/ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page American Olympic Executive Committee...... 1 Chairmen of Local Committees...... 4 Report of President Robert M. Thompson...... 5 Report of Secretary Frederick W. Rubien...... 8 American Olympic Teams ...... 15 Report of Manager Team Charles A. Dean...... 23 Report of Assistant Manager Track and Field Team George V. Brown...... 24 Report of Assistant Manager Track and Field Team Sam Goodman...... 24 Report of Head Track Coach ...... 27 Report of Head Field Coach Walter M. Christie...... 28 Report of Assistant Track and Field Coach Harry L. Hillman...... 31 Report of Assistant Track and Field Coach Thomas F. Keane...... 32 Report of Assistant Track and Field Coach John J. Magee...... 32 Report of Assistant Track and Field Coach Edward L. Farrell...... 33 Report of Assistant Track and Field Coach Lt. E .L . Vidal...... 35 Report of Assistant Track and Field Coach Wm. L. Hayward...... 36 Report of Trainer Michael J. Ryan...... 36 Report of Manager Team John T. Taylor...... 39

Report of Head Swimming Coach William Bachrach...... 44 Report of Women’s Swimming Coach L. deB. Handley...... - ...... 46

Report of Coach Ernest Brandsten...... 49 Report of Chaperone of Women’s Swimming Team Charlotte Epstein ... 50

Report of Chaperone of Women’s Swimming Team Marie A. Dean...... 51 Report of Manager of Boxing Team William H. Cuddy...... 51 Report of Assistant Manager Boxing Team Ben Levine...... 53 Report of Boxing Coach H. M. Webb...... 54 Report of Manager Wrestling C. W. Streit...... - ...... 65

Report of Wrestling Coach W. E. Cann...... 66 Report of Manager and Coach of Roy E. Moore...... 67 Report of Manager of Modern Pentathlon Major Wm. C. Rose ...... 69 Report of Manager of Team James M. Daly ...... 73

Report of Rowing Coach Frank J. Muller...... 83 Report of Manager of Yale Crew John M. Goetchius...... 85 Report of Manager of Fencing Team Leon S. Schoonmaker ...... 86 Report of Fencing Coach F . H. Darrieulat...... 87

Report of Fencing Coach F . M. Costello...... 87 Report of Manager of Trapshooting W. H. Fawcett...... 88 Report of Manager of Pistol Team Dr. Reginald H. Sayre 89 Report of Manager of Rifle Team Major L. W. T. Waller...... 91 Report of Manager of Team Julian S. Myrick...... 94 Report of Manager of Equestrian Team Major J. A. Barry ...... 96 Report of Manager of Cycling Team D. J. McIntyre ...... 97 Report of Manager of Rugby Team Sam Goodman 98 Report of Coach of Rugby Team C. A. Austin...... 102 Report of Manager of Soccer Team George M. Collins ...... 104 Report of Trainer of Soccer Team G. H. Burford...... 107

Report of Soccer Team W. R. Cummings...... 109 Report of International Skating Union, Joseph K. Savage...... 110 Report of Manager Speed Skating Team Wm. M. Taylor...... 113

Report of Figure Skating Team, Nathaniel W. Niles...... 114 Report of Manager of Hockey William S. Haddock...... 117 Organisation Plan, Proposed by Captain C. R. Train, U. S. N ...... 118 Report of Jury d’honneur, International Olympic Committee...... 120 Olympic Congress at ...... 123

AMERICAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEE

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Honorary President CALVIN COOLIDGE President of the Honorary Vice-President WILLIAM H. TAFT The Chief Justice of the United States President COL. ROBERT M. THOMPSON Vice-President and Executive Officer MAJ. GEN. HENRY T. ALLEN First Vice-President HENRY G. LAPHAM Second Vice-President DWIGHT F. DAVIS Third Vice-President WILLIAM F. HUMPHREY Secretary FREDERICK W. RUBIEN Treasurer JULIUS H. BARNES Counselor JOHN T. McGOVERN Chairman COL. ROBT. M. THOMPSON, Washington, D. C. First Vice-Chairman HENRY G. LAPHAM, Boston, Mass. Second Vice-Chairman DWIGHT F. DAVIS, Washington, D. C. Third Vice-Chairman WILLIAM F . HUMPHREY, San Francisco, Calif. Allen, Maj. Gen. Henry T., Atkinson, Walter E., Washington, D. C. Anderson, Larz, Ayer, Leslie J., Washington, D. C. Palo Alto, Cal. Ashburn, Ike, Barnes, Julius H., College Station, Texas New York City Benson, Edwin J., Goldsmith, Louis N., New York City , Pa. Bowie, Col. Washington, Jr., Goodman, Sam, Baltimore San Francisco, Cal. Breckinridge, Col. Henry, Groll, Augustus F., New York City New York City Briggs, Maj. Frank, Haddock, William S., Boston, Mass. Pittsburgh, Pa. Brown, Everett C., Hagan, Miss M. C., , 111. Atlantic City, N. J. Brown, Dr. John, Halpin, Matthew P., New York City New York City Brundage, Avery, Hammond, Dr. Graeme M., Chicago, 111. New York City Burdick, Harry S., Hulbert, Hon. Murray, Spokane, Wash. New York City Burke, Henry P., Hutchinson, Sidney E., Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Byers, J. B., Johnson, Lt.-Col. Wait C., Pittsburgh, Pa. Washington, D. C. Byrne, Stephen A., Kelley, Robert W., Brooklyn, N . Y. New York City Coxe, Charles E., Kelly, William E., Philadelphia, Pa. Brooklyn, N. Y. Cuddy, William H., Kendrick, Murdoch, Boston, Mass. Philadelphia, Pa. Day, William E., Kirby, Gustavus T., Salt Lake City, New York City Dean, Charles A., Kramer, Frank L., Chicago, 111. Newark, N. J. Denegre, Walter D., Lacy, Verne R. C., , La. St. Louis, Mo. DiBenedetto, L., Leo, Mrs. E. Fullard, New Orleans, La. , T. H. Dibblee, Harold J., Leonard, Maj. Henry, New York City Washington, D. C. Doyle, John T. Loughman, M. F., New York City New York City Dunne, T. Morris, Lynch, Charles D., Portland, Ore. , Mich. Elbert, Charles A., Maccabe, Joseph B., New York City East Boston, Mass. Fisher, Dr. George J., Magrath, A. J., New York City New York City Fitzgerald, Julian T., Mahoney, Judge J . T., Chicago, 111. New York City Fredericks, Karl T., Maloney, Fl'ank, New York City Washington, D. C. French, Prof. Thos. E., Manning, Lt.-Col. G. Randolph, Columbus, Ohio New York City Garcelon, W. F., McClenahan, Dean Howard, Boston, Mass. Princeton, N. J. Geiger, Albert, McGovern, John T., Boston, Mass. New York City McKenzie, R. Tait, Schaefer, Edwin F., Philadelphia, Pa. Buffalo, N. Y. Mills, Col. A. G., Schooley, Roy D., New York City Pittsburgh, Pa. Mitchell, J . J., Jr., Simons, Seward A., Chicago, 111. , Cal. Moore, Fred W., Slattery, Michael J., Cambridge, Mass. Philadelphia, Pa. Moore, Roy E., Stagg, Amos Alonzo, New York City Chicago, 111. Myrick, Julian S., Streit, C. W., New York City Birmingham, Ala. Obertubbesing, H., New York City Stumpf, Jacob W., Brooklyn, N .Y . Peacock, Walter C., Chicago, 111. Sullivan, Frank, Peel, Peter J., Princeton, N .J. Chicago, 111. Sverdrup, L. J., Phillips, Brig.-Gen. Fred H., Jefferson City, Mo. Washington, D. C. Taylor, John T., Pierce, Gen. Palmer E., Pittsburgh, Pa. New York City Teele, Arthur W., Pilgrim, Paul, New York City New York City Tener, John K., Pratt, Herbert, New York City New York City Train, Capt. C. R., Prout, William C., Washington, D.C. Boston, Mass. Turner, George J., Rippin, Mrs. Jane Deeter, Baltimore, Md. New York City Wear, Joseph W., Rose, Maj. William C., Philadelphia, Pa. New York City Weaver, Robert S., Rubien, Frederick W., Los Angeles, Cal. New York City Sanford, Dr. S. V., Weill, Milton, New York City , Ga. Savage, Joseph K., Wiborg, Frank B., New York City New York City Sayre, Dr. Reginald H., Wightman, George W., New York City Boston, Mass.

Property of AAF LIBRARY 2141 W. Adams Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90018 CHAIRMEN OF LOCAL COMMITTEES

Albany, N.Y. Memphis, Tenn. Jacob H. Herzog D . M. Lake Allentown, Pa. Meriden. Conn. It. J. Schmoyer Dr. John E. Stoddard , N.Y. , Wis. Gilman P. Tiffany Henry Sullivan , Ga. Montgomery, Ala. A.A. Doonan Clayton T. Tullis Atlantic City, N .J. Mount Vernon, N.Y. Dr. P . W. Maroney Jas. Flanagan Baltimore, Md. Newark, N .J. It. C. Stewart J. Herbert Reid Birmingham, Ala. New Bedford, Mass. C.W . Streit, Jr. Jam es K. Donaghy Boston, Mass. New Brunswick, N .J. H enry G. Lapham Lester C. Stevens Bridgeport, Conn. New Haven, Conn. Ed. T. Buckingham John T. Blossom Buffalo, N.Y. New Orleans, La. Chas. Reidpath Benj. T. Waldo Charleston, S. C. New York City J. Gilmore Smith Gustavus T. Kirby Chicago, Ill Oklahoma City, Okla. Everts Wrenn Dr. H. H. Cloudman Cincinnati, Ohio Passaic, N .J. Gen. T . L. Mitchell Gen. W . B. Spencer College Station, Texas Philadelphia, Pa. Ike Ashburn E. Hutchinson Columbus, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pa. Guy C. Bowman A. W. Thom pson Concord, N. H. Princeton, N .J. Frank D. N ardini Prof. Howard McClenahan Dalton, Mass. Winthrop M. Crane, Jr. Providence, R. I. Dayton, Ohio J . D. E. Jones N. S. Talbott Reading, Pa. Delhi, N .Y . E. Carroll Schaefer Arthur C. Wyer Rochester, N .Y . Des Moines, Iowa Harper Sibley C. A. Rawson , N .Y . Detroit, Mich. II. T. Dyett Charles D. Lynch St. Louis, Mo. Duluth, Minn. C. S. Reber W . A. Coventry Salt Lake City Easton, Pa. A. Roy Heath A rthur W. W ilkinson , Texas El Paso, Texas John H. Lapham J. F. McNary San Francisco, Cal. F ort Meyer, Va. William F. Humphrey M ajor J . A. Barry Schenectady, N .Y . Harrisburg, Pa. V. Starzenski George W. Kehr Seattle, Wash. Hartford, Conn. Reginald II. Parsons Maj. A. Raymond Ellis Stamford, Conn. , Texas Dr. Frank II. Barnes Mike H ogg Syracuse, N.Y. Indianapolis, Ind. J.D . Barnum Wallace O. Lee Trenton, N .J. Ithaca, N.Y. Hon. Newton Bugbee Romeyn Berry Jersey City, N .J. Utica, N.Y. Paul B. W illiams A. H arry Moore Washington, D .C. Kansas City, Kan. J . E. Carlson Mrs. James Carroll Frazer Kansas City, Mo. White Plains, N.Y. Dr. John II. Outland I. M. Ellis Kingston, N.Y. Wichita, Kansas C. A. Warren Lieut.-Col. II. K. Cassidy Lexington, Ky. Worcester, Mass. Hon. Hogan Yancey Prof. P. R. Carpenter Los Angeles, Cal. Youngstown, Ohio R. S. Weaver H. A. Butler FROM ROBERT M. THOMPSON President of the American Olympic Committee to HIS EXCELLENCY CALVIN COOLIDGE President of the United States, Honorary President of the American Olympic Committee and to the AMERICAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION Sir:— In accordance with Article VIII of the Constitution of the American Olympic Association, and for the information of the members of that Asso­ ciation, I have the honor to submit this report upon the activities of the American Olympic Committee in connection with America’s participation in the 8th Olympiad at . More important than the actual competitive success in the games them­ selves, I have to report that the Americans worthily represented the best traditions of American chivalry and sportmanship. Cheerfulness in defeat, modesty in victory, fair play, courtesy and courage characterized the conduct of the American Team. Next to this patriotic satisfaction in the character and conduct of the American Team, it is to be reported that the 8th Olympiad marked one more step forward in the promotion of understanding and good will among the nations. And this perhaps—nay, certainly—is the greatest object of the . In the most intense competition of highly trained teams we find rivalry without bitterness, contest without antagonism and the will to win, tempered and restrained by the spirit of fair play, mutual consideration and generosity. The action and interaction of different national and racial tem­ peraments bring out in sharp relief a good deal of variety of points of view. Where nations are represented by ambitious teams filled with patriotic de­ termination to bring credit to their respective countries by attaining victory, it is inevitable that there should be difference of opinion and that here and there some infrequent individual, in a moment of inadequate self-control, should utter a heedless word or do a heedless act. But with each recurring Olympiad there comes a better understanding among the nations and it is beyond doubt that the games performed a very useful function in the development of a com­ mon esteem, sympathy and even affection among the nations represented. 1. I submit herewith the Treasurer’s report duly vouched and showing a comfortable balance: All bills are paid and all claims are adjusted. I also submit reports and recommendations from the various managers and coaches. 2. FUNCTIONS OF AMERICAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION: Since we have formed an Olympic Association, in which all duties in respect of Olympic Games are centered, it becomes necessary to make certain changes for hand­ ling the next Olympic Games. These duties are: First: To finance the Games; and to attend properly to this we should appoint a committee charged with perfecting a plan to be put into operation as soon as possible, which will insure the provision of ample funds before the time comes for the sailing of the Team. Entering upon the preparation for the Games with the question of finances unsettled is in many respects ob­ jectionable. We should know beforehand exactly what money we can depend upon, and knowing that, we should be careful not to arrange a program which will cost more than the money in hand. Second: To appoint an Olympic Committee to take charge of the Games. This should be done as early as possible and its organization completed. Its duties should be assigned and accepted before the Team sails for the Games. The selection of the Team should be in charge of this Committee and, while recommendations should be asked for from the different sport governing bodies, these recommendations should not be considered as final or binding. Two elements must enter into the selection of athletes; first, athletic ex­ cellence and, second, good character. 3. RECOMMENDATIONS. (a) Management of Team: Great care must be taken to mold the Team into a unit. It should be The Olympic Team and not an assemblage of a number of small teams. The management of the teams should not be en­ trusted to managers representing outside bodies; they should all be members of the Olympic Committee and in determining their policy the decisions should be decisions of the Committee and not of individuals. This is not in any way intended as a criticism of the managers of the 1924 Team. Were I in charge of the next Team, the same men would be entirely satisfactory to me but I would want them in a different frame of mind, which would be in­ duced by their feeling that they represented the Olympic Committee instead of the several sport governing bodies from which the men under their care were selected. In a number of the reports attention is called to the necessity for organi­ zation. This is important, but the first thing to do is to select good men, give them discretion and let them act. There is such a thing as too much organization and in times of emergency you cannot make machinery take the place of brains. (b) Selection: In selecting the Team the number should be decided on beforehand and in no event should it exceed the number of men that can be entered under the rules of the approaching Olympiad. A great deal of the confusion which did arise in the 8th Olympiad was due to the fact that in the preliminary arrangement it was decided to send 350 men, and under pres­ sure from the different sport governing bodies the Team was increased to 450 of whom more than 100 were substitutes. In the selection of athletes, I recommend that no man be taken unless of Olympic calibre. The fact that he is the third or fourth best man in the try­ out is not sufficient. Unless the Committee is satisfied that he has a chance of scoring in the Games, he should not go on the Team. It would be well, if possible, to select the Team as was done for the ancient athletes and as many European nations do today, that is, make the selection of the Team a year ill advance, with the provision that during the current year any other man who made especially good should have a chance to compete for the Team. This will enable us to train our men so that they will be in their best condition for the Games and not, as is the case now, at the final tryouts for selection. In no event, should more men be taken abroad at the expense of the committee than can be entered in the several events. (c) Transportation: Some of the coaches recommend sending the Team over in driblets on fast steamers. This would greatly increase the expense and would make it impossible to consolidate the men into a real Olympic Team, and it would prevent America taking part in the solemn opening- of the Games or in the ending, both most important functions. There should be beforehand a definite understanding of exactly what the Committee should pay. This I recommend should be all expenses from em­ barkation to disembarkation; all other expenses to be paid by the men or by their clubs or associations. Before sailing it should be well understood that the Committee will not stand for stowaways; on the last Team there were several. When this oc­ curred before, the stowaways were carried through, in part by the kindness of the athletes and in part through the management. It was felt, therefore, that it would not be right to turn these young men over to the authorities for punishment and individuals assumed the expense of taking care of them. Before the next Olympiad, full notice should be given that anyone stowing away will not be acknowledged nor assisted by the athletes or Committee but will be delivered to the Captain and turned over to the authorities for punish­ ment. (d) Endurance Tests: The American Team at the VIII Olympiad won their full share of the athletic events but it was noticeable that in contests of endurance they were not so successful. The Association may well recommend to the different sport governing bodies the consideration of methods to improve their entries in the endurance trials. This, I believe, can best be accomplished by selecting the contestants for these trials well ahead of the time and then not wearing them out by a series of preliminary try-outs. This is the system pursued by the northern nations, who, with a compara­ tively small number of athletes, win points out of all proportion to their num­ bers. (e) General Conduct: I recommend that no coach nor official who is to have charge of the teams should take his wife to the games. The duties assumed are such that they call for all their time and all their energy, and undivided allegiance should be given to the team and that is impossible when the wives are at hand. On the last team, there were some athletes who brought their wives with them. If this occurs again, I should suggest that such athletes be detached from the team. In a number of instances, men complained of their loss of earning power during absence from home and asked for assistance based on this claim. Un­ questionably, this practice arises from a misunderstanding of the relation of the athlete to the team. He confers no favor by joining the team; he joins because he longs to go to the games. If the circumstances are such that he cannot afford to go, he ought not to go. 4. SPIRIT OF GAMES. In some of the reports doubts are cast upon the values of the social relations of the team to the other teams and the sug­ gestion is made that no part should be taken in social functions. These doubts and suggestions are not in keeping with the spirit of the Olympic Idea. If these games are merely a series of athletic sports like the hundreds of games that are run off during every season, then it is folly to make a national and international event of it. The different sport governing bodies may send their men to such games if they please, but they should not look to the public to contribute nor expect the prestige of the United States behind them. When they go abroad as the Olympic Team, they are taking part in a great and solemn international event. They are there in uniform, rep­ resenting their country just as much as are the officers and men of the Army and Navy when they are abroad. Some of the young men on the last team forgot this and conducted themselves like children or like school boys out on a frolic. There was no real harmful intent displayed but care should be taken by the managers thoroughly to indoctrinate them with the idea that they are at all times under observation and therefore should con­ duct themselves like men representing the United States. In conclusion, I want to thank each and every man and official connected with the games for their kindness to me. I remain, Your obedient servant, September 18, 1924. ROBERT M. THOMPSON, President, American Olympic Committee. REPORT OF SECRETARY FREDERICK W. RUBIEN

In 1920 there was much criticism about transportation, housing and man­ agement of the Olympic team. We hear very little criticism of 1924 arrangements, but nevertheless we ought to be prepared to answer these complaints and perhaps in our reports plan to improve conditions for the 1928 games. While various matters in connection with the 1924 Olympic Games are fresh in my mind, I am jotting down those which may be of interest to you in preparing a report for the American Olympic Committee, and calling attention to criticisms, many of which, however, are not loudly expressed. Attached herewith is a complete athletic report giving the names of all of the competitors in the events on the program, the results of the heats, trials and finals, also results of all try-outs. I believe that we ought to print the entire athletic report when we publish our printed report of the games. I have several hundred photographs to reproduce and they cover pretty nearly every view of interest, and I am sure that the report will be a valuable one. A nominal charge will help keep down the cost of printing. Steamship “America”—While the trip of the “America” sailing from New York on June 16th, arriving at Cherbourg June 25th, was very successful, I think it well for us to consider whether it is advisable to recommend the same plan for the next Olympic games. We made an agreement with the U . S . Lines which was somewhat indefinite and it took months of corre­ spondence before we signed a binding contract. We then found that we had to pay about $160,000 in four instalments. These instalments had to be met before we were really organized in such a manner to properly meet these payments. In fact, we were struggling from the very start to meet these payments and while it may have accelerated the collecting of funds, still it left those responsible for raising the money in a very serious predicament and made it appear to the general public as if our campaign for funds was a failure. Our payments were made on March 1st, April 15th, June 1st, and a final payment, which was to be made before the “America” sailed, was cancelled, due to the fact that the contract was revised. We had to accept a sailing date to meet the convenience of the steamship company, by sailing on a date which was unsatisfactory to us as far as holding our try-outs was concerned and rushing our competitors on board the steamer on two days’ notice. It also meant that we brought our athletes to at a time which was not satisfactory to all of the various teams. We brought our fencers over to France within a few days of the start of their competition and, I think, that had much to do with the poor showing of the fencers. As far as the track and field men were concerned the time was acceptable to them, but our swimmers and our wrestlers and our boxers could just as well have sailed two weeks later, and I am sure that better results would have been had. Of course, this would have barred them from, the opening parade on July 5th; the United States probable was the only country to bring its swimmers, boxers and wrestlers to Paris for the opening parade. When it came to sailing home, the “America” was scheduled to leave Cher- bourg July 28th. We kept our teams in France until the end of the Olympic games so that they could receive the awards of medals and diplomas on July 27th. We were led to believe that this was going to be an important function and spent a great deal of money to keep our men in Paris for this event. It was not at all necessary; hardly any of the countries kept their teams in France and in the future we should arrange to send our teams on separate ships, fast ships, get them over just when it suits them and send them home as soon after the games as possible, not in a body, but by teams. Hardly any team has any interest at all in any sport but their own. After the Stockholm games it was the general sentiment that we ought to send our teams abroad on fast ships and it was the opinion in 1920. In 1920 we had reservations for about 110 men to sail on the “” but as this merely took care of the track team and we wanted to take over the entire team in a body, the government was urged to send the athletes across on one of its transports. The transport that was provided was very unsatis­ factory and created a great deal of dissatisfaction. On account of using the transport, we took a much larger team than we would have taken otherwise. In 1924 we chartered the “America” and had a similar problem. We had room for a large number of athletes and we took a great many more than we needed. If we abandon this plan, send as small a team as possible on a ship that will bring them over to Europe not more than ten days before their events, better results will be obtained than by carrying out the plan that we did in chartering the “America”, undertaking a large financial burden and keeping us in a state of doubt as to the financial outcome of our plan until the very last. Rocquencourt—Rocquencourt was adopted by the American Olympic Committee a year ago as the headquarters of our teams in France. While Rocquencourt was a beautiful place, it was inaccessible. The shortest routes from Rocquencourt to Colombes, where the games -were held, was about nine miles, but it was found impossible to make the trip over those roads and it was necessary to go to St. Cloud and then along the Seine and then into Paris before we reached Colombes, making the trip about twelve miles going and twelve returning. Traveling in busses with hard tires made the trip very unsatisfactory, athletes and coaches complaining of the jouncing they received, and it was generally conceded that this was not to the best interests of the athletes in training. It had been expected that swimming would be conducted at the pool at Colombes, but it was found that this pool would not hold water and the swimming was held at La Tourelle in Paris. On account of the crowded condition of our huts at Rocquencourt, we decided to send the men’s swimming team to Colombes, where we had engaged one hundred beds. Rumors on the “America” made it appear that the Colombes huts would be unsatisfactory, but these rumors were unfounded. The trip from Colombes to La Tourelle had to be made through the heart of Paris and was about twelve miles going and twelve miles returning to Colombes. The women swimmers were quartered at Rocquencourt and had to travel from Rocquencourt to La Tourelle twice a day. The trip was of about fifteen miles each way, so that it meant about sixty miles of traveling for the women members of the swimming team. This occasioned a great deal of complaint as the women wished to be housed in Paris. The committee did not wish to take the responsibility of allowing our young girls in Paris. None of the hotels that were suggested as headquarters for the girls being considered suitable for them, therefore they were kept at Rocquencourt and they were transported in automobiles instead of busses, greatly reducing the time and adding to the comfort of the women. At Rocquencourt there was a beautiful chateau, where it was expected that some of the members of the committee would be quartered. If the members of the committee attempted to stay at Rocquencourt it would have been absolutely impossible for them to attend to various duties in Paris. As for myself, I was charged with the responsibility of attending the requirements of the various federa­ tions which held meetings daily, passing upon the entries and selecting officials to conduct the games. These federations have juries who actually acted in the capacity of a games committee and they worked from early morning until late at night in attending to these various details and had little or no time to attend to social duties. To attend matters of this kind and then attempt to get to Colombes and to Rocquencourt was out of the question. Track and Field—The games started daily at three o’clock and were rarely finished before seven-thirty; in fact, the day of the pentathlon the games finished about nine-thirty and the days of the the last event was finished at ten-thirty and it was about eleven-fifteen before officials left the grounds to get to Paris for something to eat. Transportation to Rocquencourt was difficult and the entire transporta­ tion problem caused dissatisfaction. It cost about 400,000 francs and much of it was unexpected and due to the failure of swimming to be held where planned. The American track and field team made a marvelous showing and in almost every event on the program points were scored. America was very strong in the field events particularly, and showed up very well in the sprints, middle distance run and relays. In the distance events America had to compete against a super-man in “Nurmi of Finland,” who won four Olympic championships, and “Ritola of Finland,” who received most of his athletic training in America, where he had resided for nine years but was not eligible to represent America on account of citizenship. Ritola finished second in two Olympic events and won two others. Our distance men found the change of climate and the trip across the ocean affects their running. None of them ran as well as they do at home and the coaches must solve this problem, as our distance runners are not as good as they should be. Our problem for the next four years is to develop men who can fairly represent America in these events. Winter Sports—Winter sports were held at Chamonix, January 25th to February 5th. America had a fair representation in all the events, the great difficulty being that very little winter weather is had in the United States until about the first of January and our winter sports teams had to sail very soon after that, and it was very difficult at short notice to gather these teams together and get the funds to finance the teams, as we were hardly organized when all our funds were withdrawn to support this program. This was also our 1920 experience, and at that we made a fairly good show­ ing, entering teams in almost all the sports on the program. Rugby—Rugby was held May 3rd to May 19th. It is not played in the United States and at the earnest solicitation of the French Olympic Com­ mittee a team was organized in , made up mostly of intercollegiate football players of University of Stanford and the University of California and some of the members of the 1920 team. Only three countries were represented in this sport and it being one of the first sports on the pro­ gram, the French Committee did not like to start the games with a failure and were very anxious to have an American entry. This we did by sending a team and the team won. It was a surprise to the French, who expected to be winners of this event, and some very disagreeable things took place during the game, resulting in the spectators attacking Americans and a great deal of very unsatisfactory newspaper criticism resulted. Soccer Football—A team was sent which was not considered a very good team. A plan had been arranged by the soccer representatives to hold a series of games, the winning team to be the team to be sent abroad. Unfor­ tunately there were a number of players on the various teams who were not eligible. to represent America and when it came to the final games it was found that a team was winning which could not represent America. It was necessary to select a team of the best players in the country and such a team was gathered together, but they had very little team practice and the result was very unsatisfactory. Much of the trouble was due to friction in the U .S . Football Association. Polo—Polo was held June 19th to July 4th and the American team made an excellent record and was looked upon as likely winners, but were sur­ prised and beaten by the Argentine team, and America took second place. This team financed its expenses independent of the American Olympic Com­ mittee. Target Shooting and Shot-Gun—These contests were held June 21st to June 29th and America made an excellent showing. There was difficulty at the last moment in regard to the eligibility of one of the trap shooters, resulting in his being withdrawn from the game. The team was severely handicapped, but, however, won its match and tied for first place in the individual. The trap shooter whose amateur standing had been questioned had played as a professional baseball player many years ago and the com­ mittee felt that he should not be entered and his entry was withdrawn. The rifle team won its contest and the pistol team also made a wonderful show­ ing. Heretofore very little expense has been charged against the Olympic Committee by these teams, but the Committee did finance some of the expenses of the pistol team. Fencing—Fencing was held June 28th to July 8th. A large fencing team was sent and unfortunately at the last moment, some of the best fencers were unable to accompany the team and substitutes were sent in their places. On account of having only a few days’ practice before the team arrived in Paris, they were compelled to compete when not in their best form and started very poorly. This had a bad effect on the entire team and their work did not improve, and the team made a poorer showing than their reputa­ tion would have warranted their making. The team was quartered in hotels in Paris and did not remain at Rocquencourt on account of the crowded condition of the camp, and the fact that it would have been impossible for them to have traveled back and forth and attend their competition, which took place at various times of the day. Saturday, July 5th—Opening ceremonies and parade of nations took place on Saturday, July 5th, and the American team made a splendid showing. The team was supplied with a uniform consisting of a blue coat and blue trousers and blue cap. The team was also provided with straw hats and white flannel trousers and white shoes. On the straw hat a light blue ribbon bore the American shield. The men wore blue coats, white shoes and trousers, and straw hats in the parade. The women wore white suits in the parade and blue suits for travelling, and the team made a very excellent appearance. The team was led by Colonel Thompson with Admiral Long on his right and General Treat on his left, followed by the American Olympic Committee. The women members of the team and the male members of the team followed the Committee. Altogether there were about three hundred and fifty Amer­ icans in line. The opening ceremony was a very inspiring sight and much praise was showered on the fine appearance of our teams. The Track and Field games began on July 6th and ended on July 13th. The weather in Paris during the time of the games was splendid, much cooler than had been expected, excepting on July 12th, the day when the cross-country race was held. This course was laid out through a sun field and the athletes, following the pace of the super-man of the games, “Nurmi of Finland,” ran perhaps faster than they should have and out of thirty-nine starters only fourteen finished. Many of the athletes collapsed from the heat. The Americans, however, showed up splendidly and we were the first country to have three men finish. The Finns, however, had the winner and the second man and the thirteenth man, which enabled them to win first place, with America second place. The marathon race was held on the following day and, while the weather was very warm, it was a trifle better than on the day before and the road for the marathon being laid out along shady roads, the marathon runners were able to finish in surprisingly good form. It may be, however, that the result of the cross­ country run had a marked effect on the athletes and many felt they were risking their lives to run a very hard race on so hot a day. Our athletes made a fairly good showing, De Mar finishing in third place. None of our men ran as fast as they have been accustomed to running in the United States. We did not have any entries in the Greek style of wrestling, which took place from July 6th to July 9th, but in the catch-as-catch-can wrestling, from July 10th to July 13th, the American team won the wrestling tourna­ ment. Four championships were won. Rowing—Rowing took place July 10th to July 14th and America made an excellent showing. Up to the time of selecting the team it was thought that the navy crew would undoubtedly be the best -oared crew to rep­ resent America, but at the last moment Yale decided to enter its crew and won out at the try-outs and also won out at the Olympic games. In the other event America made a good showing, scoring more points than any other country. The navy crew attended the games, sailing on the U.S.S. “West Virginia.” Modern Pentathlon—Modern pentathlon took place July 12th to July l7th. America was represented by an army team which made a very poor showing. It seems that this event depends on the ability of the competitors a s fencers, and it seems to be necessary for us to develop among our fencers athletes who can compete in all of the other events. Unfortunately our team was composed of athletes who were excellent in all of the events but in fencing. In former games we have been represented by army officers who were excellent fencers and they, therefore, were able to make a better showing than our modern pentathlon team of this year. Lawn Tennis—Lawn tennis was held July 13th to July 20th and America made a wonderful showing. The finances of the tennis team was entirely taken over by the United States Lawn Tennis Association, who assessed their membership throughout the country in such a manner as to raise enough to finance their team. They had their team housed in a hotel in Paris within about three or four miles of Colombes and won every event on the program. Richards and Miss were the outstanding stars. Swimming—Swimming was conducted July 13th to July 20th entirely at La Tourelle, contests taking place morning and afternoon. Transporting the swimmers from Colombes to La Tourelle was an expensive proposition and at the same time it was necessary to give the members of the team two meals a day in Paris. The coach saw to it that they were well fed, although the Committee were paying for the meals at Colombes, which were not used. The swimmers made a wonderful showing, both men and women, and won the greater share of the events. Boxing—Boxing was held on July 15th to July 20th. While our boxers made a splendid showing at the beginning of the tournament, winning six­ teen out of the first eighteen bouts, there were so many bouts necessary to bring the competitors to the final bout that many injuries were sustained which prevented our men from showing to the best advantage. It seemed necessary to be very rugged in addition to being scientific. However, our boxers won the greater number of points. Several disagreeable features took place in connection with boxing and there was a great deal of criticism, especially by the English, due to a bout being held in the 158 pound class between Mallon, the English champion, and Bruisse, the French champion. The French athletes wear a mouth guard to protect their teeth and it seems that in some manner the Frenchman lacerated the breast of the Englishman and the English claimed that he was bitten and the jury disqualified the Frenchman with a result that the audience hissed and hooted and howled its disapproval. The English newspaper men gave the world the impression that would withdraw from the Olympic games or would have nothing to do with Olympic games in the future. This was denied by representative Englishmen and no doubt the matter will be forgotten in a short time and the evils brought out will be corrected at the next Olympic games. The referee sits outside of the ring and the referee and the two judges are selected from countries different from those of the two competitors. This makes a very difficult problem to select the right officials and much criticism is made of their decisions. Taking all in all, the judging was very good. It is suggested, however, that expert judges be selected, no matter what country they come from and the referee to perform his duties, as they do in this country, from inside the ring, and it is very likely that better results will be obtained. The Olympic rules provide for a final round of four minutes. We do not practice any more than three-minute rounds in this country and our athletes found the last round a very trying one. Gymnastics—Gymnastics were held on July 17th to July 23rd. We had a team of twelve men entered and made an excellent showing in sports which are not practiced very much in this country. We won one of the individual events and took fifth place in the team event for teams of eight men. We were not entered in the weight-lifting, which took place on July 21st to July 24th. Equestrian Games—In the equestrian games, which took place on July 21st to July 27th, America had a very good team but is much behind the Continental teams in this sport and, while our team and our horses made a good showing, still we did not win any place in the competition. Cycling—Cycling held July 23rd to July 27th. We were represented by a road team and by an individual in track events. This is also a sport which is not as popular in this country as abroad and our team did not make a good showing. Yachting—Yachting was held July 24th to July 27th, but we were not represented by any entries. The games closed on July 27th and America had a fair representation of athletes present to receive their prizes, but the closing games were rather disappointing on account of few of the other countries being represented by their competitors. Most of them left immediately after the track games were over on July 13th. The teams returned on the 28th on the “America.” A great many of the athletes remained over to compete in games being held in other countries. A large team of about sixty-five (65) went to England to compete against the British Empire Team and made a wonderful record by winning eleven out of fourteen events. Another team went to Sweden and competed in six cities, including , and in each one of these places an audience of about 25,000 greeted them and America was well received. Another team went to Austria, competed in and , and was also victorious. A large team went to Ireland for the Tailtien Games. A team of swimmers went to and also to England and made a remark­ able showing in defeating the British Empire Team. Some of the swimmers made a tour through Europe and a few of the athletes have been invited to go to Japan. There was no charge to the Olympic Committee for any of these trips as the countries guaranteed expenses from Paris and return. Financing—The Committee began with the plan of circularizing the country, asking for $150 contributions to finance the games. This only drew about $20,000, and General Allen was then appointed executive officer and chairman of the Finance Committee, and undertook to raise the money. Some better plan must be worked out to raise funds in the future and a definite financial system must be established to prevent every Tom, Dick and Harry raising money on the plea that it is in connection with the Olympic games, as some of this money does not reach the treasurer. The financial outlook seems to be that we will have raised the sum of $350,000 which we set out to raise and that our expenses will be well within that amount, even though we had based our estimates on 350 athletes for our team, which was increased to about 450. The Olympic Committee had in its power the right to say how many men it would finance. They did so but in almost every case they received appeals of the various committees on sports to send more men. We must set our foot down on such a proposition in the future, decide just how many men we will select and finance and not accept an additional entry. The team can be cut down twenty per cent without impairing its athletic strength and this work should be done long before the try-outs are held, because when it is left to the last minute so much pressure is brought to bear that it is difficult to keep the size of the team down to the number that the Committee would like to have it cut down to. Under no circumstances should we again take over a number of athletes at a reduced rate. These athletes cause a great deal of trouble to the coaches and managers. The system of having a manager and a coach for each sport, while it did not work out so well in some sports, was very satisfactory in others, and I be­ lieve is the best system that can be devised, provided we get the right men. If each team is housed in separate hotels, none of the difficult problems will develop which developed at Rocquencourt, where we had a large number housed and as soon as the games were over the coaches and athletes wished to go sightseeing, but our expenses to main a large housing plant did not decrease. The housing and transportation problem is a very difficult one, and it would pay to send an experienced coach to make the final selection of the hotels, training places, etc., about a year before the games are held. Yours very truly,

FREDERICK W. RUBIEN, Secretary. AMERICAN OLYMPIC TEAMS, 1924 Track and Field Team Manager Charles A. Dean, Chicago Assistant Managers George V. Brown, Boston Samuel Goodman, San Francisco Head Track Coach Head Field Coach Lawson Robertson. Univ. of Penh. Walter Christie, Univ. of California. Assistant Coaches A. Alonzo Stagg, University of Chi­ Edward L. Farrell, Harvard Univer­ cago sity Harry L. Hillman, Dartmouth College Lt. E. Vidal, U . S . Mil. Academy, T. F. Keane, Syracuse University West Point John J. Magee, Bowdoin College William Hayward, University of Oregon Chief Medical Officer Dr. Graeme M. Hammond Assistants Dr. Milton A. Bridges, Dr. R. Franklin Cartel Nurse Miss Josephine H. Mathews Marathon Trainer Michael J. Ryan, Colby College Attendants Jacob Weber Frank Jones William Morris Charles Porter Team Chef Abraham L. Scott, Philadelphia 100 Meters, 200 Meters and James Burgess, Georgetown Univ. 400 Meters Relay Allan Helffrich, Penna. State College Jackson V. Scholz, New York A .C . C. S. Cochrane, Olympic Club, San Charles Paddock, Los Angeles A .C . Francisco , Syracuse University , Newark A .C . 800 Meters Francis Hussey, Stuyvesant High Wm. B. Richardson, Stanford Univ. School, N. Y S. C. Enck, Penna. State College Bayes Norton, Yale University , Oregon Agr. College George L. Hill, University of Penna. , Illinois A.C. Alfred Leconey, Meadowbrook Club J. N. Watters, Harvard University Louis Clark, Johns Hopkins University Larry Brown, Penn A .C .Phila­ Fred Love joy, New York A.C. delphia 400 Meters Race and 1600 Meters 1500 Meters Relay J. Coard Taylor, New York A.C. , Illinois A.C. H. Fitch, Chicago A. A. , Boston A. A. R. A. Robertson, Boston A. A. W. O. Spencer, Mississippi A. & M. Eric C. Wilson, University of Iowa College J. O. McDonald, University of Penna. Ray Watson, Illinois A.C. 3000 Meters Running High Jump , Illinois A.C. Leroy T. Brown, New York A.C. Edward B. Kirby, Cornell University H. M. Osborn, Illinois A.C. James J. Connolly, Newark , Kansas University , Holy Cross College L. R. Juday, Penn R. R. A. A. W. L. Tibbets, Jr., Harvard University Running Broad Jump W. L. Cox, Mercersburg Academy De Hart Hubbard, Univ. of 5000 Meters E. O. Gourdin, Dorchester Club, Mass. Albert E. Rose, Univ. of Pennsylvania , Penn State W. A. Comins, Yale University H. R. Phelps, University of Iowa Paul F. Boren, Univ. of California Rilus Doolittle, Butler College William Dowding, Georgetown Univ. G. E. Lermond, Boston A. A. Running Hop, Step and Jump 10,000 Meters Flat and 10,000 Meters De Hart Hubbard, Univ. of Michigan Cross-Country Marvin Graham, Kansas University Verne H. Booth, Johns Hopkins Univ. Mack Keeble, Univ. of John J. Gray, Enterprise C.Y.M.A.U. , Univ. of So. California Pa. Kaufman Geist, 92nd St. Y.M.H.A., August Fager, Finnish-American A. N.Y. C., N .Y . , Wabash College Ralph Spearow, Univ. of Oregon , E. Thompson Steel , Hollywood H. S., Calif. Works, Pittsburgh James K. Brooker, Univ. of Michigan James Henigan, Dorchester Club, G. Graham, California Tech. Mass. E. E. Meyers, Chicago A. A. Arthur Studenroth, Meadowbrook Ben Owens, Univ. of Pennsylvania Club, Pa. Sidney Leslie, New York A.C. F. D. Tootell, Boston A. A. 3,000 Meters Steeplechase M. J. McGrath, New York A.C. R. Payne, Ohio State , Olympic Club, San Marvin Rick, New York A.C. Francisco M. A. Devaney, Millrose A. A. New James McEachern, Olympic Club, San York Francisco Basil Irwin, Newark A.C. C. F. Gates, J. D. Bell, Brooklyn Evening H. S. Lt. W. A. Jackson, U .S . Army 10,000 Meters Walk Clarence Houser, Univ. of So. Calif. Harvey Hinkel, Glencoe A. C. N. Y. , Leland Stanford , Detroit Y. M. C. A. Ralph G. Hills, Princetown Univ. Norman Anderson, Univ. of So. Calif. 110 Meters Hurdle Lt. H. B. Liversedge, U .S . Navy G. Guthrie, Ohio State P. J. McDonald, New York A .C. Dan Kinsey, University of Illinois Discus F. P. Johnson, Illinois A. C. T. J. Lieb, Illinois A.C. , Illinois A. C. Augustus Pope, Illinois A .C . C. H. Moore, Penn State College Charles Ashton, New York A .C . Clarence Houser, Univ. of So. Calif. 400 Meters Hurdle Throwing the Javelin F. , Grinnell College Wm. Neufeld, University of Calif. C. R. Brookins, University of Iowa L. B. Priester, Mississippi A. & M. C. F. Coulter, University of Iowa College Ivan Reilly, Illinois A.C. Homer Welchell, Georgia Tech. H. M. Layton, University of Nebraska , Notre Dame Univ. Pentathlon H. F. Frieda, Univ of Chicago Robert Le Gendre, Newark A.C. , Univ. of So. Calif. Morton Kaer, University of So. Calif. Herman C. Bagby, Univ. of Arkansas , Occidental College, California Marathon A. B. Leggett, U .S. Navy , Kansas City A.C. Chas. Mellor Charles West, Wash. & Jefferson Un. Clarence De Mar Frank Wendling Decathlon W. J. Churchill H. M. Osborn, Illinois A.C. Emerson Norton, Georgetown Univ. Ralph Williams

Swimming Team

Manager John T. Taylor, Pittsburgh

Head Coach Wm. Bachrach, Chicago Women’s Coach Diving Coach L. de B. Handley, New York Ernst Brandsten, Stanford Univ., Cal. Chaperones Miss Charlotte Epstein, New York Mrs. Charles A. Dean, Chicago Swimming Team (Women) 100 Meters Free Style 100 Meters , New York W. S. A. , Illinois A.C. Mariechen Wehselau, Honolulu Doris O’Mara, N .Y . W. S. A. Ethel Lackie, Illinois A.C. , N .Y . W. S. A. , N .Y . W. S. A. Frances Schroth, San Francisco , Peoples Palace, N.J. Florence Chambers, R. C. Euphrasia Donnelly, Indianapolis Anna McCleary, Baltimore 200 Meters Breast Stroke 400 Meters Free Style , N .Y . W. S. A. Eleanor Coleman, Milwaukee A.C. Gertrude Ederle, N.Y. W. S. A. Matilda Schuerich, N .Y . W. S. A. Helen Wainwright, N.Y. W. S. A. Ruth Thomas, Ambassador S. C. Martha Norelius, Peoples Palace, N.J. Margaret Ravior, Philadelphia, T. V. Fancy Diving Mariechen Wehselau, Honolulu Aileen Riggin, N .Y . W. S. A. Ethel McGary, N .Y . W. S. A. Elizabeth Beaker, Ambassador S. C. Helen Wainwright, N.Y. W. S. A. 400 Meters Relay Carol Fletcher, Los Angeles Helen Meany, N .Y . W. S. A. Gertrude Ederle, N.Y. W .S.A. Eva Schultz, Portland, Oregon Mairiechen Wehselau, Honolulu Ethel Lackie, Illinois A.C. High Diving Helen Wainwright, N.Y. W. S. A. Helen Meany, N .Y . W. S. A. Doris O’Mara, N .Y . W. S. A. Caroline Smith, Cairo, Illinois Martha Norelius, Peoples Palace, N.J. Elizabeth Becker, Ambassador S. C. Euphrasia Donnelly, Indianapolis Alma Mann, Panama Ethel McGary, N .Y . W. S. A. Clarita Hunsberger, Leland Stanford, Margaret Ravior, Philadelphia T. V. California Swimming Team (Men) 100 Meters Free Style , Los Angeles A.C. John Weissmuller, Illinois A.C. Harold Kruger, Illinois A.C. Duke Kahanamoku, Los Angeles A.C. Sam Kahanamoku, Sam Kahanamoku, Hawaii Springboard Diving Jack Robertson, Olympic Club Pua Kealoha, Hawaii Al White, Stanford University Pete Desjardines, Roman Pool, Miami, 400 Meters Free Style Florida John Weissmuller, Illinois A.C. Clarence Pinkston, Olympic Club Lester Smith, Olympic Club Dave Fall, Stanford University Ralph Breyer, Northwestern Univ. Richard Howell, Northwestern Univ. High Fancy Diving Harry Glancy, Pittsburgh Clarence Pinkston, Olympic Club 1,500 Meters Free Style Al White, Stanford University Richard Howell, Northwestern Univ. Tom McKee, Olympic Club Wallace O’Connor, Venice, Cal. Dave Fall, Stanford University Adam Smith, Erie Y .M .C.A. Tom Hirschfield, City A.C. 200 Meters Breast Stroke High Plain Diving Robert Skelton, Illinois A .C . Ben Thrash, Olympic Club John Faricy, Illinois A.C. Clarence Pinkston, Olympic Club William Kirschbaum, Hawaii Pete Desjardines, Roman Pool, Miami, 100 Meters Backstroke Florida , Hawaii Dave Fall, Stanford University Henry Luning, Hawaii Tom McKee, Olympic Club Charles Pung, Hawaii , Uniontown Y.M.C.A. Arthur Austin, Olympic Club Oliver Horn, Illinois A.C. Hal Vollmer, New York A.C. 800 Meters Relay John Curren, New York A.C. John Weissmuller, Illinois A .C . Wallace O’Connor, Venice, Cal. Warren Kealoha, Hawaii , Chicago A. A. Lester Smith, Olympic Club Ted Cann, New York A.C. Richard Howell, Northwestern Univ. Oliver Horn, Illinois A.C. Ralph Breyer, Northwestern Univ. G. Mitchell, Olympic Club Wallace O’Conner, Venice A.C. Geo. Schroth, Olympic Club Ted Cann, New York A.C. Jam Handy, Illinois A.C. Pua Kealoha, Hawaii Harold Kruger, Illinois A.C. Adam Smith, Erie Y. M, C. A. Fred Laver, Illinois A.C. Harry Glancy, Pittsburgh Elmer Collett, Stanford Univ. Boxing Team Manager Wm. H. Cuddy, Boston Assistant Manager Ben Levine, New York Coach H. M. Webb, Annapolis Trainers Al Lacy, Boston Capt. C. Mabutt, Baltimore 112 Pounds Ensign J. A. Hayes, Naval Academy Fidel La Barba, Los. Angeles A.C. P . Sarron, Birmingham, Ala. Ray Fee, Olympic Club J. McDermott, St. Bartholomews N .Y 118 Pounds 160 Pounds S. Tripolie, Hollywood Inn Club, Ben Funk, Yale University Yonkers, N.Y. A. Allegrini, Los Angeles A .C . Joe Lazarus, Cornell University A. Lefkowitch, Univ. of Virginia Harry Marcus, , Ohio Lt. John V. Grombach, U .S . Army Patsy Ruffalo, Yonkers, N.Y. 175 Pounds 126 Pounds Joe Salas, Los Angeles A.C. Tom Kirby, Roxbury, Mass. Harry Wallach, Beecher Club, N.Y. Murray Gitlitz, New Haven, Conn. Jack Fields, Los Angeles A.C. Geo. Mulholland, Indianapolis 135 Pounds Edward Eagan, , Col. Fred Boylston, Kittining, Pa. Royal Coffman, Omaha A.C. Heavyweight Ben Rothwell, Pastime A.C. , N.Y. E. G. Greathouse, Washington 147 Pounds Y.M.C.C. Al Mello, Lowell, Mass. Lester Mayle, U .S . Army John Rini, Cleveland, Ohio G. R. Madeira, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hugh Haggerty, Pittsburgh, Pa. J. J. Madden, U .S . Navy Wrestling Team Manager C. W. Streit, Jr., Birmingham Coach Trainer W. E. Cann, Elizabeth Wilbur Hutsell, Birmingham 123 Pounds Guy Lookabough, Oklahoma A. & M. College Bryan Hines, Northwestern Univ. William B. Johnson, Columbia Univ. C. Milton McWilliams, Cornell Univ. S. H. Brown 174 Pounds W. D. Wright, Cornell Univ. 134 Pounds Orion Stuteville, Central State Teach­ Robin Reed, Oregon Agri. College ers’ College Chester Newton Multnomah A. A.C. H. A. Smith, U .S . Navy 192 Pounds 145 Pounds Charles W. Strack, Colgate Univ. Russell Vis, Los Angeles A .C . W. B. F. Quinn, New York A.C. Kenneth Truckenmiller, Cornell Coll. John F. Spellman, Brown Univ. E. Rogers, U .S . Navy Heavyweight 158 Pounds R. L. Flanders, Northfield, Vt. Perry Martter, Los Angeles A.C. Harry Steele, Ohio State Univ. Gymnastic Team Manager and Coach Roy E. Moore, New York Frank J. Kriz Frank Kruse Adolph Zink Alfred Jochim John C. Mais John F. Andreason J.B. Pearson Curt Rottman Rudolph Novok Frank Safanda Max Wandrer Charles Cremer Modern Pentathlon Capt. E. N. Harmon, Cavalry Capt. Don Scott, 30th Inf. 2nd Lieut. Geo. H. Bare, 21st Inf. 2nd Lieut. Frederick Pitts, 3rd Corps. Rowing Manager James M. Daly, Philadelphia Manager Yale Crew, John M. Goetchius Coach Frank J. Muller Single Shell W. E. Garret Gilmore, Pennsylvania Barge Club Double Shell Paul V. Costello John B. Kelly William R. Hapgood Pennsylvania Barge Club Pair Oared Shell Leon E. Butler Harold C. Wilson Edward F. Jennings Pennsylvania Barge Club Four Oared Shell Edward P. Mitchell, Jr. Robert B. Gerhardt John G. Kennedy Henry Reed Welsford Sidney Jellinek Charles S. Stokes, Jr. Pennsylvania Barge Club Eight Oared Shell J .D . Linkley J . L . Miller F. Sheffield B .M . Stock J.S . Rockefeller L.G. Carpenter H.T. Kingsbury A .M . Wilson L.R. Stoddard Substitutes R.M. Barnard A.H. Peterson K .A . Ives A.M. Quarrer W .L. Goodwin Yale University Fencing Team Manager Leon Schoonmaker Coaches F. H. Darrieulat J. Costello Leon Shore Lt. L. V. Castner B. Boyce J. Brooks B. Parker A P . Walker H. Bloomer Chauncey McPherson A. Strauss Miss Adeline Gehrig H. van Buskirk D. Waldhous Mrs. Charles V. Hopper Lt. G .C . Calnan Lt. P .W . Allison Arthur S. Lt. T .P . Jeter J .E . Gignoux George H. Breed Clay Pigeon Trapshooting Team Manager Wilford H. Fawcett, Ontario, Canada John H. Noel, Nashville, Tenn. S. H. Sharman, Salt Lake City, Utah Clarence B. Platt, Camden, N .J . Fred R. Etchen, Coffeyville, Kan. Frank H. Hughes, Neligh, Neb. William S. Silkworth, N . Y . C., N .Y . Revolver Team Captain Dr. Reginald H. Sayre E. Andino A .A . Lane B. G. Betke D. R. Calkins H.M. Baily H.D. Frazer H.J. Whaling E .A . Fox H. Billingsley Rifle Team Manager Major L. W .T. Waller Major J. K. Boles Lt. Sidney R. Hinds M. V. Dinwiddie Gun. Sgt. R .O . Coutler Com. C.T. Osborne Walter R. Stokes Gun. Sgt. Dennis Fenton Col. C.D. Stodter Joseph W. Crockett Gun. Sgt. Morris Fisher Tennis Team Men’s Singles R. N. Williams, 2nd Francis Townsend Hunter Men’s Doubles Vincent Richard Watson Washburn Francis T. Hunter Richard Norris Williams, 2nd Ladies’ Singles Helen Wills Eleanor Goss Marion Jessup Lillian Scharman Ladies’ Doubles Hazel Wightman Marion Jessup Eleanor Goss Lillian Scharman Mixed Doubles Marion Jessup Hazel Wightman R .N . Williams, 2nd Vincent Richards Equestrian Team Manager Major John A. Barry Major Sloan Doak Capt. Vernon L. Padgett Lt. Frank L. Carr Maj. Edward W. Taublee Capt. W. T. Bauskett Lt. Paul M. Robinett Maj. Charles P. George Capt. Jean R. Underwood Lt. Frederic H. Bontecou Polo Manager Thomas Hitchcock George G. Moore Elmer J. Boeske, Jr. Rodman Wanamaker Frederick Roe Cycling Team Manager D .J. McIntyre, New York 1,000 Meters 4,000 Meters Pursuit Race William S. Fenn, Jr. William S. Fenn, Jr. Ignatius Gronkowski Ignatius Gronkowski 50 Kilometers Without Trainers 188 Kilometers Road Race William S. Fenn, Jr. Victor Hopkins Ignatius Gronkowski Ignatius Gronkowski John Boulicault 2,000 Meters Tandem Race Gus Hentschel William S. Fenn, Jr. John Armando Ignatius Gronkowski Rene Braet Rugby Team Manager Samuel Goodman Coach Charles A. Austin Colby E. Slater Norman Cleveland John J. Cashel Alan Frank Williams Robert H. Deveveux Rudolph J. Scholz John F. O’Neil W. L. Rogers William S. Muldoon Charles W. Doe N.B. Slater Caesar Monelli Joseph G. Hunter Alan C. Valentine Hugh P. Cunningham George Dixon Philip C. Clark Charles Grondona Frank W. Hyland Dudley DeGroot Sen W. Farrish Jack Patrick Edward Graff Edward H. Turkington Soccer Team Manager George Collins, Boston Coach George Burford, Philadelphia, Pa. Aage Emil Brix Henry Charles Farrell Fred O’Connor William Findlay Carl W .F . Johnson Herb. Wells Raymond A. Hornberger William Jacob Demko Burkh. Jones James Henry Mulholland Irving Cyril Davis Ed. Hart James Rody Arthur George Rudd S. Dalryumple Andrew John Straden James Douglas Speed Skating Manager Wm. E. Taylor Joseph J. Moore Valentine Bialas E. Steinmetz Harry H. Kaskey Charles Jewtraw Richard E. Donovan Figure Skating Judge Charles M. Rotch Miss Beatrix Loughran Mrs. Chas. B. Blanchard Nathaniel W. Niles Hockey Manager William S. Haddock Trainer Thomas Murray Justin J. McCarthy John Arthur Langley Clarence J. Abel William W. Rice Irving W. Small Frank Synnot Herbert J. Drury Alphonse A. La Croix John Ski Manager Col. George H. Leach Ragnar Omtvedt Lerrtoine Batson Anders Haugen John Carleton Sigurd Overbye Harry Lien REPORT OF MANAGER TRACK AND FIELD TEAM, CHARLES A. DEAN

As manager of the American Olympic Track and Field Team for 1924, I herewith submit this report. I wish to express my thanks to any of the officers or members of the American Olympic Committeewho cooperated with the managers on this trip. I also take this opportunity of expressing com­ mendation to the two assistant managers of the track and field team, Mr. George V. Brown and Mr. Sam Goodman. On the whole, the trip was a success and the morale of the athletes excel­ lent, especially on the trip over. Conditions at Rocquencourt were not those which would bring out the best in an athlete. It is impossible to treat a trained athlete the same as a soldier, either in the matter of living quarters or of food. I believe that the committee did everything they could to make things right and comfortable for the men. My suggestion in the future would be to have every team travel as their own unit instead of taking all together such as the track and field, swimming, boxing, wrestling, etc. One of the most essential things for future Olympics is the transporting of our own American cooks so that our athletes can be assured of good, whole­ some food cooked in the way they are used to. I would also recommend that the manager and assistant managers be given entire authority over the team which they are the head of. Everything should be done through the manager. It is a big mistake to treat athletes the same as soldiers and where military and naval men are in control this is bound to be the case. A trained athlete is temperamental as a rule and you cannot get 100 per cent efficiency out of him if his mind is in a disturbed state from being handled the same as would a soldier. There is no doubt that the Executive Committee had a big job on their hands and, under the circumstances, the job was well done. In the future in picking headquarters and making arrangements ahead of time, two’ or three trained men, preferably coaches, should be sent over to look the ground over and make the arrangements. In this way mistakes would be avoided. Our American Team did remarkably well and the athletes are to be commended on the showing that they made. In picking the Olympic Team the picking should be done at least two months in advance. If not two months, at least thirty days ahead to give the athletes a chance to arrange their busi­ ness or their affairs, secure passports, etc., so the committee themselves are in a better position to know what transportation facilities are needed, etc. Arrangements should also be made to pay the traveling expenses both ways of all men who make the team. At this last Olympic it caused considerable trouble and dissatisfaction, as it was the understanding ahead of time that the expenses would be paid to and from New York. I also believe that the athletes, after the sacrifice they have made, are entitled to first class passage and lower berth while traveling. I take this opportunity of thanking the officers and the members of the Executive Committee for my appointment as manager of the Track and Field Team and sincerely hope that any suggestions or recommendations which I have made will be taken in the spirit of construction as they are intended.

Yours very truly,

CHAS. A. DEAN, Manager, Track and Field Team. REPORT OF ASSISTANT MANAGER OF TRACK AND FIELD, GEORGE V. BROWN

There are many things to be said on both sides of the conditions, etc. of the American team at the Eighth Olympiad, Paris, France, 1924. It has been my good fortune to attend five (5) sets of Olympic games, and there has been something wrong with the management of every one of them, from an American standpoint, with the possible exception of Stockholm. Now, do not misunderstand me. I am not trying to put the blame on any of the managers of these teams. Far from it, as at every Olympiad I tried to help a little, and was somewhat mixed up in the management. At St. Louis we all know everything was wrong. At London, the Morton House was selected, and it was not a fit place for athletes to live. At Stockholm, a wonderful trip, with living conditions excellent, and the best managed Olympic trip of all. At , we all know under what conditions we lived. At Paris, our overseas trip was delightful, but living conditions at Roc- quencourt were not so good. Remedy—Profit by our past experiences. Start early, have a committee who will use judgment, and have every person connected with the trip in an official capacity understand just what he is to do and have some one see that he does it. Impress on the officials that they are on business instead of pleasure, and your Olympic Committee will be doing a great work. * Respectfully submitted, GEORGE V. BROWN.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT MANAGER OF TRACK AND FIELD TEAM SAM GOODMAN As manager of the Rugby Football Team, the writer was one of the first American officials to arrive in Paris during the competition proper period, and after completing this assignment in May, devoted attention to general arrangements in preparation for the arrival on June 25th of the main con­ tingent of our athletes. Upon their arrival, I was assigned to general duty work at the Headquarters Office, 80 Champs de Elysee and therefore could not take up the position of assistant manager to the Track and Field Team. For this reason, my report will not be confined to this particular section but deal with conditions in general. Omitting the minor details relative to our camps at Rocquencourt and Colombes Village. It was apparent in May and June that both these places were, in many respects, unpractical and unsuited to the accommodation of our athletes. However, it was too late to make any change of location, which would also have entailed a very serious financial loss due to the invest­ ments already made at both Rocquencourt and Colombes; therefore, the only remaining course was to make the best of a bad situation. It can be confidently asserted that the accommodations tendered our ath­ letes at Rocquencourt and Colombes were undoubtedly the best obtainable under the circumstances, and while there naturally were some complaints, nevertheless, conditions were clean, wholesome and sanitary with plenty of good food that fared somewhat badly in the service. When it is realized that at Rocquencourt, particularly, everything had to be constructed from the foundations up, and this at a location far removed from any center or transportation point, some idea will be gathered of the difficulties confronting General Hoskins, who had charge of same, and to whom is due the utmost credit for his untiring and painstaking efforts in making both camps as habitable and comfortable as possible, under the circumstances that were mostly very distressing. Our sincerest thanks are also due to the American Ladies’ Committee of Paris, headed by Mrs. Stephen Pell and Madame Dupuy, who appeared never to tire in their task of ministering to the comfort of our men and women. The preparatory work necessary was enormous and its successful com­ pletion was due in a large measure to the magnificent assistance and coopera­ tion rendered by the American residents in Paris, particularly Colonel Drake and Colonel Ward and the officials of the United States Steamship Line. Certain essentials are necessary for the accommodation and maintenance of condition in our athletes, particularly in preparation for Olympic Games competition, combined with general surroundings and comforts that generate spirit and morale. These essentials were not to be found at either Rocquen­ court or Colombes on account of their general isolation, lack of transporta­ tion, training facilities, catering difficulties, etc., and were physically unob­ tainable in the time at our command. There was undoubtedly considerable inefficiency in our own ranks and a lack of coordination in many respects, due mainly, I believe, to many officials failing to sense and assume their proper responsibility, or understand what duty was really expected of them, combined in other instances, with a surplus of officials without any defined duty. . Experience demonstrates that Olympic Games participation requires two well defined branches for any contingent, namely, competitive and social divisions, which, to a very material degree should be divorced if the most effective results are desired. This is particularly applicable to the United States and is a point that should not be overlooked in future Olympiads. A well-defined division of responsibility should also maintain among the various executive officials, managers and coaches, in regards to accommodation, com­ missary, transportation, finances, equipment, etc., etc., thereby attaining effi­ cient control and furthermore relieving the president of the many trivial and minor detail matters such as were submitted to him in Paris. It would be of material assistance and expedite matters to a very con­ siderable degree, if' the nation holding the games would appoint or assign, a liason or constant duty official in the office or headquarters of each visiting nation. If such office or headquarters could be located in or near the home nation’s building, it would be the means of avoiding endless confusion, mis­ understanding and lack of information, plus facilitating the distribution of mail, official information and kindred details, efficiency in conducting the numerous matters of official business and a general centralization of effort. Devoid of any intent to criticize, except in a constructive spirit, and fur­ thermore recognizing that the American Olympic Committee exercised every possible reasonable economy, it is my firm opinion, however, that the American teams could have been accommodated in Paris in a proper manner and under better general conditions through the medium of hotels at a far lower cost than was effected. By this is meant that the underlying principle of erecting camps with the accompanying trouble of catering and equipment, probably at greater expense, is fundamentally wrong and should not be entertained in the future. Admittedly, conditions at no two Olympiads will be comparable, never­ theless, I believe our athletes should be accommodated in hotels, segregated or grouped as may be deemed advisable, arrangements for which could be made in the winter preceding the games, preferably by the director general and head manager, who would then have some knowledge of the actual condi­ tions prevailing. Such accommodations could undoubtedly be procured at a very reasonable cost, with the responsibility borne by those whose business it is and therefore where it belongs. Such an arrangement, with hotels in close proximity, housing various allied sport groups under their respective manager and coaches, and the whole under divisional directors would be an economical, efficient and effective organization. Carrying this thought further, I submit the following basis of organiza­ tion for future Olympiads:

—Finance

—Secretarial

—Transportation

—Food Director General— —Accommodation Divisional Directors— —Equip & Baggage

—Managers

—Coaches

—Medical

—Entertainment & Social

The duties for each position are sufficient to keep the holder thereof fully occupied, not only after arrival on the scene of action, but prior to sailing and enroute. With competent men in these positions, such organiza­ tion should procure the maximum of care and comfort for our athletes, com­ bined with the advantage of centralizing responsibility and coordination of effort. This report would be incomplete without mention of the British Empire versus United States Track and Field meet, held at Stamford Bridge Grounds, London, Saturday, July 19th, which was staged at the invitation and expense of the Amateur Athletic Association of Great Britain. Our party of approximately 90 athletes and officials were most hospitably entertained by the British authorities, while the meet itself was a huge suc­ cess and presented many thrills and exciting moments for the 40,000 spec­ tators present. The program comprised 14 events consisting of 6 field events, best aggregate of 3 men to count and 8 relay races of 4 men. The final score was United States, 11 events; British Empire, 3 events. Many other visits to almost every section of Europe were arranged for various groups of our athletes under competent supervision, all of which were successfully concluded. The writer is unable to furnish details cover­ ing same having taken charge of the London trip.

Respectfully submitted,

SAM GOODMAN. REPORT OF HEAD TRACK COACH LAWSON ROBERTSON I believe that the method of selecting teams, except in the case of the marathon run, cannot be improved upon. It has been suggested that there was too much trying out and that the athletes were pointed for and conse­ quently were in their best physical condition for the final tryouts. But, in view of the large area from which athletes are selected, it would be imprac­ tical to have the teams selected without the sectional and final tryouts. If a Committee should select our best athletes without trials, the cry would immediately arise, that the Committee were unfair in their selection. This would injure the campaign for contributions and would create an unpleas­ ant situation in choosing the Selection Committee. From our experience in 1920 and 1924, the ocean voyage was of too long duration. The date of departure following the tryout, should not be later than five (5) days follow­ ing the final tryouts. This should be applicable to all teams, including the marathon runners. We should travel as quickly as possible across the ocean and teams should be sent in separate units, so that each group would arrive about four (4) or five (5) days before their competitions take place. The most important part of our participation in the games abroad, is not the coaching, but the management. Suitable arrangements should be made for all of the athletes to train and to live as nearly as possible to the condi­ tions under which they are accustomed at home. This applies to sleeping accommodations, with not more than two (2) men in a room and with the same food and its preparation as the athletes are in the habit of getting in the United States. As regards the training facilities, the grounds should be within easy access to the hotel. The Olympic Committee this year, with all good inten­ tions, isolated the athletes from the scene of action, probably with the pur­ pose of getting the athletes away from the temptations of a large metropolis. My experience has been that the number of athletes that break training on such a journey are a negligible quantity. Athletes who are good enough to have been selected to represent America are usually of the type of men who do not break training. Their work in perfecting themselves to have the ability to make the team, entails habitual self-sacrifice in matters of training for a number of years, and it is very unlikely that they would jeopardize their chances to win a world’s championship by breaking training just pre­ vious to the competition. Of course, in view of the crowded conditions in Paris, I believe the Committee made a wonderful selection in Rocquencourt, but we all know now how we were handicapped by transportation facilities to the training grounds. The lack of proper training facilities was probably no fault of the Committee, as athletes of other countries also undoubtedly suffered; but, in one instance, that of J. C. Taylor, who injured his tendon training on the straightaway track at Rocquencourt, I attribute the loss of the 400 metre championship! I believe that each group, such as “track and field,” swimming, wrestling, etc., should be separately managed and transported and that a manager or other experienced person representing each large group, should be sent abroad at least one year in advance, to provide accommodations and training facil­ ities for his own department, and I believe that a salaried official should be engaged, if funds permit, to begin immediately the organization work for 1928. If a competent salaried official were engaged now, the American Olympic Committee would hold him responsible until the completion of the games, instead of having a lot of well-meaning volunteers, whose time and attention are divided. I would like to recommend that the United States uniform (particularly in track and field) be changed to colors more distinctive, as there is at present too large a predominance of “white.” This would prevent errors in judging the finish of short races and would help teammates in the team, to distinguish each other more rapidly, in the team races. The above comprises my observations of the methods employed by the Committee in this year’s games, and I have endeavored to make this report as brief as possible, with the hope that the aforementioned facts which I have outlined may be of assistance in improving our methods of handling the teams. Very sincerely yours, LAWSON ROBERTSON.

REPORT OF HEAD FIELD COACH WALTER M. CHRISTIE

I am glad the team won for America’s sake and for the sake of your­ selves, the athletes, and to those who helped in various ways and means to send the team over. The unity of coaches was good and loyalty begets loyalty. All the coaches should feel proud and happy. I do. Track and field athletics do much towards uniting nations and producing good will to one to another, they overtop statesmanship, politics and policies. The reports of English papers and reports spread out here in American papers, always mention one particular sport as being abused; never is it track and field athletics. From my observations track and field athletics are the real Olympiad. They are worth all the units of athletes sent over by your worthy selves, and more, they are the Big Show itself. For actual worth, for real good, for future, for present, they stand supremely alone. Now for my end of the program. As head field coach I am happy to say, you gathered together to represent our beloved America, a most con­ genial, harmonious group of young, manly, red-blooded American youths. They arose to any and all occasions and they scored decisively in all events except the hop, step and jump. This was a glowing tribute to real youthful competitors and to the wisdom used by the selection committee. My field athletes were well behaved, mannerly and orderly at all times. If per­ chance there was any friction it was caused by the alternates (some exceptions of course), who thought themselves better than the regulars. The personal element entered in some cases and carried along by higher ups in some cases, who wanted the coaches in some way to change their minds, fully made up, for the best interests of the American team. More time in Europe might have given us a chance for tryouts, but you will remember we had to make entries on the boat and we did so in running events and field events. One or two out of sorts alternates certainly could and did mar some of the peace and harmony of the whole trip. Right here it might be well for me to say, I did not and do not feel as if any mistake was made and I would do the same thing over again. I placed the American team ahead of any one particular athlete. One case was close, and right here, if the Committee in charge had attended to rooms, passports, wives of the party, etc., things would have gone much better for better athletic performances. To do away with such affairs again, I suggest athletes with wives, leave wives in America, it would be for the best interests of everybody, for if anything is amiss or goes wrong the athlete naturally is off form. I also suggest no alternates in the future—pick out the number competing and let it go at that. It would leave more harmony and bring about the same results as by taking over alternates for each event. The field men had, however, no roughness or bad behavior, but just the thought that they were better than some of the regulars and they certainly let it be known morning, noon and night. I have never traveled with a better behaved crowd than the track and field team that went to the Olympiad at Paris on the America. The field men were real, true, worthy companions one to another, and the contrast shown by one athlete of another sport or event, a sort of leader, certainly was a contrast. Where track and field men made harmony, this other athlete certainly caused trouble on boat, on shore, and on boat again, even to the last day of the sea trip home. You asked for suggestions. I do so, not in the spirit of criticism, but for the good of future teams and as an aid to you folks. We live and learn, hence we make mistakes; the Committee did; you were not prepared. The squad was too large for a small committee. You could not handle the baggage with its thousands of pieces. Too many units travel­ ing together. It was over big, it was too large a personnel. Some of the units do not fit into Olympic games or meaning. If this should be true, leave them out of the games. This is my personal feeling, also feel as though the Olympiad is over burdened as it is. I am glad that the walk and cross country was cut out of the track and field games. From what I saw over in Paris the committee should start right in now to train young bright men into the ways of the why and wishes and wants of the needs of the committee. You folks all know the shortcomings made and you know the type and kind of men needed in Paris at the past Olympiad. You needed organizers, wide awake young men to handle transportation, baggage, trips, tickets, moneys. You needed over there, in Paris, a better feeling between athletes and committees and a 'better feeling among the committee itself. Some of the committee seemed to be unapproachable; that certainly did not create harmony all around. You needed an information committee a committee on the field itself, wholly to be able to handle emergencies that might creep up and not do anything else on the field. You wanted a committee to handle small things, petty things. Colonel Thompson was bothered to a breakdown by small, cheap things. When an athlete would bother the Colonel for an apple for a girl swimmer, you can readily see just what is needed to let the Colonel or the man in charge do the big things really necessary. Everybody seemed to be trying to ingratiate themselves into the Colonel’s good graces. He certainly was bothered to death by trifles; he was too good a man for all that stuff. He should have been left alone for the greater things to be done. If he had gone sick it would have been real bad over there for everybody. Start in now and get ready for the future. Have athletes quartered right by or near the athletic . It was awful at Rocquencourt. We grew away from athletic temperament; the rides hurt us. The food we had was bad for athletes. One meal we had consisted of potato and corn soup, potato salad, corn, macaroni, bread and corn starch pudding. You could not get an egg cooked the way the athlete wanted it. A French cook, taken from America, would have solved the problem. The colored man, for most, did not know the language. He never had a chance for many reasons. We ran out of shredded wheat and corn flakes. Now, for instance, if some of the committee had lived at the table right along instead of getting a meal here and there, they would understand the food question. But, all in all, we won and we profited, naturally, and we learned. That’s why I state facts, for I know you want them. A boy put off the team for the morale of the rest of the athletes should not be quartered in the best hotel in Paris. Stowaways are not conducive to good morale and should be placed in the hands of the proper authorities. They certainly should not have the uniform; why try and make the team? Where’s the honor? It would be wise to know ahead of time who warrants a uniform; lots of criticism this year. A coach’s uniform should be distinctive at any rate. A small difference just to show who is in charge of the men. This year stowaways had uni­ forms and stowaways feted and kept on the team and it had a harmful effect on the morale of the team. One of the stowaways was mixed up in about four or five questionable affairs against the regular athletes. The athletic ability of the field men was a splendid tribute to good form acquired early in life and to good training rules observed at any and all times in America. The events and places follow: High jump—Osborne, Brown and Poor scoring. Broad jump—Hubbard and Gourdin scoring. Comins and Rose hurting legs and just fouling, otherwise the two men would have placed. Hop, step and jump—Hubbard, our best man, hurt his foot the day pre­ viously in the broad jump. The other two men failed dismally, America not scoring a point in this event. Pole vault—Barnes, Graham and Brooker scoring. Spearow was over a scoring height on third trial and pole fell onto bar, knocking same down. Javelin—America, I think, scored its first points in the javelin in any Olympiads. Oberst and Neufeld were third and fifth. This means better next Olympiad. The four Americans were an object lesson for all traveling groups. Never in all my career in any field of activity have I ever met such a group of four splendid personalities as America’s four entries in the javelin—Oberst, Neufeld, Welchel and Priester. Even in our wonderful array of great personalities and splendid types of athletes, these four were noticeable and stood out. In the shot Hauser, Hartranft, Hills and Anderson all scored. In the discus Hauser won his second event, then Lieb, Pope and Hartranft scored for us. In the hammer, Tootell, McGrath, that old faithful standby of former Olympiads, and McEachren scored. The ring was too slow and soft for Merchant. A younger element than ever before scored for the American team. This shows many things which are very evident and apparent at a glance. By just thinking why. We must know that American organization at high schools, universities, clubs all over America, have contributed in no small degree to the vast and numerous array of athletes possible for America to send over to Olympiad. The quality is there; also the quantity. We left many at home who could have easily scored for us. In an event for six places, nations allowed only four entrants, keeps us from scoring m oi’e points. America must get busy now to developing distance men and your worthy body must see to it that more cross country races are scheduled in the winter months; also more long distance races in the regular season. I am against all cross city races for they seem to tear down. Would it be possible for you folks to arrange for healthful long distance walks ? Not for race purposes, but for building-up purposes. The greatest builder-up in the world today is walking. Let’s encourage your distance men to walk early, quietly, singly or in groups. Healthy long walks on the grass, up and down easy hills. You will find distance men being developed then and you will not until you do get the athletes walking, walking, walking. My highest respect to your worthy body and the ideas I received over in Paris, I submit because you asked for them. Yours very truly, WALTER M. CHRISTIE.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT TRACK AND FIELD COACH HARRY L. HILLMAN Having been selected as one of the coaches of the track and field group of the American Olympic teams this past summer and having oeen delegated to supervise the coaching and training of the competitors in the following events, 110 metre hurdle, 400 metre hurdle, running high jump, I beg to report that my connections with these boys was very amicable. I had no difficulty at all with the above group, who conscientiously cooperated in every respect. The training on shipboard was all that could be desired and the discipline was good. The conditions at Rocquencourt were well arranged as to sleeping quarters but the sanitary conditions were not looked after very well. There seemed to be no one who had the authority able to have the attendants keep the lavatories in suitable condition. The water for these and the wash basins was shut off about nine each evening. The food was not suitable for American athletes inasmuch as the French diet is not relished by our athletes. I would suggest at the next games the advisability of taking American chefs who understand catering to ath­ letic teams. I would also suggest that a suitable athletic field be engaged as the inadequate conditions at Rocquencourt, and in and around the stadium, were very poor. It would, no doubt, be a good plan to send some one well versed in the needs of athletes to the site of the games early enough to make these arrangements, and the one intrusted with these arrangements should be given sufficient power to make reasonable arrangements for the care of the athletes. I readily realize it is a very difficult task to make these detailed arrange­ ments, and the American Olympic Committee did, without doubt, all in their power to have things right and I want to congratulate those who had this work in charge. This constructive criticism is for improvements another time. I beg to report that America won the 110 metre hurdle, 400 metre hurdle and running high jump, but should have secured more places in the first two events. I would suggest that for best results the largest group of the American Olympic teams, i.e., track and field be sent as a unit in itself, or if this is not possible, have someone delegated to act as head coach of the many teams and another head manager of all the teams, who would have full super­ vision of all the teams in their respective duties. The individual teams to have coaches and managers who would be under the supervision of the head coach and head manager. The individual coaches and managers of the different teams in the last Olympiad had different ideas of training and discipline and some of the teams suffered accordingly. All in all, the last trip being a stupendous one, was well arranged and other than a few suggestions, everything was well taken care of. I greatly enjoyed my connection with the members of the committee and wish to thank them for their interest in us all. Yours very truly, HARRY L. HILLMAN.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT COACH TRACK AND FIELD TEAM, THOMAS F. KEANE First—A faster boat to take the team over. Any of the wox-k done on a slow boat could be done on a faster boat and the time saved would be of more benefit to the team on land. The teams were quartered much too far from the training grounds. The dust absorbed and the riding over the rough streets for one hour and some­ times longer (sometimes less, but rarely) was not conducive to the best efforts of the team as a whole. While I realize how hard it is to feed an organiza­ tion of four hundred athletes, I feel that there should be some English-speak­ ing men among the waiters. Everybody does not like to have their meals cooked the same way and if a meal is not palatable to a person that person does not receive the benefit which a good training table meal should give him. This, to my mind, is very important. The entertainments for the benefit of the team should be left to the discretion of the coaches, until after the games are over. The advice of the latter was rarely sought. In fact, they were hardly known to many of the members of the respective committees. I know of one case where one of the prominent coaches was asked if he was a member of the swimming team, by one of the members of the committee. This is not as it should be. The coaches were all men of established reputations and it seems to me that they are fully capable of handling their arrangements and should be considered just as much as the members of the respective committees. My understanding of the Olympic Games is that they are athletic contests and the coaches are in a great measure responsible for the success of the different teams. The head coach should be chosen fully a year ahead of the games and should be allowed to choose his own assistants, men with whom he knows he can work in harmony. He should also be consulted as to the living quar­ ters of the teams and, if necessary, to go across the ocean as one of the com­ mittee in charge of this part of the work. In closing, will say that my remarks are not intended for criticisms, for I think that everything, as a whole, was handled very well. They are simply suggestions from my own observations and are intended by me as such. Sincerely yours, THOMAS F. KEANE, Track Coach.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT TRACK AND FIELD COACH JOHN J. MAGEE

As a member of the coaching staff of the 1924 American Olympic track team, I beg to offer several suggestions which may prove constructive in the development of another winning team at Amsterdam, Holland. The conditions on hoard ship in every respect were excellent and could hardly be improved on. The conditions at Rocquencourt, France, could have been better. The quarters were too far away from the place of action, which did not help any toward keeping the men in the proper frame of mind and the transportation which was handled badly by an army man was far from being satisfactory. Too much time was lost going to and from the stadium at Colombe and several of my charges were in no condition to train, let alone race, due to the terrible bouncing they received in the motor busses which were used the first week. The food at Rocquencourt was quite different from what the boys were jssed to back home, especially the breakfast. Oftentimes the boys returning from late training periods or actual competition were not served their supper. The late returning was sometimes the fault of the motor bus driver, who had lost his way back to Rocquencourt. Another complaint which I cannot make any too strong was the division of authority by some of the committee members. I firmly believe that it would be for the best interest of our next Olympic team to leave the entire charge in the hands of practical track men and to leave no authority of any kind in the hands of any army or navy officers. Also make the winning of the games the real and only incentive within the realm of decent sportsmanship and to curtail to a mini­ mum the social functions. To sum up, I would advise it to be for the best interest of our next Olympic team that some of these following suggestions be considered. To send over a practical small committee; one whom shall be a track coach with former Olympic experience to select a site for the training quarters as close as possible to the stadium and to make the arrangements for trans­ portation of the competitors and to engage some one who will cook and have served food that is proper for the American athlete during the training periods. Respectfully, JOHN J. MAGEE.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT TRACK AND FIELD COACH EDWARD L. FARRELL

The pole vault, broad jump and hop, step and jump came under my super­ vision. The United States scored first and second in the broad jump; first, second and third in the pole vault, and did not score in the hop, step and jump. First place scored in the broad jump was lost to the United States ip 1920. From a coach’s and trainer’s viewpoint, those men picked by the Olympic Committee to represent the United States at the Olympics need little coach­ ing. The time is too short between landing and competition to even think of trying to improve a man’s form. The main thing is to keep all men physic­ ally and mentally fit for world’s competition. The time to help these men is the one or two years previous to the Olympic games. If the hop, step and jump is to be in the list of competition at Amster­ dam, it behooves the United States to get busy at once and develop some real men for this event. The United States can win in this event as easily as the high and broad jumps, provided the necessary preliminary work is put in. Preparations for the next Olympics should start at once; this suggestion perhaps is more for the A. A. U. to heed than the Olympic Committee. I would suggest that all secretaries of the various divisions of the A. A. U. make a report semiannually of performances made by athletes under their jurisdiction, giving complete history of man and performance, so that the parent body can watch and advise these particular athletes from time to time. This should be done at once. That the men responsible for the quartering of the athletes at Rocquen- court fell down horribly on the job. The living quarters and environment could not be improved upon but the going to and from training grounds did irreparable damage to the athletes. The only reason the boys did so well can be assigned to the fact that they are Americans. The keynote of the whole Olympic team is that quarters must be good, must be close to the field of competition; otherwise it is like an army cut off from its supply base. Before closing contracts on housing, a representative coach should be consulted. Housing should be close to training grounds of all teams. The army and navy men who were in control of finances were a big disappointment. For my personal part, it cost me a good sum to make the trip, but when legitimate expenses were not allowed, something is wrong. It must be acknowledged that, outside of the athletes themselves, the next important cog in the whole machine is the coaches. These coaches are men and their life work is most important of all the professions, the making of real, one hundred per cent men. Is there any other profession can compare with it? Due consideration should be given the coaches. They should not be treated as though they were parasites. If the athletes lose, criticism is cast at the coaches, not at the business representatives or the financial men or the army and navy men. Colonel Thompson, in his public speeches, said: “It is not so much the winning or losing as that good will must prevail among the nations.” Very good, but yet I overheard Colonel Thompson bewail the fact that we lost the and the marathon. In my opinion, he was holding the coaches responsible. That is his right, but if such is correct then my contention is also right—that the coaches are the more important cog in the wheel. The Olympic athletes’ main object in Europe was to give their best efforts to win the Olympics and the American public that subscribed to send them were interested only in the success of the team abroad. The money raised was for that purpose. The folks at home did not give a whit about the social or diplomatic successes of those persons with the team. If these persons are necessary, then they should not be allowed to interfere, nor should they have any connection with the various teams— they should attend to their own knitting. The Board of Coaches to train and fit the athletes is a good thing and a much better proposition than one or two coaches. I am speaking from experience as a member of the Olympic team of 1912, under a single coach when each man could not be given individual attention. If only four men are permitted to compete in the various events, I can see no reason for taking extra men. On the other hand, I believe we should enter six or seven, any four to compete. It appears as though the United States were being handicapped as much as possible to our detriment. This should not be. If it were not for the United States the Olympics would have no weight. I would suggest marathon men be picked one year previous to the Olympic games; say April 19, 1927, instead of April 19, 1928. A marathon man, in my opinion, cannot run two tip-top races inside of one year.

Very truly yours,

EDWARD L. FARRELL. REPORT OF ASSISTANT TRACK AND FIELD COACH LT. E. L. VIDAL My recommendations should be limited to the coaches and their work on the Olympic team. My experiences as a competitor in 1920 and assistant coach in 1924 are responsible for the following: 1. I am antipathetic to the wives accompanying coaches or any person who should be in close contact with the athletes at all times. Wives in a foreign country need watchful care, which naturally detracts from the coaches’ primary responsibilities. 2. The number of coaches the past games was satisfactory in that the events were properly grouped and each group had its own coach. No fewer coaches should be taken to the next games. 3. It is my opinion that the coaches’ selection of entries could be simpli­ fied greatly. Many athletes, through original misunderstanding, were embit­ tered because of not being entered after arrival in France. The four entries should be selected before sailing, which choice would be final unless sickness or injury necessitated a substitution. Any additional athletes taken on the trip would be substitutes and considered as such throughout. Tryouts after arrival are very unsatisfactory. 4. The handling of the athletes by the coaches should be executed with great diplomacy as well as with firmness. A champion does not often accept advice, especially from a rather unknown source, and when necessary, advice or instruction should be given with sublety. I saw a number of cases where the athlete was somewhat antagonized. This sort of mood is detrimental to his performance. Since a champion at that stage of the game is too far along for corrective measures, a popular coach will obtain the best results. At the same time sacrifice of discipline must never be made. Dis­ cipline is all important in such a group. As to coaching policy with regard to individuals an Olympic coach should very seldom have occasion to give all his group the same work-out. A careful study should be made of the athlete’s previous training along with his condition, so that his treatment should be that of an individual, not as one of a group. 5. In the quartering of the athletes various conveniences should not be overlooked. There is little doubt but what our work would have gone on more smoothly had the 1924 team been quartered nearer the stadium. In the coming games a coach should accompany the members of the committee when a selection of quarters is made. Rapid and easy access to training grounds is very essential, as the long trips to and from work-outs are depress­ ing. The situation of 1924 could have been improved upon for the field event men had the pits, runways and circles been prepared satisfactorily prior to arrival. 6. Although there was no complaint on my part, it is only just to the coaches that they receive the same rights and considerations as accompanying officials in other departments. The coaches had no transportation facilities and naturally felt the discrimination. However, in general our situation was satisfactory. 7. I had charge of the decathlon and pentathlon men, and paragraphs 3 and 4 cover the recommendations which would apply in their case. Our pentathlon men were inferior to our decathlon entries. It is my hope that the pentathlon will be omitted in future games. I learned that the coach’s job in these events was for the most part checking form and preventing the men from overworking. They should be made to realize that the last two weeks is the “coasting” period. 8. Compared with the 1920 trip to Antwerp, the 1924 expedition to Paris was a vast improvement in every department. Yours very truly, LIEUT. E. L. VIDAL, REPORT OF ASSISTANT TRACK AND FIELD COACH WILLIAM L. HAYWARD I will say that my duties as coach were nothing regular. That is, I was not in charge of any regular men, but helped where Lawson Robertson requested. My time was spent mostly at Colombes scouting the teams of the other nations and reporting to Robertson. For future Olympic games I would suggest that more time be taken between the finish of the try-outs and the sailing of the teams. This, I believe, would give the selecting committee more time in selecting the person­ nel of the team. Also that there should be only one more man taken than those that qualified in each event. The extra man entering only in case of sickness or accident to any of the regular qualified athletes. The trip across, I believe, should be taken on a fast boat as I do not think the training on the ship has the desired results. A fast trip over with enough exercise to keep in condition would land the boys in good shape. All that compete in the try-outs have had a hard season training and the rest across would do them good. This would eliminate all sore feet and legs caused from constant pounding on the decks. Ten days or two weeks on the other side would be plenty of time to put them on edge again. I am not familiar with arrangements of former Olympic games in regards to diet. I do believe the head coach should be consulted in this matter and all arrangements be made from his recommendations as near as possible. Athletes would do better if they were kept as near to the diet which they were accustomed to in America, is my opinion. Yours very truly, WILLIAM L. HAYWARD.

REPORT OF MARATHON TRAINER MICHAEL J. RYAN The following is a report of the trip of the American marathon runners to the eighth Olympiad, held in Paris in 1924. On May 24, 1924, a party of seven American marathon runners in charge of the writer sailed from New York on the Steamship “Leviathan” of the American Line, as second class passengers. The party included Michael J. Ryan, Colby College, Waterville, Maine (manager and trainer); Clarence H. De Mar, Melrose, Mass.; Frank E. Wendling, Buffalo, N .Y .; Ralph A. Williams, Quincy, Mass; Frank T. Zuna, Newark, N . J . ; Charles L. Mellor, Chicago, Ill.; Carl W. A. Linder, Quincy, Mass., and William J. Churchill, San Francisco,, Cal. The party landed in Cherbourg, France, on the morning of May 30th, after a quiet, uneventful trip, during which good weather was experienced excepting one day. The party proceeded from Cherbourg to Paris imme­ diately arriving in the French capital, in the evening of May 30th. On the trip over practically no training was done except in the nature of light exercise. It was thought best, by the trainer, head coach of the American Olympic team and other coaches of the team, to pursue this policy in view of the fact that most of the members of the party had engaged in two or three gruelling marathon races within two months of the date of sailing and they were scheduled to go through a six weeks’ course of training during the hot months of June and July. On arriving in Paris very comfortable quarters and good table fare was obtained for a very nominal rate at the American Hotel, Avenue De Fried- lander, just two blocks from the Arc De Triumph and . Training was started on Monday, June 2nd, and the squad used the Bois De Boulogne for to take their training jaunts. This arrangement proved to be very convenient until the police objected to us running in the Bois about two weeks after we got under way, so there was nothing else to do only secure new training quarters. On the recommendation of Ted “Kid” Lewis, the English pugilist, I visited the Pension Normande in Maison Laffitte, which is about ten miles from Paris, and was only a short distance from the marathon course. One look at this place and the surrounding country convinced me that it was the most ideal place for a group of marathon runners to train, so I engaged board and room for the entire party until July 15th, the day after the marathon race, when the team broke up, some returning to America on the S.S. “Leviathan” and others going to Rocquencourt. The quarters, conveniences and food at both the American Hotel and at the Pension Normande in Maison-Laffitte was the best that could be had in Paris or vicinity and everything possible was done at both places to make the boys comfortable and feel at home. The boys trained every day except Sunday unless they were excused for some good or sufficient reason. The covered distance of from three to twenty-five miles, as the period of their training demanded. Sometimes a long walk was substituted for a run, and on these hikes fifteen to twenty miles was covered. I accompanied the runners on every training run and any time any of the runners showed any signs of distress or were in trouble I took him into the automobile so that he or they would suffer no ill effects from the training. June 25th the only trial race of the training period was held. It was held to determine who would be the six runners to start in the race. The distance was sixteen miles and was held on the race course at Maison Laffitte. The runners finished in the following order: First, Clarence De Mar; second, Frank E. Wendling; third, William J. Churchill; fourth, Carl Linder; fifth, Frank Zuna. Ralph Williams traveled only three miles when he gave up the 'battle. , the seventh of the group, was running in third place all the way through and at the end of twelve miles I ordered him from the track because the day was exceedingly warm and he being a very slight man, could not afford to lose too much weight. On the strength of this trial, I recommended that De Mar, Wendling, Churchill, Linder, Zuna and Mellor be nominated to start in the marathon race for the United States. The entries were sent in with Williams included in the list and Linder named as a substitute. Before the final closing of the lists I had a consultation with the head coach and he informed me that he and the chairman of the Selection Com­ mittee were of the opinion that Williams had greater possibilities of winning the race than Linder had and that they were in favor of playing the greatest possibilities. There was no argument against that as Williams had every­ thing a good marathon runner needed except a lot of experience. He had a fine physique, speed and stamina and he stood up well under the training. The last week before the race the men were tapered off gradually in their training and for several days they had complete rest. The day of the race found them all in the pink of condition and they should all have been ready to run the race of their lives and they should have brought the United States to the forefront in the greatest of all tests of human endurance. However, the showing made by the team as a whole was very poor, De Mar being the only one making a performance worth mentioning. He finished third and I believe that the next four finished between sixteen and twenty-three and Williams was the only man of the team who did not finish. After the race the American runners were all in good condition and did not show any ill effects from their exertions and none of them needed any atten­ tion except the ordinary attention that is paid to getting a man in a bath and giving him a rub. The excessive heat on the day of the race detracted from the performances of our men and the thing which worked the most havoc with their showing was the dreadful scenes which were enacted in the cross country race and which were caused by the terrible heat, on the day before the marathon race. The seventh man on our squad was the only one allowed to go to the stadium on the day of the cross country race. The men who were nominated to run remained out at their training quarters to rest up for their race. Unfortunately, this man came home on the evening of the cross country race and told the marathon runners all about the pitiful scenes of the cross country race and how a number of the competitors in the race were in the hospital and were not expected to live. It was also reported that evening that two had already died. This broke down the morale of the marathon runners, several of whom declared that evening that they would not exert themselves enough the next day to take chances with their lives or injure their health. And they all showed by their work in the marathon race on the last day of the Olympiad that they did not take any big chances. Even De Mar, our best man, who finished third, told the head coach and myself, immediately after the race, that he ran as hard as he dared to under the conditions. I acted as trainer, manager, rubber and general utility man to the squad and I will say, without fear of contradiction, that they were the best cared for and the best treated group of marathon runners that ever represented the United States at an Olympiad. I have been at every Olympiad, either as a competitor in the marathon race or as a member of the training staff, since 1908, making four in all. I made it my business to attend to every little want of the runners. I did their errands in Paris every day; I accompanied them on every run; I rubbed them down after every workout; I looked after their food and equipment, and I provided all of the entertainment and recreation that was within my power to provide. The squad was the best equipped squad that ever represented this country. Before leaving America, I saw to it, personally, that every man on the squad was provided with four pairs of shoes, four pairs of woolen socks, extra heels for their shoes, supporters, etc. This precaution had never been done before. I also provided some baseball equipment so that the boys could enjoy themselves during their spare time. All bills incurred for the maintenance and welfare of the squad were first presented to me. I verified every bill and if I found it 0. K. I signed and had it passed on to the Olympic Committee for payment. All bills against us were in before July 14th and all legitimate bills were O. K.’d by me before that date. Any bills presented after that date were not legiti­ mate, did not contain my O. K. and should not even have been considered. There was not at any time anything charged by the marathon squad except things necessary for training purposes, food and lodging. There was no entertaining of any kind done and no charges that might have been made after we broke up, for entertaining or otherwise, should not have been paid or even considered. I would like to submit the following recommendations to the American Olympic Committee in the hope that they will benefit the marathon runners of future American teams and enhance our country’s chances in the future: 1. That no more runners be taken on the American team than are allowed to compete in the marathon race according to the rules. The extra runners who are left out of the competition feel that they have a just right to compete when they are selected for the team and when they are left out of the competition they are the cause of a great deal of the dissatisfaction that arises and they break down the morale and orga­ nization of the team and make life miserable for those in charge of the compe­ tition of the American Olympic team. 2. That no runner or runners be given special privilege to pursue his own pet ideas regardless of his ability. They should all be required to follow the plans prescribed for the best interests of the team. 3. That American marathon runners should be discouraged from com­ peting in too many marathon races immediately preceding an American Olym­ pic invasion. Before the Olympic Games of 1920 and 1924 most of the American Olympic marathon runners competed in two or more mara­ thon races within two months before sailing for the Olympic games and it was impossible to get the best out of the men in the Olympic competition. 4. That marathon running and long distance running should be encour­ aged in all parts of the country and that the time to start for the next Olympiad is right now. We need new blood and we cannot develop it unless there is a revival of marathon and long distance running. Every section of the country should promote its annual classic long distance events and all efforts should be made with the idea of developing suitable material for the Olympic marathon and long distance events. 5. That, as the Olympic marathon race and all long distance running races on the Olympic program are held in the middle of the summer when the weather is exceptionally warm, we should promote numerous long dis­ tance running events in the summer time and we should make some pro­ vision to have our Olympic marathon runners prove their caliber in the warm weather instead of in the cold, damp weather of the early spring, as is now the custom. 6. That a six weeks’ period of training in Europe, on the scene of competition, for the American marathon runners is the best method that can be pursued. This period of training gives the runners a good chance to become acclimated and get used to the conditions under which they will have to live and compete. This report and these recommendations are made to the best of my recol­ lection and with the best interests of American Olympic teams in mind, and I trust that they will be favorably considered. Respectfully submitted, MICHAEL J. RYAN.

AMERICAN OLYMPIC SWIMMING TEAM Eighth Olympiad, Paris, France, 1924, John T. Taylor, Manager Americans showing in the swimming events at the Eighth Olympiad held at Paris during the month of July, 1924, was the feature of the games from every point of view, and the other nations competing at the games gave this country the credit of having the greatest swimming and water polo teams ever gotten together in the history of American swimming. At the annual meeting of the , held at Detroit last November, a resolution was passed to hold tryouts for the Olympic swimming team among both men and women, and the following swimming experts were appointed as a selection committee to pick the team after the tryouts were held: John T. Taylor, chairman, Allegheny Mt. Associa­ tion; Miss Charlotte Epstein, Metropolitan; Miss Ada Taylor, Middle Atlan­ tic; , Central; Herbert Holm, New England; Paul R. Jordan, ; Mrs. E. Fullard Leo, Hawaiian; Charles A. Dean, Central; G. P. Wendell, Midwestern; James Taylor, Ohio; L. N. Goldsmith, Middle Atlantic; Robert S. Weaver, Southern Pacific; Lester C. Stevens, Metropolitan; Charles D. Lynch, Michigan. A three-day swimming carnival was held at Broad Ripple Pool, Indianapo­ lis, Ind., on June 6th, 7th and 8th, for men swimmers, known as the Final Olympic Tryouts. The affair was held under the best of conditions and great credit is due Mr. Paul R. Jordan, and Mr. T. F. Murray, of Indianapolis, for the able manner in which the tryouts were held. Swimmers from all over the United States attended the meet and many came from Hawaii and other points for the chance to represent Uncle Sam at the games. The women’s tryouts were held at Briarcliff Lodge, Scarboro, New York, on the 7th and 8th of June, but on account of the wet weather, the attendance was not up to expectations. These tryouts were handled by the Metropolitan Association, the Briarcliff management making a large donation to the Olympic Fund, for the privilege of holding the events. The Selection Committee was divided into two separate committees so that those from the east could select those at the eastern tryouts and the western members could select the swimmers at Indianapolis. The team was ordered to report at the Park Avenue Hotel, New York City, not later than June 15th, and as no one was missing, the team sailed for France on the Steamship “America,” on Monday, June 16th. The entire American Olympic team being aboard the “America,” the athletes were given a great reception and farewell, as the ship headed for sea, favored with fine weather and smooth seas. Plans were immediately made for regular practice aboard ship. Chief Officer Oakley of the “America” erected a small, but practical swimming tank on the after deck, and a sched­ ule of practice was established among the coaches. Arrangements could not be made for the divers to practice, so they were given special limbering up exercises by Coaches Brandsten and Sponsberg. Duke Kahanamoku was elected captain of the swimming team and Hal Vollmerof the N .Y . A.C. captain of the water polo team. Chief Coach William Bachrach and Women’s Coach L. deB. Handley quickly instructed the swimmers what was expected of them, and they went to work with a will, and by the time they reached Paris, they were in much better condition than when they left New York. Conditions aboard ship were ideal and the food was of the very best. Coach Bachrach saw to it that only certain foods were served at the table, and the stewards of the ship assisted in every way to make the athletes content. The coaches and managers, in nearly all cases,ate with the swim­ mers. Many concerns throughout the country sent articles aboard ship for the use of the athletes, which were very acceptable and convenient. Captain Rind and other officers of the S.S. “America” were untiring in their efforts to help the athletes and officials. In fact, the Olympic team had full use of the vessel and were assisted in every way by the ship’s company. The “America” arrived at Cherbourg on the 25th of June, and the ath­ letes were greeted at the pier by many Americans and newspaper corre­ spondents. The team immediately boarded special trains for Paris, and were in the French metropolis by 4 P. M., where a tremendous crowd greeted the athletes and swimmers. On the committee to greet the athletes were Sam Goodman of San Francisco, M. P. Halpin of New York, Joe B. MacCabe of Boston and several others, who did yeoman service in getting the team off to headquarters. The men swimmers going to Colombes Village, while the women were sent to Prince Murat’s chateau at Rocquencourt, which is about ten miles Horn Paris. On arriving at the training camps, it was discovered that at least one of the American swimmers would not be available for the games, as John Faricy, national breast stroke champion of the Illinois Athletic Club, had sprained his ankle while disembarking from the train, which kept him out of the games. It was also learned at this time that the proposed swimming stadium, which was to have been built within the track and field stadium, was not completed, and arrangements were made to have the swimmers practice at the new swimming pool at Les Terrells, which was also about ten miles from Colombes. The swimming stadium at Les Terrells is one of the best ever con­ structed and was built with dimensions that were in accordance with the International and Olympic Swimming Rules, the tank being 50 meters in length, and 100 feet in width, and was from 4 to 15 feet in depth. The diving tower and spring boards were of the very best, and permission to practice was quickly obtained from the French officials. Morning and afternoon practice periods were properly organized, the divers getting special hours for their work, but by the time the other visiting swimmers arrived, the practice was confined to once a day. The daily work of the swimmers, coaches and managers and chaperons was as follows: Breakfast at Colombes, and at Rocquencourt by 8 P. M. A large bus conveyed the swimmers to the swimming stadium, where practice was held from 11 A. M. to 1 P. M. Luncheon was taken at a Paris hotel and the team returned to the pool and worked from 3:30 to 5, dinner being taken also at Paris, and after a short walk the team was again conveyed to Colombes, where they arrived at bedtime, the women going to Rocquencourt. This was carried on until a week before the swimming events began, when only one swimming practice was indulged in, the afternoon being spent at the track stadium watching the track and field events. Mr. Henry Musnick, who was in charge of the swimming stadium at Paris, did everything in his power to assist the Americans, and also did the same for the swimmers of other nations. The Americans were on the best of terms with their opponents before and after the games, especially the Australians, British and Swedish; nothing happened during the games to spoil the friendly feeling among the swimmers, and the reports in the American press that the swimming team was not treated with every courtesy was untrue. The Australian team produced a most wonderful distance swimmer in Richard Charlton, who won the final heat of the 1,500 meters race in the remarkable time of 20 minutes and 6 seconds, which is a new world’s record. Sweden was also ably represented by a great swimmer, in Arne Borge, who won second place in the 400 and 1.500 meters events. Borge gave Weis­ muller a great race in the 400 meters, and it was not until the last few yards that the American was assured of victory. The Japanese team competed in the swimming events for the first time at an Olympiad, and did excellent work. They were good sportsmen, and did their best to carry away some of the honors. Johnny Weismuller was the idol of the French people that witnessed the games, and he was greeted with acclaim wherever he went. Our bus was besieged with people at all times, getting the signatures of the American men and women swimmers. No coaches ever worked harder than those in charge of the American team, and the success of the team was brought about by the untiring efforts of the men in charge of the swimmers—Chief Coach William Bachrach, of Chicago; Women’s Coach L. deB. Handley, New York; Ernest Brandsten of California, Diving Coach; Freddy Sponsberg of New York, Assistant Diving Coach; Jamison Handy, Chicago, Assistant Manager, and Miss Charlotte Epstein of New York; also Mrs. Charles A. Dean of Chicago, worked inces­ santly for the success of the team, and their efforts were not wasted, as the team proved to be the greatest that ever left the United States to compete at an Olympiad. Some of the girls who were practically unknown until the Olympic games, made great improvement on the way overseas, which was due to the expert coaching they received during the voyage. There were many outstanding swimmers on the team, both men and women, but none stood out as prominently as Johnny Weismuller, the Illinois A . C . star; he was the backbone of the American team, and he suc­ ceeded in winning the 100 meters, and the 400 meters free style events, breaking the record in each event. He also swam anchor man on the vic­ torious relay team, which also established a world’s record, and played the final game of polo in which the Americans finished in third place. Next in point of victorys to Weismuller, comes Al White of Leland Stan­ ford University. This wonderful diver from the west scored two victories, winning the spring board and high fancy diving events. Warren Kealoha of Hawaii repeated his victory in the Antwerp games, and won the back stroke event in world’s record time. Robert Skelton of the Illinois A . C . won the 200 meters breast stroke title, establishing a new world’s record. The American relay team, consisting of Weismuller, Breyer, O’Connor and Glancy, easily won this event, making a new world’s record. Among the women who were crowned the world’s champions are the following: Ethel Lackie, Illinois A.C. , 100 meters free style; Martha Norelius, New York, 400 meters free style, Sybil Bauer, Illinois Athletic Club, 100 meters back stroke; Elizabeth Becker, Ambassador Swimming Club, Atlantic City, fancy dive; Caroline Smith, Cairo, Ill., high plain diving. Agnes Geraghty of the Women’s Swimming Assn., New York, was second in the women’s 200 meters breast stroke events, while the Misses Ederle, Lackie, Wehselau and Donnelly won the women’s relay race in new record time. In nearly all the events for women new Olympic records were estab­ lished. Had the Olympic Committee approved of the water polo team at the time it was selected in Chicago and the men had practiced together, it is a foregone conclusion that the United States would have won the polo honors also. The comedy stunt performed on several occasions at the Paris Stadium by Johnny Weismuller and Stubby Kruger was one of the features of the games, and the French public could not get enough of this act. To demonstrate the friendly feeling of the French people towards the Americans, I saw an audience of close to seven thousand stand up and call for Weismuller for two or three minutes; this was after the American had won the 100 meters. They only sat down after it was announced that Weis­ muller would appear again later in the afternoon. Col. Robert M. Thompson, president of the American Olympic Com­ mittee, did everything possible for the comfort of the swimmers, and none of them were in any way dissatisfied with conditions on the trip. The results of the swimming events show that the American swimmers must have been in the best of condition, or the wonderful victories could not have been pos­ sible. The Olympic swimming events closed on the 20th of July, and as the Foreign Relations Committee of the A .A .U . had accepted invitations to compete in and at London. The team visited Belgium on the 22nd of July, and gave exhibitions at the Royal Circle of Natation of Brussels. Some of the Royal Family attended the games, and the team was well received. Souvenirs were distributed among the swimmers after the meet. For some reason or other many of the best women swimmers on the team would not make this trip, and their places were filled with some of the substitutes who performed brilliantly both in Brussels, and at London. The team sailed from and arrived in London on the 25th, where they were to meet the British Empire team at Harrow, in a dual meet on the 26th. The American team was again victorious, and won the meet by a wide margin. The swimmers that competed were tendered a fine banquet after the races, and were toasted many times by the British and Australian swim­ mers. Mr. Harold Fern, hon. secretary of the Amateur Swimming Assn., of England, was responsible for the meet, and he did everything possible for the comfort of the American swimmers, and they received every courtesy from the British public. The entire team, with few exceptions, re-embarked on the S.S. “America” on the 28th of July, for the homeward voyage, the trip home being rather quiet, after the strenuous times at the games, arriving in New York on the 6th of August, and receiving a great reception along the waterfront, at the pier, and along the line of march up Broadway. The team was received by Mayor Hylan and the Reception Committee at City Hall, and congratulations extended to the victorious teams. Souvenir medals were given to each swimmer and athlete. The Metropolitan Associa­ tion and the Reception Committee arranged a banquet at the Hotel Astor, which was attended by the entire team. After speeches were made, Col Robert M. Thompson arose and, bidding farewell to the team and giving them his best wishes and congratulations, the American Olympic team became an organization of the past; the members headed for the railroad stations and were soon on the way to their respective homes, after one of the greatest trips ever taken by American athletes. The American swimming team scored a total of 216 points, against Sweden’s 50 points, who was next in line. The Americans won 11 of the 15 events on the programme; they were, first, second and third in six of the important events; first and second in three events, and first and third in two events. These results show that the victory was a most complete one, and for this reason the swimming team was given the place of honor and led the procession from the Battery to City Hall. I think I have covered nearly everything in my report as manager of the American Olympic Swimming Team, but at the same time something might be added in the line of suggestions for the next Olympiad. It is my opinion that the manager or chief coach should be sent to the scene of the next Olympiad some time before the games so that the proper housing arrangements can be made at a place in close proximity to the scene of the swimming events. Also, arrangements should be made to give the swimmers American food or what they have been used to eating, and it should be cooked by American cooks. I think, however, these matters have been touched on in the report of Chief Coach William Bachrach. Managers of the various teams should be given more consideration by the Olympic officials and the American Committee, as many things that should have been brought to the attention of the managers, were taken up with some one else, in connection with the team, and it was a fact that the man­ agers in some cases had little jurisdiction over the team members. Contracts that were made by the Foreign Relations Committee with Eng­ land and Belgium previous to the sailing of the team for France were not fulfilled because the manager had not the power he was supposed to have, and some difference of feeling was created by this action that should not have been permitted. Every member of the American Olympic Swimming Team, I believe, were well satisfied with the trip, which, with what few mistakes were made, proved to be the most successful tour ever taken by a group of American swimmers. Very respectfully, JOHN T. TAYLOR,

REPORT OF HEAD SWIMMING COACH WILLIAM BACHRACH In presenting this report to the American Olympic Committee, I wish to take occasion to express my satisfaction and that of the swimmers on the way things were handled by the committee. This contributed most importantly to the great success we scored. Complying with your request, I submit my recommendations, especially to correct certain faulty conditions and I trust they will be received in the same spirit of considerate and constructive criticism in which they are offered. On the whole, everybody on the swimming team unit was well pleased. To this general satisfaction, some minor reservations should be taken, as they are points of great importance which may readily be corrected in the future. While I do not want any mistakes which were made to obscure the general picture of success, I most respectfully request your earnest attention to prevent the recurrence of unfortunate conditions that marred the picture. Certainly, the committee representatives did everything in their power to make the best of things and improve the conditions which unfortunately existed, and over which they had no full control, after our arrival. By all accounts there was a great improvement over all previous Olympic accom­ modations. Especially the lodgings pleased the men and also the American- cooked breakfast foods which the committee provided. In the first place, it is my opinion that the executive committee has a great big job on its hands. In conducting such an expedition, on account of the multiplicity of the matters of funding, selection, transportation, diplo­ matic, social and official functions, etc., it should follow a policy of delegating every matter of detail that can safely be entrusted to the manager and coach of each team unit, several months in advance. The operations would proceed best with departmentation according to sport and I recommend that the individual manager and coach be given a greater scope of authority in regard to the food and lodging, in the matter of all conditions directly affecting the performance of the athletes in their events. In considering these recommendations as to delegation of authority on detail, it may be claimed that such authority was exercised by some coaches and managers at Paris, but it is to be remembered that where such authority was exercised at Paris it was most often assumed first and authorized only afterwards, or only piecemeal, only in emergencies and usually late. Not only do the athletes of various teams require; to assure their best performances, the kind of food to which they are accustomed with considera­ tion of their preferences and of expediency in housing and transportation, but their morale is controlled by their having the kind of sustenance which their respective coaches believe necessary for them. Opinions of coaches and athletes differ as to essentials of diet, etc. But, regardless of the correctness or incorrectness of the varying opinions on these subjects, it must be recognized that any athlete performs best on the diet to which his system has become accustomed. His morale is dependent upon reproducing for him, insofar as is possible, those conditions of training under which he has made his best performances in the past. It should be presumed that the coach, knowing the need for 'being in sympathy with his men, will settle on a diet, which will be both satisfactory to them and nourish them properly. Further, the manager should have direct authority to supply the coach with what is needed. Apart from the question of the character of food which should be deter­ mined by each coach at his own discretion, there are also the important questions of how the food is cooked and how it is served. For all team units, the food should be prepared and served only by people who want the American team to win every event. In Paris, at the Olympic Village, indifferent food was prepared indifferently by French cooks, who did not care, and served by waitresses who did not care. And, it is said, that this cooking and service was better than that at Rocquen- court. Permitting the managers and coaches of the various team units to make the arrangements they think best, and giving them the authority to do so long enough in advance for proper preparation, will take care of these questions satisfactorily. But, if it is decided to have all team units quartered together and fed at the same place, then only American cooks and American cooking should be served and served by Americans who understand what Americans want and what Americans mean when they talk “United States.” It is suggested that by making arrangements well in advance, the Navy Department or the War Department would assign a commissary unit for the patriotic purpose of provisioning the American Olympic Expedition. Such a competent unit of loyal and experienced commissary would have time to make adequate and practical preparations for feeding the expedition in the American way. The commissioned officer in charge of this unit could review the entire situation on the other side, and thereafter, long in advance, requisition the necessary cooks, and after discovering from each coach and manager several months in advance what dietary is required for each team unit, requisition and purchase complete supplies accordingly, just as the navy is accustomed to doing in behalf of military expeditions landed by the United States on distant soil. It may be claimed that coaches and managers could obtain what they wanted by telling foreigners. Painful experience has disillusioned us of any such idea. All efforts along this line have proved to be unsuccessful. If the foreigner understands the language, he doesn’t understand the food or how it has to be cooked and served, and the coach’s time is diverted from coaching the athletes to coaching the cooks, a thing for which he may not be qualified either by expert knowledge or experience or temperament or language. An American officer, speaking the United States language, fully familiar with provisioning expeditions and animated by patriotic sympathy with our purposes could be relied upon, if appointed several months in advance, to see that American cooks and waiters put the right things before the athletes in the right American way, at the times that may be required by competitions held early or late and perhaps many miles away. The foreigner either doesn’t care or doesn’t understand, or both, and should not be relied upon for this fundamental requirement for American success in the games. Numerous anecdotes might be cited to prove this final statement, but it is believed a self-evident fact in the light of any American Olympic coach’s experience. Also, the solution offered is obviously a practical one. But, if it is decided not to house and feed all the team units at the same place, then each manager and coach should be given complete authority to make all arrangements of every character and given such authority many months in advance of the games. Water Polo Recommendations In any further Olympic water polo competitions, it is recommended that the United States be represented by the best team in the United States, determined by the last previous championship contest. Any system of appor­ tioning representation on the American team in an attempt to have various clubs and sections represented, at the best results only in a theoretical all- star strength, which is destroyed by its failure to function as a unit. If all members of a championship team cannot make the trip, places may be filled by the regular substitutes on that team, or by men who play similar positions on other teams. In this manner, there is, at least, an integrated nucleus to start with, instead of a disjointed aggregation. In the event that the majority of the championship team cannot go it would be best to take the second team as a unit, with substitutes from the best team or other men qualified to fill the missing positions. The results at Paris established the fact that team work is the first qualification for victory. This, not the individual stars, is the outstanding feature in successful international play. It is recommended that the selected team be nominated and informed sixty days or more in advance of departure, so that the maximum strength may be available for embarkation. In the case of the Olympics just con­ tested, some of the most valuable players were unable to go because they were not notified until just before departure. They were unable to give the reasonable notice to their employers which is necessary. Unfortunately, amateurs must work for a living and cannot arrange to go to Europe on a week’s notice. I wish to thank the committee for its cooperation throughout the games and for its patience with my impatient exactions and further to say that I am deeply appreciative of the honor which was bestowed upon me and grateful for the opportunity to be of service to my country, my sport and to your committee. Respectfully yours, WILLIAM BACHRACH.

REPORT OF WOMEN’S COACH L. deB. HANDLEY American athletes won brilliantly at the recent Olympic games in Paris, particularly in track and field sports and swimming, yet a close scrutiny of performances will disclose that quite a few among them did not live up to their best previous achievements, and there is no doubt that handicaps under which they labored abroad chiefly were responsible. Mistakes were made by those in charge of arrangements for our teams and it seems particularly desirable to call attention to them, not in a spirit of criticism, for the men accountable served earnestly, to the best of their ability, but, as a matter of constructive comment, that like errors may be guarded against in future. There is especial need to seek a more effective system of organization for coming international competition, as foreign nations are improving rap­ idly in sports and we must expect increasingly strong opposition hereafter. Mistakes which did not affect the final issue this time may prove fatal the next. Unquestionably most of the trouble experienced was due to the appoint­ ment of officials lacking practical experience in athletics to make preparations abroad for our teams and to supervise activities after the teams landed in France. Competent managers, chosen because of their recognized qualifications, were named by the American Olympic Committee to handle the various squads, but neither were they consulted when accommodation for the con­ testants was obtained in Paris, nor could they take a step after arrival without due permission. Higher officials, quite unfamiliar with requirements, had the final say in everything. It is not surprising, under the circum­ stances, that unfavorable conditions existed. Rocquencourt, where the track and field men, the girl swimmers 'and other teams were quartered, was entirely too inaccessible to prove anything but unsatisfactory. Far from the stadium at Colombes, farther still from the swimming pool at the Porte de Lilas, with no railroad or car line near, it presented a transportation problem virtually unsolvable. Motor conveyances had to be used and only one who went through it can understand the constant inconvenience, annoyance and discomfort caused by unpunctual chauffeurs, insufficient cars, crowding, breakdowns and so on. But the worst feature was the effect of the everlasting motor riding on the condition of the competitors. Daily jolting for hours over cobbles and bad roads played havoc with muscular suppleness. I cannot say to what extent the track and field men suffered, but I know that the swimmers were affected materially. Miss Gertrude Ederle, for instance, our reliance for women’s free style events, went off form completely. More heavily built than the others, she became so muscle-bound that even regular massage failed to relieve her. In the 400 meter race she fell short ten seconds of her record, showing how far she had gone back. Owing to congestion of traffic it took usually no less than one hour to make the trip from Rocquencourt to Colombes and nearly two hours to reach the swimming pool in the early days, when the girls traveled in lumbering motor buses. As at that time the girls were obliged to take lunch in Paris, then return to the pool, they underwent daily from five to six hours of motor riding. They were so stiff and cramped by evening they hardly could walk. Later, remonstrances on the part of the manager caused motor cars to be allotted the girls, instead of buses, and things improved. But it was com­ parative improvement. While the hours of riding were cut nearly in half, other troubles arose. The crowding was greater, for one thing. Five cars were supposed to be at the disposal of the team, including twenty-four contestants, two chap­ erons and the coach. Generally only four reported. Often one of these was requisitioned by officials who had important business to transact. The girls then had to await developments. Until the alternates were eliminated from the consideration each car frequently had to carry seven people besides the chauffeur. And they were cars no larger than taxis, at that. Then there was the question of food. Whoever made the contract for catering certainly blundered. Despite repeated objections on the part of the coaches the diet was ill chosen throughout, totally unfit for training athletes. All arguments were met by the caterer with an indifferent shrug and the remark that the contract was being fulfilled. Moreover, any one late for meals had to go without. Nothing would induce the waiters to serve a morsel after the prescribed hours. Again the contract was invoked. And it was a serious matter, for the nearest restaurant was more than two miles away and no conveyance was available. Several times girl swimmers who were not feeling quite fit missed break­ fast altogether because they stayed abed a little longer than usual. I know of more than one track athlete who went supperless, after competing at Colombes, because delays at the stadium caused him to be late in returning. In one instance, too, the man was slated to compete again the following day. Another thing, the housing at Rocquencourt, at least, was not all that it should have been. The men were distributed in so-called huts—frame shacks divided into small rooms, each accommodating two or three. As the partitions did not reach the ceiling and the board walls magnified every sound, it took an exceptionally heavy sleeper to remain undisturbed by the snorers and people tramping in and out. No locker space was provided and it was a case of keeping everything locked in trunks and bags or being exposed to the pilfering of the few unscrupulous individuals found in every big group. The girl swimmers were more comfortably lodged in brick cottages, but these overlooked a well frequented highway, where the tooting of motor horns continued the night long. One cottage also lacked facilities for bathing. Further, the cottages stood approximately one-quarter of a mile from the dining hall. In bad weather the connecting road became boggy, mud ankle deep in spots, and the girls had to wade back and forth through a slush and rain. The isolation of Rocquencourt was another drawback. It reacted unfavor­ ably on the mental attitude of many of the athletes. There was little to relieve the monotony of the evening hours and men and girls used to living in cities, with a wide variety of amusement at their dipsosal, found the lack of recreation boring, the seclusion irritating. It was not their normal mode of life. It was the common report that the outstanding reason for the selection of Rocquencourt was the wish of the authorities to keep the athletes away from the temptations of Paris. It seems rather absurd. Certainly individuals who for years have been eagerly looking forward to the chance of reaping Olympic laurels are not likely to jeopardize that chance by indiscretions at the very time when their hopes appear about to be fulfilled. For the rest, any black sheep anxious to break loose, regardless of obliga­ tions, and consequences, never will be deterred by difficulties and restrictions. Count on his finding a way. It is especially regrettable that our athletes should have been submitted to such handicapping conditions, as the amount of money spent on them would more than have paid for accommodation at good hotels, conveniently close to the respective scenes of activity. That would have done away entirely with the tiring motor travel and all the inconvenience and unpleasantness caused by the dislocated transportation system; it would have permitted each coach to prescribe the diet best suited to his particular wards; it would have enabled the contestants to rest better of nights and enjoy harmless recreation of evenings. Physically and mentally all hands would have profited. The thought occurs that the best way to prevent mistakes hereafter will be to keep entirely separate the athletic and social ends of our Olympic activities. Let a special committee, having nothing to do with the athletes, be selected to represent this country at social functions, and practical, experi­ enced men placed in charge of contestants. The managers, carefully picked, should be managers in fact, not in name only. In their hands should rest full authority. And each sport should be allowed to name its own manager, so that an expert trained in that sport, thoroughly conversant with its requirements, will be in control. Further, let the managers be chosen far enough in advance to attend to all preparations abroad, and give each manager a representative, also iden­ tified with the sport in question, to act as agent and make necessary contracts under his direction. Funds, too, should be apportioned by sport, or raised by each sport, and placed at the disposal at the various managers, to be disbursed as they see fit. There is no sense in selecting competent executives, then tying their hands, as was done this year. Certainly a specialist can solve arising prob­ lems better than a more or less trained social committee. Such a course not only will serve the best interests of the athletes, but go a long way toward preventing waste of money through the errors of officials lacking knowledge of the needs of the various sports. One more suggestion is that alternates be eliminated, or their number greatly reduced. Always, in the past, influence has been used to place on various teams substitutes whose performances did not warrant recogni­ tion. This year was no exception. Actually, the alternates prove a source of trouble and expense, besides causing the regulars who have earned their positions to be under constant mental strain, fearing they may lose their chance at the last moment. Lastly, it would seem advisable to nominate the selections committee at least one year in advance and clearly define its powers, that it may 'be able to base its selections on average performances, as well as the actual try-outs. This will prevent the elimination of champions of established ability, who may be temporarily off form at the time of the trials, yet fully able to recover before the competition abroad. Respectfully submitted, L. deB. HANDLEY.

REPORT OF DIVING COACH ERNST BRANDSTEN The results of the diving competition in the recent Olympic Games of 1924 is a good illustration of the enormous improvement in this branch of sport that has taken place since the Olympiad of 1908 in London, when but one diver represented the United States, and took third in the spring board diving. At the Eighth Olympiad at Paris last year the men of our team made a clean sweep of first, second and third in the spring board and high fancy diving events, while the women did likewise in the spring board and high plain diving. During the trip over and back, and while in Paris we found a willing spirit of cooperation in evidence on every hand. Aside from the usual little discomforts of a long trip to a foreign country, conditions were uniformly good. While in Paris we were somewhat handicapped by the necessity of traveling a considerable distance daily to get to and from the swimming pool, which entailed some extra effort. However, in the main our trip was provided for in a manner that showed evidence of much careful planning. Because of the fact that the United States made such an excellent record we must not feel that our efforts can be relaxed. We must strive harder than ever to produce even greater results in this sport for the next Olympiad. Proper equipment, uniform rules, intelligent coaching and competent judging are factors that can not be over-estimated in the improvement of our present divers, and in the development of new talent. In the hope that the following suggestions may be of some aid in mak­ ing plans for the coming Olympiad of 1928, they are being respectfully submitted to your body at this time. They were suggested to me by some of the technical difficulties encountered in my official capacity as coach during the past Olympiad. 1. The rules and regulations to be used in diving should be printed and distributed at least a year in advance so that prospective contestants could familiarize themselves with all conditions. The recognized Interna­ tional Regulations should be adopted for the purpose, so there could be no possibility of a constant change, with attendant misunderstandings. 2. The try-outs in this country should be held at some location where conditions of temperature, apparatus, etc., would at least approach the ideal. Men’s and women’s try-outs should be held at the same place. o. The results of the try-outs in this country should be only to choose the members of the team who are to make the trip. After arrival at the place of the Olympic competition a final series of try-outs should be held, spread out over a period of a week, to determine which of the team members should represent the United States. It very often happens that an inferior diver wins a single day on a fluke over a much more able and consistent performer, so the ranking in the try-outs in this country should have no bearing in the final choice at the scene of the games. 4. Provisions should be made for living quarters close to the swimming poo!, so contestants could have the benefit of constant practice without con­ venience. Respectfully submitted, ERNST BRANDSTEN.

REPORT OF CHAPERONE OF WOMEN’S SWIMMING TEAM MISS CHARLOTTE EPSTEIN While my official position with the American Olympic Committee of 1924 was that of chaperone, it developed into a managerial position because Mr. John T. Taylor, the manager of the team, was housed at Colombes, while the women swimmers lived at Rocquencourt. It therefore devolved upon us to handle the girls from every standpoint except that of actual compe­ tition, and my report must necessarily follow those lines. Accommodations on board the S.S. “America” were good and the girls very comfortable on both the outbound and homebound voyages. At Rocquencourt, while our actual accommodations were fairly com­ fortable, the fact that that our rooms were directly on the public road sub­ jected us to considerable noise which militated against necessary sleep. Otherwise, everything was satisfactory there, except on rainy days, when the long walk to the dining camp presented a real hardship. Travel to and from the swimming stadium, located at the extreme oppo­ site side of Paris, was very trying. At first we travelled six hours daily in large, crowded, uncomfortable busses. Later, when private cars were provided, this condition was improved. During the week of actual compe­ tition, girls entered in the day’s events were brought to Paris in the late morning, given an early lunch and then a place found where they could rest. It would not have been possible to wait for lunch at Rocquencourt and reach the stadium in time. During this particular week, unfortunately, consid­ erable difficulty was experienced in securing the cars which had been assigned to us. The girls who made up the team were a credit to every one connected with the sport and the team. Their conduct was entirely beyond criticism. They met the difficulties with which they were confronted uncomplainingly and did their best regardless of conditions. On the entire trip there was not one unpleasant incident, and I am very grateful for the opportunity I had for such close association with them. Respectfully submitted, CHARLOTTE EPSTEIN.

REPORT OF CHAPERON OF WOMEN’S SWIMMING TEAM, MRS. DEAN In submitting this brief report as chaperon of the Girl’s Swimming Team for the American Olympic Team of 1924, I wish to thank any of the Com­ mittee or officials who were so kind as to try and make things pleasant for our young girls who represented the United States. As far as the performances were concerned, our girls made remarkably good showings. The conditions under which they had to practice were not of the best. This was due not entirely to our own management, but partly on account of the hours assigned for the girls to practice at Tourelles. It was unfortunate that the girls could not have been housed closer to this pool but of course at the time Rocquencourt was picked for them it was sup­ posed that the tank would be at Colombes. The hardship of having to travel four and five hours a day in busses did not tend to make the girls swim any faster. The Committee improved this condition by securing automobiles. My recommendation for future Olympics would be to have the girls’ team entirely under the control of a separate management and chaperons and that they be housed as short a space as possible from the place of competition. The United States is to be congratulated on the improvement shown in girls’ swimming the past few years. Our team swept everything before them. The character of our girls was excellent and the morale very good. I wish to again thank the managers, coaches and assistant coaches who worked so hard to help our team to make the best showing at the games. Yours very truly, MARIE A. DEAN,

REPORT OF MANAGER OF THE BOXING TEAM, WILLIAM H. CUDDY The United States boxing team won the world’s championship in the Eighth Olympiad at Paris, France. Selected at the National Championship Bouts at Boston in May, the team staged a spectacular victory in the Olympic games in competition with twenty-nine nations of the world. As manager, I was in close attendance at all the bouts, and on several occasions I felt that our boys did not receive fair treatment at the hands of the officials. A case in point was the disqualification of Lazarus of Cornell for failing to break when ordered by the referee. Many of us at the ring­ side did not hear the referee say “break!” nor did Lazarus, and it was dis­ heartening for us, to say nothing more, to witness the of the opponent of Lazarus and the latter not getting the credit of the decision. I was on my feet with a protest, but the cooler counsel of Colonel Thompson prevailed, and at his suggestion we showed the other nations that we could take even a raw decision as good sports and gentlemen. The United States Olympic boxing team was comprised as follows: Class 112 pound—Fidel La Barba, Los Angeles; Ray Fee, San Francisco; Pete Sarron, Birmingham, Ala.; Jack McDermott, New York. Class 118 pound—S. Tripoli, New York; Joe Lazarus, Cornell University; Harry Marcus, Cleveland. Class 126 pound—Joe Salas, Los Angeles; Harry Wallach, New York; Jack Fields, Los Angeles. Class 135 pound—Fred Boylston, Pittsburg; Royal Coffman, Omaha; Ben Rothwell, New York. Class 147 pound—Al Mello, Boston; John Rini, Cleveland; Hugh Haggerty, Pittsburg. Class 160 pound—Ben F. Funk, Yale; A. Allegrini, Los Angeles; Adolph Lefkowitch, University of Virginia; Lieut. John V. Grombach, U . S . Army. Class 175 pound—Tom Kirby, Boston; Murray Gitlitz, New Haven; George Mulholland, Indianapolis. Class heavy weight—E. G. Greathouse, Pittsburg; Lester Mayle, U .S. Army; J. J. Madden, U .S . Navy; Edward Eagan, Colorado; Ed. Maderia, Pitts­ burg. The United States was well represented among the officials at the Olympic bouts by Captain Charles Mabbutt, H. Obertubessing, John Sousa, Benjamin Levine, Dr. John Riley and Charles Ruffalo, while I served on the jury to decide disputes and arrange the order of the events. Points Scored 112 118 126 135 147 160 175 Heavy Ttl. United States 3-1 2 3-2 1 12 Great Britain 2 3-2 3 10 Denmark 3 2 2 7 Argentine 12 2 1 6 Holland Belgium 3 1 4 Norway 1 3 4 Sweden South Africa 3 3 France 1 1 Canada 1 1 Officials of Olympic Boxing Team William H. Cuddy, Manager, Boston. Benjamin Levine, Asst. Manager, New York. H. M. Webb, Coach, Annapolis. Captain Charles Mabbutt, Asst. Coach, U .S . Army. Al Lacey, Trainer, Boston. Olympic Boxing Championship Bouts FINALS 112 lbs.—F. La Barba, United States, defeated J. MacKenzie, Great Britain. 118 lbs.—W. Smith, South Africa, defeated J. Tripoli, United States. 126 lbs.—Jack Fields, United States, defeated J. Salas, United States. 135 lbs.—H. Nielsen, Denmark, defeated A. Copello, Argentine. 147 lbs.—J. Delarge, Belgium, defeated H. Mendez, Argentine. 160 lbs.—H. Mallin, Great Britain, defeated J. Elliott, Great Britain. 175 lbs.—H. Mitchell, Great Britain, defeated T. Petersen, Denmark. Heavyweight—O. Von Porato, Norway, defeated S. Petersen, Denmark. THIRD AND FOURTH PLACES 112 lbs.—Ray Fee, United States, defeated R. Castelleu, Italy (default). 118 lbs.—J. Ces, France, defeated O. Andrew, Sweden. 126 lbs.—P. Quartucci, Argentine, defeated, R. Devergnies, Belgium. 135. lbs.—Fred Boylston, United States, defeated J. Tholley, France. 147 lbs.—D. Lewis, Canada, defeated P. Dwyer, Ireland (default). 160 lbs.—J. Beecken, Belgium, defeated I. Black, Canada (default). 175 lbs.—S. Sorsdal, Norway, defeated C. Sarandi, Italy. Heavyweight—A. Porzio, Argentine, defeated H. De Best, Holland.

Recommendations I respectfully recommend that: 1- In future Olympic games the boxing team be separated absolutely from the other teams and have an independent training table so that the men may be properly conditioned and kept on a strict diet. 2. All officials should be carefully selected and approved for their ability and their knowledge of the rules so that their decisions as just will prevent a repetition of the mistakes which weighed so heavily against the United States boxers this year, and also to have ring of regulation size and inspected. 3. The referee should be stationed in the ring as is the custom in the United States. In closing this report, I know I speak for all the members of the boxing team when I extend to Colonel Thompson our sincere thanks and gratitude for the many courtesies and kindnesses he heaped upon the team. To the officials of the United States Line and to the officers and crew of the “America” we are also grateful for their attention and service while at sea.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT MANAGER OF BOXING TEAM B. LEVINE As the assistant manager of the United States Boxing Team, who won the Olympic championships at Paris, I was in close attendance at the scales when all the competitors weighed in, also at all bouts which were held. The competition throughout the tournament was very keen, and the arrangements as to notifying each nation when their representatives would box, also the other details were very well carried out by the French Boxing Federation, who handled the affair. There are two things that could be criticized. One, the referee being- stationed outside the ring. This, I believe, is unfair to the competitors, as they do not hear, owing to the noise made by the spectators, the warning given to them by the referee, and the result was that two of the competitors were unjustly disqualified for disobeying the orders of the referee, whereas if he was in the ring it would not have occurred. The second case was the weighing-in. Each competitor was compelled to weigh in at eight o’clock in the morning on the first day the tournament commenced, in fighting cos­ tume. Some weighed in with light shoes, trunks and shirts, whereas others had the regulation boxing shoes, protection cup and shirts, which were one- half to a pound heavier, and I would recommend, to make it uniform, that all contestants in future Olympic tournaments weigh in stripped. In closing I would also suggest that where there are substitutes that before the final selections are made by the United States, as the representa­ tive in the competition, that the coach, manager and assistant manager pass their approval on the selection, and not as was done in Paris when the coach picked the team without consulting or receiving the approval of the manager and the assistant manager. Respectfully submitted, BEN LEVINE,

REPORT OF BOXING COACH H. M. “SPIKE” WEBB The Eighth Olympic boxing championship, the highest honor which can be gained by a boxing team, was won by the United States Olympic boxing team at the Veledrome d’Niver, Paris, France, in six days’ competition with representatives of twenty-nine nations during the latter part of July, 1924. The honor which went to the United States was won solely on the merits of the team, as the United States boxers, well conditioned and well versed in the rugged sport of boxing, made a remarkable showing under adverse and strange conditions. While great credit for the victory must go to the boxers who actually took part in the contests, there are many other factors which must be considered in connection with the glorious victory, one of the principal being the great assistance which the American Olympic Committee gave to members of the boxing team at all times, in making arrangement for the trip, in finding suitable accommodations for the boxers, and supplying! with everything necessary for training. In winning the championship, the United States won two first places, two second places and two third places, sixteen boxers were entered in the tournament by the United States out of a total of 211 boxers, who weighed in to take part in the competition. The first place winners for the United States were Fidel La Barbe and Jackie Fields, both members of the Los Angeles Athletic Club of California. The second place winners were Jos. Salas of the Los Angeles Athletic Club of California and S. Tripoli of the Hollywood Inn Club of Yonkers, New York, and the third place winners were Ray Fee of the Olympic Club of San Francisco, California, and Fred Boylston of Kittining, Penn. This gave the United States a total of eighteen points. The manager of the team was William H. Cuddy of Boston, a man who has an international reputation in connection with the conducting of amateur bouts and through whose assistance the selection of the boxers to represent the United States was to a great extent carried out. The coach of the team was H. M. (Spike) Webb, boxing instructor at the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, and the man who was also coach of the United States boxing team which won at Antwerp, Belgium, 1920, and the American Inter-Allied boxing team which won top honors at the Inter-Allied Games at Paris, France, 1919. The assistant manager of the team was Ben Levine of New York, a man who has been interested and familiar with amateur boxing for a number of years and who proved to be most valuable in carrying out certain details in connection with the Olympic bouts. The trainer of the team was Al Lacy, of Chelsea, Mass., whose services to the team were invaluable. He not only assisted in coaching the boxers but helped in handling the boxers at the ringside and looked after the rub­ bing during the training for the matches. Dr. George E. Mott, , was always at the beck and call of the boxing team and his expert advice as to the condition of the boxers was a great asset to the team and was greatly appreciated. Ensign John A. Hayes, Jr., of the United States Navy, gave his entire time to the boxing team and in many ways helped the boxers during their training and the preliminary preparation in the dressing room previous to the actual fights. Captain Charles Mabbutt of the United States Army also made the trip with the boxers and helped in many ways. On his arrival in Paris he was selected by the Olympic Committee as a referee and judge in the boxing and wrestling tournaments. It might be well to state at this time that all the members of the boxing team—those who were selected to take part in the competition as well as those who did not have the opportunity to take part in the actual Olympic competition—trained faithfully and assiduously for the glory of the team and the honor of the United States of America. They were always at the call of the manager, coach and trainer and went through the difficult training exercises without a whisper, as they had entire confidence in the American officials who had been placed in charge of them. It is true at all times they were forced to go through the hardest sort of training, but they took it all in good spirits and that same spirit which was shown during a month of training was exemplified to a greater extent when they entered the ring at Paris to win the greatest honor which has ever been attained by a United States boxing team. There were thirty-one boxers on the team and of this number but two could be selected for each of the eight classes, and, as a consequence, many boxers who were able and experienced boxers, were not allowed to box owing to the limit which was placed on the previous number of entries. Every effort was made to select the boxers, who, in the opinion of the coach, were best fitted for the Olympics. There were no favorites and each man was judged on his merits. To Colonel Robert M. Thompson, president of the American Olympic Committee, who, in his younger days, was a champion boxer at the United States Naval Academy, from which institution he graduated, the American Olympic boxing team is deeply indebted for many favors. He proved himself the ardent sportsman at all times, in all ways, and always had the best interest of the team at heart, and in many ways his assistance and fatherly advice did much to keep the boxers in a happy state of mind. The long and arduous training which the boxers who represented the United States underwent in preparation for the Olympic championship con­ tests bore fruit on the afternoon of July 15th, when the 'boxing competition to decide the Olympic championship opened at the Velodrome d’Niver. The weather conditions were far from appropriate for the game of boxing and the men who took part in the contests on the first afternoon were forced to battle under conditions which were far from satisfactory as far as weather conditions were concerned. It was a sultry July afternoon and the sun’s rays penetrated the glass roof of the huge arena, making conditions most unpleasant for the participants. As a result of the drawing, the first contest was between Fidel La Barba, national flyweight champion of the United States, who later won the Olympic crown, and Warwick of Great Britain. When the American entered the ring in perfect fighting shape, he was given a wonderful reception by the Americans present, who entreated him to bring home a victory for the United States in the opening contest. The young California high school boy was somewhat nervous when he entered the ring, like a thoroughbred race horse at the barrier previous to the getaway in an important race. He was calmed down somewhat by the American coach, but he was plainly nervous as he crossed the ring and shook hands with the English opponent previous to the start of the Olympic tournament. Following the usual delay relative to the selection of the judges and referee, the gong sounded and the Olympic boxing tournament was under way. The boxers advanced to the center of the ring and as they met and exchanged punches, La Barba started to hit his stride. He lost most of his nervousness but retained just enough to make him step at a high rate of speed. It could be seen from the very outset of the bout that the two boys were real boxers with a keen knowledge of the game, as Warwick had fought his way to the championship honors in England while La Barba had gained the title in the United States. The first round ended in favor of the American, and although La Barba had been cautioned by his coach not to extend himself to the limit at the outset of the match, he forced the issue enough to show that he had a little more knowledge of the game than his English opponent, was faster on his feet and showed better judgment in sending home punches which counted. Between the first and second rounds when he went to his corner he was looked after by Spike Webb, the coach, and Al Lacy, the trainer. Webb imparted certain information relative to the style of the English boxer and the manner in which La Barba should battle him. The second round was a repetition of the first, with the American con­ tinuing to pile up a lead mainly through the skillful use of a left hand hook which was put across with a great amount of speed and considerable force. In the third round La Barba, full of fight, waded into Warwick and, with a series of left and right hooks, piled up a commanding lead and it was no great surprise when the judges awarded the decision to the game and willing American boxer. This meant that the Olympic boxing tourna­ ment was opened with a victory for the United States boxing team. This was considered by Spike Webb and the other Americans as being a good omen, and a feeling immediately came over the members of the team that they would capture the Olympic boxing championship. The second American to enter the ring was Tripoli, who was from Yonkers, New York, it being interesting to note that the first two American boxers to compete in the tournament were from the two coasts—La Barba from California and Tripoli from New York. Another point to consider is that both Tripoli and La Barba are of Italian descent. Tripoli was opposed by Usavaga of Chile, and the American was awarded the decision on points. The next American to enter the ring was Joe Salas of Los Angeles, California, national featherweight champion. Joe completely outclassed Burlie of Canada. Jackie Fields, the youngest member of the American team, and the youngest boxer who took part in the tournament, was next to climb into the ring. Jackie fought Doyle of the Irish Free State and handed out to him an artistic lacing for three rounds. Doyle was a good, strong, rugged fighter, but did not compare with the clever and aggressive Fields. This concluded the program for the afternoon as far as the American boxers were concerned and all four came through with a win. The first wearer of the American Olympic shield to enter the ring in the evening was Hugh Haggerty of Pittsburgh, who won a quick victory from Switck of Poland. Haggerty cut loose with a series of right hand hooks in the opening round which sent the Polish fighter to the canvas for the count of ten. Al Mello of Lowell, Mass., national welterweight champion, drew Dousset of France, European champion, for his first bout. The Massachusetts boxer had a tough customer and gathered up a comfortable lead in the first two rounds, but the French battler, spurred on by the plaudits of the French gathering at the bout, put up a most strenuous battle in the third and final round and had a little the better of the round. But this was not enough to overcome the lead which Mello had gained in the first two rounds. The decision went to Mello. Ben Funk of Yale, national middleweight champion, ran into a great surprise in the first round of his fight with Jones of Australia, who displayed a fine wallop. He connected with a terrible right hand swing to Ben’s stomach and the Yale mittman went to the mat, but was up immediately. The bout then waxed very warm with both boxers driving home lusty wal­ lops. It was a toe to toe battle in the third round, but Funk went into the lead when he sent his opponent sprawling to the ring floor with a well timed right hand hook to the jaw. The decision was well earned by Ben, who proved himself to be a most courageous fighter. Like most college boxers, Ben Funk proved to be the kind that could keep plugging away and win when hope was out of sight. Jones, too, proved to be a willing and courageous fighter with the ability to assimilate punishment as well as administer it. This closed the program for the first day of boxing as far as the Amer­ ican team was concerned, and not once during the afternoon or evening did an American boxer lose a decision. All the American victories were clean-cut and the American boxers handled themselves like gentlmen at all times. The first American to compete on the second day of the tournament was Ben Rothwell of Newark, New Jersey, a member of the Pastime Athletic Club of New York. Rothwell, who was in the lightweight class, drew for an opponent, a tough and ready battler in Kelleher of Ireland. Rothwell, however, was far superior and in the first round lashed out with telling punches that caused the Irishman to buckle somewhat. Befox’e the second round had gone a minute, Kelleher hit the canvas as a result of coming in contact with a right hand hook that carried lots of power. It was a clean knockout. Jackie Fields fought Hansen of Norway in the second series. It was all Fields from start to finish and the Norwegian could scarcely lay a glove on the clever American. Though winning easily, Jackie hurt his right hand, which caused him much pain during the remaining bouts. Joe Salas, Fields’ clubmate, was next in the ring, scoring an easy victory over Lovis of Holland. While an easy win for Joe, the boxer from the Land of Dikes proved to be a glutton for punishment. One of the most regrettable incidents of the tournament as far as the American boxers were concerned, took place in the bout between Joe Lazarus, a Cornell student, and Andren of Sweden. The American boxer was the victim of a very weird and unjust decision which plainly showed the incompetence of the referee who officiated the contest. Joe, who was in wonderful shape and who had been picked by the Amer­ icans to win the championship in the bantamweight class, scored a clean knockout but, to the consternation of the Americans, after he had been awarded the bout, the referee disqualified him for what he termed hitting in a clinch. At the very outset of the contest the American boxer showed marked superiority and scored with telling effect. Nearing the end of the round, Joe backed his man into a corner with a number of well aimed left hand jabs, and then, stepping back as I had schooled him to do in order to draw the opponent forward so as to set him up for a right hand hook. Lazarus followed out instructions to the letter, and as the Swedish boxer attempted to step in, Joe let loose with a right hand hook which found a resting place plumb on Andren’s chin, which knocked him to the canvas as dead as a door nail. He was so far gone that he was unable to make an attempt to get up and his seconds rushed into the ring to drag him to the corner. A short time later came the announcement that the referee had dis­ qualified the American, and this was greeted with considerable disapproval by many of the fans who were assembled at the ringside, as they could not understand how the American could be ruled out of the competition. There was no claim of “foul” made by the Swedish boxer or the manager of the Swedish team, but on the contrary the manager for the Swedish boxers informed the coach of the American boxers that he was perfectly willing to have the contest between the two boxers restaged, as he did not consider the verdict as one which would meet with the approval of the Swedish boxing fans. This was an excellent display of sportsmanship on the part of the representatives from Sweden, but the verdict of the referee was allowed to stand. Joe Lazarus is a fine little gentleman both in and out of the ring. And, while having such a shameful injustice imposed upon him which all but crushed his spirit, he showed himself to be of a kind that could take such without squealing. Following the Lazarus bout S. Tripoli, our other bantamweight boxer, locked horns with Tarrant of Great Britain and the American showed to advantage and was awarded the decision although the English boxer put up a wonderful game fight. The big surprise of the tournament took place in the next when Eddie Eagan, former Yale star and now attending Oxford College, England, and who won' the Inter-Allied middleweight championship at the Inter-Allied Games at Paris in 1919 and the light championship at the Seventh Olympic Games at Antwerp, Belgium, in 1920, lost a very close decision to Clifton of England in his first start in the 1924 competition. Eagan was rated as the class of the tournament and a sure winner. It was a rip-tearing fight from gong to gong. Both were sturdy battlers with a good knowledge of the game. At the end of the contest the judges disagreed and the referee awarded the contest to Clifton by a single point. It is interesting to note that Eagan had defeated Clifton in London two times within six months previous to the Olympic games. E. G. Greathouse, holder of the national heavyweight championship, was the next unlimited boxer to get into the ring, drawing a French boxer by the name of Galinat as his opponent. Greathouse had little trouble in scoring a win over the big Frenchman. LaBarba, for his second bout of the tournament, had as an opponent Lanzi of Italy. The Californian was far superior and the unequal contest was stopped in the second round. Ray Fee, another Californian, then fought Catada of Argentine and, although the South American gave Fee a whole lot of difficulty, Fee, by cool, scientific boxing, won the award. In the second series of the contests Fred Boylston of Kittining, Penna., winner of the national lightweight championship, met Shorter of Great Britain and won as he pleased. Ben Rothwell made it another victory for the Americans when he defeated Graham of Canada. Graham displayed great punching powers but was too smart for him, making him miss with most of the punches he started. Haggerty, who in his first start scored a knockout, repeated in his second encounter. This time it was Ertmanaki of Poland who hit the floor for the count of ten—and then some. Games Mello followed Haggerty with another knockout when he sent Chris­ tensen of Norway to “dreamland” with a wide left hand hook. All this happened in the opening round. Adolph Lefkowitch of the University of Virginia, who drew a bye in the first series of the tournament, lost his first start to Black of Canada in the middleweight class. The contest came to a termination in the second round after Black had connected with a series of hard right hand hooks which weakened the American boxer. Black was credited with a technical knockout. Ben Funk of Yale received the short end of the decision in his bout with Beecken of Belgium and this eliminated the Americans from this weight. Funk, who won the national middleweight championship and who is about the best defensive boxer I have ever seen in amateur ranks, blocked most of his opponent’s punches and retaliated with aplenty of good clean wallops. Funk had far the better of all three rounds, but somehow the judges agreed on the Belgian, much to the surprise of those present. Tom Kirby, Roxbury, Mass., holder of the national light heavyweight championship, then entered the ring, defeating Welter of Luxembourg in three rounds. There was not much to this bout. Kirby was far too clever for Welter. George Mulholland of Butler University, Indianapolis, the other entrant in the light heavyweight class, got the award from Belanger of Canada by battling away at top speed from start to finish. This was about the best light heavyweight scrap of the tournament. Both American flyweight boxers, La Barba and Fee, won in the third series in their class. La Barba won from Renne of Canada, dropping his man three times during the fight but Renne was up in each instance before the count of ten. Ray Fee outpointed Bergstron of Sweden throughout the three rounds of milling, winning by a big margin. The featherweights repeated the performance of the flyweights, as Joe Salas and Jackie Fields came through with flying colors. Salas was pitted against Petraca of Italy and the Italian persisted in hitting below the belt. He violated the rules so flagrantly that the contest was stopped and the Italian was disqualified. Jackie Fields gave Arbarca-Gonzalez of Chile a boxing lesson and easily won the verdict. S. Tripolis climbed through the ropes in the next bout and defeated Pertuzzo of Argentine in a fast fight that was marked by heavy punching on both sides. The American was the stronger towards the end of the final round, causing the lad from South America to back away and cover. Towards the end of the round Tripoli staggered Pertuzzo with a smashing right hand punch that landed a trifle high on the jaw. Ben Rothwell lost the next bout to Copello of Argentine. The Argentine did not display much in the first two rounds and Rothwell piled up enough to win, but in the third the South American battled hard and, in the opinion of the judges, got the award, but it appeared as if the verdict should have gone to Ben Rothwell with points to spare. Fred Boylston showed plenty of class in the following bout by taking Genon of Belgium into camp. Fred handed out an artistic drubbing to the game and willing Genon. Games Mello, American welterweight champion, got a tough break in his bout with Mendez of Argentine. The South American loafed for the first two rounds and then flashed in the third and, although he scored with several heavy punches, Mello was the stronger at the finish. There was no doubt but that Mello had a commanding lead in the first two rounds and Mendez, in the final, did not have enough of a margin to entitle him to the verdict, but he did receive it. Mello, as a matter of fact, punched the South American dizzy the first two rounds without the latter scarcely making a return. This decision did not meet with the approval of the fans who crowded the arena. Lewis of Canada then put the Americans out of the running as far as the welterweight class was concerned when he defeated Hugh Haggerty of Pittsburgh in a slashing three round contest. At this stage of the tournament the American boxers got some mighty tough breaks. George Mulholland outfought and outboxed Peterson of Den­ mark for three rounds but lost the decision. This decision was greeted with howls and hoots for ten minutes. Tom Kirby also received the short end of the decision in his bout with Sorsdal of Norway. Kirby danced around his opponent and kept plugging away with telling effect with snappy left hand jabs while Sorsdal had great difficulty in laying a glove on Kirby except in the clinches. It did not seem possible that the decision could be given against Kirby but it was and this called for strong protests by many of the fans in the arena. Sorsdal had been warned by the referee several times for rough work in the clinches but that is as far as he went in the matter. This decision put the Americans out of the running in the light heavyweight class. Greathouse, the last American entrant in the heavyweight class, was eliminated by the giant Porzio of the Argentine. In the second round Great­ house was knocked to the mat but gamely continued and in the final round gave a remarkable exhibition of real fighting and almost had the Argentine knocked out. The first contest in which an American boxer took part in the semi­ finals was when Ray Fee lost to MacKenzie of Great Britain. MacKenzie proved to be an exceptionally clever and rugged boxer and got the decision. Little Fidel La Barba came right back in the next contest and scored a win over Castollenghi of Italy. La Barba was sent out to outbox the. Italian, as I figured to save his hand for the finals. This he did in splendid fashion. The Italian scarcely laid a glove on him. S. Tripoli beat Andren of Sweden without any great difficulty. It will be remembered that this was the boxer who Lazarus knocked out earlier in the tournament. Tripoli won as he pleased. Jackie Fields met tough opposition in Quartucci of Argentine but came through with a win. Joe Salas won over Devergnies of Belgium, which left two Americans to compete in the finals. Boylston was eliminated in the lightweight class by Neilsen of Den­ mark, who later won the title in the class. The Dane staggered Fred in the second round and, although the American made a good finish, he could not overcome the lead which the Dane had piled up. This was the concluding fight in the semi-finals for the Americans and left the team in a state of mind where they knew they had to work very hard in the finals in order to win the championship for the United States. There were a number of factors which entered into the tournament at this time which tended to make the American boxers increase their efforts to win titles. There was absolutely no doubt that the Americans had received the short end of the decisions in some of the contests, where it was apparent to close followers of the fistic game from the United States that the American boxers were entitled to, but did not get, the award. The hostile demonstration which was staged in several instances against the American boxers after they had won a number of contests in the prelim­ inary rounds also tended to make the Americans put a little more pep in their work, for they figured that they might need to win by more than a com­ fortable margin in order to get the verdict. The Americans who were left to compete in the finals were La Barba in the flyweight class, S. Tripoli in the bantamweight class, Jackie Fields and Joe Salas in the featherweight class. This made the situation such that the United States was sure of one first and an excellent chance for two more. Before the finals were started contests were held or booked to decide third and fourth places. In the flyweight class Ray Fee won by default from Castellenghi of Italy and landed a third place for the United States. There was a little psychology entered into the competition at this stage. Ray had his arm badly hurt in the bout with MacKenzie of Great Britain; so bad that it was impossible for him to even lift it. The day of the bout I sent him to the American Hospital in Paris, where the doctor gave him the best of treatment, doing his utmost for the American boxer. Late that afternoon Fee reported back to the camp at Rocquencourt with strict orders not to box the Italian. However, on that evening, Fee and myself thought a little bluff might go a long way toward winning the third place. Fee donned his fighting togs and entered the ring several minutes ahead of the scheduled time and moved about as though anxious for the battle to start. This seemed to work like a charm, the Italian gave Ray the once over and then decided to forfeit the bout and the United States picked up a needed number of points. How­ ever, if it came to a battle Fee was prepared to give his best but could only use one arm. In the other battle for third place Fred Boylston scored a clean-cut victory over Thollet of France, there being no doubt of the superiority of the American. The first final bout to be decided resulted in an American victory as Fidel La Barba, the sterling, willing and aggressive American boxer, took • the measure of MacKenzie of Great Britain, one of the best flyweights that has ever been developed in the British Isles in recent years and a boxer who will soon enter the professional game. It was the contest on which the team championship depended, as the Americans felt if La Barba earned the award the United States would score the most points in the team competition. Thousands of people were in the huge building and there was a tense feeling as the two young boxers, who had waded through all opposition in the flyweight class, got ready to answer the gong for the final tilt for the Olympic crown. They earned the right to meet in the final by sterling per­ formances in their other contests and the contest was looked upon as one which should furnish a great deal of action from gong to gong. La Barba, the American boxer who made the trip of more than 6,000 miles from California to compete in the Olympic boxing, trained faithfully under the direction of myself and was fit as a fiddle when he entered the ring, as was McKenzie, the pride of the British Isles. When the gong sounded which sent the boxers away on their three- round journey, the crowd was silent and they sat viewing with interest the tactics adopted by the two high-class boxers. La Barba, who is not only a boxer but in addition a good two-handed battler, was sent in to keep on the move and use jabs and hooks as he stepped around his man. This proved to be the proper method for the Californian to box the Britisher and as a consequence La Barba piled up a comfortable lead in the first round. Most of the punishment which he handed out was to the body, but McKenzie did not wilt and took all La Barba had in stock and came back for more. The second round was a repetition of the first with La Banba adopting the same method which proved so beneficial in the opening frame, and again La Barba piled up a lead and great was the joy of the American contingent as it seemed as if La Barba had gained such a lead that he could not possibly lose, unless he ran into a knockout punch. In the last round La Barba felt more confident and went to the center of the ring with the intention of battling away with both hands, and here he made a mistake, as McKenzie, with his back to the wall, flashed forth and scored with a number of right hand punches which worried La Barba a little and started the crowd cheering. However, this rally was not enough to overcome the lead which the American gained in the first two rounds and the award, to the great joy of the Americans, went to Fidel La Barba. Immediately after the decision was given to the American boxer a large American flag was raised to the rafters of the arena and, as the flag went upward, the French military band struck up the Star Spangled Banner and the entire audience stood at attention. It was a sight that will long be remembered. S. Tripoli met one of the best boxers of the tournament in the final in the bantamweight division, as he was pitted against the hard-hitting, aggressive South African, Smith, and although the decision went to Smith, Tripoli put up a great battle, doing his damndest to win the bantamweight title for the United States. The great climax for the American boxing team came in the final of the featherweight class when Jackie Fields, the California high school boy, entered the ring to compete for the Olympic championship against Joe Salas, his pal and clubmate, and the national featherweight titleholder. It was a striking situation when one considers the fact that Fields and Salas were the best of pals, both members of the Los Angeles Athletic Club of California and made the long journey of 6,000 miles to find themselves fighting against each other for the world’s title in the amateur ranks. The boys had trained faithfully and when they entered the ring both were in the best possible condition. The American crowd at the ring adopted an attitude of strict neutrality as far as cheering either boxer was concerned, although each boxer was given a cheer as he entered the ring. As to the fight itself, both boxers gave a remarkable exhibition of scientific boxing and clean, hard hitting, and for the three rounds they put up a battle which will go down in the annals of history as being one of the smartest and cleanest battles ever fought in Europe. The decision of the judges went to Fields and it met with the approval of the crowd, as Fields boxed like a master, while Salas also gave a wonderful account of himself. After the announcement of the verdict, Fields stepped across the ring to the corner which was occupied by Salas and threw his arms across Salas and stated he was sorry, but it was the irony of fate that there cannot be two winners in a boxing contest, as there must be one winner and one loser. Following the fight Fields went to his dressing room and sat down on the bench and cried as he had been awarded the decision over his own chum. Salas, however, like a game battler that he is, took the decision without a whimper and no one was more sincere in congratulating Jackie Fields than Joe Salas. This battle did not tend in the least to break the great friendship which existed between the two California youngsters but cemented it to a greater extent than ever, as they proved to be real Americans when they were put to the real test, and they came through with colors flying. An outline of each boxer has been given above but perhaps the greatest fighter on the American Olympic Team was little Patsy Ruffalo of Mount Vernon, New York. Patsy fought the gamest battle I ever watched a man fight. Carried from the S.S. “America” when the ship docked at Cher­ bourg, seriously weakened from internal hemorrhages as a result of a body blow while training on the way across the Atlantic Ocean, he was sent to the American Hospital at Paris and remained there until the day the Olympic athletes sailed for the United States. For one month Patsy hovered between life and death and I dare say that had it not been for the wonderful attention that the American boxer received from Doctor L. R. Fuller at the American Hospital he would now be dead. Several days before the Olympic boxing got under way I went to see Ruffalo. The doctors were doubtful of his recovery. As I talked to the youngster, who was in great pain, seeing the anxious look on my face, Patsy looked up at me with a smile and said: “Don’t worry about me, Spike. Just tell me are the boys in good shape and whether they will win the championship for our country? Tell them that I think of them all the time and am praying for them to win.” The brave message was carried back to the training quarters, and though a saddened air surrounded the team, Ruffalo’s example became an inspira­ tion to all and really helped carry them through to a glorious victory. And, in closing, it is a pleasure to point out that the 1924 American Olympic contingent set a high-water mark for good sportsmanship. The boxing team as a unit of this contingent emphasized throughout the strong and noble spirit of early athletes of Olympia. Young fellows, selected from Maine to the Pacific, they were as one in their loyalty to America, to the spirit of the games and to me. In the ring they were cool and confident. They fought every second of every round for all that was in them. Their judgment was unfailing; they hit fast and hard, and the world’s finest array of fighters couldn’t evade these untiring ringmen. An outstanding feature in our 1924 boxers was their generalship in the ring. To the last man they implicitly obeyed instructions and no order seemed too difficult for them to carry out. If they felt tired with the battle setting against them they fought grimly on without faltering, and invariably their gameness brought victory. In these American boxers could be seen the same courage that America knew in 1917-18. The boxing records would not be complete without mention of Mr. William H. Cuddy, our manager. He was a fighting manager and rivaled the team in loyalty and spirit. Bill, as he was known to all the Olympic boxers, was always on the job, doing his utmost for the good of the team at all times. Much credit is due Mr. Cuddy for the victory. In fact, it was sort of a round robin of good fellowship amongst us all, and because it comes from this noble team I am proud to append their parting letter to me: “To Spike Webb, from the members of the 1924 Olympic Team: We, the undersigned, members of the championship boxing team of the Eighth Olympiad, wish to take this means of showing our appreciation and grati­ tude to our friend and coach, Spike Webb. It was through your tireless endeavors and efforts that we were enabled to win the world’s highest honors in the boxing field. You were always ready at any time to come to our assistance, helping us to correct our faults, giving freely of your advice in your own quiet manner, always a gentleman, never abusive and we doubt very much if this simple missive will convey our feelings in the proper manner. You have worked with us, have been one of us and we hope that when you recall your 1924 boxing team, you will have a kindly feeling for the boys who would fight to a finish for you as they did for their country.” The following is a list of the boxers who scored points for their respec­ tive countries: Winners Class Country P. La Barba Flyweight United States W. Smith Bantamweight South Africa J. Fields Featherweight United States H. Nielsen Lightweight Denmark J. Delarge Welterweight Belgium H. Mallin Middleweight Great Britain H. Mitchell Light heavyweight Great Britain 0. Von Porat Heavyweight Norway Second Place Class Country J. McKenzie Flyweight Great Britain S. Tripoli Bantamweight United States J. Salas Featherweight United States A. Copello Lightweight Argentine H. Mendez Welterweight Argentine J. Elliott Middleweight Great Britain T. Pettersen Light heavyweight Denmark S. Pettersen Heavyweight Denmark Third Place Class Country R. Fee Flyweight United States J. Ces Bantamweight France P. Quartucci Featherweight Argentine F. Boylston Lightweight United States D. Lewis Welterweight Canada J. Beecken Middleweight Belgium S. Sorsdal Light heavyweight Norway A. Porzio Heavyweight Argentine Fourth Place Class Country R. Castollenghi Flyweight Italy 0. Adrenn Bantamweight Sweden R. Devergnies Featherweight Belgium J. Tholley Lightweight France P. Dwyer Welterweight Ireland L. Black Middleweight Canada C. Saraudi Light heavyweight Italy H. De Best Heavyweight Holland How Points Were Scored UNITED STATES ...... 8 6 4 0— 18 Great Britain ...... 8 6 0 0— 14 Argentine ...... 0 6 4 0— 10 Denmark ...... 6 0 0— 10 Belgium ...... 0 2 1— 7 Norway ...... 0 2 0 — 6 South Africa ...... 4 0 0 0— 4

Canada ...... 0 0 2 1— 3 France ...... 0 0 2 1— 3 Italy ...... 0 0 0 2 — 2 Ireland ...... 0 0 0 1— 1 Holland ...... 0 0 0 1— 1 Sweden ...... 0 0 0 1— 1 First Place—4 points. Third Place—2 points. Second Place—3 points. Fourth Place—1 point. REPORT OF WRESTLING MANAGER C. W. STREIT Your wrestling team (catch as catch can) consisted of sixteen men, who sailed on the “America” on June 16th, along with Mr. W. E. Cann, coach; Mr. Wilbur Hutsell, trainer, and the writer as manager. After we were in France a few days the Navy sent over E. B. Rogers and H. A. Smith and the Allegheny Mountain Association sent over S. H. Brown, making in all a team of nineteen men. We consider that the American Wrestling Team was very successful insomuch as they won the world’s championship for the first time in our history, winning four first places, one second and one third place. The following men were winners of first places: 134 1/2 lb. Class—Robin Reed of Oregon Agricultural College. 145 1/2 lb. Class—Russell Vis of Los Angeles Athletic Club. 191.8 lb. Class—John P. Spellman of Brown University. Heavyweight Class—Harry Steele of Ohio State University. Second place in the 1341/2 lb. class was won by Chester Newton of the Multnomah Athletic Club, and the third place in the 123% lb. class was won by Bryan Hines of Northwestern University. The International Wrestling Federation decided to score ten points for first place; five points for second place, and three points for third place, and according to this method of scoring the following results were obtained: U .S . A...... 10 5 10 3 10 10—48 Switzerland 10 3 10 3 5 —31 Finland 10 5 5 3 5 3—31 Belgium 5 — 5 Sweden ...... 5 — 5 England 3 — 3 Japan ...... 3 — 3 In the Olympic wrestling championships there were thirty-two (32) coun­ tries represented and in all 268 entries. The wrestling started on the 11th of July and ran morning, afternoon and night through the 15th of July. Due to inexperienced officials, which were furnished by various countries, there was some bad decisions, however, at the meeting of the International Wrestling Federation at Paris on July 16th, I believe this trouble for future games was eliminated to a great extent insomuch as the handling of the championships in the future and selecting officials will be left up to a com­ mittee of three men, and as this committee has already been appointed, and the writer believes they are very capable and competent of handling the Olympic games. Considering the many handicaps your team had, due to injuries and espe­ cially a siege of boils, we consider they did exceptionally well and much credit for the success and condition of your men is due to Mr. W. E. Cann, coach, and Mr. Wilbur Hutsell, trainer, who worked very faithfully and many hours getting their team in condition so they could stand the grind of this tourna­ ment, which lasted five days. The American Wrestling Team was complimented by many for their good physical condition, also for the real sportsmanship they showed throughout the tournament. The writer considers this a greater honor for the team than having won the championship. The French Olympic Committee deserves a great deal of credit for the arrangements and the help they gave in running off the catch as catch can wrestling. They were always ready to assist or do anything possible to make the tournament a success. As chairman of your Wrestling Committee, wish to express to Col. Thomp­ son and his committee our appreciation of the many considerations given us while in France. If the writer has been of any service to you as chairman and manager of your team it has been a pleasure. Yours very truly, C. W. STREIT.

REPORT OF WRESTLING COACH W. E. CANN I was selected at the last minute, so to speak, by the committee to act as head coach of the American Olympic Wrestling Team of 1924. I knew definitely on Sunday night, June 15th, that I was to sail for France on Monday June 16, which gave me very little time for any preliminary preparation in regard to just what methods would be best suited for such an important proposition. First of all, I want to compliment the committee on the selection of its manager, Mr. C. W. Streit. Mr. Streit was most efficient as a manager, attending to the team and cooperating with me in every respect, which made my task much easier. There were eighteen men on the team, fourteen being college men, an exceptional group of athletes in regard to character and quality of material to work with. A meeting was held the first evening we were on board, a captain appointed, same being Mr. Perry Martter, Los Angeles. We stated our views and also set down a code of rules, in regard to training and stating positively that all training rules would be strictly enforced. We did more training than any other team on board. When we arrived in France our men had rounded into very good physical condition. I want to compliment the committee on the excellent arrangement on board ship, with reference to training, diet and accommodation for working out. We were stationed at Rocquencourt in France, and the location was ideal for road work, calisthenics and wrestling. Training for wrestling neces­ sitates plenty of strenuous work for days, and because of the fact that it is impossible to keep entirely away from accidents such as mat burns, bruises, and infection, one must keep very close watch on the men at alltimes to have the accidents reduced to minimum. We were ably assisted in keeping the men free from injuries and to take care of those injured by Mr. Wilbur Hutsell, who did a very excellent piece of work in rubbing and helping to take care of those injuries which are bound to occur while training for this branch of sport. We honestly believe that no group of athletes in the Olympic games were in better physical condition at the time of the event than the American Olympic Wrestling Team. Out of all the contests only three American wrestlers’ shoulders touched the mat. Those losing lost by very close decisions. In fact, in the 158 pound class we believe that we should have received first and second place, and would have had, had it not been for decidedly incompetent officials. Bryan Hines, Scott City, Kansas, won third in the 56 kilos. We won first and second place in the 61 kilos, first being won by Robin Reed of Port­ land, Oregon; second by Chester Newton. We also won first in the 66 kilos, Russell Viz of Los Angeles coming through. John Spellman of Providence, R. I., won first in the 87 kilos and Harry Steele of Sparta, Ohio, first in the heavyweight. Making a total of four firsts, one second and one third, scoring as many points as America has won in all previous Olympics. I want to compliment the wrestlers because of the very excellent spirit they showed during their training period. Every man went at the task before him with a true American spirit. We realize the heavy schedule of training they went through, but were more than pleased at the wonderful spirit shown by the men. Not one shirked his duty for a minute. We sure were proud of them. In offering suggestions it is my opinion that a coach in order to get best results from handling a team must live, eat and sleep with his men. This we did from the time we left New York until events were over in Paris. In offering criticism I would state that the training diet while at Rocquencourt was far from being ideal. Personally, we gave all we had to put across a winning team and fully believe that the success of the team was due to their excellent physical condi­ tion and judgment used in handling them, and the high morale. This was made possible by cooperation of all connected with the team. I want to again speak of the untiring efforts of our manager, Mr. Streit. No one could have labored harder for our welfare than he, and he most cer­ tainly deserves much credit for what he did. Respectfully submitted, W. E. CANN.

REPORT OF MANAGER AND COACH OF GYMNASTICS ROY E. MOORE One world’s championship and three additional point scores resulted in our participation in the gymnastic competition at the Eighth Olympiad, being the first victory for any United States team in sport which the European countries class as “major.” The gymnastic competition was under the specific direction of the French Gymnastic Federation and by the standard rules of the International Gym­ nastic Federation, of which the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States is a voting member. The program of events as adopted called for a team competition by nations, eight regular and four substitute men on seven pieces of apparatus, i. e., horizontal bar, parallel bars, pommelled horse, flying rings, long horse, side horse and rope climb, one prescribed and one optional exercise on the four first named and one prescribed exercise on the three last named. Individual apparatus, individual all-around and team all-around prizes were awarded.- Our Olympic team was selected at a final tryout on May 27, 1924, at , New York City, and consisted of the following men, named in the order of their final selection, last four being substitutes: Frank J. Kriz, Bohemian Gymnastic Association Sokol, New York. Alfred Jochim, Swiss Turn Verein, West Hoboken, N .J . Ensign J. B. Pearson, U .S . Navy. Frank Safanda, D. A. Sokol Gymnastic Association, New York. Curt Rottmann, New York Turn Verein, New York. Max C. Wandrer, Philadelphia Turngemeinde, Philadelphia, Pa. John C. Mais, Philadelphia, Turngemeinde, Philadelphia, Pa. Rudolph Novak, Bohemian Gymnastic Association Sokol, Cedar Rapids, la. Francis F. Ki-use, Jr., Unattached, Jersey City, N .J. Adolph Zink, New York Turn Verein, New York. John T. Andreasen, Norwegian Turn Society, Brooklyn, N .Y . Charles M. Cremer, New York Athletic Club, New York. Gymnastic apparatus for all events was taken on the S.S. “America” and used during the training period at Camp Rocquencourt, and for the actual competition in the Stadium at Colombes on July 17, 18 and 19 and 20. Nine nations competed and finished in the following order: 1. Italy, 839.058 points. 2. France, 820.528 points. 3. Switzerland, 816.461 points. 4. Jugo Slavia, 762.5 points. 5. United States, 715.6 points. 6. Great Britain, 637.7 points. 7. Finland, 554.8 points. 8. Luxembourg, 548 points. 9. *Czecho-Slovakia. * Injuries to members of the last-named team on the second day caused them to finish with only six men. In addition to the above, our team scored individually as follows: Long Horse—1st, Frank J. Kriz; 5th, Max H. Wandrer. Rope Climb—6th, Frank J. Kriz. The United States team had the highest score of any nation in the Long Horse event. The Secretary of the French Gymnastic Committee, Commander M. Roye, willingly gave us every assistance during the training period, arranging for a gymnasium at Versailles, to be used on rainy days, and for a practice session with the French team at Belfort, to compare notes on our interpre­ tation of the prescribed exercises, which we found to be correct in every par- ticular. The action of the International Gymnastic Federation in making “last minute” changes in the rules, which, (a) Prevented substitutes from participation (as such to guard against accidents); (b) Allowed “right” or “left” performance of prescribed exercises; (c) A second trial upon request; (d) Conferring of judges at eachapparatus and having them act as their own score clerks, thereby slowing up the running of the various events; (e) The unnecessary spy work on leading contenders during the com­ petition, and certain other similar details, are things which can be best treated with by our delegates at the next conference on Olympic matters, and deserve only to be mentioned here. Intense rivalry amounting almost to suspicion and calling for the director to carry and produce at each apparatus, identification cards with photographs of all members of his team, was somewhat of a surprise to us, for we are accustomed to accepting the guarantee of a competitor and team of fair play, but this rule may have been considered necessary because the actual compe­ tition covered a period of three days with opportunity for replacements unnoticed otherwise. The camp at Rocquencourt was ideal for training and with our own appa­ ratus erected under the trees, the men had every opportunity to master the prescribed exercises and polish up their optional work for each event.Minor injuries, which are to be expected in the course of strenuous daily workouts with gymnasts, affected our men to some extent, but principally with those listed as substitutes, so our regular team was almost 100 per cent physically fit their first day of competition, and we finished without mishap. Our plan of having the gymnastic team in Paris three weeks in advance of their competition worked out to good advantage for there are many details in connection with our sport which require time and individual effort to com­ plete, while training with other participants is necessary and instills confidence in performance, rules and general understanding. The public attendance during our days of contest was exceedingly light, except on the final day when the Stadium was comfortably filled. It would seem a good plan to conduct the gymnastic tournament in the center of the field during the week of athletic and track events, thus providing a continuous performance for the paying public. The committee in charge at Camps Rocquencourt and Colombes gave every assistance in their power to facilitate our training, being ready at all times with needed transportation, commissary requirements, etc., and deserve great credit for efficiently handling a most difficult problem. Invaluable assistance was rendered our cause by Mr. G. H. Bojus, super­ visor of physical training in the Jersey City, N .J ., high schools, and Mr. Lory Prentiss, physical director at Lawrenceville (N .J.) Academy, who served as judge throughout the several days of our competition, without compensation. Mr. Bojus, in particular, gave his entire time and attention from July 6th to 20th, assisting in the training of our team, and deserves special com­ mendation for this voluntary labor, which was of great benefit to us. There is every reason to believe that the next Olympiad will find our gymnasts more experienced and confident of their ability to meet the European countries with a fair chance to improve on their showing at Paris in 1924. Respectfully submitted, ROY E. MOORE.

REPORT OF MANAGER MODERN PENTATHLON TEAM, MAJOR WM. C. ROSE A report of American participation in the modern pentathlon competition, Olympic Games, 1924, naturally divides itself into five sections: (1) Selection of the team, (2) training for competition, (3) competition, (4) conclusions, and (5) recommendations. 1. Selection of the Team:— Selection of the four competitors to represent America in the modern pentathlon event of the Eighth Olympiad was, at the request of the American Olympic Committee, under the supervision of the War Department. The War Department delegated this duty to the Commanding General, Second Corps Area, with headquarters at Governors Island, New York. A committee of Army officers, of which the undersigned was the head, was thereupon appointed to make the necessary arrangements. After study of this event from the inadequate records of previous Olym­ piads, instructions were sent out through the War Department in Washington authorizing all Corps Areas and Territorial Departments of the Army, of which there are twelve, to send selected men to New York City for the national try-outs. Neither the War Department nor our committee had funds for traveling expenses of competitors and several corps areas and departments were not represented because of this. Thirteen competitors, all Army officers, finally reported for the national competition which was held May 14th to 18th, inclusive. Prior to the try-out it was found that there had been a wide disparity in the time various competitors had been able to train, so the committee decided to pick the six highest in the first try-out; continue them in training and hold a second elimination about two weeks prior to the sailing of the American Olympic Team. This procedure was followed and finally resulted in the selection of Captain E .N . Harmon, Cavalry, U .S . Army; Cap­ tain D.M. Scott, Infantry, U.S. Army; Lieut. F.R. Pitts, Cavalry, U.S. Army; Lieut G. H. Bare, Infantry, U .S. Army. Due to the varied nature of the five events comprising the Modern Pen­ tathlon competition considerable difficulty was encountered in selecting suit­ able places to conduct the various tests. Thanks to the cooperation of the Superintendent, U .S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., the problem was solved by holding the shooting, swimming and fencing events at that place, the riding at Fort Hamilton, N.Y., using the horses of a Cavalry unit of the New York National Guard, and the cross country run at Van Cortlandt Park, using so much of the intercollegiate cross country course as was required by the distance to be covered, i.e., 4,000 meters. 2. Training Period:— The officers selected were put on temporary duty at the U .S. Military Academy, West Point, N .Y ., to continue their training, as this place afforded the best opportunity for work in all five events. The problem of coaching, with the exception of swimming, was met by securing the assistance of spe­ cialists in the varius events on duty at the Military Academy. The services of a professional swimming coach in New York were secured, the expense being met by funds raised by the Selection Committee. On the S. S. America going to France arrangements were made by which instruction in swimming, fencing and running was continued under the super­ vision of the Olympic coaches in these events and instruction in shooting was continued under the supervision of Captain Harmon, one of the competitors and a pistol shot of considerable ability. For the shooting practice on board a very ingenious target was devised by using “8”, “9” and “10” rings of the full sized target. Actual shooting at the proper distance was continued all the way over. On arrival in France the same general arrangement practiced on the boat going over was continued and in addition, through the assistance of the Amer­ ican Riding Team, all four competitors had an opportunity to brush up on their riding. At the time of the competition all competitors were apparently in condition to do their best. 3. Competition:— The competition was held at the various places given below on July 12th to 17th inclusive. (a) Shooting: At Versailles, July 12th. Captain Harmon ...... 5th Lieut. Bare ...... 14th Lieut. Pitts ...... 33rd Captain Scott ...... 34th Captain Harmon’s shooting was excellent though a very light and an ex­ tremely hot day undoubtedly kept his score down. Lieut. Bare shot well and except for an unfortunate jamming of his pistol would have finished in the first six. The showing of Captain Scott and Lieut. Pitts in this event was a great disappointment, and their failure can only be ascribed to their lack of experience in shooting competitions. The winning score of the competition, 186, was made by Lieut. Christianson of Denmark. (b) Swimming: At La Tourelle Baths, July 14th. Lieut. Bare ...... 15th Lieut. Pitts ...... 25th Captain Scott ...... 33rd Captain Harmon ...... 37th The swimming competition was held in a 50 meter pool, in heats; with each man timed. Here again all four competitors failed to approach the marks they have made in practice. Based on previous accomplishments it was also found that the caliber of the swimming competition was decidedly superior to previous Olympiads. The winning time, that of Lieut. Lindman, a Swede, was 5 minutes and 20 seconds. The slowest time, that of Lieut. LaPierre of Czecho-Slovakia, was 8 minutes and 49 4-5 seconds. In previous competitions the range of time had been as high as from five to twelve minutes. In 1912 but four men did better than six minutes. The records for 1920 are not avail­ able. For 1924 ten men did better than six minutes. Lack of competitive experience and the opportunity to practice in a long tank proved a handicap to the American competitors.

(c) Fencing: At Colombes Stadium, July 15th. In the fencing Captain Scott finished with a point score of 22.5; Lieuts. Bare and Pitts 26.5 and Capt. Harmon 30.5. Prior to the competition it was expected that this event would prove the greatest stumbling block to the Americans. None of them had experience in competitive fencing, and unfor­ tunately the competition was so arranged that only a few of the competitors had an opportunity to fence more than ten bouts. This procedure was pro­ tested by us but the committee in charge refused to change their plans for the competition and it was not felt advisable to appeal to higher authority. The number one man of this competition, Lieut. Dyrsson of the Swedish Army, was a member of their fencing team, and in fact all of the high point scorers, with one exception, were fencers with years of competitive experience.

(d) Equitation: At the French Artillery School, July 16th. Fontainebleau, Lieut. Bare ...... 6th Captain Scott ...... 14th Captain Harmon ...... 26th Lieut. Pitts ...... 34th As the horses used in the riding competition are drawn by lot, the results depend entirely too much upon chance. Captain Harmon, who without douibt was the best rider of the four American compeitors drew a balky horse, an outlaw in fact that should never have been sent up for the competition, and still finished 26th in a field of 40. Lieut. Pitts was judged by the committee as having lost the course aind was assigned the arbitrary standing noted. I am of the opinion that this is an error of the judges as I watched him very closely. Unfortunately this decision of the judges was not made public until several days afterward; too late for a reconsideration. Lieut. Bare drew an excellent horse and rode a beautiful race. Captain Scott, with a mediocre -horse, gave an excellent performance. It is worthy of note that requirements of the competition anticipate that under normal conditions a rider will com­ plete the course in ten minutes. The best time was eight minutes thirty-three seconds by Lieut. Avellan of Finland, and 21 of the 37 riders who finished did better than ten minutes. The course was excellent and well marked and the obstacles fair and met in every way the requirements of the instructions for the competition. Wings at hurdles and jumps were used, though in pre­ vious Olympiads it is understood that this was not done. (e) Cross Country Run: At Colombes Stadium, July 17th. Captain Scott ...... 8th Lieut. Bare ...... 13th Lieut. Pitts ...... 18th Captain Harmon ...... 26th Performance of all competitors, except Captain Scott, compared favorably with previous performances. Captain Scott was suffering from a weak ankle, the result of an old football injury, and his time was probably some seconds slower than he would otherwise have made. The winning time of 12 minutes 40 seconds and the slowest time of 17 minutes and 48 seconds were much better than heretofore. It was observed from the previous records and from conver­ sations had with representatives from other competing countries that the improvement in this event was more marked than in any other. In fact, in 1920 the time of 14 minutes and 30 seconds finished 5th. The same time in 1924 finished 22nd. The course was the same as used for the Olympic cross country shortened to the distance required. The first twelve men, the country they represent and their relative stand­ ing in each event was as follows: Combined Name Country (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) rating Lieut. Lindman, Sweden ...... 9 1 3 4 1 — 18 Lieut. Dyrssen, Sweden ...... 20 4 1 3 11 — 39 Lieut. Uggla, Sweden ...... 7 22 5 5 7 — 45 Capt. Duranthon, F ra n c e ...... 4 18 17.5 11 4 — 54.5 Lieut. Avellan, Finland ...... 17 6 17.5 1 14 — 55.5 Lieut. Jensen, D enm ark ...... 2 19 11.5 9 19 — 60.5 Sgt. Maj. Vokins, Great Britain. . . . 24 11 10 8 11 — 64 Lieut. Tonnet, Holland ...... 22 12 13.5 16 2 — 65.5 Lieut. Bremer, Finland ...... 13 7 11.5 25 10 — 66.5 Lieut. Bare, United States ...... 14 15 26.5 6 13 — 74.5 Capt. Arman, Sweden ...... 3 9 15.5 27 20 — 74.5 Capt. Levavasseur, France ...... , 28 13 7 19 15 — 82 (a) Shooting, (b) Swimming, (c) Fencing, (d) Equitation, (e) Cross country run. 4. Conclusion:—

(a) The modern pentathlon event is so varied in its nature that it is extremely difficult to find men who have sufficient previous training in each of the events to make a creditable showing against picked men of the world’s athletes without a protracted period of specialized coaching and training of some months before Olympic competitions (b) The event is essentially military in its nature and future American Olympic committees must look to the Army for its competitors. In fact, it is doubtful if civilian athletes can ever be counted upon as a source from which prospective American representatives can be drawn. Even in the Army the Selections Committee for 1924 was unable to find any one officer who already had competitive experience in more than two of the five events. Espe-. cially is this difficult in the case of fencing as all really good Army fencers who were available wrere trying for and made the American fencing team. (c) If America is ever to be successful in this competition the event must, in the opinion of all officers associated in the selection of this year’s competitors, be actively promoted and supervised by the War Department and some means must be devised by the American Olympic Committee or the War Department by which interest in this event must be continued in the years intervening between the Olympiads. My own suggestion would be a bi-annual competition on odd years for one or more trophies, these competitions to be conducted under such instructions as the War Department may deem advisable, bearing in mind difficulties of transportation and expense therefor. (d) Competitors in this event, with from four to six alternates, should be selected and designated the year preceding the Olympiad in which they are to compete. Competitors so selected should be promptly concentrated at some central point, preferably at New York City, to secure expert coaching and competition for a year before competition. The four best men of this group should be selected as the American repre­ sentatives after appropriate tests to be conducted by the Selections Committee. It is understood upon good authority that this is the method followed by the Swedish Army, whose representatives finished 1-2-3-4 in 1912 and 1920 and 1-2-3 in 1924. (e) The Selections Committee in 1924 experienced the greatest difficulty in financing the try-outs. Funds of the War Department were so limited that travel orders could not be issued and officers, as previously noted, had to travel at their own expense. Some very excellent would-be competitors were eliminated because of this. Special ammunition and special target pistols had to be provided. Fortunately this year’s committee was able to get some funds through the generosity of the Intercollegiate Polo Association (in return the riding event was staged as part of their tournament but proved of little value to them). This, however, cannot be depended upon in the future. 5. Recommendations:— (a) That the American Olympic Commission ask the War Department to take care of the problem of selecting future competitors to represent Amer­ ica in the modern pentathlon. (Note—A complete and more detailed report of the conduct of this event will be forwarded to the War Department to serve as a guide for future selections committees.) (b) If it is not deemed advisable to ask the War Department to perform the above functions or if they do not accept the invitation and the American Olympic Committee is not in position to do the things suggested herein as being necessary to insure the American competitors making a creditable show­ ing, it is recommended that we withdraw from this competition in future Olympiads. I should regret very much if this was done because this compe­ tition should appeal to all who know the event but the haphazard method of choosing competitors followed heretofore and the varied nature of the quaM- fications necessary to make a creditable showing in each event makes it impossible to secure suitable competitors unless some means is found to grouse an interest which shall continue from one Olympiad to the other. Respectfully submitted, WM. C. ROSE, Major, A.G.D., U .S . Army.

REPORT OF MANAGER OF ROWING TEAM JAMES M. DALY The Olympic rowing championship was won by the United States by the margin of one point over Switzerland, the final score being as follows: United states, 33; Switzerland, 32; England, 27; France, 21; Holland, 12; Italy, 12; Canada, 10; Australia, 3, and Brazil, 3. All of the American crews qualified in their trial heats and were point winners in the finals, but the outstanding features were the victories of the Yale University eight-oared-shell crew; the Penn Athletic Club double sculls trew, of Philadelphia, consisting of John B. Kelly and his cousin, Paul V. Costello, and the valiant effort of W. E. Garrett Gilmore, of the Bachelor Barge Club, Philadelphia, who finished second in single sculls. In winning his trial heat, Gilmore established a new Olympic record for the 2,000 meter distance, covering it in 7:03 2/5. The best previous time was made by Jack Kelly in the Belgium Olympiad, in 1920, his time being 7:35. This is not a good comparison, however, because Kelly’s time was made in the still water of a canal, while Gilmore established his mark on the Seine River. The other crews wearing the shield of the Stars and Stripes were the Bachelor Barge Club four-oared-shell with coxswain, in which were seated Edward P. Mitchell, Jr., bow; Henry R. Welsford, No. 2; Robert Gerhardt, No. 3; Sydney Jelinek, stroke, and John G. Kennedy, coxswain, and the Penn­ sylvania Barge Club pair-oared shell with coxswain, of Philadelphia, con­ sisting of Leon L. Butler, bow; Harold C. Wilson, stroke, and E .F . Jennings, coxswain. Both of these crews finished third in their respective events. The races were rowed on the Seine River at Argentevil, about seven miles from Paris and a kilometer from Asonieres. The course was 2,000 meters, or 12 1/2 yards less than a mile and a quarter. Rowing of heats started July 13, 1924, and finals were rowed four days later. A summary of the events follow: Eight Oared Shell Won by the United States, Yale University; second, Canada, Toronto University; third, Italy, and fourth, England, Leander. Winning crew’s time, 6:33. Double Sculls Won by the United States, Paul V. Costello, bow, and John B. Kelly, stroke, Penn Athletic Club, Philadelphia; second, France, J. Stock and M. Detton; third, Switzerland, R. Bosshard and H. Thoma, and fourth, Brazil, Branco E. Castello and Branco C. Castello. Winning crew’s time, 7:45. Single Sculls Won by England, Jacob Beresford, Jr., , London; second, United States, W .E . Garrett Gilmore, Bachelor Barge Club, Phila­ delphia; third, Switzerland, J. Schneider, and the other contestant, A. Bull, of Australia, was disqualified for touching oars with Schneider while out of his course. Winner’s time, 7:49 1-5; second, 7:53. Four Oared Shell With Coxswain Won by Switzerland; second, France; third, United States, Bachelor Barge Club crew; fourth, Italy, and fifth, Holland. Winner’s time, 7:18 2/5; second, 7:21 1/5, and third, 7:23. Pair Oared Shells With Coxswain Won by Switzerland; second, Italy; third, United States, Pennsylvania Barge Club crew, and fourth, France. Winning crew’s time, 8:39, and sec­ ond, 8:39 1-10. Pair Oared Shells Without Coxswain Won by Holland; second, France, and third, England. Winning crew’s time, 8:19 2/5; second, 8:21 3/5. Four Oared Shells Without Coxswain Won by England; second, Canada; third, Switzerland, and fourth, France. Winning time, 7:08 3/5; second, 7:13. No U .S . Entry in Two Events Though the victory of the United States was won by only one point the achievement was a remarkable one inasmuch as we had no entry in the events for pair oared shells without coxswain and four oared shells without coxswain. We did not know about these events until we were ready to sail from the United States after the Olympic tryouts had been held and all of our oarsmen had been selected. As spare oarsmen we took William R. Hapgood and Charles S. Stokes, both members of the Bachelor Barge Club and while they would have given a good account of themselves in an emergency for crew work, it would have been impossible for them to have mastered a pair oared shell in the short time they had to train after arriving in France. It would also have been too much of a strain for any of the United States oarsmen who were entered in other races to row in either of the other events. Therefore, it was decided not to enter these events, giving other nations a possible advantage of 20 points, as the winner of each race receives 10; second, 5; third, 4; fourth, 3; fifth, 2, and sixth, 1. If the United States had entered experienced crews in the two races in question our victory would have been an overwhelming one. The Yale eight was coached by Ed Leader and by their Olympic victory they rounded out two successive seasons in which they were unbeaten. All of the other American oarsmen were coached by Frank J. Muller, of the Bachelor Barge Club. This was not Muller’s first experience as coach of a victorious Olympic crew as he accompanied Kelly and Costello to the Belgian Olympiad in 1920 when they annexed the double sculls title and Kelly also won the single sculls crown. Muller was selected as coach of the club crews in the Olympics because his record showed him to be the best rowing mentor outside of college ranks in the United States. He added to his reputation in Paris, demonstrating not only his ability as a coach but also as a rigger. With the American rowing squad were three former world single sculls champions, they being Kelly, Costello and Gilmore. Kelly won the title in Belgium and when he returned to the United States he was presented with the Philadelphia Gold Challenge Cup, symbolical of the world championship. Since then Kelly has retired from single sculls competition and the gold goblet has been won in turn by Walter M. Hoover, Duluth Boat Club, Gilmore and Costello. Under the provisions of the original presentation, the Gold Cup reverts to the winner of the Olympic championship, so Beresford became the holder of it by beating Gilmore. Try-outs Held in Philadelphia In view of the rowing facilities in Philadelphia, the Olympic rowing try­ outs were awarded to that city and were held over the 1 1/4 mile national course on the Schuylkill River, June 13 and 14. Arrangements for the Olympic try-outs were perfected by Henry Penn Burke and George Melloy, both of Philadelphia, members of the American Olympic Rowing Committee. Through their guidance the best oarsmen in the United States competed, and the races were rowed under the most ideal conditions. Yale won the right to represent the United States by defeating the Navy officers’ eight oared shell crew which won the Olympiad in Belgium in 1920 and which had been reorganized in quest of another Olympic crown. It was a thrilling contest and victory was grasped by only a half length. Navy varsity crew was third and the University of Pennsylvania eight finished fourth. There was only a difference of five feet between the winning Penn Athletic Club double, Kelly and Costello, and the Bachelor Barge Club crew, Gilmore and Hapgood, when they crossed the line. The difference in time was 1 1/5 seconds. Duluth finished third. Gilmore won the single sculls finals by two lengths over Costello. Russell Codman, of the Union Boat Club, Boston, was third, and Edward Maguire, Mutual Rowing Club, Buffalo, fourth. The closest finish was staged in the pair oared shell race. Butler and Wilson, wearing the Pennsylvania Barge Club colors, skimmed across the line a fifth of a second ahead of Beach and Teaf of the University of Pennsylvania. The margin was only two feet. Laub and Olcott, Undine, were third. Bachelor’s four oared shell crew, Mitchell, Welsford, Gerhardt and Jelinek, with Kennedy handling the tiller ropes, won their race by six feet over the Lone Star four, of New York, while Pennsylvania Barge Club was third; Penn Athletic Club, fourth, and , fifth. Sail for France With the Olympic races only one month away it was necessary to sail at once in order that our oarsmen might get as much training as possible on the Seine. The following day all of the oarsmen left for New York, and two cays later sailed from Hoboken on the S.S. America, with about 300 other members of the American Olympic team. All of the American rowing squad was aboard with the exception of the Yale eight, which stopped off at New London and beat the Harvard varsity crew in their annual four-mile combat. The Eli oarsmen and Coach Leader, under special arrangements, sailed later on the S. S. Homeric. During the voyage on the America our oarsmen kept in condition by training on rowing machines at 11 A.M. and 4 P.M. daily. The machines were on the aft deck and included four sweeps and a scull. Coach Muller trained the blademen carefully and they kept in fine condition, notwithstanding the great difference between rowing in a shell and in a rowing machine. Reception in France We arrived at Cherbourg at 2 A.M., June 24, after an eight-day trip. We landed six hours later and went by train to Paris. There we were met by the French Olympic Committee, who escorted us to Rocquencourt, headquar­ ters of the United States track team, where we remained two days. That night a fire broke out in the village and the entire place was in danger of destruction. Three members of our rowing squad, Kelly, Hapgood and Kennedy, distinguished themselves by pulling down live wires from the frame houses. A man who lived in the village also attempted to do the same, but unfortunately he grabbed a wire of high voltage and was instantly electrocuted. Our quarters were not satisfactory, being about an hour’s ride to the boat houses. But after two days we succeeded in leasing a beautiful chateau, located at Bois Colombes and there we remained until we parted for home. It was only two miles from the Seine. Our shells were housed in four canvas hangars, which were on the river bank, midway between the start and finish of the Olympic course. There was not a building near the course and that section of the country was more or less devastated. From our arrival in France until our departure we enjoyed perfect co­ operation with the American and French Olympic Committees. Our chances of victory were greatly enhanced through the efforts of Colonel Robert M. Thompson, president of the American Committee, who worked unceasingly and granted every request we made. The efforts of Frederick W. Rubien, secretary, and William C. Prout, member of the Executive Committee, both of the American Olympic Committee, also greatly helped our oarsmen. Like their associates, they were efficient, untiring and generous. The kindness and good wishes of France were accentuated by M. Baud, president of the Inter­ national Federation of Rowing Societies. The races were held a half hour apart. There was a covered grand stand at the Finish and in front of this was a large bulletin board which gave the position off each crew at every 500 meters. The stand also was equipped with loud speakers, through which announcements were made to keep the spectators informed of the progress of the races. This was done by men stationed at microphones at each 500 meter mark. The French Committee were the first to adopt this system and it should be used in the future in America for every regatta. Yale University Eight Wins The pick of the eight oared shell crews of Canada and Holland faced the Yale eight in their preliminary heat on the Seine. This contest only added to the number of victories of the Leader-coached sweep-swingers, and it was not much more than a good workout. The United States colors crossed the line three-and-a-half lengths ahead of Canada and five lengths before Holland. In another preliminary heat the Leander Rowing Club, of England, tri­ umphed over the Belgian, Argentine and French crews. In the third heat the Australians and Spaniards were defeated by the Italian crew. When Yale went to the starting line in the finals the United States needed only 10 points to' win as the Philadelphia crews had scored 23 points and everybody conceded the Yale crew to be a sure winner. We were trailing Switzerland by 9 points and Great Britain by 1 point, and as the winner of each contest was credited with 10 points, it was necessary for the American entry to win this, the final event, in order to win the rowing supremacy. Under these circumstances the eight oared shell race was rowed amid a scene of great enthusiasm. The Yale eight went to the line with the crews of England, Canada and Italy. Yale got off to a slow start and for a time it looked as though this won­ derful eight was going to meet its first defeat in two years. But the suspense was only for short duration. At the 500 meter mark the Americans put on a wonderful and their shell seemed to just leap past the Italians, from whom they took the lead. From then on during the remaining three-quarters of the race the Americans not only held the lead but continued to increase it, crossing the line three-and- a-half lengths ahead of Canada. The Italian eight gave the Americans their closest competition most of the way, but they were beaten out for second place by Toronto University, representing Canada, in the closing spurt. But the Canadians were unable to cut down the lead of the “flying” Americans, who crossed the line amid a wild ovation. The crew follows: L .G . Carpenter, bow; F. Sheffield, No. 2; A .M . Wilson, No. 3; J . S . Rockefeller, No. 4; J . L . Miller, No. 5; H .T . Kingsbury, Jr., No. 6; B .M . Spock, No. 7; A .D . Lindley, stroke, and L .R . Stoddard, coxswain. Kelly and Costello Victors The victory of Jack Kelly and , of the Penn Athletic Club, in double sculls, added just as much to the United States score as the triumph of the Yale eight and was just as spectacular. Until this double flashed across the line first the United States was far behind in points and was not considered to have much of a chance, although any Olympic rowing enthusiast knew that these cousins were almost invincible. The events were so arranged that the doubles contest was next to last and when the Pennac scullers paddled to the line the points stood: Switzer­ land, 28; Great Britain, 27; Holland, 20; France, 18, and the United States, 13. At the start of the race the Frenchmen, Stock and Detton, jumped away to a good lead, with Switzerland, second; United States, third, and Brazil, last. The French scullers were muscular and good blademen, so the Ameri­ cans knew they would have to watch them closely. At the 500-meter mark the positions were still unchanged and the Amer­ ican shell was still a length behind. Kelly and Costello were rowing their usual race, that of hanging on the stern of the leading craft until the race was well under way when they would start their sprint. At 1,000 meters there was no change, but Kelly noticed that the French and Swiss blademen were showing the effects of the pace. This was just what the Americans were waiting for. They gave a mighty spurt and set such a pace that they not only passed the two other shells but went into the lead with a margin of three lengths. Kelly and Costello were content to hold this lead and they crossed the line just three lengths ahead of France, while Switzerland was third, one length behind France, and Brazil trailed on, three lengths further. The victors waited at the finish and saw the triumph of the Yale crew. In their trial heat Kelly and Costello beat the French crew by five lengths. John B. Kelly—Born October 4, 1890. Started rowing in 1908 with Chamounix and Montrose Boat Clubs. Joined Vesper B .C ., 1909, and won first race same year. Won first race on Harlem River, 1909. Won 106 races. Won single and double sculls world titles. Held sculls championship seven years. Paul V. Costello—Born December 27, 1894. Joined Vesper Boat Club, 1914. Won first sculls race in American Henley, 1919. Won fifty races, including nine national titles. Won world doubles title with Jack Kelly in Belgium, 1920. Joined Penn Athletic Club, 1923. Won world singles title in Philadelphia, 1924. Won second world doubles title with Jack Kelly in France, 1924. SINGLE SCULLS By W. E. Garrett Gilmore. Nine were entered in the three heats for single sculls, but the scullers representing Poland and Hungary scratched. That left , of England, and myself in one of the heats. The starting line was about three-quarters of a mile from the boat house. In my heat against Beresford I hit up a lively clip from the boat house to the starting line in order to get warmed up and I then paddled a little past the line. When I turned I saw Beresford waiting for me. When I caught up to him and exchanged greetings it was the first time we had ever met and I found him much to my liking. He asked for Russell Codman, of the Union Boat Club, Boston, and Walter Hoover. The starter was in a row boat and an oarsman was paddling him around. This official presented a peculiar sight to me as I was accustomed to being- sent on my way at the sound of a pistol by a starter in a power boat. But this man held in one hand a large brass gong, about a foot in diameter, while in the other hand was a red flag. Incidentaly, he was a linguist and could speak the language of any of the oarsmen who were to face him. After we got on the line Beresford asked the starter whether he would send us off in English. “Yes. Go!” replied the starter, and away we raced as he dropped the flag. That was a real thrill. Beresford rowed a higher stroke and jumped into the lead at the start. He was about a length ahead at 500 meters and he held that advantage for the next 900 meters. During this time I could see the stern of Beresford’s shell out of the corner of my eye and I knew he was no more than a length ahead. Though I was working hard, I felt good and knew that I had good re­ serve. The wind was blowing down the course and it was extremely hot. About 600 meters from the finish I dug in for twenty hard strokes and took the lead. He made a strong effort to overcome my lead, but I won by 1 1/2 lengths. Beresford afterwards rowed in another heat, which he won and thus qualified for the finals. Three days later the finals were raced. On the starting line were A. Bull, of Australia; J. Schneider, of Switzerland; Beresford and myself. Schneider and Bull got a good start and jumped Beresford and myself. At 500 meters Schneider and Bull were rowing on even terms and were about two lengths ahead of Beresford, while I was two lengths further behind. At the half-way mark, or 1,000 meter post, Beresford succeeded in pulling up and taking the lead, while I drew up abreast of Schneider and Bull. Beres­ ford was rowing a beautiful race and was about a length ahead. I spurted and tried to overtake the Englishman about 800 meters from the finish. Gradually I gained and I got a glimpse of the stern quarter of Beresford’s shell, showing I was only three-quarters of a length behind. Then Beresford uncorked a mighty spurt and increased his lead to a little over a length. That was about the distance that separated us until 200 meters from the finish. Then I realized it was impossible to catch him as he was gaining inch by inch. He finished about 2% lengths ahead. In the meantime, Bull and Schneider were hopelessly behind and the former was disqualified for touching the latter’s oars. When the winner crossed the line Schneider was about 250 meters behind. There is one thing about that race I’ll never forget. During the last 200 meters, when the sun seemed to get hotter with every stroke and I was making a supreme effort to grasp victory, a kindly breeze swept across the Seine, carrying a strong but pleasant scent from a perfumery which was not within sight. It was truly so strong that it first gagged me, but in a moment I was rowing on as if in a flowing river of the perfume itself. I desire to pay tribute to Jack Beresford as an oarsman and to James M. Daly as captain and manager of the Olympic oarsmen. Beresford is one of the most skilled scullers I ever met in competition and win or lose he is absolutely a gentlemen. The sting of defeat was somewhat lessened by losing to an athlete of his calibre. Under the guidance of Mr. Daly the American oarsmen had every facility they could desire. After we landed in France Mr. Daly’s activities were directed toward turning out winning crews and we could not have been in better condition for the contests. W. E. Garrett Gilmore—Born February 16, 1895. Joined Bachelor Barge Club, 1919. First victories following year, winning junior singles and dou­ bles, intermediate singles and doubles, and association single sculls races. Won twenty-five races, including twenty singles. Won four national races and three Canadian titles. Won world single sculls title 1923. . FOUR OARED CREW WAS THIRD By Sydney Jelinek, Stroke. The first- events of the Olympic try-outs were held on Friday, June 13, of all days. Among the many hard fought events of that regatta, our four oared shell crew sprinted across the line only six feet ahead of a fast field. Two weeks previous we had been beaten rather easily by the Penn Barge and Penn A .C .fours. At that time we had not acquired the “feel” of our new shell, which we received only two days before. Consequently, when we won the try-outs a very dark horse laughed in the face of the jinx who pre­ sides over Friday-the-thirteenth. Exactly a month later, on the 13th (again) of July, we opened the activi­ ties of the American oarsmen on the Seine rather auspiciously by taking the first heat of the fours from the Belgian and Spanish crews. This was not a particularly difficult feat. We sprang into the lead early in the race and kept widening the gap to a five-length lead over Belgium at the finish. During the race canal boats plied up and down the Seine and there was a head wind. Our crew averaged 157 pounds and was lighter and younger than all of the crews in our event, so we had good reason to fear a head wind. There was a stiff wind blowing across and up the course and the river snapped and crackled in face of it when we paddled up to the starting mark for the finals. Thanks to Coach Frank Muller, we were all in fine shape, trained to the proper edge and swinging along with good rhythm. We lined up as follows: Course No. 1, United States; No. 2, France; No. 3, Italy; No. 4, Holland (winner of a heat for crews which had placed second in other heats), and No. 5, Switzerland. The starter’s command of “Partez” (go) and the dropping of the flag sent France and Switzerland out on a perfect start and slight lead. We left the post abreast of Holland, with Italy behind on a poor start and destined never to recover the lost distance. Feeling the full force of the wind I nursed the crew’s strength so that at the 500-meter post I dropped the beat slightly to a smooth racing drive and France, Holland and Switzei’land still had a half length on us. I had been warned of the French coach’s shrill signal whistle at the 1,000-meter mark and hoped to surprise the three leading crews by an early spring at this stage. The sweep-swingers behind me answered my raised beat perfectly and we crept into a slight lead as we passed the shell hangars where the American oarsmen on shore were shouting “stick ’em in.” But the wind that beat on our backs was telling on us. The stroke even now was becoming slightly labored. We passed the 1,500-meter mark with the Swiss a few feet ahead of France and Holland, while we were once more a half leng'th behind and falling back still further. A quarter mile from the finish Coxswain Kennedy rallied us for the last furious sprint. We tried to outwit with a higher and still higher stroke, the wind that buffeted us unceasingly. Forty yards from the finish two of the Hollanders crumpled up in their shell under the terrific strain. We were now literally rowing blind but kept doggedly “giving her ten,” praying there was still time to overtake the two remaining crews. And then the cannon boomed relief to burning lungs and straining muscles as three closely bunched crews swept over the line. The Swiss crew, with three members of the 1920 Olympic victors, had won in poetic justice against all “Swiss Navy” ridicule. The winner’s time was 7:18 2/5; second, France, 7:21 1/5, and we placed third in 7:23, barely a length behind the winners. Holland and Italy were fourth and fifth, respectively. Our crew comprised three men who had won a Canadian championship and the Middle States title in 1922, Ed. Mitchell at bow, Welsford at No. 2 and myself in the stroke seat. Bob Gerhardt at No. 3 had been a member of Arundel’s senior four and squad before joining the Bachelor Barge Club, replacing Ralph Roberts who was busy winning sculling honors. Mitchell and myself had rowed at stroke and No. 6, respectively, on the University of Pennsylvania’s championship 150-pound crew in 1920. The following year Mitchell, known as the “little iron man,” stroked Penn’s varsity eight, though, he weighed only 148 pounds. I rowed No. 7 on the same crew and also was on the varsity eight in 1922 and 1923. During the latter year Mitchell stroked Penn’s junior varsity. Henry Welsford had his early training on the Navy’s plebe crew in 1920 and rowed in the Malta Boat Club eight in 1921. Coxswain Jack Kennedy held the tiller strings for Penn’s 150-pound crew in 1920 and afterwards in several junior varsity shells. He guided several fours and eights to victory for the Bachelor Barge Club.

Pair Oared Shell With Coxswain Prior to the announcement concerning the rowing events to be included in the 8th Olympiad, pair oared shell rowing had long been discarded in the competitive events held in America. Not until the committee had made pro­ vision to include such an event in the Olympic try-outs were any prepara­ tions made to train crews and at such a late date it was necessary to order new boats to be built as the coxswained pairs had never been used before in this country. Only three weeks remained after delivery of the boats to condition the crews for this race and in the try-outs held in Philadelphia on June 13th, three crews were started to determine which should represent the United States at Paris. After a most thrilling- contest in which all these crews practically raced abreast from start to near the finish, the Pennsylvania Barge Club entry pulled ahead and won by a scant margin of two feet from the University of Pennsylvania crew, which in turn finished a fraction of a second ahead of the Undine Barge Club crew. The winning time was 7:50 1/5; 5 4/5 seconds lower than the winning time in the 1920 Olympic race for this event. This is the second crew from the Pennsylvania Barge Club to represent the United States at the Olympic games, a four-paired shell crew winning these honors in 1920. On the voyage over and the short period in France prior to the race, special training and attention was given this crew by Coach Muller in an endeavor to offset as much as possible the short training period in this country. In the semi-finals, the Pennsylvania Barge Club crew finished second to France by a very slight margin, eliminating the Belgian pair, which finished third. Time, 7:36. According to arrangement, the crews finishing first and second in each heat qualified for the final event which brought together Switzerland, Italy, United States and France. In a very close contest, Switzerland won by a small margin from Italy, United States finishing third, France fourth. The time was 8:39, which is considered very slow but was due to strong head wind and rough water. Butler, Leon E.—Bow. Born Big Rapids, Michigan. Age 31, height 6 feet, weight 165 pounds. Joined Pennsylvania Barge Club 1919 and rowed each year in eight-oared shells and fours. Wilson, Harold C.—Stroke. Born Washington Borough, Pa. Age 21, height 6 feet, weight 175 pounds. Started rowing from Pennsylvania Barge Club 1922 in eights and fours. Jennings, Edward F.—Coxswain. Born Philadelphia. Age 25, height 5 feet 2 inches, weight 97 pounds. Joined Pennsylvania Barge Club, 1923. WASHINGTON CANOE CLUB IN THE VIII OLYMPIAD By Commodore A. Earle Weeks. News that international canoe races of a demonstrative nature were to be held at Paris, during the running of the rowing events in the Olympic games of 1924, came to Washington by way of Canada. One of the members of the Washington Canoe Club happened to glance over the columns of a Toronto newspaper, where he saw and read an interesting article about a crew of eight men that was to be selected by elimination contests to represent Canada in the canoe races to be held as a demonstrative sport in the VIII Olympiad. The article also explained the plan of the Canadian Canoe Association to interest crews of the United States and other countries. A little later information was received that the American Canoe Associa­ tion would also hold elimination contests to select eight men to represent this country in the “Exhibition of the Canadian Canoe.” No limitation was placed on the number of representatives from any one country, the idea being to impress the officials of the International Committee with the sport in the hopes that canoe racing would be included as a regular sport in future Olympic programs. With th:s in mind the Washington Canoe Club, which has always been interested in, and has bent every effort to foster canoe racing, entered most enthusiastically in the proposition, and saw nothing better for its men than to send its best crew to Paris, which along with the eight men that the American Canoe Association planned to send would give America a good representation. The Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia sanctioned our entry as the official representatives of the City of Washington. Under the active leadership of Mr. Harry T. Knight, vice-commodore of the club and one of the most enthusiastic and proficient blade wielders in the United States, a goodly squad set in training on April 6, 1924. With a crew of twenty to select from, competition was keen. Adverse conditions for training were met in the cold and rainy spring. The Potomac overflowed its banks in May and training was transferred from the river to the old Chesa­ peake and Ohio Canal. The ardor and enthusiasm of the men to win a coveted place in the Olympic crew, the finest athletic plum ever offered to a canoe racing man. kept up throughout, and gave Mr. Knight plenty of material to work with. We were assured that with such leadership and such material that our crew would give a good account of itself. But another obstacle presented itself. No provision has been made for the financing of demonstrative sports by the Olympic Committee. It was therefore necessary for the canoeists to look out for themselves. The American Canoe Association planned to raise its funds through taxing its various divisions a pro-rata share. The Washington Canoe Club, after deciding to enter the events independently as a unit and keep its identity intact had to foot its own expenses. The American Olympic Committee agreed to take us over on the S. S. AMERICA with the regular Olympic team, house and board us at Colombes and bring us back at $500.00 per man. This meant an expense to the club of $2,000.00, which entailed some financial sacrifices on the part of the membership. However, the money was raised as a gift from the club members without the hue and cry of public solicitation of funds. The latter part of the month of May found us with our crew about selected and gradually rounding into form. It was at this time that word came to the club of a canoe regatta to be held at Albany, N .Y ., under the auspices of the Albany Yacht Club, as a part of the celebration of the Albany tercen­ tenary on June 2, 1924. It was advertised that canoe clubs of the Eastern, Atlantic, Northern and Delaware-Chesapeake Divisions of the American Canoe Association would send crews, also that the Canadian Canoe Association would send an entry. The Washington Canoe Club could not well afford, in view of the expense of financing its Olympic entry, to send a crew to Albany. But realizing that here was a chance to see how its crew measured up with the cream of the American Canoe Association, and give us the opportunity to correct any flaws that may develop in our crew we decided to enter our club in the Albany regatta. In this regatta the club’s faith in its crew was justified, as the four men from the Washington Canoe Club, entering eleven events, won eight first places and three seconds, taking every senior event but one and winning the regatta with a total of forty-nine points. The fea­ ture events, the club fours, were handily won by the Washington club. This, as it later developed, was the only try-out of the canoe crews of the United States. Information was later received that the financial efforts of the American Canoe Association were not meeting with the cooperation expected and that they would have to abandon their plan to send a crew to Paris. This left the Washington Canoe Club as the sole standard bearer of Uncle Sam in the canoeing events. But the results of the Albany regatta stamped the Wash­ ington Canoe Club crew as the best in the United States and gave the assur­ ances that Uncle Sam’s interest in that sport would be taken care of by a well trained crew. Our crew composed of Harry T. Knight, Jr., Karl M. Knight, Charles W. Havens, and John F. Larcombe set sail on June 16, 1924, on the S. S. America for Paris. Then followed days of training on the Seine River. As the canoe­ ing events were to be run with the rowing events in July, between the 13th and 17th, they had ample time to make up for the forced “lay-off” during the trip over. Not being on the regular program our boys had to look out for themselves and were encountering quite a bit of difficulty until Mr. J. M. Daly, manager of the oarsmen, out of the bigness of his heart and the kind­ ness of his nature took them under his care. The date for the canoe events arrived and found us ready. The course was 800 meter straight away. The Washington Canoe Club, competing under the colors of the United States, won every double-blade event and scored second to the Canadians in the four single blade, the Canadians winning by a very small margin. The events are summarized as follows: One Man, Single Blade, won by Roy C. Nurse of Canada, second and third, CanadA . C . W. Havens of the United States cracked his blade at the start in this race. One Man, Double Blade, won by C .W . Havens of the United States; second, Roy C. Nurse of Canada; third, H. T. Knight, Jr., of the United States. Tandem, Single Blade, first and second by Canada; third, H .T . Knight, Jr., and K. M. Knight of the United States. Tandem, Double Blade, won by H. T. Knight, Jr., and K.M. Knight of the United States; second and third, Canada. Fours, Single Blade, won by Canada; second, J . F . Larcombe, K .M . Knight, C.W. Havens and H.T. Knight, Jr., of the United States; third, Canada. Fours, Double Blade, won by J .F . Larcombe, United States; second and third, Canada. The four men from the Washington Canoe Club won three of the six events in which they competed and earned the title of World’s Champions in those events. The men returned home in time to get into training again for the championship regatta of the Middle States Canoe Racing Association on August 23rd. In this regatta the boys who had led the way in the fours, double blade event in the Olympics strengthened their right to the world title by defeating the best double blade combinations that the clubs of this Associa­ tion could get together. In H.T. Knight, Jr., K.M. Knight, C. W. Havens and J.F . Larcombe, Washington Canoe Club, upheld Uncle Sam’s established prestige in the world of sports and showed the International Olympic Committee that if the canoe racing is placed on the regular program of events that the United States will be able to place a crew on the water that will add to his glory. Respectfully submitted, JAMES M. DALY.

REPORT OF ROWING COACH FRANK J. MULLER The Olympiad trials were held in Philadelphia on the Schuylkill River, June 13th and 14th, for the rowing events in which the winning crews were to represent America in the Eighth Olympiad, Paris, France, in which there were five events—single shell, double shell, eight oar shell, four oar shell with coxswain, pair oar shell with coxswain. The single race was won by W. E. S. Gilmore of the Bachelor Barge Club, Philadelphia, with Paul V. Costello of Penn A .C ., second with four lengths back, which was more than any of the four races wThich were only won by a few feet. Time 6.53. The double race was won by Penn A. C., Philadelphia, with Paul V. Cos­ tello, bow; John B. Kelly, stroke, from Bachelor Barge Club, Philadelphia, second, with Wm. R. Hapgood, bow; W. E. G. Gilmore, stroke, by five feet. This was the hardest race that Costello and Kelly ever had since they were rowing together in four years. Time 6.33. The four oar shell race, with coxswain, was won by Bachelor Barge Club, Philadelphia—bow, Henry Welsford; 2, Edward P. Mitchell; 3, Robert Gerhardt; stroke, Sydney Jelinek; coxswain, John Kennedy. This race had three crews from Philadelphia ond one from New York which was Lone Star Club of New York, which was second by ten feet. Time 6.49 4-5. The pair oar shell race with coxswain was won by Pennsylvania Barge Club, Philadelphia. Time 7.59. Bow, Leon Butler; stroke, Harold Wilson, coxswain, Edward Jenning. In this race there were three Philadelphia crews and it was a fight from start to finish, and it was one of the best races ever seen between the first crew and the third crew. They were only three feet apart, which Pennsylvania Barge Club, Philadelphia, won by two feet, with the University of Pennsylvania second. The eight oar shell race, which had four starters and which was also hard fought from start to finish, was won by Yale University, New Haven, Conn., by ten feet from the U .S . Naval Officers’ Crew. The coaching of the Yale crew was taken care of by Edward Leader. Time 5.51. The rowing squad contained thirteen rowing men and two subs, which left Philadelphia for France to represent America for world championship honors in the Eighth Olympiad, Paris, France. The events in which they rowed for America were: Single shell, W. E. G. Gilmore, Bachelor Barge Club; double shell, Paul V. Costello bow, John B. Kelly stroke, Penn. A.C.; four oar shell with coxswain, Henry Welsford bow, Edward P. Mitchell 2, Robert Gerhardt 3, Sydney Jelinek stroke, John Ken­ nedy coxswain, Bachelor Barge Club; pair oar shell with coxswain, Leon Butler bow, Harold Wilson stroke, Edward Jenning coxswain, Pennsylvania Barge Club; substitutes, Wm. R. Hapgood, Chas. Stokes, Bachelor Barge Club. While enroute to France on the S.S. "America,'” which was a very pleasant trip and all the men were in fine shape, as they worked out in the morning and afternoon for fifteen minutes on machines, which kept them in the best of shape. The courtesy shown by Captain Rind of the S.S. "America” and his officers was of the best. There was nothing too much for them todo for us and it surely was a pleasure. We did all our training on the Seine River at Argenteuil, morning and afternoon, which was about a half hour ride from our chateau and training quarters, in a motor bus which the Olympic Committee provided for us. The French rowing officials ran all the races in the best of style with no fuss and every one was pleased with the way in which they handled the affair. When we landed in France we were told that there were seven races on the program, and we only had five, so the foreign countries had a 2 0 -poin,t lead in their favor which the American crews had to overcome, and did overcome by winning the rowing event for America with 33 points, with Switzerland second with 32 points, Great Britain, 25 points; France, 15 points; Holland and Canada each with 10 points and Italy with 9 points. The seven events which were held in France, in which America only had five, were: Pair oar shell without coxswain, four oar shell without coxswain, pair oar shell with coxswain, four oar shell with coxswain, single shell, double shell, eight oar shell. The winner of pair oar shell without coxswain was Holland, in 8.19 2-5; France second, 8 .2 1 3-5. America had no entry in this event. Four oar shell with coxswain was won by Switzerland, 7.18 2-5; France, 7.21 2-5; America. In this race America came in third, one length behind the winner. The boys put up a game fight but the other two crews were a little too strong for them, so the best crew won. The single shell race was won by Jack Beresford, Great Britain, 7.49 1-5, after being beaten by W. E. G. Gilmore in the trial heat on the second day of the rowing event, which put Gilmore in the finals. Then Beresford had to row in the elimination race which was for all singles which came in second which he won and qualified for the finals. The results were as follows: Jack Beresford, Great Britain, 7.49 1-5; W. E. S. Gilmore, America, 7.53. Four oar shell without coxswain was won by Great Britain, 7.08 3-5; Canada, Switzerland, France. Pair oar shell with coxswain was won by Switzerland, 8.39; Italy, 8.39 1-5; America, France. This kind of rowing was the first of its kind in America, but we will be ready by the time of the next Olympiad which will be held in Holland in 1928. The double shell race had four starters and was won by the 1920 Olympiad world’s champions from Belgium who have never been beaten in foilr years. America—Paul W. Costello, bow; John B. Kelly, stroke; 7.45. France, Switzer­ land, Brazil. This race was won by five lengths of open water. The eight oar shell was won by Yale University, which has had a clean record for the past two years, beating all college crews in the East, which is a record in itself. This race had four starters in which America won in 6.33. Canada, Italy, Great Britain. This race was won by four lengths. America took the lead at the start and were never headed off. The 1924 Olympiad was 50 per cent better than that of Belgium in 1920, when the men had to sleep in a road house which had nothing but a lot of broken windows in it, and when it rained it would come through the roof and windows, and was no place for men in training. This we did not have to contend with while in France. Yours very truly, FRANK J. MULLER,

REPORT OF MANAGER YALE CREW, JOHN M. GOETCHIUS The Yale Olympic Crew party consisted of twelve oarsmen, two cox­ swains, coach, trainer, rigger, two under-graduate managers and a graduate manager, a total of twenty. The actual out-of-pocket expenses of the management amounted to $16,- 837.88. Six of the party paid the cost of their return passage out of their own pockets, while nine others were allowed $1,570 to get home on. The American Olympic Committee provided the clothes free of charge. The American Olympic Committee paid me 99,000 francs on account of our expenses, which was equivalent to $5,445.00. Under the circumstances as outlined I should round number the actual cost of the expedition at $1 , 0 0 0 per man, or a total of $2 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 , and I am quite sure that figure is not far from the mark. Under the circumstances we were obliged to operate, I do not believe it could have been done more eco­ nomically. Yours very sincerely, JOHN M. GOETCHIUS. REPORT OF MANAGER OF OLYMPIC FENCING TEAM LEON S. SCHOONMAKER Members of the American Olympic Fencing Team 1924 Arthur S. Lyon, captain; Henry Breckinridge, George H. Breed, George C. Calnan, Chauncey McPherson, J. Brooks B. Parker, Lt. E. Fullinweider, Allen Millner, William H. Russell, Harold Van Buskirk, J. Ernest Gignoux, Lt. L.V . Castner, Lt. P .T . Jeter, Albert Strauss, Burke Boyce, Leon Shore, Donald Waldhaus, A .P . Walker, Jr., Lt. P .W . Allison, Harold Bloomer, Leon M. Schoonmaker, manager. The composition of the teams fighting in each weapon was as follows: Foil—George H. Breed, George C. Calnan, Henry Breckinridge, Lt. P .T . Jeter, Burke Boyce, Lt. P. W. Allison, A. P. Walker, Jr., Harold Bloomer. Epee—Arthur S. Lyon, Henry Breckinridge, George C. Calnan, George H. Breed, Allen Millner, William H. Russell, Donald Waldhaus, Leon Shore. Sabre—Arthur S. Lyon, Chauncey McPherson, J. Brooks B. Parker, Lt. L.V . Castner, J. Ernest Gignoux, Lt. E. Fullinweider, Albert Strauss, Harold Van Buskirk. Eight men named on each team, any four to fight in a match. The results of team competition in the different weapons was as follows: In foil the United States advanced in the first round, defeating Holland by 1 0 bouts to 6 . In the second round we were drawn with France and Sweden, and were eliminated, France beating us by 13 bouts to 3 and Sweden beating us by 9 bouts to 7 after an extremely hard fought match. In Epee the United States advanced in the first round, defeating Sweden 8 bouts to 7 with 1 double touch. In the second round we were drawn with Belgium and Switzerland, and advanced to the semi-final round by defeating Switzerland, although the match was tied in bouts, 7 to 7, with 2 double touches, by scoring 23 touches and having only 2 0 touches scored against us. In the semi-final round we were drawn with France and Portugal, and were eliminated by an unfortunate occurrence in our match with Portugal. France defeated us by 9 bouts to 6 , but in our match with Portugal, when we had won 7 bouts and lost 6 with one double touch, with two bouts to go, with our best men to fence, the scorer made a mistake in calling the proper member of our team to fence and, in consequence, he fenced the wrong man. The scorer claimed he did not call the wrong man but a number of us heard him and there is no doubt but what it was an error of the scorer. However, after much discussion the judges decided to make us fight the whole match over and we were defeated by 10 bouts to 6 . But for that unfortunate mistake I am sure we would have beaten Portugal and qualified for the final round. In sabre the United States advanced in the first round by defeating Poland 12 bouts to 4 and defeating Uruguay 9 bouts to 7. On the second round we were drawn with Hungary, Italy and Belgium and were eliminated, Italy defeating us by 12 bouts to 4 and Hungary defeating us by 14 bouts to 2. The men who fought in the individual competition were as follows: Foil—Calnan, Breed, Jeter, Bloomer. Epee—Lyon, Milner, Breed, Calnan. Sabre—Lyon, Castner, McPherson, Gignoux. In foil Calnan came through to the semi-final round. In the Epee Millner came through to the semi-final round. In the sabre Castner came through the first round. There were also two women members of the American Fencing Team, who competed in the women’s individual championship—.Mrs. Irma Hopper and Miss Adeline Gehrig. This was the first time any of our women had competed in international matches and neither Mrs. Hopper nor Miss Gehrig was quite able to come through the first round against their more experienced opponents. The opposition in fencing this year among the men was much stronger than in 1920, there being eighteen countries represented and the skill and experience of the members of the various teams being extremely high. When we consider that we are competing in what is almost the national sport in such countries as France, Italy, Hungary, etc., I believe that our showing was very creditable. In every weapon we beat teams that were composed of much more experienced fencers and with continued international experience such as the Olympic games afford, I am sure that we will improve our standing in the competitions to come. Respectfully submitted, LEON M. SCHOONMAKER,

REPORT OF FENCING COACH F. H. DARRIEULAT As a suggestion for the possible betterment of future Olympic teams, it would seem to me that efforts should be made to keep men taking part in contests from feminine companionship during training and during the actual contests. By this I mean that it is my belief that the presence of wives, mothers, or other feminine relatives has a decidedly adverse effect upon a man passing through a severe physical test. For incorporation in the report about to be published, I would like to see the following anecdote mentioned. The fencing team was at Rocquen­ court. One evening trouble was experienced with the electric light system, and a short circuit caused the outbreak of fire. This fire was very near a large tank used for the storage of gasoline. The danger was great, and a near panic ensued, men, women and children running pell-mell away from the area of possible danger. Mr. Leon Shore, of the American team, rushed to a nearby automobile, took from it a fire extinguisher, and with singular coolness of head, rapidly put out the fire. This act of great daring and intrepidity saved a considerable amount of property, and the possibility of the loss of several lives. I trust that the above will be of service to you. Yours very truly, F. H. DARRIEULAT.

REPORT OF FENCING COACH F. M. COSTELLO Our fencers engaged in all Olympic fencing matches, both team and indi­ vidual. In the latter in every instance we entered our full quota. The results attained in my opinion were only moderately satisfactory. There was practically no practice on board ship going over. Although this condition was called to the captain’s attention no steps were taken to correct it.

A There was no systematic practice in Paris during the matches. Although the captain’s attention was called to lack of regular practice, no corrective steps were taken. In future Olympiads I suggest that the coaches be permitted to prescribe schedules for regular and sufficient practice, and that the captain should be required to see that this schedule is complied with by the members of the team. I believe our showing would have been better in the last games if there had been more regular practice going over and during the matches. As a coach I had nothing to say either as to the selections for the respec­ tive teams or as to the entries in the individual matches. I believe it would be advantageous for a coach to at least have a vote on the committee that makes such selections and entries. The conduct of the individual members was good and they all displayed a high quality of sportsmanship. Respectfully submitted, F. M. COSTELLO.

REPORT OF MANAGER TRAPSHOOTING TEAM, W. H. FAWCETT There were seven members appointed to the team as competitors, as follows: Fred R. Etchen, Coffeyville, Kansas; Wilford H. Fawcett, Robbinsdale, Minnesota; Frank H. Hughes, Molbridge, South Dakota; John H. Noel, Nash­ ville, Tennessee; Clarence B. Platt, Bridgeton, New Jersey; Samuel H. Shar- man, Salt Lake City, Utah; Wm. S. Silkworth, New York City. The following were selected to compete in the team shoot with the scores of the four high men only counting: Etchen, Hughes, Noel, Platt, Sharman and Silkworth. In the team contests twelve nations were entered, as follows: Czecho­ slovakia, France, Hungary, Austria, Canada, Italy, England, Sweden, America, Finland, Belgium, Norway. Out of a possible 400 clay targets shot at, the American team won first honors with a score of 363; Canada and Finland tied for second and third places with a score of 360 each. Canada won in the shoot-off, thus taking second position, with Finland third. Belgium and Sweden tied for fourth and fifth places, with a score of 354 birds. Belgium won the shoot-off, thus taking fourth place, with Sweden fifth. Other nations followed in this order: Austria sixth, with 344; Norway seventh, with 340; England eighth, with 329; Italy ninth, with 324; Hungary tenth, with 320; France eleventh with 318, and Czecho-Slovakia twelfth, with 310. In the individual championship each country was entitled to four shooters. The American team was represented by the following: Etchen, Hughes, Fawcett and Sharman. The world’s individual trapshooting championship was won by Dr. F. de Halasy of Buda Pesth, Hungary, who tied with Mr. C. Huber, of Helsing­ fors, Finland, for first and second places, each having a score of 98 out of 100 targets shot at. In the shoot-off at eight birds, Dr. Halasy made a clean break. Mr. Huber missed the first bird he shot at, so landed in second place. Frank Hughes of the American team was tied with Montgomery of the Canadian team for third and fourth places with a score of 97 each. Hughes won the shoot-off, which gave the American team third place in the individual race. D’Heir, of the Belgium team, landed in fifth place with a score of 96. Sharman of the American team, and Vance of Canada and Beatty of Canada tied with D’Heir of Belgium, but each dropped one bird in the shoot-off, whereas the Belgium shooter went straight. I am not posted as to the number of points scored by the American team in the final summary. In fact, I have heard it said that scores in sports along the line of trapshooting did not count anything insofar as the Olympic scoring went. Should there be anything more that I may be of assistance to you in, please call on me. I suppose you are rather glad, Mr. Rubien, that it is nearly all over but the shouting. Colonel Thompson, Mr. Kirby and yourself, I am sure, are entitled to meeds of praise in the wonderful manner in which you put over more honor and glory for American athletics. Scores of American shooters in the team race: Hughes, 92; Sharman, 92; Silkworth, 90; Etchen, 89. Total, 363. Noel, 87; Platt, 74—two low men whose scores did not count. Scores in individual matches: Hughes, 97; Sharman, 96; Fawcett, 91; Etchen, 89. Respectfully, W. H. FAWCETT.

REPORT OF MANAGER OLYMPIC PISTOL TEAM, DR. REGINALD H. SAYRE The competitors for the 1924 Revolver Team were requested to assemble at the Naval Pistol Range, at Quantico, Virginia, on May 22nd and 23rd, for the final try-out. Nineteen candidates assembled for the try-out as follows: W .B . Russel, Springfield, Mass.; E .A . Fox, Springfield, Mass.; A .A . Lane, New York City; K .T . Frederick, New York City; Lieut. Col. J .S . Martin, Governors Island; Major W. D. Frazer, Fort Monroe, Va.; Captain G .W . Nichol, Captain R .I . Henderson, Canal Zone; Captain C .W . Nays, Honolulu; Captain Deen Hudnet, West Point, N .Y .; Lieut. H .P . Gault, Fort Sill, Okla.; Lieut. W. J. Whaling, U .S .M .C .; Lieut. E. Andino, Inf., Porto Rico, Guy. Sgt. H. M. Bailey, U . S . M. C.; Guy. Sgt. G. G. Betke, U. S. M. C.; Sgt. H. J. Nedik, Sgt. B. White, J. L. McKennon, G. W. Cunningham. The range was in charge of Captain D .L .S . Brewster and Captain Joyce, who had arranged a number of silhouette targets to revolve in unison for the rapid fire. Thursday was devoted to rapid fire practice for the most part, those not shooting rapid fire having an opportunity to practice slow fire at fifty meters on another part of the range. The contestants ran through the six silhouettes at 25 meters first of all in 8 seconds, then in 6 seconds, then in 4 seconds, and in the afternoon repeated the practice, omitting the 8 second stage, and shooting in 6 , 5 and 4 seconds, respectively. On Friday morning the try-outs took place, all contestants shooting three strings in 8 seconds each. Those who tied, then shot their strings in 6 seconds each, then those who tied in 5 seconds; those who still tied, at 4 seconds, and those who were yet tied, three strings at 3 seconds each. Whaling, Betke, Bailey, Martin and Frazer, all shot at five seconds, when Whaling and Betke tied with 18 hits out of 18 shots, each, then lost a point at 4 seconds, and in shooting at 3 seconds, Lieut. Whaling got 16 out of 18 shots, and got first place. Guy. Sgt. Betke made 12 out of 18 shots, and made second place. Maj. Frazer and Guy. Sgt. Bailey, who dropped one each at 5 seconds, were third and fourth. This is an individual match, limited to four entries and, according to Olympic rules, no substitutes were allowed. In the afternoon the same contestants competed in the 50 meter slow fire match on the International target, with the following results: Karl T. Frederick, 499; W .J. Whaling, 496; A.A. Lane, 494; H.M. Bailey, 482; E .A . Fox, 480; W .D . Frazer, 477; E. Andino, 465; W .B . Rus­ sell, 457. W .O .H . Billingsley arrived from France Field, C.Z., on Friday evening, not having received the word that was cabled to Panama and Porto Rico, that the date for the try-out had been advanced on account of the sailing of the “President Harding” being changed from May 31st to May 28th. Being unwilling that he should be deprived of a chance to make the team through no fault of his own, a special try-out was arranged at the Camp Fire Club, near Briar Cliff, N .Y ., on May 25th, with Lane and Frederick to shoot with him. He failed to equal the scores of any of the four men selected for the Olympic team, but made 470 at 50 meters, and was placed as a substitute on the International team, Frederick having found that business conditions prevented him from making the trip. Dr. I. R. Calkins, of Springfield, Mass., who won the world’s champion­ ship at 50 meters last year, with 523, was excused from the Quantico try­ outs and taken on his previous record. The team sailed on the “President Harding,” from Hoboken, N .J . , on Wednesday, May 28th, in charge of Dr. R. H. Sayre, team captain; Lieut. E. Andino, acting as adjutant. The sea voyage was uneventful, and the team managed to get quite a little practice at the silhouettes, which were fastened to the bulwarks on the forward deck. We reached France on June 7th, and proceeded the next day to Rheims, where the shooting matches of the International Shooting Union were to be held, as some of the Olympic Team were also members of the International Team. The shooting stand at Rheims was an enormous concrete structure, very elaborately decorated, and hardly completed when we arrived. The team stayed at the Hotel Lion d’Or, a very handsome building, which has been built to take the place of the old Lion d’Or, which was destroyed in the bom­ bardment. This hotel, like the shooting range, was only partly finished, carpets not being down, and the dining-room not being completed until we were about to leave, so that we had our meals in the adjoining restaurant. The team practiced diligently every day at the range and were shooting in very good form, but the shooting all along the line was of a very much higher order than ever before, and in the match, Schnyder, of Switzerland, made 531; Van Asbrock, of Belgium, 527; Lehrmann, of Denmark, 527; Hanny, of Switzerland, 526; Petit, of France, 525; Martins, of Portugal, 524; Aranz, of Argentina, 523; de Castelbajac, of France, 517; Lane, of United States, 516; so a score which would have given Lane the championship of the world the year before last, at Milan, only landed him in ninth place. The match was won by Switzerland, with the highest score ever made, beating the Belgian record, which had stood since 1912, by two points; France, second; Denmark, third, and our team fourth. The team scores were as follows: 1st, Switzerland, 2572; 2nd, France, 2561; third, Denmark, 2540; 4th, U .S .A ., 2503; 5th, Spain, 2424; 6 th, Belgium, 2421; 7th, Argentina, 2420; 8 th, Italy, 2418; 9th, Portugal, 2412; 10th, Finland, 2327; 11th, Czecho-Slovakia, 2302; 12th, Holland, 2109; 13th, Poland, 1976. At the close of this match, the Olympic Team proper, consisting of Frazer, Whaling, Bailey, Betke, with Sayre and Andino as captain and adjutant, went to Versailles, where they practiced for five days on silhouetted targets set up in the grounds of Prince Murat, which had been hired by the Olympic Committee for the use of the athletes. This practice was inval­ uable and all of the men were shooting very well when they returned to Rheims to take part in the Olympic silhouette match. This match was held at the Camp at Chalons, which is situated in a barren area forty-odd miles square, where Attila, the Hun, is said to have had an intrenched camp 500 years ago. At any rate, there is a large oval 1000 meters long by 500 meters across, surrounded by fortifications which are said to have been built by him before his invading army was thrown back by Charles Martell. Nineteen different nations took part in this contest, there being three sets of targets with six silhouettes on a frame, the order of using being determined by drawing lots. Ten seconds were allowed for shooting six shots, one at each of the silhouettes which then disappeared from sight. Three strings were allowed each competitor, making a possible of eighteen. Of the 6 6 different com­ petitors, only 8 succeeded in making 18, Sgt. Bailey, of our team, being one of the 8 . Major Frazer, Lieut. Whaling and Sgt. Betke each made 17 points, so that if it had been a team match we would have outclassed any of the other competing nations, who fell much below this score. The 8 contestants who had tied then shot over again, 8 seconds being allowed for a string, and this process of elimination was continued until the 4th relay, when only Carlberg, of Sweden, and Bailey, of our team, were left. Bailey had a jam on his first shot, the cartridge sticking in the breech instead of being thrown clear. He pulled it out with his fingers, closed the breech, and managed to get five hits with his five remaining shots in what was left of the eight seconds, thus winning the Olympic championship, as Carlberg had trouble with his piece and missed two silhouettes altogether. Bailey’s win was very popular as the men who had closed around the firing point had seen the jam, and all admired his coolness in extricating himself free from an awk­ ward predicament. The other remaining members of the team secured diplomas as having been in 9th place. Respectfully submitted, DR. REGINALD H. SYRE.

REPORT OF MANAGER OF RIFLE TEAM, MAJOR L. W. T. WALLER The rifle team was organized under its governing body, the National Rifle Association, by authority previously given by the American Olympic Committee. The National Rifle Association undertook and carried out suc­ cessfully the financing of the team, not calling on the committee for any financial aid. Preliminary try-outs were held in each corps area of the United States, successful candidates being sent to the Marine Corps Rifle Range at Quan- tico, Virginia, for a final try-out. Thirty-one men reported for this final try-out and twelve were selected to form the team. The team went into training about fifteen days before sailing for France. Many thanks are due the U .S. Marine Corps for furnishing and handling their range for this shooting. Everything in their power was done to make the shooters comfortable and to give the range service required. This was done without expense. The rifle team had, in addition to the Olympic matches, the annual international match to fire. This was fired at Rheims, where the Olympic small bore matches were held. For this reason the squad was larger than would have been necessary for firing the Olympic matches alone. As no definite division can be made between the Olympic team and the international team, the names of all are given. These men were selected with a mind to their availability to fire in both matches. American International and Olympic Rifle Team: Team captain, Major L .W .T . Waller, Jr., U .S .M .C .; coach, Colonel C .E . Stodter, U .S .A .; adjutant, Captain D .L.S. Brewster, U.S.M .C.; spotter, Major J.J. Dooley, U .S . M. C. Team members: Commander C. T. Osburn, U . S . N.; Major J. E. Boles, U .S .A ; Lieut. Sidney R. Hinds, U .S .A . ; Sergeant Morris Fisher, U .S.M .C .; Sergeant Raymond O. Coulter, U .S.M .C .; Sergeant Dennis Fenton, U .S .A .; Mr. Walter Stokes, Washington, D .C .; Mr. Ralph Stokes, Washington, D.C.; Mr. J. W. Crookett, Falls Church, Va.; Mr. Marcus Dinwiddie, Washington, D .C .; Mr. J .B . Grier, Wilmington, Del; Mr. Paul Landrock, Union Hill, N .J . Of this team Sergeant Fisher was the 1920 Olympic champion and the 1923 international champion. By remarkable shooting, Sergeant Fisher main­ tained both these championships. Mr. Dinwiddie, a seventeen-year-old Wash­ ington school boy, won second place in the Olympic small bore event, break­ ing the world’s record only to have it broken again in the same match by Mr. de Lisle of France, the winner. The equipment of the team in rifles was the Army Springfield with special barrels, developed with special features fitting this rifle for match use. In the development of this rifle all branches of the service took part as well as arms manufacturers showing a spirit of cooperation in no small way respon­ sible for the success of the team. The following tabulated form shows the events shot in by the team with the results, names of the shooting members and points gained. It should be noted that all shooting was divided into two classes—Tir a la Cible, or target shooting, made up of the small bore individual, Olympic individual and Olympic team matches, and Tir de Chasse, or hunting shooting which was composed of the four running deer events and the clay pigeon shooting, two events. The clay pigeon shooting was done by the trapshooting team, although their points and the rifle team’s points were added to make the total for the Tir de Chasse class of shooting. Olympic Small Bore Individual Name Score Place Points De Lisle, France ...... 398 1 Dinwiddie, United States . 396 2 5 Hartman, Switzerland . . . 394 3 Theslof, Finland . 393 4 Olympic Individual Match Score Place Points Fisher, United States .. . . 95 1 10 Osburn, United States .. . 95 2 5 Larsen, Denmark ...... 93 3 Stokes, W., United States . 92 4 3 Olympic Team Match Score Place Points United States . 676 1 10 France ...... 646 2 ...... 646 3 Switzerland . 633 4 In connection with the shooting it should be noted that the American Team won the International Matches by a 100 point margin over Switzerland. The following nations were entered in the shooting: Name 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 Australia ...... * * Belgium ...... * * * * * * * Brazil ...... * Denmark ...... * * * * * * * ...... * * Finland ...... * * * * * * * France ...... * * * * * * * Great Britain ...... * * * * * * Greece ...... * * * Haiti ...... * * Holland ...... * * * Hungary ...... * * * * * * * Italy ...... * * * Mexico ...... * * ...... * Norway ...... * * * * * * * Poland ...... * * * * * Portugal ...... * * * Republic of Argentine * * * Roumania ...... * * * * * * * Spain ...... * * * * * * * South Africa ...... * * * Sweden ...... * * * * * * Switzerland ...... * * * Czecho-Slovakia .... * * * * * * * United States ...... * * * * * * * 1—Olympic Individual. 2—Olympic Small Bore. 3—Olympic Team. 4—Running Deer Single Shot Individual. 5—Running Deer Double Shot Individual. 6—Running Deer Single Shot Team. 7—Running Deer Double Shot Team. Running Deer Single Shot Individual Name Score Place Points Boles, United States ...... 40 1 10 Mackworth-Pread, England 39 2 Olsen, Norway ...... i., 39 3 Hultberg, Sweden 39 4 RunningDeer Single Shot Team Name Score Place Point1- Norway ...... : ...... 160 1 Sweden ...... 154 2 United States...... 148 3 4 England 136 4 Running Deer Double Shot Individual Name Score Place Points Olsen, Norway 76 1 Mackworth-Pread, England 72 . 2 Swahan, Sweden 72 3 Landelius, Sweden 70 4 Running Deer Double Shot Team Name Score Place Points England 263 1 Norway ...... 262 2 Sweden 251 3 Finland 239 4 United States ...... 233 5 2 I believe the Trapshooting Team won the Team Event and got second in the Individual, making fifteen points which added to the sixteen points gained in the Running Deer gave the United States thirty-one points for this type of shooting and placed first. The Rifle Team travelled to and from France on the U .S . Lines Ship President Harding sailing from New York on May 28th, returning on July 8 th. The Small Bore event was shot at Rheims, the individual and team matches at the Camp of Chalons. The Running Deer events were fired at the range at Versailles. The manner of handling the matches by France was uniformly good and deserving of credit. The Rifle Team was everywhere treated with great kind­ ness and courtesy. Respectfully submitted, MAJOR L. W. G. WALLER,

REPORT OF MANAGER OF OLYMPIC TENNIS TEAM JULIAN S. MYRICK The United States Lawn Tennis Association under the direction of the American Olympic Committee organized the American Olympic Tennis Team which was composed of the following: LADIES Mrs. George W. Wightman, Captain Miss Helen Wills Miss Eleanor Goss Mrs. Marion Z. Jessup Substitutes: Miss Lillian Scharman Miss Edith Sigourney MEN Mr. R. Norris Williams, 2nd, Captain Mr. Vincent Richards Mr. Watson Washburn Mr. Francis T. Hunter Mr. Julian S. Myrick, Chairman of the Committee, went with the team and acted as Team Manager. He was assisted by Dr. Sumner Hardy, President of the California Lawn Tennis Association. Under arrangement with the American Olympic Committee, the United States Lawn Tennis Association agreed to finance its own team and to obtain subscriptions from tennis clubs and players. The subscriptions amounted to about $4,500 and the cost for sending the team was about $12,000. There was a deficit of about $8,000. A list of the subscribers is appended hereto. The points scored by the various nations were as follows: 1. United States - - 55 points 4. Italy ...... 4 points 2 . France - - - - 28 “ 5. Holland - - - - 4 “ 3. Great Britain 7 16 “ 6 . South Africa - - 3 “ •There were five events—Men’s Singles and Doubles; Ladies’ Singles and Doubles and Mixed Doubles. Men’s Singles Vincent Richards (U. S.) d. (F.), 6-4, 6-4, 5-7, 4-6, 6-2. Men’s Doubles Vincent Richards-Francis T. Hunter (U.S.) d. -Henri Cochet (F), 4-6, 6-2, 6-3, 2-6, 6-3. Ladies’ Singles Miss Helen Wills (U .S.) d. Mile. Vlasto (F), 6-2, 6-2. Ladies’ Doubles Mrs. George W. Wightman—Miss Helen Wills (U. S.) d. Miss K. McKane— Miss Covell (Gt. Britain), 7-5, 8 -6 . Mixed Doubles Mrs. George W. Wightman—Mr. R. Norris Williams, 2nd (U .S.) d. Vin­ cent Richards—Mrs. Marion Z. Jessup (U .S .), 6-2, 6-3. The American team assembled in London and played in the All-England Championship where they obtained much good experience and improved their playing condition. They proceeded to Paris on July 6 th and 7th and at once started practice on the grounds at Colombe. The team improved every day in practice and were in splendid condition when the matches started on July 13th. R. Norris Williams, 2nd, Captain, was unfortunate in meeting with a severe accident, spraining his ankle so that playing in his best form was im­ possible. This practically eliminated his chances of scoring in either the Men’s Singles or Doubles; but Vincent Richards carried on the play in a very masterly fashion and was able to win the Men’s Singles, and together with Francis T. Hunter, the Men’s Doubles. Miss Helen Wills played magnificent tennis throughout the tournament and won the Ladies’ Singles after a harder match than the score indicates against Mile. Vlasto. Together with Mrs. Wightman they won the Ladies’ Doubles in two very close and hard fought sets, after being behind in each set two games to five in favor of their op­ ponents. It was a masterly, up-hill winning fight. The two American Mixed Doubles teams came through and played each other in the finals. It gave our players great pleasure to meet the players of other nations and to fraternize with them. We feel that much good was accomplished by the participation of our team in the Olympic Games. As the results showed, the team worked hard, trained perfectly and there was not a misunderstand­ ing during the whole trip, all of which helped to accomplish the magnificent record. I wish to take this opportunity on behalf of the team to thank all of the officials, both foreign and of the American Olympic Committee, for their uni­ form courtesy and kindness. Respectfully submitted, JULIAN S. MYRICK.

UNITED STATES LAWN TENNIS ASSOCIATION OLYMPIC-INTERNATIONAL MATCH STATEMENTS OF CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS From February 1, 1924, to October 25, 1924 1924 RECEIPTS Feb. 29 to Oct. 25. Receipts from Clubs (voluntary contributions) $4,772.25 Oct. 25. Income—Women’s International Match ...... 740.78 TOTAL RECEIPTS ...... $5,513.03 DISBURSEMENTS 1924 Oct. 25. Traveling Expenses ...... $12,501.36 “ American Express Co.—Expressage...... 13.24 “ Stationery and Printing...... 47.25 “ Practice—Tennis Balls ...... 27.25 “ Black, Starr & Frost— Expressage, Postage, Engraving and Leather-covered Book—Women’s Team Matches ...... 86.99

TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS ...... $12,676.09 Oct. 25. EXCESS OF DISBURSEMENTS OVER RE­ CEIPTS ...... 7,163.09

$12,676.09 $12,676.09

REPORT OF EQUESTRIAN TEAM MANAGER MAJOR J. A. BARRY After nearly a year’s preparation, which included competition in eight of the leading horse shows of the United States and Canada, besides count­ less hours of schooling at Fort Myer, Virginia, and after considering all suit­ able horses available, the Olympic Equestrian Team, enlisted attendants, and available horses departed for England and France on May 31, 1924. The team consisted of: Major J.A . Barry, Cavalry, Team Captain. Major Sloan Doak, Cavalry. Major C. P. George, 16th Field Artillery. Major E. W. Taulbee, Cavalry. Captain V. L. Padgett, Cavalry. Captain W. T. Bauskett, Cavalry. Captain J. R. Underwood, Veterinarian. 1st Lieutenant F. L. Carr, Cavalry. 1st Lieutenant P. M. Robinett, Cavalry. 1st Lieutenant F. H. Bontecou, Cavalry O. R. C. The horses taken over for the competitions included: Bally MacShane owned by Lieut. F. H. Bontecou, Little Canada owned byLieut. F. H. Bon­ tecou, Blank Check owned by Mr. F. P. Garvin, Sure Fire owned by Mr. O. W. Lehman, Pathfinder owned by the Government, Miss America owned by the Government, Joffre owned by the Government, Nigra owned by the Gov­ ernment, Jacksnipe owned by the Government, Proctor owned by the Govern­ ment, Brown Boy owned by Lieut. P. M. Robinett, Tango Dance owned by Capt. V. L. Padgett, Ky owned by Major E. W. Taulbee, Roulette owned by Capt. J. R. Underwood. After arriving at Rocquencourt, France, the team had about one month in which to recondition the horses. In the final training for the Equestrian Championship three of the horses, Blank Check, Tango Dance and Roulette, counted upon as likely starters, went lame and had to be eliminated. The competitors in the Equestrian Championship were: Major J. A. Barry on Miss America (Halfbred), Major Sloan Doak on Pathfinder (Thoroughbred), 1st Lieut. F. L. Carr on Proctor (Breeding unknown), Captain V. L. Padgett on Brown Boy (Breeding unknown). Results In the team competition the United States failed to place. In the indi­ vidual competition Major Sloan Doak was third and 1st Lieut. F. L. Carr was seventh. The horses ridden by Major Barry and Captain V. L. Padgett were unable to finish the endurance test and were eliminated. In the Obstacle Jumping (Prix des Nations) the competitors were: Major J. A. Barry on Nigra (Breeding unknown), Major Sloan Doak on Joffre (Breeding unknown), Captain V. L. Padgett on Little Canada (Halfbred), 1st Lieut. F. H. Bontecou on Bally MacShane (Breeding unknown). Of the American entries only Major Barry and Major Doak were able to complete the difficult course. In the obstacle jumping the United States placed in neither the team event nor the individual event. Yours very truly, MAJOR J. A. BARRY.

REPORT OF MANAGER CYCLING TEAM D. J. McINTYRE Having received advance reports that the course for the 1924 Olympic bicycle road race was composed of dangerous hills, some of which were four to six miles long, with steep, hairpin turns; cobble-stones, laid in some cases, 500 hundred years ago, in places some of these for 10 miles at a stretch, and execrable surfaces, early in the Spring of 1924, a program was made up and try and get a representative bicycle road team through a series of elimina­ tions throughout the United States. The country was divided into nine sec­ tions, and during the months of April and May, eliminations were held in these various sections, a final tryout being held on June 1st over a course in Northern New Jersey, starting and finishing at Paterson, over the full Olym­ pic distance of 188 kilometers or 116.8 miles, unpaced, approximating as closely as possible the conditions to be met with in the Olympic race, at which the winners of the various eliminations competed, the winners of this final tryout being decided on a time basis, each man being timed separately. Due to lack of financial support, we were only able to take six cyclists, the per­ sonnel of the team being: Victor Hopkins, Davenport Cycle Club, Davenport, Iowa; Ignatius Gron- kowski, unattached, Buffalo, N .Y .; John Boulicault, St. Louis Cycle Club, St. Louis, Mo.; Gustav Hentschel, Edgewater Cycling Club, Chicago, 111.; James Armando, unattached, Hartford, Conn.; Rene Braet, Triangle Cycling Club, Paterson, N .J . Ernest Ohrt, an American professional cyclist, who has resided in France for a number of years and had completed in these specialized European road races with success and was familiar with their intricacies, was appointed as coach by the American Olympic Committee, and his aid was invaluable throughout the entire course of training and during the race. From the experience of the road cyclists in the 1920 Olympic games, we realized that we would have to get bicycles outfitted according to the latest European methods if we were to have any measure of success. Mr. Ohrt, after considerable effort, succeeded in inducing a French cycle manufacturer to equip the American team with cycles outfitted with the latest French equipment and also succeeded in inducing a French tire manufacturer to furnish all tires, both training and race, free of charge. Bicycles for the team were built to order on receipt of cabled measurements from America, and it was the consensus of opinion among the European critics that this was the most completely outfitted team of road cyclists ever sent from America. Without the use of this equipment our team would have stood no chance at all. The surface of the Olympic course was so bad that each rider was ruining six and eight tires every time he went out, and during the total period of training they used up 500 tires. Freinch instructors were also furnished to instruct the team in the details of this style of racing as practiced in France. On July 5, 1924, five members of the team journeyed to Ste. Quentin, about 70 miles from Paris, where they competed in a road race for the pur­ pose of instruction. This race was about 110 miles, all riders starting together In this race, Hopkins finished fifth, Boulicault sixth and Hentschel eighth, the first four to finish being riders of a French team. Valuable experience was obtained from the results of this race. While it was originally intended to locate the team upon the Olympic course upon our arrival at Rocquencourt camp we found conditions very favorable with shower baths, etc., and the team remained there until July 10th, training each day over the Olympic course nearest to the camp, which saved your committee considerable expense. On July 10th they were taken to Gournay- en-Bray, about 70 kilometers up on the Olympic course, where they trained over the entire course until July 20th, returning to Rocquencourt to rest until the day of the road race on July 23rd. The rules of the race provided that four men from each nation would be allowed to start, and the average time of the first three men to finish only would count, each contestant riding the entire distance unpaced against the watch. The American team finished all four riders in the allotted time, namely, 9 hours, Boulicault finishing in 7 hrs. 15 min. 15 3-5 sec., Gronkowski in 7 hrs. 34 min. 414-5 sec., Hentschel in 7 hrs. 52 min. 59 3-5 sec., the team finishing in 11th place out of the 25 nations engaged, with an average time of 22 hrs. 43 min. 57 sec. This result did not qualify the team for points. While we had originally hoped for better results, long distance bicycle racing on the road is so highly specialized in Europe, particularly in France, that under the circumstances the American team finished in about their proper place, as with the present condition of auto traffic in America, it is impossible to conduct long distance cycle racing on the road with safety to the com­ petitors. The National Cycling Association sent over only one track cyclist, Mr. William S. Fenn, Jr., who was entered in the milometer and 1,000 meter races. Mr. Fenn was not under my jurisdiction and I would refer you to Mr. Frank L. Kramer, chairman, Board of Control, National Cycling Association, for the results of his races and photograph. Yours very truly, D. J. McINTYRE.

REPORT OF MANAGER OF RUGBY TEAM SAM GOODMAN America’s victory in Rugby football at the VIII Olympiad represents what is probably the most surprising of all victories, secured in the face of severe handicaps and almost unsurmountable obstacles. When it is remembered that Rugby has not been played in this country for over six years and was then confined to a very limited number of teams in California, that during this period practically the only organized team was the 1920 U .S. team, who won the VII Olympiad game at Antwerp and then disbanded, this year’s victory is all the more surprising, and is another object lesson to the world of the American youth’s athletic adaptability. Lack of organization, equipment, finances, players, and the necessary facilities confronted us, when the very pressing French invitation to send a Rugby team was received in September, 1923. Those members of the 1920 team who could be located were called together in San Francisco, with the result that a general call was issued through the press for Rugby and Amer­ ican football players who desired to try out, to report for practice. The use of Ewing Field, San Francisco, was kindly donated by Archbishop Hanna, and the first practice took place late in December with some thirty-five men in uniform. These practices continued thereafter every Sunday and holiday until April 2nd, the day of departure for Paris—squads of men ranging in number from forty to eighty-five going through their paces under the tutelage of Coaches Austin, Wylie, Flanagan and Guerin. Condition came along in good shape but team play through lack of real competition was the most difficult obstacle to overcome. Selected squad games was the only actual competition obtainable, but this fell far short of develop­ ing such play as the participants were mainly concerned in demonstrating individual ability to warrant their selection. On February 22nd a public exhibition game between the Reds and Blues, two teams arbitrarily selected by the coaches, was staged. Following this game the first group of players, nine in number, who were selected to make the trip, was announced. Each Sunday thereafter a few additional names were added until the entire squad of twenty-two men had been named by March 25th. Their names appear with the team picture. Every one of the eighty-five men who tried out provided his own equip­ ment and paid all of his own transportation and other expenses to and from the field, a heavy item for some of the men who lived from 150 to 500 miles out of San Francisco. The men bore all of these hardships with a splendid spirit and of course those who were selected to make the big trip were well repaid. To those who were not so fortunate the highest praise and sincerest thanks is to be extended, for without their invaluable assistance in creating competition and forming a “second team” against which the selected team might practice, little could have been accomplished. March found us with a Rugby team in the making, but without the neces­ sary funds for transportation to Paris. The condition of the American Olympic Committee’s treasury in New York at that time precluded any assistance from that quarter and once again the City by the Golden Gate was called upon to maintain its world known slogan, “San Francisco Knows How.” Headed by that well known sportsman, William F. Humphrey, President of the Olympic Club, a number of San Francisco’s leading citizens at a luncheon at the St. Francis Hotel, subscribed the city's quota to the American Olympic Fund of $25,000 in less than 20 minutes. On April 2nd the team of twenty-two men, accompanied by the writer and Coach Austin, departed from the Oakland, California, station in a private car, on the first leg of their 6,000 mile journey to Paris. The first real step of organization was completed shortly afterward when Colby E. Slater, a veteran of the 1920 team and one of the greatest forwards in the game, was elected captain. Charles W. Doe, another veteran of the 1920 team, was elected vice-captain. The team’s first stop was in Chicago, where the Illinois Athletic Club generously turned over their gymnasium to us for a stiff workout. The next day, Niagara Falls was visited, and on the following morning, April 7th, the team arrived in New York. After a mad rush procuring equipment, interposed with open field prac­ tice, on Wednesday noon, April 9th, the team bid farewell to New York and America as they steamed down the Hudson and out into the Atlantic aboard the S.S. “America.’' Eight days of the hardest and most intensive kind of training aboard ship kept the men in wonderful physical condition. Setting-up exercises and running for an hour before breakfast every morning followed by a two hours’ drill in the late afternoon made a marked effect upon the team’s condition. To this was added a daily mental conditioning into the rules of the game. The treatment accorded us aboard the “America” was great and the food served on that ship is still the talk of the team. Recognizing that it was imperative to engage in all competition possible before the Olympic tournament proper, in order to instill that confidence in the men which is only acquired by actual playing experience; for it must not be forgotten that a number of them had never engaged in a competitive Rugby game—combined with a desire to fortify ourselves against any weak spots developing, arrangements had been made for a number of preliminary games in England and France, this expense being borne by the team itself. Plymouth, England, was reached on the morning of the 18th of April, where we were scheduled to play our first of a three-game series with English teams. Allen Valentine, Rhodes Scholar from Swarthmore and a member of the Oxford Rugby team, met us at the dock and from that day on was one of us, and a mighty popular one, too. The English hospitality was boundless and we were treated with the utmost courtesy and respect during our ten-day stay there. Our first game on English soil was played against the Devonport Ser­ vices (army and navy) team at Plymouth on Easter Monday, April 21st, before a crowd of some 6,000 spectators who jammed the field. We put out a strong team and completely outplayed our opponents in spite of what was to us, a great many new interpretations of' the rules on the part of the English referee. The final score was 25-3, the only English score coming as the result of a penalty. The most impressive thing about our victory was the magnificent sportsmanship which the English team as well as the English spectators accorded us. Immediately after that game we took the train to London, where we arrived that evening. On Wednesday, no substitutes being allowed in Rugby, we did some experimenting with the lineup against the famous Blackheath Club at Teddington Field on the outskirts of London. Bad weather and the late hour of the game (5 P.M .) cut the crowd down to a small number, but those who attended made up in spirit what they lacked in numbers. In this game we met our first setback, not, I can fairly say, at the hands of a superior team, but rather at the hands of a super-technical referee, who accounted for three of the Blackheath scores and who, at the same time, robbed us of two fair tries. However, we toured England to gain playing experience and to accustom ourselves to English referees and for those two reasons the game was a valuable one to us. The following Saturday we were scheduled to meet England’s greatest club team, the Harlequins, at Twickenham Field. It poured rain all morning and, in fact, was still showering when we lined up—another experimental team against the most powerful all-star team ever gotten together in Eng­ land, according to the English sporting writers. At the end of the terrific tussle, in which one of the English forwards suffered a broken leg, while one of our men had his nose broken in two places, the score was 2 1 -1 1 , in favor of the Harlequins. That was some Rugby team, and from them we learned a great many things which wore destined to be of great service to us later in the Olympic matches. That evening the Harlequins tendered us a delightful banquet at the Princess Restaurant. Lord Cadogan, Lord Campdon, General Kentish and other gentlemen of the British Olympic Association, were very solicitous of our welfare, arrang­ ing among other things, a personally conducted visit on Sunday through the British Empire Exposition at Wembley and in the evening we were royally banqueted by the Association at the Picadilly Hotel with Lord Decies in the chair. Our brief visit in England will always be remembered by every player on the team; never could such wonderful sportsmanship, such overwhelming hospitality and such an impressive desire on the part of our English hosts to make us feel at home be forgotten. The playing experience was of untold value, for we ourselves felt that the English critics were not throwing any bouquets in stating that with competitive practice our team would be almost unbeatable. The trip next morning from Folkstone, England, to Boulogne, France, was extremely rough and we were in no mood for the unpleasant reception we received at the hands of the officials of the country who was supposedly entertaining the world’s athletes. There was no one to meet us; our baggage was seized and for a time we were not even allowed to land on French soil, simply because the French Olympic Committee had not taken care of our visas. Tired from our journey, more or less sick from our trip across the Channel and without a place to stay, we spent six hours walking about the little French seaport town wait­ ing for some word from the authorities which would allow us to proceed to Paris. Finally it came, and by 6:30 we were on our way to Paris. We arrived at our destination some three hours later, the first U .S . contingent to the Eighth Olympiad, a lone American newspaper man comprising the huge mob which greeted us. After some difficulty we found the Hotel Exel- mans, way out on the edge of Paris, near the Saint Cloud race track, where we were scheduled to live during our stay in Paris. Without going into details about our stay in the French capital, it is only necessary to remark that we were accorded anything but hospitable treatment; in fact, many times we were treated with open hostility. The authorities, through control of all playing fields, would not allow us to engage in any of the previously arranged games with local clubs; however, the men honorably adhered to strict training rules and put in hours of hard practice daily on a miserable field near our hotel until eventually Colombes Stadium was placed at our disposal where conditions were of the best. On Sunday, May 4th, we watched the French team slaughter the fifteen representing Roumania, by a score of 61-3. The French had a wonderful team, we had to admit. The following- Sunday we defeated that same Roumanian team, 37-0, with four of our regular forwards on the sidelines, including Captain Slater. Throughout that game the 10,000 or more French spectators cheered the Roumanians and booed the Americans with great con­ sistency. That attitude seemed to us unnecessary; at any rate, it failed to improve our feeling and love for the French. Sunday, May 18th, was the most sultry, stifling day that it is possible to imagine. It seemed impossible to get a breath of air. Nevertheless, at 4:05 that afternoon, before some 40,000 spectators, we kicked off to the French and the great game which we had been preparing for for four months, and for which we had traveled some 6 , 0 0 0 miles to play, was on. The French were 20-1 favorites—for about five minutes. It was a terrific game, played under the most adverse weather conditions, for the atmosphere was thick and sticky, extremely hot and it showered several times before the game was over, making a slippery field and a wet ball. We tackled the highly touted Frenchmen so hard, whenever they got the ball, that we soon had them all buffaloed and they were only glad to get rid of the ball. We out-hooked them in the scrum, out-tackled them and out-played them in every department of the game. The first half was close as to actual score, we having gained but one try, at the same time holding the Frenchmen scoreless. However, the French team was badly beaten and pretty well worn down. In the second half, two French players quit the game “cold,” so strenuous was the play—clean, but hard and extremely aggressive. In the last fifteen minutes of play we scored at will, the French defense crumpling into insignificance. The final score was 17-3, in our favor, the Frenchmen’s only score coming as the result of an American fumble. This French team had beaten all the representative national teams of Europe and this defeat was the most bitter pill they had ever swallowed. Athletically speaking, public feeling generally was intense, which probably accounts for the jeering, booing, and hissing which the American flag and the American players received at the conclusion of the match. Apologies were later offered for this hostile, unorthodox, treatment, but so long as the twenty-five members of the 1924 Olympic Games Rugby Team live they will never forget the poor sportsmanship of the French players and French people, who witnessed the game. Following the game, a banquet was tendered the teams by the French Rugby Union at the Palais Royal, at which it was generally admitted by all the European critics and the famous Welsh referee who officiated, Mr. C. E. Freethy, that on that day’s play the U .S . team was unbeatable and that our wonderful physical condition should be an object lesson to all. Next evening at the Inter-Allies Club, a wonderful banquet and pre­ sentation of individual medals and a beautiful team trophy was given us by Ex-Senator Phelan of California, at which were present all the leading Amer­ ican residents of Paris. Sheer determination, moral and spiritual, plus unequalled physical con­ dition secured for the United States, the Rugby victory in the Eighth Olym­ piad at Paris. Respectfully submitted, SAM GOODMAN.

REPORT OF RUGBY TEAM COACH C. A. AUSTIN The movement which sent a Rugby football team to represent the United States at the Eighth Olympiad was the result of a special invitation extended by France to the California Rugby Union inviting America to send a team to the Eighth Olympiad. This invitation was considered from all angles. As Rugby was a dead issue with us, as we had ceased to play it as a popular sport in 1914, we did not know whether we could gather a team which would do credit to the United States. So, after a great deal of deliberation on the part of all concerned, and the available material had been checked, it was thought possible that such a team could be organized in the State of Cal­ ifornia. But, on the other hand, we did not know whether such a team could be financed or not, as in 1920 this team was financed by popular sub­ scription from California’s greatest boosters, such as Major Tilden, James D. Phelan, Mayor Rolph, John O’Niel and W. F. Humphrey. Facing all these difficulties, we undertook this tremendous task of send­ ing a team that would do our nation and State proud. We issued invitations to seventy-five men to come and try out for this team, of which one hundred per cent responded, and after our program had been fixed and the manner in which we were to select from these seventy-five men the best team pos­ sible to represent our country in the Eighth Olympiad we set about a strenu­ ous course of training which lasted for six months. The men were willing to give up their work, and sacrifice a great many hours of their time for the cause. The final selection came, and we found that we had ten veterans of the 1920 Olympic Team around which to build a team. But then the sad news came that three of these men found it impossible to join the team, namely, John Muldoon, Jr., Charles Tilden and C .T . Meehan, so then we started with the nucleus of the following men: Charlie Doe, William S. Muldoon, J.C . Patrick, Colby Slater, Rudolph Scholz, J.G . Hunter and John T. O’Niel. And then we added the following men: C. Menneli, E. Graff, G. Farish, D. DeGroot, John Cashell, Phil Clark, L. Rogers, George Dickson, Norman Slater, E. Turkington, P. Cunningham, L. Devereaux and Games Williams, Ed. Valentine and Norman Cleveland, Manager Sam Cleveland, Coach and Trainer C. Austin. The next question was how to put this team in the best of condition so they might meet the world’s best and put up a worthy contest. So the plan decided upon was that of strict training, and I may say that no team ever left America that observed stricter training than did the California Rugby Team. And I think that this team showed in its final performance that they were in perfect condition, which was the result of over seven months of intensive training. And to add to our condition, as we had not played a real contest of Rugby for four years, we thought it best to go by the way of England, and encounter a few practice games. This tour was arranged, hoping that the gate receipts would defray the expenses, but we found that they would not, so the men willingly paid their own expenses in England that we might play these practice games for the good of our team. Our stay in England is one long to be remembered, as we were received with open arms by the English Olympic Committee. Too much can not be said of the generosity and hospitality of General Kentish. He was at our beck and call, trying to entertain us at every turn at his own expense, and America can well be proud of the affiliations and friendship which was cemented by our short tour in England, and if more of these trips could be arranged it would make for a greater good in athletics. We arrived in France several weeks in advance of our games, but as our team needed lots of practice these weeks were utilized to the best advantage. Strict training was in force, and each man found himself on the field at least once a day, and most times twice, preparing himself for the final struggle. The Olympic Committee is to be congratulated upon the manner in which it cared for the California Rugby Team. Our hotel was all that could be expected. Our meals were good, and every little detail of our welfare was well taken care of. The team as a whole experienced a very pleasant stay in Paris, and again permit me to thank the American Olympic Committee for the splendid manner in which our wants were cared for. After our preliminary games the final contest for the Olympic Cham­ pionship arrived. Now let me once again call your attention to the fact that we were meeting the enemy at their own game. Rugby, a game which had not been played to any extent in America for ten years, was strictly an English game. The team realized that a great deal depended upon them, so they entered that contest with full determination to do their best. The day of the game the stadium was filled with a capacity crowd. Ninety-nine per cent were French, all gathered together for one purpose, and that was to see America trampled upon before their eyes. But such could not be, as we sent fifteen men in perfect condition on the field to uphold American traditions, and as the outcome of the game tells its own story, each man gave full account of himself. We met the French in fair play, and they met us likewise. We found them to be good sports, capable of receiving and giving. And the friendship which bound together the two teams will be everlasting, and the men carried away from that game some life­ long friends, friends that they will be glad to meet in any corner of this earth as was very truly demonstrated at the banquet which followedthis game, when many apologies were made for the action of the French crowd which is not to be considered as a representative type of Frenchman. We may again say that we wish to thank the French Rugby Union for the won­ derful banquet which they arranged in our honor the night after the game. ' The greatest evening of our entire stay in France was the night that we were entertained by Senator James D. Phelan and S .O . Johnson, both of California, who took it upon themselves to extend to the team the hand of congratulation, at which time they assembled together a hundred repre­ sentative Americans, who were then staying in Paris. At this banquet the team was presented with a marvelous bronze trophy by James D. Phelan, which has found its final resting place in San Francisco. We now take this opportunity of thanking Mr. James D. Phelan and Mr. S.O . Johnson for one of the greatest banquets that was ever staged abroad. In conclusion allow me to state that the treatment of the California Rugby Team can bring nothing but praise to the American Olympic Com­ mittee. From the time that we left California on the Overland Limited, our stay in the Park Avenue Hotel in New York, the voyage across the Atlantic on the U.S.S. “America,” our hotel accommodations in Paris, were all that could be expected. And our return voyage the same. For which we thank you, hoping that the Ninth Olympiad will be the same success as the Eighth Olympiad. Yours very truly, C. A. AUSTIN.

REPORT OF MANAGER OF SOCCER TEAM GEO. M. COLLINS In offering my report on the participation of your team’s first attempt at the Olympic games from a soccer point of view allow me first of all to assure you that the appointment of manager of your team was and is esteemed by me as a great honor. It was only with a deep appreciation of that honor that I went over with the team. We met at the Park Avenue Hotel on the evening of the 9th of May and we were entertained royally by the American Olympic Committee at a nice banquet at the same hotel that evening. In the absence of President P. J. Peel, First Vice-President Morris Johnson presided and among the speakers of the evening were the toastmaster, Secretary Fred. Rubien of the American Olympic Committee; Dr. G .R. Manning, chair­ man of the U.S.F.A. Olympic Committee; Secretary A .M . Brown, J. Farrell of the Eastern Penn Football Association, and others. The following day, May 10th, we sailed from New York on the S.S. “America.” May 12th the players were ordered to report for training under Trainer Burford. At 7 A. M. the men assembled on the deck and went through breathing exercises and leg exercises. This before breakfast. At 10:30 they were given one hour’s workout on deck. Skipping ropes, medicine ball, calisthenics, then to the gym, where they put in fifteen minutes on all the various machines used for conditioning men. In the afternoon the players indulged in some soccer prac­ tice up on the top deck. Head work, trapping and shooting being mostly what they confined themselves to. This program was carried out nearly every day while we were on board ship. We had with us a fellow passenger, Col. A. G. Mills, who is one of the leading members of the American Olympic Committee, and he commended the soccer men on the splendid manner in which they went about their training and the manner in which they were trained. During the trip over there were many interesting affairs aboard ship and, of course, the players took part in them even to the extent of pro­ viding an Olympic Soccer Quartette for the concert aboard ship, but all good things must come to an end and on May 19th we left the ship at Cherbourg and arrived in Paris that evening. After being met by President Peel and some members of the French Olympic Committee we were taken out to Colombes, where we were to be quartered. That evening will be remembered by many of the players. The following morning practice was ordered and the men all had a good workout. In the afternoon they were taken to Paris, where they were officially received by the president of the F.I.F.A. and other members of the Olympic Committee and then quarters were found for them at Exelmans Boulevard Hotel. The same evening the American Ladies gave a dinner and dance for the players and provided them with a theatre party. Practice at Colombes the following morning and a trip to Eiffel Tower in the afternoon completed this day. Next day we procured a ground nearer our quarters for practice and Trainer Burford and myself watched the men carefully at work. Rested in the afternoon. May 23rd we had light practice and in the afternoon we all went to Stade Bergere, where we witnessed the French team defeat West Ham of the English League by 2 goals to 1. May 24th our players had no practice as we were down to play Esthonia the following day. May 25th we played our first game in the Olympic Competition at Pershing Stadium, defeating Esthonia by 1 goal to 0 after a very close game. The game opened with our boys on the attack but Esthonia soon showed that they were not such slouches as some of the critics thought they were. The Esthonia forwards were soon working their way towards our goal and but for some clever work by Davis, Rudd and Douglas might have pierced our defense. Uruas and Paal were especially clever and the soccer they played was clever. Stradan got away but hesitated too long and a fine open­ ing was lost. Dalrymple sent in a hot one, the right fullback got it and cleared. Both goals were being attacked in turn. Doc Brix, who was playing clever soccer for the U .S . team, hit the upright. A penalty was called on Esthonia for tripping and Stradan, taking the kick, made no mistake. It was nip and tuck all the way and Esthonia had the better of the game when it came to the fine points, but they could not beat Douglas, who was playing a wonderful game in goal for us. In the second half Esthonia was awarded a penalty but Kaljot put the ball over the crossbar and we breathed more evenly. However, the referee stated he did not blow his whistle and ordered the kick retaken. This time it hit the cross bar and Douglas, pouncing on it like a cat, sent it clear. Esthonia continued to press but there were no holes in our defense and we finished winners by the one solitary goal. It was a case of men physically fit standing the gaff and our boys were due congratulations for their first victory. Lineups as follows: United States—Douglas, goal; Davis, R .B .; Rudd, L. B.; Jones, R .H .B .; Hornberger, C. H .B .; O’Conner, L .H .B .; Findlay, O .R .F .; Brix, I .R .F .; Stradan, C.F.; Farrell, I. L. F.; Dalrymple, O.L.F. Esthonia—Lass, goal; Philak, R. B.; Silber, L. B.; Rein, R.H. B.; Kaar- man, C. H. B.; Wali, L.H .B .; Kaljot, O.R.F.; Paal, I. R. F.; Illman, C .F.; Uraus, I.L .F .; Joll, O .L .F . Goalscorer, A. Stradan, United States. (Penalty.) Referee, J. Putz, Holland. One of the unfortunate events of the tl'ip occurred near the close of the game with Esthonia. Brix, our inside right forward, being badly injured, his kidney was punctured and he immediately was ordered to bed and put under a doctors care. We drew Uruguay in our second game and the men continued their practice under Trainer Burford. Another misfortune befell us when Fullback Rudd was badly injured in practice, he receiving a very badly maimed ankle which resulted in his inability to take part in the second game. While this may not have had any bearing on the ultimate result, still it sort of put a damper on the spirits of the boys. The match with Uruguay followed four days after our game with Esthonia and was played at Stade Bergeyre before 2 0 , 0 0 0 fans. United States kicked off and right away Uruguay took up the play. Sacrone, beat by a wonderful piece of dribbling, got within shooting distance and let fly for goal. It looked as if Douglas was going to be beaten but by a marvelous save he snatched the leather off the upright and punted clear. Davis and O’Connor were getting more than their share of work as our half backs did not seem to be able to cope with the highly developed and speedy front line of the team from South America. Petrone and his inside men had a perfect understanding and after eleven minutes’ play the center forward drove a rocket shot from a mass of players into the net past the alert U.S. goalkeeper. It was only occasionally that our players got over the half-way line. Farrell was given a chance by Stradan but-mulled it up and a minute later Findlay was in a nice position to score but he shot badly. Back dashed the Uruguayians to Douglas and Jimmy had to work fast and hard to keep out the many shots which rattled in on him. Douglas was superb. Petrone, however, would not be denied and he smashed another dandy drive into the net after some pretty nifty combined play on the part of their entire front line backed up by a very impressive half back line. Our boys strove hard and Stradan was all set to go through when Dalrymple got into an offside position. A bad return led to Petrone scoring his third goal with a daisy cutter which landed in the far corner of the net out of Douglas’ reach. Half time—Uruguay, 3; United States, 0. The second half saw our boys at their best. Finding they could not outguess the Uruguanians, our defense decided to play four half backs and one full back. This move completely upset the South American team who, while very fast, did not seem to be able to develop a combination movement which would put us in a worse plight. Time and again the whole front line was caught flat-footed in an offside position. When Sacrone did get through he found Douglas equal to his parting shot. Findlay and Wells seemed to get more speed this half but Tomasina and Arispe were regular stone walls in defense and we had had two shots at Mazali. There was an appreciable slowing up of the South American team in this half. O’Connor got booed for downing Naya near the corner flag but from my position it was a fair shoulder charge and legitimate. Stradan was held well in hand by Vidal but he did get away and, jumping well over Arispes’ head for the ball, was seemingly in a good position when the fullback brought his boot clear across our center-forward’s back, ripping his jersey clear through and cutting his back right open. It was a nasty one but accidental. After receiving attention from our trainer, Stradan pluckily resumed but it was no use, our players. could not get a decent drive at the goal and Davis, O’Conner and Douglas were kept busy for the remainder of the game, but no further scoring took place. Lineup as follows: United States—Douglas, goal; Davis, R .F .B .; O’Conner, L .F .B .; Johnson, R .H .B .; Hornberger, C .H .B .; Jones, L. H. B.; Findlay, O .R .F .; Wells, I.L .F.; Stradan, C.F.; Farrell, I.L .F.; Dalrymple, O .L.F. Uruguay—'Mazali, goal; Nasazzi, R .F .B .; Arispe, L.F .B .; Andrade, R .H .B .; Vidal, C .H .B .; Tomasina, L .H .B .; Naya,O.R .F .; Sacrone, I .L .F .; Petrone, C .F.; Cea, I .L .F .; Romano, O .L .F . The splendid exhibition set up by our South American neighbors made quite an impression on me and personally I put them down as the winners of the competition. Our team did their best but the all-round ability of the Uruguay players, their wonderful combination and control of the ball and play at all times clearly demonstrated that they were past masters at the art of soccer football. While we lost, our boys won the admiration of the fans, which is quite some stunt in France, and when the teams left the field the United States players got just as big a hand from the crowd as the winning Uruguayians. We were out of the Olympic games for this year but we learned many valuable lessons which I will try and set forth in the summing up of our trip. SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE OLYMPICS The firm belief which I had before leaving home that an all star team would not do so well as one team which had played all year together and won our National Amateur Challenge Cup is more firmly established in my mind. Coming in contact with the other countries during the competition and seeing their teams play makes me more certain than ever that what we want is one team. Uruguay, who won the competition, have played together for years not only so but they left home early last year and played nine games in Spain two in Czecho-Slovakia and other countries were also visited by this team. They knew each other like a book. If we cannot get one team that meets the requirements of the laws re-citizenship then I would like to suggest that we adopt the same customs as the other countries engaging in the Olympic Games. Select our team in time to give the players a chance to become acquainted with each others style of play. On the other hand I feel mighty proud of our boys and the record which they made. Realize gentlemen that many of the players were absolute strangers to each other and met on the steamer going over for the first time. They had five days in which to accilmatise themselves and train for the first game. Speaking plainly the team which the United States Football Association sent over to Paris was in every sense of the word truly an Amateur team, their actions on and off the field during the games were of the highest. Your players won the admiration of all fair-minded fans and many of the other countries participating in the games looked with envy at our boys who took the whole affair in the manner in which it is sup­ posed to be taken, a sporting point of view. While I do not wish to complain I know that many of the teams competing in these games do not live up to the standards of Amateurism set up by you gentlemen, but thank God the United States Football Association can look back with pride on their first effort in soccer at the Olympic Games. We did not win the championship of the world at Soccer but we did leave behind us the impression that we played for the love of the game and Sport only. Yours truly, GEORGE M. COLLINS.

REPORT OF TRAINER OF SOCCER TEAM, G. H. BURFORD For the first time in history, America was represented in the soccer football contests during the Eighth Olympiad held in Paris, France. When it is considered that soccer is the national game of practically all Europe and the world, and is also considered the leading sport of most of these countries, the task of defeating the various countries “at their own game” could not be expected in this our first invasion. Soccer in America is practically in its infancy, but the baby is healthy and growing strong, and I have no doubt that in the next Olympiad we will come through with flying colors. The personnel of our American Olympic Soccer Team were selected from all parts of our country, from Massachusetts to California, but, owing to vari­ ous conditions, the men had practically no training together on this side of the water and as soccer calls for team and combination play in the finest degree, we were severely handicapped when pitted against the European teams, who, in most cases, were or had been playing together for many, many months or even years before the Olympiad contests. As the soccer contests were played on the elimination plan, we were drawn to play against the crack Esthonia team from the Baltic. After a bitter struggle in which the American pep and dash combined with our men being in superb physical condition were pitted against a well-seasoned and classic combination team, we finally came out victors by the final score of one goal to nil. During this contest Dr. Brix of California, one of our best forwards, was severely injured and for two weeks was confined to his bed; therefore we were deprived of his services during the remainder of our visit abroad. This, combined with A. Rudd, one of our star fullbacks, who also received a severe injury to his foot, put us to a great disadvantage during our next and final game. We were drawn to play against the crack Uruguay team of South America. We fully realized our opponents were past masters at the kicking code of football, and we felt it was the “break” of the game to be pitted against such a classic team. However, we gave them a good battle and made the South American team extend themselves to the limit in order to defeat us by the final score of three goals to nil. When it is considered that during the next round in which the South American team were pitted against the crack French team (who had been forecast as the probable winners of the soccer classic), the Uruguay team defeated their French opponents to the tune of five goals to one, we have every reason to feel proud of our showing against such a crack team, who finally were crowned champions of the soccer series. The representatives of the American Olympic Soccer Team were a credit to our nation. As coach and trainer I am pleased to state that the men car­ ried themselves with dignity and honor during our trip across the water and in Europe. Every man reported punctual and willingly to the training periods on board ship and in France and, as a whole, we made a very happy family with one great purpose of doing our very best and above all to act like gentlemen both on the field of play and during our entire visit abroad. As soccer is the national game of practically the whole world, we should make every effort in America to prepare ourselves for the next Olympiad to be held in 1928. The soccer game is increasing and becoming more popular every week. Our school boys are taking to the kicking code of football like “ducks take to water.” I feel sure that in the very near future we will soon be able to place an all American-bornsoccer team on the field that will hold their own against the world. I deeply appreciate the honor conferred upon me in being selected as the coach and trainer for the first American Olympic Soccer Team, and I believe every member of our entire party of nineteen men returned home with the very best of feeling and a friendship that will last as long as we live. Respectfully submitted, G. H. BURFORD. REPORT OF SOCCER TEAM Your committee held four meetings in order to carry out as far as possible the dictates as outlined by the National Council at the last annual meeting for the participation of the United States in the soccer tournament to be held at the Quadrennial Olympic Games of 1924 in Paris, France. One meeting was held in Chicago, Ill., on January 28, 1924; two in St. Louis on March 16th and 30th, 1924, and one in New York on May 1 st, 1924. The meeting in St. Louis on March 16th was in joint session with the Amateur C.C.C. wherein permission was asked by the Amateur C.C.C. and the Olympic Com­ mittee of the United States Football Assn. to disregard the order of the Council at the last annual meeting that the winners of the Amateur Cup should be chosen to represent this country in the Eighth Olympic Games, and that they be authorized to select a team solely on the basis of citizenship, amateur status and ability, the request being based on the report of the Amateur Cup Committee that the Amateur Challenge Cup Competition would be completed in due season but stating most forcibly that it was impossible to develop a champion club meeting the citizenship requirements:, as set forth in the mail vote taken by the secretary’s office under date of March 18th, 1924. As a majority of the council’s delegates voted in the affirmative and the permission thus granted, your committee at the meeting in New York on May 1st, 1924, and the final try-out game at Paterson, N .J ., on May 4 th, the following seventeen (17) players, manager and trainer were duly selected to represent the United States: James Edward Douglas, 76 Johnston Ave., Kearney, N .J. (Newark S.C.). Dr. Aage Emil Brix, c/o Los Angeles A.C., Los Angeles, Cal. (Los Angeles A.C.). Samuel Hugh Dalrymple, 6607 Tulip St., Phila., Pa. (Disston F.C.). Irving Cyril Davis, 2736 No. Reese St., Phila., Pa. (Fairhill F.C.). William Jacob Demko, 234 W. Mentor St., Phila., Pa. (Fleisher Yarn). Henry Charles Flarrel, 5520 Cambridge St., Phila., Pa. (Fairhill F.C.). William Findlay, 314 Avenue “A”, Bayonne, N .J . (Galicia F.C.). Edward Hart, 1961 Arlington Ave., St. Louis, Mo. (St. Matthew’s F.C.). Raymond A. Hornberger, 3310 Longshore St., Tacony, Pa. (Disston F.C.). Carl W. F. Johnson, 907 Fletcher St., Chicago, 111. (Swed. Amer. F.C.). F. Burke Jones, James St., Bridgeville, Pa. (Bridgeville F.C.). James Henry Mulholland, 64 Linden St., Passaic, N .J. (Scott A.A.). Frederick E. O’Connor, 39 Linden St., Lynn, Mass. (Lynn G. & E. F.C.). James Rhody, 407 Grant Ave., Kearny, N .J. (Erie A.A. F.C.). Arthur George Rudd, 2224 S. 20th St., Phila., Pa. (Fleisher Yarn F.C.). Andrew John Sti’adan, 1852 S. 24th St., Phila., Pa. (Fleisher Yarn F.C.). Herbert Wells, c/o YMCA, Chester, Pa. (Fleisher Yarn F.C.). Manager George M. Collins, 274 Summer St., Boston, Mass. Trainer George H. Burford, c/o Penn. R.R. YMCA, 41st and Westminster Sts., Phila, Pa. A report of their performance will be made by Geo. M. Collins, who held the managerial reins of the first United States Olympic Soccer Team, as well as President Peter J. Peel, who acted as the deputy of the United States Football Association at the Olympiad. Your committee, of course, submitted all recommendations to the National Commission and received their approval before final action was taken. The voluminous detail work was ably taken care of between meeting by Dr. G. Randolph Manning, who was appointed by President Peel to fill the vacancy caused by T. W. Cahill’s removal from office, and Andrew M. Brown, who, as secretary of the United States Football Association, was an ex-officio mem­ ber of the Olympic Committee. The laborious undertaking, confusion and tense strain to which all were subjected, owing to the short space of time available, can only be appreciated by those in close attendance with the entire situation throughout the Olympic Committee’s siege. The new secretary and his office force is to be highly congratulated for the wonderful untiring work that has reflected with favor on this patriotic public-spirited undertaking and the belief in the physical betterment of our youth through exercise in wholesome recreative amateur sports, especially soccer (association) football. Furthermore, the United States Football Association pledged itself to raise the funds necessary to underwrite the entire expenses of the trip of the soccer team and a segregation of the items listed in the treasurer’s books, applicable to the Olympic Committee’s work, reveals a total contribution of $8,698.27 and a total disbursement of $8,400.62, up to and including June 27th, 1924, and shows a balance on hand of $292.65 in the hands of the treasurer as of the same date, and an unused balance in the hands of the honorary secretary of $5.00, making a total balance on hand of $297.65. A glance at the tabulated contributions as compiled by the secretary’s office will show the generosity exhibited by some of the State associations, as well as the exceeding feeble response by many of the larger governing State bodies. Summing it all up, our initial entrance into the Olympic games, together with our inaugural foreign invasion as representatives of our country has been one of patriotic devotion, ambitious national athletic achievement and a genuine pleasure to us all, we assure you. Rspectfully submitted, W. R. CUMMINGS, Secy. Olympic Committee (U.S.F. Assn.).

REPORT FOR AMERICAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEE BY INTERNATIONAL SKATING UNION OF AMERICA Concerning Participation of Skating Teams in Winter Sports of Eighth Olympiad

Financial From reports already received from various speed skating asso­ ciations composing the I.S .U . there has been raised approxi-

The expenses have been appromixately...... 5,623.00 ...... $ 606.00

Paid the American Olympic Association ...... 500.00 ...... $ 106.00

Plus check advanced to Taylor by Olympic Association...... 109.09

Net Balance on hand, approximately...... $ 215.09 The American Olympic Association paid for the steamship tickets of five men of the Speed Skating Team and their railroad fares to Chamonix. It also supplied them with their skating uniforms. The I.S .U . paid for the steamship tickets of the remaining two men and all other expenses, including complete traveling outfits for all seven men, consisting of overcoats, caps, blue suits with extra gray knickers, golf stockings, arctics, scarfs, etc. Olympic Speed Skating Team At the annual meeting of the International Skating Union of America, held at Cleveland on October 27th and 28th, six men, namely, Charles Jew- traw, Richard E. Donovan, Valentine Bialas, Harry H. Kaskey, Joseph J. Moore and William Steinmetz, were chosen because of their past performances as the nucleus of the team of four men to represent the United States of America in the skating races of the Eighth Olympiad at Chamonix, France, and Wm. M. Taylor was chosen as coach and manager. The choice of the four men to finally compose the team was left to Taylor to be decided after various preliminary trials. These men were immediately notified of their selection and directed to commence training. Owing to the lack of outdoor skating, the team gathered in New York City on December 8 th and, under the supervision of Taylor, commenced their final training in local skating rinks supplemented by road work and bicycle riding. After skating in various exhibitions and races indoors in New York and Boston, the team arrived at Saranac Lake on December 23rd for their final preparations and trials. They were again handicapped by lack of ice and, prior to their sailing, were able to obtain only five days’ outdoor skating. The trials to decide which four men should make the trip were held at Saranac and Placid under Olympic skating conditions, on December 28th and 29th. As a result of these trials it was decided by the I .S .U . officials and Taylor to send all six men and to enter each man in three events instead of the entire four on the program, thus permitting some of these men to specialize in the 500 and 1500 meters and others in the 5000 and 10000 meter races. The team sailed from New York City on January 2nd on the S.S. “Presi­ dent Monroe,” after skating in races at Newburgh, N .Y ., on January 1st. They had an exceedingly rough passage and all were nearly continuously seasick. They were able to do but little exercising on deck owing to the weather conditions and were able to ride on the home bicycle trainer only twice during the trip across. They reached Chamonix on January 16th, two days later than they expected and found the ice conditions very poor. After four days’ skating the weather turned warm and they had no skating for the next six days until the night before the Olympic races. During this period they were not loafing around the hotel, as one newspaper l-eported, but were doing road work, and light calisthenics commencing before breakfast and going to bed not later than 10:00 P. M. Taylor reports that the food at the Chamonix Palace, where Mr. Allan Muhr insisted that they stay, was entirely unsuited for training and that it was very difficult to obtain the food to which the men were accustomed. He also reports that the team could have saved money and lived better at some of the other hotels. The races commenced January 27th and Charles Jewtraw won the 500 meters race in the fast time of 44 seconds, Joe Moore taking eighth place, Kaskey, twelfth, and Steinmetz, fourteenth, out of thirty-one starters. The 5000 meters race was skated the same day, with Bialas taking sixth place; Donovan, eighth place; Jewtraw, thirteenth, and Steinmetz, fourteenth. On January 28th, the 1500 meters and 10000 meters races were contested. In the former Kaskey took seventh place; Jewtraw, eighth; Moore, ninth; Steinmetz, eleventh. In the 10000 meters, Bialas was eighth; Donovan, ninth; Moore, twelfth, and Kaskey, thirteenth. Considering the lack of opportunity for sufficient preparation, the rough sea voyage and the European style of skating which was new to our men, the officials of the I .S .U . feel that our men made a very creditable showing among the thirty-one starters. The European style of racing, two men on separate tracks against time, could not be adopted in this country because it is most uninteresting from the spectators’ point of view, as was found at both Placid and Saranac this year during the Olympic trials. The only apparent method of preparing our skaters for the next Olympiad seems to be in placing a time limit in the championship events and insisting that the men skate their hardest from the gun instead of easing up and sprinting the last lap or two. All credit, however, must be given to the Finns and Norwegians for their wonderful skating, as Taylor admits very frankly that our men could not have beaten them at their own style of skating even if our men had been in the best condition. It is an interesting comparison, however, to note that Thunberg, when he was invited to return to this country with our men and compete in the American National and International Championships, insisted that he have at least two months’ preparation after reaching America. Newspapers reported Taylor as having protested the allowance of one point as a bonus to the French skater, Quaglia, for skating in every event. Taylor emphatically denies making any such protest and knew nothing about it until shown American newspapers on his return. He recommends, how­ ever, that such bonus be eliminated in future Olympiads. Figure Skating The following members of the United States Olympic Figure Skating Team were selected by the United States Figure Skating Association, and approved by the International Skating Union of America: Mrs. Theresa W. Blanchard, Miss Beatrice Loughran, Mr. Nathaniel W. Niles, Mr. Sherwin Badger. Mr. Charles M. Rotch was selected to act as Judge. Miss Loughran sailed with the Speed Skating Team on January 2nd, and Mrs. Blanchard, Mr. Niles and Mr. Rotch sailed on a later steamer, on January 16th. Mr. Badger was unable to go. The American Olympic Association paid the steamship fares and railroad fares abroad of these skaters. Some money was raised by their respective skating clubs to pay part of their expenses and the balance was paid by the skaters themselves. In the ladies’ singles Miss Laughran was a very close second and Mrs. Blanchard took fourth place. In the men’s singles Mr. Niles took sixth place and in the pair skating Mrs. Blanchard and Mr. Niles were also sixth. All the members of the figure skating and racing teams except Miss Loughran arrived in New York on the S.S. “Berengaria,” on February 13th, and were welcomed at Quarantine by the Police Tug “Manhattan,” having on board the Police Band and various officials of the I .S .U ., A .A .U . and the American Olympic Association. The following suggestions are made as an assistance in preparing for the next Olympiad: 1 . That the races be held at least one month later, viz., in the latter part of February. 2. That we send four men instead of six, each one to skate in every event. 3 . That our team be chosen the year previous to the Olympic races. 4. That trials for the team be conducted under Olympic conditions and that contestants train properly before the trials in the European style of skating. 5. That our team reach the place of holding the next Olympiad at least three weeks before the races are held. 6. That our skaters use in the Olympic races, skates similar to those worn by the Finns, with a longer heel drag so as to ride further between strokes and to permit a longer stride. (Note—Taylor estimates that the. Finns traveled about five feet further per stroke than our men.) 7. That our skaters skate their best from the gun in future races in this country and try to become better judges of pace, instead of loafing and sprinting the last lap or two. 8 . That proper advance arrangements be made for skaters to get the same food abroad as at home. 9. That the next team be sent abroad on faster and larger steamer to avoid delay, prevent seasickness and to allow better training facilities during the passage. 10. That money may be saved by not reserving foreign railroad tickets in advance owing to possibility of delay in arrival of steamer. 11. That return passage should not be engaged for an early date after games, as races may be delayed by weather conditions. 12. That the use of home bicycle trainer on shipboard be discontinued. 13. That the system of distributing twenty-five bonus points among those skating entire program be discontinued. 14. That the starting of races be by pistol instead of flag. (Note—At present starter stands behind contestants with flag and starts them by saying, “Are you ready—go,” and then waving flag for timers, who are standing at a distance in all races except in 10,000 meters.) 15. That the races be run in both American style and European style. Mr. Taylor also denies the newspaper reports that he refused to allow the United States Team to skate unless a pass was granted to Clarence Carman. He states that Carman assisted him in training and rubbing our skaters and that he asked Mr. Muhr for three passes to the grounds, not to the track, so that Carman could look after two of our men while Taylor took care of the remaining two contestants each day. Mr. Muhr at first refused these, but afterwards granted them. Mr. Taylor, likewise, denies the published newspaper reports that our men missed an opportunity to practice in a small pond about 200 meters above Chamonix which, it is claimed, the Finns found four days before the races. The Finns trained at Davos, Switzerland, and arrived at Chamonix only three days before the races*. Respectfully submitted, JOSEPH K. SAVAGE, President, International Skating Union of America.

REPORT FOR AMERICAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEE FROM AMERICAN OLYMPIC SPEED SKATING TEAM, 1924 Members of team—Charles Jewtraw, Joe Moore, Harry Kaskey, William Steinmetz, Richard Donovan, Valatine Bialas. 500 Meter R a c e — Jewtraw, 1st; Moore, 8th; Kaskey, 12th; Steinmetz, 44th. 5000 Meter Race—Bialas, 6 th; Donovan, 8 th; Jewtraw, 13th; Steinmetz, 14th. 1500 Meter Race—Kaskey, 7th; Jewtraw, 8 th; Moore, 9th; Steinmetz, 11th. 10000 Meter Race—Bialas, 8 th; Donovan, 9th; Moore, 12th; Kaskey, 13th. The team scored a total of eleven points. Yours very truly, WM. M. TAYLOR, Manager.

REPORT OF FIGURE SKATING TEAM. NATHANIEL W. NILES The Winter Sports Division of the 1924 Olympic Games at Chamonix, France, was won by Finland with 134^ points; with the places counting as follows: First, ten; second, five; third, four; fourth, three; fifth, two; sixth, one. Norway was second with 76^ points. Finland and Norway accumu­ lated these tremendous totals because of their excellent speed skating teams. England was third with 30 points (acquiring ten of these in curling with but three teams entered). The United States was fourth with 29 points scored as follows: Jew­ traw, 10; Bialis, 1; Hockey Team, 5; Miss Loughran, 5; Mrs. Blanchard, 3; Niles, 1; Blanchard and Niles, 1; Haugen, ski-jump, 3. The other nations finished as follows: Sweden, 26; Austria, 25; Switzer­ land, 24; France, 19 1/2; Canada, 11; Czecho-Slovakia, 8 1/2; Belgium, 6 ; Italy, 1. The parade on the opening day, of the eighteen nations entered, to and around the oval rink, was very impressive, but the real thrill for us came with the playing of the Star Spangled Banner and the raising of the Amer­ ican flag when Jewtraw won the first event, the five hundred metre race. Incidentally, Jewtraw skated two seconds faster than ever in his life, after remarking to me as he went on immediately before the event that he had not had a chance to warm up! The only other point scored by the speed skaters was in the fifteen hundred metre race when Bialis did remarkably well to gain a sixth place against the Finns and Norwegians, who so out­ distanced the other nations in all but the short sprints. The Figure Skating, which certainly included the best in the world, was given and deserved an important place in the Winter Sports Division. With the exception of Kachler, the world’s champions in the men’s, ladies’ and pair skating for the last decade competed. Charles M. Rotch, of The Skating Club of Boston, was referee of the judges, seven of whom were picked from the following list for each event. Magnus, Pigueron and Japiot, France; Yglesias, England; Wagemans and Delpy, Belgium; Herz and Fellner, Austria; Kott, Czecho-Slovakia; Kunzli, Switzerland; Jakobsson, Finland. Although we had no definite assurance, both Mr. Henry Howe, who had planned to act for our team until prevented by business, and Mr. Rotch, were encouraged to believe that by the time of their arrival their applications as United States judges would have been approved. But, unfortunately, every effort to arrange this failed and Mr. Rotch was appointed referee, or general arbiter for the events. Men’s Championship A light snow which fell before the morning of the Men’s School Figures was not too carefully swept off, leaving the ice not entirely perfect, but good. Owing to the number of entries, the School Figures lasted from 9:30 to 5:15. Our scant lunch hour was used by the ladies for their Free Skating. The effects of this tedious ordeal showed perceptibly in our Free Skating the next day. In saying that they should have been skated on two days as at Antwerp in 1920, I think I reflect the opinion of both judges and skaters. The championship, as anticipated, was won by Grafstrom. The order of the others was: Second, Bockl, Austria; third, Gautschi, Switzerland; fourth, Silva, Czecho-Slovakia; fifth, Page, England; sixth, Niles, United States; seventh, Rogers, Canada; eighth, Brunet, France; ninth, Mesot, Bel­ gium; tenth, Clarke, England; eleventh, Malinet, France. GRAFSTROM, marvelous as he was, did not equal the perfection he showed in 1920 at Antwerp. The fact that he had only just recovered from influenza undoubtedly accounted for this. His form, if anything, seemed to me better than ever and with his returning strength, two or three days more would have seen him at his best. To my mind, he is ideal; he skates in as correct form as I have ever seen, in absolutely his own way, as Meyer or Frick do the same in their way. All his movements seem most natural, yet no part of his style is incorrect. The tracing and turns of his first two or three School Figures were not up to his standard but he improved as he went on and at one o’clock, when we stopped for lunch, his back three change three looked to be worth very nearly six. The last two figures were back loop change loop and forward bracket change bracket and it was here that he gained most. His loops, starting left, and his brackets, starting right, were more than good! To equal Grafstrom one must certainly far more than equal his tracings, for his upright carriage, yet bent skating knee showing control and strength though entirely free from strain, one would almost wish for at the expense of all else. Were he not so good in his Figures you would speak of Grafstrom as a great Free Skater, for he is both! His good form now becomes free and full of life, his positions less conservative but firm, with nothing of the flashy theatrical, though with every bit of position he should have. His program was excellent, except I should say, for too many spins though each was different. His jumps included an Axel Paulsen, a loop or Ritberger, as they call it, a Salchow, and a half loop or Tyrenne, which as well as the loop, I think, he repeated. He skated it well, though not nearly as he can, yet one could hardly believe he was in bed with the flu at Davos within a week! NILES, United States (sixth) even more than Page, got his place on School Figures. Though ahead of both Silva and Page in the latter, my total, Free Skating included, placed me decidedly behind them; lack of spins and a spread eagle may or may not have had .considerable to do with this. It is a fact, however, in this connection, that Europeans consider a pro­ gram incomplete without both, though most in this country, I think, will agree that unless done extremely well they add nothing to the beauty of a performance. Ladies’ Championship Of the championship for ladies the School Figures were skated under ideal out-of-door conditions, but during the Free Skating it was unusually cold with a high wind and the ice was hard and brittle. MRS. HERMA VON SZABO-PLANK of Austria, the winner and for two years world’s lady champion, skated her School Figures, with the exception of two, nearly equal to the best men. Her inner back counters were as fine as I have ever seen by either sex. Her outer back rockers and forward loop change loops, however, were not up to the high average of her other figures, though her loops were good. Her back rockers were turned too soon; both Miss Loughran and Mrs. Blanchard were better in this figure and to say that Miss Loughran’s forward loop change loops were almost perfect on both feet, is not an exaggeration. Mrs. Plank, with always a very definite strong edge, actually appeared uninfluenced by the above-mentioned weather and ice handicaps so dreaded by our skaters. The explanation was obvious when Mrs. Plank described her home rink at Vienna. Their club has a large ice area uncovered, and artificial except for the two ends which they use only during cold weather. There is almost always more or less wind, and owing to frequent sudden weather changes, very hard ice is not unusual. Naturally a strong deliberate skater of the Salchow type, she had little of the light delicate touches, which we see in Mrs. Blanchard, to be influenced by conditions and her Free Skating was probably as good as on an indoor rink with ice as perfect as we know it. Her spins were extremely good as were many of her dance steps and her spread eagle jump. Her Free Skating- form did not compare with Grafstrom, the highest standard to be sure, and in my opinion, aside from spins, it did not on this occasion better Miss Loughran’s usual exhibition or compare indoors with Mrs. Blanchard. Mrs. Plank’s so remarkable skill combined with her youth, strength and very charming personality and appearance, is with Grafstrom’s, certainly a high light of European skating. MISS LOUGHRAN, United States, although twenty points behind the winner on an average per judge, was unanimously placed second, as was Mrs. Plank first. (A marked contrast to the 1920 Olympics when the win­ ner, Mrs. Jolin, received no firsts, while Mrs. Blanchard was third with two and a half first places!) In my opinion Miss Loughran’s improvement over her form of a year ago was astonishing. Aside from her loop change loops above mentioned, her edges were strong and her lobes round, and had Mrs. Plank been much less consistently steady and accurate she would certainly have led the School Figures. In Free Skating she did not nearly do herself justice and doubtless was affected to a great extent by conditions. I thought this at the time but knew it after seeing her exhibition four or five days later at St. Moritz. Her spread eagle was good but her spins, though controlled, were slow and suffered from comparison with the excellence of those done by Mrs. Plank and Miss Henie. MRS. BLANCHARD, United States (fourth) did fully as well in School Figures as she had hoped, except for the unfortunate loops. But conditions did not permit of her piling up any sizable total as she so often does in Free Skating. Her loop and Sal'chow jumps as usual were high and clean, but the wind and ice worked against the light, quick form which usually char­ acterizes her exhibitions. Conditions which must have affected the other ladies as well, were poor music and the unexpected shape of the rink. An attempt was made to trans­ mit through a loud speaker, music played within the pavilion which, though obviously a failure, could not be corrected that afternoon; the orchestra was placed where it could be heard direct, during the Men’s Free Skating and the Pairs. It was discovered on the day of the event that the rink was to be square instead of oblong as provided for by the published Olympic regula­ tions, which necessitated the adapting of a more or less long and narrow pro­ gram to this shape. Pair Championship The outdoor conditions under which the Pair Skating took place were very good except that we still skated in a more or less square space, as in the single Free Skating. We were very interested to see the winners, MISS ENGELMAN AND MR. BERGER, Austria, for the first time, having pre­ viously heard of their defeating the more famous Finnish pair, Mr. and Mrs. Jakobsson, winners of many world’s championships and the 1920 Olympics. The Austrian Pair’s form was extremely good; especially noticeable was Berger’s carriage, at all times erect, his head and shoulders remind one of Grafstrom. The actual skating of their program was beautifully done, it could hardly have been better; but, in our opinion, it was not a championship program! For it was mainly hand in hand, hence lacked variety and could certainly contain but part of what we know as difficulty. Meetings and timing the execution of symmetrical separating figures, we know, as a most pleasing part of Pair Skating. It requires much patient practice long after the individual execution of the turns, jumps or whatnot, become sure and smooth. Our standard tells us that such variety is indis­ pensable, and I am sure no Muller or Meyer-Bergfelt program without it would be three-quarters complete. Miss Engelman and Mr. Berger skated much in waltz position with well connected dance steps and spirals. He jumped her well, from which her landings were invariably very perfect. The whole impressed me as a beautiful foundation in which to inject meetings and separating figures with individual difficulty, to prove their skill but mainly for a varied and more pleasing effect. MRS. BLANCHARD and MR. NILES, United States, were sixth. Accord­ ing to our standards, our program contained difficulty both in individual figures and meetings, and was varied in that repetition occurred only in the more difficult jumps and turns (three places, two of them dance steps). Our per­ formance on this particular occasion was somewhat better than our average. Though it is hard for us to say, according to the above-mentioned skaters, our execution seemed to compare favorably with the same movements attempted by any of the others. The French Olympic Committee should be heartily congratulated on the high standard and efficient management of these events. The value to the sport of such International Competitions could hardly be over-estimated if they merely served to further the interchange of ideas and thus tended to more thoroughly standardize skating. Among the more difficult problems which must always be most efficiently and tactfully handled is the matter of judges (who, I may say, I believe are considerably less apt to be carried away than are our own, by any one quality in a skater, good jumps or high speed, perhaps, at the expense of things more essential). In this connection, owing to the variance in style among the different countries, there is sometimes an unusual difference of opinion and the judges naturally are more favorably inclined to their own standard, being so accustomed to regard it as best. A solution at this time is probably impossible; to have fourteen judges when that number of countries are entered, would be impracticable—-yet a country without a judge may be slightly handicapped. Would it not, there­ fore, be better, rather than obliging each country to nominate a judge, to have no one of the judges appointed mark his own countrymen ?

REPORT OF MANAGER OF HOCKEY TEAM, WILLIAM S. HADDOCK Gentlemen: It is with regret that I cannot report back from the 1924 Olympic Winter Sports at Chamonix, France, with the championship in hockey. I feel proud, however, of our showing as the team won all its games except the final, which was with our Canadian neighbors, and was lost by us only after a magnificent battle, which the score does not at all indicate. For the benefit of the members of this committee, I wish to state that the visit of our team to France was a credit to us, the French looked forward to our appearance, and the other countries took an immense interest in us, and were extremely friendly. The French Olympic Committee did everything in its power to make our visit a pleasant one and did splendid work. The games were admirably staged, and conducted in a thoroughly equitable manner. Your Hockey Committee feels gratified that under the circumstances incident to gathering the team together, that we did as wrell. Our boys knew just as much hockey as the Canadian champions, but the latter had been longer together, and their “team and combination play” was far superior to our own. The members of the team conducted themselves as American gentlemen throughout, and all had a wonderful trip. I wish to call the committee’s attention to the fact that the United States Lines took splendid care of us each voyage, and their representatives in their Paris and London offices went out of their way to see that our accommoda­ tions on board were first class in every way. Attached is complete list of games played in the hockey championships. I wish to heartily thank the committee on behalf of the U .S . A. Hockey Association and myself for their help and cooperation in having the United States represented in the 1924 Olympic Winter Games; it was well worth while, and France sincerely appre­ ciated our representation.

Respectfully yours, (Signed) WM. S. HADDOCK.

Results of Hockey Games, 1924 Olympic Championships, Chamonix, France

Pool B—United States, 19, Belgium, 0; United States, 22, France, 0; United States, 11, Great Britain, 0; France, 7, Belgium, 5; Great Britain, 19, Belgium, 3; Great Britain, 15, France, 2; Austria defaulted. Pool A—Canada, 22, Sweden, 0; Canada, 33, Switzerland, 0; Canada, 30, Czecho-Slovakia, 0; Sweden, 9, Switzerland, 0; Sweden, 9, Czecho-Slovakia, 3; Czecho-Slovakia, 1 1 , Switzerland, 2. Next Pool—United States, 20, Sweden, 0; Canada, 19, Great Britain, 2. Great Britain, 4, Sweden, 3. Final—Canada, 6 , United States, 1 . Standing—‘Canada, 1st; United States, 2nd; Great Britain, 3rd; Sweden, 4th; France, 5th; Czecho-Slovakia, 6 th.

ORGANIZATION FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE OLYMPIC GAMES Plan Proposed by Captain C. R. Train, U .S . N.

1 . The mistakes which occurred in the participation of the United States in the 1924 Olympiad were purely ones of organization. 2 . The difficulties encountered while in Paris could have been forestalled by a fixed organization in full operation weeks before the departure from New York. The outstanding omissions in organization were: First and foremost, no proper financial administrative body in France; second, lack of definitely defined responsibilities given to managers. These two omissions were due directly to the lack of a preconceived plan of administration. 3. The other difficulty, but not one of organization, was the lack of proper care in the selection of athletes and the fact that alternates, in some cases, were taken made the team unwieldy. Before submitting an organization the writer desires to emphatically impress upon the Olympic Association the absolute necessity of having the Committee supreme in all matters. The selec­ tion of individuals for the team should, in all cases, be done by the Executive Committee. This can be relegated to a sub-committee but the chairman of the Olympic Committee should preside and the other members should occupy elected seats and be men of recognized position. The name of the United States is involved and although the records of the team as athletes is impor­ tant, the record of the team as good sportsmen and gentlemen is paramount. 4. The following organization is submitted. It is necessary to state that certain parts of this organization should be put in effect immediately and cer­ tain other units should begin functioning only some weeks in advance of the team’s departure. See diagram of organization. A. The Chairman should be in close touch with the administration of the game at all times. On account of his multitudinous duties—small and otherwise, an assistant and one stenographer are necessary. B. The General Manager should be specially selected for his administra­ tive ability, tact and personal qualifications. He will be in constant touch with foreign representatives. He will be in charge of the main office, handle all correspondence and mail, etc., and therefore must have two clerks, one of whom should be a stenographer. This office should be functioning well in advance of the arrival of the team. C. Financial Department. The importance of this department cannot be overestimated and should be functioning at home and abroad far in advance of the games. The Treasurer of the Olympic Committee should remain at home with his own organization while an Assistant Treasurer, with at least one bookkeeper and two assistants, should precede the team to the place of the games and be a functioning body. It would be wise to have one representa­ tive of this Committee accompany the team. As indicated, the Finance Com­ mittee is directly responsible to the Chairman, with copies of important deci­ sions and policies sent through the Manager. D. The Transportation Department has two functions, the transportation of the team and members by rail and steamship, and the necessary auto trans­ portation after arrival at the games. Contentment of a large body of athletes is very dependent abroad upon good transportation—thus this department is very important. It is directly responsible to the Chairman through the Gen­ eral Manager, and should be in charge of a member of the Executive Com­ mittee with one assistant and one clerk. E. Housing Committee. The satisfactory boarding and lodging of a team of athletes is difficult and requires a man in charge with tact, patience, initiative, and administrative ability. He should be a member of the Execu­ tive Committee and should have two assistants, one in charge of food and the other housing. This Committee should be firmly established before the arrival of the team. F. The Medical Staff should consist of at least two salaried medical men of experience in the training of athletes and in injuries which boxing, etc., entail. One member of the staff should precede the team in order to pass upon the sanitary condition of the camp or quarters. There should always be one of the medical staff available at all times. G. The Entertainment Committee is very necessary and should contain Americans that reside in the locality of the games. 5. Each sport as shown in the diagram—a, b, c, d, etc.—should be pre­ sided over by a member of the Executive Committee, with the selected coach as his assistant. There should be no head coach and no managers, as they are unnecessary and only make the organization cumbersome. The coaches should be salaried men and discharged if failing in their duties. Each unit is independent but functions under the General Manager. The official in charge is entirely responsible for the satisfactory lodging, training and con­ tentment of his team. He applies direct to other departments for such needs that will make the participation of his team in the games a success in every way.

CHAIRMAN

B GENERAL MANAGER

C—Finance A—Track and Field G—Rifle Shooting Treasurer B—Swimming H—Shotgun Shooting Asst. Treasurer C—Fencing I—Rugby D—Transportation D—Equestrian J—Soccer E—Housing & Food E—Polo K—Winter Tests F—Medical F—Rowing L—Etc. G—Entertainment Respectfully submitted, C. R. TRAIN, Captain U .S. N,

REPORT OF JURY d’HONNEUR OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE , March 5, 1925. 1. In forwarding to your Committee the enclosed papers, we desire to recall to your memory that at the Congress of the International Olympic Committee in Rome in 1923, a long and serious discussion concerning the bad sportsmanship shown by certain officials, competitors and spectators during the Seventh Olympiad took place, and that, following on that discussion, it was decided to send to every National Olympic Committee a letter, calling the attention of all concerned to this matter, and asking that energetic action be taken at once to prevent a repetition of those incidents at the Eighth and subsequent Olympiads. At the same time, a Jury d’Honneur, consisting of the following members of the International Olympic Committee, was appointed to inquire into and to deal with all incidents of a regrettable nature, which they considered came within their jurisdiction: Baron , Baron Godefroy de Blonay, Comte Henri de Baillet-Latour, M. Edstrom, Brig. General R. J. Kentish, Marquis de Polignac. 2. At the Olympiad, which has just been brought to conclusion the most disgraceful incidents occurred in certain of the sports, notably the boxing and fencing tournaments, and we feel that only drastic and energetic action on the part of the International Olympic Committee, the National Olympic Committees, the International Federations and the National Feder­ ations, can put a stop to a state of things which, if allowed to continue, can only do the Olympic movement the greatest possible harm. 3. The Jury d’Honneur, acting on behalf of the International Olympic Committee, has, as you will see from the enclosed report, already taken action, and we now ask you to do all in your power between now and the Ninth Olympiad to spread the true spirit of sportsmanship throughout your country, so that all may come to the games in Holland determined to play the game in every sense of the word. 4. In closing this letter we desire to emphasize the fact that the Inter­ national Olympic Committee, in whose hands lies the direction of the Olympic movement, has very firmly decided not to tolerate such conduct and to inform all concerned should there be any repetition of these regrettable incidents, much more drastic action will be taken in the future. PIERRE de COUBERTIN. GODEFROY de BLONAY. BAILLET-LATOUR. M. EDSTROM. R. J. KENTISH. de POLIGNAC. Hon. Secretary, American Olympic Committee.

FENCING A.—A Statement of the Facts 1. During the Final Pool of the Foils, the Italian team, dissatisfied with the decision of the referee, behaved in a most unsportsmanlike manner and withdrew from the competition. In acting in this manner the members of the team not only failed to keep the oath sworn in the name of the whole of the athletes by M. George Andre at the ceremony in connection with the official opening of the games, namely, to accept every decision given by a referee or judge, but they also behaved in a manner entirely contrary to the spirit of the Olympic movement. 2. During the Final of the Sabre Championship the Jury of Appeal found it necessary to disqualify Signor Pulitti because in their opinion he had acted in a manner contrary to the spirit of sportsmanship. The remaining members of the Italian team again refused to continue to take part in the tournament and withdrew in a body. Somewhat later, Signor Pulitti meeting one of the judges in a public place insulted him in a most gross manner by striking him in the face with his fist. B.—Action Taken by the Jury d’Honneur 1. The matter having been brought to the notice of the Jury d’Honneur by the International Fencing Federation, the Jury d'Honneur decided: (a) To forbid Signor Pulitti from taking part in any future Olympiad. (b) To administer a very severe reprimand and warning to the Italian Fencing and Sabre Teams as to their future conduct, and (c) To ask the Italian Olympic Committee to take the most severe steps to prevent a repetition of such conduct, which is entirely out of keeping with the spirit of sportsmanship. BOXING A.—A Brief Statement of the Facts 1. On the occasion when the British referee, Mr. Walker, had quite properly disqualified an Italian boxer for a contravention of the rules, the Italian Boxing Team made a most disgraceful demonstration against the decision of the referee. During this demonstration every kind of missile was thrown at him to say nothing of the abuse of all kinds which was directed towards him. So hostile was the behavior and conduct of the Italians that a bodyguard of British boxers had to escort Mr. Walker when he was leaving the building. Mr. Walker declined to take any further part in the tourna­ ment, although he had been officially appointed by the International Boxing Federation to officiate as a judge. 2. On the occasion when the Jury d’Appel decided to disqualify Brousse, one of the most discreditable exhibitions of bad sportsmanship was given by the supporters of the Frenchman, and the noise and insults levelled at the two British boxers in the ring continued without interruption right to the end of the lastround and during the raising of the British flag. The worst incident of all was the chairing of the Frenchman, Brousse, round the hall exactly as if he had been a popular hero, instead of a man who had been disqualified for bad sportsmanship. In this incident members of the French Boxing Team were seen to be taking a prominent part. 3. On the occasion when the Argentine, Mendez, was fighting a Belgian and after the verdict had rightly or wrongly been given to his opponent, he behaved in a most unsportsmanlike manner and showed clearly that he had no conception of the meaning of the word sportsman. His friends supported him in his action and for at least a quarter of an hour there was a wild scene of disorder and noise such as has seldom been witnessed in a boxing hall before. 4. All through the tournament the behavior of those who ought to have been setting the best example of sportsmanship to the unruly, noisy and unsportsmanlike crowd, was a disgrace to the name of sport. Boxers, trainers, seconds and even in certain cases officials joined in the disorder, shouting and yelling with the rest of the crowd and adding much to the diffi­ culties of those charged with keeping order. B.—Action Taken by the Jury d’Honneur 1. The Jury d’Honneur, after full deliberation, decided to bring each of the facts above mentioned to the notice of the National Olympic Com­ mittees of all the countries which took part in the Boxing Tournament, and in the case of those countries whose boxers and officials were implicated to ask them to take every step possible they may deem necessary, the action taken being made known to the Jury d’Honneur as soon as possible. 2. The Jury d’Honneur taking into consideration the fact that the control of the tournament was in the hands of the International Boxing Fed­ eration, also decided to draw the attention of that body to the incidents, and to ask its Council to inquire into the reasons of the disgraceful scenes in question and then to send a report to the International Olympic Committee on the whole question, especially indicating what steps they consider should be taken to avoid a repetition of such conduct in the future. In asking for this report, the Jury d’Honneur has drawn the attention of the International Boxing Federation to the fact that in two cases the guilty parties belong to countries which have been boxing and taking part in other sports for a considerable number of years, and that in consequence the excuse given that the incidents were due to the ignorance of the people concerned as to what constitutes the sporting spirit, cannot be accepted. OLYMPIC CONGRESSES OF PRAGUE, 1925

Daily Program of the Technical Congress 1.—Amateurism.—The National Committees and the International Fed­ erations have been asked to reply before January 1st, according to the deci­ sions of the preparatory conference of Paris, to the points shown on the questionnaire which was addressed to them by the Executive Committee of the I.O .C . 2.—Oaths.—The I .O .C . having established the principle of individual oaths for all competitors to the Olympic Games, is it necessary to spread or generalize its application ? 3.—Sport Teaching.—The need of impressing by every means, the teach­ ing of sport in a sense of loyalty, of “fair play,” and a chivalrous intent. 4.—Limitation of the Program of the Games. (a) Measures taken by the I .O .C .—final resolutions. (b) Maximum number of entries for each kind of event. 5.—Rating.—Various kinds of rating. 6 .—Juries.—Respective powers of the Juries. Note to be taken of the rulings of the Honor Jury. Travel expenses of the Judges. 7.—'Definition and extent of powers of the National Olympic Committees. 8 .—Is it permissible to allow a change in a technical rule during the course of the Games? 9.—General questions concerning the coming Games. 10.—Special questions concerning the Winter Sports; scheme for a sep­ arate cycle. 11.—Communication from the International Federation of Foot-Ball Asso­ ciation concerning the local eliminations. 12.—Travel and Housing.—Possibility and costs of an International orga­ nization of Travel. Questions concerning the housing of athletes.

Extracts from the Rules of the Congress The Congress is composed of:

1 .—Of members of the International Olympic Committee. 2.—Of delegates from the National Olympic Committees. 3.—Of delegates from International Sporting Federations.

Each National Olympic Committee and each International Amateur Fed­ eration is entitled to two delegates. Countries having no National Olympic Committee may, with the consent of the I.O .C., send a delegate. All national delegates should reside in the country they represent and be citizens of that country. The names of the delegates must be sent to the seat of the I .O .C . at least two weeks before the opening of the Congrss, to permit the I.O .C . to provide the registry before the session. N .B .—All communications regarding the Technical Congress should be addressed to Count H. de Baillet-Latour, 23 Rue du Trone, at Brussels, Belgium. The Executive Committee of the International Olympic Committee which is studying the question of amateurism from the Olympic point of view has decided to ask the International Federations and the National Olympic Com­ mittees the following questions: 1. Can a professional of any sport be or become an amateur in other sports ? 2. Should the meeting of a professional and an amateur be considered a reason for disqualification for the amateur? 3. Should professionalism be encouraged as a kind of safety valve ? 4. Should professional sport be regulated by the same Federations that regulate amateur sports? 5. Should a distinction be made between a teacher and a professional ? (By a teacher, we mean one who teaches a sport exercise for a pecuniary remuneration.) 6 . Should a distinction be made between teachers who teach sports to amateurs and those who make a business of teaching professionals ? 7. Should a distinction be made between various classes of sport? 8 . Can a teacher be an amateur at sports that he does not teach? 9. Can a teacher who has definitely given up a sport that he was teach­ ing, requalify as an amateur at that sport? 10. Should a retribution received as a salary, be considered as an indirect pecuniary remuneration, obtained by the athlete in the practice of sport? 11. Should this compensation be paid to the athlete directly or to his employer to compensate the latter for the loss of services that the athlete’s absence caused him and to whom he continues to pay his wages or his salary? Should this compensation be paid for the training period or only for the necessary periods of the athlete’s participation at the games? 12. As the International Olympic Committee has decided to institute taking of oaths for the Olympic Games, is it necessary to extend this prac­ tice of taking oaths? 13. Can the taking of separate oaths be made obligatory? 14. Is swearing in a sufficient guarantee that the established formula does not remain a dead letter, or is it necessary, as a measure of precaution, to institute for each sport, a national committee, whose duty it should be to grasp at the root any doubtful amateurism and to eradicate the causes that give birth to the evil ? This Committee would also make inquiries as soon as an athlete’s situation gives rise to criticism and would fix a schedule of penalties which, as a maximum punishment, would put him in the profes­ sional class.

M e h l -R o k m e r S u l l i v a n , P r i n t e r s , 9 0 G o l d S t . SUMMARY OF TH E PARIS OLYMPIC GAMES, 1924