fisheries officer of all the study areas mentioned that there is an outbreak of diseases in bagda shrimp ghers and this may aggravate the situation. Community perception suggests that only 7% of the areas probably will experience a normal production and other shrimp growing areas are likely to have a moderate or limited production. It was also reported that the last flood has left a huge number of gher owners in debt and as the rivers have not been dredged so there is an uncertainty about making further investment which may wash away if there is slightly more rain than usual.
2.3.4. Assistance provided No assistance from the DoF except advisory services has been provided. No support from NGOs or donors was noticed.
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Table 3Reporting from Key Informant interviewees on different areas on fisheries
Key Informants Is there any recent outbreak of Availability and access to Any assistance provided to the Name unions worst affected in disease in case of aquaculture or fisheries feed and medicines gher and fish pond owners by terms of damage to fishery in ghers your Department Mr. Md. Mostafizur For carp and golda culture, no Feed are generally not used in Only a damage report was Kulla, Dorgapur, Kadakhali, Rahman, Assistant incidence of disease has been fish and shrimp culture. As such submitted to the Department Sapnali, Budhata- severely Fisheries Officer, Asasuni reported but for bagda culture feeds are not available locally but but no assistance was provided. affected and Assasuni is partly Upazila, Satkhira prevalence of white spot disease if required they can have it either affected. is about only 20%. The main from Khulna or from Jessore. reason of bagda mortality was Medicines are not available due to the imbalance of because these are not used. physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water because water levels of the ghers are very low. Mr. Md. Badruzzaman, No disease for carp and fin fishes Feeds are generally not used in Only a damage report was Kulia, Parulia and Noapara are Upazila Fisheries Officer, but shrimp mortality happened. fish and shrimp culture. As such submitted to the Department severly affected whereas Debhata Upazila, Satkhira Prevalence of viral disease is feeds are not available locally but but no assistance was provided. Debhata and Shakhipur are about 10%. Major mortality if required they can have it either lightly affected. happened due to low water from Khulna or from Jessore. level, higher water temperature Medicines are not available and PH values. because these are not used. Mr. Md. Abdul Bari, No disease for carp and fin fishes Feeds are generally not used in Only a damage report was Tetulia, Islamkathi, Tala sadar, Senior Upazila Fisheries but shrimp mortality happened. fish and shrimp culture. As such submitted to the Department Jalalpur, Dhandia, Nagargata, Officer and Mr. Md. Prevalence of viral disease is feeds are not available locally but but nothing was provided Kumira- are severely affected Bazlur Rahman Sarder, about 20%. Major mortality if required they can have it either accordingly. Some assistance whereas Khalil Nagar, Assistant Fisheries Officer, happened due to low water from Khulna or from Jessore. through Aila project was Kholishkhali, Khesra, Magura and Tala Upazila, Satkhira. level, higher water temperature Medicines are not available provided to some of the affected Sorolia are partially affected. and PH values. because these are not used. people. Mr. Md. Abdul Wadud, For carp and golda culture, no Feeds are generally not used in Only a damage report was Alipur, Dhulihor, Daubhanga, District Fisheries Officer, incidence of disease has been fish and shrimp culture. As such submitted to the Department Balli, Labsha and Fingri- are Satkhira; Mr. Nirmal reported but bagda culture feeds are not available locally but but no assistance was provided. severely affected while Kumar Ghose, Assistant prevalence of white spot disease if required they can have it either Bashdaha, Pushkhali, Baikali, Fisheries, Satkhira Sadar, is about only 20%. The main from Khulna or from Jessore. Buna, Shibpur, Homra,
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Key Informants Is there any recent outbreak of Availability and access to Any assistance provided to the Name unions worst affected in disease in case of aquaculture or fisheries feed and medicines gher and fish pond owners by terms of damage to fishery in ghers your Department Satkhira reason of bagda mortality was Medicines are not available Brahmarajpur, Agardadhi - are due to the imbalance of because these are not used. partially affected. physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water. Mr. Md. Hadiuzzaman, For carp and golda culture, no Limited feeds are generally used Only a damage report was Bidhyanandakathi, Shagar Dari, Upazila Fisheries Officer, incidence of disease has been in fish culture. But for golda and submitted to the Department SufalaKathi, Gauribona- are Mr. Md. Alamgir Kabir, reported but bagda culture bagda culture nothing is used. but no assistance was provided. severely affected while Assistant Fisheries Officer prevalence of white spot disease Feeds are available locally. Trimohini, Pajia, Mangalkot, and Mr. Md. AmanUllah, is about only 20%. The main Medicines are not available Mazidpur gram and Keshabpur - Extension Officer, reason of bagda mortality was because these are not used. are partially affected. Keshabpur Upazila, due to the imbalance of Jessore. physiochemical parameters of pond/gher water. Mr. H. M. Badruzzaman, For carp and golda culture, no Limited feeds are generally used. Only a damage report was Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Upazila Fisheries Officer, incidence of disease has been Feeds are available locally but if submitted to the Department Nehalpur, Durbadanga, Monirampur, Jessore. reported. required more they can have it but no assistance was provided. Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim either from Khulna or from Nagar, Japa, Horihornagar and Jessore. Medicines are not Chaluahati- are severely affected available because these are not while rohita, Kashim Nagar, used. Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur are partially affected. Mr. Md. Ramjan Ali, DFO, For carp and golda culture, no Limited feeds are generally used. Only a damage report was Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia, Jessore; Mr. Md. incidence of disease has been Feeds are available locally but if submitted to the Department Nehalpur, Durbadanga, MizanurRahman, Project reported but bagda culture required more they can have it but no assistance was provided. Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim Director, Bhabodah prevalence of white spot disease either from Khulna or from Nagar, Jhanpa, Horihornagar and Project; Mr. Bishwajit is about only 20%. The main Jessore. Medicines are not Chaluahati- are severely affected Bairagi, Senior Upazila reason of bagda mortality was available because these are not while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Fisheries Officer, Jessore due to the imbalance of used. Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur Sadar Upazila, Jessore. physiochemical parameters of are partially affected. pond/gher water.
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CHAPTER 3
3. Food Accessibility
Key findings
1. Generally all the major livelihoods are moving towards recovery though fish farmers and laborers claimed that their recovery has not been satisfactory. 2. Since this has been a post Boro harvest assessment people had sufficient money in their hand but they were also fearfully anticipating the coming lean season especially in the areas where Aman is not produced substantially (43% communities). 3. Expenditure on food followed by repayment of loan, shelter repair and medicine has been reported to be the major expenditure sectors. Over the past months women and children also contributed to the household income which is not a normal scenario. Over 71 percent of the FGDs reported that they have sent their children to work in brick field, agricultural field and rickshaw van pulling. However, agricultural wage of children and women laborer remained extremely low. Compared to that of a male laborer, a child laborer and a female laborer received over 60 percent and 30 percent less respectively. 4. Boro price shock has left the marginal farmer with no additional money to invest for the upcoming crops. However, agricultural day laborers who are net buyers of the rice have been benefitting from this low rice price and currently the terms of trade in terms of rice are almost similar to pre flood time which is around 6.3 kg. However, this is a seasonal scenario. Usually in the coming months the agricultural wage rates will drop despite the Aman planting season (Aman wage are less than Boro wage) and the rice price will go up. 5. There are pocket areas where T. Aman is not cultivated as these are predominantly gher areas. Despite this, Aman planting is not a labor intensive production therefore does not provide extensive livelihood opportunities. 6. In general, both marginal farmer and wage labor households are in a vulnerable situation as the major rivers have not been dredged and excessive rainfall in the monsoon will again create water logging.
3.1. Livelihoods recovery status This follow up assessment was conducted immediately after the Boro harvest which is normally a lean season for the agricultural wage laborer. On the other hand, this is the time when agricultural wage laborers also have food and cash stock as wage during Boro harvesting time is the highest
Page | 15 amongst all the agricultural seasons. Communities reported Major livelihoods status that slowly all the major 100 livelihoods of the vulnerable 80 Not affected groups are coming back to 60 normal situation. Recession of No recovered 40 water and the Boro season made 20 a positive impact for both the Moderately % ofresponse FGD % - normal marginal farmers as well as the Fully normal agricultural day laborers. On the other hand the status of the non- agriculture laborer and petty traders also has had notable progress. Response on the Graph 8 Status of major livelihoods fisheries related occupations shows a slow pace of recovery due to a number of reasons. One reason is that the last few months have remained extremely dry and the flow of water from upstream rivers in the coastal rivers was marginal. On the other hand, most of the ponds/ ghers became dry. Hence, this is a usual dry season picture of fishing sector in the area.
3.2. State of agricultural labor households Generally, households dependent on income from agricultural day labor are vulnerable due to their limited ownership and access to agricultural land. Most of their income comes from wage they get working for other tenant households. In case of Satkhira, the number of small agricultural households has doubled in last 12 years from 37 percent to 55 percent. This particular feature has a number of connotations. At one end, the capacity to invest in high value commercial crops is limited, and on the other side, due to very small/no savings they are pushed towards negative coping strategies such as migration, reducing quality and quantity of food consumption \ when natural calamities devastates their small crop holdings. In addition to this, the non-farm holdings find it difficult to manage work locally due to crowding out effect in local labor market.
Table 4 Change in agricultural wage labor holdings
Items 1996 2008 All Non- Farm Holdings All Non- Farm Holdings Holding farm Holdings farm Total Small Mediu Large Total Small Mediu Large s Holding Holding m m s s Agri. 116627 54863 61764 59051 2515 198 224219 100428 123791 112998 9592 1201 Households Percentage 100 47.04 52.95 95.60 4.07 0.32 100 44.79 55.20 91.28 7.748 0.97 Percent of 38.29 52.46 30.88 37.18 7.15 3.26 54.10 59.60 50.34 54.57 28.62 22.50 All Holdings Source: Agriculture Census, 2008. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
From last August to till now, overall agricultural sector has experienced only a full productive season of Boro. So the labor cushion that the sector usually creates has not happened yet as other prime sectors like shrimp/fish production has only partially recovered. Due to this reason, small farm
Page | 16 holders and non-farm holders have been experiencing a chronic shortage of capital which has been reported as the main constraint to revive the livelihoods. Key reasons are crowding out effect in local labor market and lack of operating capital to start the small scale livelihoods options.
Key constraints in reviving livelihoods
60
50
40
30
20
10 % response in each rankingeach responsein % 0 Pond for shrimp Surplus labour Lack of money Lack of money Lack of money other (specify) farming still to buy input for to buy input for to buy livestock under water agriculture fisheris Key Constraint-Rank 1 Key Constraint-Rank 2 Key Constraint-Rank 3
Graph 9 Key constraints in reviving livelihoods
One of the aspects that persist across all the communities is the uncertainty rooted in the lack of water carrying capacity of the rivers. While exploring the perception on the time frame required for full recovery of the major livelihoods they mentioned about the uncertainty looming as the rivers have not been dredged. Moreover, a number of canals have been excavated through cash for work program by a number of agencies. Now these canals are deeper than the linked rivers and the sluice gates of these canals are still ineffective. If it rains more than ‘normal’ then it is very much likely that the canals may not carry out the water from the fields. Apparently, marginal Graph 10 Time required for full recovery of the farmers have no other way out then to livelihoods invest in T. Aman paddy and they are very much uncertain on the fate of this Time required for recovery crop. 60 50 Above all, the post-harvest situation should be considered in case of drawing 40 any conclusion. At present the price of 30 20 clean coarse rice is perhaps lowest % Response comparing the prices in last few years. 10 Moreover, the primary fieldwork was 0 Already Between Between In more Don’t conducted immediately after the resumed one and two and than know harvesting and during this time usually two three three labor households earn more money months months months comparing to other months. The 1st rank response % 2nd rank response % entourage of low rice price and income
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from the Boro harvest has significantly increased the buying capacity of rice for the labor households. On the other hand, a gradual positive change can be seen in terms of wage comparing the peak flood and December scenarios.
Table 5 Terms of Trade (ToT) in terms of rice purchasing capacity
Before Peak flood/ Dec -11 May- % change % change % flood June August 2011 12 now & now & change 2011 Before peak now & flood flood Dec. Agri wage (Tk/day) 200 100 129 136 -46.8 26.6 5.5 Non-agri wage 210 50 136 169 -24.0 70.5 19.6 (Tk/day) Rice price (Tk/Kg) 32.63 36.9 28 25 -29.2 -46.0 -9.9 ToT ag day 6.1 2.7 4.6 5.1 -20.2 46.8 9.0 labourer (Kg rice) ToT, non ag day 6.4 1.5 4.9 6.3 -2.4 75.6 21.9 labourer (Kg rice)
3.3. State of children and female day laborer In all communities it has been reported that female contribute a considerable proportion of income. Moreover, 71% of the communities suggested that they have sent children to work. Women and children work in diversified labor intensive sectors for a low wage. Average wage for children is around 50-70 taka depending on the nature and type of work. Average wage for women is also found to be the same except activities by the agencies.
Around 1/3 of the child and female labors work in agricultural sectors and around 23% of women been employed through the CFT/CFW activities. Women are also involved in work like earth work, gher, mason helper, hair collection, snail collection, fishing, domestic help etc. In case of children it is alarming that their involvement in hazardous work e.g. work in brick fields is significant. Other major employment sectors are domestic help, mango orchard, restaurant, tutoring, micro business, brick field, van rickshaw pulling.
Sectorwise employment by Setorwise involvement of children women U 15
Agri wage 31% Agri wage labour 36% 16% CFW 32% Van/Ricskaw CFT Earth work 30% 10% Handicraft 16% 19% Miscellaneous 6% Miscellaneous 4%
Graph 11 Sector-wise employment by women Graph 12 Sector-wise employment by Children
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3.4. Alternate livelihoods for laborers and marginal farmers As mentioned earlier that the major livelihoods are slowly coming back to normal situation. During last few months all the vulnerable households had to seek employment from alternative sources. Migration seems to be the most significant alternative that the Alternative Source of Employment households usually adopt. 100% of
120 the communities reported that 100 they migrated when they could not 80 find work at local level. 60 Employment generation activity by 40 the agencies has contributed 20 significantly and is the 2nd most 0 important source that provided the households with employment. ofcommunities % reported Other options like loan, purchase food on credit have also been taken by some of the households. Graph 13 Alternative sources of livelihoods
3.5. Price of basic staples While ToT i.e. real income in terms of rice purchasing capacity has significantly increased prices of other basic staples have also had a sharp increase. Comparing the prices in four different points shows that except rice all the price of basic commodities have increased. This price hike in general has influenced the dietary practice of all the vulnerable households. Apart from fresh fish all other basic staples is linked with national level commodity supply chains and as long as the road transport communication and local physical market remains functional these prices will continue to fluctuate with national market prices. On the other hand, during flood and water recession time the price of fresh fish was very much reasonable and households could even catch fish from water bodies around.
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Price trend of basic staples 140 120 100
Jun-11 80 Aug-11
Tk/kg 60 Dec-11 40 May-12 20 0 Local Rice Wheat/flour Fresh Masur Soybean oil salt potato fish(small)
Graph 14 Price trend of basic staples 3.6. Expenditure in vulnerable households Sector-wise expenditure reveals that the major expenditure source is food followed by medicine, shelter repair and repayment of loans. It was widely discussed in the FGDs that most of the vulnerable households accessed loans from local money lender during the time of flood as MFIs stopped providing the loan and also stopped collecting installments for some time. Latter, when water receded these groups once again started accessing the loans of MFIs to pay back the loan and interest to the money lenders. This cycle is still continuing and a major portion of their income is going back to the MFIs. As most of the vulnerable households are now in this cycle of loan, so it is likely that any small cash grant may end up in repaying loans. On the other hand, specific interventions designed to generate year round income may result in better capacity to manage these loans.
Sectorwise expenditure 14 12 10 8 1st rank 6 2nd rank 4 3rd rank 2 0 Food Medicine Repair Recovery of Purchase of Repayment Children’s’ Others shelter livelihood agricultural of loan education inputs
Graph 15 Major expenditure sectors of vulnerable HHs
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CHAPTER 4
4. Food Consumption and Utilization
Key findings:
1. Seven percent of the FGDs reported to have poor food consumption score (FCS) even after the post-harvest period. In August the rate was 10 percent and in December no communities were detected with poor food consumption mainly due to food assistance programmes and availability of fish in the open water. At present 57% of the FGDs responded that they belong to the borderline category which was only 38% in December and 18% in August. 2. General improvement of dietary diversity in terms of rice, milk and milk product, and pulses and meal frequency in terms of rice consumption bears a signature mark of a post- harvest assessment. However, due to high prices of protein, especially fish the overall FCS has deteriorated due to lack of protein consumption. 3. There is an improvement in meal frequency across all age groups compared to that of August 2011. However, concerns remain over significant reduction of meal frequency of the pregnant and lactating mother and under five children comparing the last December. 4. Consumption of rice has increased significantly and currently per person consumption is over 2.5 kg which was less than 2 kg in December. In August 2011 the rice consumption was reported to be 2.4 Kg. The Agricultural wage laborers who are the net buyers of rice are spending 94 percent of their income after rice. As the price of basic staple declined the prices of other basic food commodities shot up like oil, pulse and potato affecting the quality and quantity of the food basket. 5. Much recovery has been made in terms of access to safe drinking water. However, there are significant portion of areas where it takes more than one hour to fetch water. 6. Improvement in using sanitary latrine has been reported. However, open defecation and unsafe children’s feces disposal practice has remained as a critical health threat to the overall wellbeing of the communities. Immediate attention is required. 7. Prevalence of gut parasites and water borne disease has remained very high. Status of worm infection also a very high threat to utilization of food by different age groups.
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4.1. Food consumption and nutrition Comparing FCSs of August, December and May shows that there is a gradual Food Consumption Score shift from acceptable scores towards 120% borderline score. At present 57% of the 100% FGDs responded that they belong to the 80% 36% borderline category which was only 38% 61% 60% 72% in December and 18% in August. One of the reasons is the protein intake has 40% 57% reduced over the time especially fish 20% 18% 38% that was abundant during the time of 0% 10% 0% 7% flood. Moreover, in first few months August Dec-11 May-12 after flood there were ongoing food Poor score: ≤ 28 Borderline score: >28 to ≤ 42 assistance programs from a number of Acceptable score: 43-52 agencies. It should be reiterated here that among all households in Satkhira, Graph 16 Food Consumption Score 54% is agricultural wage dependent households and these FGDs were also conducted among them. FCS also suggests that the overall nutritional security is worsening for majority of the vulnerable groups.
4.2. Diet diversity and frequency The graph below has been generated tabulating weekly consumption of 14 food groups by vulnerable households. Comparing the current household dietary diversity with that of the month of December shows that positive changes occurred in case of rice, spices, sugar, milk and milk product, and pulses. On the other hand, protein and vegetable consumption reduced significantly. The high protein consumption in December was an inflated scenario due to availability of fish in the open waters and free pulse distribution by agencies providing external assistance. These households usually buy ‘anchor’ pulse which is a low quality, low priced imported pulse. Moreover, the price of potato has increased significantly within just last 2 months and reduction of the price of rice also Diet Diversity Condi & spices 2 3.2 Sugar, molasses (gur) 0.2 1.5 Fruits 0 2.0 Milk & milk product 0.4 4.1 Egg 0.4 1.3 Meat, poultry 0.00 Fish 0.4 2.2 Edible oil 5.6 6.1 Dec-12 5.2 Vegetables 2.9 May-12 Pulses 3 4.6 Potatoes 4.8 6.8 Other cereals 0 0.3 Wheat 0.6 1.4 Rice 6 6.7 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
Graph 17 Diet diversity Page | 22 contributed in higher amount of carbohydrate consumption.
A significant improvement is visible in case of rice consumption. Across vulnerable and female group FGDs it was reported that an average household (5 to 6 members) consumed Rice requirement and consumption around 2.7 kg of rice per day. Comparing this 3.0 600 information with before flood, during flood
2.5 500
and/ December scenario shows that households are consuming even more than 2.0 400 they usually consumed last June. The income Kg/HH 1.5 300 gm/person from the recent Boro harvest, low rice price and marginal farmers having crop stock at 1.0 200 home are possible reasons for such good 0.5 100 consumption of rice. Moreover, wage 0.0 0 laborers also reported that they can find Before flood Peak flood December Now (August) work on an average 4 days per week Average rice consumption in Kg/household therefore their average income per month is Average rice in gram/person/day Taka 2241 which is higher than December income of Taka 1560. Considering Graph 18 Rice consumption change per households requirement of around 70 kg rice per and per person household, estimated 94% of the income is spent on rice procurement. As households especially the marginal farmers may have some stock at home from last Boro harvest so the proportion of expenditure on rice may be lower in recent times. Despite the reduced expenditure in rice the overall expenditure in food was reported to be high in section 3.6. The increased price of oil, pulse, salt and potato the basic food items for the poor households have contributed to the increased expenditure on food. In the upcoming lean season the rice consumption will decline.
4.3. Intra household food consumption There is an improvement in meal frequency across all age groups Intra household meal frequency compared to that of August 3.50 2011.However, concerns remain over 3.00 significant reduction of meal frequency 2.50 2.00 of the pregnant and lactating mother and 1.50 under five children comparing the last 1.00 December. Meal frequency for the adult 0.50 May-12 0.00 male and female is almost the same Dec-11 having 2 and a half meal per day. Aug-11 Throughout the affected areas several patterns of meal cooking practice have been reported. In some areas, households usually prepare food 2 times a day whereas in some parts it is 3 times. The general practice is to have the Graph 19 Intra-household meal frequency
Page | 23 leftovers of the dinner of previous night or in another way, rice cooked overnight and kept steeped in water to consume in the morning.
4.4. Water and Sanitation
4.4.1. Source of water Significant improvement has been seen in terms of access to safe water4 by households in the affected areas. While around 89% of the communities were accessing safe water in the month of December, it has increased up to 96% by end of May. This statistics also surpasses the estimates of Household Food Security and Nutrition Survey (HFSNA) 2009 showing 94.8 % of households’ access safe water. Depending on the frequency of rain, households also reported that they use rain water whenever it is available. Apart from drinking, households generally use water from ponds and/open water bodies to wash utensils and household members also generally bath in open water bodies.
Source of water 120
100 Supplied water 80 60 Tubewell 40 Open water body
communities 20 Rain water % reponse reponse from % the 0 1st rank 2nd rank 1st rank 2nd rank DTW/STW Dec-11 May-12 Graph 20 Source of water in the households 4.4.2. Time to fetch water Around 70% of the households can now fetch drinking water within 30 minutes which was only 20% during December. Most of the water points have been repaired and Childrens feces disposal contributed in reducing the time to collect Safe disposal Place where people dump waste water. On the other hand, it should also be Bush considered seriously that where 96% of the In water body communities are accessing tube-well water 7% and the aggregate amount of time spent by 21% women to fetch water is huge. At present 32% of the communities spend more than 36% 30 minutes to fetch water. In some of the 36% areas which are predominantly shrimp farming (gher) areas the scarcity of water is still very high and women spent more than Graph 21 Children’s' feces disposal practice
4 The definition of safe water considers quality, quantity and sustainability criteria as its basic components. However, in this assessment source of water has been used as the key indicator assuming that the access to tube well water is the safest source that the households generally access.
Page | 24 one hour to collect drinking water for the household and 7% of the communities spend such amount of time.
4.4.3. Defecation point and feces disposal practice of the communities Across communities significant positive change has been made towards using sanitary latrine. During the month of December 35% of the communities were using open defecation as their most common practice which has reduced to less than 3%. However, cumulative use of hanging/open latrine, pit latrine and open defecation is still around 20% which is perhaps one of the key reasons of higher incidence of diarrheal diseases. On the other hand, in case of children’s feces disposal in only 7% of the cases people use the safe disposal technique and in 93% of cases this is practiced in open spaces posing higher threat to human health.
Defecation point 45 40 35 Sanitary Latrine (family)
30 Sanitary Latrine (public) 25 20 Damaged family latrine
15 Damaged public latrine % of of people% 10 Hanging/open latrine 5 0 Open Defecation 1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank 1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank Others (pit latrine) Dec-11 May-12 Graph 22 Defecation point access trend
4.4.4. WaSH priorities While setting up priorities in WaSH, male participants in FGDs emphasized mainly on tube well and sanitary latrine whereas female participants WaSH priorities
100 prioritized having a sanitary latrine for the household 80 should as females faces 60 difficulty accessing common 40 latrine facilities and they also 20 do no practice open 0 Tubewell Hygeniec Water Sanitary Sufficient Safe Other defecation as males do. of communities % reported materia; storage Latrine water place for (DTW) Moreover some marginal jar bath households reported that they sold out or lost the Male 1st Priorities Male 2nd Priorities water storage utensils during Female 1st Priorities Female 2nd Priorities the flood and till date could Graph 23 WaSH priorities of male and female
Page | 25 not buy any metal water storage jar.
4.4.5. Prevalence of gut parasites 93% percent of the communities reported worm prevalence and among those communities 14 percent reported to have extreme prevalence. Based on the community reporting such prevalence is quite high which has strong linkage with underutilization of food and may have linkage with other symptoms of under-nutrition. At one hand, food consumption score is moving toward borderline status, and on the other hand there is possibility that whatever they are consuming cannot utilized due to higher prevalence of gut parasites. It should be noted that while deworming is done for the school going children and has been incorporated in the national immunization programme, community level deworming is not done.
4.4.6. Symptom/result of under nutrition General perception on common symptoms and results of under- Symptom/result of undernutrition nutrition has been collected from all 100
the communities. There is a common 80 perception that both adult and children 60 have been having the same problem of 40
‘tiredness’. Another major perception is % response% ‘lower weight’ of children. However, it 20 should be noted that this assessment 0 Dec-11 May-12 Dec-11 May-12 did not carry out any proper nutrition Adut Children measurements like MUAC or Tiredness Palor of skin Anemia Lower weight Others anthropometry. Women also reported to have observed anemia among Graph 24 Symptom and/ or result of under-nutrition children and adults.
4.4.7. Common diseases Disease prevalance Perceptions on common diseases clearly 90
suggest the overall hygiene and 80 sanitation situation has a direct linkage 70 60 with high level of diarrhea among 50 Diarrhoea children and adult and this has not 40 cold and fever changed much compared to situation in 30 skin disease 20 Gastric/ulcer December. Even in this dry season when 10 Pneumonia on an average 96% of the communities 0 Others
% of of communities % reported Dec-11 May-12 Dec-11 May-12 reported to have accessing tubewell water, there seems to be a common Children disease Adult disease hygiene problem across all the communities. Another major perception Graph 25 Prevalence of diseases among adults and children
Page | 26 was found to be cold and fever which communities suggested to have been linked with the ‘seasonal change’, high temperature and humidity. Wide prevalence of skin diseases have been reported in many communities, especially in the areas where marginal people work in ghers It was claimed that the water of the ghers have become contaminated as well as the waters of the open water bodies which they use for bathing.
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CHAPTER 5
5. Coping strategies, priorities and needs
5.1. Coping strategies Throughout Bangladesh vulnerable households adopt a diverse range of strategies to cope with different shocks. Coping strategy index (CSI) has been used earlier5 in Bangladesh and elsewhere to understand the severity and vulnerability of different socio-economic groups. This particular assessment collected only the general coping strategies adopted by the vulnerable groups in last few months. If adaptive strategy is employed compromising the asset of the households than that particular coping strategy may also affect future livelihoods security. The following graph shows that the number of response on selling asset (land, tree), or purchase food on credit is less. These types of strategies have potential to affect the livelihoods security. The most practiced strategies were reduction of meal size and female adults eating less, which are commonly practiced coping strategies in lean seasons throughout Bangladesh.
Graph 26 Coping strategies adopted by the households
Coping Strategies Adopted 80
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
0 % ofcommunities % reported Reduced Eat less Eat Male adults Female Selling Purchase Migration Send Selling meal size preferred roadside eat less to adults eat advanced food on children to land/tree food vegetables feed less to feed labour credit work etc children children;
1st rank 2nd rank 3rd rank
5 Socio-economic Profiles of WFP Operational areas & Beneficiaries, 2006, pg 90.
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5.2. Priority Needs of the Community In all the FGDs a simple exercise was done by the participants to identify the short term (within 2 months), medium term (2 to 6 months) and long term (more than 6 months) priority needs. While considering the needs participants emphasized that broad agricultural sector is the key sector that needs to be revived as this sector (crop and fish) employs wage labor based households. Marginal farmers also considered the imminent risks of flooding and emphasized on assistance for flood water drainage system revival. Major response came on issues of resumption of livelihoods activities, lack of capital to continue agriculture in the upcoming season as well as other non-crop investments e.g. shelter, small business. A significant percentage of response came on food assistance in medium term, IGAs that can generate year round income and various cash grants.
Priority Needs of Vulnerable Groups 90 80 70
60 50 40 30 % response% 20 10
0
IGA
Food
Shelter
Baby food Baby
Health Care Health
Flood shelter Flood
Warm clothes Warm
Sanitary latrine Sanitary
Cooking utensils Cooking
Grant for fisheries for Grant
Grant for livestock for Grant
School prog. feeding School
revived
Other agricultural inputs agricultural Other
children school returnto children
Short term financial support financial term Short
Access to clean drinking waterdrinking clean to Access
Seed for agricultural production foragricultural Seed
resumption of livelihood activities livelihood of resumption Have flood system drainage waterflood Have
Short term needs Medium term needs Long term needs Village infrastructure development infrastructure Village Graph 27 Short, Medium and Long term priority needs of the vulnerable groups
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5.3. Population and Areas in Need of Assistance This assessment had detail consultative workshops with all the UzDMC and UDMC members in all the selected Upazila under study. Discussion was facilitated in a way where the elected representatives of the people as well as different officials of various government departments could reach consensus on the areas which still require external assistance. Identification of area was done using 3 criteria; percent of population affected due to flood, Boro paddy harvest status and Aman paddy potential. Severity score was given using the following matrix. Score 1 was given for least affected, score 2 for medium level affect and score 3 for worst level of affected for that specific criteria. The exercise considered all the Unions of the affected Upazilas rather than only the study Unions. When the total score for a specific Union was found to be more than 8 (at least two criteria shows worst, and another criteria can be medium level to worst affected)
Table 6 Area identification criteria matrices
Criteria 0-33% 34-66% 67-100% % of population affected 1 2 3 Boro harvest comparing with normal production 3 2 1 Aman potential 3 2 1 Note: 1= least affected, 2=medium affected, 3= worst affected
By using this matrix, the following livelihood and demographic table has been generated for the priority areas. Total 16 Unions have been identified as priority areas for assistance- 10 unions are in Satkhira and 6 unions in Jessore.
The population in need in these 16 priority unions was estimated based on following method.
1. Number of marginal farmers in need of agricultural assistance was estimated. 2. Number of highly food insecure vulnerable households without any agricultural land and regular income were estimated for livelihood support. 3. Number of children under five and PLWs in these marginal farm and vulnerable households were estimated for nutrition support.
HFSNA 20096 estimated that 23 percent of the total population in Khulna division is agricultural and non-agricultural laborers who are functionally landless, and 17 percent are marginal farmers. On the other hand based on the recent assessment report 8% of the FGD groups identified them as chronically food insecure and 50 percent of the marginal farmers mentioned they need assistance for the upcoming agricultural seasons.
In total 16500 households have been identified in need of external assistance in the 16 priority Unions of which 8500 are marginal farmers who need support to recover their livelihoods and 8000 are chronically food insecure households with no regular employment. Out of these total 16500 households, 2500 children under five and PLWs need assistance under integrated mother and child nutrition programme.
6HFSNA 2009.
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Short-term Response Strategy Logic:
The following table justifies the different types of proposed short response.
Response Beneficiaries Duration Logic Type Type Cash Small and Lean 1. Marginal farmers experienced a price shock in Boro grant for Marginal season- and could not save to invest in the upcoming crops. farming Farmers August to 2. As T. Aman preparation is underway by the time November intervention starts farmers will have already planted the crop by accessing micro-finance or local money lenders indicated by them. Most of the marginal farmers, if not all, are already in an indebted situation and this usually drains out the inward cash flow of the marginal farmers. 3. This cash support will contribute in paying back the loan for Aman cultivation or in buying other necessary inputs. 4. During lean season marginal farmers are less likely to find wage labor work. So this grant will contribute in the priority expenditures of the HHs. Cash & Vulnerable Lean 1. Around 10% of the households are chronically food food for Hh: - Female season- insecure due to disability, old age and/or no earning training headed HHs August to member in the HH. on IGA with limited November 2. During August to November local agriculture and employment fisheries subsector will create fewer employments for (It can be opportunities; the wage labor and surplus labor supply is highly cash for - HHs with likely to reduce the wage. training, disabled 3. Even after a generally good Boro harvest the dietary food for heads and diversity has remained imbalanced and overall FCS is training or elderly & following a declining trend. Wage labor HHs are cash and limited particularly susceptible to under-nutrition during lean food for employment; season. training) -Day laborers 4. Recent experience suggests that the expenditure on with no non-food items has increased as an aftermath of the agricultural prolonged water logging i.e. shelter repairing, health lands etc. expenditure and loans accessed during the flood till boro harvesting time. These also have contributed in less expenditure in food items. 5. Specific IGAs that requires less capital investment and have the ability to provide year round return has been prioritized by the communities. CFT will provide them the learning and investment opportunity on that specific IGA. 6. The price of the basic staples generally increases during this lean season and wage rate decreases. ToT of the labor households reduced significantly and results in a lesser quantity and quality meal consumption. Integrated Children Lean 1. Alarmingly this assessment suggested that the meal maternal under 5 & season- frequency of the PLW and U 5 children has reduced
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Response Beneficiaries Duration Logic Type Type & child PLWs from August to comparing with last December. feeding the 16,500 November 2. As a coping strategy mothers usually consumes less to vulnerable feed children in the HHs and this also aggravates the households to breastfeeding capacity of the PLWs. be assisted 3. It was reported that the lactating mothers cannot breastfeed sufficiently due to poor food consumption and poor health. Again, the communities that received Food Assistance for the PLWs have mentioned about better capacity to breastfeed the babies. 4. Generally, flood affected area has a critical level of Global Acute Malnutrition prevalence and nutritional support will contribute coping with under-nutrition.
It should be noted that along with ECHO funded WFP relief and rehabilitation activities multiple agencies7 came up with various emergency and rehabilitation work in the affected area. While at initial level different food and non-food item assistance was provided, latter most of the assistance in the affected area went in the form of Cash for Work and Cash for Training program. These activities contributed a lot in terms of helping the households to expend in their own priority needs. It should be noted that WFP alone continued its blanket supplementary feeding for the PLWs and children under 5 till June 2012. Latter, targeted supplementary feeding through Community Managed Nutrition Activities started instead of Blanket feeding. The CFW and CFT involving a total of 12,600 participants planned for the period up to June 2012 have been completed. During July to Dec 2012, another round of CFT will assist 3,000 most vulnerable from among the 12,600 assisted. In this context, it should be reiterated that all of the affected area will undergo a lean season after T Aman transplantation and regular cash earning will be significantly reduced. Hence, the proposed interventions may act as a backstopping on the overall achievement of the rehabilitation activities.
7 Please see the annexure for agency specific activities till date.
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Table 7 Population in need of external assistance in the selected area
Upazila Name of Unions Total HH Day labor Hh @ Marginal 50% of the total marginal 8% most food Total U-5 @ PLW @ 23% farm Hh farmers in need of insecure Hhs in households 12% 3% (@ 17% assistance need of in need of assistance assistance Islamkati 5300 1219 901 400 500 900 110 26 Jalalpur 5700 1311 969 500 400 900 110 28 Tala Sarulia 4900 1127 833 400 400 800 100 24 Tetulia 5200 1196 884 400 400 800 102 25 Kulia 7140 1642 1214 600 500 1100 141 35 Debhata Noapara 6800 1564 1156 600 500 1100 134 35 parulia 7600 1748 1292 600 600 1200 150 37 Labsha 5770 1327 981 500 400 900 114 30 Satkhira Balli 3132 720 532 300 300 600 60 15 Sadar Jhawdanga 6184 1422 1051 500 500 1000 122 30 Khanpur 8000 1840 1360 700 600 1300 158 39 Monirampur Jhanpa 6000 1380 1020 500 500 1000 118 30 Trimohini 9600 2208 1632 800 800 1600 190 47 Biddanandakati 8000 1840 1360 700 600 1300 158 39 Keshabpur Sagardari 7000 1610 1190 600 600 1200 138 35 Sufalakati 4800 1104 816 400 400 800 95 25 101126 23258 17191 8,500 8,000 16,500 2,000 500
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Figure 2 Map of the most priority area
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CHAPTER 6
6. Recommendations Recommendations made in this chapter are based on following premises;
Wellbeing of all the marginal farmers and wage labor households depends on the revival of agricultural sector. Despite the good per acreage yield of Boro rice, the affected areas could not produce the rice to its full potential. Out of 16 high priority Unions, 9 reported that Boro harvest was less than 40 percent of a normal year’s production. On the other hand nearly 30 percent of the FGD discussants reported that Boro price shock has put the marginal farmers in a vulnerable situation as they do not have enough investment capacity for the upcoming crops especially Aman. The 2003 statistics from DAE have indicated that Aman is a predominant crop in many Upazilas in Satkhira. However, in course of time many of the Aman paddy field has been occupied by shrimp farming. Though shrimp farms also provided an employment option in Satkhira, in recent times there is limited potential for shrimp production due to disease and/or other reasons such as capital shortage. In the 16 priority Unions the production of next Aman has been reported to be quite low. Therefore these areas are likely to experience unemployment crisis till next Boro plantation in November/December 2012. As this was a post-harvest assessment so while rice consumption showed a positive trend, overall food consumptions indicators did not show a positive trend which is expected to deteriorated in the upcoming lean seasons with implication on child and maternal under- nutrition. This is very much applicable for households headed by female wage laborers, disabled and elderly heads with irregular income, households depending solely on wage labor with no agricultural land or any other productive assets etc. Most of the rehabilitation program i.e. CFW, CFT is going to end by the end of June/July. Moreover in monsoon season it is not possible to carry out such interventions. Hence, it is likely that the wage labor based households are going to face a crowding out effect in the labor market. In general, vulnerable households are in an indebted situation and most of their income is spent to repay the loan and this cycle of loan has worsened since August 2011with the inception of the water logging. In the upcoming lean season there must be options of continued cash flows. Income generating options should be those which generate year round income as well as requires less capital investment.
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A number of interventions been recommended by the communities (see graph below). All these recommendations also clearly suggest that there is a chronic financial capital shortage among the households and having source of regular income is their key preferred intervention. However, using the premises mentioned earlier, the following interventions are recommended for further action;
Community preferred interventions 90 80
70 60 50 40 30 % reponse% 20
10
0
WATSAN
support
grant
Flood Shelter Flood
and CFT and
Agricultural InputAgricultural
trade, livestock, IGA livestock, trade,
Cash Grant for small small for Grant Cash
Continuation of CFW CFW of Continuation
Training for IGA with forTraining Flood resilient shelter resilient Flood
Road & drainage system drainage & Road
Graph 28 Community preferred interventions 6.1. Interventions proposed by the current assessments:
6.1.1. Short to medium term: The short term measures are proposed only for the priority areas and groups identified through this assessment.
1. Support to rehabilitate marginal farmers, day laborers with cash grant and cash and food for training on homestead gardening, fisheries production and poultry rearing: In areas where Boro production has faltered substantially and Aman production is not going to be in substantial amount and moreover small farmers are in high debt, cash grants and agricultural input support to the marginal farmers for agricultural farming and fisheries are recommended. For vulnerable households and agricultural day laborers food and cash for training on IGA along with disaster preparedness, post-disaster crop management, WASH, health and hygiene is also recommended. Most of these measures are proposed mostly for the lean season from August to November. Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration.
In order to address the specific needs of PLWs and children 6 to 59months, blanket supplementary feeding in the selected vulnerable households is recommended until December 2012 using a micronutrient fortified food in order to prevent a deterioration of nutritional status in these vulnerable household members, particularly given the exacerbating factors of inadequate amount of diet, poor water and sanitation and the risk of water-borne diseases.
Response Type Beneficiaries Beneficiaries Duration Assistance details Type No.
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Cash grant for Small and 8500 HHs Lean -Cash grant of BDT 3500 (one time farming Marginal season- distribution) Farmers August to - Technical support from DAE November
Cash and/or Vulnerable HH: 8000 HHs Lean Training on IGA Food package: food for training Female headed season- (poultry and preferably with on IGA HHs with August to homestead pulse, oil, sugar limited November gardening), DRR, etc. (rice excluded) employment WASH/Hygiene in 4 Distribution: bi opportunities; sessions. monthly (to reduce - HHs with Per session training operational costs), disabled heads remuneration one distribution and elderlies appox. Taka 750 must be before &limited Eid-ul-Fitr in employment; August -Day laborers Period: beginning with no of August and agricultural beginning of lands etc. October Integrated Children under 20308childre Lean Wheat soya blend maternal & child 5 & PLWs from n U 5= season- (WSB) & Nutrition feeding the 16,500 430 PLWs August to training vulnerable November households to be assisted 2. Revamping WASH programme WASH indicators were found to be alarming in this area. Therefore it is recommended that the WASH cluster takes up an assessment to revamp the WASH interventions in the affected areas. Recently international NGOs have planned for a WASH programme for these water logged areas. Implementation of these programmes hopefully will improve the situation.
6.1.2. Medium to long term interventions
1. Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration. The nutritional status of vulnerable household members can further deteriorated given the exacerbating factors of inadequate amount of diet, poor water and sanitation and the risk of water-borne diseases. In order to address the specific needs of PLWs and children 6 to 59months, blanket supplementary feeding is recommended until December 2012 using a micronutrient fortified food. Blanket feeding is recommended in the follow up response as there is currently limited capacity within the health sector to implement a targeted supplementary feeding programme. For transition from blanket feeding, there should be a focus on developing Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) within the health sector. This will enable communities and the government to more effectively prevent and treat malnutrition and its fluctuations between seasons and during and after disasters.
8Based on WFP’s previous experience in blanket feeding programme in Satkhira, in general12.3% of households have PLWs and 2.6% have children under 5.
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2. Create Employment through public works programme The prolonged flooding in Satkhira has significantly affected the livelihoods and income status of the vulnerable households depending on marginal farming and agricultural day labor. Reviving livelihoods still remains a challenge for the vulnerable households especially in areas where agricultural diversity is very limited, only one major crop in a year. This also limits the access to income with serious implication on food security and nutritional status of the vulnerable population. In this context, creating employment opportunities in lean season is expected to bring about sustenance in the livelihood, and food security. Employment generation through public works programme especially canal excavation has a long lasting positive impact on local agriculture and overall wellbeing of the community. Water carrying capacity of the rivers and canals has been worsening and after each monsoon heavy siltation clogs the existing rivers and canals. While major rivers are expected to be dredged by the government, the connecting canals excavation will create employment for the marginal households. As soon as the next T. Aman harvesting is done, preparation for special Food/ Cash for Work should be taken based on the suitability of the specific context of the flood affected area. 3. Cage culture Homestead or community-based cage fishing is a recently developed technology which is yet to be replicated and up-scaled in the southern delta region of Bangladesh. Here, marginal farmers can produce seasonal and selective fish species to support and enhance their livelihoods, especially in water-logged areas of Satkhira district. Individual cages or series of cages can be set by the side of houses or communities next to seasonal and perennial water bodies such as deep ponds and canal. The most encouraging species for homestead and community-based cage fishing is mono-sex tiliapia and thai sorputi. 4. Piloting the suitability of community enterprise approach (“Daudkandi model”) for community-based floodplain fisheries management in water-logged areas This approach promotes the potential for community enterprise initiatives enabling groups of marginal rice farmers, fish farmers and poor and landless laborers to undertake aquaculture and fisheries management on seasonally flooded floodplains or other water bodies. The proposed activities aim to mobilize the affected communities for collective initiatives for better utilization of the water-logged areas to enhance fish production, generate income and employment opportunities and adapt to the changing ecologies – by harvesting between 0.15 and one ton of fish per hectare in mini-catchment areas in early years, increasing to two tons per hectare in later years. It is envisaged that such enterprises will have a strong multiplier effect through the creation of backward and forward value chain linkages. It should be noted that the land tenure pattern of Comilla and Satkhira is different. Hence the suitability of replicating this model should be explored first. The basic principles of the Daudkandi model are: (i) community engagement; (ii) commercial approach; (iii) establishment of producer and marketing CBOs with well-represented executive bodies and good governance; (iv) as a general rule, 40 ha “mini-polder” catchment areas requiring the construction of “mini-embankments” and benefitting some 250 households; and (iv) preparation of training modules and learning of new technologies by beneficiaries through exchange visits with fish farmers of Comilla District and “learning by doing” of the FFS approach. The total development costs for a typical 40 ha community-based floodplain fisheries scheme is
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USD 57,200 (including the technical support of a specialist NGO, exchange visits and FFSs), i.e. USD 229 per beneficiary. 5. Expansion and productivity enhancement of Boro rice Boro rice relies entirely on an adequate supply of sweet surface irrigation water at a time when salinity is a serious problem. The average yield of Boro rice is 3 to 3.5 tons/ha, best farmers’ yields are 5 to 5.5 tons/ha, and yields attained at local research stations are 6 to 7 tons/ha. The Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) has developed new high-yielding salt tolerant Boro varieties suitable for cultivation in coastal polder areas, i.e. BRRI Dhan 47 and 55 and BINA-8, which potentially can achieve 8.5 to 9 tons/ha. However, encouraging as these results may seem, the project would not promote the intensification of Boro rice to the detriment of marginal farmers growing irrigated rabi crops (that require far less water than Boro rice) in areas where sweet water sources are limited and not sufficient for all to grow Boro rice – in an attempt to demonstrate equitable water management systems within any given community. The need for draining Boro rice seed beds and paddy fields may provide opportunity to demonstrate and extend low-energy and low-cost axial pumps9 recently introduced into Bangladesh and promoted by NGOs such as IDE-Bangladesh. 6. High-value field crops in the rabi season The MoA/FAO draft “Master Plan for Agricultural Development in the Southern Region of Bangladesh” lists 18 high value crops that are suitable for cultivating in the rabi season of the southern delta region (i.e. barley, chickpea, chili, cowpea, groundnut, khesari, lentil, maize, mung bean, mustard, pea, potato, sesame, soybean, sugar beet, sunflower, sweet potato and wheat). Depending on the availability of residual moisture, rainfall and irrigation water, these crops could be promoted to increase cash income of the marginal farmers and enhance their food and nutrition security, viz: Cereals: Maize is grown throughout the coastal polder areas. Short maturing high yielding varieties (HYVs) of maize (130 to 135 days) can yield between 9 and 12 ton/ha while short maturing wheat (100 to 112 days) can yield between 3.6 to 5.1 tons/ha. Pulses: Peas are grown throughout the coastal polder areas. Chick pea, cow pea lentil, mung bean and pea are attractive to resource poor farmers because they are short maturing (50 to 75 days). The BARI Mung 5 and 6 varieties of mung bean and BARI cow pea varieties with improved management practices yield 1.4 tons/ha compared to local varieties with traditional practices at 400 to 500 kgs/ha. Oil seeds: there are good varieties of groundnuts and soybean that could be grown in the coastal polder areas. In Noakhali, BARI Soybean 5 and 6 and Sohag varieties under improved management practices have yielded 2.1 to 2.8 tons/ha compared to local varieties with traditional practices at 1.6 tons/ha. BRAC has also had considerable success with the promotion of sunflower in Jessore and Satkhira Districts.
9 Axial pumps have already proven to be a more cost-effective technology for resource poor farmers to drain their seed beds and paddy fields for the timely planting and enhanced water management of Boro rice in water-logged areas. It is also reported the use of axial pumps also reduces the risk of soil salinity. The axial pumps have sufficient capacity to irrigate 12 hectares of land (i.e. double that of a conventional four-inch tube-well). This means that they are ideal for sharing amongst groups of between 25 and 60 marginal and small-scale farmers.
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Tubers: The Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) has developed very popular varieties of and cropping practices (with and without mulch) for potato and sweet potato. In Noakhali District, potato cultivation with mulch gives 23 tons/ha and without mulch gives 14 tons/ha. However, potato is facing a storage problem throughout the country, which is affecting pricing mechanisms. Chilli is commercially grown throughout Barisal and Khulna Divisions, and, as a high value crop, has great potential to increase farm income when grown in the correct conditions and according to improved management practices. The diversification of cropping systems and introduction of new high-value field crops provides an opportunity to demonstrate conservation agriculture technologies and practices developed by organizations such as CIMMYT and IDE-Bangladesh (e.g. inter-cropping, minimum tillage/strip cropping and zero tillage/direct seeding). Benefits of conservation agriculture include the enhancement of soil moisture retention (especially in the dry rabi season), the improvement of soil quality (i.e. increased organic matter and inherent fertility) and a reduction in soil erodability. 7. Development opportunities of horticulture and agro-forestry The MoA/FAO draft “Master Plan for Agricultural Development in the Southern Region of Bangladesh” lists development opportunities of horticultural and agro-forestry in the southern delta region, viz:
minimizing yield gaps of horticultural crops through improved management practices, e.g. correct spacing, timely fertilization and top working and pruning of fruit trees; productivity enhancement of coconuts and areca nuts; management improvement of under-utilized fruits (e.g. banana, guava and jujube) where production could be double through the introduction of improved varieties, correct spacing, fertilization, pruning and integrated pest management (IPM); up-scaling of the Satkhira model of dwarf mango and jujube production; up-scaling of the improved management of SwarupKathi Guava piloted in Pirojpur District; up-scaling of vegetable production on floating beds in the monsoon season; up-scaling vegetable and spice production using the Sorjan cropping system; and vegetable cultivation in raised beds/mounds and year-round cultivation in shrimp gher and paddy crop field boundaries; up-scaling of shade-tolerant herb production (e.g. coriander, ginger, mint and turmeric) under the canopy of areca nut, mangoes, guavas, etc. on roadsides and embankments. 8. Development opportunities of livestock rearing Large and small ruminants, chickens and ducks are the main assets of the landless rural dwellers, representing not only a source of income but also their capital to fulfill their social and economic needs i.e. health and nutrition, education, weddings etc. This sub-sector is not getting adequate support and services at the remote areas and the loss have not been taken care of.
Key activities for this intervention are as follow;
Farmers’ training on improve management system and appropriate technologies; Precautionary measures for saving livestock and poultry during disaster and mitigation; Preventive and control measures against common diseases; Adapt available technologies and result demonstration; Fodder production;
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Develop local service provider for supply and services; and Create market facilities for fair price of produces.
For rehabilitation of livestock assets to the affected households the inputs includes large and small ruminants and poultry, feed, housing support, vaccinations and anthelmintics, feed storage tank etc.) Cautionary note on livestock rearing is that the prolonged water logging creates a complicated problem for the poorer households to manage feed as rearing practice have mostly been scavenging basis. Moreover, shelter for the ruminant also turn into a difficult challenge and often households sell out the ruminants finding no other way. These cautionary notes should be considered and further reviewed prior taking any livestock distribution by any agency.
9. Cash grant and training on non-farm activities of women and adult male This particular intervention should consider the local level suitable income generating activities which have year round return potential and not capital intensive. Micro-business for women, handicrafts is potential subsectors.
10. Dredging of rivers and canals: Dredging of rivers and canals are very crucial to sustain all the development activities proposed so far. Government has to take up this activity in priority basis otherwise susceptibility to water logging in these parts of the country will keep on increasing over the years adding more misery to the food security and livelihoods of the people.
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ANNEXURE
Annex 1- List of participated agencies and staff
Agencies participated in the primary fieldwork
REQUIREMENT Market KII(Upazila FGD FGD UDMC led by Contact person name OF SUSHILAN survey Sadar level) by
Lead Vul. Fem. WFP
Unions agency District
Upazilas STAFF markets only FAO*
onstatus
confirmati
Team leader and Focal person:
TapanChakraborty, [email protected], 1 1
ACF Enumerators:
Satkhira Kadakati Assasuni Mr. Abdullah Al-Mamun
Ms Salma Khatum 2 Assasuni S. Assasuni S Assasuni
Data entry:
Md. Maniruzzaman
1 1
ACF
Kullah
Satkhira Assasuni
Focal Person:
Randhir Kumar Das; [email protected];
Enumerators for VG+UDMC : 1 1 SCI
Kulia Mr. Abonindra Karmaker, Satkhira Debhata Ms. Swapna Mondol,
Enumerators for Female + Market Survey : 0 Debhata S. Debhata S. Debhata
Ms Laily Begum,
Ms. Laxmi Rani, 1 1
SCI Data Entry:
Parulia Satkhira Debhata Mr. Ifteaker,
Page | 42
REQUIREMENT Market KII(Upazila FGD FGD UDMC led by Contact person name OF SUSHILAN survey Sadar level) by
Lead Vul. Fem. WFP
Unions agency District
Upazilas STAFF markets only FAO*
onstatus confirmati
WFP Khulna sub office staff 4 enumerators
1 1
Balli
Satkhira
Satkhira S.
2
WFP
1 1
Labsha
Satkhira Satkhira S. Satkhira S Satkhira S Satkhira
Team Leader Md. Nuruzzaman Chowdhury
Enumerators
Sarmin Sultana
Arnest Anida Sarkar 1 1
Fingri
DCAconsortia - Satkhira Alfred Gosh
Satkhira S. Md. Sultan Ahmed MA
- Data Entry Operator CA Fahim Ahmed ( data entry) Team Leader: Abdul Halim, 01714-131479
Enumerators
FGD vulnerable group by: Lubna Zahan 01716-297795
FGD with UDMC by: Mahbub Alam Sohel, 01720208100
FGD with female by: Popi, Bhumija Foundation 0 1 1 Tala S Tala S Tala Tala
Satkhira 01937281162 ActionAid Islamkhati Market Survey by: Nihar Ranjan, Bhumija Foundation. 01712796855 Data Entry Tazul Islam, Bhumija Foundation 01716363829
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REQUIREMENT Market KII(Upazila FGD FGD UDMC led by Contact person name OF SUSHILAN survey Sadar level) by
Lead Vul. Fem. WFP
Unions agency District
Upazilas STAFF markets only FAO*
onstatus confirmati Focal Person: Suman Das; 01713060149;[email protected].
Team Leader
Nusrat Jahir; 01716189765, [email protected] ; Enumerator 0 1 1
Tala S M Jaglul Razib, 01816252558
OXFAM Tentulia Satkhira Mary Ratna, 1751626206 Data Entry Operator G M Abdur Rahaman, 01930326134, [email protected] Focal Person Md. Mahbubur Rahman; 01750137981, [email protected]
Team Leader- T I M Mazharuzzaman;
01711955766 0 1 1
Tala
CARE Sorulia
Satkhira Enumerator, Tarun Kanti Mondal, 01726509167 Beauty Parven, 01728015231 Data Entry Operator- Md. Khairul Alam, 01712075539 Focal Person: Rafiq - Food Sec program Manager - [email protected] - 01711988176
Team Leader
Sayeed Tanvir Hossain, tal.trg.off@solidarites-
SI bangladesh.org 0 1 1
Tala Jalalpur Satkhira 01915-756461 Enumerators Nasima Akter 01735-087165 Shameem Ahmed 01818-231523 Data Entry Operator: Abdus Satter 01916 - 054633
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REQUIREMENT Market KII(Upazila FGD FGD UDMC led by Contact person name OF SUSHILAN survey Sadar level) by
Lead Vul. Fem. WFP
Unions agency District
Upazilas STAFF markets only FAO*
onstatus confirmati
Team
Mr. Mahadeb Das, Cell:01713443701 & 01715233051
Md. Moshiur Rahman, Cell:01712589124 0 1 1
kati VOSD
Jessore Md. Shah Alam, Cell:01713443739 Keshabpur Biddananda Mr. Bibhanshu Saha. Cell:01742718018 Team Leader: Keshabpur S Keshabpur S Keshabpur
Abdul Mannan
Enumerator
Ms. Tandra Datta, 01736-394 825 0 1 1 CWW
Jessore Mr. Shamimur Rahman, 01749-209 606 Sufalakati Keshabpur Data Entry Mr. Mohammad Sukur Ali, 01725-038 053
Team Leader
S.M Abu Kaiser 019 75440095
Enumerator Rakibul Hasan, 017 12205421, 01678690203 Morium Begum, 017 39025146 0 1 1 Monirampur S Monirampur S Monirampur
Jessore Data Entry Officer
Monirampur Monohorpur IslamicRelief Md. Assaduzaman +88 018 29417258, 017 17408522 Total 4 14 14 6 6 6
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Annex 2- Responses of KIIs
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW- AGRICULTURE Key Informants Current situation: Total Area Crop Number Aman Current Future production What types of Area; (ha);Net cropped inundated damage; of production Boro prospect of Aman rice, assistance provided area(ha);Area (ha) Total area farmers (mt-clean production summer vegetables, local by the DAE to the inundated and affected rice) situation cash crops like turmeric, affected farmers? (ha) last T. (mt- clean beetle leaf etc (ha) Aman rice) (ha) Mr. Md. The Upazila consists of 2,905 Total 3,360 23,963 22,955 T.Aman-9330, T.Aman seedling NurulIsalam, Unions =11, =1805, Vegetables- for 30 farmers Upazila Agriculture Population = 3,81,438; T.Aman= 548,Mustard- and HYV Aus for Officer, Asasuni , Total area-37643 ha 1760 220,Potato-95 85 farmers Satkhira Net cropped area- (package of 5kg 15945 Major Cropping seed, 16kg urea, pattern=Boro-Fallow- T.Aman 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for I bigha Mr. The Upazila consists of 3,035 Total= 8,360 14,659 25,370 T.Aman- T.Aman seedling SujamnMajumder, 5 Unions=5, 1388, 5350,Vegetables- for 50 farmers Upazila Population = 120660; T.Aman= 500.Mustard- and HYV Aus for Agriculture Total area-17215; 1225 1250,Ptato-275 270 farmers Officer, Net cropped area- (package of 5kg 6300; Major Cropping Debhata Satkhira pattern=Boro-Fallow- seed, 16kg urea, Ta-.Aman 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for I bigha cultivation
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Mr. Md. Presented separately 6,300 Total= 54,100 21,895 64,075 T.Aman- T.Aman seedling G.N.A.Gafur, U AO, 4848, 8340,Vegetables- for 24 farmers Tala, Satkhira. And T.Aman= 1110,Pusle- and HYV Aus for Mr. Md. 2000 530,Mustard,340,Wheat- 820 farmers MahbuburRahman, 180,Potatao-450 (package of 5kg UNO seed, 16kg urea, 10kg DAP & 10kg MoP) for 1 bigha cultivation Mr. Dipak Kumar The Upazila consists of 5,800 Total= 29,352 51,450 67,000 T.aman- HYV Aus for 1380 Roy, UAO, Satkhira Unions=14, 4400, 18000,Vegetables- farmers (package Sadar, Satkhira Population = 410355; T.Aman= 2480,Pusle-585,Mustard- of 5kg seed, 16kg Total area-40348; 3200 2900,Wheat- urea, 10kg DAP & Net cropped area- 460,Potatao-800 10kg MoP) for 1 25230; Major Cropping bigha cultivation Pattern=Boro-Fallow- T.Aman Mr. Sanjoy Kumar, The Upazila consists 3,500 Total= 18,530 22,516 64,112 T.Aman 9373,Vegetable- HYV Aus for 1560 UAO, Keshabpur, of Unions=9, 2476 560,Wheat-360,Potato- &Nerika for 300 Jessore. Population = T.Aman= 320,Chilli-255,Onion- farmers (package 269275; Total 1516 250,Pulse-550 of 5kg seed, 16kg area=25903 ; urea, 10kg DAP & Net cropped 10kg MoP) for 1 area=20543; Major bigha cultivation Cropping Pattern= Boro-T.Aman-t.Aus
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Mr. Kazi Shah The Upazila consists 3,200 Total= 18,850 63,539 133,278 T.Aman25500, HYV Aus for Newaz,UAO, of Unions=16, 2145 Vegetables- 2350&Nerika for Monirampur, Population = T.Aman= 3135,Mustard- 550 farmers Jessore And Mr. 443661; Total 1680 1310,Pulse-1425,Potato- (package of 5kg MdZillurRahman, area-115000; 300,Oil-Seed-350 seed, 16kg urea, UNO, Net cropped 10kg DAP & 10kg Monirampur, area=83945; Major MoP) to cover I Jessore. Cropping pattern= bigha cultivation Boro-T.Aman- Vegetables-T.Aus
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RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS- FISHERIES
Key Current situation: Owners will go Is there Availability and Any assistance Name Any Possible response recommended Informants back production soon, can not any recent access to provided to the unions other for recovery in Fisheries sector do production taking loans to outbreak fisheries feed gher and fish pond worst issues as buy fingerlings and shrimp seed of disease and medicines owners by your affecte deemed etc. in case of Department d in relevant aquacultur terms e or in of ghers damag e to fishery Mr. Md. The Upazila is consisted with 11 For carp Feed are Only a damage Kulla, Cultural IMMEDIATE:River and adjoining MostafizurR unions having a population of and golda generally not report was Dorgap practice canals need to be reexcavated and ahman, 3,81,438. Total water resources culture, no used in fish and submitted to the ur, is very their connectivity with big river Assistant is 17885 ha of which carp area incidence shrimp culture. Department but no Kadakh tradition need to be established. (b). Leasing Fisheries constitute 16% (2925 ha), bagda of disease As such feeds assistance was ali, al. of Govtkhascanal through DCR Officer, 75% (13333 ha) and golda only has been are not provided. Sapnali, Modern should be stopped and kept open as Asasuni 9% (1627 ha).Fish and shrimp reported available locally Budhat culture Govt land for mass utilization. ©. Upazila, farmer started their production but for but if required a- need to Collateral free loan and training Satkhira soon after the damage. They bagda they can have it severel be should be provided, (d). Homestead arranged the money through culture either from y introduc level be raised by earth filling, (e) borrowing, taking loans from prevalence Khulna or from affecte ed, Aquaculture inputs be provided. bank/NGOs or selling their last of white Jessore. d and MID TERM: Training and capacity resources. Among the fisheries spot Medicines are Assasu building of the farmer (b). Effective production, bagda constitute disease is not available ni is policy implementation. LONG TERM: about 75%, golda 9% and carp about only because these partly Land zoning needed for crop, fish 16% only. Per hectare production 20%. The are not used. affecte and shrimp cultivation (b). of bagda, golda and carp is about main d. Infrastructure development and 250-300 kg, 500-600 kg and reason of electrification needed. (c) Fish 1500-2000kg respectively. bagda processing factory needed (d) Farmers are happy with the mortality Departmental man power needs to production and the intensity of was due to be increased (e) Union based
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production is increasing day by the farmers training centre or day. There are 63 fish and shrimp imbalance information centre needed. collecting Depo and 10 ice plant of physico- but no processing factory. There chemical is no facility for carp fingerling parameter and bagda/golda PL production. s of Possibilities for expansion of cage pond/gher farming of Tilapia, pangas and water crab within the water logged because area. water level of the ghers is very low. Mr. S.M. Farmers have started production. No disease Feeds are Nothing provided Kulla. Lacking IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining Rafiqul The production level is good and for carp generally not Kadakh Govt. canals need to be re-excavated and Islam, the farmers are happy. Bagda and fin used in fish and ali, Initiative their connectivity with big river Chairman, dominated area. Bagda fishes but shrimp culture. Sapnali, s for the needs to be established. (b). Bheri Kulla Union production is 80% of total shrimp shrimp As such feeds Charido recovery. Badh construction and renovation, Parishad, production. Besides, Tilapia, mortality are not rgapur, (c) Pond construction for supply of Assasuni bhetki, faisha etc. fin fish are happened. available locally Budhat sweet water for drinking, (d) Leasing Upazila grown along with bagda. Carp Prevalence but if required a, of Govtkhas canal through DCR production is not much- only for of viral they can have it Sreeoll should be stopped and kept open as family consumption. Water is disease is either from a -are Govt land for mass utilization (e). highly saline and may range from about 10- Khulna or from severly Homestead level be raised by earth 3-22 PPT. Poor farmers burrow 15%. Jessore. affecte filling, (f) Inputs for fisheries money sometimes from the Major Medicines are d. production be supplied. MID TERM: money lenders. Water logging mortality not available Modern aquaculture technology be remains 6-7 months from August happened because these introduced, (b) Planned gher to January/February. due to low are not used. farming, (c) Cyclone shelter water construction and renovation of the level, old ones, (d) Training and capacity higher building of the farmer, LONG TERM: water Govt. initiatives intensified, (b) temperatu Infrastructure development and re and PH electrification needed. (c) Fish values. processing factory needed and the
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processing methodology be transparent Mr. Md. The Upazila is consisted with 5 No disease Feeds are Only a damage Kulia, Fingerlin IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining Badruzzama unions having a population of for carp generally not report was Parulia g quality, canals need to be re excavated and n, Upazila 1,20,660. The water resources and fin used in fish and submitted to the and feed their connectivity with big river Fisheries cover an area of 16330 ha of fishes but shrimp culture. Department but no Noapar quality need to be established. (b). Leasing Officer, which bagda constitute 54% shrimp As such feeds assistance was a are and of Govt khas canal through DCR Debhata (8875 ha), golda 2% (365 ha) and mortality are not provided. severly linkage should be stopped and kept open as Upazila, carp 44% 97090 ha). Total happened. available locally affecte with feed Govt land for mass utilization. Satkhira fisheries production is about Prevalence but if required d supplier ©.Modern Culture technology be 9348 MT and annual requirement of viral they can have it wherea is introduced (d) Infrastructure in the is 1920 MT showing a surplus of disease is either from s needed gher area be developed, (e). about 7428 MT. Yearly about 10%. Khulna or from Debhat Homestead level be increased by production of carp, prawn and Major Jessore. a and earth filling, (f). Fisheries input be shrimp indicated an increasing mortality Medicines are Shakhip provided. MID TERM: Policy for trend over the years. There are happened not available ur are quality fingerling and PL be neither carp, golda and bagda due to low because these lightly introduced, (b) Quality fish/shrimp hatchery under Government water are not used. affecte feed supply be ensured, LONG intervention. Only 2 golda private level, d. TERM: Manpower be increased, (b) hatchery and 260 private carp higher Infrastructure development and nursery in private sector. The water electrification in gher area needed. Upazila is mainly Bagda temperatu (c) Fish processing factory needed dominating area which re and PH (d) Strong linkage with feed industry constitutes about 90% of total values. and medicine company needed (e) shrimp production of the Upazila. Union based farmers training centre Yearly production of fish and or information centre needed. shrimp is showing an increasing trend over the years. Water logging has not created any negative impact on total fish production of the area rather fisheries production has been increased. Personally some are affected. The Upazila has a surplus of fish production. Very wide scopes are existed for the
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expansion of cage culture of crab. Affected farmers arranged money from loans and selling of their last resources. Water logging remais for 4-5 months starting from August to December. Wide scope for crab fattening program. 60% of total exportable crab is exported from the Upazila. Mr. Md. The Upazila is consisted with 12 No disease Feeds are Only a damage Tetulia, Cultural IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining Abdul Bari, unions with a population of for carp generally not report was Islamka practice canals need to be re-excavated and Senior 2,94,400. Total water resources and fin used in fish and submitted to the thi, Tala is very their connectivity with big river Upazila are 12305 ha of which shrimp fishes but shrimp culture. Department but sadar, tradition needs to be established. (b). Gher Fisheries area constitute 57% (7016 ha) shrimp As such feeds nothing was Jalalpur al. farming should be planned way, (c) Officer and and carp area 43% (5289 ha). mortality are not provided , Modern Gher dikes should be wider and Mr. Md. Among fish production, shrimp happened. available locally accordingly. Some Dhandi culture stronger, (d) Infrastructure BazlurRahm and prawn represent 62% (4700 Prevalence but if required assistance through a, need to development is needed. (e) anSarder, MT) of total production (7567.69 of viral they can have it Aila project was Nagarg be Collateral free loan and training Assistant MT) while carp production is 38% disease is either from provided to some ata, introduc should be provided, (f). Alternative Fisheries (2867.69 MT). Mainly shrimp and about 20%. Khulna or from of the affected Kumira- ed, income generating activities be Officer, Tala prawn dominating area. Salinity Major Jessore. people. are provided, (g). Quality of PL and Upazila, ranges upto 15-16 PPT during the mortality Medicines are severel fingerling supply needed, (h). PCR Satkhira. peak seasons (May -June). Fish happened not available y Labouratory in the shrimp area is requirement is 6017.53 MT due to low because these affecte needed, (i) Coordination among the whereas production is 7567.69 water are not used. d participating Department is needed, MT showing a surplus of 1550.16 level, wherea (j). Homestead level be raised MT annually. Per hectare higher s Khalil through earth filling, (k). Fisheries production rate of prawn (golda) water Nagar, inputs be provided. MID TERM: 600-700 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda) temperatu Kholish Training and capacity building of the 250-300 kg/ha while carp is 1500- re and PH khali, farmer (b). Effective policy 2000 kg/ha which are considered values. Khesra, implementation, (c). Production lowest in the world. Fish Magura diversification & introduction of fry/fingerling production and modern cultural technology. LONG 49,00,000 while requirement Sorolia TERM: River and canal re- 2,65,12,980 showing a shortage are excavation on a regular basis, (b).
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of 2,16,12,980. Water logging partiall Infrastructure development and remains 4-5 months starting from y electrification needed. (c) Fish July-August to November- affecte processing factory needed (d) December. Some part of Tetulia d. Departmental man power needs to and Islamkathi is still under be increased (e) Union based water. Monosex Tilapia culture farmers training centre or has started in two unions information centre needed, (g). Salt (Dhandia and Nagarghata). Crab tolerant rice variety need to be fattening program has also been developed. started in two unions (Khalil Nagar and Khesra).There are two rivers namely Kapotakh and Shalta which are completely silted up, no water flow. Water exchange into the ghers not possible. Water level of the ghers very low, may be 1.5-2.5 feet only. Carp culture has not been expanding and flourishing all around. Even then over all fish production of the area is increasing. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 8000 peoples are directly and 30000 people are indirectly dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and employment generation. Mr. Md. Fisheries are not affected so Agreed Agreed with Agreed with UFO Agreed Agreed IMMEDIATE : Re-excavation of river MahbuburR much because these are not lost with UFO UFO with with UFO and canal and strengthening of inter ahman, for all. Positions are changed. UFO river net working, (b). Home stead
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Upazila Some farmers may be loser but level of the affected people need to Nirbahi overall production is not be raised through earth-filling, © Officer, Tala decreased. Farmers are doing the Inputs for beginning of the business Upazila, business with their own is needed. MID TERM: Collateral Satkhira initiatives. More scopes are free loan be provided, (b). Training existed for further development. both for Departmental staff and farmer be intensified and continued round the year. LONG TERM: Infrastructure development of the gher are needed along with electrification, (b) Production diversification with improved technology be introduced, (d) Departmental man power need to be increased. Mr. Md. The Satkhira Sadar Upazila is For carp Feeds are Only a damage Alipur, Cultural IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining Abdul consisted with 14 unions along and golda generally not report was Dhuliho practice canals need to be re-excavated and Wadud, with one Paurashav having a culture, no used in fish and submitted to the r, is very their connectivity with big river District population of 4,10,355. Total incidence shrimp culture. Department but no Daubha tradition needs to be established. (b). Gher Fisheries water resources 8770 ha of which of disease As such feeds assistance was nga, al. farming should be planned way, (c) Officer, shrimp area constitute 85% (7467 has been are not provided. Balli, Modern Gher dikes should be wider and Satkhira; ha) and carp area 15% (1303 ha). reported available locally Labsha culture stronger, (d) Infrastructure Mr. Nirmal Among fish production, shrimp but bagda but if required and need to development is needed. (e) . Kumar and prawn represent 22% (2580 culture they can have it Fingri- be Collateral free loan and training Ghose, MT) of total production (11550 prevalence either from are introduc should be provided, (f). Alternative Assistant MT) while carp production is 78% of white Khulna or from severel ed, income generating activities be Fisheries, (8970 MT). Mainly carp and other spot Jessore. y provided, (g). Fisheries input may be Satkhira finfish dominating area. Salinity disease is Medicines are affecte provided. MID TERM: Training and Sadar, ranges upto 10-12 PPT during the about only not available d while capacity building of the farmer (b). Satkhira peak seasons (May -June). Fish 20%. The because these Bashda Effective policy implementation, (c). requirement is 7488 MT whereas main are not used. ha, Production diversification & production is 11564 MT showing reason of Pushkh introduction of modern cultural a surplus of 4076 MT annually. bagda ali, technology. LONG TERM: River and Per hectare production rate of mortality Baikali, canal re-excavation on a regular prawn (golda) 400-500 kg/ha, was due to Buna, basis, (b). Infrastructure shrimp (bagda) 200-250 kg/ha the Shibpur development and electrification
Page | 54 while carp is 1500-2000 kg/ha imbalance , needed. (c) Fish processing factory which are considered lowest in of physico- Homra, needed (d) Departmental man the world. Fish fry/fingerling chemical Brahma power needs to be increased (e) production 49,00,000 while parameter rajpur, Union based farmers training centre requirement 2,65,12,980 showing s of Agarda or information centre needed. a shortage of 2,16,12,980. Water pond/gher dhi - logging remains 4-5 months water. are starting from July-August to partiall November-December. Some part y of Tetulia and Islamkathi is still affecte under water. Monosex Tilapia d. culture has started in two unions (Dhandia and Nagarghata). Crab fettening program has also been started in two unions (Khalil Nagar and Khesra).There are six rivers namely which are completely silted up, no water flow. Water exchange into the ghers not possible. Water level of the ghers very low, may be 1.5- 2.5 feet only. Fish, shrimp and prawn production is not encouraging. Even then over all fish production of the area is increasing. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 8000 peoples are directly and 25000 people are indirectly dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and
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employment generation. Mr. Md. The Upazila is consisted with 9 For carp Limited feeds Only a damage Bidhya Very IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining Hadiuzzama unions along with one Paurashav and golda are generally report was nandak tradition canals need to be re-excavated and n, Upazila having a population of 2,69,275. culture, no used in fish submitted to the athi, al their connectivity with big river Fisheries Total water resources 7350 ha of incidence culture. But for Department but no Shagar technolo needs to be established. (b) Officer, Mr. which prawn constitute 57% of disease golda and assistance was Dari, gy had Bheribadharround the beel area Md. (4203 ha), shrimp area 9% (664 has been bagda culture provided. SufalaK been needed (c). Infrastructure AlamgirKabi ha) and carp area 34% (2483 ha). reported nothing is used. athi, used, development is needed. (e) . r, Assistant Among fish production, prawn but bagda Feeds are Gaurib Modern Collateral free loan and training Fisheries represent 9% (610 MT), shrimp culture available locally. ona- technolo should be provided, (f). Alternative Officer and 2.5% (180 MT) and carp 88.5% prevalence Medicines are are gy be income generating activities be Mr. Md. (6114 MT) of total production of white not available severel introduc provided, (g). Fisheries input may be AmanUllah, (6904 MT). Mainly carp and other spot because these y ed for provided. MID TERM: Training and Extension finfish dominating area. Salinity is disease is are not used. affecte producti capacity building of the farmer (b). Officer, not significant. Fish requirement about only d while on Effective policy implementation, (c). Keshabpur is 4816 MT whereas production is 20%. The Trimohi intensific Production diversification & Upazila, 6904 MT showing a surplus of main ni, ation. introduction of modern cultural Jessore. 42088 MT annually. Per hectare reason of Pajia, technology, (d). Feed quality and production rate of prawn (golda) bagda Mangal carp fingerling quality need to be 100-150 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda) mortality kot, maintained. LONG TERM: River and 200-270 kg/ha while carp is 1500- was due to Mazidp canal re-excavation on a regular 2000 kg/ha which are considered the ur gram basis, (b). Infrastructure lowest in the world. Fish imbalance and development and electrification fry/fingerling production is 273 of physico- Keshab needed. (c) Fish processing factory Lakh while the requirement is chemical pur - needed (d) Departmental man 395 Lakh showing a shortage of parameter are power needs to be increased (e) 122 Lakh annually. Golda and s of partiall Union based farmers training centre bagda PL are not produced here pond/gher y or information centre needed. but have a demand of 3.30 Lakh water. affecte and 1.45 lakh respectively. Water d. logging remains 4-5 months starting from July-August to November-December. Monosex Tilapia culture has started showing a production of 30-35 kg/decimal. Fish, shrimp and
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prawn production is increasing. Affected peoples started their business immediately after the damage. They manage their money through loans from bank, NGO and selling their resources. About 9575 peoples are directly and 25000 people are indirectly dependent on fisheries activities. More chances are there for greater fisheries production and employment generation. Mr. H. M. The Upazila is consisted with 16 For carp Limited feeds Only a damage Shanku Inbreedi IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining Badruzzama unions along with one Paurashav and golda are generally report was r, ng of canals need to be re-excavated and n, Upazila having a population of 4,43,661. culture, no used. Feeds are submitted to the Monoh carp their connectivity with big river Fisheries Total water resources15077 ha of incidence available locally Department but no orpur, fingerling needs to be established. (b) Officer, which prawn area 34% (5132 ha) of disease but if required assistance was Kultia, is going Bheribadharround the beel area Monirampur and carps constitute 66% (9945 has been more they can provided. Nehalp to be a needed (c). Infrastructure , Jessore. ha). Among fisheries production, reported. have it either ur, real development is needed. (e) . prawn represent 37% (7200 MT) from Khulna or Durbad threat Collateral free loan and training of total production (19410 MT) from Jessore. anga, for should be provided, (f). Alternative while carp production is 63% Medicines are Horidas aquacult income generating activities be (12210 MT). Mainly carp and not available khali, ure. provided, (g). Fisheries input may be other finfish dominating area. because these Dhakuri provided. MID TERM: Training and Fish requirement is 9068 MT are not used. a, capacity building of the farmer (b). whereas production is 19410 MT Morshi Effective policy implementation, (c). showing a surplus of 10342 MT m Production diversification & annually. Per hectare production Nagar, introduction of modern cultural rate of prawn (golda) 400-500 Japa, technology, (d). Feed quality and kg/ha while carp is 2000- Horihor carp fingerling quality need to be 2500kg/ha which are considered nagar maintained, (e). Fish sanctuary lowest in the world. Fish and establishment and water control fry/fingerling production 305 Chalua structure, (f) Fish regulation Lakh while requirement is 798 hati- implementation. LONG TERM: River Lakh showing a shortage of 493 are and canal re-excavation on a regular Lakh. Water logging remains 3-4 severel basis, (b). Infrastructure
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months starting from July-August y development and electrification to November-December. affecte needed. (c) Fish processing factory Adjoining rivers and canal have d while needed (d) Departmental man been silted up. Monosex Tilapia rohita, power needs to be increased (e) culture has started showing a Kashim Union based farmers training centre production of 4-5 MT/ ha. Nagar, or information centre needed. (f). Affected peoples started their Rosegat Fisheries insurance be introduced. business immediately after the i, damage. They manage their Khedep money through loans from bank, ara, NGO and selling their resources. Kolanp About 65000 peoples are ur are dependent on fisheries activities. partiall More chances are there for y greater fisheries production and affecte employment generation. d. Mr. The Upazila is blessed with Prevalence For carp and Nothing significant Shanku IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining MdZillurRah enormous aquatic resources of fish golda culture provided from the r, canals need to be re-excavated and man, UNO, having surplus fish production. disease limited amount Department. Monoh their connectivity with big river Monirampur The extend of beel areas has not of feeds are orpur, needs to be established. (b) , Jessore. represent an unique potentiality been used but all Kultia, Bheribadharround the beel area to boost up fisheries production. found feed staff is Nehalp needed (c). Infrastructure But the current culture practice is locally available. ur, development is needed. (e) . not scientific. Water logging is a Durbad Collateral free loan and training real threat to the people but not anga, should be provided, (f). Alternative so much harmful for fisheries Horidas income generating activities be production. Simply the ownership khali, provided, (g). Fisheries input may be may be changed. Attempts are Dhakuri provided. MID TERM: Training and very much warranted for a, capacity building of the farmer (b). production intensification and Morshi Production diversification & diversification. All the adjoining m introduction of modern cultural rivers have been silted up. The Nagar, technology, (c). Fish sanctuary activities of BWDB is not know. Japa, establishment and water control Horihor structure, LONG TERM: River and nagara canal re-excavation on a regular nd basis, (b). Infrastructure
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Chalua development and electrification hati- needed. (c) Fish processing factory are needed (d) Departmental man severel power needs to be increased (e) y Union based farmers training centre affecte or information centre needed. d while rohita, Kashim Nagar, Rosegat i, Khedep ara, Kolanp ur are partiall y affecte d. Mr. Md. Jessore district is blessed with For carp Limited feeds Only a damage Agreed Inbreedi IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining Ramjan Ali, enormous water resources and golda are generally report was with ng of canals need to be re-excavated and DFO, thereby producing sufficient culture, no used. Feeds are submitted to the UFOs. carp their connectivity with big river Jessore; Mr. amount of fishes. The district has incidence available locally Department but no fingerling needs to be established. (b) Md. a surplus of fish production. It is of disease but if required assistance was is going Bheribadharround the beel area MizanurRah also blessed with numerous beel has been more they can provided. to be a needed, (c). Infrastructure man, Project and baor areas wherein fisheries reported have it either real development is needed. (e) . Director, production can be increased but bagda from Khulna or threat Collateral free loan and training Bhabodah manifolds. Though the district culture from Jessore. for should be provided, (f). Alternative Project; Mr. has a surplus of fish production prevalence Medicines are aquacult income generating activities be BishwajitBai even the per hectare production of white not available ure. provided, (g). Fisheries input may be ragi, Senior is far below the standard rate. spot because these provided, (h). homestead level be Upazila Water logging creates a great disease is are not used. raised through earth filling.. MID Fisheries havoc to the people in general about only TERM: Training and capacity Officer, but plays a positive role for 20%. The building of the farmer (b). Effective Jessore increased fisheries production. main policy implementation, (c).
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Sadar The affected farmers start their reason of Production diversification & Upazila, cultural activities even after the bagda introduction of modern cultural Jessore. damage. They arrange the money mortality technology, (d). Feed quality and through borrowing from bank, was due to carp fingerling quality need to be NGOs and sometimes from the the maintained, (e). Fish sanctuary money lenders. We have great imbalance establishment and water control potentialities for increased of physico- structure, (f) Fish regulation fisheries production and chemical implementation. LONG TERM: River employment generation. parameter and canal re-excavation on a regular s of basis, (b). Infrastructure pond/gher development and electrification water. needed. (c) Fish processing factory needed (d) Departmental man power needs to be increased (e) Union based farmers training centre or information centre needed. (f). Fisheries insurance be introduced.
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Factsheets on Rehabilitation Activities by Agencies
Satkhira Flooding and Water Logging: Overview of WFP Emergency Assistance
1. Information at a glance : a) First Phase: Emergency Relief Food and Cash Distributions, August 2011-Feb 2012 Beneficiaries a) Immediate Relief (ready-to-eat food, i.e. fortified Biscuits) : 35,000 families Assisted: b) General Food and Cash Distribution: 30,000 families (~120,000 beneficiaries), c) Supplementary Feeding ( 9840 children 6-59 months, 2467 pregnant and lactating women): 12,307 beneficiaries
Relief Food and Cash a) Immediate Relief, 18-30 August 2011: 3 kg of biscuits (40 packets)/family Distributions: General Food and Cash Distributions (4 months): b) 1st month distribution, 04 Oct- 30 Oct 2011: 40 kg rice & 3 kg pulses/ family (@260g rice & 20 g pulses/person/day) c) 2nd month distribution, 17 Nov-23 Dec 2011: 40 kg rice & 3 kg pulses & 4 litre veg. oil/family (veg. oil was complemented by Care) d) 3rd month distribution, 21 Dec-15 Jan 2012: 15 kg rice & BDT 1000/family e) 4th month distribution, 2 Feb- 15 Feb 2012: BDT 1500/family Supplementary Feeding (Distribution of fortified blended food (5 months): f) Oct 2011 - Feb 2012: 6 kg per beneficiary/month (@200g/beneficiary/day)
Duration of August 2011-Feb 2012 Assistance: Immediate Relief : 1 week
General Food and Cash Distribution: 4 months Supplementary Feeding : 5 months
Operational Area Satkhira district: Satkhira Sadar , Tala , Assasuni , Debhata & Kalaroa upazilas,
Jessore district: Keshabpur upazila
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Implementing NGOs Shushilan ( for Satkhira Sadar, Tala, Assasuni, Debhata upazilas),
MuslimAid (for Kalaroa, Keshabpur upazilas)
Funding ECHO: Euro 1.5 million, DFID : US$670,900, Aus Aid : 105 MT HEB, WFP : 450 MT rice and US$ 0.4 million
b) Second Phase: Recovery Assistance, March-Dec 2012 a) Cash-for-work : 9600 HHs Beneficiaries b) Cash-for-training : 3000 HHs Targeted c) Blanket supplementary feeding : 17,500 (up to April) and 24713 in May d) Targeted supplementary feeding : 14,200 (to be selected through screening process) March – Dec 2012 Duration of a) Cash-for-work : 60 days work during March – June 2012 Assistance: b) Cash-for-training : March – June and July – December 2012 c) Blanket supplementary feeding: Three months distribution during March – May/June 2012. d) Targeted supplementary feeding (CMAM) : will start from May/June 2012 Satkhira and Jessore district: a) Cash-for-Work and Cash-for-training: Satkhira Sadar upazila b) Blanket Supplementary Feeding: Satkhira sadar, Tala, Assasuni, Debhata, and Kalaroa Operational Area upazilas of Satkhira district and Keshabpur upazila of Jessore district c) Targeted supplementary Feeding - Satkhira sadar, Tala, Assasuni and Debhata upazilas of Satkhira district.
Implementing Shushilan (for Cash-for-work/training and Blanket supplementary feeding) partner/NGO ACF ( for targeted supplementary feeding)
ECHO : Euro 3 million (approx.) Funding a) Food Security (Cash-for-work and cash-for- training) : Euro 2 million b) Nutrition component : Euro 1 million
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered CWW UKaid FRESH (shelter) 01/02/12 31/1/13 Keshobpur Biddyanondokati 603
Sagordari 297
Sufolakati 141
Manirampur Jhapa 143 … Monoharpur 88
Mushim Nagor 131
Total 2 upazilla 6 union 1403
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Shushilan ECHO CFW 01/01/12 30/6/12 Satkhira sadar Labsha 1760 Baikeri 1093 Dulihor 1110 Fingri 750 Municipality 1272 Brommyorajpur 695 Bally 1090 Zaudanga 1830 Shushilan ECHO CFT 01/01/12 30/06/12 Satkhira Sadar Labsha 640 Baikeri 107 Dulihor 170 Fingri 100
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Municipality 928 Brommyorajpur 155 Bally 300 Zaudanga 570 Baikeri 109 Shushilan ECHO WSB 7297 Shushilan UK Aid FRESH (shelter) Ist Feb/12 31 st Jan /13 Tasla Islam khati 950 Shushilan UK Aid FRESH (shelter) Ist Feb/12 31 st Jan /13 Satkhira Baikeri 297 Shushilan UK Aid FRESH (shelter) Ist Feb/12 31 st Jan /13 Satkhira Dulihor 464
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Concern Concern Dry Food Distribution 01/06/09 30/06/09 Koyra and Uttar Bedkashi, 9000 Worldwide Worldwide Shyamnagor Atulia’ Burigoalani, Munshigonj, Ishwaripur, Ramjannagor Kashimari Maharajpur Padmapukur, Gabura Concern Irish Aid Food Relief 14/06/09 30/07/09 Koyra and Uttar Bedkashi, 4450 Worldwide Shyamnagor Padmapukur, Gabura Burigoalani Concern JOA Food relief 14/06/09 30/07/09 Koyra and Uttar Bedkashi, 3780 Worldwide Shyamnagor Kora Sador, Padmapukur, Gabura
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Concern ECHO and Complete Shelter 1/7/09 31/12/09 Koyra and Uttar Bedkashi, 524 Worldwide Concern Shelter repairing Shyamnagor Kora Sador, 1638 Worldwide DTW Padmapukur, 31 Household latrines 524 Emergency latrines 20 CFW 1400 for 50 days Blanket distribution 3562 Concern UNICEF and DTW 25/08/2009 24/10/2009 Assasuni, Gabura 18 Worldwide Concern DTW repair Shyamnagar Maharajpur 5 Worldwide Construction of PSF and Koyra Padmapukur 4 PSF Repair Uttarbedkasi 21 Pond cleaning Koyra Sadar 21 Emergency Latrines Protapnagar 231 Rain Water Collection 80 NFI Distribution 2100 Concern UNICEF and DTW 20/12/09 20/03/2010 Assasuni, Gabura 25 Worldwide Concern Bathroom construction Shyamnagar Maharajpur 24 Worldwide Emergency Latrines and Koyra Padmapukur 300 Emergency Latrines Repair Uttarbedkasi 250 Latrine dislodging Koyra Sadar 200 NFI Distribution Protapnagar 2000 Concern ECHO Shelter repair 15/01/10 14/4/11 Baghali, Uttar 450 Worldwide Shelter construction Bedkashi and 275 CFW Padmapukur 2622 for 65 days Fishing boat & net 60 Nursery establishment 4 Cash For Training 600 Emergency Latrines 110
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Pond rehabilitation 6 Hygiene kit & promotion 2052 DTW 19 PSF construction 9 Sanitary Latrine 1425 Mass awareness raising 9 performance through picture drama Concern ECHO CFW 01/09/2011 28/02/2012 Paadmapukur and 8901 for 52 Worldwide Gabura days CFT 8901 on four topics Concern UNICEF and DTW Installation 01/10/10 1/09/2011 Padmapukur, 9 Worldwide Concern Installation of Rain Water Gabura under 74 Worldwide Harvesting (3200 liter) shyamnagor Water trucking Upazilla and 1020 Water container distribution Assasuni Sadaor, 3400 latrine construction (HH 220 level) latrine repair and dislodging 170 Hygiene kit distribution 3400 Pot song for the community 19 performance Health session 50 Water supply at schools - 5 Rain Water Harvesting (25,000lt) Sanitation facilities and 10 Urinals at school Concern ECHO CFW 1/2/12 30/6/12 Keshobpur Sagordari, 2874 Worldwide (2nd Phase) Bidanandokati,
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Shufalakathi CFT 1/2/12 30/6/12 Keshobpur Sagordari, 2874 Bidanandokati, Shufalakathi Concern UK Aid Shelter construction 1/2/12 31/1/13 Keshobpur and Sagordari, 1403 Worldwide Monirampur Bidanandokati, Shufalakathi, Jhanpa, Monohorpur, Maswimnagar Concern ECHO CFW 1/9/11 31/1/12 Keshobpur Sagordari, 2700 Worldwide Bidanandokati CFT Keshobpur Sagordari, 1018 Bidanandokati Household latrines Keshobpur Sagordari, 450 Bidanandokati DTW installation Keshobpur Sagordari, 420 Bidanandokati DTW rehabilitation Keshobpur Sagordari, 300 Bidanandokati Hygiene kit distribution and Keshobpur Sagordari, 2700 sensitization Bidanandokati Shelter repairing Keshobpur Sagordari, 450 Bidanandokati NFI Winter kit Keshobpur Sagordari, 2700 Bidanandokati
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Save the ECHO CFW – 1st Phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 0 Children Tetulia 152 1100 HH Islamkathi 205 Nagarghata 571 Khesra 172 Kumira 0 Save the ECHO CFT – 1st Phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 114 Children Tetulia 286 750 HH Islamkathi 100 Nagarghata 150 Khesra 0 Kumira 100 Save the ECHO HH Latrine – 1st Phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 54 Children Tetulia 75 403 HH Islamkathi 103 Nagarghata 49 Khesra 51 Kumira 71 Save the ECHO Installation of DTW – 1st phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 5 Children Tetulia 7 40 DTW Islamkathi 3 Nagarghata 12 Khesra 2 Kumira 11 Save the ECHO Hygiene kit & Sensitization – 01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 571 Children 1st Phase Tetulia 1429 Islamkathi 400 4200 HH Nagarghata 800 Khesra 500 Kumira 500
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Save the ECHO Repairing Shelter- 1 st phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 16 Children Tetulia 115 154 HH Islamkathi 23 Nagarghata 0 Khesra 0 Kumira 0 Save the ECHO NFI: Winter kit – 1st phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Tala Tala Sadar 571 Children Tetulia 1429 4200 HH Islamkathi 400 Nagarghata 800 Khesra 500 Kumira 500 Save the ECHO CFT – 1st Phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 120 Children Nowapara 50 350 HH Parulia 150 Save the ECHO HH Latrine – 1st Phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 53 Children 72 HH Nowapara 0 Parulia 19 Save the ECHO Installation of DTW – 1st phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 5 Children 10 HH Nowapara 3 Parulia 2 Save the ECHO Hygiene kit & Sensitization – 01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 500 Children 1st Phase Nowapara 600 1500 HH Parulia 400 Save the ECHO Repairing Shelter- 1st phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 40 Children Nowapara 0 56 HH Parulia 16 Save the ECHO NFI: Winter kit – 1st phase 01/09/11 29/02/12 Debhata Kulia 500 Children Nowapara 600 Parulia 400
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Save the ECHO CFW – 2nd Phase 01/03/12 31/07/12 Tala Tala Sadar 518 Children Tetulia 1092 3770 HH Islamkathi 1075 Khesra 610 Nagarghata 475 Save the ECHO CFT – 2nd Phase 01/03/12 31/07/12 Tala Tala Sadar 518 Children Tetulia 1092 3770 HH Islamkathi 1075 Khesra 610 Nagarghata 475 Save the CBHA NFI and Shelter Kits 15/08/11 31/08/11 Tala Tala sadar 600 Children Tetulia 400 Islam Kati 220 DANIDA Establish Child friendly spaces 01/09/11 15/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 50 (25 CFS) Tetulia 400 Islam Kati 175 Children CFW 01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 25 Emergency Fund Tetulia 125 Islam Kati 50 Cash Donation 01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 25 Tetulia 140 Islam Kati 75 WATSAN support to Primary 01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 2 school Tetulia 5 Islam Kati 3 Education materials support 01/10/11 31/01/12 Tala Tala sadar 50 to children Tetulia 400 Islam Kati 175
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered
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Muslim Aid ECHO CFW 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala Tala Sadar 1150
Assasuni Shovnali 750 Kadakati 600 Kullah 430 Dargapur 110 Debhata Parulia 420 Kulia 1865 Nayapara 275 CFT 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala Tala Sadar 1150 Assasuni Shovnali 750 Kadakati 600 Kullah 430 Dargapur 110 Debhata Parulia 420 Kulia 1865 Nayapara 275
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Muslim Aid led ECHO Cash for Work(CFW) & Cash 01/02/12 01/06/12 Tala Khalish Khali 1150 Consortium for Training(CFT) under Khesra 1150 (Christian Aid, Dan “Recovery Support to the Khalil Nagar 850 Church Aid flood affected and Dhandia 1610
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered &Muslim Aid) continually water Logged Sorulia 650 families of south west Kumira 740 Bangladesh” - 2nd Phase Nagarghata 650 Water Logged Project. Tala Sadar 1150 Kalaroa Deawara 1220 Debhata Parulia 420 Kulia 1865 Nayapara 275 Ashashuni Shovnali 750 Kadakati 600 Khullah 430 Dargapur 110 13620 Muslim Aid led ECHO Integrated relief 01/09/12 31/01/12 Tala Tala 1750 Consortium assistance to the most Islamkathi 1300 (Christian Aid, Dan vulnerable HHs hit by the Khesra 1270 Church Aid & 2011 monsoon in Khalishkhali 730 Bangladesh”-1st Phase Muslim Aid) Dhandia 1500 Water Logged Project. Tala 1750 -Emergency Shelter Kits: Satkhira Sadar Jhawdanga 1700 1500 Labsha 1750 -Transitional Shelter :200 2 7 10000 -Latrine:1500 -Cash For Work(CFW):5000 - Cash for Training(CFT):2000 - TW Renovation: 200 - Water Container: 10000 -NFI(WASH +Winter kit+ Water Tank ):10000
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Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered ActionAid ECHO CFW 01/01/12 11/06/12 Tala Tala sadar 600 Bangladesh (Under NARRI Islamkathi 500 consortium) Tetulia 500 Kumira 900 Magura 600 ActionAid ECHO CFT 01/01/12 20/06/12 Tala Tala sadar 600 Bangladesh (Under NARRI FRESH (shelter) Islamkathi 500 consortium) Tetulia 500 Kumira 900 Magura 600 ActionAid DFID FRESH (shelter) 01/02/2012 31/01/2013 Tala Kumira 457 Bangladesh (Under NARRI Magura 426 consortium) Khalishkhali 959
Organization Funded Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH by* covered Muslim Aid led ECHO Integrated relief assistance to the most 01/09/12 31/01/12 Tala Tala 1750 Consortium vulnerable HHs hit by the 2011 monsoon Islamkathi 1300 st (Christian Aid, Dan in Bangladesh”-1 Phase Water Logged Khesra 1270 Project. Church Aid & Khalishkhali 730 Muslim Aid) -Emergency Shelter Kits: 1500 Dhandia 1500 -Transitional Shelter :200 Tala 1750 -Latrine:1500 Satkhira Jhawdanga 1700 -Cash For Work(CFW):5000 Sadar Labsha 1750 - Cash for Training(CFT):2000 2 7 10000 - TW Renovation: 200
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- Water Container: 10000 -NFI(WASH +Winter kit+ Water Tank ):10000
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered DCA (DSK is DG ECHO & Civil CFW 01/02/12 30/04/12 Tala Dhandia 1610 implementing Protection. Sarulia 650 partner) Nagarghata 650 Kumira 740 DCA (DSK is DG ECHO & Civil CFW 01/02/12 30/04/12 Kolaroa Deara 1220 implementing Protection. partner) DCA (DSK is DG ECHO & Civil CFT 01/05/12 30/06/12 Tala Dhandia 1610 implementing Protection. Sarulia 650 partner) Nagarghata 650 Kumira 740 DCA (DSK is DG ECHO & Civil CFT 01/05/12 30/06/12 Kolaroa Deara 1220 implementing Protection. partner)
Number of HH Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions covered
ACF ECHO Cash for training 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 1239
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Number of HH Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions covered
Shovnali 717
Kadakathi 546 Assasuni Kulla 391
Dorgapur 91
Debhata Kulia 53
Shovnali 74 Unconditional ACF ECHO 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Kadakathi 49 Cash Grant Assasuni Kulla 62
Dorgapur 20
Debhata Kulia 507
Shovnali 354 Cash for work ACF ECHO 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Kadakathi 321 Assasuni Kulla 220
Dorgapur 63
ACF ECHO Emergency 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 9 sets
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Number of HH Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions covered
latrines Shovnali 5 sets
Kadakathi 5 sets Assasuni Kulla 1 set
Dorgapur 0 set
Debhata Kulia 167
Shovnali 47 Household ACF ECHO 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Kadakathi 79 Latrines Assasuni Kulla 3
Dorgapur 4
Debhata Kulia 5 Sets
Shovnali 6 Sets Community ACF ECHO 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Kadakathi 5 Sets latrines Assasuni Kulla 8 Sets
Dorgapur 1 Set
ACF ECHO Tube well 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 24 tube well
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Number of HH Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions covered
rehabilitation Shovnali 19 tube well
Kadakathi 4 tube well Assasuni Kulla 3 tube well
Dorgapur 0 tube well
Debhata Kulia 0
Shovnali 0 Water purification ACF ECHO 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Kadakathi 334 Kits Assasuni Kulla 216
Dorgapur 0
Debhata Kulia 1817
Shovnali 1096
ACF ECHO Hygiene kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Kadakathi 886 Assasuni Kulla 633
Dorgapur 162
ACF ECHO Hygiene 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 1794
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Number of HH Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions covered
promotion Shovnali 1617 sessions Kadakathi 1386 Assasuni Kulla 1036
Dorgapur 118
Debhata Kulia 79
Shovnali 45
ACF ECHO Winter kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Kadakathi 44 Assasuni Kulla 28
Dorgapur 4
Debhata Kulia 1130
Shovnali 842 Winter kits ACF ECHO 20/12/2011 20/02/2011 Kadakathi 776 Assasuni Kulla 473
Dorgapur 129
ACF ECHO Shelter 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Debhata Kulia 102
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Number of HH Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions covered
Rehabilitation Shovnali 45 /construction Kadakathi 45 Assasuni Kulla 3
Dorgapur 5
Debhata Kulia 503
Shovnali 159
ACF ECHO Shelter Kits 15/09/2012 15/03/2012 Kadakathi 162 Assasuni Kulla 160
Dorgapur 16
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH Implementing covered partner NGO Concern Cordaid Emergency Food 01/10/2011 31/10/2011 Tala Jalal Nagar 180 Ashroy Foundation Universal (CU) packages Khalil Nagar 180 Ashroy Foundation Khesra 180 Ashroy Foundation Per House hold (HH) support – Ashroy Foundation Rice-10 kg Tala Sadar 180 Potato-2 kg Asasuni Durgapur 180 Ashroy Foundation
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Musuri dal-2 kg Asasuni Sadar 180 Ashroy Foundation Onion-1 kg MJF, Satkhira Salt-1 kg Kaligonj Nalta 180 Soyabin oil-1 kg Debhata Parulia 180 Ashroy Foundation Sugar-1 kg Ashroy Foundation Suji-1 kg, Kulia 180 Body soap-1 piece Nawapara 180 MJF, Satkhira Soap(wash)-1 piece Fire lighter -1 piece Concern Cordaid Installation of Tube 01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 100 Ashroy Foundation Universal (CU) wells Khalil Nagar 100 Ashroy Foundation Khesra 100 Ashroy Foundation 100 community based tube Asasuni Durgapur 100 Ashroy Foundation wells installed, 10 in each Asasuni Sadar 100 Ashroy Foundation union, Approximately 10 Kaligonj Nalta 100 MJF, Satkhira households is benefiting Ashroy Foundation from each tube well. Debhata Parulia 100 Paikgacha Haridhali 100 Ashroy Foundation (Khulna) Kapilmuni 100 Ashroy Foundation Monirampur Mosimnagar 100 DRO, Jessore (Jessore) Concern Cordaid Installation of Sanitary 01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 50 Ashroy Foundation Universal (CU) Latrines Khalil Nagar 50 Ashroy Foundation Khesra 50 Ashroy Foundation Total 500 households Asasuni Durgapur 50 Ashroy Foundation based latrines installed Asasuni Sadar 50 Ashroy Foundation Kaligonj Nalta 50 MJF, Satkhira Debhata Parulia 50 Ashroy Foundation Paikgacha Haridhali 50 Ashroy Foundation (Khulna) Kapilmuni 50 Ashroy Foundation Monirampur Mosimnagar 50 DRO, Jessore (Jessore) Concern Cordaid Construction of new 01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 10 Ashroy Foundation Universal (CU) houses Khalil Nagar 10 Ashroy Foundation Khesra 10 Ashroy Foundation
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Total 100 new houses Asasuni Durgapur 10 Ashroy Foundation constructed Asasuni Sadar 10 Ashroy Foundation Kaligonj Nalta 10 MJF, Satkhira Debhata Parulia 10 Ashroy Foundation Paikgacha Haridhali 10 Ashroy Foundation (Khulna) Kapilmuni 10 Ashroy Foundation Monirampur Mosimnagar 10 DRO, Jessore (Jessore) Concern Cordaid Repair of damaged 01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 20 Ashroy Foundation Universal (CU) houses Khalil Nagar 20 Ashroy Foundation Khesra 20 Ashroy Foundation Total 200 damaged houses Asasuni Durgapur 20 Ashroy Foundation repaired Asasuni Sadar 20 Ashroy Foundation Kaligonj Nalta 20 MJF, Satkhira Debhata Parulia 20 Ashroy Foundation Paikgacha Haridhali 20 Ashroy Foundation (Khulna) Kapilmuni 20 Ashroy Foundation Monirampur Mosimnagar 20 DRO, Jessore (Jessore) Concern Cordaid Distribution of winter 01/11/2011 29/02/2012 Tala Jalal Nagar 300 Ashroy Foundation Universal (CU) vegetable seeds Khalil Nagar 300 Ashroy Foundation Khesra 300 Ashroy Foundation Total 3,000 packets of Asasuni Durgapur 300 Ashroy Foundation winter vegetable seeds Asasuni Sadar 300 Ashroy Foundation distributed Kaligonj Nalta 300 MJF, Satkhira Debhata Parulia 300 Ashroy Foundation Paikgacha Haridhali 300 Ashroy Foundation (Khulna) Kapilmuni 300 Ashroy Foundation Monirampur Mosimnagar 300 DRO, Jessore
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(Jessore)
Support so Number of HH Organization Funded by* Start time End Time Upazila Unions far** covered Jalalpur 1190 Kshesra 818 SI ECHO (Phase - 1) CFW 01/01/12 01/03/12 Tala Khalishkhalli 524 Magura 429 Total 2961 Jalalpur 388 Kshesra 164 SI ECHO (Phase - 1) CFT 01/01/12 01/03/12 Tala Khalishkhalli 146 Magura 122 Total 820 Support so Number of HH Organization Funded by* Start time End Time Upazila Unions far** covered Jalalpur 1291 ECHO (Phase - 2) Kshesra 912 SI CFW 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala Ongoing Khalishkhalli 1011 Magura 655 Total 3869 Jalalpur 1291 ECHO (Phase - 2) Kshesra 912 SI CFT 01/02/12 30/06/12 Tala Ongoing Khalishkhalli 1011 Magura 655 Total 3869 Number of HH Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions covered SI DFID SHELTER + 01/02/12 01/31/12 Tala Jalalpur 979
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Ongoing Latrine Kshesra 322 Surulia 99 Dhandia 92 Tala 179 Kumira 202 Total 1873
Islamic Relief
District Upazilla Union Satkhira Sadar Labsha Balli SL Activity Total target Balli Labsha Total Achievement Target Achievement Target Achievement 1 Cash for Training 850 family 425 Family 425 Family 425 Family 425 Family 850 Family Cash distribute 2550000 BDT 1275000BDT 1275000BDT 1275000BDT 1275000BDT 25500000 BDT 2 Hygiene kit distribution 1800 family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 1800 Family
3 Cash for Work 750 family 375 Family 375 Family 375 Family 375 Family 750 Family
4 Provision of HH Latrines 70 family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 70 Family
5 Deep tube well 5 nos 0 0 5 5 5 Complete installation 6 Tube well repairing 6 nos 0 0 6 6 6 Complete
7 Shelter construction 70 family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 35 Family 70 Family
8 Shelter repairing 60 family 30 Family 30 Family 30 Family 30 Family 60 Family
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9 Winter kit distribution 1800 Family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 900 Family 1800 Family
Organization Funded by* Support so far** Start time End Time Upazila Unions Number of HH covered Islamic Relief Worldwide ECHO CFW 01/02/12 03/06/12 Monirampur Monoharpur 1127 Bangladesh CFT 8/5/2012 10/6/2012 Monoharpur CFW 01/02/2012 7/6/2012 Keshobpur Biddanandankati 713 CFT 8/5/2012 10/6/12 Biddanandankati CFW 1/02/2012 7/6/2012 Keshobpur Sagardari 500 CFT 8/5/2012 12/6/2012 Sagordari Total 2340 Islamic Relief Worldwide DFID FRESH (shelter) 01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Jhaudanga 120 Bangladesh 01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Balli 555 01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Labsha 480 01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Brahmmarajpur 276 01-02-12 31-01-13 Satkhira ( S ) Fingri 292 01-02-12 31-01-13 Debhata Kulia 383 Total 2106
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Beneficiary Distribution-FRESH project Working Working Unions Beneficiary per District INGO PNGO Upazilla Unions (As (revised and union per PP) final) Debhata Kulia Kulia 383 Brammarajpur 276 Operational Balli, Lebsha, Zhawdanga 120 IRW (self- Satkhira Zhaudanga, Fringri 292 implementation) sadar Fingri, Balli 555 Brahmarajpur, Labsha 480 Total (a) 2106 Nagarghata, Nagarghata 374 Samadhan Tala Khalilnagar khalilnagar 697 Care Tala Islamkati Islamkathi 950 Sushilan Satkhira Dulihar 464 Dhulihar , Baikari sadar baikari 297 Total (b) 2782 Jalalpur 980 Satkhira tala 179 Operational Jalalpur, Keshra, kumira 212 SI (self- Tala Sarulia Keshra implementation) 311 dhandia 92 Sarulia 99 Total (c) 1873 Dalit Kumira , Kumira 457 AAB Bhumija Tala Khalishakhali Khalishakhali 959 Foundation and Magura Magura 426 Total (d) 1842 Tala Sadar, Tetulia 603 OGB Banchte Sekha Tala Tentulia, Tala szadar (4, 7) Dhandia 482 Total (e) 1085 Total Satkhira (1) 9688 Monoharpur Monoharpur 88 Jhapa, Monirampur Mushim Nagor 131 Moshimnagar, Jhapa 143 CWW Samadhan Monohorpur Jessore Sagardari, Biddanandakhati 603 Keshobpur biddanandakati, Sagordari 297 Sufalakati Sufalakathi 141 Total (f) 1403 Total Jessore (2) 1403
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Grand Total (1+2) 11091
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