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Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: a Primer
U.S. Department of Energy • Office of Fossil Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory April 2009 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe upon privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer Work Performed Under DE-FG26-04NT15455 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory Prepared by Ground Water Protection Council Oklahoma City, OK 73142 405-516-4972 www.gwpc.org and ALL Consulting Tulsa, OK 74119 918-382-7581 www.all-llc.com April 2009 MODERN SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES: A PRIMER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under Award Number DE‐FG26‐ 04NT15455. Mr. Robert Vagnetti and Ms. Sandra McSurdy, NETL Project Managers, provided oversight and technical guidance. -
Two New Crinoids from Lower Mississippian Rocks in Southeastern Kentucky
TWO NEW CRINOIDS FROM LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN ROCKS IN SOUTHEASTERN KENTUCKY BY GEORGE M. EHLERS AND ROBERT V. KESLING Reprinted from JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY Val. 37, No. 5, September, 1963 JOURNALOF PALEONTOLOGY,V. 37, NO. 5, P. 1028-1041, PLS. 133,134, 3 TEXT-FIGS., SEPTEMBER,1963 TWO NEW CRINOIDS FROM L20\'C7ERMISSISSIPPIAN ROCKS IN SOUTHEASTERN KENTUCKY GEORGE M. EHLERS AKD ROBERT V. ICESLING Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan .~BsTR.~~T-AII~~~~specimens collected many years ago bl- the senior author and his students near Mill Springs, Kentucky, are a new species of Agaricocrinzis and a new speries of Actino- crinites. Although only one specimen of each is known, it is well preserved. The new Agnrico- crinus bears a resemblance to A. ponderoszts Wood, and the new Actinocriniles to four species described by Miller & Gurley: A. spergenensis, A. botuztosz~s,A. gibsoni, and A. shnronensis. A preliminary survey of species assigned to Agaricocrinz~ssuggests that revision of the genus is overdue. Although the occurrence of the specimens leaves some doubt as to their stratigraphic posi- tion, we conclude that they both probably weathered from the Fort Payne formation and rolled down the slope onto the New Providence, where they were found. The sites where the crinoids were picked up are now deeply inundated by water impounded by the Wolf Creek dam on the Cumberland River. INTRODUCTION onto the New Providence, \$here they were OTH of the new crinoids described here are found. rZt present, both the New Providence B from Lower Mississippian rocks in the valley formation and the I~asalbeds of the Fort Payne of the Cumberland River in Wayne and Russell are underwater at the type locality of the new Counties, Kentucky. -
Harrodsburg Limestone in Kentucky
Harrodsburg Limestone In Kentucky By E. G. SABLE, R. C. KEPFERLE, and W. L. PETERSON CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1224-1 Prepared in cooperation with the Com monwealth of Kentucky, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 10 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Fag* Abstract.________________________________________________________ II Introduction.____________________________-_--____--____-__--_-_--_ 1 History of nomenclature_________________ ______________________ 1 Harrodsburg Limestone redefined in Kentucky._______________________ 6 Round Hollow section__-__-___-_---____._-___-_----__-._.__--_.__ 7 Correlations._____________________________________________________ 11 References cited.................__________________________________ 11 ILLUSTRATIONS Pag» FIGURE 1. Stratigraphic nomenclature of selected Mississippian units in 12 northwest-central Kentucky __________________________ 2. Map of central Kentucky showing counties and topographic quadrangles referred to in this re port..____.___.._.__.__.__ 4 ill 799-251 66 CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY HARRODSBURG LIMESTONE IN KENTUCKY By E. G. SABLE, R. C. KEPFERLE, and W. L. PETERSON ABSTRACT The Harrodsburg Limestone (Mississippian) in northwest-central Kentucky consists of 20 to 50 feet of light-gray coarse-grained fossil-fragmental limestone and minor silty limestone. It underlies the Salem Limestone, overlies the Borden Formation, and includes the Leesville and Guthrie Creek Members, of the Lower Harrodsburg of P. B. Stockdale and the Harrodsburg (restricted) as used by him. INTRODUCTION The name Harrodsburg Limestone was given (Hopkins and Sieben- tlial, 1897) to a unit of predominantly carbonate rocks of Mississippian age in Indiana and was subsequently used in Kentucky. -
Columnals (PDF)
2248 22482 2 4 V. INDEX OF COLUMNALS 8 Remarks: In this section the stratigraphic range given under the genus is the compiled range of all named species based solely on columnals assigned to the genus. It should be noted that this range may and often differs considerably from the range given under the same genus in Section I, because that range is based on species identified on cups or crowns. All other abbreviations and format follow that of Section I. Generic names followed by the type species are based on columnals. Genera, not followed by the type species, are based on cups and crowns as given in Section I. There are a number of unlisted columnal taxa from the literature that are indexed as genera recognized on cups and crowns. Bassler and Moodey (1943) did not index columnal taxa that were not new names or identified genera with the species unnamed. I have included some of the omissions of Bassler and Moodey, but have not made a search of the extensive literature specifically for the omitted citations because of time constraints. Many of these unlisted taxa are illustrated in the early state surveys of the eastern and central United States. Many of the columnal species assigned to genera based on cups or crowns are incorrect assignments. An uncertain, but significant, number of the columnal genera are synonyms of other columnal genera as they are based on different parts of the stem of a single taxon. Also a number of the columnal genera are synonyms of genera based on cups and crowns as they come from more distal parts of the stem not currently known to be associated with the cup or crown. -
United States National Museum Bulletin 262
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MUSEUM O F NATURAL HISTORY For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 70 cents UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 262 Catalog of the Type Specimens of Invertebrate Fossils LOUIS R. PURNELL Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. 1968 Publications of the United States National Museum The scientific publications of the United States National Museum in- clude two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly ac- quired facts in the field of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related sub- jects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. -
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
Geologic Contrasts in Indiana State Parks Otis W. Freeman, Indiana University The state parks of Indiana, with sites selected largely for scenic and historic reasons but partly with the intent to secure wide geo- graphical distribution for recreational purposes, contain a fairly com- plete sequence of the geological formations outcropping in the state, besides providing examples for a large majority of the physiographic principles. Evidence of vulcanism is one of the chief things missing, since all of the exposed bedrock in Indiana is of sedimentary origin. Even so, many types of igneous and metamorphic rocks can be picked up among the glacial boulders in the northern part of the state. The oldest exposed rocks are those of the Ordovician period. Ex- cellent outcrops for the study of the Ordovician strata occur in south- eastern Indiana on the west flank of the Cincinnati Arch. The beds are highly fossiliferous and one of the famous collecting grounds for the life forms of this period is near Madison. Clifty Falls State Park includes strata classified in the upper Or- dovician, the Silurian and base of the Devonian periods. The Silurian rocks occupy the hill slopes above the falls and inner gorges in the park with the Devonian capping the higher hills. The Ordovician formations in the park area from the base up- ward, begin with 25 feet of the Bellevue, followed by 115 feet of the Arnheim, 55 feet of the Waynesville, 50 feet of the Liberty, about 32 feet of the Saluda and possibly 6 feet of Whitewater. Shale predominates from the Bellevue through the Liberty and is interbedded with thin layers and lenses of limestone, and in contrast the Saluda is a thick bedded limestone with reef corals occuring near its base. -
B2150-B FRONT Final
Bedrock Geology of the Paducah 1°×2° CUSMAP Quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri By W. John Nelson THE PADUCAH CUSMAP QUADRANGLE: RESOURCE AND TOPICAL INVESTIGATIONS Martin B. Goldhaber, Project Coordinator T OF EN TH TM E U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2150–B R I A N P T E E R D . I O S . R A joint study conducted in collaboration with the Illinois State Geological U Survey, the Indiana Geological Survey, the Kentucky Geological Survey, and the Missouri M 9 Division of Geology and Land Survey A 8 4 R C H 3, 1 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Mark Schaefer, Acting Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nelson, W. John Bedrock geology of the Paducah 1°×2° CUSMAP Quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Ken- tucky, and Missouri / by W. John Nelson. p. cm.—(U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 2150–B) (The Paducah CUSMAP Quadrangle, resource and topical investigations ; B) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs. no. : I 19.3:2150–B 1. Geology—Middle West. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: The Paducah CUSMAP Quadrangle, resource and topical investigations ; B QE75.B9 no. 2150–B [QE78.7] [557.3 s—dc21 97–7724 [557.7] CIP CONTENTS Abstract .......................................................................................................................... -
Type Kinderhook Ammonoids
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 80 Number Article 6 1973 Type Kinderhook Ammonoids W. M. Furnish University of Iowa Walter L. Manger University of Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1973 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Furnish, W. M. and Manger, Walter L. (1973) "Type Kinderhook Ammonoids," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 80(1), 15-24. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol80/iss1/6 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Furnish and Manger: Type Kinderhook Ammonoids 15 Type Kinderhook Ammonoids W. M. FURNISH1 and WALTER L. MANGER FURNISH, W. M. and WALTER L. MANGER. Type Kinderhook Am and the associated conodont faunal data. The Kinderhookian monoids. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 80( 1): 15-24, 1973. Wassonville Member of the Hampton Formation in southeastern SYNOPSIS: Lower Mississippian rocks in the type area of North Iowa and the Chouteau Limestone of Missouri fall within the America have produced only a few scattered ammonoid cephalo lower "Pericyclus-Stufe" of the upper Tournaisian Stage as these pods. Those specimens from southeastern Iowa and northwestern units are designated for the early Lower Carboniferous of Western Missouri lie within the general vicinity of the designated type Europe. -
The Lower Carboniferous Area
THE GEOLOGY OF The Lower Carboniferous Area OF SOUTHERN INDIANA. BY GEORGE HALL ASHLEY, PH. D., Assisted by EDW ARD M. KINDLE, PH. D. -49- LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL . INDIANAPOLIS, IND., January 15, 1902. Hon. W. S. Blatchley, State Geologist of Indiana: Sir-I have the honor to hand you herewith my report on the ge ology of the area of the Lower Carboniferous rocks of Bouthern Indiana. This work was planned, in accordanc'e with your instruc tions, primarily as a continuation of the survey of the Bedford Oolitic Limestone made north of Orange County in 1896. Pursuant to your instructions, however, the other members of the Lower Carboniferous have been mapped, and examined, 'especially for any strata of economic value. The most valuable part ot the report is believed to be given on the accompanying maps, which attempt to show the distribution of the different formations with as much or greater accuracy than has hitherto been attempted in this State. They also show graphic'ally the character of the topography by pro files, and the structure of the strata as a whole. In addition a columnar section is added. In order to complete the work in the time allotted it wa.s necessary to omit much work that would have been necessary for the mapping of the quaternary and the forma tion herein called the "Ohio River Formation," believed to be of Tertia,ry age. The field work occupied the season of 190(). The writer was assisted by Dr. Edward M. Kindle. 'rhe writer is entirely responsible for the maps and reports of Washington and Harrison counties. -
A New Mississippian Hexactinellid Sponge from the Western Gondwana: Taxonomic and Paleobiogeographic Implications
A new Mississippian hexactinellid sponge from the western Gondwana: Taxonomic and paleobiogeographic implications MARCELO G. CARRERA, JUAN JOSE RUSTÁN, N. EMILIO VACCARI, and MIGUEL EZPELETA Carrera, M.G., Rustán, J.J., Vaccari N.E., and Ezpeleta, M. 2018. A new Mississippian hexactinellid sponge from the western Gondwana: Taxonomic and paleobiogeographic implications. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (1): 63–70. A Mississippian hexactinellid sponge from the western Argentina improves the extremely poor late Paleozoic sponge records from Gondwana. The sponge is included in the subfamily Thysanodictyinae of family Dictyospongiidae. The new genus and species Minitaspongia parvis is erected, and its well-preserved spicular structure is described in detail repre- senting the first approximation of the spicule assemblage in Thysanodictyinae. The skeleton is clathrate, three-dimensional with at least two ranks of rectangular openings. This first report of this subfamily outside North America represents the best-known hexactinellid and the first dictyosponge record from the Carboniferous of Gondwana. Unlike the occurrences of Thysanodictyinae in North America, with thick skeletons linked to high-energy shallow water settings, Minitaspongia occurs in low-energy water siliciclastic settings related to a cold climate and glacimarine deposits. Accordingly, the complex wall structure of this sponge should not be invoked as a necessary adaptation to high energy and shallow water settings. Key words: Porifera, Hexactinellida, Reticulosa, Carboniferous, Mississippian, Argentina. Marcelo G. Carrera [[email protected]], CICTERRA-CONICET Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarfield 1611, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina. Juan José Rustan [[email protected]], N. Emilio Vaccari [[email protected]], and Miguel Ezpeleta [[email protected]], CICTERRA-CONICET Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Av. -
Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups
APPENDIX Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups Important fossil taxa are listed down to the lowest practical taxonomic level; in most cases, this will be the ordinal or subordinallevel. Abbreviated stratigraphic units in parentheses (e.g., UCamb-Ree) indicate maximum range known for the group; units followed by question marks are isolated occurrences followed generally by an interval with no known representatives. Taxa with ranges to "Ree" are extant. Data are extracted principally from Harland et al. (1967), Moore et al. (1956 et seq.), Sepkoski (1982), Romer (1966), Colbert (1980), Moy-Thomas and Miles (1971), Taylor (1981), and Brasier (1980). KINGDOM MONERA Class Ciliata (cont.) Order Spirotrichia (Tintinnida) (UOrd-Rec) DIVISION CYANOPHYTA ?Class [mertae sedis Order Chitinozoa (Proterozoic?, LOrd-UDev) Class Cyanophyceae Class Actinopoda Order Chroococcales (Archean-Rec) Subclass Radiolaria Order Nostocales (Archean-Ree) Order Polycystina Order Spongiostromales (Archean-Ree) Suborder Spumellaria (MCamb-Rec) Order Stigonematales (LDev-Rec) Suborder Nasselaria (Dev-Ree) Three minor orders KINGDOM ANIMALIA KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM PORIFERA PHYLUM PROTOZOA Class Hexactinellida Order Amphidiscophora (Miss-Ree) Class Rhizopodea Order Hexactinosida (MTrias-Rec) Order Foraminiferida* Order Lyssacinosida (LCamb-Rec) Suborder Allogromiina (UCamb-Ree) Order Lychniscosida (UTrias-Rec) Suborder Textulariina (LCamb-Ree) Class Demospongia Suborder Fusulinina (Ord-Perm) Order Monaxonida (MCamb-Ree) Suborder Miliolina (Sil-Ree) Order Lithistida -
Italic Page Numbers Indicate Major References]
Index [Italic page numbers indicate major references] Abbott Formation, 411 379 Bear River Formation, 163 Abo Formation, 281, 282, 286, 302 seismicity, 22 Bear Springs Formation, 315 Absaroka Mountains, 111 Appalachian Orogen, 5, 9, 13, 28 Bearpaw cyclothem, 80 Absaroka sequence, 37, 44, 50, 186, Appalachian Plateau, 9, 427 Bearpaw Mountains, 111 191,233,251, 275, 377, 378, Appalachian Province, 28 Beartooth Mountains, 201, 203 383, 409 Appalachian Ridge, 427 Beartooth shelf, 92, 94 Absaroka thrust fault, 158, 159 Appalachian Shelf, 32 Beartooth uplift, 92, 110, 114 Acadian orogen, 403, 452 Appalachian Trough, 460 Beaver Creek thrust fault, 157 Adaville Formation, 164 Appalachian Valley, 427 Beaver Island, 366 Adirondack Mountains, 6, 433 Araby Formation, 435 Beaverhead Group, 101, 104 Admire Group, 325 Arapahoe Formation, 189 Bedford Shale, 376 Agate Creek fault, 123, 182 Arapien Shale, 71, 73, 74 Beekmantown Group, 440, 445 Alabama, 36, 427,471 Arbuckle anticline, 327, 329, 331 Belden Shale, 57, 123, 127 Alacran Mountain Formation, 283 Arbuckle Group, 186, 269 Bell Canyon Formation, 287 Alamosa Formation, 169, 170 Arbuckle Mountains, 309, 310, 312, Bell Creek oil field, Montana, 81 Alaska Bench Limestone, 93 328 Bell Ranch Formation, 72, 73 Alberta shelf, 92, 94 Arbuckle Uplift, 11, 37, 318, 324 Bell Shale, 375 Albion-Scioio oil field, Michigan, Archean rocks, 5, 49, 225 Belle Fourche River, 207 373 Archeolithoporella, 283 Belt Island complex, 97, 98 Albuquerque Basin, 111, 165, 167, Ardmore Basin, 11, 37, 307, 308, Belt Supergroup, 28, 53 168, 169 309, 317, 318, 326, 347 Bend Arch, 262, 275, 277, 290, 346, Algonquin Arch, 361 Arikaree Formation, 165, 190 347 Alibates Bed, 326 Arizona, 19, 43, 44, S3, 67.