SMART CITIES INDIA READINESS GUIDE The planning manual for building tomorrow’s cities today
Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 1 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Smart Cities India Readiness Guide®
The planning manual for building tomorrow’s cities today
© 2016 SMART CITIES COUNCIL
Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 2 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Acknowledgments
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7KLV*XLGHZDVZULWWHQDQGHGLWHGE\6PDUW&LWLHV&RXQFLO)RXQGHUDQG'LUHFWRU3UDWDS3DGRGH(GLWRULDO'LUHFWRU)DOJXQL 3DGRGH(GLWRUDQG6PDUW&LWLHV([SHUW'DUVKDQD0DOLDQGUHVHDUFKDVVLVWDQWV6XSUL\D*DZGHDQG6XUHNKD (PDLO 3UDWDS3DGRGH#LQGLDVPDUWFLWLHVFRXQFLOFRP Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 3 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction to smart cities 2. How To Use The India Readiness Guide 3. Universal 4. Smart People 5. Built Environment 6. Energy 7. Telecommunications 8. Transportation 9. Water And Wastewater 10. Waste Management 11. Health And Human Services 12. Public Safety 13. Finance And Payments 14. Ideas To Action Appendix Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 4 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Introduction To Introduction 1 Smart Cities Smart Welcome to the Smart Cities India Readiness Guide. This document was assembled with input from many of the world’s leading smart city practitioners — the members and advisors of the Smart Cities Council India and Smart Cities Council. It will help you create a vision for the future of your own city. Equally important, it will help you build an action plan to get to that better future. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 5 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES KURXJKWKH,QGLD5HDGLQHVV*XLGHWKH¿UVW 7KLVLQWURGXFWRU\VHFWLRQGH¿QHVVPDUWFLWLHV and foremost goal is to give you a ‘vision’ and then explores the current environment and including city governments, schools, hospitals, of a smart city, to help you understand GULYHUVRIVPDUWFLWLHVLQ,QGLD7KHQLWORRNVDW infrastructure, resources, businesses and Thow technology will transform the cities the various supporting government missions. people. As you’ll read, smart technologies have of tomorrow and how people will contribute in And, then it discusses some of the barriers matured to the point that cities of all sizes can enhancing and realising the transformation. FLWLHVPD\IDFHDQGEHQH¿WVLWZLOOEULQJ DϑRUGDQGEHQH¿WIURPWKHLULPSOHPHQWDWLRQ )RUH[DPSOHQHZFORXGFRPSXWLQJRϑHULQJV The second goal is to help you construct your DOORZHYHQWKHVPDOOHVWFLW\WRDϑRUGDEO\ own roadmap to that future. It suggests the tap into enormous computing power. So the goals to which you should aspire, the features lessons of this Guide apply regardless of size and functions you should specify, the best Taking a holistic and you’ll see real-world examples in the case practices that will gain you the maximum studies featured throughout. EHQH¿WVIRUWKHPLQLPXPFRVWDWUHGXFHGULVNview of ‘city’ and the collaborative environment you should The transition to smart cities will be a long and gradual one. Ten years from now, the transition create to envisage and assimilate all aspects of %HIRUHZHGH¿QHWKH¶VPDUWµSLHFHKRZHYHU will have been made in the minds of citizens smart cities together. ZHVKRXOG¿UVWGHDOZLWKWKHZRUG¶FLW\µ5HDO DQGGHFLVLRQPDNHUV:HZLOOKDYHPDQ\VPDUW world smart city examples are rarely a city in city pilots providing new insights for future The India Readiness Guide is intended for the strictest term. Many are more than a single projects and developments. mayors, city managers, city planners and city, such as a metropolitan region, a cluster WKHLUVWDϑV,WKHOSVFLWLHVKHOSWKHPVHOYHVE\ of cities, counties and groups of counties, providing objective, vendor-neutral information a collection of nearby towns or a regional WRPDNHFRQ¿GHQWHGXFDWHGFKRLFHVDERXWWKH coalition. Other examples are less than a full- technologies that can transform a city. scale city, such as districts, neighbourhoods, townships, villages, campuses and military Ƥ &LWLHVDURXQGWKHZRUOGDUHDOUHDG\PDNLQJ EDVHV,QGHHGPDQ\PXQLFLSDOLWLHVDUHWDNLQJ a smart city tremendous progress in achieving economic, a neighbourhood-by-neighbourhood approach environmental and social sustainability, in the to modernisation. This Guide is designed to The advancement in technologies and open, creation of 21st century jobs. All of these are address all of these human ecosystems. excellent ways to improve city living standards collaborative partnerships will drive the speed and magnitude of changes. Collaborative and economies. The concept of smart cities Because it is in common use, we will continue LQQRYDWLRQDQGLQWHJUDWLRQLVWKHNH\WR GRHVQ¶WFRPSHWHZLWKWKHVHHϑRUWV,QVWHDG to use ’city‘ throughout this Guide. But we transformation of smart cities, today and in the smart city technologies can support and use it to mean all relevant examples big and future. HQKDQFHZRUNDOUHDG\XQGHUZD\ VPDOO5HJDUGOHVVRIVL]HZHDUHWDNLQJD comprehensive, holistic view that includes the entirety of human activity in an area, Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 6 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES A smart city uses information and communications technology (ICT) to enhance $VPDUWFLW\WKHQLVRQHWKDWNQRZVDERXW LWVOLYDELOLW\ZRUNDELOLW\DQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\,Q LWVHOIDQGPDNHVLWVHOIPRUHNQRZQWRLWV simplest terms, there are three parts to that populace. No longer do we have to wonder if job: collecting, communicating and ’crunching’. a street is congested — the street reports its First, a smart city collects information about condition. No longer do we have to wonder if itself through sensors, other devices and ZH¶UHORVLQJZDWHUWROHDNV²WKHVPDUWZDWHU existing systems. Next, it communicates that QHWZRUNGHWHFWVDQGUHSRUWVOHDNVDVVRRQDV GDWDXVLQJZLUHGRUZLUHOHVVQHWZRUNV7KLUGLW they occur. No longer do we have to guess the ’crunches’ (analyses) that data to understand SURJUHVVRIWKHFLW\¶VJDUEDJHWUXFNV²WKH ZKDW¶VKDSSHQLQJQRZDQGZKDW¶VOLNHO\WR WUXFNVUHSRUWZKHUHWKH\¶YHEHHQDOUHDG\DQG happen next. where they are headed next. Communicating data. Once you’ve collected Collecting data.Smart devices are logically the data, you need to send it along. smart located throughout the city to measure and cities typically mix and match a variety of wired monitor conditions. For instance, smart and wireless communications pathways, from meters can measure electricity, gas and water ¿EUHRSWLFWRFHOOXODUWRFDEOH7KHXOWLPDWH XVDJHZLWKJUHDWDFFXUDF\6PDUWWUDϒF goal is to have connectivity everywhere, to sensors can report on road conditions and every person and every device. Interoperability congestion. Smart GPS gear can pinpoint LVDNH\UHTXLUHPHQW the exact locations of the city’s buses or the whereabouts of emergency crews. Automated weather stations can report conditions. And the mobile devices carried by many city dwellers are also sensors that can — when VSHFL¿FDOO\DXWKRULVHGE\WKHLUXVHUVWRGR so — collect their position, speed, where they FOXVWHUDWGLϑHUHQWWLPHVRIWKHGD\DQGWKH environmental conditions around them. Smart phones also gauge an always-local, perpetually renewable but inherently limited natural resource — radiofrequency spectrum — that smart cities depend on and will ultimately need to manage. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 7 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES 1. Presenting information tells us what’s going on right now. In the aerospace and defence industries, they call this “situational awareness.” Software monitors WKHKXJHÀRZRILQFRPLQJGDWDWKHQ summarises and visualises it in a way WKDWPDNHVLWHDV\IRUKXPDQRSHUDWRUV to understand. For instance, a smart operations centre can monitor all aspects of an emergency situation, including WKHDFWLRQVDQGORFDWLRQVRISROLFH¿UH DPEXODQFHVWUDϒFGRZQHGSRZHUOLQHV closed streets and much more. 2. Perfecting operations uses the power of computers to optimise complex systems. For instance, balancing the supply and GHPDQGRQDQHOHFWULFLW\QHWZRUNRU Smart cities collect, Crunching data. After collecting and V\QFKURQLVLQJWUDϒFVLJQDOVWRPLQLPLVH communicate and crunch communicating the data, you analyse it for congestion, or selecting the ideal routes data: one of these three purposes: 1) presenting, IRUDGHOLYHU\ÀHHWWRPLQLPLVHWLPHDQG 2) perfecting or 3) predicting. If you’ve read fuel costs, or optimising the energy usage of an entire high-rise to achieve maximum The city of Rio de Janeiro collects about “analytics” or “Big Data,” then you may LQIRUPDWLRQIURPGLϑHUHQWFLW\ DOUHDG\NQRZDERXWWKHDVWRQLVKLQJWKLQJV comfort, or to balance the grid with the departments about transportation, that become possible by analysing large optimal mix of renewable and traditional water, energy, weather, and other amounts of data. Importantly, analysing data power sources at any given point of time. conditions. Then it communicates those conditions to powerful turns information into intelligence that helps SHRSOHDQGPDFKLQHVWRDFWDQGPDNHEHWWHU computers, which crunch the data and 3. Predicting what’s next is perhaps the SUHVHQWLWLQDXQL¿HGFRQWUROFHQWHU decisions. This begins a virtual cycle wherein most exciting part of analytics. Singapore the city developed with IBM. Not GDWDLVPDGHXVHIXOSHRSOHPDNHXVHRIWKDW only does the city gain full situational XVHVGDWDWRSUHGLFWWUDϒFMDPVZKLOHWKHUH data to improve decisions and behaviour, awareness, it can even predict some LVVWLOOWLPHWRPLQLPLVHWKHLUHϑHFWV5LR which in turn means more and better data conditions in advance, such as where GH-DQHLURSUHGLFWVMXVWZKHUHÀRRGLQJ ÀRRGVZLOORFFXUGXULQJVHYHUHVWRUPV is collected, and thereby further improving will occur from a particular storm, so decisions and behaviour. HPHUJHQF\FUHZVNQRZMXVWZKHUHWRJR Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 8 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Livability, workability and sustainability are the goals: OTHER SMART CITY DEFINITIONS KH&RXQFLOGH¿QHVDVPDUWFLW\DVRQHWKDW³XVHV subways, airports, seaports, communications, water, information and communications technology power, even major buildings – can better optimize its Livability, ,&7 WRHQKDQFHLWVOLYDELOLW\ZRUNDELOLW\DQG resources, plan its preventive maintenance activities, workability and Tsustainability.” Other organizations have their and monitor security aspects while maximizing services sustainability are RZQGH¿QLWLRQV)RULQVWDQFH)RUUHVWHU5HVHDUFK to its citizens.” the goals: emphasizes the use of computing to monitor infrastructure and improve services: “The use of Meanwhile, in 2010 IBM’s Journal of Research and Smart cities use VPDUWFRPSXWLQJWHFKQRORJLHVWRPDNHWKHFULWLFDO Development paid particular attention to the wide information and infrastructure components and services of a city range of smart devices that collect information, calling communications – which include city administration, education, it “an instrumented, interconnected and intelligent city.” technologies to achieve healthcare, public safety, real estate, transportation them. Seoul, South and utilities – more intelligent, interconnected and 7KHVHDQGRWKHUGH¿QLWLRQVDUHYDOLGDQGKHOSIXOXQGHU Korea – pictured here – is often cited as one of HϒFLHQW´ standings of what smart cities are. The Council stands the world’s most vibrant, EHKLQGLWVFRPSUHKHQVLYHGH¿QLWLRQ%XWZHPHQWLRQ sustainable cities. 7KH862ϒFHRI6FLHQWL¿FDQG7HFKQLFDO,QIRUPDWLRQ these others so that cities that have planned and also stresses infrastructure, explaining that “a city that invested under these and other models will understand monitors and integrates conditions of all of its critical that we share complementary, not competitive, views infrastructures -including roads, bridges, tunnels, rails, of the smart city. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 9 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES As we’ll see in more detail, a smart city is a system of systems — water, power, transportation, emergency response, built HQYLURQPHQWHWF²ZLWKHDFKRQHDϑHFWLQJ all the others. In the last few years, we’ve UH¿QHGRXUDELOLW\WRPHUJHPXOWLSOHGDWD streams and mine them for amazing insights. It is those insights — presenting, perfecting and predicting — deployed in a creative way WKDWHQKDQFHWKHOLYDELOLW\ZRUNDELOLW\DQG sustainability of a smart city. The drivers of smart cities 3RZHUIXOIRUFHVDUHFRQYHUJLQJWRPDNHVPDUW cities a growing trend all around the world. It is valuable for city leaders to understand what’s behind this momentum and how it will play out in their region. Chances are some of the pain points described below will hit close to home. Growing urbanisation: &LWLHVFDQGHULYHEHQH¿WE\FROOHFWLQJ communicating and analysing information from Growing urbanisation. Cities deliver many Cities provide lucrative employment DVLQJOHGHSDUWPHQW%XWWKHJUHDWHVWEHQH¿WV opportunities, greater access to come when data is connected with multiple EHQH¿WV²JUHDWHUHPSOR\PHQWRSSRUWXQLWLHV healthcare and education, and departments and third parties. Many cities greater access to healthcare and education, greater access to entertainment, FRPELQHKLVWRULFWUDϒFGDWDZLWKLQIRUPDWLRQ and greater access to entertainment, culture culture and the arts. As a result, and the arts. As a result, people are moving to people are moving to cities at an about population growth and business cities at an unprecedented rate. unprecedented rate. By 2031, cities H[SDQVLRQWRNQRZZKHQDQGZKHUHWRDGG will account for nearly 70% of India’s or subtract bus and train routes. Other cities GDP and about 600 million people correlate multiple data sources to predict crime are expected to live in India’s cities, the way we predict weather. according to the World Bank. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 10 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Although India is on the path to have a great number of people in cities in less than a GLϒFXOWJURZLQJSDLQVUDQJLQJIURP leads to severe competition between cities decade, the proportion of Indian citizens living LQFUHDVLQJSROOXWLRQWUDϒFFRQJHVWLRQSRRU to secure investments, jobs, businesses and in cities is still low — 31% urbanisation rate KHDOWKFDUHLQVXϒFLHQWZDWHUDQGVDQLWDWLRQ talent for economic success. Increasingly, compared to a rate of 54% (758 million) in systems, crowding and sprawl to inadequate both businesses and individuals evaluate China, 53% (134 million) in Indonesia and a housing, high unemployment, and rising crime a city’s ’technology quotient‘ in deciding whopping 85% (173 million) in Brazil. By 2031, rates and security issues. where to locate. A real challenge for cities cities will account for nearly 70% of India’s Inadequate infrastructure.Urbanisation is with economies based on heavy industry is GDP and about 600 million people are expected SXWWLQJVLJQL¿FDQWVWUDLQRQFLW\LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV creating job opportunities that appeal to recent WROLYHLQ,QGLD¶VFLWLHVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH:RUOG that were, in most cases, built for populations university graduates so that they will stay and %DQN a fraction of their current size. Much of the KHOSEXLOGWKHNLQGRIKLJKTXDOLW\ZRUNIRUFH developed world has infrastructure that that new industries, for instance those in Moreover, India’s urban growth is largely is near or past its design life, requiring technology, demand. concentrated in large cities with a population massive upgrades. For instance, in 2013 the of 100,000 or more. Three of India’s cities Growing expectations.Citizens are American Society of Civil Engineers gave are among the top most populous in the increasingly getting instant, anywhere, the United States an overall grade of D+ for ZRUOG±'HOKL PLOOLRQ UDQNLQJLQWKHWRS anytime, personalised access to information its infrastructure. Meanwhile, much of the ¿YHIROORZHGE\0XPEDLDQG.RONDWD$VD and services via mobile devices and developing world has missing or inadequate result, the number of cities with a population computers. And they increasingly expect infrastructure, requiring massive build-outs. exceeding 1 million has increased from 35 in WKHVDPHNLQGRIDFFHVVWRFLW\VHUYLFHV,Q 7KHEODFNRXWLQ,QGLDWKDWOHIWPRUHWKDQ 2001 to 53 in 2011, and is expected to be 87 fact, a May 2013 United Nations survey of 600 million people without electricity is a prime by 2030. Conversely, population growth in over 560,000 citizens from 194 countries example; the country has inadequate power smaller towns and cities (of below 100,000 revealed that their top priorities are a good generation to meet ever-increasing demand. people) has tended to stagnate and even education, better healthcare and an honest 7KHERWWRPOLQH"0F.LQVH\ &RPSDQ\ decline — with the share of the population in DQGUHVSRQVLYHJRYHUQPHQW:HDOVRNQRZWKDW estimates that cities will need to double their towns decreasing from 31% in 2001 to 28%. people want to live in cities that can provide capital investment by 2025, to $20 trillion from HϒFLHQWWUDQVSRUWDWLRQKLJKEDQGZLGWK today’s $10 trillion per year. FRPPXQLFDWLRQVDQGKHDOWK\MREPDUNHWV Growing stress.Such high concentration of people in Indian cities pose many challenges Growing economic competition. India is to municipalities and local authorities, among facing a dual problem; in search of better them mass migration, environmental and employment opportunities and quality of regulatory requirements, declining tax bases life, there are two growing trends — mass and budgets and increased costs — at the migration to large Indian cities as well as same time many cities are experiencing the best talent leaving the country. This Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 11 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Rapidly improving Hundreds of millions of smart meters and technology smart sensors are now in place, producing capabilities: data of value to a smart city. The reduced costs :LWKWKHDUULYDORIVPDUWWKHUPRVWDWVDQG of solar energy and building management systems, there are renewables systems now millions of buildings with some of the (distributed generation) pieces needed to be smart, on the cusp of are increasing adoption rapidly in homes and EHLQJDEOHWRµWDON¶DQGµOLVWHQ¶ businesses. By balancing these new resources • The reduced costs of solar energy and re- with the grid, cities can newables systems (distributed generation) increase their energy are increasing adoption rapidly in homes sustainability. and businesses. By balancing these new resources with the grid, cities can increase their energy sustainability. • On the health and human services front, we’re seeing better access to healthcare with in-home consultations via computers. Meanwhile, most agencies are switching to electronic records and many are using analytics to improve results. Growing environmental challenges.Cities Rapidly improving technology capabilities. house half of the world’s population but Many of the smart city drivers listed above are • An increasing number of cities are starting use two-thirds of the world’s energy and negatives — problems that demand solutions. WREHQH¿WIURPDODUJHQHWZRUNRI1HDU generate three-fourths of the world’s CO2 There are positive drivers as well, especially ¿HOG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ 1)& HTXLSSHGSRLQW emissions. If we are going to mitigate climate the rapid progress in technology. The costs of sales with the rollout of contactless change, it will have to happen in cities. of collecting, communicating and crunching cards. Many regions and cities have aggressive GDWDKDYHSOXQJHG:KDW¶VPRUHPXFKRIWKH climate and environmental goals — goals that needed technology is already in place: cannot be reached without the help of smart technologies. Smart cities are better able to • Over the last decade, many regions have address resiliency and adaptation to climate begun to modernise their electric power change. JULGVDQGWKHLUZDWHUDQGJDVQHWZRUNV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 12 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES • Our highways and byways are becoming place, that technology provides the basis for amoney because they can build one solution VPDUWHUWKDQNVWRLQWHOOLJHQWWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ wide range of innovative smart city applicationsDQGVHOOLWWRPDQ\GLϑHUHQWXVHUVJDLQLQJ management software, roadway sensors and services. tremendous economies of scale. Users save DQGVPDUWSDUNLQJDSSV1DYLJDWLRQDSSV money because they don’t have to buy and DQGHTXLSPHQWGLVSOD\UHDOWLPHWUDϒFVR Rapidly declining technology costs. Even as maintain giant data centres or hire and train XVHUVFDQ¿QG²DQGHYHQEHDXWRPDWLFDOO\capabilities are climbing, technology costs are ODUJH,7VWDϑV2QO\DIHZ\HDUVDJRDGYDQFHG pointed to — less congested alternatives. plummeting. Hardware costs are declining at a applications were available only to the very And we are seeing more electric vehicles steady pace. But it is software costs that have biggest agencies and corporations. Today — on our roads which help reduce pollution SOXQJHGWKHPRVWWKDQNVWRIRXUWUHQGV WKDQNVWRFORXGFRPSXWLQJ²WKH\DUHQRW and our dependence on oil. out of reach for even the smallest township. 7KH¿UVWWUHQGLVWKHDGYHQWRILQH[SHQVLYH And they are available without a giant upfront • Over the last two decades, we have mobile apps and information services viewable investment, simply by paying a monthly fee. GHSOR\HGKLJKEDQGZLGWKQHWZRUNV by mobile phones. Those phones are so worldwide that connect one billion popular that millions of developers have The fourth trend is about the data. From computers and four billion cell phones. turned their attention to building applications, an analytics perspective, we can now cost- 7KHVHQHWZRUNVDUHDOUHDG\LQSODFH many of which cost only a few dollars. Mobile HϑHFWLYHO\KDQGOHWKHKLJKYROXPHYHORFLW\ in almost all major cities and can be technology has allowed citizens of developing and variety of data – e.g., Big Data. leveraged for smart city applications. countries to essentially leapfrog into 21st FHQWXU\H[SHFWDWLRQV²DQGFLWLHVKDYHWR¿QG /HW¶VFRQVLGHUWKDW¿QDOH[DPSOHLQPRUH ways to address them. And there’s much more to come. The smart detail. It’s important to realise that today’s city is part of an even larger trend — the ubiquitous smartphones are becoming both a The second trend is the arrival of social media. “Internet of Things”. Technology provider ¶GHOLYHU\SODWIRUPµDQGD¶VHQVRUQHWZRUNµIRU $SSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDV)DFHERRNDQG7ZLWWHUDFW Cisco estimates there were 200 million devices smart city applications. The delivery platform as free ’platforms‘ to deliver alerts, updates connected to the Internet in the year 2000. By is obvious – a smartphone is a great place or even small-scale apps. They also act as 2012, that number had increased to 10 billion. for a resident to receive alerts and access ’listening posts‘ that help cities monitor citizen A 2015 report from Cisco and DHL predicts city services. But today’s smartphones can needs and preferences. In fact, companies there will be 50 billion devices connected to the also be leveraged to collect information when such as IBM and Microsoft now have the Internet by 2020. the user agrees to share data. For instance, capability to use machine intelligence to one smartphone launched in 2013 has the monitor social media and derive trends. No surprise the world’s biggest corporations following sensors: a GPS locator, a microphone, and brightest entrepreneurs are racing to bring a gyroscope, a light sensor, a camera, an The third trend is the maturation of cloud WKHLUEHVWLGHDVWRWKLVPDUNHW$QGWKH¿HUFH accelerometer, a barometer, a thermometer, computing. Cloud computing delivers powerful competition is raising capabilities, increasing a magnetometer and a hygrometer. Once in solutions via the Internet. Suppliers save choice and lowering costs at a rapid pace, PDNLQJ6PDUWFLWLHVPRUHYLDEOHHYHU\GD\ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 13 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Expensive Building a smart city requires a system-wide redundancies: view and an integrated, cross-departmental DSSURDFK7KHEDGQHZV KROLVWLFWKLQNLQJDQG Despite the fact FROODERUDWLYHZRUNDUHKDUG7KHJRRGQHZV that modern IT done right, they can save time and enable new architectures make it services that were not possible in an isolated, possible to connect siloed model. For instance, a city department city departments and solutions today,far too can drastically cut the development time for a many cities still use a new application by re-using data and software “siloed” approach to modules already created by other depart- smart city applications. ments. A municipal water utility can drastical- O\FXWWKHFRVWRIDFRPPXQLFDWLRQVQHWZRUN by using one already built out for an electric utility. And a city can sometimes reduce overall information and communications technology (ICT) costs by as much as 25% just by imple- menting a master ICT architecture and tech- nology roadmap. 7KLVLVQRWWRVXJJHVWWKDWFLWLHVPXVW¿QDQFH and implement dozens of investments at one WLPH,QIDFWLWLVHQWLUHO\¿QHWREHJLQZLWK The barriers to smart cities MXVWRQHRUWZRSURMHFWV:KDWLVFULWLFDOLVWKDW these projects all fall into a larger, integrated Despite the powerful drivers directing this Siloed, piecemeal implementations.Cities plan so that city investments are not redun- movement, the path to smart cities has RIWHQWDFNOHFKDOOHQJHVLQDSLHFHPHDOIDVKLRQ dant. Silo avoidance depends on the use of VLJQL¿FDQWREVWDFOHVDORQJWKHZD\6PDUW GXHWRVKRUWWHUP¿QDQFLDOFRQVWUDLQWVDQG widely adopted open international standards. FLWLHVDUHQRWDTXLFNRQHWLPHZLQ*LYHQ long-term traditions that divide city functions the long investment cycles, they require a into separate, ’siloed‘ departments with little Most experts agree that technology will not be FRQWLQXRXVDQGSURORQJHGHϑRUWLQRUGHUWR interaction. As a result, many projects are built the gating factor for the smart city transforma- be successful. Members of the smart cities to solve a single problem in a single depart- tion. Instead, we will be limited by our human &RXQFLOKDYHZRUNHGRQWKRXVDQGVRIVPDUW ment, creating ’islands of automation‘ that ability to coordinate and collaborate between city projects all over the world. As they’ve GXSOLFDWHH[SHQVHVZKLOHPDNLQJLWGLϒFXOWWR departmental and technology silos. collaborated with local governments, certain share systems or data. consistent barriers have emerged. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 14 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES /DFNRI¿QDQFLQJ7D[UHYHQXHVDUHVKULQNLQJ LQPDQ\FLWLHVPDNLQJLQIUDVWUXFWXUHSURMHFWV LQFUHDVLQJO\GLϒFXOWWR¿QDQFH,QIDFWVRPH cities have been forced to implement austerity measures — such as furloughing employees RQHGD\DPRQWKRUFXWWLQJEDFNRQWUDYHO and discretionary expenses. Yet if those cities remain old-fashioned while others modernise, WKH\ZLOOVXϑHUHYHQPRUHVLQFHFLWLHVPXVW now compete globally. Fortunately, new ¿QDQFLDOPRGHOVDUHHPHUJLQJ$QGSD\PHQW LQQRYDWLRQVOLNHHSURFXUHPHQWRUHOHFWURQLF EHQH¿WVFDQKHOSFLWLHVUHGXFHFRVWVDQGIUHH up money to invest in infrastructure and other improvements. Some of them require little or no upfront capital from the city. Instead, the city “rents” its solution as it goes. And performance contracts and shared revenue models between the city and solution vendors SURYLGHFLWLHVZLWKDWWUDFWLYH¿QDQFLQJ VROXWLRQV:KDW¶VPRUHPDQ\VPDUWFLW\ The barriers to smart GXHWRODFNRILQWHUIDFHVDQGWRROVGHYHORSHG VROXWLRQVKDYHDUDSLGSD\EDFNVRWKDWWKH\ cities: citizens are not yet fully acquainted with save money over the long run. In many cases, the power that they have to manage their the technology can actually improve the city’s resources. Since smart cities are essentially Despite the powerful drivers in economic return. favor, the path to smart cities the injection of ICT into every phase of has obstacles along the way. RSHUDWLRQVWKLVODFNRI,&7VNLOOVSXWVFLWLHVDW Sometimes it comes down to a disadvantage. lack of a smart city visionary. Lack of ICT knowhow.Although industry KDVGHYHORSHGKLJKO\VRSKLVWLFDWHG,&7VNLOOV Fortunately, more and more applications are few city governments have had the budget or EHLQJRϑHUHGDVDVHUYLFH7KDWLVWKH\DUH the vision to push state-of-the-art solutions. hosted in the cloud (out on the Internet) Another plus is that the smart city sector has In India, technologies have been adapted where they have access to tremendous developed a large cadre of experienced global, DWDEULVNSDJHRYHUWKHODVWFRXSOHRI\HDUV computing power virtually unlimited storage regional and local consultants and service especially with growth in smartphones and and innovative software. providers who are partnering with cities to social media. However, going into the future, deploy ICT solutions. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 15 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES water usage, their taxes and fees, their social VHUYLFHVSURJUDPVDQGPRUH$QGLGHDVOLNH Open Data not only improve transparency, they HQIRUFHDFLWL]HQ¿UVWSHUVSHFWLYHWKDWLVFULWLFDO in smart cities. Lack of citizen engagement.The smart FLWLHVPRYHPHQWLVRIWHQKHOGEDFNE\DODFN of clarity about what a smart city is and what it can do for citizens. As a result, many VWDNHKROGHUVDUHXQDZDUHRIWKHVPDUWFLW\ options that have found success already. Cities need to recognise when they need citizen and business awareness versus complete ‘buy-in.’ Remedying the citizen engagement challenge will require visionary leadership that paints a SLFWXUHRIWKHEHQH¿WVWHFKQRORJ\FDQEULQJ,Q the US in the late 2000s, several electric power utilities learned this lesson the hard way. They Lack of integrated services.The extent of rolled out smart meters without explaining The barriers to ICT applied by the cities in the past was to KRZFXVWRPHUVZRXOGEHQH¿W7KH\VXϑHUHG smart cities: their internal, siloed operations. The result has FRQVXPHUEDFNODVKDQGUHVLVWDQFHDVDUHVXOW been a grab-bag of aging applications that only Despite the powerful city employees can use. Although this was an drivers in favor, the acceptable practice in the last century, today Lack of a smart city visionary.Every parade path to smart cities has we can and must allow citizen access and self- obstacles along the way. needs a leader. Sometimes that leadership service. There is no reason that citizens who Sometimes it comes FRPHVIURPDQHOHFWHGRϒFLDO²DPD\RU want, for instance, to open a restaurant should down to lack of a smart or council person who acts as the smart city KDYHWRPDNHPXOWLSOHDSSOLFDWLRQVWRPXOWLSOH city visionary.Cities need champion. smart city leadership can also come a smart city champion – city departments. In a smart city, a single from elsewhere in the administration — a city a mayor, a city manager, portal can gather all the data and parcel it a planning director. manager or a planning director, for instance. RXWWRWKHDSSURSULDWHGHSDUWPHQWV/LNHZLVH Or it can come with involvement from business residents should have instant access to up-to- leaders, civic organisations or public-private the-minute information about their energy and partnerships. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 16 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Achieve inclusivity: DRIVING FINANCIAL INCLUSION THROUGH SKILL DEVELOPMENT KH1DWLRQDO6NLOO'HYHORSPHQW&RUSRUDWLRQ NSDC collaborated with Council member MasterCard to (NSDC), a Public Private Partnership initiative of devise a model to facilitate electronic disbursement of Achieve inclusivity: WKH*RYHUQPHQWRI,QGLDDLPVWRSURPRWHVNLOO WKLVEHQH¿W0DVWHU&DUGEURXJKWLQDEDQNSDUWQHUZLWK GHYHORSPHQWE\IXQGLQJµIRUSUR¿W¶YRFDWLRQDO DWUXVWHGQDPHWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKHSURJUDP7KHEDQN T The program has been WUDLQLQJLQVWLWXWLRQVWKDWSURYLGHVNLOOVEDVHGWUDLQLQJWR opens current accounts for training institutions as well a big success with WKH\RXWKPDNLQJWKHPHPSOR\DEOH16'&KDVVHWDQ as zero-balance savings accounts for trainees. about two-thirds of DPELWLRXVWDUJHWRIVNLOOLQJPLOOLRQ\RXWKVE\ the candidates getting $VDSDUWRIWKHDFFRXQWRSHQLQJNLWWKHEDQNLVVXHV employed after passing out. The program 8QGHULWV1DWLRQDO6NLOOV&HUWL¿FDWLRQDQG0RQHWDU\ 0DVWHU&DUG'HELW&DUGVWRWKHWUDLQHHV.HHSLQJWKH DFKLHYHV¿QDQFLDO 5HZDUGV6FKHPH16'&HQFRXUDJHVVNLOOGHYHORSPHQW program construct in mind, trainees’ accounts are inclusion by opening in youth by providing monetary rewards for successful created with a hold that is equal to the course fee and bank accounts for completion of approved training programs. The scheme a provision of one-time auto debit. underprivileged youth VWULYHVWRDFKLHYHVWDQGDUGLVDWLRQLQFHUWL¿FDWLRQ trainees and succeeds in building a lasting SURFHVVDQGFUHDWLRQRIDUHJLVWU\RIVNLOOV8QGHUWKLV Upon successful completion of the course NSDC relationship between scheme, successful candidates receive Rs. 10,000 on WUDQVIHUVVFKRODUVKLSVWRWUDLQHHV¶EDQNDFFRXQW'XHWR the bank and these DQDYHUDJHIRUFRXUVHVWKDWUXQIRUQHDUO\ZHHNV the hold, the fee amount then gets auto-debited from EHQH¿FLDULHV At an estimated total cost of Rs. 10,000 million, about the accounts and credited to the training institutions’ PLOOLRQ\RXWKZHUHWDUJHWHGWREHQH¿WIURPWKLV current account. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 17 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES The hold on the trainees’ accounts is automatically released thereafter. 7KHLQQRYDWLYHSURJUDPFRQVWUXFWKDVHQDEOHGHϒFLHQWGLVEXUVHPHQWRI 7KHUHDIWHUWKHDFFRXQWVJHWFODVVL¿HGDV3D\UROODFFRXQWVIRUUHFHLYLQJ EHQH¿WVWKHUHE\UHGXFLQJOHDNDJH salary/payment credits. The program has been a big success with about two-thirds of the 16'&VXSSRUWVWKHHFRQRPLFVRIWKLVEXVLQHVVPRGHOE\PDNLQJD candidates getting employed after passing out. The program achieves OLPLWHGSHULRG¿[HGGHSRVLWZLWKWKHEDQN2WKHUVRXUFHVRILQFRPH ¿QDQFLDOLQFOXVLRQE\RSHQLQJEDQNDFFRXQWVIRUXQGHUSULYLOHJHG\RXWK IRUWKHEDQNLQFOXGHEDODQFHVLQFXUUHQWDFFRXQWVRSHQHGIRUWUDLQLQJ trainees and succeeds in building a lasting relationship between the institutions and continuing credit balances in trainees’ accounts. EDQNDQGWKHVHEHQH¿FLDULHV Enhanced livabilitymeans a better quality Ƥ of life for city residents on a day-to-day basis — the fundamental infrastructure services that and during major events or crises. In the smart let them compete in the world economy. Those Running today’s cities is becoming increasinglycity, people have access to a comfortable, services include clean, reliable, inexpensive complex and challenging. But the integration clean, engaged, interconnected, healthy and energy; broadband connectivity; educational of innovation and ICT interconnecting the safe lifestyle. Some of the most highly valued RSSRUWXQLWLHV DϑRUGDEOHKRXVLQJDQG various systems in the cities is opening up aspects include inexpensive energy, convenient FRPPHUFLDOVSDFH DQGHϒFLHQWWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ QHZRSSRUWXQLWLHV/HW¶VORRNDWZK\LWLVVR mass transit, good schools, faster emergency Enzhanced sustainability means giving worthwhile to overcome those barriers and responses, clean water and air, low crime and people access to the resources they need WDNHDGYDQWDJHRIWKHWHFKQRORJ\DGYDQFHV access to quality green spaces, entertainment without compromising the ability of future described earlier that allow you to re-imagine and cultural options. Smart cites improve lives generations to meet their own needs. Merriam- your city. of people today and in the future. :HEVWHUGH¿QHVVXVWDLQDELOLW\DVDPHWKRGRI using a resource so that it is not depleted or :LWKWKHULJKWYLVLRQSODQQLQJDQGLQYHVWPHQW SHUPDQHQWO\GDPDJHG:KHQWKH&RXQFLOXVHV JRYHUQPHQWOHDGHUVFDQPDNHRXUFLWLHVPRUH Enhanced workabilitymeans accelerated the term, it refers not only to the environment, OLYHDEOHPRUHZRUNDEOHDQGPRUHVXVWDLQDEOHeconomic development. Put another way, but also to economic realities. Let’s examine those overall goals, which are it means more jobs and better jobs and the very purpose of becoming smart. increased local GDP. In the smart city, people have access to the foundations of prosperity Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 18 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Enhancing livability, workabil- ity and sustainability: REVITALISING D.C.’S RIVER WATERFRONT AND URBAN NEIGHBOURHOODS n a partnership among 19 federal and District of The 30-year, $10 billion project is restoring the Columbia government agencies, the Anacostia ORQJQHJOHFWHG$QDFRVWLD:DWHUIURQWUHFRQQHFWLQJ Enhancing :DWHUIURQW,QLWLDWLYH $:, LVEULQJLQJFRPPXQLWLHV neighborhoods and showcasing their historic and livability, together and residents to the doors of new cultural identity. I workability and businesses. sustainability: Aimed to leverage private investment in the economy $:,LVDWUDLOEOD]LQJHQGHDYRUWKDWLVUHPRYLQJSK\VLFDO DQGSURYLGHDFOHDQHUULYHUHQYLURQPHQW$:,RϑHUV The anacostia projects barri- ers and opening a gateway to the future by UHVLGHQWVDQGEXVLQHVVHVEORFNVRIUHYLWDOL]HGXUEDQ in Washington D.C. WUDQVIRUPLQJDRQFHGLVFRQQHFWHGDQGGH¿FLHQWXUEDQ areas through multi-modal transportation, waterfront is transforming a environment. SDUNVDQGUHFUHDWLRQDUHDV6HUYLQJDVWKHVSLQH once disconnected of the economic revitalization, the transportation DQGGH¿FLHQWXUEDQ &RXQFLOPHPEHU&+0LVZRUNLQJDORQJVLGHWKH'LVWULFW infrastructure is connecting new mixed-use environment. Image: Topos magazine Department of Transportation on this visionary urban GHYHORSPHQWDUHDVDORQJNH\FRUULGRUV7KHFRQYHUVLRQ revital- ization, helping to transform neighborhoods of highways to urban boulevards, improved connectivity in the nation’s capital and create lasting legacies by between neighborhoods and the elimination of regional amplifying their unique strengths. travelers from local streets is improving development RSSRUWXQLWLHVFRPPXWHUWUDϒFÀRZDQGTXDOLW\RIOLIH for local residents. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 19 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Three key aspects of E-Governance.:LQQLQJWKHFRQ¿GHQFHRI smart cities: India’s move towards FLWL]HQVE\DQHϒFLHQWJULHYDQFHUHGUHVVDO formulating smart citiessystem, accountability on government services Sustainability is achieved to respond within time frames for raising at local level through objections, use of information technology (a’la FRQWH[WVSHFL¿FLQLWLDWLYHVIn India, there are multiple missions and Income Tax etc) by integrating social, yojanas are in motion, which are a step in the environmental, and direction of achieving smart and sustainable economic performace. growth. Technology.Universal open protocol systems, Image: CH2M HILL open data, security, privacy, ability to measure Funds are available to the city administration and allocate resources from Digital India, Swachh Bharat Mission, VPDUWFLWLHVHQDEOHWKHHϒFLHQWXVHRI Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, HRIDAY as part Resilience.Disaster management strategy, natural, human and capital assets, and RIGLϑHUHQWSURJUDPV7KHVHSURJUDPVFRPH emergency citizen protection protocol, promote resources and cost saving in times with guidelines as under: rebuilding, reconnecting of austerity, and they are careful stewards of taxpayer dollars. Though sustainability is a Inclusiveness.Planning projects to meet broader concept, in practice the sustainability Land Pooling.,QFOXVLYHQHVV¿QDQFLDOO\ZLVH WKHSURYLVLRQRIEHQFKPDUNVIRUKHDOWKFDUH is achieved primarily through local vision and solution, expedites project execution education, job opportunities LQLWLDWLYHVIRFXVLQJRQWKUHHNH\DVSHFWV² social, environmental, and economic. Transparency.Concrete well incubated plans 5HWUR¿WWLQJPolicies to measure the IRUORQJWHUPDWWUDFW¿UPLQYHVWPHQWVIDLWK HϑHFWLYHQHVVRIXVLQJFXUUHQWOHJDF\ It isn’t about investing huge sums of money in execution and delivery enhances value of systems integrated with new systems and into new infrastructure, it’s about optimising investment WKHLQIUDVWUXFWXUHPDNLQJLWGRPRUHDQG ascertainment of the point of replacement last longer for less. In the smart city, the Financial sustainability.Projects which can sustainability encompasses a broader concept, Social Cost.All projects to be planned and sustain by user charges, capital costs which DFKLHYHGWKURXJKFRQWH[WVSHFL¿FORFDOOHYHO executed bearing in mind social cost which are structured in a gradual gradient, analysis initiatives, enhanced by integrating social, may include inconvenience to citizens, users, of accounts and mapping alongwith need environmental, and economic sustainability. LQYHVWRUVYHUVXVWKHFRVWRIODFNRIIDFLOLW\ assessment of cities/state being installed. Life is better in a smart city — better for people and better for businesses. In the chapters Capacity building. Training for conceptualising WRFRPHZHZLOOGLVFXVVGR]HQVRIVSHFL¿F projects, monitoring, maintenance and EHQH¿WVWKDWDFFUXHWRFLWLHVWKDWHPEUDFHWKHreplacement smart city vision. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 20 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES ,WLVD¿UVWWKDWVXFKDFRPSHWLWLRQLVWDNLQJ RIWKHµVLOR¶HϑHFW)LQDQFLQJFLWLHVLVWKHWKLUG place between cities vying for funds for big obstacle in city development. The only in each of the 100 smart cities, the total development with time lines. Further the city couple of times that a municipal bond issue estimate of investment requirements for DGPLQLVWUDWLRQVDUHZRUNLQJZLWKHPSDQHOHG has been able to raise some funds was once WKHVPDUWFLW\FRPHVWR5VODNKFURUH consultants to draw up plans for competing in 1995 in Gujarat and then another in Tamil over 20 years (with an annual escalation LQWKHFKDOOHQJH:KLOHWKHODUJHUPHWUR Nadu with very mixed results. The municipal of 10 per cent from 2009-20 to 2014-15). cities have had exposure to such plans and ¿QDQFHVKDYHVXϑHUHGGXHWRIUHTXHQWFKDQJHV This translates into an annual requirement projects, it is the smaller cities that are seeing LQFRPPLVVLRQHUVDQGVHQLRURϒFHUVSROLWLFDO of Rs 35,000 crore. One needs to see a revolution in introspection. The Government LQWHUIHUHQFHODFNRIDFFRXQWDELOLW\DQGVR KRZWKHVHSURMHFWVZLOOEH¿QDQFHGDV has introduced the ‘Smart City Challenge’, RQ:LWKDZHDNEDODQFHVKHHWDQGDZHDN the majority of project need would move handing over the onus of planned urbanisation recourse for the lenders, money has not moved through complete private investment or to the states. In the approach to the Smart in this direction. But to sustain cities this is through PPPs (public-private partnership). Cities Mission, the objective is to promote a bridge that we will have to cross. Here are 3. Generating resources by cutting down cities that provide core infrastructure and some other challenges which the Smart Cities wastage. RϑHUTXDOLW\RIOLIHWRFLWL]HQVDFOHDQDQG Mission has to face: Buildings consume nearly sustainable environment and application of 40% of the city energy requirements. ‘smart’ solutions. Yet the guidelines on their ability to 5HWUR¿WWLQJH[LVWLQJOHJDF\FLW\ contain wastage of electricity by use Most of the challenge in building smart infrastructure to make it smart.There of good quality insulation or standards cities lies in the ‘mindset’ of the municipal are a number of latent issues to consider in use of HVAC are left to the choice of FDGUHZKLFKKDVQRWNQRZQEHWWHUWKDQWR when reviewing a smart city strategy. the developers who have no interest in FRPSOHWHµWDVNV¶ZLWKRXWWLPHOLQHVDQGKDV The most important is to determine the curbing the wastage inbuilt in their faulty had absolutely no concept of ‘qualitative H[LVWLQJFLW\¶VZHDNDUHDVWKDWQHHG construction as they are waiting to dispose EHQFKPDUNLQJ¶DQGµFLWL]HQVDWLVIDFWLRQ¶7KH utmost consideration, e.g. 100-per-cent the asset. Green ratings too fall short in FKDOOHQJHKDVGRQHZHOORQWKLV\DUGVWLFN distribution of water supply and sanitation. their audit mechanism and do not pull to mandate the involvement of citizens in The integration of formerly isolated legacy up buildings which fail to adhere to the the city development plans, so submitted. V\VWHPVWRDFKLHYHFLW\ZLGHHϒFLHQFLHV guidelines once year on year. Similarly 7KLVKDV\LHOGHGWKHEUHDNLQJRIWKH¿UVWVLOR FDQEHDVLJQL¿FDQWFKDOOHQJH ZDWHUZDVWDJHWKURXJKOHDNLQJSLSHOLQHV ZKLFKKROGVEDFNFRQVXOWDWLYHDSSURDFKLQ FDXVHVDVWUDLQLQVXSSO\RIGULQNLQJZDWHU building cities. ‘Siloism’ is the bane of city 5DLQZDWHUKDUYHVWLQJLV¿QDOO\QRZPDGH 2. Financing smart cities: The High Power development. The chain of road diggers right mandatory in some states. Higher level of Expert Committee (HPEC) on Investment from the telecom department to the electricity compliance should be mandated through Estimates in Urban Infrastructure has department to the water department, often guidelines with penalties to curb wastage assessed a per-capita investment cost consecutively, is the most legendary example as huge resources can be generated from (PCIC) of Rs 43,386 for a 20-year period. within. 8VLQJDQDYHUDJH¿JXUHRIPLOOLRQSHRSOH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 21 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES 3. Generating resources by cutting down wastage.Buildings consume nearly and subsequent operations and Hence, ‘interoperability’, the ability to 40% of the city energy requirements. maintenance owing to limited recruitment handle complex combinations of smart city Yet the guidelines on their ability to over a number of years along with inability solutions developed by multiple technology contain wastage of electricity by use of the ULBs to attract best of talent at YHQGRUVEHFRPHVYHU\VLJQL¿FDQW of good quality insulation or standards 9. Capacity building programme.Building PDUNHWFRPSHWLWLYHFRPSHQVDWLRQUDWHV in use of HVAC are left to the choice of 6. Three-tier governance.Successful capacity for 100 smart cities is not an the developers who have no interest implementation of smart city solutions HDV\WDVNDQGPRVWDPELWLRXVSURMHFWV in curbing the wastage inbuilt in their QHHGVHϑHFWLYHKRUL]RQWDODQGYHUWLFDO DUHGHOD\HGRZLQJWRODFNRITXDOLW\ faulty construction as they are waiting to coordination between various institutions manpower, both at the centre and state dispose the asset. Green ratings too fall providing various municipal amenities as levels. In terms of funds, only around 5 short in their audit mechanism and do not ZHOODVHϑHFWLYHFRRUGLQDWLRQEHWZHHQ per cent of the central allocation may be pull up buildings which fail to adhere to central government (MoUD), state allocated for capacity building programs WKHJXLGHOLQHVRQFH\HDURQ\HDU:DWHU government and local government agencies that focus on training, contextual research, ZDVWDJHWKURXJKOHDNLQJSLSHOLQHVFDXVHV RQYDULRXVLVVXHVUHODWHGWR¿QDQFLQJ NQRZOHGJHH[FKDQJHDQGDULFKGDWDEDVH DVWUDLQLQVXSSO\RIGULQNLQJZDWHU5DLQ and sharing of best practices and service Investments in capacity building programs ZDWHUKDUYHVWLQJLV¿QDOO\PDGHPDQGDWRU\ delivery processes. KDYHDPXOWLSOLHUHϑHFWDVWKH\KHOSLQ in some states. Higher level of compliance time-bound completion of projects and in should be mandated through guidelines designing programs, developing faculty, with penalties to curb wastage as huge 7. Providing clearances in a timely building databases as well as designing resources can be generated from within. manner.For timely completion of the WRRONLWVGHFLVLRQVXSSRUWV\VWHPVDQG project, all clearances should use online time lag right at the beginning. processes and be cleared in a time- 4. Financial sustainability of ULBs. Most bound manner. A regulatory body should 8/%VDUHQRW¿QDQFLDOO\VHOIVXVWDLQDEOH be set up for all utility services so that 10. Reliability of utility services.For any DQGWDULϑOHYHOV¿[HGE\WKH8/%VIRU DOHYHOSOD\LQJ¿HOGLVPDGHDYDLODEOH smart city in the world, the focus is on providing services often do not mirror WRWKHSULYDWHVHFWRUDQGWDULϑVDUH reliability of utility services, whether it is the cost of supplying the same. Even if VHWLQDPDQQHUWKDWEDODQFHV¿QDQFLDO electricity, water, telephone or broadband additional investments are recovered in a sustainability with quality. services. Smart cities should have phased manner, inadequate cost recovery universal access to electricity 24×7; this is ZLOOOHDGWRFRQWLQXHG¿QDQFLDOORVVHV 8. Dealing with a multivendor not possible with the existing supply and distribution system. Cities need to shift environment.Another major challenge towards renewable sources and focus on 5. Technical constraints of ULBs.Most ULBs in the Indian smart city space is that green buildings and green transport to have limited technical capacity to ensure software infrastructure in cities contains reduce the need for electricity. WLPHO\DQGFRVWHϑHFWLYHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ FRPSRQHQWVVXSSOLHGE\GLϑHUHQWYHQGRUV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 22 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES WKHLGHDLVWRORRNDWFRPSDFWDUHDVFUHDWH governance, e-governance and citizen DUHSOLFDEOHPRGHOZKLFKZLOODFWOLNHDOLJKW participation, safety and security of citizens, house to other aspiring cities. The smart health, education and sustainable urban cities Mission is meant to set examples that environment. The objective of building can be replicated both within and outside the 100 smart cities is to promote adoption of smart city, catalysing the creation of similar VPDUWHUVROXWLRQVIRUHϒFLHQWXVHRIDYDLODEOH smart cities in various regions and parts of the resources, assets and infrastructure. This is to country. enhance the quality of urban life and promote Scope & Strategy a clean and sustainable environment. Under this scheme, 100 selected cities will get The smart city action plans will be implemented funds amounting to Rs.100 crore per year for by Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV) that will be WKHQH[W¿YH\HDUV7KHFLWLHVZLOOEHVHOHFWHG set up for every city and state government to through a ‘city challenge competition’ that will mobilize resources accordingly. be conducted in each state. States will then Financing of smart cities VKRUWOLVWDVPDUWFLW\EDVHGRQVSHFL¿HGQRUPV Special emphasis will be given to participation The smart city Mission will be operated SMART CITIES MISSIONof citizens in prioritizing and planning urban as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) interventions. and the Central Government proposes to The smart cities Mission is an innovative and JLYH¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWWRWKH0LVVLRQWRWKH new initiative by the Government of India to The strategic components of Area-based H[WHQWRI5VFURUHVRYHU¿YH\HDUV drive economic growth and improve the quality development in the smart cities Mission are i.e. on an average Rs. 100 crore per city of life of people by enabling local development FLW\LPSURYHPHQW UHWUR¿WWLQJ FLW\UHQHZDO per year. An equal amount, on a matching and harnessing technology as a means to (redevelopment) and city extension (green basis, will have to be contributed by the create smart outcomes for citizens. ¿HOGGHYHORSPHQW SOXVD3DQFLW\LQLWLDWLYHLQ State/ULB; therefore, nearly Rupees one which Smart Solutions are applied covering ODNKFURUHRI*RYHUQPHQW8/%IXQGVZLOO Purpose larger parts of the city. be available for smart cities development. The objective of the smart cities Mission, is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure Thrust and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and Focus of this mission will be on core application of ‘Smart’ Solutions. The focus is infrastructure services such as clean water on sustainable and inclusive development and supply, power supply, robust IT connectivity, Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 23 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Approach services. The major ICT initiatives of the Approach and Methodology for Digital India Government included, inter alia, some major Programme are: projects such as railway computerization, land record computerization, etc. which focused • Ministries / Departments / States would mainly on the development of information fully leverage the Common and Support systems. ICT Infrastructure established by GoI. DeitY would also evolve/ lay down DIGITAL INDIA Though these e-governance projects were standards and policy guidelines, provide FLWL]HQFHQWULFWKH\FRXOGPDNHOHVVWKDQWKH technical and handholding support, 7KH'LJLWDO,QGLDSURJUDPPHLVDÀDJVKLS desired impact due to their limited features. XQGHUWDNHFDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJ5 'HWF programme of the Government of India with The isolated and less interactive systems a vision to transform India into a digitally revealed major gaps that were thwarting the • The existing/ongoing e-Governance HPSRZHUHGVRFLHW\DQGNQRZOHGJHHFRQRP\ successful adoption of e-governance along initiatives would be suitably revamped to the entire spectrum of governance. They align them with the principles of Digital It was launched on 1 July 2015 by Prime clearly pointed towards the need for a more India. Scope enhancement, Process Minister Narendra Modi. The initiative includes comprehensive planning and implementation 5HHQJLQHHULQJXVHRILQWHJUDWHG plans to connect rural areas with high-speed for the infrastructure, interoperability issues interoperable systems and deployment of LQWHUQHWQHWZRUNV'LJLWDO,QGLDKDVWKUHH to be addressed, etc. to establish a more HPHUJLQJWHFKQRORJLHVOLNHFORXG PRELOH core components. the creation of digital connected government. ZRXOGEHXQGHUWDNHQWRHQKDQFHWKH infrastructure, delivering services digitally and delivery of government services to citizens. Scope digital literacy 6WDWHVZRXOGEHJLYHQÀH[LELOLW\WRLGHQWLI\ A two-way platform will be created where IRULQFOXVLRQDGGLWLRQDOVWDWHVSHFL¿F Vision of Digital India the service providers and the consumers will projects, which are relevant for their socio- EHQH¿W7KHVFKHPHZLOOEHPRQLWRUHGDQG economic needs. The vision of Digital India programme is to administrated by the Digital India Advisory transform India into a digitally empowered group which will be chaired by the Ministry of • e-Governance would be promoted through VRFLHW\DQGNQRZOHGJHHFRQRP\ Communications and IT. It will be an inter- a centralised initiative to the extent Ministerial initiative where all ministries and necessary, to ensure citizen-centric service GHSDUWPHQWVZLOORϑHUWKHLURZQVHUYLFHVWR orientation, interoperability of various Need the public: Healthcare, Education, Judicial, etc. e-Governance applications and optimal The Public–private partnership model will be utilisation of ICT infrastructure/ resources. (JRYHUQDQFHLQLWLDWLYHVLQ,QGLDWRRNDEURDGHUadopted selectively. Also, there are plans to dimension in the mid 1990s for wider sectoral restructure the National Informatics Centre. applications with emphasis on citizen-centric Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 24 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Purpose of professional municipal cadre, devolving The purpose of Atal Mission for Rejuvenation funds and functions to urban local bodies, and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) is to (i) review of building bye-laws, improvement in ensure that every household has access to assessment and collection of municipal taxes, a tap with assured supply of water and a credit rating of urban local bodies, energy sewerage connection; (ii) increase the amenity and water audit and citizen-centric urban value of cities by developing greenery and planning.’ All this would improve the quality ZHOOPDLQWDLQHGRSHQVSDFHV HJSDUNV DQG of urban governance, leading to better citizen (iii) reduce pollution by switching to public satisfaction. transport or constructing facilities for non- PRWRUL]HGWUDQVSRUW HJZDONLQJDQGF\FOLQJ Under the mission, the states will get All these outcomes are valued by citizens, VXEVWDQWLDORSHUDWLRQDOÀH[LELOLW\LQGHVLJQLQJ particularly women, and indicators and VFKHPHVEDVHGRQWKHQHHGVRILGHQWL¿HGFLWLHV standards have been prescribed by the Ministry and also in the execution and monitoring of ATAL MISSION FOR of Urban Development (MoUD) in the form of the schemes. States are expected to submit 6HUYLFH/HYHO%HQFKPDUNV 6/%V REJUVENATION AND the State Annual Action Plans to the Centre for URBAN TRANSFORMATION broad concurrence based on which funds will be released. This is a departure from JNNURM Target wherein, the Union government appraised The AMRUT is conceptualized to replace individual projects. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Under this scheme the government is targeting Funds Allocation Mission (JNNURM) and has been allotted 500 cities, these 500 cities are selected on the Rs.50,000crore. EDVLVRISRSXODWLRQLHRQHODNKDQGDERYH while the other criteria of selection will apply The Cabinet has approved Rs 50,000 crore for The scheme was launched by Prime Minister IRUFHUWDLQORFDWLRQVOLNHWRXULVWSRSXODULW\ this mission which is to be spent over the next NarendraModi in June 2015 with the focus to cities located at the stems of main rivers, ¿YH\HDUV&HQWUDODVVLVWDQFHZLOOEHWRWKH ensure basic infrastructure services relating to certain popular hill towns and some select extent of 50 percent of project cost for cities water supply, sewerage, management, storm islands. DQGWRZQVZLWKDSRSXODWLRQRIXSWRODNK water drains, transport and development of and one-third of the project cost for those with DSRSXODWLRQRIDERYHODNK7KLVDVVLVWDQFH JUHHQVSDFHVDQGSDUNVZLWKVSHFLDOSURYLVLRQ Thrust for meeting the needs of children. will be released in three instalments, in the ratio of 20:40:40, based on the achievement AMRUT implementation would expect urban of milestones indicated in State Annual Action reforms, such as ‘e-governance, constitution Plans. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 25 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES Scope HOUSING FOR ALL rehabilitation grant to any slum rehabilitation The scheme will cover the entire urban area SURMHFWWDNHQIRUGHYHORSPHQWXVLQJODQGDVD Housing for All scheme in India is a vision consisting of 4041 statutory towns with initial resource for providing houses to slum dwellers. of Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India focus on 500 Class I cities and it will be 8QGHUWKH&UHGLW/LQNHG,QWHUHVW6XEVLG\ where all facilities will provide in a place. The implemented in three phases as follows, viz. component, interest subsidy of 6.5 percent JRYHUQPHQWKDVLGHQWL¿HGFLWLHVDQGWRZQV Phase-I (April 2015 - March 2017) to cover on housing loans availed upto a tenure of 15 KDYHEHHQLGHQWL¿HGLQ VWDWHVIRUEHJLQQLQJ 100 Cities to be selected from States/UTs as \HDUVZLOOEHSURYLGHGWR(:6/,*FDWHJRULHV construction of houses for urban poor. per their willingness; Phase - II (April 2017 - wherein the subsidy pay-out on NPV basis March 2019) to cover additional 200 Cities and ZRXOGEHDERXW5VODNKSHUKRXVHIRUERWK Phase-III (April 2019 - March 2022) to cover Objectives the categories. Central assistance at the rate all other remaining Cities. However, there will RI5VODNKSHUKRXVHIRU(:6FDWHJRU\ EHÀH[LELOLW\LQFRYHULQJQXPEHURIFLWLHVLQ The Project is aimed for urban areas with ZLOOEHSURYLGHGXQGHUWKH$ϑRUGDEOH+RXVLQJ various phases and inclusion of additional cities following components/options to States/Union LQ3DUWQHUVKLSDQG%HQH¿FLDU\OHGLQGLYLGXDO may be considered by the Ministry of Housing Territories and cities:- house construction or enhancement. State 8UEDQ3RYHUW\$OOHYLDWLRQLQFDVHWKHUH *RYHUQPHQWRUWKHLUSDUDVWDWDOVOLNH+RXVLQJ is demand from States and cities and have 1. Slum rehabilitation of Slum Dwellers with %RDUGVFDQWDNHXSSURMHFWRIDϑRUGDEOH capacity to include them in earlier phases. participation of private developers using housing to avail the Central Government grant. land as a resource; &UHGLWOLQNHGVXEVLG\FRPSRQHQWRIWKHVFKHPH Implementation would be implemented across the country in all 3URPRWLRQRIDϑRUGDEOHKRXVLQJIRUZHDNHU statutory towns from the very beginning. VHFWLRQWKURXJKFUHGLWOLQNHGVXEVLG\ The scheme will be implemented as a Centrally 6SRQVRUHG6FKHPHH[FHSWWKHFUHGLWOLQNHG $ϑRUGDEOHKRXVLQJLQSDUWQHUVKLSZLWK subsidy component, which will be implemented Technology Sub-mission 3XEOLF 3ULYDWHVHFWRUVDQG as a Central Sector Scheme. The Mission also 6XEVLG\IRUEHQH¿FLDU\OHGLQGLYLGXDOKRXVHprescribes certain mandatory reforms for A Technology Sub-mission under the Mission construction or enhancement. HDVLQJXSWKHXUEDQODQGPDUNHWIRUKRXVLQJ would be set up to facilitate adoption of WRPDNHDGHTXDWHXUEDQODQGDYDLODEOHIRU modern, innovative and green technologies DϑRUGDEOHKRXVLQJ+RXVHVFRQVWUXFWHGXQGHU and building material for faster and quality Finance the mission would be allotted in the name of construction of houses. The Technology Sub- the female head of the households or in the Mission will also facilitate preparation and &HQWUDOJUDQWRI5VRQHODNKSHUKRXVHRQ joint name of the male head of the household adoption of layout designs and building plans an average, will be available under the slum and his wife. suitable for various geo-climatic zones. Also rehabilitation programme. A State Government assist Cities in deploying disaster resistant and ZRXOGKDYHÀH[LELOLW\LQGHSOR\LQJWKLVVOXP environment friendly technologies. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 26 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES • Improve last-mile connectivity heritage include revitalization of urban infrastructure sites by documentation, conservation of IRUDUHDVDURXQGKHULWDJHDVVHWVLGHQWL¿HG areas, more facilities for women, senior approved by the Ministry of Culture, FLWL]HQVDQGGLϑHUHQWO\DEOHGFLWL]HQV Government of India and State Governments. Institutional arrangements These initiatives shall include development HERITAGE CITY of water supply, sanitation, drainage, waste DEVELOPMENT AND management, approach roads, footpaths, HRIDAY will be planned, developed, and AUGMENTATION YOJANAstreet lights, tourist conveniences, electricity implemented under the aegis of the MoUD wiring, landscaping and such citizen services.ZLWKWKH1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI8UEDQ$ϑDLUV Duration (NIUA). A robust and interactive mechanism IRUFRRUGLQDWLRQZLWKPLQLVWULHVOLNHFXOWXUH National Heritage City Development and tourism, water resource, housing and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) was launched :LWKDGXUDWLRQRIPRQWKV FRPSOHWLQJLQ urban poverty alleviation, and with state on 21 January 2015 with the aim of bringing 2017) and a total outlay of INR 500 Crores, the governments, urban local bodies would together urban planning, economic growth and 6FKHPHLVEHLQJLPSOHPHQWHGLQLGHQWL¿HG ensure convergence of activities such that heritage conservation in an inclusive manner to Cities namely, Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, the development is properly planned. For preserve the characters of each Heritage City. %DGDPL'ZDUND*D\D.DQFKLSXUDP0DWKXUD 3XUL9DUDQDVL9HODQNDQQLDQG:DUDQJDO this purpose HRIDAY a National Empowered Committee (HNEC) will be constituted Purpose at the central level. The HNEC will have Objectives representation from all line departments and All these years, redevelopment of heritage • To bring urban planning, economic growth agencies and will involve the expertise of VWUXFWXUHVZDVWDNHQXSDVLVRODWHGFDVHV and heritage conservation together for technical, research, academic institutions and %XWDQHHGZDVIHOWWROLQNWKHKHULWDJH heritage cities. organizations at various levels. development within a city to the overall planned development of the locality, which not %HDXWL¿FDWLRQLQDQLQFOXVLYHDQG RQO\PDNHVWKHUHJLRQPRUHWRXULVWIULHQGO\ integrated manner with focus on Budget but also improves quality of life of locals. FOHDQOLQHVVOLYHOLKRRGVVNLOOVVDIHW\ Installation of CCTV cameras and provision of security, accessibility and faster service :LWK5VFURUHRIJRYHUQPHQWIXQGVIRU :L)LDFFHVVDUHDVZLOODOVREHDIRFXVDUHD delivery of heritage cities. HRIDAY aims to bring together urban planning, • To guide their conservation, restoration, economic growth and heritage conservation Scope future use and development. EHVLGHVEHDXWL¿FDWLRQLQDQLQFOXVLYHDQG integrated manner with focus on cleanliness, The Scheme supports development of core • Create improved connectivity platform and OLYHOLKRRGVVNLOOVVDIHW\VHFXULW\DFFHVVLELOLW\ heritage infrastructure projects which shall access to tourists and faster service delivery. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 27 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES AT A GLANCE: TRADITIONAL CITIES VS SMART CITIES The Problem Targets • Coordinated and holistic • Ad hoc and decentralized • Resources are shared Planning • Cost savings aren’t realized • Cost savings are fully realized • Limited potential for scalability of investment • Investments are scalable • Improved city planning and forecasting • Optimized with cutting-edge technology 5XQVLQHϒFLHQWO\ • Saves money and resources Infrastructure • Costs more money and resources to run • Improved service-level agreements • Built on open standards • Enjoy real-time reporting on infrastructure conditions • Guess at infrastructure conditions • Predict and prevent problems • React to problems System operators 'HSOR\UHVRXUFHVPRUHHϒFLHQWO\ &DQ¶WGHSOR\UHVRXUFHVHϒFLHQWO\WRDGGUHVVSUREOHPV • Automate maintenance • Save money • Centrally planned • Piecemeal and siloed • Deployed across city departments and projects ICT investments 'HOLYHUVXERSWLPDOEHQH¿W 'HOLYHURSWLPDOEHQH¿W • Don’t realize economies of scale • Provide maximum value and savings • Complete and singular online presence &LWL]HQVFDQHDVLO\¿QGDQGXVHVHUYLFHV • Limited, scattered online connection to citizens • Citizens can participate in smart city initiatives Citizen engagement &LWL]HQVFDQ¶WPDNHRSWLPDOXVHRIFLW\VHUYLFHV • Two-way communications between government and people RUHDVLO\¿QGWKHP • Specialized services focused on the individual citizen • Citizens can both contribute to and access real-time LQWHOOLJHQWFLW\GDWDDQGRϑHUDSSVWKDWXVHWKHGDWD • Departments and functions are integrated and/or shared • Departments and functions are siloed • Data is shared between departments and better correlated • Departments rarely share data and collaborate on Sharing data with other data services through open standards initiatives • Results are improved • Costs are cut Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 28 CH 1: INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES How To Use The India Readiness Guide 2 The role of the India Readiness Guide is to help you transition to a smart city, at your own pace and on your own terms. This chapter explains the smart cities frameworks that supports that mission. :HWKLQN\RXZLOO¿QGLWDXVHIXOPHFKDQLVPWR understand the totality of a smart city and how the pieces work together. This chapter gives you what you need to construct a “target list” or “wish list” for your city. When you are ready to turn that list into an actual plan, you’ll ¿QGJXLGDQFHLQ&KDSWHU³,GHDVWR$FWLRQ´ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 29 CH 2: HOW TO USE THE INDIA READINESS GUIDE XULQWURGXFWLRQGH¿QHGDVPDUWFLW\ as one that uses information and CITY RESPONSIBILITIES FRPPXQLFDWLRQVWHFKQRORJ\ ,&7 ZLWK Oeffective citizen participation to enhance OLYDELOLW\ZRUNDELOLW\DQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\ 7KHVPDUWFLWLHVIUDPHZRUNFDSWXUHVWKLV UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQDFLW\¶VUHVSRQVLELOLWLHV ZKDWLWQHHGVWRDFFRPSOLVKIRUFLWL]HQV DQGLWVHQDEOHUV WKHVPDUWWHFKQRORJLHV WKDWFDQPDNHWKRVHWDVNVHDVLHUDQGVPDUW FLWL]HQHQJDJHPHQWWKDWFDQPDNHWKRVH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQVPRUHLQFOXVLYH The Smart city Framework 8QLYHUVDO$VSHFWV Built Environment Energy Telecommunications Transportation Water and Wastewater Health and Human Services Public Safety Payment and Finance waste Management Inclusivity &ROODERUDWLYLW\ Governance ,QVWUXPHQWDWLRQDQG&RQWURO $OLJQLQJ responsibilities &RQQHFWLYLW\ and enablers: Interoperability The vertical Security and Privacy responsibilities denote ENABLERS essential services that Data Management cities require. The horizontal enablers are Security and Privacy technology capabilities that improve those &RPSXWLQJ5HVRXUFHV responsibilities. $QDO\WLFV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 30 CH 2: HOW TO USE THE INDIA READINESS GUIDE Smart city responsibilities 60$57&,7< UHIHUWRFRPPXQLFDWLRQVIRUGHYLFHV 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ$FLW\¶VURDG Cities have essential functions and services LQIUDVWUXFWXUHVWUHHWVELNHSDWKV Energy Buildings WKDWPXVWEHDYDLODEOHHYHU\GD\+RPHVPXVW YHKLFOHVUDLOZD\VPRQRUDLOVOLJKWUDLOV KDYHZDWHUEXVLQHVVHVPXVWKDYHSRZHU EXVHVELF\FOHVVWUHHWFDUVIHUULHVDLUDQG Telcomm ZDVWHPXVWEHFROOHFWHGFKLOGUHQPXVWEH PDULWLPHSRUWV²DQ\DQGHYHU\V\VWHP HGXFDWHGDQGVRRQ,QWKH,QGLD5HDGLQHVV WKDWUHODWHVWRFLWL]HQPRELOLW\ Public *XLGHZHUHIHUWRWKHVHYHUWLFDOFLW\IXQFWLRQV safety DVUHVSRQVLELOLWLHV$OWKRXJKQRWDOORIWKHP Health and human services.The IDOOXQGHUDFLW\¶VGLUHFWFRQWURODOORIWKHPDUH Waste essential human services for the provision HVVHQWLDOWRHYHU\GD\OLIHDQGFRPPHUFH7KH management RIKHDOWKFDUHHGXFDWLRQDQGVRFLDO QLQHFLW\UHVSRQVLELOLWLHVDUH VHUYLFHV Water Finances %XLOWHQYLURQPHQWIn the India Readiness 6. Water and wastewater.The *XLGHEXLOWHQYLURQPHQWUHIHUVWRDOO LQIUDVWUXFWXUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUZDWHU²IURP and Human RIDFLW\¶VEXLOGLQJVSDUNVDQGSXEOLF FROOHFWLRQGLVWULEXWLRQXVHDQG¿QDOO\ Payment VSDFHV&HUWDLQFRPSRQHQWVRIWKHEXLOW UHXVHDQGUHF\FOLQJ3LSHVGLVWULEXWLRQ services Transport environment — including streets and FHQWUHVFDWFKPHQWDUHDVWUHDWPHQW XWLOLW\LQIUDVWUXFWXUH²DUHQRWHPSKDVLVHG IDFLOLWLHVSXPSVWDWLRQVSODQWVDQGHYHQ KHUHEHFDXVHWKH\DUHWUHDWHGLQRWKHU WKHZDWHUPHWHUVDWSULYDWHKRPHVDUHDOO UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV HVVHQWLDOFRPSRQHQWVRIWKLVUHVSRQVLELOLW\ 2. Energy. The infrastructure to produce and 7. Waste management.The infrastructure GHOLYHUHQHUJ\SULPDULO\HOHFWULFLW\DQG UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHFROOHFWLRQGLVWULEXWLRQ 3D\PHQWVDQG¿QDQFH3D\PHQWVOLQN JDVIRUSRZHULQJYLUWXDOO\DOOVHUYLFHVDQG UHXVHUHF\FOLQJDQGUHFRYHULQJRIWKH DSD\HUDQGDSD\HHDQGUHIHUWRDOOWKH QHHGVSURFHVVHVDQGFRPIRUW ZDVWHPDWHULDOV NH\FRQWULEXWRUVLQYROYHG JRYHUQPHQW VHUYLFHVPHUFKDQWVFRQVXPHUV 3. Telecommunications. This term 8. 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WKDW¿UHHQJLQHVFDQUHDFKDVTXLFNO\DVSRVVLEOH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 37 CH 2: HOW TO USE THE INDIA READINESS GUIDE What this guide does NOT do:H¶YHWDONHG DERXWZKDWWKH*XLGHZDQWVWRGREXWLW¶VDOVR LPSRUWDQWWRDFNQRZOHGJHWKHWKLQJVWKDWDUH RXWVLGHLWVVFRSH The Guide does NOT suggest what your The India Readinesscity’s overall goals should be. 6PDUWFLW\ Guide structure WHFKQRORJLHVDUHDPHDQVWRDQHQG(YHU\FLW\ VKRXOGGHFLGHIRULWVHOIZKDWHQGVLWKRSHVWR DFKLHYH%XWZKDWHYHU\RX¶UHDIWHUWKHWDUJHWV described in this guide represent the best WHFKQLFDOIRXQGDWLRQIRUSXUVXLQJWKRVHJRDOV The Guide does NOT propose which $V\RXPRYHWKURXJKWKHFKDSWHUVLQWKLV (DFKFKDSWHUKDVIRXUVHFWLRQV7KH¿UVW responsibilities should be prioritised. *XLGHZHZLOODVVHVVWKLVLQWHUFRQQHFWHGQHVV VHFWLRQHQYLVLRQVZKDWHDFKUHVSRQVLELOLW\ (YHU\FLW\KDVLWVRZQXQLTXHVWUHQJWKVDQG WKDWPHULWFRQVLGHUDWLRQ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 38 CH 2: HOW TO USE THE INDIA READINESS GUIDE dŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐĮƌƐƚƐŵĂƌƚŝƐůĂŶĚ͗ MALTA : WHY NOT A SMART ISLAND ? ocated in the heart of the Mediterranean and 6RIDUUHVXOWVKDYHEHHQYHU\VXFFHVVIXO)RULQVWDQFH NQRZQIRULWVVWDEOHHFRQRP\DQGSUREXVLQHVV WKHQHZVPDUWZDWHUJULGKDVLQFUHDVHGWKHIWGHWHFWLRQ 7KHZRUOG¶V¿UVW JRYHUQPHQW0DOWDLVDJURXSRIVPDOOLVODQGV ZKLOHDOVRLQWURGXFLQJQHZSULFLQJRSWLRQVIRU smart island: LPLOHVWRWKHVRXWKRI6LFLO\+RPHWRURXJKO\ FXVWRPHUVWKDWUHZDUGFRQVHUYDWLRQ SHRSOHLWKDVWKHKLJKHVWSRSXODWLRQGHQVLW\LQ Thanks to its smart (XURSHSXWWLQJDJHQXLQHVWUDLQRQSRZHUJDVZDVWH :LWKWKRVHVPDUWJULGVLQSODFH0DOWDKDVWKH water and electricity PDQDJHPHQWDQGRWKHUHVVHQWLDOVHUYLFHV IRXQGDWLRQDOHOHPHQWVIRUDVPDUWLVODQG$QGWKH networks, Malta is the JRYHUQPHQWLVWDNLQJWKLQJVHYHQIXUWKHULQRQHDVSHFW ZRUOG¶V¿UVWVPDUWLVODQG ,QWKHQDWLRQDOHQHUJ\DQGZDWHUSURYLGHUV ,WLVWUDQVIRUPLQJDQLQGXVWULDOSDUNLQWRDVWDWHRI It is also the home of smartcity Malta (shown SDUWQHUHGZLWK&RXQFLOPHPEHUV,%0,WURQDQGRWKHU WKHDUWLQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\DQGPHGLDFLW\7KH here), a cutting edge VXSSOLHUVWRJUDGXDOO\UROORXWVPDUWPHWHUVIRUDOO JRDORIVPDUWFLW\0DOWDLVWRSXWHYHU\WKLQJDKLJKWHFK development designed HOHFWULFDQGZDWHUFXVWRPHUV7KHXWLOLWLHVDUHVDYLQJ FRPSDQ\QHHGVWRVXFFHHGLQRQHSODFHLQFOXGLQJ to attract high-tech PRQH\E\QRWHPSOR\LQJPHWHUUHDGHUV:KDW¶VPRUH VWDWHRIWKHDUW,&7LQIUDVWUXFWXUHDORQJZLWKDKRVW industry. WKHPHWHULQJGDWDLVLQWHJUDWHGLQWRQHZEDFNRI¿FH RI,7PHGLDDQGSURGXFWLRQVHUYLFHV0HOLWDRQHRI DSSOLFDWLRQVIRUELOOLQJ,WLVDOVRXVHGIRUDQDO\WLFVWKDW (XURSH¶VROGHVWFDEOHRSHUDWRUVLVSURYLGLQJDVHDPOHVV ORFDWHSUREOHPVDQGGHWHUPLQHZKHQDQGZKHWKHUWR EURDGEDQGVHUYLFHIRU0DOWDZLWK&RXQFLOPHPEHU H[SDQGWKHJULG &LVFR¶V8QLYHUVDO:L)L Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 39 CH 2: HOW TO USE THE INDIA READINESS GUIDE Conclusion $V\RXUHYLHZWKHFKDSWHUVWKDWIROORZ\RX FDQXVHWKHFKHFNOLVWVDWWKHHQGRIHDFKRQH WRQRWHZKHUH\RXUFLW\LVFXUUHQWO\ZHDN RUVWURQJ2QFH\RX¶YHFRPSOHWHGWKRVH DVVHVVPHQWV\RXFDQWUDQVIHUWKHPWRWKH VXPPDU\FKHFNOLVWLQWKH¿QDOFKDSWHUµ,GHDV WR$FWLRQ¶:LWKWKDWVXPPDU\LQSODFH\RX¶OO EHUHDG\WREXLOG\RXUVPDUWFLW\URDGPDS XVLQJWKHWLSVDQGWHFKQLTXHVSURYLGHGLQWKDW ODVWFKDSWHU The mission of the smart cities Council India 5HDGLQHVV*XLGHLVWRVHW\RXRQWKHSDWK WREHFRPLQJDFLW\RIWKHIXWXUH²DVPDUW FLW\ZLWKHQKDQFHGOLYDELOLW\ZRUNDELOLW\DQG VXVWDLQDELOLW\,WZLOOWDNHSDWLHQFHWRPDUFK WKURXJKHDFKFKDSWHUWRFRPSLOH\RXURZQ ³ZLVKOLVW´RIHVVHQWLDOIHDWXUHV$QGLWZLOO WDNHOHDGHUVKLSWREXLOGWKRVHIHDWXUHVLQWRD FRPSUHKHQVLYHVPDUWFLW\SODQWKDWKDVWKH VXSSRUWRIWKHSXEOLF %XWVLJQL¿FDQWDGYDQWDJHVDZDLWWKRVHFLWLHV WKDWPDNHWKHHIIRUW7KHLUFLWL]HQVZLOOKDYH DKHDOWKLHUKDSSLHUSODFHWROLYHDORQJZLWK EHWWHUKLJKHUSD\LQJMREV$QGDOORIWKDWLQD VXVWDLQDEOHIDVKLRQWKDWGRHVQ¶WUREIURPWKH QH[WJHQHUDWLRQ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 40 CH 2: HOW TO USE THE INDIA READINESS GUIDE Universal Aspects 3 Of A Smart City Of ASmart 6RPHRIWRGD\¶VJUHDWHVWFLWLHVEHQH¿WWHGIURP visionaries who, centuries ago, saw possibilities for civic betterment and made it happen. A compelling example comes from leaders back in the 1800s. Way before the phrase “urban sprawl” had entered our psyche, they committed to preserving vast amounts of open spaces for public use. Think of Hyde Park in London, Central Park jutting through Manhattan, Ueno Park in Tokyo or Sanjay Ghandhi National Park in Mumbai. They are all testaments to leaders “thinking outside the box” a very long time ago. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 41 CH 3: UNIVERSAL ast-forward a couple of centuries. It’s your RQO\WRVSHFL¿FUHVSRQVLELOLWLHV²HQHUJ\RU turn to make that same kind of lasting transportation, for instance). impact on your city. This chapter will help Fget you started. In many ways, it is the Before we drill down on the 23 universal most important chapter in the Guide because targets, a quick refresher on key terms: it lays out the universal principles that should underlie every city responsibility, from water • ICT — information and communications aarey colony or sanjayto energy to public safety and the others. Get technologies. The blanket term for gandhi these right and you’ve set up your city for the devices, software, standards and decades of success. communications that make cities smart. This chapter includes 23 goals — we call • Instrumentation — the devices used them “targets” — that will propel you down to collect data about city conditions. the smart city path. We refer to these 23 as Examples include smart meters, occupancy “universal targets” because each of them sensors, temperature sensors, light applies to every city responsibility. detectors, pressure sensors and many more. City visionaries: Here’s an example: One of the targets is to use analytics to achieve full situational awareness. • Thanks to the visionary That means giving system operators a real- Responsibilities— the everyday essential planners, Sanjay Ghandhi time, big-picture view of what’s going on so functions and services a city provides such National Park remains a they can spot problems early and act quickly as water, public safety, transportation, etc. popular gathering spot in to mitigate them. An example might be Mumbai. an accident that has a major thoroughfare • Enablers— to enable is “to give power, blocked. Knowing about the accident in real means, competence or ability.” By that time gives transit operators a chance to token, enablers are the individual ICT reroute buses. components that allow city responsibilities to get smart. Examples include computing But that situational awareness also has great resources, data analytics and similar value to public safety, to water, to energy, to functionalities. virtually every city responsibility, hence their inclusion in this Universal chapter. (In later • Targets— goals for smart city efforts. A chapters, you’ll read about targets that apply series of objectives that, taken together, form the foundation of an ICT-enabled smart city. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 42 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Ƥ We’ve talked about the hurdles cities face on their smart city journey and how realising targets will require commitment, planning and execution. Now let’s talk about the rewards! Because the 23 universal targets described KHUHDSSO\WRHYHU\UHVSRQVLELOLW\WKHEHQH¿WV highlighted below are also citywide in their DSSOLFDWLRQ:H¶YHRUJDQLVHGWKHEHQH¿WV by our three core smart city objectives — enhanced livability, workability and sustainability. Livability Improving city service by sharing data. Improving city Many of the most exciting city applications service by sharing come from sharing data between departments. data: Livability will mean different things to different Or, in a similar fashion, by sharing data with SHRSOHEHFDXVHZHDOOGH¿QHTXDOLW\RIOLIH outside developers who can innovate and Most exciting city LQGLIIHUHQWZD\V Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 43 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Revolutionising people’s relationship with Workability their government.By providing instant, will unleash the power of people on their data electronic access to the information people Workability means accelerated economic VHWVDQGEHQH¿WIURPQHZLGHDV'DWDLVD need, the services they require, and the development. YDOXDEOHDQGSUR¿WDEOHUHVRXUFHWKDWFDQIXHO LQWHUDFWLRQWKH\ZDQWZLWKRI¿FLDOVFLWLHVEXLOG innovation and invention, thereby creating new citizens’ trust and satisfaction. Creating a “recruiting tool” for attracting businesses, revenue streams and jobs. talent and jobs.Increasingly, mobile Supporting skills development.With rapidly Enabling real-time alerts and real-time businesses and professionals are attracted to changing technology, more and more job monitoring.Health and public safety are cities that have a strong, compelling vision for opportunities are created that needs skilled LPSURYHGZKHQFLWL]HQVDUHDOHUWHGWR¿UHV a better future. talent, and businesses, and in turn, investors ÀRRGVDLUTXDOLW\LVVXHVSXEOLFGLVWXUEDQFHV are looking for skilled-based talent pool. pipeline leaks, downed electricity lines, Hence, city-supported skill development can Creating world-class infrastructure. chemical spills, Metro lines, bus locations, etc. be an enormous draw to businesses looking for %XVLQHVVHVZHLJKWKHHI¿FLHQF\DQGUHOLDELOLW\ specialised talent. of city infrastructures when they make their Creating citywide situational awareness. investments. They have many options. Why When you are able to fully visualise your city’s locate in city A, when nearby city B has a WUDI¿FHQHUJ\JDVDQGZDWHUQHWZRUNV\RX PRUHHI¿FLHQWWUDQVSRUWDWLRQQHWZRUNDPRUH can best ensure reliability and resiliency of reliable and cost- effective energy grid, or a Sustainability those essential services. more advanced law enforcement program? Cities that have optimised their infrastructures Sustainability is how Smart cities provide are more attractive investment locations. Protecting personal privacy.People have necessary and desirable services in a way that a right to and great desire for privacy and GRHVQ¶WGHSOHWHUHVRXUFHV²QDWXUDO¿QDQFLDO that issue will certainly crop up when you Protecting business from cybercrime. or social. start marching down the smart city path. Hacking and theft are serious risks to The Guide’s universal principles include businesses. A 2012 study reported that Reducing resource use through recommendations on privacy. incidents of cybercrime doubled over the last optimisation.The optimisation gains from WKUHH\HDUVZKLOHWKHLU¿QDQFLDOLPSDFWURVHE\analytics and improved planning mean that 40%. Enforcing cyber-security as described in cities, their businesses and their residents this Guide will help city governments achieve consume fewer resources. By harnessing the safety and resiliency, and create trust for power of ICT, smart cities can curb the theft companies contemplating a move to your city. of resources and deliver a better future for generations to come. Unleashing innovation.Cities that free up their data via Open Data or similar programs Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 44 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Reducing resource use ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT CAMPUS ities represent three quarters of energy SAS advanced analytics platform improves collecting, consumption and 80% of CO2 emissions worldwide. understanding, and managing energy and emissions Reducing resource Smart cities have the goal of reducing energy requirements, increases the ability to report and use through consumption, reduce GHG emission and aim to SURDFWLYHO\LQÀXHQFHVFRQVXPSWLRQWUHQGV C optimisation: achieve zero waste in the city. Council member SAS initiated key energy and emissions initiatives including SAS reduced energy consumption by 3% for the past SAS reduced energy calculating and reporting global carbon footprint, four years, despite staff growth of 10%, facilities consumption by 3% building and maintaining facilities to LEED guidelines, growth of 9%, and rapidly expanding data centre for the past four investing in renewable energy, and pursuing new operations to satisfy growing customer demand for years, despite staff HQHUJ\HI¿FLHQWWHFKQRORJLHVIRURSHUDWLQJEXLOGLQJV computing and storage solutions. 2.2 megawatt solar growth of 10% and and data centres. farm facility, transfering exccess electricity to electricity rapidly expanding data centre operations. 2.2 grid, is reducing carbon footprint over the conventional megawatt solar farm 7KHHQWLUH6$6FDPSXVRI/(('FHUWL¿HGEXLOGLQJV sources by more than 2,000 tonnes annually. facility is reducing are powered by 3 PV Roof Top Systems of 312 KW carbon footprint over the capacity and 3 Solar Thermal Systems of 104 KW. +LJKHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQWGDWDFHQWUHVRSHUDWLRQVUHJXODUO\ conventional sources by more than 2,000 tonnes SAS has 2 solar farms of 2.2 MW generating 4 million achieve average power usage effectiveness of 1.35 or annually. kilowatt-hours each year from directional arrays that better. track the sun and connected to the electricity grid. . Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 45 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Enabling a broad selection of technology Reducing costs by re-using software choices.Cities that pursue interoperability in modules.By realising the targets in this their smart technology investments will save Guide, cities can construct their applications money, by being able to pick from the widest in a way that creates a collaborative and variety of solutions possible. secure environment, making it easy to share code modules between different applications, Reducing duplication of effort.When smart minimising expensive programming. FLW\HIIRUWVDUHFRQ¿QHGWRGHSDUWPHQWDO silos, functions are needlessly repeated. This Increasing economies of scale.By agreeing unnecessary duplication may range from RQXQLYHUVDOVWDQGDUGVDQGVSHFL¿FDWLRQVFLWLHV market research to community outreach to can often lower their purchasing costs while depreciation and historic operating patterns technical design to security planning to staff increasing interoperability. Otherwise, each can improve cities’ 5-, 10- and 20-year plans. training to procurement processes to designing city department makes its own small, slightly And by monitoring key performance indicators, user interfaces and much more. Agreeing in different order with diminished bargaining cities can measure their progress and their advance on universal principles takes care of power. return on investment. these things once, for use in all departments. Squeezing the maximum value from city Embedding best practices.By way of assets. Electronically monitoring the actual Reducing costs through infrastructure example, consider something as crucial condition of assets at every moment helps sharing.Some early smart city efforts have as cyber security. Now suppose that every predict when they will need maintenance in over- looked the potential to share costs. department is responsible on its own for time to prevent breakdowns. With device Here are just a few of the elements that can researching, planning and implementing management and asset optimisation, cities will often be purchased or designed just once and that security. It’s not hard to recognise that save money while still ensuring the reliability of reused many times: geographical information some departments will not have the skills their technology deployments. systems (GIS); communications networks; and resources to do the best possible job. cyber-security designs and implementations; By contrast, if the city adopts a universal Using computer simulations to plan database management systems; enterprise security framework, it can be assured that the with great precision.Thanks to computer VHUYLFHEXVHV ZRUNIRUFHDQG¿HOGFUHZ individual departmental implementations will modelling and simulations, cities can test management architecture, and operations be state-of-the-art. assumptions, try different scenarios and make centres. Additionally, in some cases, costs mistakes in the simulations instead of costly can be reduced by partnering with private (QDEOLQJEHWWHU¿QDQFLDOIRUHFDVWLQJ mistakes in real life. Many experts predict that sector providers (operators) who have already Financial forecasting is an important discipline smart city technologies will change the very deployed networks and services. and it can be greatly enhanced with the nature of planning — from a once-in-a-decade KHOSRIWKHGDWDÀRZLQJIURPVPDUWFLWLHV activity based on estimates to an ongoing Combining and correlating growth projections, process based upon real-time data. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 46 CH 3: UNIVERSAL You don’t have to over-think the process. Nor do you have to become an expert in every ȋȌtarget. When you have gone through all the chapters and completed the consolidated target OLVWLQWKH¿QDOFKDSWHU\RXZLOOEHKDQGLQJLWWR The goal of the Readiness Guide is to help you specialists to build detailed project plans. You make two key decisions: 1) where you want to can count on their expertise for the details. end up and 2) where you should start. A few large cities will hand their target list to This chapter and those that follow will help you in-house staff. But most cities will use outside ZLWKWKH¿UVWLVVXH7KH\VXJJHVWWKHWDUJHWV experts. Either way, your job is to hand those at which you should aim. Your only job is to experts your “wish list” — your prioritised review those targets and determine a) whether target list. That list will tell them, in general they apply to your city and b) how far along terms, where you want to start and where you you are already. want to end up. When it comes to which ones apply, we are So don’t feel overwhelmed as you read through biased — we think every target in this Guide is the targets. Your job is not to solve all of these essential to the long-term success of a smart issues. That’s where the experts come in. Your city. Not to be overly dramatic, but you ignore job is to know which issues need a solution and these targets — especially the universal targets WRGHFLGHZKLFKLVVXHVWRWDFNOH¿UVW — at your own peril. If you have further questions about targets and Universal targets: The universal targets are highlighted on the checklists, reach out to the smart cities Council checklist you’ll see on the next page (and via the website or the contact information in Knowing where you are again at the end of the chapter). Each target strong and weak will the appendix. is explained in detail on the pages that follow. help you choose where When it comes to how far along you are, you to point your smart city And now, on to the universal targets. As you HIIRUWV¿UVW can use the column at the far right of the read through each one, jump to a checklist to checklist to record your estimate. You’ll use record your assessment of your city’s progress. WKDWHVWLPDWHRISURJUHVVLQWKH¿QDOFKDSWHU After completing this chapter and the ones Ideas to Action, where you will set your that follow, use the summary checklist in the priorities. Knowing where you are strong and ¿QDOFKDSWHUWRFRPELQH\RXUUHVXOWVLQWRRQH weak will help you choose where to point your document. VPDUWFLW\HIIRUWV¿UVW Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 47 CH 3: UNIVERSAL UNIVERSAL TARGETS Enabler Universal Targets Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance livability, None Partial Over 50%Complete workability and sustainability Achieve accessibility optimisation Inclusivity Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking Achieve citizen engagement Create institutional framework Collaborativity Pursue multilateral collaboration Human Achieve existing infrastructure optimisation Governance Formulate new supporting policy frameworks and regulatory mandates Institutional Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 48 CH 3: UNIVERSAL UNIVERSAL TARGETS Universal Targets Enabler Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance livability, None Partial Over 50% None Partial Over 50%Complete workability and sustainability Instrumentation and Implement optimal instrumentation Control Connectivity Connect devices with citywide, multi-service communications Adhere to open standards Interoperability Use open integration architectures and loosely coupled interfaces Prioritize use of legacy investments Publish privacy rules Security and Privacy Create a security framework Implement cyber security Technology Data Management Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy Consider a cloud computing framework Use an open innovation platform Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management Achieve full situational awareness Achieve operational optimisation Analytics Achieve asset optimization Pursue predictive analytics Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 49 CH 3: UNIVERSAL of inclusiveness in the smart city vision and solutions, the city must look into how Accessibility rules have to be embedded into citizens can interact with the government, every aspect of the life — from planning The foundation of smart cities formulation is how businesses can be integrated into the mobility that encourages public transit based on the idea of a holistic vision to include communities, and how city resources and commute to designing streets with slope for all citizens. Smart cities value the citizens and VHUYLFHVFDQEHRSWLPLVHGWREHQH¿WDOOFLWL]HQVreduced mobility people to web accessibility look at them as both engine and catalyst for for the elderly and blind to online services or sustainable urban transformation. The focus is Smart communities actively apply technologiesdocuments in electronic format. Innovative not about smart city itself, it is about people in the city operations and inspire its citizens vision, creative ideas and ICT technologies and the community integrated within. And the to participate and engage in the efforts together help span the digital divide, such as success of smart cities is vastly dependent on to encourage community economy and in education. Having transparent and easily the praxis of inclusivity in diversity — shaping social development. ICT technologies make accessible reports and tools that give the smart cities’ vision considering all classes, governments and city administrations more citizen information about the city planning irrespective of their physical, cultural, gender transparent, responsive, and accountable, and implementation activities in real time is DQG¿QDQFLDOPHULWV allow for greater involvement of common another important aspect of accessibility. citizens in the planning, formulation and Formulate citizen reporting framework Active participation of variousgroups of citizens implementation of city services, and encourage for outcome thinking. – such as policy makers and planners, youth continuous dialogue among citizens, businesses An effective two-way and students associations,welfare associations, and the cities to achieve transformative dialogue between the citizen and the city is tax-payers associations, senior citizens,special HFRQRPLFVRFLDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDOEHQH¿WVcritical and an important tool for creating interest groups, slum dwellers, and others – smart, participatory, inclusive and sustainable helps in effectively identifying local priority cities. issues and co-creating solutions. Achieve accessibility optimisation, both physical and Web accessibility. Accessibility The citizen reporting frameworks not only India is a country of unity in vast diversity, for all is not just an aspect relating to ‘built enhance the citizens role in decision-making the multiplicity of heritage, culture, economic environment’; it is a horizontal dimension that for city formulations, it also empower the FODVVUDFHHWFLVUHÀHFWHGDQGFRH[LVWVLQ must span across all smart city responsibilities. citizens to make more informed decisions every city. National unity and integrity have Design for all is an essential aspect and the about their daily practices and help shaping been maintained even through acute economic¿UVWVWHSIRULQFOXVLYHVPDUWFLW\IRUPXODWLRQ the vision that affect their lives. Smart cities and social inequalities. Though each city has Accessibility for all means offering equal develop collaborative, value added tools a unique combination of socioeconomic strata,opportunities — it’s going beyond the usual using visualization, user-interface and social estimated acceleration of mass migration idea of offering accessibility to the people who media. Many cities in India created online to cities in the future will likely change the need physical assistance, and offering physical portals where a citizen can post suggestions/ equation. While developing the concept and Web accessibility to all — to seamlessly ideas pertaining to infrastructure services and connect and share services. ¿QDQFLQJDQGWKHUHYHQXHPRGHOV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 50 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Participation of citizens and stakeholders in Achieve citizen engagement. Smart cities systematic and open decision-making reportingunderstand the importance of enabling, and implementation assists ineffectively engaging, encouraging and empowering identifying local priority issues and create citizens to achieve sustainable transformation. contextual solutions. Digitizing citizen interfaceThe citizen participation and engagement are further enables the citizens to more effectivelyempowering citizens, making smarter and communicate as well as collaborate with the greener decisions in daily life. ICT provides local government. tools to citizens to take actions in a smarter and more responsible and sustainable manner. City can create interactive online portal with The smart cities instigate ubiquitous and visual *,6OD\HULQJWRÀDJDQGFRPPHQWORFDOXUEDQapproaches to the use of IT within citizen issues – from potholes and broken streetlightsparticipation andengagement at multiple levels to changing timelines and cost escalation in in the city using different means. public work projects. ‘LoveCleanLondon’ is a free online portal that helps people in London The smart cities continuously to upload photographs of community problemsandsystematicallypresent thebalanced and that require actions by the local authorities. objective datain most effective,user-friendly An interactive map using Council member way – to ensure that their concerns and Microsoft browser plug-in shows reports in aspirations are consistently understood and Smart cities also develop preferential studies real time while free application programming considered – which allows the citizens to better making use of the potential for virtual interface allows developers to create own engaged, involved and responsive resolving the environments to involve much large number of applications. complex, interconnected urban challenges. participants and to create interaction among them. 7KHUHVXOWVVKRZHGUHGXFWLRQLQJUDI¿WL One such example, Seoul’s Eco-Mileage System in two years with clean-up time reduced – a citizen participation project that rewards dramatically, while citizen satisfaction and households and businesses with refunds based authority responsiveness has increased. “This on the reductions they make in greenhouse use of technology can deliver real savings whilegas emissions. This voluntary initiative already encouraging people to take an active pride in has over1.88 million members, and counting. their environment” Boris Johnson, Mayor of It is even more remarkable that it has been London. introduced into every elementary school in the city, which drives behavioural change from an early age and deepens a cultural mind-set around environmental adaptation. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 51 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Pursue multilateral collaboration collaborative and innovative approach is the best way for India to achieve its goal to create Multilateral collaboration among the various ambitious, smart, inclusive cities. industry players is paramount to resolve global Create institutional frameworks crises; however, it is has become equally critical in city-wise solutions to create tools for the citizens, experts, businesses, and the To realise the inclusive vision, there is a need city to collaborate together. Going beyond to create and encourage new institutional the internal collaboration, municipalities need frameworks and city service authorises to to partner with other stakeholders such as break the siloed structure and adapt an open, EXVLQHVVHVQRQSUR¿WRUJDQLVDWLRQVDQGWKLQN collaborative approach. tanks to devise solutions. Device new institutional frameworks to create a holistic solution.To create an Public-Private-People partnerships models. In the smart cities, public-private-people Formulating smart cities’ visions and inclusive and sustainable smart cities vision partnerships will act as catalyst to drive solutions requires combining collaboration and initiatives, the city needs to collaborate innovations and new technologies integration. and creativity, especially in a country like internally as well as externally. The various Such cooperation is crucial, where the India, which still lacks a lot of basic services city responsibilities need to cooperate with governments – the public – create a solid in many cities. However, India is growing each other and share data in a more open platform, where the businesses – the private rapidly and adapting technology at a much and collaborative environment to create sector – plug in innovative and commercial faster pace. Leveraging all available assets — a long-term holistic vision and together VROXWLRQVDQGQRQSUR¿WVDQGFLWL]HQV±WKH people, resources, technology — the creativity plan implementation strategies that reduce people – identify local, contextual issues and RIFLWL]HQVWKHSUR¿FLHQF\RIH[SHUWVWKH duplication of resources. provide critical inputs as an end user. The knowhow of business, the resources and special purpose vehicles (SPV) are extremely services of the city, emerging technologies Create new opportunities for collaboration.essential. However, the cities need to take to create innovative and unique solutions for Developing potential for interdisciplinary a coherent and long-term approach in each city’s needs is paramount. Smart cities collaboration through capacity building, skills formulating public-private-people partnerships. take advantage of new frameworks, tools and development and cross-discipline interactions partners to sustain resources and improve generates a holistic perspective to create smart wellbeing of the residents, and ultimately solutions. Innovations in smart cities will be enhancing the quality of life for its citizens. DOLJQHGZLWKWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQDODQG¿QDQFLDO cooperation structures and models. Achieving inclusive smart city vision is a daunting task. However, a systematic, Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 52 CH 3: UNIVERSAL ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĐůŽƵĚĐŽŵƉƵƟŶŐ͗ BARCELONA REALISES VISION OF INNOVATIVE CITY GOVERNANCE WITH CLOUD AND APPS arcelona, Spain has a global reputation for is collected by the city’s municipal operations and innovation. Many of the technological solutions recordkeeping practices. Consider cloud that the city has adopted in recent years are at the computing: Bleading edge of city management. In addition to storing data in the cloud for others to analyse, the Barcelona City Council is harnessing the Barcelona has utilsed Council member Microsoft is a close partner in this opportunities that city data presents through Big Data the power of the effort. It has helped the city drive new services for DQGDQDO\WLFVVROXWLRQV+DYLQJJDLQHGFRQ¿GHQFHLQ Microsoft Windows Azure citizens and visitors and create and support new the scalability and security features of Windows Azure, cloud -based platform to technology-based companies and entrepreneurs, while the City Council embarked on an Open Data initiative help businesses be more also enabling the city government to reduce costs intended to standardise digital formats and streamline productive and to draw more visitors to the city. through new cloud computing services and devices. data analysis. In 2011, Barcelona began to use Windows Azure The ultimate goal of the initiative is to promote cloudbased services to make information available economic growth by encouraging data sharing between to citizens, which could be easily accessed over the city government and the private sector. Internet. The main driver for adoption of a public cloud was better management of the public data that Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 53 CH 3: UNIVERSAL ‘Love Clean Streets’ is the leading public transit by allocating at least 60% of the city’s engagement platform for local governments Governance transport budget. This resulted in expanded, DQGPXQLFLSDOLWLHVZKRZDQWWRSURYLGHHI¿FLHQW walkable footpaths, safe pedestrian crossings, ways for citizens, their partners and their Achieve existing infrastructure protected cycle tracks, properly scaled employees to report and deal with images and carriageways, conveniently placed bus stops, optimisation location based reports. and clearly designated on-street parking, improving walkability and reducing accidents. Most cities already have infrastructure, Civic-cyber intelligence. The cities can work systems and processes in place to serve with and state-agencies can collaborate with citizens. However, some of them are aging and citizen champions, experts and researchers decaying, while others are working but not DWORFDOQRQSUR¿WVDQGWKLQNWDQNVWKDWZRUN HI¿FLHQWO\&LWLHVQHHGWRGHYHORSV\VWHPDWLF Create new supporting policy with community groups and neighbourhoods to frameworks to identify such systems and identify and reprioritise the local needs. Local frameworks optimise those using innovative approaches think tanks can become systematic bridges. and ICT technologies. For example, instead One such example is ‘Transparent Chennai’, a of building new roads, highways and bridges, 7UDQVSDUHQF\DQGHI¿FLHQF\DUHFHQWUDOWR QRQSUR¿WDFWLRQUHVHDUFKRULHQWHGJURXSWKDW the existing infrastructure and systems can be achieve smart inclusive solutions. It is thus focuses on interactive urban design, identifying optimised using citizen inputs and sensor data extremely crucial to crafting public policy to local issues using community-mapping and GIS DQDO\WLFVE\EHWWHUPDQDJLQJWUDI¿FOLJKWVWROO retain the distinct socio-cultural identity of the projects with local inputs and design feedback systems and automating the public mobility to marginalised and deprived groups by ensuring DSSURDFKHV7&LGHQWL¿HGLQDGHTXDFLHVLQWKH accommodate peaking demand with real-time GLJQL¿HGOLYLQJVSDFHDORQJZLWKVXVWDLQHG city’s pedestrian infrastructure and challenges information and citizen engagement. source of income. for reduced mobility citizens, which helped in initiating other city-led mobility infrastructure Cities can even take more a sustainable and Stimulate extra capacity building and projects. creative approach by devising and encouraging employment generation.Smart cities aim greener solutions. Rather than deploy newer to develop capacity to match skills and create Systematic and analytical local frameworks infrastructure, cities need to reprioritise local talent pools. While digitising India, there act as a laboratory for data collection tools needs. One such example is the Chennai should be a clear focus on improving livelihood and methodologies for citizen engagement, Street Design Project, a collaborative effort by of citizens. supporting the city to improve its ability to use the city government of Chennai, the Institute data, mapping and participation to increase for Transportation and Development Policy • safety and establish a network of practitioners Attract and retain top talent.ICT- (ITDP) and community to address the safety and advocates who share practical, context- integrated cities even further demand challenges related to transport in the city. VSHFL¿FDQGHIIHFWLYHVWUDWHJLHVWRFUHDWH high-skilled workforce. Although the The solution focused on constructing and transparent and inclusive cities. service sector now accounts for the largest maintaining infrastructure for non-motorised single share of GDP, most of the jobs in this sector are low-skilled and under-paid. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 54 CH 3: UNIVERSAL By creating potential collaboration platforms and “lighthouse” projects, cities frameworks for successfully integrating not only generate skilled white-collar jobs, such mechanisms into the PPP model. but also assist in retaining the talent pool. Create new policies, guidelines and regulations. With rapidly changing new • Provide skill-matching solution. India technology and innovative approaches, cities has a massive low-skilled workforce with should be equipped to adapt to the changing limited prospects in formal industry or environment and quickly incorporate new modern services. India’s construction regulations and policies. With an energy crisis industry is going to be the largest looming, renewable energy is the way to go industry in the world by 2020. So, a smart for smart cities. The Government of India has strategy for city-building should factor in targeted to build 100 GW solar capacity by employment generation, incorporating 2022. This not only encourages the businesses and upgrading small-scale construction to pursue a new direction but also provides and investors are important piece in the and the real estate sector. Public-private incentives to achieve it. system. Improvement in the clarity of various partnerships (PPP) are integral for bridging regulations and policies and a strong investor this gap. For example, the Ministry of Rural However, there are multiple areas that need value proposition on a project-by-project basis Development worked with Council member immediate attention, especially at the city attracts and retains investors. Microsoft to create a skill-matching level. For example, current regulations don’t payment solution, to create a formalised allow the use of treated recycled products from 7RPDQDJH¿QDQFLQJULVNWKHJRYHUQPHQW system to connect work-skills for the C&D waste to be used in public construction. could consider alternative approaches to EXVLQHVVHVDQGDVVLVWWKHZRUNIRUFHWR¿QG Adapting such regulations will encourage incentivising transactions, such as credit employment. businesses to produce or use such materials guarantees. For demand uncertainty, risk- as well as support the recycling of waste, mitigation options could include availability- • which otherwise would have got dumped in based payments and risk sharing. Finally, Integrate small-scale enterprises. ODQG¿OOVIXUWKHUVWUDLQLQJWKHSUREOHPRIZDVWH market sounding with potential investors The largely informal small, medium and management. should be interactive and undertaken early to micro-enterprises that form the backbone generate feedback on a project. of India’s urban economy, need to be accommodated and integrated into the Formulate stable policy framework for formal system in order to bridge the private investors.Smart cities formulation is gap between demand-supply of various a continual process, and smart cities need have city services such as energy generation- to be self-sustaining. However, developing distribution and waste management. Theresmart cities heavily depends on the initial is a need to creatively develop formal capital to implement smart initiatives, Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 55 CH 3: UNIVERSAL apply to instrumentation; these three will be addressed in more detail later in the chapter: Instrumentation is the bedrock of smart cities. Privacy and security —Given the amount It provides the key source of data that allows of data generated, cities must be absolutely a city to make informed decisions on how to vigilant about respecting privacy and reduce costs and allocate funding. In energy, implementing security. instrumentation may mean smart meters WKDWPHDVXUHHQHUJ\ÀRZ,QWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ Legacy devices —Your city may already have it may mean embedded devices in roads and lots of data available without the need for KLJKZD\VWKDWPHDVXUHWUDI¿F additional instrumentation immediately. For instance, anonymous cell phone GPS data can Implement optimal instrumentation. The tell you where people are, or how fast they are purpose of this target is two-fold. 1) We use moving on roadways. Key intersections may instrumentation to gather information about DOUHDG\KDYHWUDI¿FVHQVRUV6WUHHWOLJKWVPD\ city conditions. 2) We use control devices to already detect ambient light. Water; power or take action remotely — for instance, to throw gas utilities may already have smart meters. a switch or open a valve. Becoming smart is You may decide to add additional sensors — all about having the right data to work with to especially now that prices are plummeting — make better decisions. So the overarching goal Implement optimal but it’s often possible to get started with the is optimal instrumentation and control. instrumentation: data you are getting already. Implementing optimal Optimal is the key word here. The ideal smart instrumentation creates the city will have exactly the devices it needs, Connectivity — In smart cities, data critical to a smart city. exactly where needed. In many responsibility instrumentation needs to be connectible. ,WLVDOVRWKH¿UVWVWHSLQ areas, optimal may mean a device at every Having sensors that need to be checked connecting city infrastructure end point. In water, for instance, it may mean to the ”Internet of Things.” manually is not optimal — for instance, you a smart water meter at every customer’s wouldn’t want to have to send a technician to premises. In other cases, it may mean a sensorevery water pump in your city. “every so often” — as frequently as needed to generate enough data to provide a full picture Implementing optimal instrumentation creates of what’s going on. the data critical to a smart city. It is also the ¿UVWVWHSLQFRQQHFWLQJFLW\LQIUDVWUXFWXUHWR Three issues are worth mentioning as they the ”Internet of Things,” which is described next in the connectivity discussion. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 56 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Take a moment to consider the incredible ways technology has changed our lives in the last four decades — microprocessors, ATMs, the World Wide Web, email, Google Maps, smartphones and iPads — to name a few. Clearly we’ve been on a connectivity roll for a while. And it’s not going to stop. Today we are entering the Internet of Things (Iot) era where people talk to devices and devices talk to each other. This helps explains why connectivity is such a robust smart city enabler, and why machine-to-machine communications is all the buzz these days. Connect devices with citywide, multi- service communications: Once those instruments are generating information, open standards, have high data rates and are Connect devices: they need to be connected, so that they can able to offer real-time communications to those communicate to provide data, as well as be devices that need it. Multi-service communications able to receive orders. system can carry messages Most cities will have multiple communications for multiple applications from mutiple sources. The target, therefore, is to connect all devices systems, because no single network can to a citywide communications system. In rare realistically support every single application cases, cities use a single communications now and into the future. To save costs, cities network for all device connectivity. In most ought to give strong consideration to the cases, cities use a variety of communication following approaches: FKDQQHOVLQFOXGLQJFHOOXODU¿EUH:L)LSRZHU line and RF mesh. • • Connecting instrumentation and control Prioritise technologies and tools devices allows a city to feed data into But it’s not enough to have just any that can manage “hybrid” networks. analytical programs that greatly improve communications system. It’s critical to have Tools exist that can merge different outcomes, minimise resource use and save systems that are reliable and secure, based on communications technologies, even old money, as we will cover in detail later. analogue technologies such as radio. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 57 CH 3: UNIVERSAL KDYHEHHQGH¿QHGE\DQLQGXVWU\JURXSDQG published for all to use. This contrasts with “proprietary” standards, which typically come from a single vendor who retains control over who can use them and when they will change. Open standards help cities control both their expenses and their risk. They allow cities to mix and match products from different vendors without jeopardising the ability to exchange data. Put another way, open standards contribute to interoperability, choice and ÀH[LELOLW\7KH\DOVRPDNHPDLQWHQDQFHHDVLHU because there are communities of specialists trained in published standards, such as those from Council advisors, the International Electro technical Commission (IEC), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Interoperability ensures the technologies you the American National Standards Institute deploy work well together. There are three (ANSI) and many others including 3GPP for interoperability targets: 3G/4G and the Wi-Fi Alliance. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) — also a Council Adhere to open standards. If you hope advisor — provides open standards for sharing to achieve your smart city goals, different spatial information, indoor and outdoor, and for technologies from different vendors must be communicating with sensors of all types. able to work together. In particular, they must be able to exchange information. Adhering to Although open standards are absolutely standards helps to guarantee that the products essential to the long-term success of a \RXEX\FDQXVHSUHGH¿QHGPHFKDQLVPVWR smart city, putting them into practice can talk to each other. be challenging. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of standards that apply to one And you don’t want just any standards, you aspect or another of urban life. The best advice want “open” standards — standards that is to leave the heavy lifting to the experts. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 58 CH 3: UNIVERSAL When you get to the project planning phase OPEN INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM DGHVFULEHGLQWKH¿QDOFKDSWHU VHOHFW suppliers with a public, proven commitment to open standards. Give them the task of Application Application Application selecting the best ones to use, subject to the oversight of your project manager or systems integrator. When it comes to the smart grid portion, there is happily some good news. The IEC has undertaken the job of creating a free Smart Grid Standards Mapping Tool that makes it far easier to discover and choose between SERVICE BUS standards. Using either a diagram or a list, you FDQGULOOGRZQWRDVSHFL¿FDVSHFWWKHQVHH a list of all the standards that relate. The IEC lists not just its own standards, but those from other organisations as well. Web service Web service Web service Web service Use open integration architectures and (module) (module) (module) (module) loosely coupled interfaces to facilitate sharing of data and reuse of code. This gets a bit technical, but the important thing to understand is that you can build your applications in a way that makes it easy • Faster software implementations architecture allows for high availability, to reuse code “modules,” saving time and because they can be assembled in part fault tolerance and load balancing — expense. Systems that are “loosely coupled” from previously written modules techniques that allow systems to deal with don’t have components that are dependent huge amounts of data on each other, theoretically making it easier • More robust implementationsbecause to swap them in and out. Open integration the city can have standardised tools and • Easier changesbecause you alter only architectures are enhanced by methodologies best practices the affected module(s), not the entire such as service-oriented architecture (SOA) application, and because changing one DQGHQWHUSULVHVHUYLFHEXV (6% %HQH¿WV • Greater scalability because the loose module has minimal impact on the rest of include: coupling that is part of an open integration the system Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 59 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Prioritise legacy investments. No city can analogue radios with state-of-the-art IP-based afford to rip out its current infrastructure and communications, stitching them together into a replace everything from scratch. Priority must seamless network. Likewise, a city government go to making the most of existing investments. FDQRIWHQ¿QGZD\VWRFRQWLQXHXVLQJROG 7\SLFDOO\WKDWPHDQVUHWUR¿WWLQJH[LVWLQJ software by sending its data to new software assets — streets, buildings, equipment — with modules that add value on top. Likewise, an sensors and communications. electric power utility doesn’t have to replace its old transformers, it can simply add transformer Fortunately, a wave of new, low-cost monitors to report on their conditions. technologies makes it possible to connect legacy assets. In the area of emergency response, it is now possible to integrate old, Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 60 CH 3: UNIVERSAL ƌĞĂƚĞĂĐŝƚLJǁŝĚĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ ƉŽůŝĐLJ͗ HOW JACKSONVILLE MADE ITS VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT MORE SECURE acksonville is the 14th largest city in North Jacksonville decided to upgrade to a Virtualisation Carolina and home to more than 70,000 residents. Experience Infrastructure (VXI) from Council member Create a citywide Jacksonville’s Information Technology Services Cisco, which supports Jacksonville’s operation centres. security policy J(ITS) department provides citywide support for all The approach goes beyond traditional virtual desktops that continually computer, phone, security and geographic information to deliver next-generation virtual workspaces by assesses risks: systems through its operations centre for over 500 end unifying virtual desktops, voice and video. users. Upgrading its ICT While Jacksonville citizens and employees have seen a infrastructure provided As the city’s workers became more and more QXPEHURIEHQH¿WVIURPWKHXSJUDGHWKHVROXWLRQKDV PDQ\EHQH¿WVIRU dependent on the ITS department, Jacksonville’s IT also helped Jacksonville’s virtual environment become Jacksonville, North GLUHFWRU(DUO%XQWLQJDORQJZLWKRWKHUFLW\RI¿FLDOV more secure. “Our IT department no longer has to Carolina, including better protection from decided it was time to refresh the department’s waste time monitoring for threats,” says Bunting. “VXI the growing number of infrastructure to ensure it remained fully functional at has made our environment increasingly secure and online threats. all times. It also wanted to give employees access to protected us from the growing number of online threats needed materials, but in a secure fashion. that comes with such a large number of users.” Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 61 CH 3: UNIVERSAL apply equally to their competition. One of the greatest challenges for smart city It’s one thing to have privacy rules. It’s another leaders is to reassure residents that their rights to ensure that residents and businesses know will be respected and their data protected. This about them — and yet another to actively section highlights three important targets that enforce them in collaboration with national and address those issues. state/province level authorities. Publish privacy rules.Make it a priority to A 2013 column in the Boston Globe titled “The produce clear privacy policies that are easily Too-smart city” garnered a lot of attention. It accessible. The rules should balance residents’ took a “big brother is watching” slant on the desire for privacy and control with the ability to Smart cities movement: “A city tracking its gain access to data to provide better services. citizens, even for helpful reasons, encroaches They should stipulate: on the personal liberty we count on in public spaces.” • Which data sets are owned by which stakeholders Cities and cultures will have different priorities for privacy. There are several sources of • What rights and protectionsare afforded guidance on privacy rules that cities may want by ownership to review. As you will see, you don’t need to invent your privacy guidelines from scratch. • Which data sets are private(requiring There are several sources of helpful examples, authorisation prior to sharing) including: • Which data sets can be sharedwith the city or authorised third parties • European Union Privacy Directive • How data can be sharedLIGH¿QHG • Electronic Privacy Information Centre protocols for making information • International Association of Privacy anonymous are followed Professionals Publishing privacy rules can save time, money • Criminal Justice Information Services and headaches. It can also unleash innovation. • Federal Information Processing Standard Entrepreneurs are more comfortable building new products and services if they know the 2I¿FHRIWKH,QIRUPDWLRQDQG3ULYDF\ Commissioner of Ontario, Canada rules in advance and they know those rules will Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 62 CH 3: UNIVERSAL WƵďůŝƐŚƉƌŝǀĂĐLJƌƵůĞƐ͗ CALIFORNIA UTILITY TAKES LESSONS FOR PRIVACY FRAMEWORK FROM CANADA he city of San Diego, California’s municipal utility Developed by Dr Cavoukian, Privacy by Design has in 2012 launched a ‘Privacy by Design’ smart grid been made an international standard, and is a practical Publish privacy initiative in conjunction with Ontario, Canada solution for ensuring privacy that can be designed into rules: TPrivacy Commissioner Ann Cavoukian, a recognized WKHHYHUJURZLQJDQGV\VWHPLFHϑRUWVRI,&7DQGRI champion of consumer privacy safeguards. large-scale networked data systems, as the default. Cities can turn to several established systems “Our cross-border partnership with SDG&E follows to get started. For similar successful alliances forged with other instance, the Privacy organisations globally, as well as in my jurisdiction by Design system, of Ontario, Canada, to build in Privacy by Design,” originally developed in Ontario, Canada, said Cavoukian. “Privacy is a fundamental right of is based on seven every energy customer, and I am very pleased to be fundamental principles. working with SDG&E to ensure that our innovative privacy framework is an integral part of the smart grid deployment.” Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 63 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Create a security plan that designs This plan should encompass data, applications, security into smart systems from the devices and communications systems at beginning, and continually assesses risks minimum. It should have a strong identity thereaftert.A smart city’s security policy access management component; cyber The streams of data that smart cities collect and risk management framework must be defence-in-depth security controls; “human create enormous opportunities, but also comprehensive, encompassing cyber security factor” security awareness training; and a require special handling. Smart cities treat as well as the physical security of all assets strong trustworthy computing foundation. public data as a citywide asset. That data — from massive infrastructure to tiny mobile needs to be accessible to other systems and devices. It’s best not let each individual city stakeholders, including where possible, the departments to come up with its own security research community to help ensure that Data privacy depends upon the security of the plan. Instead, leverage the best cyber-securitythe analytic environment is always current. systems that store data. Highly secure systems resources available to your city (internal Citizens, of course, will expect full access to are operated by authorised people only, and and external) to come up with one security their own data. These requirements demand a produce reliable, predictable results. Systems standard that everyone must meet. citywide policy. that are “insecure” are unreliable, highly vulnerable to attack, and subject to major data But even with the best experts and strongest As we move forward, city data will be used breaches. security plan, no city is immune from cyber by multiple applications from multiple attack. Therefore it is also extremely importantdepartments. And it may be used by outside New smart city capabilities — with everything to monitor breaking cyber threats and new developers as the foundation for useful from energy infrastructure to employee cell vulnerabilities, constantly, and to have detailedVHUYLFHVWREHQH¿WUHVLGHQWV$QHUURULQ phones connected on the Internet — add disaster response and system restoration plansmaster data can cause errors in all the tremendous connectivity, generate a lot of in place. applications that use it. In a similar fashion, an data, and offer great promise. But they also error in releasing data to those not authorised create what security experts call “an expanded An aggressive cyber-security plan, with can cause a cascade of problems. DWWDFNVXUIDFH´ZKLFKLQWURGXFHVVLJQL¿FDQW security control requirements, which all new cyber vulnerabilities. participating smart city departments must Many types of city-managed data become meet, can greatly reduce the risk of attack, infrastructure on which companies and Cities need an expert, comprehensive security and mitigate adverse consequences, should others can build wealth. A “spatial data plan at the heart of all smart city systems one occur. And, perhaps more important, it caninfrastructure,” for example, enables city development. Cyber security must be “baked- EXLOGWKHNLQGRIWUXVWDQGFRQ¿GHQFHLQVPDUWplayers to freely use and add to street and in” throughout the system, starting in the city systems (and their privacy controls) that landscape data as well as 3D building models, design phase, not merely added afterward can lead to wide adoption. point-of-interest data and weather data. around the perimeter. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 64 CH 3: UNIVERSAL One more time for emphasis. A smart applications as needed) and accuracy (by from a third party — sometimes called “hosted city’s most precious resource is the data it ensuring everyone is working with correct solutions” or “software-as-a-service” (SaaS). produces. Avoid squandering or endangering data). It can also lower costs by reducing Or it can be built and operated by a city using that valuable commodity by failing to carefully errors and eliminating unnecessary duplication. the same architectural principles as third-party GH¿QHDWKRURXJKGDWDSROLF\DVH[SODLQHG A citywide plan also makes it much easier to providers. below. enforce privacy, security and best practices. Cloud computing provides a common, shared Create a citywide data management, foundation across departments and across transparency and sharing policy.Ideally, different computer systems. Consider these cities should build a master plan and an attributes: information data model that spells out how data is governed, stored and made accessible. • Identity services for consistent and Best practices call for a clear governance Keeping up with ever-advancing computing secure single sign-on directive that a) establishes the chain of technologies in an era of budget constraints • authority and control over data assets and b) can put city leaders between the proverbial Virtualisation for seamless application spells out who makes access decisions and who URFNDQGKDUGSODFH%XWVPDUWFLWLHV¿QGD portability. Virtualisation is the creation determines accountability. The citywide data ZD\²DQGVRPHWLPHV¿QGWKHPRUHDGYDQFHG of a virtual (rather than actual) version of PDQDJHPHQWSROLF\GH¿QHVDFLW\LQIRUPDWLRQ solution is more budget-friendly too. Even so, something, such as an operating system. model for all entities and assets that preserves there is a right way and a wrong way to pursue A single server can run as multiple “virtual” relationships, attributes and behaviours. your computing objectives, as you’ll discover computers with different operating in reading about the four targets in this systems, for instance. This citywide policy should cover both private section. • Management functions for full visibility and public data and ensure that data from and control each department is made available to others. It Consider a cloud computing framework. There must also align with the policies in the security are many ways to deploy computers, but most• Scalability to support millions of data and privacy targets discussed previously. It FLWLHVVKRXOGFRQVLGHUFORXGFRPSXWLQJ¿UVW,W collection points is important for data to be stored on secure, is the computing framework best equipped to • Industry-standard frameworks and reliable and scalable systems long enough to GHOLYHUHI¿FLHQF\DQGRSWLPLVDWLRQ languages for writing applications enable the dependable pattern analysis and reliable forecasting explained in the analytics Cloud computing is the practice of using a Applications and services reside in the cloud, target later in this Guide. network of remote servers to store, manage and process data. Typically those servers are where they are accessible from any device. A citywide data management plan will increase accessed via the Internet. Please note that the city’s agility (ability to quickly build new cloud computing can be delivered as a service Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 65 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Additionally, those applications and services are typically built with an event-triggered However, by making raw public information create advanced features. Smaller cities would enterprise service bus architecture that easy to access, you allow city employees, never be able to afford the large ICT staff and provides a structured method for combining utilities, citizens and third-party developers to server farm required to host such applications loosely coupled software components. As we create innovative applications and services for on their own. discussed earlier in the interoperability target, WKHEHQH¿WRIWKHFLW\DQGLWVUHVLGHQWV this approach makes it easy to share data and Cloud computing may not be an immediate reuse software code between departments. Most of this information has been collected at option for every city. Cities that have already taxpayer expense. And most of it is available made large investments in other approaches 7KHUHDUHPDQ\EHQH¿WVRIFORXGFRPSXWLQJ to the public in theory. Until recently, however, may settle on a hybrid computing model. And it could not be accessed in a useful way. (You cities in geographies with a cultural emphasis Growth — It becomes easier to add computing can’t build a data-based application if you have on centralisation may prefer a centralised power in small increments WRJRFLW\KDOODQGSXOOLWRXWRISDSHU¿OHV computing model. Power — It’s typically less costly and simpler Establish an open innovation platform — New York City has been one of several leaders • to scale up computing services Open Data.Today’s Open Data movement in the Open Data movement. In September represents one of the most powerful RI¿FLDOVWKHUHDQQRXQFHGWKDWVLQFHWKH Reliability— If one computer crashes, others opportunities cities have to connect with launch of its Open Data portal in 2011, the city can easily pick up the slack. citizens in meaningful, life-impacting has opened up more than 1,100 data sets from ways. The move to make public data freely over 60 agencies. These data sets total more Cost — It becomes possible to mix and match accessible to anyone who wants to use it than 600 million rows and have received more hardware from different vendors, increasing for legitimate purposes has been referred than 2.8 million views. NYC also announced a choice and thus driving down expenditures. In to as “the big bang” for all of the Big Data city- wide plan to unlock all of its public data addition, many third-party providers will “rent” that cities are amassing today. by 2018. software to cities for a monthly charge, with little or no upfront cost. US President Barack Obama characterises Open Data as “the new default for government information.” Keep in mind Advanced features— Smaller cities can that Open Data doesn’t work well unless gain the same functionality as their larger it is discoverable, assessable and usable cousins by tapping into cloud offerings from through open data encodings and open third parties. The provider sells the service to software interfaces. many different customers, allowing it to enjoy economies of scale that make it possible to Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 66 CH 3: UNIVERSAL NYC, of course, is not alone. Government agencies around the world are embracing Open Data, providing dozens hundreds of applications that take advantage of city data. These applications range from: • Transit planning apps that show the best way to travel • Crime reporting appsthat show trouble spots • Street monitoring appsthat pinpoint potholes and problems • Mapping appsIRU¿UVWUHVSRQGHUV • Location appsWKDWVKRZZKHUHWR¿QG ATMs, hotspots, day care centres, urgent FDUHFHQWUHVJRYHUQPHQWRI¿FHVSDUNV meeting spaces, etc. 1. Governance and privacy issues.Who Clearly, Open Data and similar innovation to use the same data schema, which is owns the data, who controls it, what platforms can improve public services in often not the case. However there is an safeguards are in place to protect personal countless ways. It can also make government initiative underway involving seven major information when a city decides to open its agencies more accountable, generate new US cities — Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, data for public consumption? Open Data revenue streams and help to stimulate New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco SROLFLHVPXVWEHFODUL¿HGLQWKHEURDGHU economic growth. and Seattle — to create a database of data management, transparency and standardised Open Data applications. But cities often confront stumbling blocks on sharing policy discussed earlier. the road to an Open Data environment. Here Fortunately, help is at hand for cities that want 2. are two that may be most challenging: Non-standard data formats.Rather than to join the Open Data movement, as you’ll read spending taxpayer dollars to reinvent the on the next page. wheel in every city, one of the promises of Open Data is the ability to share apps between cities. But that requires cities Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 67 CH 3: UNIVERSAL here’s no single path to an Open Data initiative, city website, etc.) and what needs to get done by butmost cities will want to take these three steps: Establish an when and by whom. Third, smart city planners should open innovation emphasize the importance of open software interfaces Create a team of Open Data advocates. platform: T and open data encodings, preferably open interfaces You’ll want a team that includes personnel from a and encodings that implement freely usable global number of departments, including but not limited Italian utility giant Enel interface and encoding standards. These enable to: IT, communications/ media and managers from has championed the technical interoperability between diverse systems, Open Data movement, departments with data sets with citizen appeal – which enables Open Data policies to work. opening its corporate for example, public safety, transit, public health. data in the spirit of Perhaps most important is to have executive- level &KRRVH\RXU¿UVWSURMHFWTypically the safest increasing transparency, representation on the team – the city manager or approach is to choose a relatively small, low-cost favoring technological mayor, for instance. innovation and pilot project to get some experience, work out any improving the market problems and get a success under your belt. You it operates in Council Develop an Open Data policy.First, develop an Open may want to take the approach that other cities have member Enel is also at the helm of Flexiciency, Data policy that is included in and consistent with the found successful and reach out to your local developer a European initiative to community via contests and hackathons. They’ll city’s broader data management, transparency and use smart meter data to sharing policy. Second, create an Open Data policy likely have ideas about which data sets would make its fullest potential. roadmap that outlines your goals, which data sets useful apps. Another route is to analyze what kinds you will start with (this can be expanded once you’ve of information is most requested by members of the tried a few pilots), where and how you will make public. them available (a new web portal, on your existing Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 68 CH 3: UNIVERSAL OPEN DATA : HOW TO GET STARTED Once a city opens up its data, citizens and businesses by city, subject or source. Code for America (CfA) runs start to rely on it. They may even have their business a fellowship program designed to leverage technology Freeing London’s and revenue streams depend on it. Cities should make and government data to make cities run better. Among data: sure their Open Data implementation offers a 24x7x365 the apps developed by CfA’s fellows are Boston’s adopt- availability in a secure manner. As such, a choice for a-hydrant app and Honolulu’s tsunami warning app. The idea of London Open Data becomes a core responsibility of the city, Datastore established Data-smart city Solutions – an initiative by the Ash UHÀHFWHGLQDVWURQJLQIRUPDWLRQEDFNERQH in 2010 by the Greater Center at Harvard Kennedy School and powered by London Authority is that Bloomberg Philanthropies – features news and trends information collected Useful Open Data resourcesThere are many places to in civic data. It’s a helpful resource if you want to see at public expense turn for ideas and inspiration on Open Data initiatives. what other cities are doing with Open Data. Data.gov should be available to all, taking into account The Council’s free smart cities Open Data Guide is a showcases examples of cities and developers working privacy or commercial good place to start and our Apps Gallery showcases together to improve the lives of city residents. Open FRQ¿GHQWLDOLW\7KH many examples of apps created by and for cities using Data Platform formed in 2015 to open up the back end success of London’s Open Data. of open data projects. More than a dozen companies experiment shows have joined the association at the outset, including that it is also a way to garner a long list of Council members IBM, GE and Verizon. Association Other useful resources include: City Forward is a free, useful applications for web-based platform that enables users to view and members will use the same basic platform for their government, for business interact with publicly available city data about cities and RSHQGDWDVROXWLRQVSURYLGLQJDZLGHUDQJHRIEHQH¿WV and for everyday metropolitan areas around the world. On the site, which for cities undertaking open data projects. citizens, usually at zero expense to the city. is a philanthropic donation of services and technology from Council member IBM, users can search for data Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 69 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Have access to a central GIS: The Houston, Texas public works department GIS is available online. The rendering above shows water main locations. Having a GIS that maps all of a city’s assets and location information is a big contributor to what makes a smart city smart. Have access to a central GIS. A geographic layers of data — all linked by their geographic participate in a demand response program information system (GIS) that maps all of location (latitude and longitudinal coordinates) offered by their utility, and electric usage data the city’s assets and location information is so that greater insights into issues can be by zip code with the physical locations of the a big contributor to what makes a smart city discerned. For example, by layering one utility service territory to identify the potential smart. Most cities will want to implement a dataset on school facilities (building locations) IRUUHGXFLQJSHDNDWVSHFL¿FJHRJUDSKLFSRLQWV single, central GIS system so that data from with another dataset of the transfer routes for around the system. Such data can also be RQHGHSDUWPHQW WUDI¿FDOHUWVIRULQVWDQFH trucks carrying hazardous wastes through a used to target pilot programs or marketing can be shared with others (such as emergency FLW\ VWUHHWURXWHV \RXFDQUHFRQ¿JXUHWKH campaigns for maximum effect. In short, GIS responders). Some cities even share the cost travel routes to avoid such sensitive sites. provides a way to get much more value out of GIS services with outside organisations, of data from different sources, and display such as utilities and phone companies. In another example, Council member DNV GL results visually on a map for quick recognition combined customer survey data on appliances, of solutions. What GIS enables users to do is combine many the propensity of electric consumers to Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 70 CH 3: UNIVERSAL GIS is tailor-made for smart cities. To name just a few of the great applications of this different systems. Cities need to encourage technology, cities can use GIS to: use of open standards that provide seamless communication of geographic information • Map crime datato aid their public safety between different systems. Open interface and work encoding standards prevent vendor lock-in • Locate pipes, pumps, cablesand other and enable systems of many kinds to share assets to help better monitor and analyse all types of geographic information. Most WKHHI¿FDF\RIWKHLUZDWHULQIUDVWUXFWXUH GISs implement open encoding and interface standards that enable them to “talk to” • 0D[LPLVHWUDI¿FÀRZand share helpful other GISs as well as diverse mobile devices, WUDI¿FPDSVZLWKWKHSXEOLF emergency response systems, smart grids, sensor webs, smart vehicles and more. • Conduct better environmental impact assessments for their buildings and parks Being able to manage devices remotely and Application developers discover countless ZLWKFRPSXWHUDVVLVWDQFHRIIHUVVLJQL¿FDQW opportunities for innovation when cities provide 7KHUHDUHDOVRPDQ\EHQH¿WVWRFLWLHVZLWK EHQH¿WV$PRQJWKHP access to 3D urban models, address data, GIS: elevation data, zoning, bus routes etc., via • Cities can save time, improve their encodings and interfaces that implement open infrastructure security and quickly and • Spatial decision-making is greatly standards. easily implement any necessary software improved Have access to comprehensive network upgrades • (I¿FLHQF\JDLQV accrue through more and device management. Eventually cities • Cost savings accrue to cities through the intelligent maintenance scheduling and could have hundreds of thousands or even central management of their devices delivery routes millions of small devices connected to their • It is easier to enforce consistency • Improved accuracy of essential recordsnetworks. That’s a lot of devices! Smart cities (or their suppliers) will need a robust device and compliance with the city’s data such as property boundaries and locations management platform that handles tasks management, security and privacy policies. of key assets such as device detection and registration, • Resiliency is boosted through improved GHYLFHFRQ¿JXUDWLRQGHYLFHFRQQHFWLRQ situational awareness in times of stress. and disconnection, device security, device troubleshooting and device updates and Everything in a city has a location. In a smart upgrades. Such a platform is able to support city, location information is being used and virtually any kind of device, and it can span produced for countless purposes by countless multiple communications networks. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 71 CH 3: UNIVERSAL If power is out in a neighbourhood, the utility Today, infrastructure and system optimisation may not know it until a customer calls in. Same — if it occurs at all — happens without the story with transit operators, who may not get We don’t want to diminish the importance ability to truly see the big picture. But in the a heads-up that a bus has been disabled in an of the other enablers. But truth be told, smart city of tomorrow, optimisation will have accident until the driver has a chance to make analytics is a super enabler. Analytics takes data from many sensors and subsystems plus a call. massive quantities of data and turns it into the computer power to analyse all of that input actionable intelligence that enhances liveability, WR¿QGWKHEHVWSDWKIRUZDUG workability and sustainability in very direct Giving operators full situational awareness KDVDORQJOLVWRIEHQH¿WV2QHLVVDIHW\² ways. In this section we’ll cover three targets As you can see, infrastructure and system IRULQVWDQFHZHGRQ¶WZDQWSROLFHRI¿FHUVRU that let cities tap into the full power of RSHUDWLRQDORSWLPLVDWLRQRIIHUVPDQ\EHQH¿WV ¿UH¿JKWHUVVHQWLQWRGDQJHUZLWKRXWDIXOO analytics. For instance, in energy and water scenarios it: picture of what they’re getting into. A second is reliability and resiliency — for instance, 3URYLGHVIRUWKHHI¿FLHQWJHQHUDWLRQ Achieve full situational awareness.Gain utility workers can restore outages much more distribution, consumption and reporting of full knowledge of what is going on throughout quickly if they aren’t waiting for someone to resources, both in the aggregate and at the city. This situational awareness can be FDOOLQDQGUHSRUWWKHP$QGWKLUGLVHI¿FLHQF\ the individual business/citizen level delivered in many ways. From dashboards to — a full picture of the entire system makes it visualisations to command and control centres much easier to make the correct choices and • Strikes an optimal balance between asset and to alerts delivered to computers or phones. trade-offs. Additionally, operating budgets, and citizen needs and health The exact method of delivery depends on the staff and shift requirements can be reduced unique circumstances of your city. through mobile and remote monitoring and • Enables the application of learning in control technologies. In most cities, this kind of awareness doesn’t the continuous maintenance, tuning and happen today. If you consider systems commissioning of assets VXFKDVHQHUJ\ZDWHUWUDI¿FSROLFLQJDQG Achieve operational optimisation.Taking emergency response, you’ll recognise that steps to arrive at the best decisions (including Bottom line, operational optimisation delivers WRGD\¶VRSHUDWRUVDUHRIWHQ³À\LQJEOLQG´7KH\ ¿QDQFLDOGHFLVLRQV IRUWKHRYHUDOOV\VWHP$ cost saving, resource saving and better may know general parameters, but they don’t VLPSOHGH¿QLWLRQLV³WKHSURFHVVRIPDNLQJ outcomes to cities and people. know precisely what is going on at every point something as good as possible.” It implies throughout the system. One example is an balancing trade-offs to achieve the best electric utility that has not yet deployed smart results. meters or other sensing technologies across the electric grid. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 72 CH 3: UNIVERSAL ĐŚŝĞǀĞĨƵůůƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶĂů ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͗ ICT HELPS TRANSFORM DMIC WITH SMARTER AND SUSTAINABLE CITIES z he Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC), a The Integrated Communication Technology (ICT) public-private partnership aimed at creating a new Master Plan for Dighi Port Industrial Area developed by Achieve full transportation and urbanisation corridor between IBM provides a futuristic roadmap for the area including situational TIndia’s capital city, New Delhi, and its business the use of technology to deliver services to business awareness: capital, Mumbai. The vision of the Delhi-Mumbai and citizens such as monitoring energy consumption, Industrial Corridor Development Corporation Ltd WUDI¿FYLVXDOLVDWLRQLPSURYHGZDWHUPDQDJHPHQWDQG The Intelligent (DMICDC), is to create a strong economic base within enhanced public safety, education, and healthcare, Operations Centre will a globally competitive environment, and state-of-the- allowing the essential key services of the city to be integrate, interconnect art infrastructure to activate local commerce, enhance managed more effectively using smart devices, sensors and analyse large foreign investments and attain sustainable development and intelligent communications. amount of Big Data from various city operations along the corridor. that enables quick and Using IBM’s Smarter Cities software, the Intelligent coordinated response, With the aim of providing seamless digital connectivity Operations Centre, a command centre, will be improving safety, among townships and better living conditions, DMICDC established to integrate, interconnect and analyse large preventing problems, partnered with Council member IBM to develop one amount of Big Data from various city operations that and enhancing the quality of life with of the biggest industrial development projects of enables quick and coordinated response, improving HI¿FLHQWFLWL]HQFHQWULF the government of India — smarter and sustainable safety, preventing problems, and enhancing the quality services. JUHHQ¿HOGFLWLHVVSDQQLQJDFURVVVL[VWDWHVLQ,QGLD RIOLIHZLWKHI¿FLHQWFLWL]HQFHQWULFVHUYLFHV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 73 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Achieve asset optimisation. Smart cities Pursue predictive analytics.As we’ve said, gain the maximum lifetime value from all of smart cities can pull data pieces together to their assets by applying advanced analytics to analyse what is happening in real time and the data gathered from their instrumentation. make operational decisions. But the value of In other words, city assets — roads, power that data doesn’t end there. Through predictive poles, transformers, pumps and so on — are analytics cities can get a glimpse of what’s equipped with sensors and instrumentation going to happen next — from where crime is that report their condition. Then asset most likely to occur to where streetlights are management systems can analyse that data to JRLQJWRIDLOWRZKHUHWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQZLOO optimise asset performance and maximise their stall the morning commute. lifetime value. With predictive analytics, you can uncover Even a medium-sized city can save tens of patterns and associations you might not millions of dollars over time through asset discover as quickly otherwise. Schools, for optimisation. For instance, a city can service its instance, might use analytics to identify buses based on their actual condition, and not patterns in dropout rates and then which RQDJXHVVRUDQDYHUDJHRU¿[HGVFKHGXOH² students are at risk and which retention sometimes referred to as “condition-based” or strategies might prove effective. “predictive” maintenance. Here’s another example: Data scientists at the Likewise, a city can replace or upgrade only 86'HSDUWPHQWRI(QHUJ\¶V3DFL¿F1RUWKZHVW Pursue predictive the equipment that actually needs it, whether National Laboratory, a Council member, have analytics: water pumps or bridges. Doing that extends created a social media analysis tool capable the useful life of assets that may be past their of analysing billions of tweets and other social design life on paper but are still performing media messages in just seconds. The idea is Cities can get more from well in real life. to discover patterns and make sense of the the data they collect data and ultimately retrieve useful information through predictive analytics, which predict Good asset management systems can also that can enhance public safety and health. what is likely to happen determine the “criticality” of an asset, so the An increasing number of messages on social next. city can accurately prioritise which assets need media about social unrest could provide an DWWHQWLRQ¿UVWEHFDXVHRIWKHLPSDFWWKHLU early warning that can help authorities protect failure would have on the system as a whole. citizens from riots or other disturbances. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 74 CH 3: UNIVERSAL UNIVERSAL TARGETS Enabler Universal Targets Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance livability, None Partial Over 50%Complete workability and sustainability Achieve accessibility optimisation Inclusivity Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking Achieve citizen engagement Create institutional framework Collaborativity Pursue multilateral collaboration Human Achieve existing infrastructure optimisation Governance Formulate new supporting policy frameworks and regulatory mandates Institutional Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 75 CH 3: UNIVERSAL UNIVERSAL TARGETS Universal Targets Enabler Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance livability, None Partial Over 50% None Partial Over 50%Complete workability and sustainability Instrumentation and Implement optimal instrumentation Control Connectivity Connect devices with citywide, multi-service communications Adhere to open standards Interoperability Use open integration architectures and loosely coupled interfaces Prioritise use of legacy investments Publish privacy rules Security and Privacy Create a security framework Implement cyber security Technology Data Management Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy Consider a cloud computing framework Use an open innovation platform Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management Achieve full situational awareness Achieve operational optimisation Analytics Achieve asset optimisation Pursue predictive analytics Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 76 CH 3: UNIVERSAL Smart People Smart 4 A city isn’t smart because it uses technology. A city is smart because it uses technology to make its citizens’ lives better. This chapter focuses on the ’secret sauce‘ that turns the idea of a smart city into reality — the people who live in the city, who work in the city and the people who have hopes and dreams for the kind of city they will leave for future generations. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 77 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE Use innovative approaches to encourage broad participation in city decisions: Smart cities encourage all city stakeholders to develop a vision for the city they want to live in. ,PDJH +XϒQJWRQSRVW This chapter will focus on how to bring all city stakeholders together to develop a vision for the city they want to live in — and the one they want their children and grandchildren to live in. It’s about listening; about reaching out; about education and oftentimes it’s about a new mindset that is more open, more transparent and more focused on inclusion. For example, does your idea of listening to citizens consist of giving people a few minutes to speak during public meetings? And are mart cities do not taregt the use of As more and more people move to urban they invited to speak only after you’ve nearly technology as an end in itself, rather centres and strain often inadequate or ¿QDOLVHG\RXUSODQV",IWKLVLVKRZ\RXUFLW\ use it as a tool to formulate citizen- aging infrastructure, optimising, integrating “listens,” you probably aren’t hearing what is Scentric, inclusive and sustainable and the like become essential if cities are really important to your constituents — nor are ciities. Becoming a smart city is a going to provide their citizens with basic you hearing from a truly broad cross-section of continuous process to improve quality of needs — energy, water and shelter. your city’s population. And your projects may OLIHLQDZD\WKDWLVUHVRXUFHHϒFLHQWDQG ZHOOVXϑHUDVDUHVXOW environmental friendly. Very often smart However, the citizen focus is not technologies are portrayed as a means to underscored often or loudly enough by In this chapter, we’ll discuss a new mindset streamline, optimise, integrate, digitalise, well-meaning city leaders struggling to and showcase some of the exciting and systematise, consolidate and otherwise ¿QGDϑRUGDEOHVROXWLRQVWRSUHVVLQJXUEDQ innovative ways smart cities are building two- improve infrastructure. And that’s certainly problems. way communications with their citizens and a part of what smart cities are about. creating stronger initiatives as a result. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 78 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE The human side of guides the blind safely by accessing technology LQIRUPDWLRQIURPWUDϒFOLJKWVFURVVZDONV PAGE 69 buses, construction and weather reports. Technology for technology’s sake rarely serves Sensors at stores let them know if the FIGURE 3.2 a useful purpose. The magic in technology store is open, what it sells, where the is how it can transform lives. Consider these entrance is, etc. The project, backed by examples: Council member Cisco, was developed by a team from the University of Lorraine. • Improving the health of people at- • Making cities more accessible for all. risk. Myanmar, which has very high rate Accessible Way is an app developed by of infant mortality, is providing pregnant Council member IBM to enable citizens women with a free app from Council to report on mobility issues they spot as member Ooredoo that provides health they go about their daily lives — roads alerts with care information and medical DQGVLGHZDONVFURVVZDONVFXUEVWUDϒF services. In China, where the textile and streetlights in need of repair. Or when workforce is predominately uneducated there aren’t enough handicapped parking young women, a mobile program from spaces or when road signs are confusing Council member Qualcomm provides With just a few taps, people can report the access to health services and information. exact location and type of the problem, Both projects are improving lives for giving cities detailed information to populations that have disproportionately improve mobility. VXϑHUHGZLWKSRRUKHDOWKFDUH To battle the high volumes of complaints anticipated in Indian cities, the data • Helping children learn to read, write The human side of collected from the app could be prioritised and tell stories.In Australia, children who technology: with the use of analytics. couldn’t sit still for even a few minutes dramatically improved their language The smart stick enables abilities when the lessons were presented the blind tonavigate • Helping the blind navigate the cityThe in video game form. A project from cities more easily. smart stick is an idea that came from a Council member Microsoft made it easy for conversation an engineering student had teachers to tailor the game technology to with her blind uncle about the challenges WHDFKVSHFL¿FVNLOOVDQGWRHQFRXUDJHWKH he faced getting around a city. Connecting youngsters to practice. to the Internet of Things, the smart stick Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 79 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE Using open data to improve lives.Smart • Air pollution alerts inform people when cities can get more mileage out of their ICT air quality reaches a worrisome level, positions and save favourite routes for quick investments when they use analytics to sift allowing them to take steps to stay safe. access. the data provided via sensors and other App for Cornwall. Boosting tourism in smart devices to surface useful information • Restaurant inspection apps help citizens Cornwall, England is the intent of this that can help citizens improve their lives and choose dining establishments that take smartphone app that provides information livelihoods. We’ll talk in more detail later food safety seriously and stay away from on attractions, activities, places to eat, pubs, about the open data movement. You can also those that don’t. By extension they provide clubs, shopping, accommodation and much download the Council’s smart cities Open Data an incentive for restaurants that have been more. Guide for help getting your city started down lax with safety to do a better job. the open data path. In this section we’ll focus DengueLah.Singapore reported 22,318 PRUHRQWKHEHQH¿WVWRFLWL]HQVWKDWFDQFRPH 1RZOHW¶VORRNDWDIHZFLW\VSHFL¿FDSSV$V dengue fever cases in 2013, making it the from open data policies. you’ll see, cities of all sizes are participating in worst epidemic of the mosquito-borne viral the open data movement with apps that help disease since 2005, according to news reports. Opening or releasing data sets provides residents and visitors alike in countless ways. This app pinpoints dengue outbreaks in greater an opportunity for cities internally and the Singapore, based on data from the National developer community externally to use the Environment Agency. data to build Web-based and smartphone Toronto Cycling.This app has a dual purpose applications. As the open data movement has of enabling cyclists to track their rides with snowballed, so too has the depth and breadth GPS and help the city of Toronto improve Calgary Pets. People who want to adopt a pet of apps available today. current cycling infrastructure and plan for RU¿QGRQHWKDWWKH\¶YHORVWFDQXVHWKLVDSS future cycling investment. to connect to the Animal Services Centre in Consider just a few examples of common apps Calgary, Alberta. \RXFDQ¿QGLQFLWLHVDURXQGWKHJOREHWRGD\ Simon. Developed by Belfast, Northern Ireland housing charity Simon, this app provides quick and easy access, at a local level, to services if someone is homeless or is at risk of becoming • Interactive crime maps that help citizens Smart cities Apps Gallery see where crimes are occurring so they can homeless and also gives community members take steps to be safer or be more vigilant a way to help individuals in need. Browse through the Council’s Apps Gallzery and report suspicious behaviour. for many more examples of smartphone apps Scenic Puget Sound. With this app, developed by and for cities. 7UDϒFÀRZDSSVKHOSFRPPXWHUV¿QGWKHcommuters won’t rush to a ferry terminal only fastest route to their destination and by to learn their boat left 15 minutes earlier. Users doing so, helping relieve road congestion. can view ferry schedules, cameras and vessel Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 80 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE A day in your new urban life: HOW SMART CITIES LEAD TO HAPPIER CITIZENS W¶V0RQGD\PRUQLQJDUDUHGD\RϑIRU-RVLH%XW thermostat, pretty much every creature comfort in when the alarm on her smart wrist-phone chirps, her condo is automated. She told the system her she doesn’t reach for the snooze button. “Too much preferences, of course, but from then on it took care Sensors and to do today,” she reminds herself. Peeking around of the details. If it notices her overriding the original digitisation will Iher bedroom’s solar curtain, she’s pleased to see the settings, it quickly adapts to her new wishes. Her change lives: sun shining brightly. shower is programmed to run at the same temperature every day and her refrigerator sends an alert to her Day-to-day living “Perfect,” she decides. “I can bike over to the mall, phone when she’s running low on items she typically will become much GURSRϑWKHELNHDQGSLFNXSDFDUZKHQ,¶PGRQH´ has on hand. She just brings up the list when she’s at more convenient in the grocery store. tomorrow’s smart cities, -RVLHGRHVQ¶WDFWXDOO\RZQDELNHRUDFDU OLYLQJLQD thanks to the digitisation of just about everything. city with abundant share programs means she doesn’t She knows she’ll miss her condo when she and Miguel have to. And since the café she runs is only 10 blocks move into the loft they found. But the condo is on from her condo, she typically walks to work — or if the the small side for two people. Though the loft is small weather is really lousy, hops on a bus. She’s proud that too, it has transformable spaces thanks to “robot her city has a smart transportation system that uses ZDOOV´WKDWFDQEHPRYHGWRFUHDWHGLϑHUHQWVSDFHVIRU DGYDQFHGWHFKQRORJLHVWRVWUHDPOLQHWUDϒFÀRZ²DQG GLϑHUHQWQHHGV-RVLHLVHVSHFLDOO\KDSS\ZLWKWKHQHZ that it works. 7HOH:DOO7KHKLJKGH¿QLWLRQELJVFUHHQZLOOOHW0LJXHO telecommute much of the time and she plans to use it :DQGHULQJLQWRWKHNLWFKHQ-RVLHSRXUVKHUVHOIDFXS for the online courses she’s taking. RIFRϑHHWKDWVWDUWHGEUHZLQJZKHQKHUDODUPZHQW Rϑ%HWZHHQKHUVPDUWZULVWSKRQHDQGKHUVPDUW Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 81 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE After a quick trip to the roof to check on the garden she shares with the looks like she’ll exceed the goal she set for herself, while there is still building’s other tenants, she grabs her backpack and looks at a phone time to improve. app to see the closest available bike-share. Turns out, there is one just DURXQGWKHFRUQHU%XWLI-RVLHKDGEHHQUXQQLQJODWHRUIDFHGZLWKUDLQ\ She spends another hour trying on dresses suggested by the store’s weather, she had only to enter her destination into her city transit app VKRSSLQJVHUYLFHZKLFKWDSVLQWRDKLVWRU\RISDVWSXUFKDVHVWKDW-RVLH to get a route plan optimised for her preferences. has rated and posted for just this purpose. Then glancing at her wrist, she realises she has to get moving. She has promised to take her -XPSLQJRQKHUELNHVKHSLFNVKHUGHVWLQDWLRQIURPKHUIDYRXULWHV grandmother to a medical appointment and doesn’t want to be late. As list and transfers her phone display to an overlay in her glasses. She VKHZDONVWRZDUGVWKHPDOOH[LWRQÀRRUVWKDWKDUYHVWHQHUJ\IURPKHU LQVWDQWO\VHHVDQDOHUWIURPWKHFLW\¶VWUDϒFV\VWHPZDUQLQJRID footsteps, she passes a car-share wall display that has embedded smart downtown parade that threatens to jam her usual route. She picks an WDJV6KHZDYHVKHUZULVWSKRQHDWWKHZDOOWR¿QGWKHQHDUHVWHOHFWULF alternate route calculated by the system and follows the directions as car — and sees there’s one fully-charged just two blocks away. they appear in her glasses. 'XULQJWKHPHGLFDODSSRLQWPHQW-RVLHLVUHOLHYHGWRVHHWKHVSHFLDOLVW 7KHSXUSRVHRIKHUWULSWRWKHPDOOLVWR¿QGVRPHWKLQJWRZHDUWRD KHUJUDQGPRWKHULVVHHLQJIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHSXOOXSHOHFWURQLFUHFRUGV party. But as she walks past the virtual city hall that occupies a small that provide a complete view of her medical history. She’s heard stories storefront near the mall entrance, she realises she can take care of DERXWHOGHUO\SDWLHQWVVXϑHULQJKDUPIXOGUXJLQWHUDFWLRQVEHFDXVHRQH another item on her to-do list. doctor doesn’t know what the other is prescribing. “This is pretty sweet,” she says as she sits down in a private “closet” :KHQVKH¿QDOO\JHWVKRPHWKDWHYHQLQJLWLVGLQQHUWLPHDQG-RVLH¶V HTXLSSHGZLWKKLJKGH¿QLWLRQYLGHRHTXLSPHQWWKDWDOORZVKHUWR hoping a robot will appear with a gourmet meal — but then she sees interact with a remote city agent. She tells him she needs a permit for 0LJXHOZDLWLQJIRUKHUZLWKDSL]]DER[DQG¿JXUHVWKDW¶VFORVHHQRXJK a street fair her cafe is going to participate in, but doesn’t know what LW¶VFDOOHG7KHDJHQWTXLFNO\¿QGVWKHIRUPVKHQHHGVWUDQVPLWVLWWR WKHWRXFKVFUHHQLQIURQWRIKHUDQG-RVLHLVDEOHWR¿OOLWRXWDQGVHQGLW back within minutes. Before she leaves the agent mentions a new waste management system the city is testing at restaurants. It’s “pay as you throw” — meaning the less they throw away and the more they recycle, WKHORZHUWKHLUPRQWKO\ELOO-RVLHOLNHVWKHVRXQGRIWKDWDQGVLJQVXSRQ the spot. She asks for daily updates. Since her trash and recycling bins are monitored by smart sensors, the city knows moment by moment KRZPXFKWUDVK-RVLH¶VFDIHKDVDFFXPXODWHG,WFDQZDUQKHUZKHQLW Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 82 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE Who sets the agenda? So where do bright ideas that make cities smarter and citizens’ lives better come from? 6KRXOGHOHFWHGRϒFLDOVGHYHORSDYLVLRQWKDW they sell to residents? Or do citizens announce their needs and set priorities? Smart cities realise the answer is a combination of both. The traditional top-down approach to city planning and decision-making tends to result either in improvements that are more iterative than innovative, or sweeping initiatives that get stuck. Plans that are developed using very limited input may miss out on unique YLHZSRLQWVWKDWFDQJLYHWKHHϑRUWVRPXFK more strength. Further, since the entire project risk is on one person or a small group, and the answer was a bit surprising. They these projects tend to avoid risk altogether, said they wanted a smarter version of what A bottom-up and therefore avoid making any dramatic they already have. Thinking of the place their approach can be improvement. Or, if the project is truly grandchildren may eventually call home, the more inclusive: UHYROXWLRQDU\LWPD\QHYHUJHWRϑWKHJURXQG workshop participants all wanted something There’s always resistance to change, and even that’s more sustainable and liveable, but they Centre for Civil Society if the vision is good, some may try to stop it also wanted it to be recognisable. They were is an independent public for political reasons if they can’t claim at least concerned that only the rich and powerful policy think tank based part of the success as their own. in New Delhi working have a say in shaping the city, and desperately on research, advocacy wanted the smart city to enhance — not A top-down vision may also result in a city and outreach on critical replace — the city that they know. public policy issues that that few people want to live in. Do you really DϑHFW,QGLD know what your residents want? Have you A bottom-up approach is typically much more asked? An operations management lecturer at innovative and inclusive. As Council member the University of Leeds decided to ask Boston Oracle describes it, this approach turns citizens residents what they wanted from a smart city, from end-users to begin-users. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 83 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE a smart cities vision of their own. They just can’t accomplish it on their own. When people are left out of the discussion and the solution, they are deprived of the infra- structure and resources they need to succeed. It’s not a case of charity. As cities become increasingly urban, the success of lower- income neighbourhoods is the success of the city as a whole. A smart city incorporates all communities and devotes attention to providing the necessary infrastructure in those neighbourhoods that are falling behind. With populations swelling, providing equitable access and raising living standards of those typically left behind is the only way cities can become truly livable and sustainable. Mixing top-down While this sounds ideal, it isn’t a perfect model, and bottom-up: either. With a large number of people acting An approach that mixes top-down with bottom- spontaneously, this approach can be full of up brings together the best of both worlds and Communities need complexity. Their solutions may also miss the some governance, they avoids common pitfalls. Communities need mark if the participants aren’t representative of just don’t need heavy- some governance; they just don’t need heavy- the community as a whole. They may work for handed governance. handed ’my way or the highway‘ governance. themselves instead of for everyone. It brings together a wide variety of people Under a light governance model, city leaders ZLWKGLϑHUHQWEDFNJURXQGVZRUNLQJWRZDUG That last point demands more attention, as it’s set guardrails for the citizens to work within. a common interest. You will have groups of one of the biggest sources of risk and missed Rigid rules are replaced with conditional SHRSOHWU\LQJGLϑHUHQWLGHDV6RPHLGHDVZLOO opportunities in smart city projects. People in models. Instead of restrictive rules that tell work; others won’t. People adapt and will likely low-income neighbourhoods are typically left people what they can’t do, leaders enable join together to work problems out. Eventually, out of bottom-up planning. As Rick Robinson, the community to come up with innovative WKHEHWWHULGHDVZLOOÀRDWWRWKHWRSUHVXOWLQJ IT Director for Big Data and smart cities at solutions within certain boundaries while in an imaginative vision that’s not usually Amey, points out, these people are not without ensuring that everyone has a voice. possible with centralised decision-making. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 84 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE Building consensus: HOW CITIZENS TOGETHER REBUILD CONSTITUCIÓN AFTER EARTHQUAKE fter a devastating earthquake and tsunami Experts worked as facilitators. They helped shape levelled much of Constitución, Chile in 2010, concepts from brainstorming sessions into workable Building residents came together and developed a new ideas; they did not dictate what would be done. consensus: Acommunity master plan in just 90 days. And they did it largely without the Internet and without using tax Internet access was spotty, so while social media After a devastating UHYHQXH7KH%ULFNVWDUWHUEORJSUR¿OHGWKHZDUSVSHHG was used to solicit some ideas, it wasn’t the primary earthquake and SURMHFWZKLFKLVUHPDUNDEOH&RQVWLWXFLyQ¿QLVKHG vehicle. Weekly town meetings were. To make sure tsunami, residents of its sweeping plan and built consensus in just three everyone knew about the meetings, organisers drove &RQVWLWXFLyQ¿QLVKHGD months. Here’s how it happened: around town with a loudhailer inviting people to sweeping master plan attend. The meetings were packed and lively. Residents for rebuilding their city and built support for it in Shortly after the disaster, leaders opened a community congregated around whiteboards to sketch out ideas. just three months. centre in town and invited residents to stop by to The experts served as valuable resources to answer not only see the progress being made, but also to TXHVWLRQVDQGKHOSUH¿QHLGHDV3DVVLRQDWHGHEDWH help shape the work being done. Regular meetings was not only allowed, but encouraged. Those heated were designed to put everyone in the city — from discussions helped identify and shape priorities. And FLW\RϒFLDOVDQGEXLOGLQJH[SHUWVWRWKHFLWL]HQV participation remained strong throughout the process. themselves — on the same level. The role of experts Often a rebuilding process like this has strong initial was completely redesigned. interest but rapidly loses steam. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 85 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE The project was paid for by a forestry public more prime area to enjoy the water and public to drive the process resulted in a true company — one of the biggest businesses in also provides more protection, should another transformation that most likely wouldn’t have Constitución. Normally, that would be viewed tsunami ever hit. been possible if it had been driven by politics. as a huge liability. Instead, the company was just another participant in the discussions. It Open space and recreation areas are a key But the public also couldn’t do it alone. The city funded the work with no strings attached. Any feature of all the new housing developments. started the process by preparing a very rough XQHDVHDERXWLWVSRWHQWLDOLQÀXHQFHTXLFNO\ More riverfront areas were also turned into vision that it encouraged participants to attack. vanished due to the way it conducted itself. It public walkways and parks. The city is also This jumpstarted the lively debates about the ensured that it had no more of a voice than SXWWLQJWKH¿QLVKLQJWRXFKHVRQLWVQHZFXOWXUDO city’s future. anyone else. centre. Co-design is what the city called its approach; Within four years after the 50-foot (19-metre) For its new downtown, which is truly something the city provided guidance and resources to tsunami washed away Constitución homes and to envy, the city credits its hybrid planning help citizens achieve their vision. It also helped businesses, nearly 500 new homes were built. approach. The disaster provided an incredible that people came together to discuss issues in So too were businesses and parks. There is a opportunity for the community to improve its public; in circumstances like this one, there’s newly reconstructed foreshore, which gives the livability and sustainability, and allowing the much to be said for talking face-to-face. FLWL]HQVDUHQ¶WW\SLFDOO\HϑHFWLYHWRGD\LIWKH\ surveys its residents every other year about Empowering citizens ever really were. Unless there’s a hot-button various topics and the so-called barriers to issue, citizen participation in public meetings citizen involvement rarely change. Nearly Empowering citizens means that they not only tends to be weak. And cities get little out of half of residents say they simply don’t have have a voice, but they’re also regarded as a them, too. Public meetings tend be held near time to participate. It’s not that they feel it’s key stakeholder helping shape a project. For the end of the process, so forums on any a waste of time — the survey shows most citizens to be empowered, they also have to controversial issue tend to be venting sessions SHRSOHEHOLHYHWKH\FDQPDNHDGLϑHUHQFH EHHQJDJHGDQGWKDWPD\UHTXLUHDGLϑHUHQW ZKHUHFLWL]HQV\HOODWVWDϑDQGHOHFWHGOHDGHUV in their communities — they just don’t have mindset within city hall. the time to participate, don’t know about When you ask, the public is typically quite the opportunities, or the meetings are at The business-as-usual approaches that cities clear about why it doesn’t participate in inconvenient times. have used for well over a 100 years to involve government more. Cary, North Carolina Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 86 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE Cary is hardly unique, and if you try to put yourself in your citizens’ shoes, the problem Use multiple becomes obvious. Most city meetings tend communications to be scheduled during the middle of the day tools: or in the evening on a weeknight. How many Technology has SHRSOHFDQDϑRUGWRWDNHRϑZRUNWRJRWRD changed the waypeople committee meeting? Or if you spend all day communicate in their personal lives and it only working at a job, rush home to make dinner makes sense that cities for the family and help the kids with their trying to engage citizens homework, would you have the energy to go to VKRXOGUHÀHFWWKHVH a council meeting at night? changing preferences. Viewed from the perspective of citizens, it’s pretty easy to see why the traditional public participation model doesn’t work. And smart cities need to understand that if it doesn’t work for their citizens, it won’t work for them either. The authors of “The Responsive City: Engaging Changing the engagement mindset Today, • Continue the conversationwhen the Communities Through Data-Smart Governance”building an engaged community requires com- project is complete; share results and ben- VXJJHVWPDQ\FLW\VWDϑHUVDUHQ¶WSDUWLFXODUO\ municating with citizens on their own terms. H¿WVVRWKH\FDQVHHWKHLULQYROYHPHQWZDV fond of public meetings either. For one, they worthwhile. FDQEHSDLQIXO(LWKHUWKH\DUHERULQJDϑDLUV • Provide ample opportunities for citizens attended by the same small group of people to get involved in a time and manner that Doing these things may require getting your who complain about the same things, or works for them. FLW\VWDϑWRWKLQNRIFLWL]HQFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQ they’re very intense meetings where they are a new way. The key is not just more commu- the focus of an angry mob. Says co-author QLFDWLRQ LW¶VPRUHHϑHFWLYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ • Give updates early and oftenso that 6WHSKHQ*ROGVPLWKZKHQ\RXWHOO\RXUVWDϑWR which occurs when you put citizens’ needs and people can be involved in the earliest stag- communicate more, they tend to think about SUHIHUHQFHV¿UVW Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 87 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE knew it had to get citizens involved if it had any hope of achieving its Greenest City in WKH:RUOGLQLWLDWLYH%XWVWXϑ\PHHWLQJV didn’t seem the right way to build engagement, especially when the subject was the outdoors. So the Vancouver Planning Commission and neighbouring municipalities worked to bring engagement into the communities. The city of Burnaby held an environmental festival, full of music, food and family-oriented activities. Others organised ’walk shops’, a moving conversation that allows community members and planners to get to know a neighbourhood better together. And the North Vancouver mayor organised a bike tour to help residents learn about new bikeways, cycling improvements and talk about future initiatives. 5HGXFLQJWUDϒF Ideas that connect ‘Doors open’ days in Halifax, Nova Scotia. congestion and Halifax hosts ’Doors Open‘ days where citizens accidents: communities are invited to explore historic buildings and more contemporary venues for free. Halifax Parking can be made The best communication method is one that native Hugh MacKay, who brought the idea PRUHHϒFLHQWWKURXJK meets the unique needs of a community. to his city after seeing Doors Open events in instrumentation and mobile other Canadian and European cities, told the apps. ‘Vertical Automatic In the next section we’ll talk about digital Parking Lot’ Chicago 1932. communications. But even in this day and Chronicle Herald that he was encouraged by Original photo: British Pathe, DJHFLWLHVDUH¿QGLQJRWKHUHϑHFWLYHZD\VWR a comment he heard during the 2013 event: Image: NY Daily News connect with citizens, and citizens to connect “It was the remark of a recent immigrant to with each other. Below are examples both low- Canada who commented that nothing in his tech and high-tech. experience had ever demonstrated to him the openness of Canadian government so much as walking into city hall and being greeted by the Events and ’walk shops‘ bring people mayor and welcomed to Doors Open.” together in Vancouver, BCVancouver, BC Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 88 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE Applying thescience of well- being to local governance: SANTA MONICA’S WELL- BEING INDEX HELPS SHAPE CITY PRIORITIES ith a million-dollar grant from Bloomberg • Strong civic engagement with large numbers of Philanthropies’ Mayors Challenge, the city of people voting (79%) and volunteering (38%) 6DQWD0RQLFD&DOLIRUQLDVHWRXWWRVFLHQWL¿FDOO\ Applying Widentify and assess the well-being of its Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 89 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE 3ULRUWR 3RUWR$OHJUHIDFHGVLJQL¿FDQW engagement, they can also result in truly ¿QDQFLDOFKDOOHQJHVIURPGHLQGXVWULDOLVDWLRQ innovative ideas. When given the opportunity in-migration, indebtedness and a poor revenueto be artistic and creative, many will jump at base. But thanks in part to participatory it. The Burnaby Homeless Task Force, which budgeting, the World Bank cites some serves part of Vancouver, BC, got a group spectacular achievements in the years that of quilters together to produce a piece that followed. Among them: Between 1989 and illustrated the wide diversity of the homeless 1996, the percentage of the population servedpopulation that relies on its service. The quilt by the municipal sewage system rose from was displayed at the library to help tell the 46% to 85% and the number of children story of its important mission in a new way. enrolled in public schools doubled. The project attracted the attention of Quilts Bringing young people into the thick of Etc., a national bedding retailer, which has FLYLFDϑDLUVLQ6DOLVEXU\0DU\ODQGYoung since supported a number of projects to draw people compete for seats on the Youth Civics attention to the homeless population and Council — a student-inspired initiative that collect supplies for them. $QRWKHUYLHZIURP(O-RQHVWKH+DOLID[SRHW has each youth council member identify a laureate: “You can live in this city and never community issue, develop a plan to address Here’s another example: Small communities be in city hall and never be to Province House it and then present it to the city council. And often create tight bonds between neighbours, and particularly sometimes people feel that the teens take it quite seriously, according to creating a tight-knit community where they WKHVHVSDFHVDUHWKHVHNLQGRIRϒFLDOVSDFHV local media. Here’s an example: “Bennett High may share resources, such as tools or food. that they aren’t welcome in. I think it’s very junior Ahmed Osman is focused on tourism, %XWD¿UVWRILWVNLQGQHLJKERXUKRRGQHDU important for people to claim those spaces in unemployment and recruiting businesses to Austin, Texas, goes well beyond that. People their own cities and go into these places and locate in downtown Salisbury, and Davis has who live there can also share electricity. say I have a right to be here and I’m going to ideas designed to open up the Plaza to two- Community First! Village is described as look at what’s on the walls and I’m going to be ZD\WUDϒFDQGHQFRXUDJHPRUHEXVLQHVVHV WKHZRUOG¶V¿UVWQHLJKERXUKRRGSRZHUHGE\ part of this city as well because it’s mine.” to open in that area in particular. Davis is crowd-sourced energy. It’s the work of an also exploring the concept of city-county organisation that’s been working for years to reduce homelessness. By allowing people Participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, consolidation to reduce government costs.” to donate energy, it removes one more large Brazil. Porto Alegre is credited with pioneering worry for cash-strapped residents. the concept of participatory budgeting back in Helping citizens help each other. If given the 1980s to empower people to participate in WKHFKRLFHEHWZHHQVWXϑ\DQGIXQQRERG\ Council Lead Partner Itron is helping sponsor setting priorities for how public money should ZRXOGFKRRVHVWXϑ\3KRWRFRQWHVWVDQG the project and built the infrastructure for the be spent to solve city challenges, from mobility other creative competitions not only boost donation system. to sanitation to education. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 90 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE KīĞƌĂŶŝŶƚĞŐĂƚĞĚĐŝƟnjĞŶ portal for services: BOROUGH’S CITIZEN PORTAL CUTS COSTS, IMPROVES SERVICES As a leader in public sector IT, the London £11 million cashable savings between them, without Borough of Newham wanted to improve its service cutting front-line services. 2ϑHUDQLQWHJDWHG delivery and digital engagement with citizens, citizen portal for while reducing costs. By sharing services with the A The council is starting with its most used citizen services: neighboring local authority of Havering, Newham is services in initiating greater digital engagement with pioneering a transformation in both councils using a residents. These include service requests for waste bins The Newham portal trio of technologies from Council member Microsoft – and recycling, parking enforcement and revenues and meets the challenge of Dynamics CRM, SharePoint Server and BizTalk Server. EHQH¿WV delivering high-quality services with fewer Its online portal service, which is available to every Potential exists for other authorities – including the resources, given the resident, will encourage more people to conduct London Borough of Waltham Forest – to join them, 8.¶VWLJKW¿VFDOSROLFLHV for local and regional WUDQVDFWLRQVRQOLQHUDWKHUWKDQDWFRXQFLORϒFHV:LWK IXUWKHULPSURYLQJHϒFLHQF\DQGSURYLGLQJKLJKTXDOLW\ government.. reusable technology, the platform will contribute to customer service. Newham and Havering’s target of more than Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 91 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE That’s not to suggest that cities shouldn’t use VRFLDOPHGLDLQWKHLUHQJDJHPHQWHϑRUWV²LW can be quite valuable. But it’s important to remember that the audience you’ll reach is a subset of your community and therefore there are some limitations to the insights you glean. 'LJLWDOHQJDJHPHQWHϑRUWVSULPDULO\ZRUNLQ two ways. Digital tools can help you measure what people in your community are thinking and they can help you create an online forum where people can share and debate ideas. We’ll cover both in more depth. Listening in on the social buzz.Whether or not your city is listening, people are talking Mixing top-down and Yet because social media is so ubiquitous and about it, from the challenges they face on their bottom-up: easy to use, there is a temptation to use it as morning commutes to encounters with city an only source for engaging the public. That VWDϑ7KHVHFRQYHUVDWLRQVDUHKDSSHQLQJRQ social media. In fact, on Twitter alone, more Communities need some can be short-sighted since social media only governance; they just captures one segment of the population. In than a half a billion tweets are sent each day. don’t need heavy-handed the US, for example, Facebook is by far the Enter social sentiment analysis. governance. most popular social media platform. But even there, only 70% of adults who go online have Council member IBM has combined natural Facebook accounts, according to the Pew language capabilities with its data analysis Research Centre. About a quarter of online platform to transform online conversations into Engaging communitiesadults use Twitter, LinkedIn or Pinterest. real-time, instant polls. For example, IBM’s digitally Social Sentiment Index helped Bangalore and Another Pew study found that social networks 0XPEDL¿QGWKHLUVRXUFHVRIKHDGDFKHV overall attract people who make less than While face-to-face conversation is often $30,000 annually or more than $75,000; the preferable, it isn’t always possible. Thankfully, middle-class is under-represented. technology is helping make it easier than ever to engage those who don’t have the time or ability to participate in traditional meetings or public events. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 92 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE Sparking online discussions Online discussion forums aren’t new, but they are experiencing something of a resurgence in the public sector. Cities are creating their own discussion forums as a way for citizens to post ideas and weigh in on city proposals and to encourage others to join the civic conversation. The city of Reykjavík, which is home to about SPEAK UP two-thirds of Iceland’s residents, has had great SCOTTSDALE success with online forums, which it uses to discuss everything from the budget to neigh- bour- hood issues. About 40% of residents use the online forum, and the city council has com- mitted to discussing the top topics each month. Scottsdale, Arizona launched Speak Up One discussion thread led to safety But you may not need an elaborate online dis- Scottsdale in 2012 to give citizens a way improvements for pedestrians at a newly- FXVVLRQIRUXP&LWLHVPD\¿QGWKH\JHWPRUH to present ideas and provide feedback. The expanded shopping center. The city quickly public feedback simply by making it easier for website is a moderated discussion forum took notice after several other residents FLWL]HQVWRFRQWDFWWKHP7KH6KHULϑ¶V2ϒFHLQ that also has the ability to launch polls and gave the initial post a thumbs up. Stearns County, Minn., saw a 500% increase surveys. in crime tips when it added a simple email Most ideas can’t be implemented contact form to its website. As its site drew The city has started open-ended LPPHGLDWHO\EXWFLW\VWDϑW\SLFDOO\ PRUHWUDϒFWKHQXPEHURISHRSOHGRZQORDG discussions on everything from its vision acknowledge the suggestion the same day ing crime prevention information more than statements to changes that would make it is posted and post follow up messages in doubled as well. its website more useful to the community. the discussion forum as they invetigate the Residents can also start their own idea and come up with solutions. For online discussions to thrive, cities must discussions, which have been wide ranging. commit to a two-way dialogue. If people ask When a resident starts a discussion, other One idea was for the city to encourage questions or present ideas, someone from the citizens can vote on whether or not it’s a Internet service providers to bring gigabit city should respond. If citizens decide nobody high priority issue for them too. Internet to the area; the city provides is listening, they’ll quickly lose interest. updates every few months on the progress it has been making. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 93 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE Encourage Next-generation eGovernment innovation: Thanks to advanced technology, cities don’t Indian Government have to look far today for help providing a wide Debuts e-Gov Appstore array of digital government — or eGovernment Pilot Store which will act — services. as a common repository for developed apps, components and web Council member Imex Systems, for example, services used by various helps cities turn a number of departmental government agencies systems into a single enterprise system for and departments at State and Centre level. end-to-end service delivery. By doing so, public RϒFLDOVJHWDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFLWL]HQV¶ interaction with the city. The eGov services that companies like Imex provide range from to personalise virtually every interaction. In thecitizen portals to mobile payment systems to ơ Ǧ Web 1.0 world, digital governmental services billing systems and cloud services. for services typically meant a series of websites. Those sites were typically designed from the point ofAnother example comes from Council view of the government. To navigate their wayPHPEHU6XQ*DUG3XEOLF6HFWRUZKLFKRϑ HUV We’ve talked about how important it is for DURXQGWR¿QGZKDWWKH\QHHGHGRIWHQWLPHa range of eGov services for not only cities, citizens to be involved in the pursuit and consuming and frustrating. EXWDOVRVROXWLRQVVSHFL¿FWRWKHLUSXEOLF realisation of a smart city. That’s why it’s safety departments and courts. Additionally, crucial that cities create an integrated, Now we have the ability to create personalisedSunGard’s Click2Gov solution empowers comprehensive online portal for people to customer portals and personalised outbound citizens through interactive mapping access their smart city services. messages. More and more citizens are comingcapabilities, calendaring and self-service to expect personalisation, since they receive bill-pay options. And increasingly important Today websites and mobile applications can it in so many other parts of their lives. in many cities today, Click2Gov supports recognise individual citizens and deliver And when these portals are designed with multilingual communities, detecting and personally tailored information to them. mobility in mind, it helps people capitalise translating the user interface so language Such digital interactions with citizens allow on the timeliness of their personalised data. barriers don’t interfere with access to city VPDUWFLWLHVWRHQKDQFHWKHLUHϒFLHQF\DQG Personalised e-government services increase services. HϑHFWLYHQHVVDWWKHVDPHWLPHWKH\KHLJKWHQ citizen satisfaction and compliance while citizen satisfaction. Until recently, it was far reducing mistakes and misunderstandings too expensive to personalise service for each that can occur when they are forced to dig up resident. Today, however, the technology exists information on their own. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 94 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE 2. Timely reports of progress toward those The role of city leadershiptargets. If citizens are empowered to set the agenda This plan should be articulated in ways that and craft solutions, what is there left for citizens and other stakeholders will understand city leaders to do? A lot. To move cities because they see its connection to their lives. IRUZDUGFLW\OHDGHUVDQGVWDϑQHHGWRSDUWQHU with stakeholders — citizens, the business Arguably this may be the most important FRPPXQLW\DFDGHPLDQRQSUR¿WVRWKHUSXEOLFpiece of the entire Readiness Guide since by agencies, etc. With a smart cities project, that GH¿QLWLRQDFRPSUHKHQVLYHSODQZLOOFRQVLGHU may mean inspiring stakeholders by educating all the other aspects of an ICT-enabled smart them on the possibilities and encouraging themcity. A comprehensive plan sets the stage by: to get involved. It also means guiding the project’s implementation to ensure that it is done correctly, on time and at reasonable cost. Maximising synergies and minimising costs. &RQVLGHULQJWKHELJSLFWXUHFDQKHOSDFLW\¿QG 7RIXO¿OWKLVHQGRI\RXUSDUWQHUVKLSZLWK\RXU ways to share infrastructure and share cost community, you need a comprehensive plan. doing away with unnecessary duplication of ICT This plan is by no means static; it should be investments. continually evaluated and updated as you prepare for and travel on your smart cities Identifying the best places to start.Picking journey. It also encompasses all work streamsthe ’low-hanging fruit‘ — which are projects in every single responsibility and enabler that have a big return for a relatively small discussed in this Readiness Guide. The plan investment in money and time — often makes RUJDQLVHVFLW\HϑRUWVDQGUHVRXUFHVDFURVV most sense. If a city starts with those “big GHSDUWPHQWVLGHQWL¿HVDQGDUWLFXODWHVFLW\ bang” projects, it can build momentum and priorities and plans action steps to achieve thepublic support. And it can potentially generate Partner with recommended targets. revenue for use on future projects. stakeholders: A comprehensive smart city plan calls for: Enabling cities to build separate projects. With a smart cities project, that may mean :LWKDSODQLQSODFH\RXFDQEHFRQ¿GHQW inspiring stakeholders everything will work together in the end by educating them on 1. Measurable targets for livability, because you’re adhering to principles and the possibilities and workability and sustainability standards that ensure interoperability and encouraging them to collaboration. get involved. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 95 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE Supporting practices In the chart below you’ll see supporting practices that will help cities realize the No matter how integral technology targets are, technology targets discussed in previous a smart city vision will never be fully realised chapters. Unless otherwise noted, these if those targets aren’t planned, deployed and supporting practices apply to every city PDQDJHGFRUUHFWO\7KDW¶VZK\ZH¶YHLGHQWL¿HG responsibility area covered in this Guide. In - supporting practices for cities to consider the Ideas to Action chapter that follows this as they plot a course towards the future. As one, we will explore how cities can enact these you’ll see in the pages ahead, these supporting policies to best achieve the technology targets practices are all dependent on people making and become smart cities. smart decisions to get maximum value out of their technology investments. We’ve already covered citizen engagement SUPPORTING PRACTICES extensively, so in the pages ahead our focus will be the other two supporting practices. • Utilize a bottom-up approach to city planning and decision-making 1. Policy and leadership. This includes • Promote a comprehensive smart city plan Policy & Leadership the management policies and leadership • Encourage shared infrastructure capabilities that cities use to plan for and • Cultivate a smart workforce support ICT investments. For example, • Encourage a culture of innovation ,&7ZLOOEHQH¿WFLWLHVWKHLUUHVLGHQWVDQG businesses most when a comprehensive • Adhere to a disciplined and integrated technology smart city plan has been created. Finance & Procurement procurement plan • Consider all fundingmechanis 2. Finance and procurement.These • Continuously pursue two-way communication with practices help cities buy and pay for the FLWL]HQVRQVWUDWHJLHVIRUDQGEHQH¿WVRI,&7EHIRUHDQG technologies they need. Employing proven after deployment techniques can help a city get the right 2ϑHUDQLQWHJUDWHGSHUVRQDOL]HGFLWL]HQSRUWDOIRU technology, at the right time, at the right Citizen Engagement services price. One example is developing an • Disseminate timely information about public safety, integrated procurement plan for technology public health, transportation and other services that across all city departments. impact the public Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 96 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE ŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶŝŶLJŽƵƌ city: MOBILE SHOPPING IN KOREA BRINGING CONVENIENCE TO CONSUMERS major retailer in South Korea set a challenging time, while simultaneously saving shoppers’ time spent goal: to become the number one grocery retailer going to the supermarket. It’s the kind of innovation Encourage without adding new physical stores. Instead, they that can help cities attract and retain a talented, innovation in your created “virtual” stores, starting with the city’s digitally savvy workforce and also show businesses that A city: subway stations. WKH\VXSSRUWQHZLGHDVWKDWEHQH¿WWKHLUFLWL]HQV The shoppers in this Displays at virtual stores are the same as physical The retailer in this case not only helped consumers use Korean subway station stores. Wall-length billboards are installed in stations, their idle commute time by bringing the store to them. are not looking at designed to look like shelves and displaying images It has also become the number one player in the online physical products. and prices of common products. Each sign includes a market and second in physical stores. Instead, they are QR code; consumers shop by scanning products. Their viewing a wall of life-like pictures. They scan the order is then delivered within the day. products they want, which are delivered to Workers in Korea typically work long hours and the their homes. strategy makes productive use of commuters’ waiting Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 97 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE — and having backup plans in place should problems occur — simply makes sense. Beyond reducing redundant spending and HϑRUWEHQH¿WVRIVKDULQJLQIUDVWUXFWXUH between departments can: • Uncover wasteful duplication • Surface potential synergies and new solution opportunities With such a framework a city can move • Reduce arguments and friction a better future and a path to get there, which towards its targets one step at a time, knowing • Unearth and enforce best practices is what your comprehensive plan lays out. that individual projects will be compatible with citywide. each other, even if they are built separately at Emphasising the need for change and GLϑHUHQWWLPHV change management. Smart cities are $QRWKHUELJEHQH¿WRIVKDULQJLQIUDVWUXFWXUH visionary projects. As with all such projects, is that a city can improve overall results Increasing public support.Since a organisations undertaking them will be most by bringing multiple minds and multiple comprehensive plan promotes the future successful if they are good at articulating viewpoints to the table. Additionally, future EHQH¿WVDQGSDLQWVDSLFWXUHRIWKHIXWXUH and fostering change. Comprehensive smart expansion and applications are fast-tracked improvements in livability, workability and city plans promote “change management” when infrastructure is shared because sustainability, it can have public understanding strategies that ensure minimum negative computing and information assets are no and support. It can also help rally support and impacts and maximum positive outcomes in longer stranded in separate ’silos’. ¿QDQFLQJIURPWKHSULYDWHVHFWRU their pursuit of a smart city. In some cases, it may also make sense for a VPDUWFLW\WRH[SORUHWKHEHQH¿WVRIVKDULQJ Attracting talent and business. A smart city Share infrastructure.It doesn’t take someone its infrastructure with the private sector. For wants to woo today’s mobile professionals and IURPWKHFLW\EXGJHWRϒFHWRVHHWKHYDOXHLQ example, this is important when it comes to easy-to-relocate high-tech businesses, but both reducing needless duplication and redundant broadband and cellular connectivity. Often are increasingly choosy when deciding where spending. And that’s what can happen it is private sector operators who are best to establish themselves. They are attracted to when cities recognise interdependencies suited to deploy and maintain these networks cities that have a strong, compelling vision for between departments and the value of cross- with a high degree of reliability, security and coordination. Actively seeking ways to share coverage. ICT infrastructure between city departments Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 98 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE Emphasising need for change and change management: PARLAN ACHIEVES COMMUNITY-BASED CAREGIVING n order to deliver high-quality services in a Parlan met that challenge by working with Council WUDQVSDUHQWZHOOFRRUGLQDWHGDQGFRVWHϑHFWLYH member Microsoft’s Healthcare and City Next Partner, Emphasising way, the Netherlands chose to decentralise its Winvision to develop WinCare, a mobile, cloud-based need for change youth care system and transfer the responsibility to tool for managing client data that facilitates greater and change Imunicipalities — while reducing youth care budgets. client engagement and cost savings. WinCare built management: The new Youth Act passed in 2014 which mandated RQ2ϒFHDQG0LFURVRIW'\QDPLFV&502QOLQH that municipalities would be responsible for delivering to transform service delivery, improve caregiver job All caregivers in the all youth care programmes beginning 2015, posed a satisfaction and increase family engagement. childhood’s network huge challenge for healthcare and social services. can now access the All caregivers in the childhood’s network can now same information. The To ensure a consistent level of service in all cities access the same information. The solution saves time solution saves time and and towns, the government divided the country’s 408 DQGVLPSOL¿HVHPSOR\HHPDQDJHPHQWE\DXWRPDWLFDOO\ VLPSOL¿HVHPSOR\HH management by municipalities into 41 service regions. Social service tracking travel expenses and work hours. Caregivers automatically tracking organisations work together within each region to DUHQRZDEOHWRGRWKHLUMREVPRUHHϒFLHQWO\DQG travel expenses and support the nation’s 394,000 youths. At the same time, better engage with clients in their own homes, with work hours. budgets allocated for delivering these services are IHZHUWULSVEDFNDQGIRUWKWRWKHRϒFHIRUGDWDHQWU\ being reduced by as much as 20%, which challenges ²XOWLPDWHO\EHQH¿WLQJFDUHJLYHUVFOLHQWVIDPLOLHVDQG caregivers to deliver more care at a lower cost. the community as a whole. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 99 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE Working smarter optimise smart city technologies should be a championing a city’s “open for innovation” priority. mantra. Whether it’s hosting hackathons as $NH\IDFWRUWKDWFDQDϑHFW\RXUDELOLW\WR New York City has been doing since 2009 or deliver on your smart city promises is your Many options exist for promoting a smart city establishing an entrepreneur-in-residence workforce. There are two components to this: ZRUNIRUFHDQGFLWLHVVKRXOG¿QGWKRVHWKDW program as San Francisco has, these are point EHVW¿WWKHLURZQQHHGVDQGFLUFXPVWDQFHV people who can help foster a spirit of creativity (QVXULQJ\RXUVWDϑKDVWKHVNLOOVWKDWVPDUW For instance, you may choose to: and collaboration throughout city departments infrastructure deployments demand, and 2) and also into the community-at-large. Making sure they see the big picture and can • Organise or partner with professional DEDQGRQVLORVWRZRUNWRJHWKHUHϑHFWLYHO\ groups to identify skills needed On the next page, for example, read how a major South Korean retailer worked with Working smarter won’t happen overnight. • Promote relevant licensing exams and transit authorities to launch an innovative It involves serious long-term planning and continuing education curriculums virtual grocery store in a busy subway station. careful consideration of the resources you need • Use a ‘sustainable’ designation for today, over the next year, and several years professionals from now. ICT projects have a lifecycle and it’s critical to have the right resources with the • Publish guidelines or create incentives to right knowledge at the right time. Because include smart technology topics in public highly-trained workers are in high demand, it’s and private education and workforce important that you plan now so that you will training. have the resources when you need them. Encourage innovation in your city Cultivating a smart workforce In addition to an active campaign to train and groom a skilled ICT workforce inside city hall, cities that embrace and encourage a culture of For skilled ICT workers, you’ll be competing innovation citywide will attract businesses and not only with other cities and government talent drawn to that kind of environment. agencies, but the private sector as well. To ensure you have the skilled workforce a smart &KLHI,QQRYDWLRQ2ϒFHUVDQG&KLHI'DWD city requires, developing policies and programs 2ϒFHUVDUHEHFRPLQJLQFUHDVLQJO\FRPPRQ that cultivate that workforce will help. Building in larger cities and can play a critical role in the skills necessary to install, maintain and Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 100 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE Use a common language: A common language framework KHOSVUHGXFHWKHSRWHQWLDOIRUFRQÀLFW setting benchmarks, and communicating more clearly with all involved, including any vendors who will help execute the vision. Tell a story Most of us can remember plenty of stories we were told as children. You may have retold them to your own children. By contrast, how many college lectures do you remember? Stories have remarkable power to capture our miscommunication. The City Government attention and imagination. What language are you 3URFHVV&ODVVL¿FDWLRQ)UDPHZRUNZDVEDVHGRQ speaking? discussions APQC has had with more than 750Your smart cities vision may resonate more organisations over the past 30 years. The ExcelZLWKWKHSXEOLFDQGFLW\VWDϑ LI\RXSUHVHQW ZRUNVKHHWGH¿QHVSURFHVVHVDQGODQJXDJH your concept with the elements of a story. Communication is the overriding theme in uses throughout government services, Set the stage for your vision. What can this chapter. We’ve talked about various ways including legislative, executive and judicial, asbe improved and why does it need to be city leaders can engage the community in well as related city service providers, such as improved? The plot is the approach you will use conversation and the information you should public safety, health, zoning and licensing. to address and solve the challenge. The climax communicate. But the words you choose are is where you paint a picture of the future of also very important. If people misunderstand APQC says the common framework helps takethe city where everything is running smoothly. the plan or the progress the city is making WKLQJVWKDWZHUHGLϒFXOWWRXQGHUVWDQGRU And every story needs characters; don’t forget toward it, your words can leave the community articulate and make them more transparent. yours. They are the people who live and work uninspired, gravely disappointed or both. Having an objective standard helps reduce in the city. WKHSRWHQWLDOIRUFRQÀLFW0LFURVRIWDGGVWKDWLW A new tool created by developer APQC with gives cities a head start in their improvementBut as you’re busy telling your story, just don’t support from Council member Microsoft HϑRUWVE\FODULI\LQJZKHUHRSSRUWXQLWLHVDUHforget to listen to others who are telling theirs. promotes common language to help eliminate Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 101 CH 4: SMART PEOPLE The important thing is that smart city projects Finance and procurement results may surprise you. supporting practices are deployed so that they work together. 7KHUHDUHGR]HQVRIGLϑHUHQWZD\VWR¿QDQFH Your procurement plan should favour infrastructure. Among them: Implementing smart city technologies in an interchangeable hardware and software from era when so many cities are budget-strapped diverse vendors, to stimulate innovation and 3XEOLFSULYDWHSDUWQHUVKLSV LVJRLQJWREHD¿QDQFLDOFKDOOHQJH%XWLW competition and to allow for interoperable • Performance contracting doesn’t have to be an insurmountable one. systems. The plan should also establish Cities will need to get creative, though. In this selection criteria that go beyond just the • Philanthropic grants section we’ll discuss how to develop a solid ’lowest price’. It prioritises for solutions: • Development bank loans procurement plan and how cities should look • Pay-as-you-go beyond traditional funding mechanisms for • Least prone to obsolescence 6DOHOHDVHEDFN their technology needs. • Most easily expanded to meet future needs • Revolving funds • Most resilient • Guarantee schemes Adhere to a disciplined and integrated 0RVWFRVWHϑHFWLYH • Utility incentives technology procurement plan. There are two • Easiest to install and use • On-bill repayment through local utilities key words here: disciplined and integrated. • Most relevant to addressing the objective • Local incentives and credit programs First, a city’s procurement plan for smart • Reduced permitting time city technologies should include a disciplined Adhering to a disciplined procurement plan • Density bonuses EXVLQHVVFDVHWKDWLGHQWL¿HVDQGTXDQWL¿HV can dramatically decrease overall costs. It can • Pay-for-performance FRVWVDQGEHQH¿WVRYHUWKHSURMHFWOLIHWLPH also greatly extend the life and value of the Secondly, all city departments need to be technologies purchased because the plan will To increase bargaining power, cities should integrated in the procurement plan to ensure include provisions to ensure interoperability also consider joint procurements and economies of scale, best practices, elimination and open standards. buying coalitions with other cities, states, of redundant purchases and interoperability. regions, federal agencies and the military. By Consider all funding mechanisms.Too often FRQVLGHULQJDOO¿QDQFLQJRSWLRQVDFLW\PD\EH It’s also important to think of your cities consider only a single ’traditional‘ method DEOHWRDϑRUGVPDUWFLW\LPSURYHPHQWV\HDUV procurement plan as a living document, WR¿QDQFHWKHWHFKQRORJ\LWQHHGV,QVRPH earlier than more traditional means might one that includes (and regularly updates) a regions, that method may be funding from allow. The sooner installed, the sooner the city WHFKQRORJ\URDGPDSWKDWLGHQWL¿HVWKHRSWLPDO the central government. In other parts of the ZLOOUHDOLVHWKHSD\EDFN)RUPRUHRQ¿QDQFLQJ sequence of investments and implementations. world, it may be municipal bonds. But in an era options, download the Council’s smart cities Of course, cities should start with whatever when so many municipal budgets are already Financing Guide. It provides detailed, expert SURMHFWWKH\ZDQWDQGEHÀH[LEOHDERXWWDNLQJ strained, you’ll need to explore the widest DQDO\VLVRIPXQLFLSDO¿QDQFHWRROVIRUFLW\ on new projects and changing plans as needed. possible range of funding mechanisms. And the leaders investing in the future. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 102 CH 10: SMART PEOPLE Built Environment 5 The built environment is an essential piece of the smart city puzzle. Buildings are the biggest single source of carbon emissions, accounting for about 40% of the world’s carbon footprint, according to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Buildings are energy hogs too, eating up nearly half of all energy consumed in the United States. Any city serious about livability, workability and sustainability must raise the “intelligence quotient” of its built environment. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 103 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT Urban Built Environment ‘Built environment’ that is designed and constructed by human – all places created RUPRGL¿HGWROLYHZRUNHGXFDWHDQG recreate, present both challenges as well as opportunities. It refers to buildings, of course, but also to parks and recreation areas, public spaces as well as communities. However, three aspects of the built environment – transportation infrastructure, energy infrastructure and water infrastructure – are not emphasized here because they are addressed in separate chapters later. 7RGD\XUEDQEXLOWHQYLURQPHQWVLVDFRPSOH[ G\QDPLFPL[RIPDQPDGHVXUURXQGLQJ and their relationship to human activities, which are achieved through every stage – themaster planning, design, construction, and management.Current built environments his chapter will give city leaders and GHPDQGVDGHTXDWHHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQWEXLOGLQJV planners the tools to make the built safe drinking water, clean air, safe sanitation, environment part of the solution. It begins less impact on environment due to urban TE\GH¿QLQJWKHWHUPVDQGH[SODLQLQJ infrastructure and require a structured how buildings interact with information and framework approach for assimilating different communications technologies (ICT). It turns components in a systematic approach. QH[WWRWKHZD\VPDUWEXLOGLQJVFUHDWHEHQH¿WV for a city. Finally, it lists the technology targets WKDWDOORZDFLW\WRDFKLHYHWKRVHEHQH¿WV$V we go along, we’ll pause for brief case studies from around the world. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 104 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT Improving occupant comfort, safety, and health: SHELTREX PLANS SMART, AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR ORAGADAM ith most of the top automobile companies 6KHOWUH[OHYHUDJHG,%0¶V³6PDUW&LW\)UDPHZRUN´ having set up operations, the fastest growing LQWHJUDWLQJFXWWLQJHGJHWHFKQRORJLFDOIHDWXUHVZLWKLQ Improving suburb in Chennai, Oragadam, is facing major the township, to enrich lives of residents and facilitate occupant comfort, FKDOOHQJHVWRSURYLGHVXI¿FLHQWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHWR EHWWHUORQJWHUPWRZQVKLSPDQDJHPHQW,%0KDV W safety, and health: DFFRPPRGDWHJURZWK6KHOWUH['HYHORSHUVHQWHUHGLQWR helped design the digital roadmap for the township a technology partnership with Council member IBM to ZLWKDPHQLWLHVOLNHUDGLRIUHTXHQF\LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ:L IBM formulated the establish smart development in the heart of Oragadam, )LHQDEOHGOLYLQJVSDFHVRQOLQHHGXFDWLRQQHWZRUNV technology design to not only to provide solutions to the growing affordable technology museum and smart infrastructure. integrate multiple city housing scarcity, but also to create well planned urban agencies that will deliver infrastructure Technology integrated housing, spread On the basis of discussions with leading consultants, DXQL¿HGFLW\RSHUDWLRQ over 26.6 acres. IBM formulated the technology design to integrate helping all departments to better collaborate PXOWLSOHFLW\DJHQFLHVWKDWZLOOGHOLYHUDXQL¿HGFLW\ and share information to 6KHOWUH[¶V2UDJDGDPSURMHFWZLOOEXLOGVPDUWDQGFRVW operation, helping all departments to better collaborate improve the experience effective homes targeted at people working in this DQGVKDUHLQIRUPDWLRQWRLPSURYHWKHH[SHULHQFHIRULWV for its citizens. LQGXVWULDOKXEDQGLVH[SHFWHGWREHFRPSOHWHGE\ citizens. IBM will be advising across areas like township 2021. The project is strategically located at the State governance, public safety, utilities, transportation Highway 57 just off Grand Southern Trunk Road in close DQGFRPPXQLW\7KHSURMHFWLVDQH[WUHPHO\H[FLWLQJ vicinity to the automotive corridor of Southern India. development in the real estate industry. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 105 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT One of the major causes of environmental plans – but this may actually be a boon as ‘Smart Buildings’ or ‘Intelligent Buildings’ – the degradation in India could be attributed they can now prepare their plans on the basis common shorthands for structures empowered to rapid growth of population and of improved standards, advanced knowledge by ICT – are fundamental building block of industrialization, which has adversely affected about integrated city operations enhanced by a smart city. Smart buildings use sensors, the natural and built environment, primarily technologies, and greater public participation. meters, systems and software to monitor and WKURXJKWKHH[FHVVXVHRIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV control a wide range of building functions – JHQHUDWLRQRIZDVWHDLUZDWHUSROOXWLRQDQG Buildings are a prominent part of every city, OLJKWLQJHQHUJ\ZDWHU+9$&FRPPXQLFDWLRQV increased pressure on land. Environmental IURPSULYDWHKRPHVWRRI¿FHVLQVWLWXWLRQV video monitoring, intrusion detection, elevator pollution not only deteriorates the factories, shops, schools, hotels, restaurants PRQLWRULQJDQG¿UHVDIHW\DPRQJWKHP environmental conditions but also adversely and theatres. affects the health of people. India is one of $XWRPDWLRQWHFKQRORJLHVWRSOD\DNH\UROH the most environmentally degraded countries Fortunately, there are multiple ways cities LQWKHHI¿FLHQWRSHUDWLRQVRIEXLOGLQJV in the world and it is paying heavy health and can overcome the problems by deploying The industry estimates the Indian building economic price for it. greener approach, innovative solutions and automation and control systems market to ICT technologies, as you’ll read about in the grow three fold in revenue terms by 2019. :LWKVZHOOLQJXUEDQSRSXODWLRQDQGSRRU following pages. 6PDUWPRQLWRULQJFURVVGHYLFHFRPSDWLELOLW\ implementation of rules and regulations, the voice commands, wireless connectivity, lighting cities are growing in unplanned way, leading $VWKHVXVWDLQDEOHJUHHQPRYHPHQWLV enabled by motion sensors are a few features WRXQFRQWUROOHGVSUDZORIVOXPV$VSURIHVVRU increasingly adopted by the designers and of smart homes. -DJDQ6KDK1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI8UEDQ$IIDLUV building owner, now there are more than says ’this has resulted in the sprawling of 3,124 green building projects, with a footprint This chapter will give city leaders and planners urban centres with haphazard growth patterns of over 2.75 billion sq. ft. registered with the tools to make the built environment part and a corrosive effect on the surrounding the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), RIWKHVROXWLRQ,WEHJLQVE\GH¿QLQJWKHWHUPV UHJLRQ´ of which 617 green building projects are DQGH[SODLQLQJKRZEXLOGLQJVLQWHUDFWZLWK DOUHDG\FHUWL¿HGDQGIXQFWLRQDO*RLQJIXUWKHU information and communications technologies 6HYHUDORIWKHVPDOOHUFLWLHV±7LHU,,DQG the local government, civic authorities and ,&7 ,WWXUQVQH[WWRWKHZD\VPDUWEXLOGLQJV 7LHU,,,FLWLHVRQFHXQWDSSHGDVVHWV±DUH utilities providers are the key inceptors for FUHDWHEHQH¿WVIRUDFLW\)LQDOO\LWOLVWVWKH VKRZLQJVLQFHUHSURPLVHWREHWKHQH[WVHWRI formulation smart cities. However, individual, technology targets that allow a city to achieve major metropolitan cities. But what will take private building owners and businesses WKRVHEHQH¿WV it to develop these cities optimally? However, FDQVLJQL¿FDQWO\FRQWULEXWHE\PDNLQJDQG many of these cities do not have master operating private and public buildings smarter. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 106 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT Why make built environment smarter? Clearly it is at the community level that many of the most important aspects of environmental preservation and health are being addressed. :K\PDNHEXLOGLQJVVPDUWHU",QLWV-XQH Global Sustainability Perspective, real estate developer Jones Lang LaSalle put it this way: ³$GYDQFHVLQVPDUWEXLOGLQJWHFKQRORJ\DUH HQDEOLQJDQHZHUDLQEXLOGLQJHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\ and carbon footprint reduction, yielding a UHWXUQRQLQYHVWPHQWIRUEXLOGLQJRZQHUVZLWK LQRQHWRWZR\HDUV:HFDQQRZSHUIRUPUHDO time remote monitoring and control of entire portfolios of buildings, leading to dramatic Lead by exampleand ensure that its own improvements in building performance and EXLOGLQJVDGKHUHWRWKHWDUJHWVH[SODLQHGLQ The methods cities adopt for driving change PHDQLQJIXOHQHUJ\VDYLQJV´ this chapter, unleashing the power of ICT in in built environments will vary, of course, but public buildings. leaders pursuing a smart cities agenda will want smart buildings as an action item. Create and enforce codesand standards that So what are the technologies and best embody the changes it wants practices targets that enable a smarter built The city-building connection environment? This chapter will discuss how Create incentives for owners to make their targets introduced in the Universal chapter In most cities, the built environment is a buildings smart DSSO\WRWKHEXLOWHQYLURQPHQW%XW¿UVWD SDWFKZRUNRISULYDWHDQGFLW\RZQHGEXLOGLQJV quick look at interdependencies between the But even though a city government may Educate residentsthrough public awareness built environment and other services, and then own only a small fraction of the buildings, it and outreach campaigns WKHEHQH¿WVDQLQWHOOLJHQWEXLOWHQYLURQPHQW can hold great sway over all buildings in its provides. jurisdiction. For instance, it can: Provide supportand guidance by giving access to advice and trained staff via web, phone or in person Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 107 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT Ƥ targets Here are just a few of the ways an intelligent EXLOWHQYLURQPHQWFDQHQKDQFHOLYDELOLW\ZRUN ability and sustainability. Livability Improving occupant comfort.:LWKIXOO situational awareness and optimisation of building conditions, a smart building can tailor light, heat and cooling to each area or even to HDFKLQGLYLGXDO$VSHRSOHDUHVSHQGLQJPRUH time indoors, improving that environment improves their comfort quotient and health. Enhancing occupant safety.ICT can greatly vehicle charging stations in the years ahead, improve safety and security via access cards, Interconnectedness which is something cities need to take into YLGHRPRQLWRULQJ¿UHDQGVPRNHDODUPVDQG assessment consideration. Building occupants require similar means. Full situational awareness SRWDEOHZDWHUDQGZDVWHZDWHUUHPRYDO$QG means that building operators have a complete reliable communications are a requirement $VFLWLHVHQYLVLRQSODQQLQJLPSURYHPHQWVLQWKH picture of their building and its environs, and today for business and industry as well as built environment it is paramount to take into are able to respond to issues or threats in real residents. Improved public safety enriches consideration the interconnectedness among WLPHDVZHOODVRSWLPLVHGD\WRGD\EXLOGLQJ the quality of life and enhances the built the various city services and systems. There management. In some cases, these systems environment. are some straightforward interdependencies FDQHYHQDXWRFRUUHFWSUREOHPVUHPRWHO\ such as energy, water, telecommunications, and public safety. Conversely, smart buildings decrease CO2 emission and smart community planning Improving occupant health. Indoor air can enhances walkability, bikability and healthy be more polluted than the air outdoors. Smart Commercial, industrial and residential building food access, ultimately improving health, buildings monitor air conditions to ensure that systems alike all require electricity and/ or wellness and quality of life. RFFXSDQWVDUHQ¶WH[SRVHGWRKLJKOHYHOVRI natural gas. Many will be adding electric FDUERQGLR[LGHUDGRQRURWKHUFKHPLFDOV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 108 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT Reducing water and energy waste: ENVISION CHARLOTTE: CONNECTING PEOPLE WITH INFORMATION AND INSIGHTS uilding smarter, more sustainable cities H[SHUWLVHWRWKH6PDUW:DWHU1RZSURJUDPZKLFK requires the support of public, private and civic will aggregate information into a single number Reducing water stakeholders. Envision Charlotte is charting a representing total usage, then drive awareness and and energy waste: new course. By taking a holistic and integrated behavioural change to reduce consumption. The results Bapproach to engaging these disparate groups and will lower operational costs, improve sustainability, Kiosks in buildings GHPRQVWUDWLQJWKHEHQH¿WV²ERWKHQYLURQPHQWDO engage occupants and contribute to the overall value throughout Center City DQGHFRQRPLF²RIODVWLQJFKDQJHWKHLQLWLDWLYHKDV proposition of working and living in Centre City. help participants see a assembled a strong consortium of public and private more direct link between interests with shared vision and momentum. $ZDUHQHVVDQGNQRZOHGJHDUHNH\LQJUHGLHQWV their daily business and SHUVRQDODFWLYLWLHVDQG of sustainability and change. But what’s the best the impacts to energy 7KHDPELWLRXVSURMHFWZLOOWUDQVIRUPWKHGRZQWRZQ² way to get information to people who need it? and water usage. FDOOHG&HQWUH&LW\²LQWRDQLQFXEDWRUIRULQQRYDWLYH Measurement technology, like Itron’s smart meters and technological solutions. The initiative’s aims are not communications, provide unprecedented insights with VPDOO HQHUJ\DQGZDWHUHI¿FLHQF\ZDVWHUHGXFWLRQ QHDUUHDOWLPHGDWD%\UHQGHULQJWKHGDWDLQLQWXLWLYH green building and site planning, as well as engaged ZD\V²WUHQGLQJEHQFKPDUNLQJDJDLQVWRWKHUEXLOGLQJV businesses and citizens. in the area, or correlating with other data sets like weather–program participants are better able to assess Smart Cities Council member Itron is lending its how they can build, operate and live smarter. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 109 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT Providing convenience and “remote control” capabilities.:KRKDVQ¶WOHIWIRU that it is impossible to meet sustainability goalsand other greenhouse gas emissions are lower vacation only to wonder if you remembered to without using smart technology to improve thein smart cities. activate the burglar alarm? Thanks to advances Reducing the frequency and cost of repairs. EXLOWHQYLURQPHQW([DPSOHVLQFOXGH in ICT, remote control capabilities can remotely Reducing energy waste.Most buildings can Today’s building management systems can monitor and manage security and energy save 10% to 30% on energy just by installing monitor key equipment to notice problems systems from afar using a computer, tablet or an intelligent building management system to DVVRRQDVWKH\DUULYHRULQVRPHFDVHV smartphone. manage devices such as occupancy sensors, predict problems before they occur. They can light dimmers and smart thermostats. prioritise work orders so the maintenance crew always works on the most important problem There are many other ways a smart building ¿UVW$QGVLQFHWKH\FDQNHHSHTXLSPHQW¿QH Workability can reduce overall costs too. For instance, WXQHGLWRSHUDWHVDWPD[LPXPHI¿FLHQF\ buildings with smart meters or smart thermostats can participate in utility demand Lowering business utility bills.Smart Enabling distributed generation. Not only UHVSRQVHSURJUDPV%\EULHÀ\UHGXFLQJ buildings save on power, water, gas and waste, can ICT reduce energy waste, it can help consumption during peak times they allow giving owners and occupants a competitive EXLOGLQJVSURGXFHWKHLURZQHQHUJ\YLDRQ WKHXWLOLW\WRPDNHGRZLWKIHZHUH[SHQVLYH advantage. site solar panels, wind turbines, fuel cells standby power plants. (See the Energy chapter DQGWKHOLNH'LVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQZRQ¶W for details.) replace power plants outright. But together Increasing worker satisfaction.:KRGRHVQ¶W with energy storage and demand response, ZDQWWRZRUNLQDVWDWHRIWKHDUWEXLOGLQJ it can reduce the number of peaker power where the air is fresh, creature comforts are Reducing water waste.In the same way that plants. (Peaker plants run only when there is automated and safety and security are wired ICT helps smart buildings save energy, it helps high demand for power and sit idle the rest of in? Businesses located in smart buildings them save water too. Operational optimisation the time and since most peaker plants run on are more attractive to potential employees, helps smart buildings manage water resources fossil fuels, avoiding their use provides carbon which allow them to compete for the best and ZLWKSUHFLVHHI¿FLHQF\HOLPLQDWLQJZDVWH UHGXFWLRQEHQH¿WV brightest. and reducing cost for owners and occupants. Sometimes it’s just a matter of better scheduling. For instance, scheduling pumping Providing ROI for building owners. Smart and irrigation at night when power is cheaper. buildings are a win for building owners. Sustainability Operational optimisation delivers both cost Reducing carbon emissions. Smart buildings savings and enhanced value per square foot The built environment can make a major use less energy and less water – important contribution to lowering emissions and loweringbecause water requires large amounts of UHVRXUFHXVH,WLVQRWDQH[DJJHUDWLRQWRVD\HQHUJ\WRSXPSDQGWUHDW$VDUHVXOWFDUERQ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 110 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT Providing ROI for building owners: PANTANAL FOOTBALL STADIUM IN BRAZIL ACHIEVES HIGH SUSTAINABILITY KH$UHQD3DQWDQDOLQ%UD]LODPXOWLSXUSRVH &RXQFLOPHPEHU$OOLHG7HOHVLVFRPPHQFHGD stadium envisioned by the Mato Grosso Special partnership with Panasonic in 2013 on the IT network Providing ROI for 6HFUHWDULDW 6(&23$ ZLWKZRUOGFODVVVWDQGDUGV VROXWLRQGHVLJQDQGHQJLQHHULQJ²SODQQLQJRI¿UHZDOO building owners: TZDVGHVLJQHGWREHDPRGHUQ³VPDUWVWDGLXP´ VSHFL¿FDWLRQVVHUYHUVHWWLQJVDQGGLPHQVLRQVRI 6(&23$UHTXLUHGWKHVWDGLXPWRKDYHDQHWZRUN WKHQHWZRUNVHWXSIRUWKHHQWLUHDUHQD²DQGKDYH The robust and resilient infrastructure that was capable of supporting all IP collaborated throughout the project to ensure the network is designed telephony systems, security CCTV, Internet access, successful integration of all parts of the system. to ensure the full GLJLWDOVLJQDJHDQGDFFHVVFRQWURO 5),'UHDGHUVFDUGV functioning of the and turnstiles) and sound systems. The completed project comprises two data centres, VWDGLXPDWDOOWLPHV with each capable of supporting the entire network’s connecting all equipment and controls. At the 7KHREMHFWLYHRIWKH$UHQD3DQWDQDOSURMHFWZDVWR ORFDOWUDI¿F FRQFOXVLRQRIWKHSURMHFW transform the stadium into an arena, which would the Arena Pantanal SURYLGHÀH[LELOLW\IRUPXOWLIXQFWLRQDOXVHDGDSWWR 7KHUREXVWDQGUHVLOLHQW$OOLHG7HOHVLVQHWZRUNLV was considered to be local weather conditions and be sustainable. The designed to ensure the full functioning of the stadium one of the best FIFA VWDGLXPVLQWKHZRUOG LQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHRIWKH),)$:RUOG&XS DWDOOWLPHVFRQQHFWLQJDOOHTXLSPHQWDQGFRQWUROV$W VSHFL¿FDOO\ZLWKUHJDUGWR WKDWZHUHWRWDNHSODFHLQWKH$UHQD3DQWDQDOUHTXLUHG WKHFRQFOXVLRQRIWKHSURMHFWWKH$UHQD3DQWDQDOZDV sustainability. high availability of all services, even minimal downtime FRQVLGHUHGWREHRQHRIWKHEHVW),)$VWDGLXPVLQWKH during any match would not be acceptable. ZRUOGVSHFL¿FDOO\ZLWKUHJDUGWRVXVWDLQDELOLW\ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 111 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT Improving Inclusivity occupant comfort: The idea behind the Smart cities value the citizens and look crowdsourcing effort is at themas both engine and catalyst for to get people thinking sustainable urban transformation. The cities about how a house that take into account the views of various FRXOG¿WWKHZD\WKH\ DFWXDOO\OLYHUDWKHU stakeholders including the policy makers, than simply building planners, and users create a holistic, homes the way its sustainable solution. always been done. Achieve accessibility optimisation, both SK\VLFDODQG:HEDFFHVVLELOLW\6PDUWFLW\ promotes physical accessibilityfor everyone, from their homes, to businesses to public VSDFHVWRRXWGRRUV'HYHORSLQJVWULQJHQWFRGHV and creating supporting 6PDUWPRELOLW\LVXVHUIULHQGO\ERWKLQWHUPVRI infrastructure and web accessibility, allowing D\HDUROGDQG\HDUROGWRULGHVDIHO\ DQGFRQYHQLHQWO\,QIRUPDWLYHDQGEDUULHU XQLYHUVDOJRDOVDUHVXI¿FLHQW±WKHUHDUHQRfree environment helps all, senior citizens, Built environment targetsDGGLWLRQDOEXLOGLQJVSHFL¿FWDUJHWV families with kids, women, and children, apart IURPWKRVHZLWKGLVDELOLWLHV/RZGHFNYHKLFOH 7RWKLVSRLQWZH¶YHGH¿QHGWKHEXLOW For convenience, you will see a checklist at construction and aligned transit platforms environment, discussed how cities can the end of the chapter that lists the universalnot only allows easy street level boarding for LQÀXHQFHWKHLUEXLOGLQJVDQGKLJKOLJKWHGWKH WDUJHWV%HORZZHSRLQWRXWUH¿QHPHQWV passengers of all ages and abilities but also EHQH¿WVRIVPDUWEXLOGLQJV:H¶OOFRQFOXGHE\ to several of them that demonstrate their HDV\HQVXUHRSWLPDOSDVVHQJHUÀRZ7D[LEXV H[DPLQLQJWKHWHFKQRORJLHVDQGEHVWSUDFWLFHV relevance to the built environment. %UXVVHOEDVHG67,%WUDQVSRUWVHUYLFHSURYLGLQJ WKDWFDQEULQJWKRVHEHQH¿WVWR\RXUFLW\ RQGHPDQGGRRUWRGRRUVHUYLFHQRZRIIHU online service via a dedicated website, and :HKDYHDOUHDG\VHHQWKHWDUJHWVWKDWDSSO\ within few days, number of online bookings throughout a city in the Universal chapter. reached almost 30%. :KHQLWFRPHVWRWKHEXLOWHQYLURQPHQWWKRVH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 112 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT ĐŚŝĞǀĞĨƵůůƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶĂů awareness: BRINGING TOGETHER MULTIPLE AND DISCREET SYSTEMS ne of the key challenges in today’s smart solutions 'HVLJQHGXVLQJ&RXQFLOPHPEHU0LFURVRIW¶VVROXWLRQ EXVLQHVVLVWRXWLOLVHH[LVWLQJEXLOGLQJPDQDJHPHQW 0LFURVRIW1(7DQGVHUYLFHRULHQWHGDUFKLWHFWXUHWKH Achieve full V\VWHPVZKLFKDUHVXI¿FLHQWO\IXQFWLRQDODQGVKRUW scalable platform can support thousands of sensors, situational RIEHLQJÀH[LEOH5DQNHGXQGHU7RSRIWKH DQGFDQÀH[LEO\VXSSRUWDQ\W\SHRIVHFXULW\V\VWHP O awareness: Fortune 500 list, this multidimensional company needed DQLQWHJUDWHGXQL¿HG¿UHDQGVHFXULW\PDQDJHPHQW 3UR[LPH[FRQVWDQWO\XSGDWHVLWVOLEUDU\RILQWHJUDWLRQ Proximex constantly V\VWHPPHHWLQJVSHFL¿FFULWLFDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUH modules with different systems and sensors varying updates its library of requirements. from core security technologies, such as physical access integration modules control, video, and intrusion detection systems. These with different systems 7KHNH\LVVXHZDVWRLQWHJUDWHPXOWLSOHH[LVWLQJDQG PRGXOHVDOVRH[WHQGWRDGYDQFHGVHFXULW\V\VWHPV and sensors varying discreet systems that had unique communication (e.g. video analytics); communication systems (e.g. from core security technologies. The client protocols. These systems included standalone energy WZRZD\UDGLRPDVVQRWL¿FDWLRQGLJLWDOVLJQDJH DQG is provided with a full PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPV¿UHSURWHFWLRQDQGVHFXULW\ IT systems (e.g. network alarms, logical identity). integration and visibility management systems. The company chose to deploy RIDOOVHFXULW\VDIHW\ 352;,0(;IURP&RXQFLOPHPEHU7\FR3UR[LPH[ This customer of Tyco is provided with a full integration HVAC and other building disciplines with a single 6XUYHLOOLQWRIIHUVDQRSHQÀH[LEOHSODWIRUPWRVHUYLFH DQGYLVLELOLW\RIDOOVHFXULW\VDIHW\+9$&DQGRWKHU and centralised view. DQ\VHFXULW\HQYLURQPHQWDQGGHOLYHUVFRPPHUFLDORII building disciplines with a single and centralised view. WKHVKHOI &276 LQWHJUDWLRQ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 113 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT Collaborativity WKHEXLOWHQYLURQPHQWHIIHFWLYHO\HI¿FLHQWO\DQG sustainably. In almost all cases, the cities tend to develop LQFUHPHQWDOO\5DGLFDOO\DOWHUWKHFRPSOH[DQG interconnected city infrastructure very rapidly, LVYHU\GLI¿FXOWLIQRWLPSRVVLEOH,QPRVWFLWLHV Governance a great deal of the built environment is in private hands, which needs collaborative effort Achieve existing infrastructure to envision the rapidly changing landscape. optimisation.Rather than building new built environment, smart cities focus on optimizing WKHH[LVWLQJLQIUDVWUXFWXUH(QFRXUDJLQJ EURZQ¿HOGGHYHORSPHQWLQDV\VWHPDWLF manner, the smarter cities reduce new Formulate citizen reporting framework for Create an institutional framework.City development, minimizing urban sprawls and outcome thinking.$OPRVWDOOVPDUWFLWLHV built environment needs to be carry out population associated with new development. have creatively developed proposals with in a collective and coordinated manner, Supporting government policies and involvement and inspiration from its citizens. using institutional framework, integrating IUDPHZRUNVIXUWKHUUHLQIRUFLQJWKHEURZQ¿HOG Citizen participation helps in creating most all organizations – including domestic and redevelopment helps in creating compact urban needed data for transportation planning and international, and public and private sector. development, while preventing new growth. URXWHRSWLPL]DWLRQ$GRSWLQJRXWZDUGWKLQNLQJ approach, easy access to data, status reports, Reconstruction and new built environment *RLQJEH\RQGFUDGOHWRJUDYHFRQFHSWWRZDUGV and proactive, conscious communication needs to ensure that it can withstand future WKHFUDGOHWRFUDGOHFRQFHSWWKHGHVLJQHUV HQDEOHVPRUHFLWL]HQFHQWULFWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ disaster events with no or minimum impact. needs to take a more holistic, responsible solutions. Built environment education is one of the important arenas that require the capacity view to consider human needs and health building at present. It is essential to improve when planning the places in which we will live Achieve citizen engagement.Energy bill the capacities of the built environment in order and work. It is time to embrace the notion reduction Smart cities around the world to make it is less vulnerable to the impacts of WKDWHYHU\WKLQJFDQEHUHF\FOHG$QHZYLVLRQ successfully demonstrate that there is a strong disasters. In particular, capacity enhancement of design is to accept responsibility for the relationship between energy use and user within different sectors in the society such as consequences of construction, to create safe knowledge and behaviour, and fully engage the JRYHUQPHQWVQRQVWDWHDQGSULYDWHLQVWLWXWLRQV REMHFWVRIORQJWHUPYDOXHDQGWRHOLPLQDWH citizens with environmental challenges.Creatingand communities, in relation to the built WKHFRQFHSWRIZDVWH²HYHQWRFRQVLGHUWKH frameworks for developing deeper engagement environment enables to identify constraints and value of waste in producing new materials. of citizens in design of their public space. to plan and manage construction activities of Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 114 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT ĐŚŝĞǀĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ CLEVLAND IMPROVES ENERGY EFFICIENCY, WHILE PROTECTING TREASURES leveland’s Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, The building managers for the Rock & Roll Hall of since it opened in 1995, is home to a number )DPHDQG0XVHXPXVHG06XQ&RQWURO:LQGRZ)LOPV Achieve operational of iconic artifacts, including John Lennon’s 3UHVWLJH([WHULRU6HULHV IURP&RXQFLOPHPEHU0 optimisation: C1979 upright piano and Elvis Presley’s custom 7KH¿OPXVH1DQRWHFKQRORJ\ZLWKRXWPHWDOUHVXOWLQJ motorcycle, and has been a destination for millions LQRYHUDOOUHÀHFWLYLW\WKDW¶VDFWXDOO\ORZHUWKDQJODVV 7KH¿OPFDQUHGXFHWKH of fans. The Hall and Museum are housed in an iconic 7KHVH¿OPVVHOHFWLYHO\UHIUDFWOLJKWIURPWKHVSHFWUXP temperature in direct geometric building designed by renowned architect DQGUHMHFWXSWR RIWKHVXQ¶VKHDWSURGXFLQJ sunlight by as much as I.M. Pei. The main tower soars more than 160 feet into infrared light and 99.9% of UV rays to help keep QLQHGHJUHHVPDNLQJ WKHDLUDQGVXSSRUWVDGXDOWULDQJXODUVKDSHGJODVV tenants cool. They can reduce the temperature in direct spaces more usable ³WHQW´WKDWFRQWDLQVPRUHWKDQVTXDUHIHHWRI sunlight by as much as nine degrees, making spaces and comfortable. The Hall expects to begin H[KLELWLRQVSDFHDORQJZLWKDGPLQLVWUDWLYHRI¿FHV more usable and comfortable. seeing immediate energy shopping space and a cafe. savings to the tune of 7KH+DOOH[SHFWVWREHJLQVHHLQJLPPHGLDWHHQHUJ\ ±D\HDU $OORIWKDWJODVVDOORZVWKH+DOOWRSUHVHQWSULFHOHVV savings to the tune of $20,000–40,000 a year. In ,QDGGLWLRQE\VKLHOGLQJ its exhibits from harmful artifacts in natural light. However, protecting those DGGLWLRQE\VKLHOGLQJLWVH[KLELWVIURPKDUPIXO89UD\V 89UD\V treasures from the effects of ultraviolet (UV) rays and WKH¿OPKHOSVHQVXUHWKDWJHQHUDWLRQDIWHUJHQHUDWLRQ keeping the building cool on sunny days also presents a will be able to see everything from Michael Jackson’s challenge to building managers. suits to Chuck Berry’s guitar in pristine condition. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 115 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT Instrumentation and control Buildings that use smart devices to monitor EXLOGLQJWKDQWRUHWUR¿WLWLQWRDQH[LVWLQJ conditions like water use and heating and building. Thus, as you plan the city’s building cooling can capture data that building codes and incentives, you can raise the bar for managers can use to make better decisions new buildings as compared to old. about managing resources. This is an area that will require holistic thinking Implement optimal instrumentation. and collaboration between departments and You’ll want to keep several things in mind as between outside stakeholders. For instance, you determine optimal instrumentation for the electric power utility may want smart buildings. meters, thermostats and appliances to adhere WRFRPPXQLFDWLRQVSURWRFROV/LNHZLVHWKH¿UH For one thing, don’t think that building GHSDUWPHQWPD\KDYHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU¿UH instrumentation simply means a smart meter. alarms and smoke detectors. Obviously, the You can now remotely monitor almost any city’s codes and recommendations should be building condition – occupancy, light level, air compatible. quality, temperature, etc. For another, you will want to distinguish EHWZHHQH[LVWLQJDQGQHZEXLOGLQJV,QH[LVWLQJ buildings, you want to take full advantage of any sensors or switches that are already present. Fortunately, companies are starting to make software that can talk to legacy equipment from many different manufacturers. Implement optimal ,WLVXVXDOO\PXFKOHVVH[SHQVLYHWR¿QG instrumentation: DVRIWZDUH³RYHUVHHU´WKDQWRULSRXWROG instrumentation and replace it with new. Building managers can use data captured from :KHQLWFRPHVWRQHZEXLOGLQJV\RXFDQEH smart devices to make more ambitious. It is much less costly to put better decisions about resource usage. VWDWHRIWKHDUWLQVWUXPHQWDWLRQLQWRDQHZ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 116 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŵĂů ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͗ UNINTERRUPTED RELIABLE CONNECTIVITY IN LAS VEGAS as Vegas, somewhere between the mountain’s The Sands contracted SignalShare, Council member highest peaks and the desert’s warmest winds, $OOLHG7HOHVLV¶V86SDUWQHUWRVHWXSDK\EULGQHWZRUN Implement optimal has some of the world’s greatest events and DORQJVLGHWKH6DQGV¶H[LVWLQJ:/$16LJQDO6KDUH instrumentation: LEXVLQHVVJDWKHULQJV$PRQJVWWKHODUJHVWDQGPRVW LQVWDOOHG([WULFRP6HULHV¶SDWHQWHG&KDQQHO%ODQNHW VXFFHVVIXOYHQXHVWKH6DQGV([SRDQG&RQYHQWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\IURP$OOLHG7HOHVLVZKLFKZDVTXLFNWR 7KH([WULFRP6HULHV &HQWUHDPLOOLRQVTXDUHIHHWRIÀH[LEOHH[KLELWLRQ GHOLYHUDZRUNLQJQHWZRUN²HYHQIRUDÀH[LEOH working in parallel to and meeting space, needed uninterrupted reliable RSHQFRQ¿JXUDWLRQWKDWFKDQJHGGDLO\²ZLWKLQVWDQW WKHH[LVWLQJQHWZRUN connectivity to 100,000 clients simultaneously. availability, low total access point count, and seamless was an immediate wireless communication. VXFFHVVUHVXOWLQJLQ 7KH6DQGVQHHGHGDUHOLDEOH:L)LQHWZRUNWKH\ FOLHQWVHQMR\LQJ quality Internet access could depend on, 24/7. Since downtime was not an :LWK$OOLHG7HOHVLVVXSSRUWLQJWKHFXUUHQWLQIUDVWUXFWXUH simultaneously. RSWLRQWKH\QHHGHGDVWURQJDQGHI¿FLHQWV\VWHPWR WKH6DQGVVKRZÀRRUDQGDGMDFHQWVSDFHVZHUH complement their legacy wireless network. The main VXI¿FLHQWO\FRYHUHGZLWKXQLQWHUUXSWHGKLJKTXDOLW\ challenge was that the new system would have to ,QWHUQHWFRQQHFWLYLW\7KH([WULFRP6HULHVZRUNLQJ VXSSRUWPLOOLRQVTXDUHIHHWRIÀH[LEOHH[KLELWLRQDQG LQSDUDOOHOWRWKHH[LVWLQJQHWZRUNZDVDQLPPHGLDWH PHHWLQJVSDFHLQFOXGLQJWKHPDLQ6DQGV([SRÀRRU success, resulting in 100,000 clients enjoying quality adjacent meeting rooms, and common areas at The Internet access simultaneously. Palazzo and The Venetian hotels. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 117 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT Connectivity Interoperability :HPHQWLRQHGHDUOLHUKRZDJURXSRIFLWLHV LVFROODERUDWLQJRQ2SHQ'DWDDSSOLFDWLRQV &LWLHVFRXOGDOVREHQH¿WIURPSDUWLFLSDWLQJ Once you’ve deployed smart sensors and Interoperability targets ensure that your built in ICT standards organisations such as the V\VWHPVLQDEXLOGLQJWKHQH[WVWHSLVWRDOORZ environment plays nicely with others. Of the :RUOG:LGH:HE&RQVRUWLXP :& WKH them to communicate the information they three universal interoperability targets, two Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and gather. require additional discussion. EXLOGLQJ60$57,QWHUQDWLRQDO7KHFRVWLV minimal and ROI can be substantial. Standards Connect devices with citywide, multi- Adhere to open standards. Building for Building Information Models (BIM), service communications.In a few cases, technology must adhere to the same indoor location, indoor/outdoor information a building’s sensors and systems may communications standards as all other smart integration, etc. are being developed with communicate directly with the citywide city gear – even when the building industry is YLUWXDOO\QRFLW\LQSXW,IFLWLHVGRQ¶WH[SUHVV communications system. For instance, a smart DEDUULHUWRWKLVVPDUWFLW\JRDO$QGLWPXVW their interoperability requirements, there’s no meter or a smart thermostat may tie in directly also contend with standards unique to the built guarantee they will get what they need. Cities so it can talk to the electric power utility. In environment. need to be smart about standards development a similar fashion, some utilities talk directly so they know which standards to ask for in to building load control switches to turn :KHQLWFRPHVWRFRPPXQLFDWLQJEHWZHHQ procurement documents. equipment off if the grid is under stress. (The the building and the rest of the city, you owners get compensation from the utility.) can rely on the standards set forth in the Telecommunications chapter, notably IPv6. Prioritise the use of legacy investments.It In most cases, though, the building’s sensors But when it comes to the equipment and the bears repeating – cities and building owners will communicate internally to a building communications within the building, you will VKRXOGPDNHHYHU\HIIRUWWRWDSLQWRH[LVWLQJ management system. That software then have to navigate a mase of options. GHYLFHVDQGHTXLSPHQWEHIRUHUHWUR¿WWLQJ monitors and summarises that internal data buildings with new gear. Older devices can DQGVKDUHVLWH[WHUQDOO\DVSHUPLWWHGE\ The buildings sector has been slow to adopt often be integrated with building management building owners. open standards. In areas such as internal systems, thereby avoiding unnecessary communications within a building, the sector UHSODFHPHQW8VLQJH[LVWLQJHTXLSPHQWZKHQ :KHQLWFRPHVWRQHZEXLOGLQJV±DQGVRPH KDVVHYHUDOFRPSHWLQJ³VWDQGDUGV´LQFOXGLQJ SRVVLEOHLVDZLVHZD\WRJHWPD[LPXPYDOXH WLPHVHYHQIRUROGRQHVPDQ\IRUZDUG %$&QHWDQG/RQ:RUNV,QVKRUW\RXZLOOQHHGIURP\RXULQYHVWPHQWV)RUDQH[DPSOHVHH thinking building owners are choosing a single, D WKHKHOSRIDQH[SHUWWRPDNHWKHULJKW WKH$FUHVFDVHVWXG\OLQNHGDWWKHHQGRI ³PHUJHG´,3QHWZRUN±RQHWKDWFDQFDUU\DOO FKRLFHVDQGE D¿UPGHWHUPLQDWLRQWRVWD\ WKLVFKDSWHU LWH[SODLQVKRZ0LFURVRIWOHYHU WUDI¿FZKHWKHUGDWDYRLFHRUYLGHR open no matter what inducements are offered aged legacy investments when it rolled out to use a proprietary system instead. smart buildings on its campus in Redmond, :DVKLQJWRQ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 118 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT Connect devices with ĐŝƚLJǁŝĚĞ͕ŵƵůƟͲƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͗ PALAVA BUILDS SMARTER CITY FOUNDATION WITH IBM trategically located at the junction of Navi Mumbai Participative Governance. Citizens can interact with DQG'RPELYDOL3DODYDLVHQYLVDJHGWREHFRPH the city administration and manage various services Connect devices the largest ever private, completely planned offered by the city, with mobile and social technology with citywide, development in urban India. Envisioned as a city using the IBM service platform. This will enable city S multi-service of opportunity and spanning over 4,000 acres, Palava RI¿FLDOVWREHWWHUKDQGOHFLWL]HQFRQFHUQVUDSLGO\ communications: would not just offer an unparalleled quality of life to gather feedback, and effectively manage city resources. its citizens but also become an ecosystem–nurturing A central command business, creating jobs and delivering growth. Intelligent Operations.$FHQWUDOFRPPDQGDQG and control centre will control centre will monitor the health of major city monitor the health of Lodha Group partnered with Council member IBM to systems and take coordinated action to handle any major city systems and develop the vision and detailed roadmap for building disruptions or emergency situations. This will also take coordinated action and managing smart city infrastructure for Palava. IDFLOLWDWHWKHXVHRI%LJ'DWD$QDO\WLFVHQDEOLQJWKHFLW\ to handle any disruptions or emergency situations. Lodha Group incorporated IBM’s smarter cities to predict and prevent issues that could affect quality of WHFKQRORJ\XVLQJDGYDQFHGGDWDGULYHQV\VWHPVWR OLIHUDQJLQJIURPWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQWRHPHUJHQFLHV integrate information from all city operations into a VLQJOHV\VWHP²WKLVXQL¿HGYLHZZLOOLPSURYHHI¿FLHQF\ Public Safety. Centralised city operations will allow and deliver an enhanced quality of life for residents. IRUUHDOWLPHPRQLWRULQJRILQFLGHQWVDQGHQDEOHSXEOLF IBM implemented the following solution: safety personnel to take quick, coordinated actions. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 119 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT Data management Today, thanks to cloud computing, these of individual buildings (or collections of advanced capabilities are affordable and widely Our universal data management target buildings). Today’s systems can monitor and available. Cloud computing gives access to: deserves emphasis for the built environment. display every important parameter. They can even be programmed to alert operators when +LJKSRZHUHGFRPSXWHUV conditions go out of bounds. Building managers Create and adhere to a citywide data • Sophisticated software can quickly spot problems and dispatch management, transparency and sharing ([SHUWVWDII resources to restore functionality. In some policy. The information that can be gleaned [VWDI¿QJDQGPRQLWRULQJ FDVHVSUREOHPLGHQWL¿FDWLRQDQGUHVROXWLRQ from buildings is invaluable for city goals • Redundant backup can be automated, or even predictive, so VXFKDVHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\FDUERQIRRWSULQW $GYDQFHGVHFXULW\F\EHDQGSK\VLFDO that problems are resolved before they cause reduction, economic development, transit damage. planning and land use planning. It is crucial ,QVWHDGRI¿QDQFLQJDKXJHGDWDFHQWUHDQG Achieve operational optimisation.The that your built environment initiatives adhere VWDI¿QJLWZLWKVSHFLDOLVWVRIWHQDFLW\FDQ ultimate goal of a smart building is to have to careful data architecture so that information simply rent all the hardware and software HYHU\WKLQJUXQQLQJDVVPRRWKO\DQGHI¿FLHQWO\ FDQÀRZVHDPOHVVO\DVQHHGHG power it needs via the cloud. as possible. Smart buildings use analytics Have access to a central GIS.$UREXVW to ensure that a building’s resource usage geographic information system is invaluable LVHI¿FLHQW$QGZLWKWKHSRZHURIDQDO\WLFV for many city functions related to buildings, buildings can optimise their conditions to including maintenance, public works, parks, ensure the continued health, productivity and Computing resourcesbuilding codes, planning and many more. comfort of occupants. Local governments are typically responsible for Achieve asset optimisation. Sophisticated many buildings – everything from jails to public asset management software can calculate swimming pools to sewage treatment facilities which buildings should be replaced or repaired to bus barns and city hall itself. Analytics and when. Consider a cloud computing framework. %HORZZHH[SODLQKRZWKHIRXUXQLYHUVDO Pursue predictive analytics.8QH[SHFWHG $IHZ\HDUVDJRRQO\WKHELJJHVWEXLOGLQJV analytics targets apply to the built equipment failures can take a toll on FRXOGFRVWMXVWLI\DWRSRIWKHOLQHEXLOGLQJ environment. maintenance budgets; so can work stoppages PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHP$QGXQWLOUHFHQWO\RQO\ caused by equipment failures. Predictive a few large property owners could afford Achieve full situational awareness. maintenance uses analytics to predict which DV\VWHPWRRYHUVHHDZKROHSRUWIROLRRI Situational awareness has two aspects in building equipment is close to failure so it can buildings in different neighbourhoods or even WKHEXLOWHQYLURQPHQW7KH¿UVWLVDZDUHQHVV be repaired or replaced before it fails. different cities. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 120 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂĐůŽƵĚĐŽŵƉƵƟŶŐ framework: MICROSOFT BRINGS SMART BUILDINGS TO SEATTLE HDWWOH:DVKLQJWRQKDVDJRDOWREHWWHUXQGHUVWDQG that has established a 50% energy use reduction goal how to create economic opportunity for the city E\7KHSLORWZLOOLQFUHDVHHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\LQ Consider a cloud while saving energy and developing a sustainable large commercial buildings across Seattle’s downtown computing urban environment. FRUULGRU WKHLQLWLDOVHWRIEXLOGLQJVWRWDOVDSSUR[LPDWHO\ S framework: PLOOLRQVTXDUHIHHW,W¶VDPL[RIXQLTXHEXLOGLQJXVHV Council member Microsoft has been working with from the Seattle Municipal Tower and the Sheraton Thanks to the advent 6HDWWOH¶V2I¿FHRI(FRQRPLF'HYHORSPHQWWRGHYHORS +RWHOWR%RHLQJIDFLOLWLHVDQGD8QLYHUVLW\RI:DVKLQJWRQ RIFORXGFRPSXWLQJ DQDSSURDFKWRGULYLQJHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\DWFLW\VFDOH School of Medicine research building. building management The result is a smart buildings pilot for the downtown systems that monitor area inspired by the smart buildings pilot implemented $FORXGVROXWLRQEDVHGRQ0LFURVRIW$]XUHFORXG and control energy usage on Microsoft’s Redmond campus. That pilot used Big technology will collect data from the myriad systems are more affordable and more widely available 'DWDWRSURYLGHIRUHFDVWHGHQHUJ\VDYLQJVRISHU in those buildings and use data analytics to provide a than they were just a few year. It’s anticipated those savings will be surpassed by prescriptive approach to how the building management years ago. the Seattle pilot with energy and maintenance savings V\VWHPVFDQEHWXQHGWRLPSURYHHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\ EHWZHHQDQG:RUNLQJZLWK6HDWWOHDQGLWV utility Seattle City Light, Microsoft has joined with the 6HDWWOH'LVWULFWDSXEOLFSULYDWHFROODERUDWLYH of downtown Seattle property owners and managers Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 121 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT ͕͖͔͗͛ǣ In 2014, the International Organisation for Standards announced an ISO standard that applies strictly to city performance. The Shelter Indicator data management policy Create citywide GIS access to a central Have analysis Pursue predictive GRFXPHQWNQRZQ as ISO 37120:2014 15.1 7RWDOUHVLGHQWLDOHOHFWULFDOHQHUJ\XVHSHUFDSLWD N:K\HDU •• HVWDEOLVKHVDVHWRIRSHQGDWDLQGLFDWRUV Core to measure the delivery of city services DQGTXDOLW\RIOLIH,WGH¿QHVFRPPRQ 15.2 $YHUDJHQXPEHURIHOHFWULFDOLQWHUUXSWLRQVSHUFXVWRPHUSHU\HDU •• methodologies that cities can use to measure their performance in areas such as energy, HQYLURQPHQW¿QDQFHHPHUJHQF\UHVSRQVH 15.3 $YHUDJHOHQJWKRIHOHFWULFDOLQWHUUXSWLRQV LQKRXUV •• governance, health, recreation, safety, solid Supporing waste, telecommunications, transportation, urban planning, wastewater, water, sanitation and more.In the table at right, we have indicated how the standards related to Shelter Urban Planning Indicator and Urban Planning intersect with the Council’s %XLOW(QYLURQPHQWWDUJHWVLGHQWL¿HGRQWKHQH[W 19.1 Green area (hectares) per 100,000 population •• page. Core Proper city planning and investment are 19.2 $QQXDOQXPEHURIWUHHVSODQWHGSHUSRSXODWLRQ •• essential to, at a minimum, keep slums and homeless populations from overwhelming city resources and turning the shining ‘cities of 19.3 $UHDOVL]HRILQIRUPDOVHWWOHPHQWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFLW\DUHD •• the future’ envisioned by many into dystopian urban landscapes. Supporting 19.4 Jobs/housing ratio ••• Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 122 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT BUILT ENVIRONMENT TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHEXLOWHQYLURQPHQWUHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQbold, universal targets are not Enabler Built Environment Targets Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their built environment None Partial Over 50%Complete Complete $FKLHYHDFFHVVLELOLW\RSWLPLVDWLRQ Inclusivity Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking $FKLHYHFLWL]HQHQJDJHPHQW Create institutional framework Collaborativity Pursue multilateral collaboration Human $FKLHYHH[LVWLQJLQIUDVWUXFWXUHRSWLPLVDWLRQ Governance Formulate new supporting policy frameworks and regulatory mandates Institutional Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 123 CH 5: BUILT ENVIRONMENT BUILT ENVIRONMENT TARGETS Enabler Built Environment Targets Implementation Progress None Partial Over 50% How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their built environment None Partial Over 50%Complete Instrumentation and Implement optimal instrumentation Control Connectivity &RQQHFWGHYLFHVZLWKFLW\ZLGHPXOWLVHUYLFHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV $GKHUHWRRSHQVWDQGDUGV Interoperability Use open integration architectures and loosely coupled interfaces Prioritise use of legacy investments Publish privacy rules Security and Privacy Create a security framework Implement cyber security Technology Data Management Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy Consider a cloud computing framework Use an open innovation platform Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management $FKLHYHIXOOVLWXDWLRQDODZDUHQHVV $FKLHYHRSHUDWLRQDORSWLPLVDWLRQ Analytics $FKLHYHDVVHWRSWLPLVDWLRQ Pursue predictive analytics Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 124 CH 5: BUILT ENVIROMENT Energy 6 Cities can’t function without energy. It fuels our cars, subways and trains. It lights, cools, and heats our homes and businesses. It pumps our water and processes the food we eat. And it powers the technologies that are the foundation of a smart city. To ensure a smart energy future, cities and utilities must work together — regardless of whether the utility is part of local government or a private investor-owned utility that supplies the city’s energy. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 125 CH 6: ENERGY Fossil-fuel Coal is the main fuel source of energy dependency in production, and together with oil constitutes energy generation: over 84% of fuel source. Even though India is a leading producer of coal, the country’s fossil Coal is the main fuel fuel import will rise tremendously by 2035. source of energy production, and together Along with fossil fuel combustion, the use with oil constitutes over RIGLUW\HQHUJ\E\DVLJQL¿FDQWQXPEHURI 84% of fuel source. Even though India is a leading households in India — such as kerosene and producer of coal, the ¿UHZRRG²KDVVHYHUHQHJDWLYHLPSDFWVRQ country’s fossil fuel importhealth and the environment. Already one of will rise tremendously by the world’s largest carbon dioxide and other 2035. greenhouse gas emitter, India needs to pursue alternative energy sources, and the nation has started taking steps in that direction. While India has undertaken various programmes and initiatives to address energy poverty, these projects have faced logistical problems and s we have seen, energy has become &XUUHQWO\WKHHQHUJ\GH¿FLWLVZLWK inadequate implementation locally. an integral part of modern existence, per capita energy consumption of 1,000 kWh, touching almost all parts of life and almost three times less than the world’s This chapter covers energy’s critical role in Aprofoundly impacting liveability, average per capita consumption. smart cities, from enabling small-scale power workability and sustainability. However, 1.3 plants that generate energy close to where billion people — 1/5th of world population — India is facing a huge challenge to satisfy the it’s used, to advanced technologies that help lack access to electricity. Energy is essential exploding energy demand. With increasing keep the lights on during power outages. We for economic, social, and human development. population and escalating GDP growth, the use the term “energy” broadly throughout to energy demand is expected to grow 132% encompass all infrastructures that cities use Around 290 million people without access to by 2030, making India the leading consumer to produce and deliver energy — electricity, electricity live in India — 1/5th of the un- of energy in the world even outpacing China, gas, steam, renewables, etc. Whether or not HOHFWUL¿HGSRSXODWLRQLQWKHZRUOG²ZKLOH according to the BP Energy Outlook report. your city directly provides electricity or natural DQRWKHUTXDUWHUELOOLRQDUHXQGHUHOHFWUL¿HG gas as a city service (as in a municipal utility), without quality power. The demand-supply gap you’ll want to make energy the foundation of has been increasingly widening over the past your smart city planning. few decades. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 126 CH 6: ENERGY Energy as a smart city ƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƉůĂĐĞ͗ PIONEERING MUNICIPAL UTILITY - A SMART GRID POSTER CHILD VWKH¿UVW$PHULFDQXWLOLW\WRUHFHLYHVPDUWJULG GWP completed installation of the system, which VWLPXOXVIXQGLQJDQGDVWKH¿UVWWREH³FRPSOHWHO\ included 83,000 Itron smart electric meters and Energy as a operational with smart grid technology,” Glendale 33,000 smart water meters, in 2011. Components SmartCity starting AWater and Power (GWP), located in Southern of the overall smart grid system included in-home place: California, is a bit of a smart grid poster child. display units that provide electricity and water usage information, costs and control to consumers as well as Anchored by a suite of In the GWP system, a single communication system thermal storage units, electric vehicle smart charging, technology from Itron, is handling both power and water. Anchored by a demand response and distribution automation. the GWP system uses a suite of technology from smart cities Council member single communication Itron, the system includes an Itron advanced wireless Speaking at a conference after the installation was system is handling both power and water. communication network that integrates both electric complete, GWP General Manager Glenn Steiger talked and water meters. about the project. “The key thing to remember is that a smart grid is really an IT communication system,” he It also features leak detection technology for the water explained. “The heart of the system and the ongoing system and Itron’s meter data management solution applications are IT-driven. To be successful, you have to manage the huge volumes of data the system to shift focus from hardware and infrastructure to IT.” generates and enable other smart grid programs and applications. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 127 CH 6: ENERGY On the water side, the system is providing leak detection capability Smart grid technology ultimately comes down to saving money, that is saving precious water in perennially water-challenged Southern Steiger said, for the municipal utility but also cost containment for California, and also saving money in water they didn’t have to purchase. its customers. GWP’s system and the data it delivers have enabled it “We’re actually optimising the water system with the data we’re to streamline operations, improve business processes, and roll fewer collecting through the electric system,” Steiger said, referring to the trucks, he added. That means keeping costs low for customers, which energy costs associated with treating and delivering clean water to leads to strong customer support. Glendale residents. Why make energy smart?pain points, we said in the introduction to this PRUHHϒFLHQWDQGUHVLOLHQW7KDW¶VEHFDXVH Readiness Guide that we won’t recommend the success of a smart city relies on creating Exploding future energy demand. In India, which responsibility areas cities should tackle and supporting a smart energy system. That’s demand is far outpacing supply in meeting ¿UVW%XWJLYHQWKHFULWLFDOUROHHQHUJ\SOD\VLQa system that knows in real time where a the rapidly growing energy needs. While just about everything that happens in a city, transformer has blown and automatically growing demand is part of the problem, poor leaders uncertain where to start their smart reroutes power to keep the lights on in homes infrastructure equally contributes to electricity city journey should consider making smart and businesses. It’s a system that collects VKRUWIDOOVVHYHUHO\DϑHFWLQJWKHTXDOLW\RI energy a priority. and manipulates data from sensors and smart life as well as impacting the industrial sector, devices to give operators a complete view of 6LJQL¿FDQWGHSOHWLRQRIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV hurting overall economic growth. Electricity the energy infrastructure — for instance, how Currently in India, there is a heavy reliance on VKRUWDJHVKDYHUHVXOWHGLQORVVRISUR¿WVIRU much power solar installations are generating fossil fuels for energy generation. Escalating many companies, and loss in productivity as or when they need to signal a demand energy demand will further the implementation plants and businesses have been forced to shut response call to help balance the load on the of smart energy systems, which also helps down for a few days a month. Outages have electric and gas grids. preserve precious natural resources and gives also caused a slowdown in manufacturing, and residents, businesses and cities a whole host added operational costs, as some businesses There are a number of components of a smart of ways to monitor and control their energy have been forced to pay for power back-up energy system. In the pages that follow we’ll consumption to save money. units. identify the technologies and technology- supporting practices involved and the array Energy optimisation.Information and RIEHQH¿WVWKDWDFFUXHWRFLWLHVZKHQWKH\ Energy as a smart cities starting place. communications technologies (ICT) help cities implement them. Since city leaders are aware of their own city’s optimise these energy systems, making them Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 128 CH 6: ENERGY Interconnectedness assessment Energy is integral to all city responsibilities, and planning improvement in a city’s energy infrastructure and services cannot be formulated without an understanding of the interdependencies between energy and other city systems and services, such as communications, transportation, the built environment and water. $VPDUWJULGLVE\GH¿QLWLRQDVSHFLDOLVHG communications network that moves electricity and data to balance supply and demand and maintain reliable service. The distribution lines and underground cables that are part of the energy grid often follow the layout of ICT’s role in more city streets, creating dependencies between Smart solutions by sustainable cities: utility services and the various transportation integrating innovative systems that also rely on streets. Amsterdam leveraged concepts and technology public-private The built environment is also a major partnerships to build consumer of electricity and natural gas and a broadband platform for service delivery to potentially a producer of electricity too. As $FKLHYLQJHQHUJ\HϒFLHQF\LVDNH\ requirement of smart cities formulation. achieve social,economic distributed generation evolves and building and environmental The available energy resources have to be owners adopt solar, fuel cell and related sustainability. technologies, utilities and city governments optimized taking into account higher energy will form even closer alliances.The water- HϒFLHQF\UHTXLUHPHQWV6PDUWFLWLHVGHSOR\ energy nexus indicates reliance on each other, HQHUJ\LQQRYDWLRQVIURPGLϑHUHQWGRPDLQVWR while other utilities like health and education realise the eco-design requirement. increasingly become heavily energy dependent due to higher levels of technology integration. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 129 CH 6: ENERGY grids allow integration of renewable and local energy production from multi-carrier grids in WKHV\VWHPLQWKHPRVWHFRQRPLFDQGHϒFLHQW way. Integrate renewable energy sources. ‘Cleaner’ energy sources such as solar, wind and hydropower not only help in drastically reduce fossil-fuel consumption, but also increase the hosting capacity of the grid in a FRVWHϑHFWLYHZD\7KHFOHDQHQHUJ\FDUULHUV like biomethane, hydrogen, fuel cells creates greener energy systems. ,QLWLDWHHϒFLHQWHQHUJ\PDQDJHPHQW The concept of smart city is modelled on the smart asset management and capacity control, which uses digital technology through Advance Integrate renewable Create smart grids.Smart grids create two- Metering Infrastructure – smart metering, energy sources: way connections between customers and utility cloud computing and wireless connected IRUPRUHHϒFLHQWWUDQVPLVVLRQRIHOHFWULFLW\ sensors. The two-way monitoring from both ‘Cleaner’ energy sources and quick digital response. It integrates – the utility providers as well as the end-user such as solar, wind and smart meters, controls, automation and new for observing consumption, peak hour loads, hydropower not only help WHFKQRORJLHVDOORZVHϒFLHQWGLVWULEXWLRQRI etc. using smart meters is proving very crucial in drastically reduce fossil- today. The use of better, more sustainable fuel consumption, but power, quicker power restoration, reduction in materials in the grids will provide more cost- also increase the hosting overall operation and management costs, as capacity of the grid in a well as renewable energy systems. HϑHFWLYHQHVVDQGORQJWHUPSHUIRUPDQFH FRVWHϑHFWLYHZD\ 7KHVHLQWHJUDWHGV\VWHPVJLYH¿QDQFLDO ,QQRYDWLRQVLQÀH[LELOLW\VXFKDV'HPDQG incentives for the consumer to shift the Response and ancillary services, Demand HOHFWULFDOGHPDQGGXULQJRϑSHDNKRXUV Side Management (DSM) and Time of Use 2YHUDOOVPDUWJULGVRϑHURSSRUWXQLWLHVWRVDYH WDULϑV 7R8 OHDGVWRIXUWKHULPSURYLQJHQHUJ\ energy while reducing dependency on fossil HϒFLHQF\ fuels and greenhouse gas emission. Smart Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 130 CH 6: ENERGY /ŶŝƟĂƚĞĞĸĐŝĞŶƚĞŶĞƌŐLJ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͗ TATA POWER DELHI ACCELERATES SMART GRID DEPLOYMENT QGLDVWUXJJOHVZLWKHOHFWULFDOJULGVWKDWDUHLQHϒFLHQW As part of the smart grid initiative, IBM developed an and unreliable. Aggregated technical and commercial end-to-end intelligent utility system to manage shortfall losses that occur due to power system overload, by peak shaving of actual load, using advanced Initiate electricity transmission and theft are estimated at metering infrastructure and demand response pilot HϒFLHQWHQHUJ\ Iabout 26.4%, a national average among the highest in program that automates and regulates supply of management: the world. Tata Power Delhi Distribution formed a joint HOHFWULFLW\LQV\QFZLWKÀXFWXDWLQJGHPDQG3HDN venture with Council member IBM to better manage shaving technique enables consumers to redistribute The customer service energy output and further reduce outages in the ORDGVWRGLϑHUHQWSHULRGRIWKHGD\WKXVVDYLQJ improvements including northern and north-western part of Delhi. substantial amounts of money due to peaking charges. new digital meters, improved self-service options, and access IBM helped Tata Power Delhi to conceptualise, This project helps to add a layer of digital intelligence to a customer portal, design and deliver an Advanced Smart Grid solution to the grid and ensure reliability when the demand give customers more that collects and analyses real-time information rises exponentially and the supply falls due to heavy visibility and control in managing energy, from smart meters and data from the management consumption, managing demand and boosting thereby enhancing infrastructure. IBM supported Tata Power to create RSHUDWLRQDOHϒFLHQF\7KHFXVWRPHUVHUYLFH customer satisfaction system architecture, ensure adherence to international improvements including new digital meters, improved and enabling more smart grid standards, optimise business process and self-service options and access to a customer portal HϒFLHQWFRQVXPSWLRQRI LQFRUSRUDWHG\QDPLFEXVLQHVVDQDO\WLFVIXQFWLRQWRRϑHU to manage energy use, give customers more visibility electricity. actionable insights. Additionally, the solution would also and control in managing energy, thereby enhancing help empower its over 1.3 million electric consumers to FXVWRPHUVDWLVIDFWLRQDQGHQDEOLQJPRUHHϒFLHQW manage their own energy usage. consumption of electricity. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 131 CH 6: ENERGY Ƥ targets We’ve highlighted many of the smart energy results below, based on their relevance to livability, workability and sustainability. Livability Empowering customers with choice and control.Instrumentation, connectivity and analytics combine to give electric and gas customers more information about when and where they are using energy, along with tools to help them control that usage. Empower e-Mobility.Devising Electric government, by creating convenient supportingImproving reliability and resilience.Smart Vehicles (EV) charging stations and LQIUDVWUXFWXUH1RUZD\¶VÀHHWRIHOHFWULFFDUVLVgrids can “self-heal” from simple problems, management platforms will encourage one of the cleanest in world, as almost 100%making them more resilient to storms and adaptation of plug-in electric vehicle and of the electricity is generated in the country disasters.is With outage management systems, hybrid electric vehicles. EV charging islands comes from hydropower. trouble areas can be pinpointed, shaving implemented by the smart cities facilitate grid- restoration times. And most smart grids make friendly rollout of the new technology creating Devise smart public systems and assets. it easy to combine “long-distance” generation potentially large impact on the grid, including Public lighting is one of the key cost with local distributed generation, making the wide-spread adoption and fast charging of components in the city/community budget. system more resistant to supply interruptions. (9V$GGLWLRQDOO\ÀHHWRIHOHFWULFEXVDUHDOVR Intelligent Streetlights provide increased incorporated in public transit system. energy savings and reduced maintenance Lowering costs for citizens. Operational costs, without compromising the comfort or optimisation means fewer resources are For example, Norway is leader in the safety of road users. consumed and paid for. These savings can be implementation of EV initiatives, as a passed along to citizens, resulting in lower UHVXOWRIKXJHHϑRUWIURPWKH1RUZHJLDQ energy bills. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 132 CH 6: ENERGY hƐŝŶŐůĞƐƐĞŶĞƌŐLJ͗ INTELLIGENT LED STREET LIGHTS TRANSFORMS CITY OF SAN DIEGO z fter the successful installation of LightGrid, an The city of San Diego collaborated with GE in 2014, and outdoor wireless lighting system that allowed the installed the LightGrid system that remotely assesses Using less energy: city to remotely assess and control streetlights, and controls 3,000 streetlights. San Diego is already the City of San Diego chose to move to LED street saving more than $250,000 annually in electricity and A San Diego is already OLJKWLQJIURP&RXQFLOPHPEHU*(PDNLQJLWWKH¿UVW maintenance costs as a result of the LED solution and saving more than city in the United States to adopt sensor technology to added dimming capability. $250,000 annually the existing LightGrid. in electricity and Installing the Intelligent Cities solution in 2015 took maintenance costs as a result of the LED solution The City of San Diego and GE are transforming LED WKRVHVDYLQJVDQGEHQH¿WVDVWHSIXUWKHURSHQLQJ and added dimming street lights into intelligent, connected devices through the door to a world of connected possibilities such as capability. the GE’s ‘Intelligent Cities’ solution. These lights do SDUNLQJRSWLPLVDWLRQLPSURYHGWUDϒFÀRZFRQVWUXFWLRQ much more than illuminate; they connect, collect and delays, weather and environmental updates, and DQDO\VHGDWDWRKHOSWKHFLW\UXQPRUHHϒFLHQWO\ enhanced emergency response. Equipped with sensors and microprocessors, the LED ¿[WXUHVDUHDEOHWRFRQQHFWWR3UHGL[ *(¶VFORXGEDVHG The networked, intelligent LED street lights will have platform for the Industrial Internet) so the city can the ability to direct drivers to available spaces with the access valuable data and insights. help of built-in sensors and wireless transceivers. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 133 CH 6: ENERGY Creating new jobs.Renewable energy and Decreasing reliance on non-renewable local energy typically produce more local energy sources.Smart grids make it far jobs than “traditional” energy (where energy easier for customers to generate energy may be shipped from large centralised plants on premise (for instance, via rooftop solar) outside the region). and to trade energy back and forth with the grid. Implementing the right devices and Generating business investment in cities. instrumentation, such as improved solar A study of the correlation between smart grids PHWHUVKDYHOHGPDQ\¿QDQFLHUVWRRϑHU — a key component of the smart city — and $0 down residential and commercial solar economic growth discovered that cities with programs, reducing the barriers to solar a smart grid have an annual GDP growth rate generation. And smart energy, with the help of WKDWLVKLJKHURϒFHRFFXSDQF\UDWHV reliable two-way communications, makes grids 2.5% higher, and an unemployment rate 1% PRUHÀH[LEOHRYHUDOOWRFXVWRPHUGHPDQG lower when compared to less advanced cities. Lessening energy operating costs.Smart energy reduces operating costs compared to traditional methods. For example, sensors and Creating new jobs: monitors can report on the actual condition of Sustainability expensive equipment so that it can be serviced Renewable energy and local based on actual condition and not a guess. energy typically produce Using less energy. Smart energy means more local jobs than HQHUJ\WKDWLVFOHDQHUPRUHHϒFLHQWDQG “traditional” energy. This kind of asset management can squeeze produces less impact on the environment. A many extra years of use from an asset, without smart grid makes it easier to use wind, solar compromising safety. For another, smart and other renewable sources and wastes less V\VWHPVFDQPDQDJHSHDNWLPHVE\EULHÀ\ energy during transmission and delivery. A reducing demand (called demand response) Workability smart energy strategy gives customers tools toinstead of building new standby power plants reduce their energy usage and costs. that will only get used a few times per year, Improving competitive advantage. A US and can even dim LED streetlights to enable Department of Energy lab estimates that 6RDNH\EHQH¿WRIDVPDUWHQHUJ\V\VWHP² lower operating costs. economic losses from outages cost $80-130 e.g., smart grid plus distributed generation plus billion per year in the US alone. Businesses ways to engage the consumer — is in reduced in cities with modern, ultra-reliable energy carbon production from avoided fossil fuel- systems have a competitive advantage. based generation. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 134 CH 6: ENERGY >ĞƐƐĞŶŝŶŐŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐĐŽƐƚƐ͗ TATA POWER DOUBLES ENERGY DELIVERY WITH OLD INFRASTRCTURE ower Utilities are faced with a major challenge in TATA Power deployed Aluminum Conductor Composite keeping up with exponential growth in the heavily Reinforced (ACCR) from Council member 3M, as Lessening energy populated urban areas, often needing to upgrade these conductors are capable of more than doubling operating costs: Pexisting transmission lines to carry more power. overhead line transfer capacity, often without needing TATA Power faced this situation in Mumbai, where ODUJHUWRZHUV7KHORZFRHϒFLHQWRIWKHUPDOH[SDQVLRQ 200 km of conductor population density was approximately 27,000 people reduces the problems associated with conductor sag. installation was per sq. km. The lines were upgraded from a single to a completed using existing bundled ACSR only 2 years before, but they could not Also, as the ACCR conductor has been installed in many structures and without displacing people living keep pace with the rapid demand growth in the area, applications in US since 2001 including the hot deserts nearby, while increasing because of which they again needed to upgrade their near Phoenix, Arizona, densely populated areas near capacity enough from 110kv Borivali-Malad&Salsette-Saki transmission lines. Washington DC and environmentally sensitive areas 900 to 1800 amps to in Minnesota, the conductor’s reliability under harsh last for 10 years. TATA Power was looking for a solution that would environmental and operating conditions has been survive the harsh Mumbai heat and heavy monsoons, adequately proven. makingit’s reliability under harsh environmental and operating conditions an essential requirement. To 200 km of conductor installation was completed using further complicate things, two-storey residences had existing structures and without displacing people living sprung up under the lines severely violating the sag nearby, while increasing capacity enough from 900 levels. TATA Power wanted to improve clearances over to 1800 amps to last for 10 years. Both the lines are them without disturbing the structures while doing so. working successfully since 2008-2009. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 135 CH 6: ENERGY Achieve citizen engagement.Smart grids Energy targets RϑHU¿QDQFLDOLQFHQWLYHVWRWKHFRQVXPHUWR Governance VKLIWWKHHOHFWULFDOGHPDQGGXULQJRϑSHDN The energy targets described in this chapter KRXUVZLWKDPXWXDOO\EHQH¿WLQJDSSURDFK Formulate new guidelines. India has targeted can help cities develop a smart energy giving the consumer an opportunity to save to build 100 GW solar capacity by 2022, from envrironment that uses intelligence to reduce energy and money. the current 4.4 GW. The Ministry of New and depences on fossil-fuel. Renewable Energy is working towards evolving guidelines as per which all power producers in Collaborativity the private and public sectors would have to generate 10 per cent of solar power of their Pursue multilateral collaboration. The total installed capacities to light up smart Inclusivity exploding energy demand and the shortage cities. of energy supply necessities a need for a Achieve accessibility optimisation. Modern collaborative public and private partnerships as Create a stable policy framework for energy for all — assured electricity supply ZHOODVQRQSUR¿WVSURYLGLQJH[SHUWLVH0XOWLSOH private investors. Almost all smart cities for all is the basic and foremost foundation small-scale utility providers are working with focus on improvement in the clarity of various of any smart city. The smart cities take corporates or foundations to achieve the regulations and commercial policies to attract multiple actions — from building renewable inclusivity goals. For example, Rockefeller and retain investors. For example, given energy infrastructure to deploying smart Foundation is working with local, small-scale growing demand and reliance on natural energy metering with advanced analytics to entrepreneurial start-ups to provide solar gas for power, the continued trend of falling encouraging e-mobility — to reduce the energy power using mini-grids. domestic natural gas production needed to be consumption and deliver cleanest energy to all. reversed with clear and comprehensive policies Another example, the CLEAN Coalition is a and regulations. QRQSUR¿WKHOSLQJWRWUDQVLWLRQIURPRXWGDWHG Formulate citizen reporting framework for energy systems built around large, centralised, outcome thinking. When citizens are provided fossil-fuel-based power plants and lengthy with data collected from smart meters in the LQHϒFLHQWQHWZRUNVWRZDUGVVPDOOVFDOH form of clear, systematic reports illustrating the HϒFLHQWUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\SURMHFWV,W HQHUJ\XVDJHRYHUWLPHDQGHϑHFWLYHVROXWLRQV provides free tools to help city leaders and to reduce it, the citizens take voluntarily XWLOLWLHVWRGHOLYHUDϑRUGDEOHDQGUHOLDEOHSRZHU actions to further reduce the energy carbon to communities. footprint. The smart grid systems not only provide necessary information to the citizens WRKHOSWKHPPDQDJHDQGSODQWKHLUWDULϑVEXW DOVRHPSRZHUWKHPWRFUHDWHHQHUJ\HϒFLHQW communities. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 136 CH 6: ENERGY /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŵĂů ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͗ SMART METERS GIVE FP&L CUSTOMERS CONTROL OF THEIR ENERGY USE n 2013, GE and Florida Power & Light Company The dashboard displays information about consumption (FPL) celebrated completion of Energy Smart Florida and costs a day after it has been recorded by the smart (ESF), an initiative implemented to modernize meter. Each customer can view his or her own power Implement optimal the electric grid and build out a more reliable and use by the hour, day and month and can receive bill instrumentation: IHϒFLHQWHOHFWULFDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUH estimates based on current usage patterns. GE smart meters $VSDUWRIWKHHϑRUW)3/LQVWDOOHGPLOOLRQ*( Many customers are regular dashboard users and have installed in Floida smart meters across its 35-county service territory, provided comments to FPL on how much they like it. Power & Light’s service empowering FPL’s customers to take control of their For example, one FPL customer said, “If people choose territory, along with an online dashboard, are energy use. WRXVHWKHFXVWRPHUSRUWDOWKH\ZLOOGH¿QLWHO\VHH helping utility customers EHQH¿WV&KDQJLQJRXUHQHUJ\KDELWVKDVVDYHGRXU take control of their Council member GE’s smart grid solutions enable family about $100 dollars a month compared to similar energy use. HϑHFWLYHWZRZD\FRPPXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQ)3/DQG homes in our area.” Another customer noted, “I think its customers. For example, FPL’s advanced metering WKHRQOLQHSRUWDOLVWKHJUHDWHVWWRRO)3/KDVWRRϑHU,Q infra- structure provides its customers with hourly today’s economy, every dollar is important. Thanks to data on their energy usage. Each customer with an the smart grid, my family is saving as much as $30 a activated smart meter can view his or her own “Energy month.” Dashboard” through FPL’s website. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 137 CH 6: ENERGY Instrumentation and controltransmit energy usage details directly to the utility. When smart meters are combined with We start our discussion of this chapter’s smart thermostats, smart appliances and/or targets with optimal instrumentation which, energy management devices, consumers can when applied to smart energy, refers to smart participate in energy saving demand response devices such as sensors and smart meters programs where they voluntarily allow the WKDWJDWKHULQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHÀRZDQG utility to send a signal to the smart meter or condition of power and about the condition of other device to temporarily make a modest equipment within the energy infrastructure. adjustment in energy usage. Implement optimal instrumentation. Thanks to real-time information supplied by smart devices, system operators can Connectivity predict, diagnose and mitigate issues that might previously have caused an outage or Not only are smart meters and sensors part of blackout. Examples of energy instrumentation the smart energy network, they are also part include the deployment of smart meters and of a citywide two-way communications system distribution system sensors. — that “system of systems” discussed earlier. Smart meters, which are installed in homes Connect devices with citywide, multi- and businesses, are perhaps the most visible service communications. Connectivity allows instrument in a smart energy network and data collected throughout the smart energy Implement optimal certainly the most controversial due to network to be transmitted for analysis and instrumentation concerns about potential health impacts and : action. For example, connectivity might mean privacy. All of which points to the importance that your smart meters, distribution system RIGHYHORSLQJDQHϑHFWLYHFLWL]HQHQJDJHPHQW Today there are smart sensors and utility are connected through two- meters for electricity, gas strategy long before you start deploying them. way communications. and water. They provide two-way communication Today there are smart meters for electricity, between the customer’s premises and the utility. gas and water. They provide two-way communication between the customer’s premises and the utility. In the old days meters had to be read manually; smart meters Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 138 CH 6: ENERGY Interoperability But the standards selection process is easier in the energy sector with the free Smart Grid Utilities around the world have started building Standards Mapping Tool from the International smart electric grids and smart gas grids, both Electrotechnical Commission, a Council advisor. of which are part of what this Guide refers You can simply point and click to identify any to as the all-encompassing smart energy standard in relation to its role within the smart network. But one of the stumbling blocks early grid. New standards are added regularly. Also on was a lack of standards — and as you can see the Sensor Web Enablement standards of imagine there are numerous pieces of a smart the Open Geospatial Consortium. grid that have to work together and talk to Enable distributed generation with each other. Thanks to a number of standard interconnection standards. bodies around the world that undertook the Recent decades WDVNRIGHYHORSLQJVSHFL¿FDWLRQVDORWRI have seen the proliferation of “distributed the issues that plagued smart grid pioneers generation” of small, decentralised power have been resolved. Below is a quick look at plants located at or near the spot energy interoperability targets, including one that source. Think rooftop solar installations on VSHFL¿FDOO\DSSOLHVWRHQHUJ\ high-rise apartment buildings or wind turbines helping power a shopping mall. Adhere to open standardsto increase choice What is required to make distributed and decrease costs. With open standards, JHQHUDWLRQZRUNHϑHFWLYHO\LVVWUDLJKWIRUZDUG products can be mixed and matched from easy- to-use interconnection standards that GH¿QHKRZWKHHQHUJ\VRXUFHVWLHLQWRWKH GLϑHUHQWYHQGRUV7KHUHDUHKXQGUHGVRI Enable distributed energy grid. It’s a relatively new business standards just for the energy responsibility of a generation with model for utilities, although many have or smart city. interconnection are in the process of developing protocols to standards: As we discussed in the Universal chapter, accommodate distributed generation. selecting standards is a job for specialists. Your When utility customers MRELV¿UVWWRLQVLVWRQXVLQJWKHPZKHQHYHU have access to data about possible and second to hire a supplier with when and how they use demonstrated knowledge and commitment to energy they can make open standards. FKRLFHVDQGWUDGHRϑVWKDW can reduce their energy usage and utility bills. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 139 CH 6: ENERGY Getting it right gives the city and its residents more options for economical and clean power know about it proactively. Making privacy a generation without compromising secure and SULRULW\FDQKHOSZDUGRϑFRQVXPHUEDFNODVK reliable grid operations. that could stall smart energy deployments. Create a security framework. Security Cities that own their local energy or gas utility EUHDFKHVFDQKDYHDULSSOHHϑHFW'HYHORSLQJ can prioritise development of interconnection a comprehensive security framework mitigates standards. Those with energy providers that risk by identifying and addressing threats DUHQRWPXQLFLSDOO\RZQHGPD\QHHGWR¿QG before they can cause damage. This is critical ways to encourage them to modernise their in the energy infrastructure — even more so interconnection standards to accommodate given its inherent importance to the operation what is clearly the wave of the future. of other key infrastructures. Distributed generation has enormous potential, including reduced dependence on fossil fuels Implement cyber security.Cyber attacks DQGKLJKHUHϒFLHQF\DQGJUHDWHUUHVLOLHQFH against energy companies in the US have been against natural or man-made disasters. well-documented. But what were once thought to be attempts to steal information or trade secrets are now focused on causing serious damage to networks and equipment, according to warnings from the US government. Security and privacy The take away here for cities is that Economic and clean implementing cyber-security safeguards early power generation: There are at least three extremely compelling on, maximises protection while avoiding the reasons why smart cities take security and SRWHQWLDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWFRVWVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDQ attack. Distributed generation privacy seriously in the context of energy as has enormous potential, these three targets demonstrate. including reduced dependence on fossil fuels DQGKLJKHUHϒFLHQF\DQG Publish privacy rules. Smart meters have greater resilience against raised privacy concerns around the world. natural or man-made People worry that their daily habits are being disasters. tracked by their local utility via smart meters, which is why smart cities not only publish and adhere to privacy rules, but also let citizens Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 140 CH 6: ENERGY ŶĂďůĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͗ MONITORING AN EXTENSIVE NETWORK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANTS REN Group designs, develops, builds and System Platform provides a single, scalable software operates renewable turnkey power plants using solution for all the supervisory control and data Enable distributed photovoltaics, solar thermal energy and wind. The acquisition (SCADA) and supervisory human machine 9 generation: Spanish company operates some 570 photovoltaic interface (HMI) needs for monitoring 9REN’s renewable installations, mainly in Spain and Italy. In addition to energy installations. From a single control photovoltaic plants, the company has built 183 solar center, 9REN can thermal plants as well as mini-wind installations. 9REN )URPDVLQJOHFRQWUROFHQWHU 5(1FDQHϑHFWLYHO\ HϑHFWLYHO\PRQLWRUWKH plants generate more than 10,000 megawatt-hours monitor the operations infrastructure at each facility. operations infrastructure (MWh) of clean energy each month. “The Wonderware System Platform lets us access all at each of its renewable our installations in real time,” said Antonio Palacios energy facilities, which includes some To manage and monitor its photovoltaic plant facilities, Higueras, services technical manager for 9REN. 570 photovoltaic 9REN created EOSystem, a solution built on the “Because of this, we only require one person to control installations. Wonderware® System Platform from Council member the operation of all of the 568 plants, regardless of Schneider Electric. EOSystem is a real-time monitoring ORFDWLRQ:HDOVRKDYHDFKLHYHGDVLJQL¿FDQWFRVW technology that provides instantaneous information reduction in time per designer and project.” from all photovoltaic installations operated by 9REN through out Europe and the Middle East. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 141 CH 6: ENERGY Data management Computing resources Analytics There is a tremendous amount of data pouring Basically all of the computing resources that As we’ve said previously, analytics are in from sensors, smart meters and other cities use rely on energy in some way, shape or absolutely critical to smart city success and intelligent devices deployed throughout the form, so it makes sense for cities to constantly perhaps nowhere is that more evident than in energy infrastructure of a smart city. PRQLWRUIRUHϒFLHQFLHVDQGHFRQRPLHVDVWKH\ a smart energy network that powers so much use, deploy and procure computing resources. of what a city is and does. We’ll quickly review Create and adhere to a citywide data three of the analytics targets already discussed management, transparency and sharing Consider a cloud computing framework to in the Universal chapter and then introduce two more that speak volumes about energy’s policy. Energy usage data should be integratedenable scalability of systems, reduce costs and importance in a smart city. in the policy that was discussed in detail in theimprove reliability. Universal chapter. And as noted in the previous section, energy usage data needs to comply Use an open innovation platform to Achieve full situational awareness.This with overall security and privacy rules. empower innovators, increase accountability, refers to giving operators a complete picture of generate new revenue streams and stimulate their energy system at any given moment to That said, access to timely, accurate energy economic growth. increase its reliability and resiliency and quickly usage data is an essential component of a respond to trouble. A complete operating FOHDQHUPRUHHϒFLHQWHQHUJ\V\VWHP6RLW¶V Have access to a central Geographic picture is incredibly important to city energy imperative that local utilities grant cities access Information System (GIS)to improve systems. One example: It helps operators to aggregated, summary usage data which GHFLVLRQPDNLQJFDSDELOLWLHVHQDEOHHϒFLHQF\ detect energy theft and thereby conserves can be invaluable for city planning, for carbon gains through more intelligent scheduling and resources. UHGXFWLRQSURJUDPVIRUHQHUJ\HϒFLHQF\ routing, provide improved accuracy of essential programs, for low-income assistance programs, records and boost resiliency of key assets. for improving city performance and for many Achieve operational optimisation.Building other purposes. the very best smart energy network possible Have access to a comprehensive is what cities want to achieve from the 7RSURPRWHHQHUJ\HϒFLHQF\LW¶VDOVR device management systemto improve instrumentation and connectivity investments important for smart cities to encourage utilitiesinfrastructure security and resiliency, they make in their energy infrastructure. to give electric and gas customers access to deliver cost savings and enforce compliance their own usage data. For example, cities can with city data management, security and Optimised energy systems help conserve provide a Web portal for viewing and managingprivacy policies. This target takes on special energy, delivering cost savings to cities, energy usage in real time for customers to seeimportance in the energy discussion due to the residents and businesses and also reducing the their energy usage and utility bills. numerous smart devices and other computing drain on energy resources. resources deployed throughout smart cities. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 142 CH 6: ENERGY ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂĐůŽƵĚĐŽŵƉƵƟŶŐ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ͗ RESIDENTS TRIM ENERGY USE BY 20% WHEN GIVEN REAL-TIME DATA consortium of companies is taking energy consumption data and processes it in real time using conservation to the next level by creating an Windows Azure, the cloud services platform from Consider a cloud entire eco-minded neighbourhood just outside of Council member Microsoft. computing AParis, France. framework: The consortium analyses the data by using Microsoft ,VV\*ULGLV)UDQFH¶V¿UVWVPDUWJULGQHLJKERXUKRRGD SQL Server 2012 data management software. After IssyGrid collects energy demonstration project aimed at reducing energy use that, IssyGrid provides the data to citizens so that they consumption data and in the French town of Issy-les-Moulineaux. It is run by can see how they are using electricity. This enables processes it in real time a consortium of corporate partners and local utilities WKHPWRWDNHVSHFL¿FDFWLRQVWRFRQVHUYH²E\WXUQLQJ using Windows Azure, the Microsoft cloud that consider energy conservation an opportunity RϑWKHWHOHYLVLRQRUORZHULQJWKHWHPSHUDWXUHE\WZR services platform. for businesses to solve. Around 200 test homes and degrees. four commercial buildings in the community have EHHQRXW¿WWHGZLWKHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQPRQLWRULQJ The result: They reduce their consumption — and their devices, with the goal of ultimately expanding the energy bills — by 10 to 20%. program to the entire town. IssyGrid collects energy Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 143 CH 6: ENERGY Automate fault and outage incident. Before the advent of these advanced management. technologies, utilities often didn’t know about an outage until customers started calling in. Automated solutions help make the energy A quick look at economic losses incurred supply more reliable from power outages explains why this is so and improve outage important. A study by the Berkeley National response. Lab back in 2004 estimated that outages cost $80-130 billion per year in economic losses in the US alone. After Super storm Sandy, which wreaked havoc across north-eastern America in 2012, the US Congress approved more than $60 billion in emergency aid, which is roughly what state governments reported in damages Achieve asset optimisation. This target plays and other losses. By encouraging automated 1RZZH¶OOLQWURGXFHWZRQHZHQHUJ\VSHFL¿F an important role in the energy sphere, help- solutions a city or utility can make the energy targets that are critical to smart city success. ing cities maximise the value of their assets supply more reliable, improve response to by 1) calculating which energy assets need to Automate fault and outage management. outages which in turn makes businesses more be repaired or replaced and when, and 2) by This is about the “self-healing” grid we referred competitive and residents more comfortable. predictive maintenance, which uses analytics to to earlier. The idea is that the utility that spot equipment that is close to failure so that serves your city would enable remote sensors, Segment and personalise programs for it can be repaired or replaced before problems smartmeters and other advanced smart grid customers.This is one of the big pluses of arise. technologies deployed throughout the energy today’s smart energy networks. They can network to automatically reduce the number consider multiple variables — like a utility customer’s preferences, system parameters, Pursue predictive analytics.Drawing from of outages and the duration of those that do weather, cost of energy — to optimise and instrumentation deployed across a city, occur. For instance, a sensor might detect a personalise rates and programs. As part of analytics can enable advanced forecasting and fault on the electric grid and be able to locate it that personalisation, a smart city’s utility, management of a diverse, secure and resilient DQGLVRODWHLWEHIRUHLWKDVWLPHWRDϑHFWRWKHU whether municipally owned or a private utility energy system. ICT helps cities account for areas. that operates in the city, can identify energy GHPDQGZHDWKHUHϑHFWVIURPGLVWULEXWHG use patterns and then make customised resources that may be variable and other Or smart meters may alert a utility’s outage recommendations to help customers get the operational considerations. Understanding what management system of trouble, allowing the best possible rates or assist with fraud and to expect helps cities save on costs, conserve utility to immediately dispatch crews and keep service connection issues. resources and prepare for extreme events. customers updated during and after the Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 144 CH 6: ENERGY ^ĞŐŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝnjĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĨŽƌĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ͗ COMPANY’S DEMAND RESPONSE INCENTIVES PAY FOR MORE TECHNOLOGY hen energy demand is high and supply is short, at its headquarters, which has 1.2 million square feet of 6DQ)UDQFLVFR&DOLIRUQLDEDVHG3DFL¿F*DV space in 10 buildings. The headquarters uses 54 million Segment and (OHFWULF 3* ( RϑHUV¿QDQFLDOLQFHQWLYHVWR kilowatt hours annually, with a peak demand of 7.6 personalize Wcompanies that reduce their load in response to megawatts. In 2008, NetApp’s annual utility bill was programs for a request. $7.7 million, 89% of that for electricity. customers: NetApp, a Sunnyvale, California company that creates (QHUJ\HϒFLHQWHTXLSPHQWLVRQO\SDUWRIWKHVROXWLRQ &DOLIRUQLD¶V3DFL¿F*DV storage and data management solutions, signed up for “You also need to make intelligent decisions about (OHFWULFRϑHUV¿QDQFLDO PG&E’s Demand Bidding Program, which means the equipment settings, and that requires gathering incentives to companies utility pays NetApp $0.50/kWh when the request is and analysing information from disparate building that reduce their energy made the day before and $0.60/kWh if the request is systems, including metering systems and PDUs [power load in response to a request. NetApp made the same day. distribution units],” says David Shroyer, a NetApp installed Cisco’s Network controls engineer. Building Mediator to It started several years ago when NetApp saw an enable its participation RSSRUWXQLW\WRVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ in the program. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 145 CH 6: ENERGY 7RDLGWKDWHϑRUWWKHFRPSDQ\GHSOR\HGWKH1HWZRUN%XLOGLQJ0HGLDWRU from PG&E paid for the system and NetApp has since deployed Network from Council member Cisco, which aggregates information from all of Building Mediator for automated demand response at its properties in NetApp’s building systems, including lighting, heating, ventilation, air Europe and India. conditioning, temperature sensors and PDUs, from multiple vendors. Within 20 minutes of the demand-response signal from the utility, the Building engineers and facilities personnel can control systems in any Cisco Network Building Mediator reduces lighting by 50% and raises the building using a Web-based interface. Demand response payments temperature set point by four degrees, shedding 1.1 megawatts. Today many electric and gas utilities charge a single rate for every residential customer at every time of the day. In reality, the cost of energy varies widely depending on the time. In particular, electric energy can be very inexpensive at night when demand is low and the output from wind farms is high. But it can be very costly during hot summer days when air-conditioners are cranked up, demand is very high and energy is scarce. Implement Smart meters and smart grids make it possible optimal IRUXWLOLWLHVWRRϑHUDYDULHW\RISURJUDPVWR instrumentation. HQFRXUDJHHQHUJ\HϒFLHQF\DQGFRVWVDYLQJV Examples include time-of-use rates, peak-time Optimal UHEDWHVHϒFLHQF\LQFHQWLYHVDQGGHPDQG instrumentation is response programs. what creates a data critical to a smart city. Centre Point Energy in Texas completed installation of more than 2.2 million smart meters from Council member Itron as part of its smart grid initiative, which was designed to give consumers more control over their energy Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 146 CH 6: ENERGY consumption. Now CenterPoint customers have a 15-minute interval access to their energy data from the Smart Meter Texas online web portal, and have wireless capabilities to install in home energy management devices. “Our smart meter deployment has been extremely successful. Not only have we had compliments from our customers and the Public Utility Commission of Texas, we’ve also had compliments from the Department of Energy,” said Kenny Mercado, division senior vice president of grid and market operations for Centre Point Energy. The Smart Grid Consumer Collaborative 6*&& LVDQRQSUR¿WRUJDQLVDWLRQIRFXVHGRQ advancing a consumer-safe, consumer-friendly smart grid and has researched consumers Facility helps public and private The US Congress provided $135 million to and published reports on smart grid consumer construct and equip the facility. education and segmentation. SGCC’s research sector researchers scale up VKRZVWKDWFRQVXPHUVIDOOLQWR¿YHEURDG clean energy technologies ESIF, which opened in 2013, houses more segments ranging from Concerned Greens, than 15 experimental laboratories and several those people who want a cleaner energy Located at the National Renewable Energy outdoor test beds, including an interactive portfolio, to Do-It-Yourself and Save, those Laboratory’s campus in Golden, Colorado, the hardware-in-the-loop system that lets people who want to save money and are likely new 182,500-square-foot Energy Systems researchers and manufacturers test their to enrol in programs that will help personalise ,QWHJUDWLRQ)DFLOLW\ (6,) LVWKH¿UVWIDFLOLW\ products at full power and real grid load levels. programs that match their values around in the United States to help both public and energy. Joining with organisations like SGCC to private sector researchers scale up promising The facility will also feature a peta scale obtain materials, collaborate with others and clean energy technologies — from solar super computer that can support large-scale learn best practices for citizen engagement is modules and wind turbines to electric vehicles modelling and simulation at one quadrillion one way to increase the likelihood that smart DQGHϒFLHQWLQWHUDFWLYHKRPHDSSOLDQFHV² operations per second. energy projects receive consumer support. and test how they interact with each other and the grid at utility-scale. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 147 CH 6: ENERGY ͕͖͔͗͛ǣ In 2014, the International Organisation for Standards announced an ISO standard that applies strictly to city performance. The document known as ISO 37120:2014 establishes a set of open data indicators to measure the delivery of city services and quality of life. It GH¿QHVFRPPRQPHWKRGRORJLHVWKDWFLWLHVFDQ use to measure their performance in areas such DVHQHUJ\HQYLURQPHQW¿QDQFHHPHUJHQF\ response, governance, health, recreation, Energy Indicator safety, solid waste, telecommunications, Implement optimal instrumentation Enable distributed generation Create energy data management policy optimization operational Achieve asset optimization Achieve analytics Pursue predictive fault and outage management Automate full situational analysis Achieve transportation, urban planning, wastewater, water, sanitation and more. 7.1 Total residential electrical energy use per capita (kWh/year)•••••• In the table at right we have indicated how 7.2 Percentage of city population with authorised electrical ••service the standard related to energy intersect with WKH&RXQFLO¶V(QHUJ\WDUJHWVLGHQWL¿HGRQWKH Core 7.3 Energy consumption of public buildings per year (kWh/m²)•••••• next page. While there are many aspects of The percentage of total energy derived from renewable sources; as a energy to consider, ISO 37120 focuses on a 7.4 share of the city’s total energy consumption •••••• FLW\¶VHQHUJ\HϒFLHQF\HQHUJ\DYDLODELOLW\DQG energy mix. 7.5 Total electrical energy use per capita (kWh/year) •••••• 7.6 Average number of electrical interruptions per customer per year ••• Supporting 7.7 Average length of electrical interruptions (in hours) ••• Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 148 CH 6: ENERGY ENERGY TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHHQHUJ\UHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQbold, universal targets are not. Enabler Energy Targets Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their energy infrastructures None Partial Over 50%Complete Achieve accessibility optimisation Inclusivity Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking Achieve citizen engagement Create institutional framework Collaborativity Pursue multilateral collaboration Human Human Achieve existing infrastructure optimisation Governance Formulate new supporting policy frameworks and regulatory mandates Institutional Create a stable policy framework for private investors Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 149 CH 6: ENERGY ENERGY TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHHQHUJ\UHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQbold, universal targets are not. Enabler Energy Targets Implementation Progress HHow smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their energy infrastructuresNone Partial Over 50%Complete Instrumentation and Implement optimal instrumentation Control Connectivity Connect devices with citywide, multi-service communications Adhere to open standards Use open integration architectures and loosely coupled interfaces Interoperability Prioritise use of legacy investments Enable multi-channel access to integrated customer transportation account Publish privacy rules Security and Privacy Create a security framework Implement cyber security Technology Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy Data Management (Supplement : including energy usage data) Consider a cloud computing framework Use an open innovation platform Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management Achieve full situational awareness Achieve operational optimisation Analytics Achieve asset optimisation Pursue predictive analytics Automate fault and outage managenen Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 150 CH 6: ENERGY 7 Telecommunications Ubiquitous broadband telecommunication is a prerequisite for a smart city. Digitisation in India offers an unprecedented opportunity IRUFRQQHFWLQJFLWLHVIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHWRWKH information grid and empowering citizens. This chapter explains how to achieve a telecommunications architecture that can serve as the foundation of a smart city and the foundation for major improvements in livability, workability and sustainability. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 151 CH 7: TELECOMMUNICATION +RZHYHUFLW\UHVSRQVLELOLWLHVVXFKDVSRZHU SXEOLFVDIHW\DQGWUDQVSRUWDWLRQGHSHQG RQWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV,QWKDWVHQVH WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVLVDOVRDQHQDEOHU:KHQ ZHDUHWDONLQJDERXWWKHWHFKQRORJ\LQWKDW VHQVHZHXVHWKHWHUP³FRQQHFWLYLW\´WR PDNHWKHGLVWLQFWLRQ ,QWKHVWFHQWXU\SHRSOHDQGEXVLQHVVHV FRQVXPHWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVOLNHDUHVRXUFH MXVWDVWKH\FRQVXPHHOHFWULFLW\WROLJKW Telecommunications HEHJLQE\GH¿QLQJWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV WKHLUKRPHVDQGZDWHUWRTXHQFKWKHLU is also an enabler: ERWKDVLWH[LVWVWRGD\DQGDVLWZLOO WKLUVW$VDUHVXOWLWLVYLWDOWKDWFLWLHVWDNH HYROYHWRPRUURZ$IWHUZHGLVFXVVWKH RQWKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIHQVXULQJDGHTXDWH City responsibilities such W³ZKDW´ZH¶OOWDONDERXWWKH³ZK\´² WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVVRWKHLUUHVLGHQWVKDYH as power, public safety ZK\WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVLVVRYLWDOWRVPDUW DFFHVVWRKLJKTXDOLW\FRPPXQLFDWLRQV&LWLHV and transportation depend FLW\VXFFHVV:H¶OO¿QLVKE\GLVFXVVLQJWKH GRQ¶WKDYHWREXLOGRZQDQGRSHUDWHWKH on telecommunications. LQIUDVWUXFWXUH²LQIDFWPRVWZLOOQRW%XWWKH\ When we are talking WDUJHWVIRUWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV²WKHHQG about the technology in VWDWHVDWZKLFK\RXVKRXOGDLP\RXUHIIRUWV PXVWDWOHDVWFRQWLQXHWRVHWWKHFRQGLWLRQV that sense, we use the $ORQJWKHZD\ZHZLOOSD\EULHIYLVLWVWR DQGSROLFLHVWKDWLQFHQWLYLVHWKHSULYDWHVHFWRU term “connectivity” to WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVVXFFHVVVWRULHVIURP WRLQVWDOOVWDWHRIWKHDUWWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV make the distinction. 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Rapid urbanisation, surging pace of living and rising lucrative employment opportunities has made urban cities the centre of economic grown in India. Urban transportation is highly complex due to the interaction between multiple modes, the multitude of origins and GHVWLQDWLRQVDQGWKHTXDQWXPDQGYDULHW\RIWUDI¿F Innovative and ICT-driven mobility solutions help LQSURYLGLQJVPDUWDQGHI¿FLHQWWUDQVSRUWRSWLRQVDV ZHOODVUHGXFLQJWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQDQGHQYLURQPHQWDO degradation to achieve smarter mobility. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 175 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Urban population in Indian cities has been growing at an alarming rate as a result of unprecedented population growth and unchecked mass-migration to cities due to increasing lucrative employment opportunities. By 2031, cities will account for nearly 70% of India's GDP and around 600 million people are expected to live in India’s cities, according to the World Bank. As Indian cities continue to expand, infrastructure growth is unable to keep pace with urbanisation. Lack of adequate, safe and quality public transportation, overloaded road QHWZRUNLQHIIHFWLYHWUDI¿FPDQDJHPHQWVDIHW\ Growing urbanisation apid urbanisation experienced in recent concerns, poor road conditions, parking issues, drives changes: decades, particularly in developing ODFNRIDPHQLWLHVIRUµQRQYHKLFXODUWUDI¿F¶VXFK economies, has placed a huge burden on as walkways, bike paths and , bike parking are By 2031, cities will account SXEOLFDGPLQLVWUDWLRQVWR¿QDQFHDQGEXLOG R the key issues that most cities face today. for nearly 70% of India's urban infrastructure including roads, transit GDP and about 600 million systems and public utilities. Though, we are Currently mass transportation in Indian cities people are expected going to focus on transport systems that move to live in India’s cities, is primarily by roads. Except for rail-based people around, these systems are connected according to World Bank. transport – Electric Multiple Unit suburban Even with rapid transit or share resources with goods, services and trains and metro rails in the metropolitan infrastructure development information accessibility. in last decade, only about cities of Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi and 20 Indian cities with Bangalore, buses are almost the only means populations over 500,000 of public transport in the country. Even with have any kind of organised rapid transit infrastructure development in the public transport systems. Urban Transportation last decade, only about 20 Indian cities with populations over 500,000 have any kind of organised public transport systems. The share By 2050, urban mobility infrastructure is of public transport in large Indian cities actually expected to triple; consequently, the average declined from around 70% in 1994 to almost WLPHVSHQWLQWUDI¿FMDPVZLOOEHWKUHHWLPHV 40% in 2007, as per the World Bank. more than today. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 176 CH 8: TRASPORTATION Rising per capita income has resulted in a steep rise in passenger car and two-wheeler growth, which currently account for more than 80% of the vehicle population, largely FRQFHQWUDWHGLQPDMRUFLWLHV By 2025, the motorisation rate in India is predicted to grow at 12.5%, surpassing all countries including China, according to an ET bureau report. Roads are a common property resource, and people are free to use them with little restriction. Car-driven infrastructure needs about 40 times more space per person than buses. Space for car parking is an additional need and most under-utilised resource, and so does the private cars, being idle for 90% of the time, by some accounts. )XUWKHUPRUHXOWUDXUEDQWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQ is associated with high opportunity costs. Opportunely, smart urban transport Currently, urban transport is the single largest infrastructure generates massive capital cost The promise source of transport-related carbon emissions savings and reduces pollution, as a result of of smart and local source of urban atmospheric a shift away from private car infrastructure transportation: pollution. High operating costs associated with towards public transport, walking and cycling. extensive personalised mode use are further $GHTXDWHHI¿FLHQWDQGFRVWHIIHFWLYHWUDQVSRUW According to study associated with extra traveling time and loss of system permits cities and towns to become conducted by the Transport Corporation of SURGXFWLYLW\7KHVH¿QDQFLDODQGZHOIDUHFRVWV catalysts for economic, social and human India and IIM in 2012, development. to cities and citizens can be substantial. India faces a loss of Rs 600bn ($10.8bn) a year According to a study conducted by the IIM and In the pages that follow we’ll see the key due to congestion, and Transport Corporation of India in 2012, India GULYHUVRIVPDUWWUDQVSRUWDWLRQWKHEHQH¿WV slow speed and waiting time at toll plazas. faces a loss of Rs 600bn ($10.8bn) a year due it brings and streategies to choose. Then we to congestion, and slow speed and waiting time will talk about the targets that cities need to at toll plazas. achieve to put smart transportation in top gear. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 177 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Why make transportationcity with highest concentration of PM 2.5 — Interconnectedness systems Smart? particulate matters less than 2.5 microns. Suchassessment high levels of air pollution can cause serious health problems and even fatalities. Mobility and congestion are challenges for Planning improvement in the city’s Lock-in.Land-use and transportation almost every city around the world. With transportation infrastructure and services infrastructure changes at a much slower pace increasing pace of urban migration, most of cannot be undertaken without understanding than lifestyles and technology. Long-range WKHFLWLHVLQ,QGLDDUHQRWMXVWIDOOLQJVKRUWRI the interdependencies, such as built plans and huge capital investment creates best practices, but in a state of crisis. Smart environment, energy, telecommunication, VLJQL¿FDQWORFNLQHIIHFW/RFNLQRFFXUVDW cities use information and communications safety and health, to name a few. both at strategic planning and implementation technology (ICT) to achieve available, safer, levels. The long span between planning sustainable, faster and effective transportation Each city has developed its own unique to execution leads to cost overruns and systems. Smart and sustainable transport is spatial structures and transportation modes LQÀH[LELOLW\RIDOWHUQDWLYHV driven by multiple issues, including: to provide access to people, goods, services and information. Transportation and the built Safety. India’s mobility accidents and environment have overlapping elements — Urban complexities.Urban transport not only fatality rates are among the highest in the roads, rails and ports are typically essential involves various modes of transport systems, world, around 3% of the country’s GDP by components of a smart transportation system EXWDOVRFRSURGXFHVDFFHVVLELOLW\MRLQWO\ZLWK government estimation, mainly affecting the — but can also represent massive construction spatial development. Surging urban population poor and vulnerable. Female safety concerns investments. City densities, level of mixed-use and escalating pace of living are exerting are another key issue related to public and centralisation also considerably impacts increasing pressure on decades-old physical transport. transport systems. infrastructure in most large cities. Any mode of smart transportation needs Absence of vision.Development of urban Environmental degradation.6LJQL¿FDQWDQG energy, in some form, and communications infrastructure is often driven by certain increasing proportion of transport pollution systems for effective functioning within the VKDUHKROGHUFRQÀLFWVRULQWHUHVWJURXSV emission is by high carbon and energy- system. Smart payment systems and public without formulating a sustainable vision for the intensive and mostly fossil-fuel based private safety measures make smart transportation mobility concept. For instance, the proposed motorised vehicles. Around 80% of the more effective. coastal highway for Mumbai is biased towards increase in global transport emissions since isolated individual vehicle-driven mobility, 1970 has been due to road vehicles. Last year, On the other hand, smart transportation results which will affect spatial, ecological and cultural a report by the World Health Organisation in decreasing congestion and CO2 emission equilibrium, and in turn leads to a change- showed that 13 of the top 20 most polluted and improves water and health. inhibiting attitude. cities (from 1,600 cities) in the world are in India. In fact, Delhi is the world’s most polluted Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 178 CH 8: TRASPORTATION Smart solutions by integrating innovative concepts and technology Promoting and expanding smart mobility ecosystems require rethinking of transportation investments, focusing on moving commuters DVHI¿FLHQWO\DVSRVVLEOHWKURXJKPXOWLSOH modes of transport. Innovative concepts and technologies together can solve most of WKHFKDOOHQJHVE\LPSURYLQJHI¿FLHQF\DQG resilience of transportation systems, while minimising the need to upgrade and expand the physical infrastructure and reducing per capita vehicles-miles travelled. Smart solutions LQWUDQVSRUWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHWUDI¿FPDQDJHPHQW and information and payment systems together can help in creating people-oriented, intelligent Build resilient, transportation in at least 10 ways: 2. Create integrated multimodal safer and transportation: An alternative to roadway affordable public 1. Build resilient, safer and affordable expansion, well-connected multimodal transportation: public transportation. A comprehensive transportation system coordinates for sustainable mobility vision and focused speedy, safe, economic and convenient A comprehensive implementation create a formally WUDYHOSURYLGHDQHI¿FLHQWVROXWLRQWR sustainable mobility vision and focused organised public transport. Investments in manage growing transportation demand. implementation create Seamless connectivity with various transit absolutely-needed and well-planned mass a formally organised, transit systems, such as bus rapid transit modes within a trip channel, such as HI¿FLHQWSXEOLFWUDQVSRUW (BRT), railways, metro, light rail, with walking, cycling, automobile and public The image above shows investments digital systems such as GPS, transit provides increased capacity, Mumbai metro that opened in 2015. IVR and intelligent data exchange, achieve enhanced accessibility and minimised HI¿FLHQF\KLJKWUDYHOVSHHGDQGKLJKHU waiting time. safety standards. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 179 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION • Facilitate infrastructure, operational • ImSURYH¿UVWDQGODVWPLOH and institutional integration.Public connectivity.Developing ‘non-automobile’ Ola; (2) real-time carpooling services like transit systems are more user-friendly infrastructure for safe walking and bicycling Zimride; (3) car-sharing via a system of when connected with each other, physically not only provides connectivity to mass third-party ownership such as Zoomcar and and operationally, through multimodal transport but also reduces congestion. Car2Go (with more than 1 million members hubs, transfer stations and non-motorised ICT creates real-time data integration and around the world) that allowed car facilities. Using ICT to optimise transit data sharing to give accurate situational renting by minute or hour; and (4) bicycle UHVRXUFHVE\MRLQWO\XVLQJIDFLOLWLHV GDWDDERXWWUDI¿FZHDWKHUDQGSROOXWLRQ commuting and bike-sharing programs like equipment, parking and safety provisions to allow riders to make informed decisions FLW\ELNHVDUHUHGH¿QLQJYHKLFOHRZQHUVKLS of passengers, and coordinating services about choosing the optimal path. While and are changing how people get around. eliminates wasteful duplications. VSDFHHI¿FLHQWORFDOVKXWWOHEXVHVDQG Even availability of autonomous driving intermediate para-transit (IPT) such vehicles is in the near future, despite the as shared rickshaw and taxies improve • Integrate information sharing.ICT helps high design costs and fast depreciation and connectivity, park-n-ride services shorten in creating seamless connectivity through high utilisation can make these shared, car-trips. real-time information sharing interface and high-tech mobility cars economically multimodal trip planning applications, and compelling. user devices such as smart phones. For 3. Achieve asset optimiation.Rail 5. Initiate eco-friendly alternative energy instance, the SmartSantander app in the DXWRPDWLRQHOHFWUL¿FDWLRQVROXWLRQVDQG transport vehicles. city of Santander provides residents with fully automated light rail vehicles can be real time data on transit connectivity, road ÀH[LEO\DGDSWHGWRSDVVHQJHUYROXPHWKXV • Sustainable public transportation.For closures, parking, and bus delays. PDNLQJPRUHHI¿FLHQWXVHRIWKHH[LVWLQJ instance, hybrid and electric buses and infrastructure. Web-based platforms ORZHPLVVLRQRUHYHQ]HURHPLVVLRQÀHHWV • (QDEOHXQL¿HGIDUHV\VWHPV optimises car-sharing among co-workers FDQEHPDGHPRUHHI¿FLHQWZLWKVPDUW DQGLQ¿QGLQJFRPPXWHSDUWQHUVIURPWKH Comprehensive, interconnected fare charging infrastructure and solar powered existing network or even with strangers payment like smart single fare card with lighting. The University of California at with matching preference. Web-based accessibility allows seamless San Diego implemented an award-winning access and payment across different electrical vehicle (EV) program, with its ÀHHWFRQVLVWLQJRIPRUHWKDQK\EULG modes. For instance, Mexico City, Mexico 4. Empower innovative vehicle ownership. and alternative-fuel vehicles. Shuttle buses and Sao Paulo, Brazil are expanding the Smart people are realising that it is too use cleaner-burning ultra-low-sulphur smart card payment systems for use on expensive and wasteful to own a vehicle, diesel fuel. Council member OSIsoft’s PI multiple modes, while the city of Chicago which would be left parked, by some system can integrate with solar energy on offers Chicago Card Plus IGO Smart Card accounts, 90% of the time. The arrival parking structures to manage charging and that provides integrated access to public of four modes of alternative mobility: (1) supporting modeling. transport and car-sharing services. on-demand ride services such as Uber and Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 180 CH 8: TRASPORTATION ĐŚŝĞǀĞĂƐƐĞƚŽƉŝŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ DATA MANAGEMENT HELPS BUILD SMARTER RAILROAD ndia’s youngest rail operator, Konkan Railway, IBM developed ‘Railway Application Package’ connecting north and west with the southern part (RAP) system, where real-time data is fed into the of India, covering total distance of 740 km along management system that uses smart analytics to Achieve the Western Coast and Ghats, was facing growth respond to information in real time such as scheduling operational Imanagement and safety problems due to hostile terrain delays, abnormalities or passenger queries. opimisation: DQGGLI¿FXOWZHDWKHUFRQGLWLRQVLQ.RQNDQ • Improved services, as the system offering a Web- Reduced energy costs Due to rail inaccessibility earlier, the route became based train location system, train-operations and by 20% by developing TXLWHSRSXODUIURPWKHGD\WKH¿UVWSKDVHZDVRSHQHG ticketing management operations. LQIRUPDWLRQÀRZ in 1993. While managing a large network of passenger systems and analytics, and freight trains resulting from rapid growth, Konkan • Reduced energy costs by 20% by developing ZKLOHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ improving commuters Railway’s primary goal was to improve commuters’ LQIRUPDWLRQÀRZV\VWHPVDQGDQDO\WLFVWRPDQDJH safety. safety and services, and replace redundant manual timely air-circulation and platform lights automation. SURFHGXUHVZLWKHI¿FLHQWVROXWLRQVWREULQJJUHDWHU RSHUDWLQJHI¿FLHQF\ • Improved commuter safety E\VLJQL¿FDQWO\ improving the ability to analyse, maintain and present To overcome the problems and lay the foundation for data, helped in reducing the likelihood of passenger smarter railway transport, Konkan Railway leveraged delays and cultivated better decision-making. Informix Dynamic Server solution from Council India member IBM. The software provided availability and • Minimised staff for train management, collecting cost-effective performance, requiring only two database ticket revenue, etc., reduced supporting and IT costs. administrators managing 66 database servers. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 181 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Hybrid e-bikes: systems make economic use of space and Ordinary bicycle free up blocked spaces. Optimising existing transformed into hybrid e-bikes and mobile infrastructure, such as creating parking sensing units, mapping XQGHUÀ\RYHUVZLWKV\VWHPDWLFIUHHULJKW air and noise pollution hand lanes can optimise urban space use. OHYHOVWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQ 8. Map and monitor transport and and road conditions in physical infrastructure.Transportation real-time to make better administrations face an enormous informed decisions. Image: MIT challenge in keeping their infrastructure RSHUDWLQJXQLQWHUUXSWHGDQGHI¿FLHQWO\ ICT gives a highly accurate picture of location and condition. Throughout the transport and infrastructure life-cycle, GIS • Hybrid e-bikes.Ordinary bicycles 6. 7UDI¿FPDQDJHPHQWDQGFRQWURO WHFKQRORJ\KHOSVFUHDWHDVHDPOHVVÀRZRI transformed into hybrid e-bikes and &RPSOH[LWLHVRIPRGHUQWUDI¿FFDQEH information from one stage to the next. mobile sensing units, mapping air and VLJQL¿FDQWO\PLWLJDWHGXVLQJUHDOWLPH QRLVHSROOXWLRQOHYHOVWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQ data and creative solutions. City and and road conditions in real-time will make state governments around the world are 9. Formulate transportation assessment better informed decisions. For instance, investing in technology and engineering and planningTransportation development Copenhagen Green Wheel, captures energy WRGHYHORSG\QDPLFLQWHOOLJHQWWUDI¿F requires careful prediction of demand- dissipated while cycling and braking and management systems that interconnect supply gap. GIS integrates factors such as saves it when need a bit of boosting. roads and rails, while information systems land-use, housing and employment density KHOSSDVVHQJHUV¿QGDQHI¿FLHQWWULS to evaluate smart transportation-growth route. Public transport (buses and light alternatives. • Electric and hybrid cars.Renaissance UDLOV DUHJLYHQSULRULW\DWWUDI¿FVLJQDOV of electric cars is the need of the hour in and dedicated lanes ensure speed and India. Smart cities are spending billions 10. Instigate land-management. Integrate reliability — the two crucial factors for on spurring electric and hybrid vehicle transit systems and land use in order to promoting public transport. infrastructure. Automobile manufacturers achieve high levels of non-motorised travel are being encouraged by city governments and transit use, reduced vehicle mileage, and shorter average trip length while by developing supporting infrastructure 7. Innovative parking system.Unchecked, providing a high level of accessibility. such as charging stations, to invest in LOOHJDOSDUNLQJFUHDWHVWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQ research and development to manufacture on most of the interior roads. Multilayered VDIHHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQWWHFKQRORJLFDOO\ integrated parking and use of digital advanced cars, trucks and buses. technology to create intelligent parking Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 182 CH 8: TRASPORTATION dƌĂĸĐŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů͗ PUBLIC TRANSPORT PRIORITY REDUCES TRIP TIME IN INDORE CITY QGRUHWKH¿QDQFLDOKXEDQGPRVWSRSXORXVFLW\ 763LVDQLQWHOOLJHQWWUDI¿FVLJQDOV\VWHPWKDWWDNHV of Madhya Pradesh was facing huge challenges in external input, in the form of video or loop-based 7UDI¿FPDQDJHPHQW WUDI¿FPDQDJHPHQWSUHVVXUHGE\PRWRUYHKLFOHV vehicle detectors, in order to identify the arrival of and control: doubling in the last decade. One of the solutions, a bus at an intersection. This information is used to IIndore BRTS, began operations in May 2013, carrying prioritise bus movement by expediting the green phase TSP installed by Indore air-conditioned buses equipped with services like GPS for buses alone at a signal. BRT was set to detect and IVR running, over 22 km of a dedicated corridor. WUDI¿FLQWKHEXVODQH For TSP at MR-9 intersection along the BRT corridor, twice during each signal Intersection delays are a key impediment to faster WKHDXWRPDWHGFRQWUROOHUZDVVHWWRGHWHFWWUDI¿FLQWKH cycle. This resulted in movement of buses. Giving buses priority over bus lane twice during each signal cycle. This resulted in saving about 25% of total trip time, about 10 RWKHUURDGXVHUVDWWUDI¿FVLJQDOVHQVXUHVVSHHGDQG saving around 25% of total trip time, about 10 minutes minutes during every reliability. The Indore BRTS employed a pan-corridor during every trip. Elongation of green for BRTS bus trip. ZLUHOHVVWUDI¿FVLJQDOV\VWHP :L7UDF GHYHORSHGE\D H[WHQGHGWKHUHGVLJQDOE\VHFRQGVIRURWKHUWUDI¿F leading advanced computing centre. WiTrac signals are and showed negligible effect on overall working of the solar-powered and wireless, allowing rapid installation. WUDI¿FVLJQDOV6LJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHGLQWHUVHFWLRQZDLWLQJ 7KHQHWZRUNLV¿WWHGZLWKDFDPHUDEDVHGYHKLFOH time and integrated ticketing for BRT and existing DFWXDWHGV\VWHPWKDWGHWHFWV%57YHKLFOHVDQGDGMXVWV city buses reduced the delays at intersections and F\FOHWLPHVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHWUDI¿FFRQGLWLRQV minimised passenger trip times. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 183 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Livability 5HGXFLQJWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQDQGDFFLGHQWV Advanced analytics and instrumentation can provide cities with the information they need WRPLQLPLVHFRQJHVWLRQ7UDI¿FOLJKWVFDQEH V\QFKURQLVHGDQGDGMXVWHGIRURSWLPDOWUDI¿F ÀRZ,QYHKLFOHFROOLVLRQDYRLGDQFHV\VWHPV can take action to prevent congestion-causing DFFLGHQWV3DUNLQJFDQEHPDGHPRUHHI¿FLHQW through instrumentation and mobile apps. Reducing travel time.With the help of analytics and ICT, traveller information systems and real-time route planning can plot multi- modal routes for travelers. Integrated transit systems direct people when and where to switch from a bus to the subway, to arrive at 5HGXFLQJWUDI¿F GHVWLQDWLRQVDWWKHIDVWHVWWLPH$QGWUDI¿FDQG congestion and Ƥweather alerts can be delivered via smartphone accidents: transportation applications to alleviate commute times. Parking can be made Lowering travel costs for citizens. Case studies clearly demonstrate the PRUHHI¿FLHQWWKURXJK Innovative urban transport systems such instrumentation and mobile correlation between use of ITC and innovative DVEXVUDSLGWUDQVLW %57 RIIHUVLJQL¿FDQW apps. ‘Vertical Automatic PRELOLW\FRQFHSWVDQGWUDQVSRUWDWLRQHI¿FLHQF\ cost savings compared to traditional metro Parking Lot’ Chicago 1932. and effectiveness. Cities that promote high Original photo: British Pathe, and regional rail at similar capacity levels level of public transport use, cycling, bike and Image: NY Daily News. DQGKDVEHHQGHPRQVWUDWHGWRVLJQL¿FDQWO\ car sharing, along with smart mobility cards, reduce congestion related costs in numerous do reduce travel time, fatal accidents and cities including Ahmedabad, Bogota, Lagos, environmental impacts. Guangzhou and Johannesburg. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 184 CH 8: TRASPORTATION ZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐƚƌĂĸĐĐŽŶŐĞƐƟŽŶ͗ BANGKOK MANAGES TRAFFIC WITH SMART NETWORK angkok is the capital, and largest city, of Thailand Under the ‘Healthy City’ development framework — a population of nine million, which in addition implementation, the 3000 IP camera surveillance HQMR\VKXJHLQÀX[RIYLVLWRUVHDFK\HDU:LWK network installed by BMA provides substantial and 5HGXFLQJWUDI¿F Blarge volumes of public, private and traditional time-sensitive information where and when it’s needed. congestion: transportation – tuk-tuks (motorised rickshaws) using The Allied Telesis advanced switching products provide city roads, the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration high availability with features such as dual load- This integrated ZDVORRNLQJIRUZD\VWRLPSURYHERWKHI¿FLHQF\DQG sharing, for maximum uptime. solution provides safety for commuters. BMA with the Two key technologies at the network core and unrestricted access to One key issue facing BMA was the size of the network distribution layers ensures continuous access to critical citywide information UHTXLUHGWRSURYLGHVXI¿FLHQWUHDOWLPHLQIRUPDWLRQ real-time data ensures moment-by-moment decisions, and videos, ease around the city. It was imperative that the new network DORQJZLWKFRQWLQJHQF\SODQQLQJWRHDVHWUDI¿F of management, provide high availability, reliable speed, weather congestion, speed up emergency response time and and network protection and ease of maintenance. improve quality of travel around the city. performance, reliability and BMA chose Council member Allied Telesis solution This integrated solution provides BMA with the resilience. to provide an IP video surveillance system, capable unrestricted access to citywide information and videos, of providing real-time images and information from ease of management, and network performance, thousands of locations around Bangkok to BMA district reliability and resilience, and helpes BMA successfully RI¿FHV([FHOOHQWPXOWLFDVWIHDWXUHVVXSSRUWVWUHDPLQJ PDQDJHWKH%DQJNRNWUDQVSRUWDWLRQDQGWUDI¿F of a huge amount of real-time video feeds. management system. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 185 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Workability Increasing cities’ competitive advantage. The quality of a city’s transportation LQIUDVWUXFWXUHLVDPDMRUIDFWRULQEXVLQHVV Empowering and industry investment decisions. Business people with choice and industry often depend on reliable and control: employee travel and/or transport of goods. Transportation networks that offer reliability are sought out. Smart transportation gives people the power to make better Becoming more attractive to talent. transportation decisions. Professionals, like businesses, consider mobility when deciding where to locate. Cities with HI¿FLHQWWUDQVSRUWZLOOVHHWKHLUEXVLQHVVHV thrive, thereby increasing the tax and employment base. Empowering people with choice and even pedestrians. Mobility is paramount control.Smart transportation gives people the for emergency responders, and ICT can power to make better transportation decisions. DVVLVWWKHPE\RSWLPLVLQJWUDI¿FOLJKWVZKHQ In smart cities, multimodal fare cards are used Sustainability necessary and empowering them to see to pay for all forms of city transportation or SRWHQWLDOWUDI¿FSUREOHPVLQUHDOWLPHVRWKH\ parking. And data-gathering instrumentation 5HGXFLQJGHGHQVL¿FDWLRQRIFLWLHVThe FDQVHOHFWWKHPRVWHI¿FLHQWWUDYHOURXWHV*,6 and open data policies empower them with non-integrated growth in transportation has maps can display crash records paired with their own transportation information. People adverse impacts on land-use, leading to spatial analysis of congestion, construction create ridesharing apps to optimally pair sprawling private vehicles-oriented cities. zones and weather; combined with statistical SDVVHQJHUVDQGGULYHUVQHLJKERXUKRRGVSHFL¿F Smart transportation leads to transit-oriented and business intelligence tools, these maps can SDUNLQJDQGWUDI¿FPDSVDSSVWKDWSXEOLVK urban development (walkable, mixed-use) help pinpoint the root causes of accidents and wait times for parking lots and so on. that can reduce per capita use of automobiles determine effective counter-measures for the by 50% and household transport expenditure future. E\(I¿FLHQWFRPSDFWDQGFRVWHIIHFWLYH Improving public safety.Accurate and real- public transportation reduces the need for time information about accident locations With data exchange and real-time information, individualised motorised transport modes and frequently hold the key to improving safety ICT can assist in improving female safety, both prevents urban sprawls. for motorists, freight carriers, railways and in public transport and ride-sharing. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 186 CH 8: TRASPORTATION ĞĐŽŵŝŶŐŵŽƌĞĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞƚŽ ƚĂůĞŶƚ͗ AUTOMATED ACCESS AND PARKING FOR MAGARPATTA ith huge infrastructure developed to cater to the The automated parking management system for needs of a number of IT companies, Cybercity 0DJDUSDWWDSURYLGHGPXOWLSOHLPPHGLDWHEHQH¿WV Becoming more 0DJDUSDWWDLQ3XQHQHHGHGDQHI¿FLHQWSDUNLQJ These were: ID card (RF) based entry to parking lots, attractive to talent: Wmanagement system. Multi-structured and busy display of company allotted available parking space at parking lot operations, with multiple entry and exit entry points based on real time transactions, separate Solutions such as points at both basement and podium level of Cybercity, readers for cars and two-wheelers, and automatic RF-based ID card and SRVHGVLJQL¿FDQWFKDOOHQJHV Boom Barrier movement based on availability and readers and turnstile authentication. With RFID vehicle tracking system entry / exit gates for The parking area needed to be secure with barrier- ZLWKKLJKLGHQWL¿FDWLRQDFFXUDF\&\EHUFLW\LVDEOH employees. While enforced entry and exits. The city wanted to change its WRPDQDJHLWVYHKLFOHVHI¿FLHQWO\ZLWKORZKXPDQ photo ID cards and PC application-based manual processes of colour-coded tokens for parking intervention, and low deployment and operation costs, registration for visitor lot management. Streamlining personal and visitor as well as provide easy access for drivers. management. access control were the other areas the Cybercity was looking to achieve. Access control featured solutions such as RF-based ID card and readers and turnstile entry/exit gates for Working with a leading technology-enabled IT solutions employees, and photo ID cards and PC application- company in India, the Cybercity developed automated based registration for visitor management, automated parking management and personnel access systems. the access control and tracking system. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 187 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Lowering non-renewable resource use: Smart cities aim to reduce the use of fossil- fuel driven mobility and encourage various alternatives such as hybrid or low-emission public transport and electric vehicles, sourced from renewable energy sources, choosing them ZKHQHYHUSRVVLEOHIRUWKHLURZQÀHHWVDQG providing charging stations in public buildings. Improving transportation budgets.Cities spend billions on their public transportation V\VWHPVDQG\HWWKH\DUHRIWHQLQHI¿FLHQW with capacity not in line with demand. Smart WHFKQRORJLHVXQOHDVKWKHVDYLQJVDQGHI¿FLHQF\ potential of transportation investments. For example, information from embedded smart devices can be analysed to determine subway system expansion needs with respect to highest transit priority, future demand needs - Reducing Reducing environmental degradation. and then servicing that demand at the lowest GHGHQVL¿FDWLRQ Transport poses a dilemma in that it cost. of cities: is necessary for economic and social development, yet it has very adverse effects Additionally, analytics can make the most out (I¿FLHQWFRPSDFWDQG on the environment such as air pollution, noiseof expensive transportation assets. Sensors cost-effective public pollution, etc. The environmental effects of and monitors can report on the actual condition transportation reduces fossil-fuels like oil and petroleum products of infrastructure so that operators can make need for individualised are of growing concern owing to increasing motorised transport better decisions, servicing equipment based on modes and prevents consumption levels. Smart technologies actual condition and not on a guess. This kind urban sprawls. DQGSUDFWLFHVFDQVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFH of asset management can squeeze many extra WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ¶VHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFW7UDI¿Fyears of use from an investment, improving PDQDJHPHQWFUHDWHVDPRUHHI¿FLHQWURDG return on investment, and all without network and reduces travel time and reduces compromising equipment or passenger safety. vehicle emissions. And smart public transit is easier and more convenient, attracting more riders and reducing reliance on automobiles. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 188 CH 8: TRASPORTATION /ŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ďƵĚŐĞƚƐ͗ AUCKLAND BOOSTS TRANSPORTATION SERVICES WITH CITIZEN-CENTRIC IT KHDQWLTXDWHGGLVMRLQWHGWUDQVSRUWDWLRQV\VWHPRI By using Microsoft technology, Auckland Transport— 1) one of the world’s most liveable cities, Auckland, FUHDWHGDÀH[LEOHKLJKO\VHFXUH,7IRXQGDWLRQIRUIXWXUH Improving New Zealand, was barely meeting the needs of the citizen services delivery, 2) offered online, personalised transportation current population of 1.4 million citizens and would citizen access to transportation services, such as T budgets: not be able to accommodate an expected doubling of ¿OOLQJEXVFDUGVRQOLQHDQGUHSRUWLQJSRWKROHVIURPD the population by 2040. To accommodate the city’s smartphone, 3) empowered employees with modern, Auckland Transport JURZLQJULGHUVKLSWKHFLW\QHHGHGWRLQFUHDVHHI¿FLHQF\ easy-to-learn tools that improve employee productivity, HVWLPDWHVTXDQWL¿DEOH and capacity, while keeping costs down and maintaining and 4) reduced cost by taking advantage of the existing savings of $3 million in a positive experience for residents. technology and platform. WKH¿UVW\HDUV²DQG it expects the savings to Auckland Transport consolidated and standardised its The cost savings after rolling out Fulcrum have been continue to grow as the solution is rolled out to core data centre infrastructure, using Council member GUDPDWLF$XFNODQG7UDQVSRUWHVWLPDWHVTXDQWL¿DEOH 200+ launched capital Microsoft’s data centre, desktop, and cloud-based VDYLQJVRIPLOOLRQLQWKH¿UVW\HDUV²DQGLW projects. VRIWZDUH7RPDQDJHFRPSOH[FDSLWDOSURMHFWVVXFKDV expects the savings to continue to grow as the solution the NZ$2.4 billion City Rail Link, the agency teamed LVUROOHGRXWWRODXQFKHGFDSLWDOSURMHFWV²VPDOO up with IT service provider LeapThought to implement RUODUJHSURMHFWV7KLVKDVERRVWHGHI¿FLHQF\LQFUHDVHG Fulcrum, an end-to-end Microsoft SharePoint Server– the use of public transportation, and made Auckland a based customisable digital solution. better place to live. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 189 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION To meet urban mobility challenges, cities need to implement one of the following three strategies dependent on their mobility system advancement and spatial development. 1. Optimise the system.For cities that have some well-established transport modes, the aim must be to move towards creating an integrated travel system with entire travel value-chain with last minute connectivity, and improving any problem areas, such as safety and customer ease. 2. Redesign the system.Cities that have high proportion of motorised individual transport need to fundamentally redesign their mobility systems and supporting infrastructure, emphasising on sustainable transport and walkability. Optimise the 3. Formulate a sustainable system. system: Transportation strategies Cities that are starting to build organised transportation systems need to focus on For cities that have Improving modal split from individual mobility- some well-established based system to public mobility-based system establishing a sustainable transportation transport modes, the aim is becoming paramount. Cities that promote core, which can satisfy short-term demand must be to move towards multimodal transport and land use patterns at reasonable cost, without creating an creating an integrated individual motorised system that needs travel system with entire that support the high level of public transport travel value-chain, and use, and walking, cycling, bike and car sharing, redesigning in the future. improving any problem automated single cards, non-fossil fuel based areas, such as safety and vehicles and new concepts of vehicle ownership customer ease. as a part of an integrated mobility vision and strategy do reduce travel time, fatal accidents and environmental impact. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 190 CH 8: TRASPORTATION /ŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ďƵĚŐĞƚƐ͗ HELSINKI BUS FIRM CUTS FUEL USE, OFFERS IMPROVED TRANSPORT QOLNHVRPHRWKHUPDMRUFLWLHV+HOVLQNLKDVD • Overall fuel consumption DFURVVWKHEXVÀHHWLV transportation system that is operated by multiple down by 5%, reducing the city’s carbon footprint Improving vendors rather than a single private company transportation or municipal department. So although Helsingin • Customer satisfaction among HelB riders has U budgets: Bussiliikenne Oy (HelB), a city owned bus company, increased by 7%, based on biannual surveys must compete with privately owned bus operators in conducted by the city a public bidding system to serve the city’s bus routes. Sensor data about fuel consumption and engine $VDUHVXOW+HO%QHHGVWR¿QGZD\VWRORZHUFRVWVDQG • HelB monitors bus driver performance, to temperature helps RSHUDWHPRUHHI¿FLHQWO\WRZLQEXVLQHVV LPSURYHWKHLUGULYLQJHI¿FLHQF\DQGVDIHW\ HelB identify vehicles developing- mechanical HelB worked with Council member Microsoft and • Sensor data about fuel consumption and engine problems to proactively address issues . technology partner CGI to extend its existing data temperature helps HelB identify vehicles developing warehouse system to collect and analyse data mechanical problems to proactively address issues generated by sensors installed on all buses in the HelB ÀHHW7KHVHVHQVRUVJHQHUDWHPRUHWKDQIRXUPLOOLRQ )XUWKHU+HO%EHJDQDSLORWSURMHFWXVLQJ3RZHU0DS lines of data each day, so it was important to have a for Excel to analyse and visualise sensor data in areas highly scalable solution. A careful analysis of the bus where emergency braking is most common. HelB can VHQVRUGDWDKDVEURXJKW+HO%QXPHURXVEHQH¿WV SK\VLFDOO\H[DPLQHDQG¿QGHIIHFWLYHVROXWLRQV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 191 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Inclusivity website — within a few days, the number of online bookings reached almost 30%. It is evident that those cities that actively Formulate citizen reporting framework for and directly engage their residents by outcome thinking. Almost all smart cities systematically addressing challenges deliver have creatively developed proposals with successful outcomes and create more resilient involvement and inspiration from its citizens. solutions for all. Citizen participation helps in creating most needed data for transportation planning and Achieve accessibility optimisation, both route optimisation. Adopting an outward physical and Web accessibility. Transparency thinking approach, easy access to data, status and ease of accessibility is paramount to reports, conscious communication enables achieve smart transportation. For example, more citizen-centric transportation solutions. Formulate citizen citizens of smart cities who had received a reporting framework: clear picture of their repeated carbon footprint For instance, the interim infrastructure reduction have been encouraged to implement development plan for NAINA (the smart city Citizen participation helps more smart solutions, accruing mileage points being developed in Navi Mumbai) included in creating most needed data for transportation WREHUHGHHPHGIRUEHQH¿WVLQFOXGLQJWUDQVSRUW 360 degree of public consultation. It received planning and route vouchers. DURXQGVXJJHVWLRQREMHFWLRQVIURP optimisation. the local residents, which were discussed by Smart mobility is user-friendly both in terms of the committee of national and international infrastructure and web accessibility, allowing H[SHUWVWRIRUPXODWHWKHSURMHFWHGWUDQVSRUW a 5-year-old and an 80-year-old to ride safely infrastructure development plan. and conveniently. Informative and barrier- free environment helps all, senior citizens, families with kids, women, and children, apart Achieve citizen engagement. Cities that Transportation targetsfrom those with disabilities. Low-deck vehicle derive insights from both structured and construction and aligned transit platforms unstructured data that is collected via different We examined various technologies and best not only allow easy street level boarding for channels of engagements develop solutions practices, and along with the universal targets,passengers of all ages and abilities but also that are resilient and provide accessibility to ZHKDYHLGHQWL¿HGIRXUWUDQVSRUWDWLRQVSHFL¿FHDV\HQVXUHRSWLPDOSDVVHQJHUÀRZ7D[LEXV all. Citizen engagement of common citizens JRDOVWKDWDOORZFLWLHVWRDFKLHYHWKHVHEHQH¿WVthe Brussels-based STIB transport service as well as transport planners and urban highlighted earlier. providing on-demand door-to-door service, development experts assists in envisioning now offers online service via a dedicated the smart city mobility vision and helps in co- creating smart cities initiatives. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 192 CH 8: TRASPORTATION ĐŚŝĞǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ ŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ ISTANBUL PEDESTRIANISING STREETS TO IMPROVE PUBLIC MOBILITY he city of Istanbul is not only surrounded by subways, tramways and bus-only lanes, tunnels at water, it is also twice divided by it. Istanbul’s car- bottleneck locations, and by making it easier for people Achieve dominated roads were dangerous for pedestrians to use trains, ferries, buses, and bicycles rather than accessibility and detrimental to the city’s air quality. The cars. T optimisation: centralised location and very narrow streets of the Historic Peninsula made the daily commuters travel The pedestrianised streets led to a strong perception The pedestrianised DFURVVWKHFLW\WKURXJKFRQVWDQWWUDI¿FMDPV²WKH that the initiative increased the accessibility by foot streets led to a strong endless congestion making the city less accessible. to other transport modes, and streets are safer from perception that the WUDI¿FFUDVKHV initiative increased the In 2010, Instanbul’s Faith Municipality embraced accessibility by foot to people-oriented mobility and engaged in a A survey of local students, residents, and business other transport modes, and streets are safer robust public-private partnership to facilitate the owners found that 80% of the local community feels IURPWUDI¿FFUDVKHV µSHGHVWULDQLVDWLRQ¶SURMHFWWRLPSURYHDQGH[SDQG safer and approves of the changes. Residents surveyed mobility options and create a more accessible and noted the changes improved the ease of commuting, sustainable future to the Istanbul’s Historic Peninsula. made neighbourhoods quieter, improved air quality, as well as strengthened the attractiveness of historic Since 2011, Istanbul has pedestrianised 295 streets buildings over 50%. — through numerous infrastructure upgrades such as Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 193 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Collaborativity and collaborating with corporate companies bicycle storage and bicycle-sharing facilities WRIRUPXODWHDVROXWLRQWRUHGXFHWUDI¿F and maximising people’s access to public Collaboration and creativity together help congestion. Successful smart cities analyse transport by promoting the mixed use of land realise the vision of multimodal transportation. such efforts and then collaboratively scale the for both residential and commercial purposes, Smart cities initiate multilateral collaboration successful and viable efforts on the city-level or provides convenience and reduces incentives to among various stakeholders, both in physical even share with the state and nation. travel by private car. as well as in the Web domain, to achieve smart mobility. The city of Graz — ‘Bicycle Capital of Austria’ — boasts many activities in the areas of Create an institutional framework.To Governance mobility management, mobility education achieve integrated transit hubs, smart cities and information. The city signed integrated initiate and incentivise development of Achieve existing infrastructure mobility agreements with investors for safe, inclusive mobility vision and collaboration optimisation.Technologies and innovation SURWHFWHGDQGVXI¿FLHQWELF\FOHSDUNLQJ DPRQJPXOWLSOHDJHQFLHVMXULVGLFWLRQVDQG WRJHWKHUFDQLPSURYHHI¿FLHQF\DQG and attractive thoroughfares. The city also transport systems, such as bus system, resilience of transportation systems, while provided a free Bike Citizen app and carried railways, metro system, etc. Many smart cities minimising the need for physical infrastructure RXWFLW\¿QDQFHGPRELOLW\SURMHFWVDWWKH have great success in developing integrated expansion. The city government of Chennai school and business-levels. With the annual multimodal transit by creating Comprehensive ODXQFKHGWKH&KHQQDL6WUHHW'HVLJQ3URMHFW ’Tour de Graz’, the transportation department Mobility Plans (CMP) and strong institutional in close collaboration with the Institute for RUJDQLVHGWKHµ&LW\5DGH,Q¶¿YHWLPHVD\HDU IUDPHZRUNVVXFKDVD8QL¿HG0HWURSROLWDQ Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), to provide inspiration and create a strong rider Transportation Authority (UMDA), which can to address the safety challenges related to community. plan, coordinate, execute and monitor the transport in the city. The solution rests on implementation of physical connectors, linked one, simple pledge — that at least 60% of Facilitate revenue generation for the city ’feeder’ modes and cross-system information the city’s transport budget to be allocated to using demand-based road users charging. integration. constructing and maintaining infrastructure for Smart cities have systems in place to use non-motorised transit. This includes: expanded dynamic, demand-based pricing as a tool WRLQÀXHQFHFXVWRPHUEHKDYLRXU5RDGXVHU Pursue multilateral collaboration.Smart charges are direct charges levied for the use of cities often witness public and private sectors Instigate ‘soft mobility’.Smart cities roads, including road tolls, distance or time- collaborating together to formulate creative implement focused, creative solutions, and based fees, congestion charges and charges solutions and achieve smarter mobility. annually expand ‘non-vehicular’ infrastructure. designed to discourage use of certain classes of Continuously developing infrastructure such vehicle, fuel sources or more polluting vehicles. For example, car-free Thursday is a successful as footpaths, walkways, well-integrated example of locals groups coming together skybridges, dedicated bicycle lanes, public Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 194 CH 8: TRASPORTATION &ĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƌĞǀĞŶƵĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͗ LONDON SOLVES TRAFFIC PROBLEM WITH CONGESTION PRICING UDI¿FMDPVKDGEHHQDVXEVWDQWLDOSUREOHPIRU These ALPR cameras record all vehicles entering and many years for the central part of London. In exiting the zone using infra-red technology to identify Facilitate revenue )HEUXDU\WRUHGXFHWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQ the license plates. The recorded license plates are then generation: Tand raise revenues to establish public transport checked against a database of those who have already improvements in the city, a new city congestion charge paid or are exempt from the charge. Those vehicles Transport for London scheme was introduced. Under it, all vehicles (with that have entered the Charge Zone but not paid the fee (TfL) reported in 2013 some exemptions) operating within the Congestion DUHLGHQWL¿HGDQG¿QHGZLWKWKHKHOSRIWKH0$/35 that the congestion Charge Zone in central London between 07:00 and camera and the charge database. charging scheme resulted 18:00 during weekdays were made liable to a charge. LQVLJQL¿FDQWUHGXFWLRQ To assist drivers in recognising the congestion charge In 2013, 10 years after its implementation in 2003, it LQWUDI¿FYROXPHVIURP baseline conditions, and zone, relevant signs were set up and congestion remains one of the largest congestion charge zones in an overall reduction in symbols were painted in the charge zones. WKHZRUOGWKDWLVVKRZLQJVLJQL¿FDQWLPSURYHPHQWV vehicle kilometres in Transport for London (TfL) reported in 2013 that the London between 2000 7RHQIRUFHWKHVFKHPHDQXPEHURI¿[HGDQG FRQJHVWLRQFKDUJLQJVFKHPHUHVXOWHGLQVLJQL¿FDQW and 2012 mobile Council member 3M Automatic License Plate UHGXFWLRQLQWUDI¿FYROXPHVIURPEDVHOLQHFRQGLWLRQV , and raised Recognition (ALPR) cameras were installed in the and an overall reduction in vehicle kilometres in London hundreds of millions Congestion Charge Zone. between 2000 and 2012, and raised hundreds of in fees. millions in fees. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 195 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION It can be leveraged in certain busy areas Implement optimal devices and other or selected cities to discourage private instrumentation for all transportation Connectivity transport usage. As cities better understand modes. Deploying the right devices in the right people’s transportation behavior through place — covering all modes of transport — The data collected from a city’s smart instrumentation and analytics, they can provides the data smart cities use to analyse transportation network often impacts more LQÀXHQFHWKDWEHKDYLRUE\FKDQJLQJSULFHV WUDI¿FLQUHDOWLPH,QVRPHFDVHVRSWLPDO WKDQMXVWWUDQVSRUWDWLRQRSHUDWRUV7KH throughout the day to accomplish their instrumentation may mean a smart device for ¿UVWUHVSRQGHUQHHGVWRNQRZDERXWWUDI¿F transportation goals. every vehicle, for instance, and a GPS tracker conditions so that they can take an alternate for every bus. In other cases it may mean a route. For example, a city with crippling morning smart device “every so often.” For example, smog can analyse vehicle use at that time a roadway sensor placed every so often as Likewise, long waits at a city ferry terminal and tailor parking prices for vehicles based QHHGHGWRSURYLGHDSLFWXUHRIWUDI¿FRQFLW\ PD\EHVRPHWKLQJWKHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVRI¿FH on distance traveled. Or a city with high road highways and byways. Gathering and analysing needs to know in real time so they can alert congestion can toll the road with variable data from all modes of transportation within a the traveling public. pricing and/or alter its bus and subway pricing city enables multimodal optimisation. LQWDUJHWHGDUHDVWRUHGXFHWUDI¿F&LWLHVKDYH Connect devices with citywide, multi- different transportation circumstances and service communications.It’s not enough priorities, and different political operating Achieve integrated control system.Various to embed smart devices throughout a environments, so the use of dynamic pricing tooptimal design devices produce essential data transportation network. The data the devices LQÀXHQFHEHKDYLRXULVOLNHO\WRGLIIHUIURPFLW\IRUWUDI¿FSDWWHUQDQDO\VLV+RZHYHUFUHDWLQJ gather needs to be channeled through a to city. This also generates revenue for furthera single, coherent system, with common citywide communications system so that it LPSURYHPHQWSURMHFWV interface among multiple subsystems where the various technologies communicate with can be analysed and acted upon. Geospatial- each other, generates far more effective data HQDEOHGVHUYLFHVSURYLGHSHULRGLFWUDI¿F and optimises performance. IRUHFDVWMRXUQH\SODQQLQJPRELOHDSSOLFDWLRQV based on real-time data, etc. )RULQVWDQFHDQLQWHJUDWHGWUDI¿FFRQWURO Instrumentation and controlsystem achieves optimum signal control based RQWUDI¿FYROXPHDQGRWKHULQIRUPDWLRQIURP 6PDUWGHYLFHVLQFOXGLQJRQVWUHHWWUDI¿F various devices to effectively deal with ever- equipment such as roadway sensors, smart FKDQJLQJWUDI¿FÀRZSDWWHUQVDQGSURYLGHV streetlights and GPS devices help cities UHDOWLPHWUDI¿FLQIRUPDWLRQDQGLPSOHPHQWV PRQLWRUPDQDJHDQGFRQWUROWUDI¿F HDFKVXEV\VWHPRIWUDI¿FPDQDJHPHQW Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 196 CH 8: TRASPORTATION WƵƌƐƵĞŵƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂů ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ͗ FRENCH CITIES CUT DRIVERS’ COSTS BY 90% WITH INTELLIGENT CAR-SHARING yndicat Mixte Auto lib is an electric car-sharing Available around the clock, the solution has reduced program established by the city of Paris and carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5 metric tonnes annually Pursue multilateral VXUURXQGLQJPXQLFLSDOLWLHVWRUHOLHYHWUDI¿F and replaced 25,000 privately owned gas vehicles. collaboration: Scongestion, reduce noise and air pollution, and By using Auto lib, former car owners have cut their SURYLGHSHRSOHZLWKPRUHÀH[LEOHWUDQVLWRSWLRQV transportation costs by approximately 90% annually. Microsoft Windows $XWROLEVXEVFULEHUVDOVRHQMR\DQHQKDQFHGGULYLQJ Embedded provides Implemented by logistics company IER, the intelligent experience with GPS navigation, free parking and connectivity between system based on Council member Microsoft’s Windows personalised settings. the Auto lib in-car Embedded provides connectivity between the in- system, registration and rental kiosks, charging car system, registration and rental kiosks, charging 7KHÀH[LEOHVROXWLRQDOVRVLPSOL¿HVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQDQG stations and a central stations and a central management system. minimises deployment risk, which makes it easier for management system. Auto lib to implement new features and services. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 197 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Enable multi-channel access to an Interoperability integrated transportation account.One systems also use video surveillance for security goal of a smart transportation system is to SXUSRVHV7KRVHDUHMXVWWZRUHDVRQVZK\ Cities can rarely afford an out-with-the-old, in-encourage people to use it — so making it publishing privacy rules will help cities get in with-the-new overhaul of their transportation incredibly convenient will be a big factor. front of a potential consumer backlash. systems, much as they might want to. The A couple of ways smart cities can do that Create a security framework.One of the targets in this section highlight some of the is to enable people to (1) pay for all city realities of life today is that a driver never ways cites can make sure they’re making transportation services with a single account knows who’s hopping on a bus or what’s in decisions today that will bode well into the and (2) enable access to this account through the backpack he’s carrying. And what about future. multiple channels — integrated fare cards, cell the package left behind on a subway seat? A phones, websites, on-vehicle transponders, security framework mitigates risk by taking a Adhere to open standards. Insisting on open etc. A single account covering multiple proactive approach and using ICT technologies standards will increase choice and decrease modes of transportation and offering multiple to identify and address threats before they can costs, as products can be mixed and matched channels of access lowers barriers to mass use. cause damage. from different vendors. Cities may also want ,QFUHDVHGXVDJHERRVWVHI¿FLHQF\DQGUHYHQXH to work with standards organisations to ensure and decreases road congestion. Although it Implement cyber security.Smart their particular needs are addressed. is unlikely a city can integrate all modes of transport at once, it’s a goal worth working transportation systems collect all manner toward. of data that could make them vulnerable Use open integration architectures and to cyber-attacks: from smart card payment loosely coupled interfaces.Cities that adopt information to ridership details. Having strong open integration architectures make it much cyber-security measures in place will help ward easier and simpler to share data between off trouble. applications. Security and privacy Prioritise the use of legacy investments. As you well know, transportation systems can The security and privacy concerns that apply to be a huge investment and most cities can ill- other city infrastructures are equally important afford to scrap equipment that still has lifetime in the realm of public transportation. value. So as cities add intelligence to their transportation network, it makes sense to use Publish privacy rules.As we mentioned in existing equipment and systems whenever the last section, transit authorities are moving possible to avoid unnecessary spending and to single account payment systems, which stranding assets. will generate data that can track where an individual has been and when. Some transit Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 198 CH 8: TRASPORTATION WƵƌƐƵĞƉƌĞĚŝĐƟǀĞĂŶĂůLJƟĐƐ͗ CONNECTED BOULEVARD : THE WORLD’S SMARTEST STREET ouncil member Cisco has teamed with the city (DUO\SURMHFWLRQVIURPSLORWWHVWVRIVPDUWSDUNLQJ of Nice, France, to pilot a next-generation smart services have shown a potential for up to 30% decrease Pursue predictive street they are calling “Connected Boulevard.” LQWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQVLJQL¿FDQWDLUSROOXWLRQUHGXFWLRQV analytics: CBoulevard Victor Hugo, located in the centre of combined with an increase in parking revenues. Nice, is host of the proof-of-concept zone and almost Boulevard Victor Hugo 200 different sensors and detecting devices. In addition )XUWKHUEHQH¿WVDUHDOVREHLQJUHDOLVHGIURPHVWLPDWHV in Nice, France is host to to these, it also plays host to “guest” devices such as in synchronising street lighting on a need-basis. a Connected Boulevard mobile phones and tablets used in the streets that get For example, by calibrating street light intensity proof-of-concept zone that includes almost 200 connected onto its wireless mesh network. ZLWKSHGHVWULDQDQGWUDI¿FSHDNVDQGUHDOWLPH different sensors and environmental conditions such as fog and rain, the detecting devices. Data captured through these “things” is being city could potentially save 20 to 80% in electricity processed and analysed to offer the city and its bills. On the environmental aspect, more accurate residents invaluable context-aware information on data of humidity and temperature levels, in addition SDUNLQJWUDI¿FVWUHHWOLJKWLQJZDVWHGLVSRVDODVZHOO to air particles are being processed for understanding as environmental quality as experienced in real time. context-critical patterns. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 199 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION This is possible because Connected Boulevard is made up of more Layer 3: Central data collection, including computing, storage and WKDQMXVWVHQVRUVDQGGHYLFHV&RQQHFWHG%RXOHYDUGHTXLSVWKHFLW\ analytics, combined with integrated and open standard application with the capacity to capture data from daily life through the hybrid programming interfaces network infrastructure of the city that includes the Cisco Wi-Fi network. The data is processed into real-time information and converted into Layer 4: New and innovative applications and services Intelligence with the help of context-aware location analytics, before being disseminated to serve multiple services in city operations and for As Nice Mayor Christian Estrosi said, “For Nice to continue welcoming city dwellers. It is an Internet-centric “always-on” platform designed millions more visitors and companies while ensuring a high quality to be resilient, extensible, highly secure and agile, through four of life, using Internet intelligence is key. Many more things are interoperable layers: JRLQJWRJHWFRQQHFWHGEHWZHHQSHRSOHZLWKDQGEHWZHHQREMHFWV creating valuable interactions and processes including that of public Layer 1: Sensors and networked devices with mesh technologies administration. Our ability as a city to harness this data is crucial to understanding what’s going on in real time and to enhance a multitude Layer 2: Data capture, processing, storage and analytics at distributed of services for city-dwellers.” points across the city Data management Computing resources . With smart sensors, smart payments, GPS and Transportation systems involve a lot of data, innovation platforms that empower developers other intelligent devices that are gathering a lot of logistics, and a lot of details coming to create apps that city residents can use. data as part of a smart transportation system, from various sources that ICT can help cities Smart parking apps, for instance, are very the city and its residents are all better off when get under control. The targets below illustrate popular. Apps that people can use to synch up there’s a plan for managing it. some of the ways they can do that. with bus and train schedules are too. Create and adhere to a citywide data Consider a cloud computing framework. Have access to a central GIS.City decision- management, transparency and sharing A cloud computing framework enables making capabilities are greatly improved with a policy. Citywide data management plans make scalabilityreduces costs and improves central GIS. A transit system, for instance, can it easier to enforce privacy and security best reliability. VHHHI¿FLHQF\JDLQVWKURXJKPRUHLQWHOOLJHQW practices discussed in the last section. But they scheduling and routing. also can help improve data accuracy and lower Use an open innovation platform. A lot of costs by eliminating unnecessary duplication. cities are seeing amazing results with open Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 200 CH 8: TRASPORTATION Have access to comprehensive network andAchieve multi-modal operational device management.To manage the large, optimisation for transportation.When it scattered deployments of smart devices across comes to optimising transportation operations, the transportation infrastructure, smart cities the goal is to make sure the optimisation rely on comprehensive device management takes place across all modes, in or near real programs that improve security and resiliency, time depending on circumstances. Cities that deliver cost savings and enforce compliance optimise transport modes individually limit the with city data management, security and returns on their technology investments, since privacy policies. a change or incident impacts one another. For example, shutting down a railway line FDQFUHDWHDELJLQÀX[RIULGHUVWRWKHFORVHVW bus.Many ways that multimodal optimisation improves transit operations, including: Analytics • Improved mobility.Travel is as fast, It’s no surprise that analytics can have a HI¿FLHQWDQGVDIHDVSRVVLEOH7UDI¿FOLJKWV PDMRULPSDFWLQDWUDQVSRUWDWLRQQHWZRUN7KLV DUHRSWLPLVHGWRHOLPLQDWHVWUXFWXUDOWUDI¿F Use open section includes some new targets that reveal SUREOHPVRUWR¿QGWKHEHVWFRPSURPLVH innovation how. to allow streetcars to pass with minimum platform: GHOD\VIRUDXWRPRELOHWUDI¿F'DWDDQDO\VLV Achieve full situational awareness.Using might suggest a new bus route along a Many cities are having the smart devices deployed across various particularly crowded transit corridor. Or great success with open transportation modes, smart cities use a smartphone app could alert drivers innovation platforms analytics to provide their transportation to the best route, sending them around that encourage developers to create managers with a complete operating picture. congestion and accidents. Improved apps. Parking apps like ,QFLGHQWGHWHFWLRQDQGQRWL¿FDWLRQV\VWHPVFDQ mobility is important to residents, of SFpark pictured here are analyse information from cameras and vehicles course, but is also critical for businesses very popular. WRGHWHFWWUDI¿FSUREOHPVDOHUWGULYHUVDQG that move people or goods around a city. suggest alternative routes. This increases the reliability and resiliency of the infrastructure, and allows for the quickest possible incident response time. Full situational awareness also enables dynamic, multi-modal disaster and recovery plans. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 201 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION Flexibility. Achieve asset optimisation.The goal is to ensure a city can extract maximum value from If pollution is a major its transport infrastructure and instrumentation problem, then a investments. This includes calculating precisely city can effectively which transportation assets should be replaced optimise its transport or repaired and when, to achieve maximum system to promote bus use over private car return on investment. use, and metro use over bus use. Pursue predictive analytics.The importance of using analytics to predict when elements of a transportation infrastructure are close to failure can’t be overstated. Consider the value of predictive maintenance, for example, in relation to the critical infrastructure like bridges and highways. Not only can predictive analysis save money, it can also save lives. • Cost savings.In addition to the cost • Flexibility.Multimodal transport EHQH¿WVRIUHGXFHGFRQJHVWLRQPXOWLPRGDO optimisation can be a tool that smart cities transport optimisation brings cost XVHWRDFFRPSOLVKVSHFL¿FWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ EHQH¿WVWRFLWLHVWKURXJKPRUHHI¿FLHQW JRDOV,ISROOXWLRQLVDPDMRUSUREOHPWKHQ energy usage and improved customer a city can effectively optimise its transport experience. (As noted earlier, the better system to promote bus use over private the experience, the more willing people cars, and metro use over bus use. Or if a are to use public transportation). In city suffers from rush-hour bus congestion, some scenarios system optimisation can it can optimise its transport system to reducecosts through shared infrastructure increase subway use during that time. — especially ICT resources — and by getting more out of existing infrastructure. It can also defer or delay the need for new roadways or buses by optimising the use of what the city has in place already. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 202 CH 8: TRASPORTATION ĐŚŝĞǀĞĂƐƐĞƚŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ KOBE RAILWAY MAKES IT SAFE AND RELIABLE FOR RIDERS ith the new company vision aiming to enhance • Uninterrupted network service 24 hours a day, 365 safety and functionality, Kobe Electric Railway, days a year provided the must-needed reliability. serving 46 stations in and around Kobe, Japan, Achieve asset Wneeded a highly available network that provided • High capacity network with Quality of Service and optimisation: uninterrupted service, yet simple to use and maintain. non-blocking architecture allowed ISRS to connect all Inter-Station Remote System was facing problems due stations in a high-speed, large-capacity network and Future-proof to increasing demand for high-speed network and need instantly complete data transmission. infrastructure with ample planned for a stringent stations surveillance systems. bandwidth for • Easy to use, simple and robust network structure projected image and $PRQJRWKHULVVXHVWKHORQJIDLOXUHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQWLPH facilitated easy maintenance procedures. sound applications and temporary power turned off almost every night for and provision of easy maintenance, without affecting other stations, made it • Future-proof infrastructure with sample planned EDQGZLGWKDPSOL¿FDWLRQ more complex to create uninterrupted operations round EDQGZLGWKIRUSURMHFWHGLPDJHDQGVRXQGDSSOLFDWLRQV the clock. DQGSURYLVLRQRIHDV\EDQGZLGWKDPSOL¿FDWLRQ Smart cities Council India member Allied Telesis • Cost-effective solution reduced overall cost provided new ‘mission-critical’ inter-station remote with reuse of some existing infrastructure and easy system achieved by EPSR and VCStack and x900 Series operations reducing IT support and associated costs. Advanced Gigabit Switches. This high-speed next- JHQHUDWLRQQHWZRUNEURXJKWQXPHURXVEHQH¿WVKHOSLQJ • Advanced security features of Allied Telesis .REH(OHFWULF5DLOZD\PHHWWKHLUREMHFWLYHVZKLFKZHUH switches gave unprecedented control over the network. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 203 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION ͕͖͔͗͛ǣ In 2014, the International Organisation for Standards announced an ISO standard that applies strictly to city performance. The document -- known as ISO 37120:2014 -- establishes a set of open data indicators to measure the delivery of city services DQGTXDOLW\RIOLIH,WGH¿QHVFRPPRQ methodologies that cities can use to measure Trasportation Indicators their performance in areas such as energy, Implement optimal instrumentation for all modes Citywide, multi-service communications accounts Multi-channel access to integrated modes for optimisation all transport Integrate Enable dynamic, demand-based pricing full situational analysis Achieve optimisation operational Achieve analysis Pursue predictive HQYLURQPHQW¿QDQFHHPHUJHQF\UHVSRQVH governance, health, recreation, safety, solid 18.1 Kilometers of high capacity public transport system per•• 100,000 •• waste, telecom- munications, transportation, Kilometers of light passenger public transport system per 100,000 18.2 urban planning, wastewater, water, sanitation population •• •• and more. Core 18.3 Annual number of public transport trips per capita ••••• In the table at right we have indicated how the 18.4 Number of personal automobiles per capita standard related to Transportion correspond •••••••• to the Council’s Transportation targets Percentage of commuters using a travel mode to work other than a 18.5 LGHQWL¿HGRQWKHQH[WSDJH7KH,62 personal vehicle ••••• transportation indicator has cities reporting on 18.6 Number of two-wheel motorised vehicles per capita • the extent of their mass transit and non-car infrastructure, overall transportation safety and 18.7 Kilometers of bicycle paths and lanes per 100,000 population • GLUHFWÀLJKWLQWHUFRQQHFWHGQHVV 18.8 Transportation fatalities per 100,000 population •••••• Supporting Commercial air connectivity (number of non-stop commercial air 18.9 destinations) • Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 204 CH 8: TRASPORTATION TRANSPORTATION TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHWUDQVSRUWDWLRQUHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQbold, universal targets are not Enabler Transportation Targets Implementation Progress N How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their transportation networksNone Partial Over 50%Complete Achieve accessibility optimisation (Supplement: including physical and web accessibility) Inclusivity Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking Achieve citizen engagement Create institutional framework Collaborativity (Supplement: across multiple transit systems) Pursue multilateral collaboration Human Human Achieve existing infrastructure optimisation Instigate ‘soft mobility’ Governance Institutional Facilitate revenue generation for the city (Supplement: using demand-based road user charging) Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 205 CH 8: TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHWUDQVSRUWDWLRQUHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQbold, universal targets are not Enabler Transportation Targets Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their transportation networksNone Partial Over 50%Complete Instrumentation and Implement optimal instrumentation Control Supplement: for all transportation modes Connectivity Connect devices with citywide, multi-service communications Adhere to open standards Use open integration architectures and loosely coupled interfaces Interoperability Prioritise use of legacy investments Enable multi-channel access to an integrated transportation Publish privacy rules Security and Privacy Create a security framework Implement cyber security Technology Data Management Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy Consider a cloud computing framework Use an open innovation platform Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management Achieve full situational awareness Achieve operational optimisation Pursue predictive analytics Analytics Supplement: integrate all transport modes for multi-modal transportation optimisation Achieve asset optimisation Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 206 CH 8: TRASPORTATION 9 Water And Wastewater Few people need to be reminded of water’s importance. Along with energy, it is essential for everyday life. Water provides sustenance, VXSSRUWVLQGXVWU\DQGLUULJDWHV¿HOGV%XW city administrations are struggling to meet rising demand from growing populations while contend- ing with issues such as water quality, ÀRRGLQJGURXJKWDQGDJLQJLQIUDVWUXFWXUH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 207 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER According to the United Nations, about two- thirds of the world’s population — 4.6 billion people — will face water-stressed conditions in the next decade. In India, an agro-driven nation with a population over 1.2 billion, water scarcity has begun early, and uncertainty over the availability of and access to water may be soon reaching crisis levels. We need water for human consumption and to produce food and other consumer products. Escalating growth in population, dramatic shifts in industrial production and growing agriculture needs are putting tremendous strain on this limited resource. Also, being the second largest grain producer DQGH[SRUWHUVLJQL¿FDQWDPRXQWRIZDWHU supply is consumed for food production. he ability to deliver adequate Complex issues Water supply is expected to fall 50% below clean, potable water and effective leading to water demand by 2030. scarcity: sanitation disposal are two important responsibilities of cities today. However, T Another major concern for an agro-driven most countries around the world are already In India, an agro-driven economy is lack of long-term availability of facing the issue of water scarcity, and the nation with a population replenishable water supply. Lacking innovative over 1.2 billion, water situation is only going to get worse. According water storage and reuse methods, India scarcity has begun early, to the United Nations, about two-thirds of the DOUHDG\LVFRQVXPLQJVLJQL¿FDQWDPRXQW and uncertainty over the world’s population — 4.6 billion people — will availability of and access of surface water — on an average 40% of face water-stressed conditions in the next to water may be soon available surface water, while extremely reaching crisis levels. decade. high-stressed northwestern regions — India’s agricultural hub — are using as much as 80%. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 208 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Regardless of improvements to drinking water, many other water sources are contaminated with sewage and agricultural runoff — both bio and chemical pollutants. As a result, about 21% of communicable diseases in India are water-borne, related to unsafe water, according to a recent World Bank report. Sanitation disposal is a huge issue in India. More than 38 billion litres of sewage is generated in urban India annually. Most of the untreated sewage is discharged into rivers, ponds or lakes, which is the main source of municipal water. municipal water. Open defecation is huge problem, and now the government is taking great measures to address this issue. But not everyone realises that we need This chapter will give cities tools to apply The energy-water large volumes of water to produce energy. smart technology for an economical and nexus: The so-called “energy-water nexus” works sustainable water supply. It begins by in both directions. It takes a lot of water to outlining urban water realities. Next it In the U.S. in 2005, generate electricity. It takes a lot of electricity demonstrates key frameworks and tools power plants withdrew deployed by smart cities, and further explains four times as much to pump and treat water. Worldwide, we use water as all U.S. an average of 7% of total electricity to pump WKHEHQH¿WVFLWLHVFDQDFKLHYHE\LQFUHDVLQJ residences, accounting and treat water and wastewater, but the the intelligence of their water systems. for 41% of total water percentage can be much higher. Finally, it talks about the technology targets use. FLWLHVVKRXOGDLPIRUWRJDLQWKRVHEHQH¿WV 7KRXJK,QGLDKDVWDNHQVLJQL¿FDQWHIIRUWVWR %XW¿UVWZHQHHGWRORRNDWWKHJOREDOZDWHU improve availability and quality of municipal scenario to understand the full extent of drinking water, there is still a gross disparity the water crisis, as global water scarcity in coverage. It’s estimated that over 97 is expected to become a leading cause of million Indians lack access to safe water, QDWLRQDOSROLWLFDOFRQÀLFW according to the World Health Organization. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 209 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Risks to urban water supplies VWRUHGLQPRXQWDLQVQRZ¿HOGV7KH\DOVR dry out the soil, which then soaks up more water, reducing the recharge of underground Think you don’t really need to worry about aquifers. The result could be reductions in water in your area? Think again. Here is a available water for drinking, household use partial list of the issues confronting urban and industry. water supplies. Water quality on the decline.Water quality will become a concern for some cities. Changes in rainfall patterns may change the Sea levels on the rise. For coastal cities, watershed, affecting quality. Contamination of water quality will be further eroded by water wells due to industrial and agricultural rising sea levels, which can increase salt pollutants will also have an adverse effect. concentrations in groundwater and estuarine rivers. Aging infrastructure.Water and wastewater infrastructure in cities around the world is Flooding on the rise.,QFUHDVHGÀRRGLQJ aging and must be replaced to protect its will affect hundreds of millions of people HI¿FLHQF\DQGWKHTXDOLW\RILWVSURGXFW ZKROLYHFORVHWRFRDVWOLQHVÀRRGSODLQVDQG deltas. Even inland cities face the problem of ÀRRGLQJDVDUHVXOWRIPRUHLQWHQVHUDLQIDOORU Competition from agriculture.According to snowmelt. the World Economic Forum, to meet demand from growing populations, we will need to grow and process 70% more food by 2050. Storms on the rise. Hurricanes, tornadoes Yet as early as 2030, we will be confronting and other extreme weather events will a water shortage of approximately 40% due become more frequent and rainfall more to a toxic combination of rising demand and intense in many areas. climate change-driven shifts. Droughts on the rise. Some regions will Competition from recreation.In some parts receive less rainfall than usual, leading to RIWKHZRUOGERDWHUVVNLHUV¿VKHUPHQ droughts more severe than in the past. campers and other outdoor enthusiasts have mounted strong protests when cities attempt Fresh water on the decline. Higher to get more water from popular lakes and temperatures reduce the amount of water rivers. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 210 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Water is becoming inaccessible. Why make water systemsSustainable water supply is going to be a 4. smart? critical problem in the future due to lack of long-term availability of replenishable water supply. Surface water exhaustion Smart cities use information and is leading to groundwater extraction. communications technology (ICT) to achieve Recorded falling groundwater levels DVXVWDLQDEOHHI¿FLHQWDQGFOHDQZDWHU indicate that water is going to be more supply. Most people refer to an ICT-enabled and more inaccessible in the future. water system as a “smart water system” or a “smart water network.” Smart water is driven 5. by four urgent realities: Water extraction is energy-intensive. Indian agriculture industry heavily 1. depends on groundwater and rains. About :DWHULVLQVXI¿FLHQWCurrently, per 65% of cultivable land in the country person usable water available in India is doesn’t have irrigation facilities. To make about 1,000 cubic meters, much below matters worse, the government subsidises the universal water-stressed level of electrical pumps for farmers which they 1,700. In addition, population growth and use to pump water, putting a lot of strain extreme weather patterns that create on the electrical grids in India, a power- GURXJKWVDQGÀRRGVDUHH[SHFWHGWR starved country. Water is illegally obtained. The illegal increase in the coming decades, making 8. connections sprung over time not only water an even more precious resource. 6. reduce revenues of the city, but also are Water is underpriced.Water today is the major cause of contaminations with 2. often priced far below the level that Water quality is poor.Water is most of sewage and water lost due to leakage. ZRXOGDFFXUDWHO\UHÀHFWLWVVFDUFLW\7KLV WKHULYHUVLVXQ¿WIRUKXPDQFRQVXPSWLRQ price/value imbalance will rectify as More than 100 million people in India Already we see regions where water water scarcity becomes more apparent. do not have access to safe, unpolluted periodically becomes scarce, where water is As a result, the price of water will rise water, which results in severe health and prohibitively expensive, and where water is VLJQL¿FDQWO\LQWKHIXWXUH socioeconomic problems. of extremely poor quality. For these reasons and many others, every city must use smart 7. 3. Water infrastructure is expensive.Lack technology to preserve and enhance its water Water is at risk.'URXJKWÀRRGLQJDQG of real-time information about the water supply while keeping the cost of water as low other factors can wreak havoc on water network status will lead to costly system as possible. ICT can contribute in at least supply. (See list on previous page.) break-ups and sub-optimal maintenance. seven ways: Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 211 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER 1. Map and monitor the physical 3. Monitor drinking water quality.A smart infrastructure.Most water utilities do water system can have sensors placed — on rooftops, soil, gardens, roads. not know with great precision where their strategically throughout the network to This run-off water can all be captured pipes and valves are located. In particular, detect contaminants. Those sensors can and put to use with the help of ICT. they don’t know the actual condition of monitor the acidity and alkalinity, watch Instrumentation diffused into these that infrastructure. ICT gives a highly for biological indicators, measure chlorine “green water systems” can store water, accurate picture of location and “health.” and other chemicals and watch for heavy while advanced analytics are critical to metals, then alert human operators when managing this distributed resource. You “Possessing a clear and comprehensive problems arise so they can intervene can have the insight to understand where picture of the entire infrastructure can quickly to mitigate threats. your green water systems are, how they save a water company tens or hundreds are performing and how the water they of thousands in repairs each year,” 4. Present, perfect and predict conditions. capture can be best deployed. explains the Smart Water Network Forum, 8VLQJGDWDIURPWKH¿UVWWZRH[DPSOHV %HWWHUSUHSDUHIRUVWRUPV Some parts an industry forum that acts as an advisor above, a smart water system can present of the world — North America for instance to the smart cities Council. “Survey- current conditions to give operators full — must confront challenging water quality quality GPS, sometimes combined with situational awareness, perfect the system and storm water regulations. And many electromagnetic or ground-penetrating E\RSWLPLVLQJLWDQGSUHGLFWOHDNVÀRRGV SDUWVRIWKHZRUOGDUHIDFHGZLWKÀRRGLQJ radar, can map pipe infrastructure, and equipment failures. “Utilities can that is reaching new extremes. Smart creating three-dimensional maps that achieve better operations through better ZDWHUV\VWHPVQRWRQO\PRQLWRUÀRRGLQJ show exactly where the pipe is, correcting knowledge and tighter control of the they can predict events in time to prepare the widespread errors in existing maps, network’s extensive and complex assets,” IRUÀRRGFRQWURODQGPDQDJHPHQW and ensuring that repair crews will explains the Smart Water Network Forum. ¿QGWKHSLSHZKHQWKH\GLJ´$FRXVWLF Modern dashboards and tools can improve technology can continuously monitor pipe 7. Harness the energy and nutrient WKHHI¿FLHQF\ORQJHYLW\DQGUHOLDELOLW\RI conditions and pinpoint leak locations. resources in water and wastewater. the underlying physical water network by ICT helps us capture the full potential of better measuring, collecting, analysing water. Beyond its own value as a scare and acting upon a wide range of events. 2. Accurately measure what is consumed. resource, water systems house nutrients Smart water meters can give customers and even energy. Technology enables us highly accurate records of their 5. Make better use of diffuse and to reduce and recapture excess kinetic consumption while also helping utilities distributed non-traditional water energy in water supply piping, utilising spot “non-revenue water” (NRW) that is resources. through recapture, recycling it to power sensors, recover energy and being lost to defective equipment, leaks and reuse and through better planning. nutrients in wastewater, and avoid the and theft. Water is so much broader than pipes and damaging dumping of nutrients into treatment plants. Rain falls everywhere carefully balanced ecosystems. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 212 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Map and monitor the physical infrastructure: WATERMIND MANAGES COMPLEX WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM he massive population growth of one of the Council member Itron introduced WaterMind Analyzer top three fastest growing cities in the world, as a solution to all of BWSSB’s water loss challenges, Map and monitor Bengaluru, from 5.4 million in 2000 to 10 million and helped improve service to customers. Under the the physical and counting today, has put tremendous strain UFW contract, over 135,000 Itron meters were installed T infrastructure: on the city’s water distribution systems. Bangalore to replace the existing domestic meters by L&T and Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB), the only Suez, where Itron installed over 200 WaterMind devices Earlier, around 45% water supplier of the city had to ensure equitable water and L&T is installing 124 WaterMind devices. of the water supplied VXSSO\DQGDVROXWLRQIRUWKHFLW\¶VVLJQL¿FDQWZDWHUORVV by the BWSSB used mainly due to physical and unauthorised connections. Earlier, around 45% of the water supplied by the to go unaccounted. The utility was billing water usage of 15,500 when BWSSB used to go unaccounted. Implementing this Implementing this actual usage was 28,900 ML/Day, led to annual loss of solution helped minimise this water loss by detecting solution helped minimise this water loss by more than $8 million. ODUJHFKDQJHVLQZDWHUÀRZWKURXJKUHDOWLPH detecting large changes monitoring. Now, BWSSB is able to monitor faulty LQZDWHUÀRZWKURXJK Though BWSSB replaced old pipelines, installed PHWHUVHI¿FLHQWO\5HYHQXHORVVLVUHGXFHGDQG%:66% real-time monitoring. QHZEXONÀRZPHWHUVDQGGRPHVWLFZDWHUPHWHUVWR plans to install WaterMind in many more locations reduce non-revenue water loss, it was still faced with across Bengaluru. challenges like identifying water meter tampering and distributing water as per the needs of consumers. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 213 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER )RUH[DPSOHZKHQZDWHURI¿FLDOVVHHVSLNHVRURWKHUDQ\FKDQJHV Instead of manual sampling methods, KWA can measure water turbidity, LQXVDJHWKHV\VWHPDOHUWVWKHHQJLQHHUVVRWKDWLWPD\EHUHFWL¿HG salinity, conductivity, pH, and chlorine levels in real time using installed immediately. Smart sensors working in conjunction with the IBM sensors. Using the IBM Intelligent Water Software, workers can instantly Intelligent Operations Water software enable workers to receive alerts YLVXDOLVHRSHUDWLRQVDQGUHFHLYHDOHUWVDQGQRWL¿FDWLRQVZKHQUHDGLQJV through their mobile or smart devices so they can respond in near real stray from norms or when analysis indicates that water quality has time. As a result, KWA is able to respond immediately to irregularities changed. in water supply and react to repairs that are needed in a much shorter timeframe. Water realities %HIRUHZHORRNDWVSHFL¿FWDUJHWVIRUZDWHU ICT helps cities close the loop by responsibility, let’s quickly consider four maximising the potential of non- realities that affect when, where and how a traditional sources. The idea is to city should approach the transformation of its supplement traditional water sources such water system. as reservoirs and aquifers by capturing storm water runoff, gray water and purple 1. Smart cities “close the loop” around water and by tapping natural systems local watersheds.A watershed is the land like wetlands, rivers and lakes. ICT can area that drains into a particular river, oversee and optimise the capture of water lake or ocean. “Closing the loop” refers to from these sources. Closed-loop systems reducing (or even ending) the import of also use different grades of water for Smart cities “close the loop” water from other watersheds while taking different needs. around local watersheds: full advantage of the water available within the loop. Giving preference to “Closing the loop”means giving preference locally available water allows a city to be to water from the local watershed, which PRUHFRQ¿GHQWLQWKHVXVWDLQDELOLW\RILWV DOORZVDFLW\WREHPRUHFRQ¿GHQWLQWKH sustainability of its water program. water program. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 214 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER ĞƩĞƌƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĨŽƌƐƚŽƌŵƐŽĨ ƌƵŶŽī͕ƐƚŽƌŵ͕ĂŶĚŇŽŽĚ͗ THE NETHERLANDS TAKING BETTER CARE OF FLOOD WATER he Netherlands is working with Council member quality monitors, levee sensors, radar data, model ,%0WRWUDQVIRUPÀRRGFRQWURODQGWKHHQWLUH'XWFK predictions as well as current and historic maintenance water system. The need is high. Of the total Dutch data from sluices, pumping stations, locks and dams. %HWWHUSUHSDUH TSRSXODWLRQOLYHLQÀRRGSURQHDUHDV0RUH The initiative will provide water experts with a real-time for storms runoff, than 4,000 square miles (26% of the country) is below intelligent dashboard. That dashboard will combine, VWRUPDQGÀRRG sea level. process, and visualise data from multiple organisations’ data that today is kept in separate silos. This Dutch storm surge 7KH¿QDQFLDOVWDNHVDUHKLJKDVZHOO7KHRQJRLQJ barrier is just one piece of Holland’s vast FRVWWRPDQDJHZDWHULQFOXGLQJDQWLFLSDWLQJÀRRGLQJ The new management system will address concerns ÀRRGFRQWUROV\VWHP droughts and low water levels is up to €7 billion each ranging from the quality of drinking water, to the The country is working year and expected to increase to €1-2 billion by 2020. increasing frequency and impact of extreme weather- with Council member The project with IBM is expected to reduce costs by up UHODWHGHYHQWVWRWKHULVNRIÀRRGVDQGGURXJKWV%\ IBM to use ICT to to 15%. modelling weather events, the Netherlands will be able WUDQVIRUPÀRRGFRQWURO management. to determine the best course of action. The Rijkswaterstaat (the Dutch Ministry for Water), WKHORFDO:DWHU$XWKRULW\'HOÀDQG'HOWDUHV6FLHQFH 'LJLWDO'HOWDLVDFORXGEDVHGV\VWHP³$VÀRRGLQJLV Institute and the University of Delft are working an increasing problem in many regions of the world, with IBM on the “Digital Delta” program. They will we hope that the Digital Delta project can serve as investigate how to integrate and analyse water a replicable solution for better water management data from a wide range of data sources, including anywhere in the world,” said Jan HendrikDronkers, precipitation measurements, water level and water director general of the Dutch water ministry. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 215 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER 2. Smart water requires collaboration. banks. Utilities in those regions have the Perhaps more than any other city Rather, it should mandate the results it chance to leapfrog the developed world responsibility. Water is a regional issue. wants, and then work with advisors and by jumping straight to a state-of-the-art The water source that city residents use suppliers to determine the best way to smart water system. to quench their thirst may be the same achieve that result. that a factory uses for its operations or a 4. Smart water may need creative farmer to water his crops 100 miles away. ¿QDQFLQJDQGVWDI¿QJMany city budgets Water is tied into vast watersheds that are under great pressure. Even if a city link many population centres. Because can make a strong business case for rapid Interconnectedness of that, a smart water vision requires a payback, it may not have the funds to assessment collaborative approach between cities ¿QDQFHWKHSURMHFW)RUWXQDWHO\VHYHUDO and a lengthy list of stakeholders. The alternative mechanisms have arisen to Water and wastewater infrastructure list includes other cities in the watershed, lighten that load. For instance, some improvements are related with multiple regional or national government entities suppliers will sell software-as-a-service services, and can’t be planned without that may have regulatory authority, (SaaS) on a monthly fee basis. This understanding of the interdependencies with utilities, the private sector, agricultural eliminates the need for the city to make a other city systems and services. Looking organizations, citizen and community big capital purchase and install, maintain at just a few of these dependencies, it is groups, etc. In some cases, international and update all the hardware and software easy to see how smart water services are collaboration may be necessary. on its own. Instead, the supplier handles KHDYLO\LQÀXHQFHGE\ORFDOJRYHUQPHQW all that in the cloud and the city simply policies and how closely they are aligned with pays a monthly charge. In many ways, communications and energy systems in a 3. Smart water requires smart policy. this is similar to leasing a car instead of smart city context. There are many ways that local, regional buying it. and national governments can enhance Contaminant warning systems rely on the prospects for smart water. One Another option is a risk-sharing contract. communications and energy systems. And instance: policy improvements that clear The city pays a reduced fee to the pumps that move water throughout a city the way for public-private partnerships supplier, and then shares a portion of the infrastructure require power. Flood control WRKHOSZLWKWKH¿QDQFLQJ$QRWKHULV saved costs or additional revenue back to systems (e.g., pumps or gates) require PDQGDWHVIRUHI¿FLHQF\FRQVHUYDWLRQ the supplier. leak reduction or water quality. Yet resilient energy systems to operate. another is working with suppliers to craft It is worth noting that some developing a careful business case that demonstrates countries have funding available for the return on investment. Whatever steps infrastructure projects, often thanks to a city takes; it should NOT mandate a grants and programs from development VSHFL¿FWHFKQRORJ\ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 216 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER >ŽǁĞƌŝŶŐŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůĐŽƐƚƐ͗ BREDA OPTIMIZES WATER - ENERGY NEXUS ecause the city of Breda in the Netherlands Microsoft Analytics Server now analyses and visualises is located at the junction of two rivers and massive data collected by sensors and pumps around Lowering experiences lot of heavy rainfall, the city needed the city. Working with iReckon, the city of Breda is operational costs: BWR¿QGDZD\WRXVHDQGPRQLWRUZDWHUHI¿FLHQWO\ DEOHWRDGMXVWSXPSLQJOHYHOVPRUHHI¿FLHQWO\DQG which would also help future generations and help FDQHYHQSUHGLFWSXPSPDLQWHQDQFHDQGIDLOXUHWR¿[ A scalable platform offers SUHYHQWÀRRGLQJ%UHGDQHHGHGWRRSWLPLVHWKHZDWHU them in a timely manner — to decrease wasted power the city the ability to energy nexus by developing an IoT solution that FRQVXPSWLRQDVZHOODVWRKHOSSUHYHQWÀRRGLQJ continue adding sensors provides a comprehensive water management system. as needed while still The Waterakkers project provides transparent data that keeping the maintenance Breda analysed Waterakkers — a large reservoir lets citizens stay updated on the water levels, allowing costs low for the city. The solution has enabled the surrounded by housing development and undertook the them to make conscious decisions on water use in the city of Breda to optimize ‘Smart Data Management’ Waterakkers project running city. Citizens participate by sending water observations its asset management, on Council member Microsoft Azure. Microsoft partner through social media. A scalable platform offers the city reduce energy and iReckon developed a software solution on Microsoft the ability to continue adding sensors as needed while maintenance costs, and SUHYHQWÀRRGLQJ Azure — a data cloud environment that connects and still keeping the maintenance costs low for the city. The captures all the data from physical sensors in water and solution has enabled the city of Breda to optimize its sewage plants to provide real-time data about water asset management, reduce energy and maintenance ÀRZOHYHOV FRVWVDQGSUHYHQWÀRRGLQJ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 217 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Workability Ƥwhat equipment needs replacing, and can system prioritise tasks for maintenance crews so Increasing economic development. that water delivery is restored as quickly as Smart water can differentiate a city in the ,QWKLVVHFWLRQZHKLJKOLJKWEHQH¿WVWKDW possible. competition for business and investment. Increasing customer choice and control. smart water systems can deliver and 6PDUWZDWHULV¿QDQFLDOO\DWWUDFWLYHWR their impact on livability, workability and ICT can empower customers with information industrial consumers in particular, since they sustainability. about when and where they are using water, are often the largest users of a city water plus tools to help them control that use. This supply. Water-intensive businesses often allows them to change behaviour and make decide whether to expand and where to trade-offs to lower their bills. UHORFDWHE\ORRNLQJ¿UVWDWDUHJLRQ¶VZDWHU availability. Livability 5HGXFLQJGDPDJLQJÀRRGVDQGRYHUÀRZV Full situational awareness informed by Lowering operational costs. ICT solutions Promoting water quality and reliability. weather data helps cities see exactly where can dramatically reduce costs for both water Smart cities use ICT to protect the safety ÀRRGVDQGRYHUÀRZVDUHRFFXUULQJ6RPH providers and customers. Cities can optimise and reliability of their water supply. Remote V\VWHPVFDQHYHQSUHGLFWÀRRGVLQDGYDQFH WKHLUZDWHULQIUDVWUXFWXUHIRUHI¿FLHQF\VDYLQJ sensors can detect impurities, protecting so emergency crews can be dispatched in the cost of wasted resources and optimise water supply from the intentional or advance. Technology also allows cities to maintenance. Advanced analytics, using unintentional introduction of contaminants. PRUHHIIHFWLYHO\SODQÀRRGSUHYHQWLRQHIIRUWVdata from smart water meters in homes and The affected areas can often be isolated businesses can identify ways customers can automatically, preventing the spread. Saving energy on building cooling.Green reduce consumption and save on water bills. Meanwhile, the system alerts human roofs and other green water systems operators so that they can deploy repair not only capture water for use before it FUHZVWR¿[WKHSUREOHP enters a crowded sewer, they also serve to cool the buildings and streets and other Increasing resilience.Smart security infrastructure in which they are housed. This measures help protect water infrastructure can save energy on building cooling while from external cyber threats. Video cameras simultaneously reducing the dangerous urban and access cards can provide physical heat island effect. security. Automated fault management can ensure problems are found and dealt with before they affect a wide area. In a disaster scenario, analytics can immediately tell cities Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 218 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER The compelling case for smarter water: THE COMPELLING CASE FOR SMARTER WATER on-revenue water (NRW) – water that is produced • Real losses (leaks and bursts) but lost before it reaches the customer – is a The compelling major challenge for water utilities around the A 2011 study by the Smart Water Networks Forum case for smarter NZRUOG15:KDVDVLJQL¿FDQW¿QDQFLDOLPSDFWRQ (SWAN), a Council advisor, compiled NRW losses in water: utilities and their customers. It also represents the loss XUEDQFHQWUHDURXQGWKHZRUOG7KH¿QGLQJVZHUH of a precious resource. staggering. The NRW in Guayaquil, Ecuador topped Losses from non- the list at 73%, but Adana, Turkey wasn’t far behind revenue water – which NRW occurs for a variety of reasons: at 69%. NRW ranging from 30% to 50% were not can include everything uncommon. Conversely Singapore, which is recognized from water theft • Unmetered consumption (where water meters do as a leader and innovator in smart water, reported NRW to leaks and billing irregularities – represent not exist so usage can’t be accurately measured) losses of just 4%. an estimated $14 billion in missed revenue $XWKRUL]HGEXWXQELOOHGFRQVXPSWLRQ ¿UH¿JKWLQJ As Navigant Research analyst Neil Strother states: opportunity each year, for instance) “Losses from NRW represent $14 billion in missed according to the World revenue opportunity each year, according to the World Bank. • Apparent losses (water theft and metering Bank. The economic case for better water metering is inaccuracies) compelling.” Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 219 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Navigant has forecast that the global installed base of smart water and reveal the sections in most urgent need of repair. meters will reach 29.9 million by 2017, up from just 10.3 million meters in 2011. By the end of the forecast period, Navigant anticipates that 3.3 ³2XWGDWHGZDWHULQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGUHFRUGGH¿FLWVDUHERWKIXHOOLQJ million smart water meters will be shipped each year, representing an demand for low-cost inspection and repair solutions – namely software annual market value of $476 million. and sensor technologies that can provide a snapshot of a utility’s entire infrastructure,” said Brent Giles, a Lux Research senior analyst. “Without And smart water meters are only part of the larger market. In 2011, this holistic view, utilities cannot prioritize the most critical repairs – and Lux Research said that the market for technologies to inspect and may end up throwing money down the drain to address the leaks that repair the world’s aging water infrastructure was approaching $20 are visible today rather than the ones that could prove catastrophic billion world- wide and growing at a healthy 10%. It reported that tomorrow.” many municipalities were desperately seeking cost-effective new ways to maintain their pipe networks. Lux claimed that the most successful solutions would be those that can monitor the entire water infrastructure Sustainability Eliminating wasteful leaks.Smart water Getting the maximum value from existing meters and sensors reduce water loss. infrastructure.Building entirely new water Through situational awareness and automated systems is not an option for most cities. With fault management, water utilities can ICT, cities can make their existing systems far immediately identify and repair leaks and more productive. problems. Most cities that install smart water networks discover they have been losing at Harnessing the kinetic energy of water. least 10% to leaks and percentages as high $FKLHYLQJDQHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQWZDWHUV\VWHPWR as 50% are not unusual. power and use ICT. Conversing the water resource. Treating and reusing the water helps in conserving the precious water resource. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 220 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Conversing the water resource: WASTEWATER REUSE HELPS PALAVA ACHIEVE WATER SUSTAINABILITY DODYDLVRQHRIWKH¿UVWVPDUWFLW\SURMHFWV GE’s MBR technology not only ensures regulatory under development on 4,000 acres area by the FRPSOLDQFHEXWDOVRSURYLGHVRWKHUEHQH¿WVVXFKDV Conversing the water Lodha Group near Mumbai. To ensure water safe, automated, odor-free operations, the best quality resource: Psustainability in this township, Lodha developers of treated water, space savings and lowest lifecycle have partnered with Council member GE Power, Water costs. Combined with rainwater harvesting, wastewater MBR technology not & Process Technologies. reuse would reduce dependency on external sources only ensures regulatory and make the townships self-sustainable for water compliance but also SURYLGHVRWKHUEHQH¿WVVXFK needs. By using GE’s state-of-the-art ZeeWeed Membrane as safe, automated, odor- Bioreactor (MBR) technology, for sewage/wastewater free operations, the best treatment and reuse, the Developers shall provide GE has designed and constructed two Sewage quality of treated water, Palava township residents the ability to recover and Treatment Plants (STPs) based on MBR technology, space savings and lowest lifecycle costs reducing UHXVHDVLJQL¿FDQWTXDQWLW\RIZDWHUIRUDSSOLFDWLRQV at: Casa Bella Gold (3 MLD or 3 Million Liters per Day) dependency on external VXFKDVJDUGHQLQJÀXVKLQJÀRRUDQGFDUZDVKLQJ and Casa Rio (6.1 MLD). These plants are designed sources and make the water landscapes and HVAC. with modular capability such that the capacity can be townships self-sustainable increased in a phased manner. for water needs. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 221 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Optimise water use: Many technologies and best practices can help cities develop a smart water system, including advanced, automated water treatment facilities. Water targets and non-traditional segments of the water- conservation mandates, smart meters can shed — from the pipes and pumps to green give customers the detailed information they Many technologies and best practices can help water systems in gardens or rooftops that need to curb consumption. Smart meters can cities develop a smart water system. Five collect storm runoff or grey water. As noted also reduce the need for additional sensors on WDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\UHODWHWRZDWHUDQGZDVWH above (and as illustrated in the case study pipes, pumps and switches. water and will be discussed in detail below. from the Netherlands), cities will want to Connect devices with citywide, multi- We’ll also talk about several of the universal collaborate to gather data not just within city service communications.This universal targets as they apply to smart water. limits, but from the larger watershed as well. target applies equally to water. It is worth Smart water networks also utilise sensors reminding, however, that most cities should Implement optimal instrumentation and that monitor water quality. This may include NOT build a communications network just for control across the watershed.We’ve added tracking different grades of water to ensure smart water purposes. Instead, they should on to this universal target to remind you that they are properly routed for the appropriate seek to piggyback on an existing network. most cities will need information that extends end use. Or share costs with other departments to beyond their city boundaries. A smart water build a system they all can use. For instance, network uses sensors to capture data on the In addition to sensors for the physical in Tianjin China, a single communications condition of the water and the equipment. infrastructure, some cities will want to network carries the signals for smart meters These devices are installed in both traditional consider smart water meters. In regions withof several different kinds. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 222 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Connect devices with ĐŝƚLJǁŝĚĞ͕ŵƵůƟͲƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͗ BISMARCK UTILITIES COLLABORATION IMPROVES CAPABILITIES ismarck, North Dakota’s state capital, sources The city of Bismarck partnered with Council member its municipal water from the Missouri River and Itron to deploy multi-utility meter reading concept with Connect devices disperses its treated water through an elaborate the help of two progressive utilities, Bismarck’s water with citywide, distribution network. Even though advanced department and Montana-Dakota Utilities (MDU). These B multi-service metering infrastructure (AMI) is being installed at entities work together to improve water infrastructure communications: an increasing rate every year and over 50% meters RSHUDWLRQV±WKH¿UVWH[DPSOHRISXEOLFSULYDWH installed in the US are now smart meters, overall, the partnership to manage an entire city’s water meters. effort to modernise water infrastructure has made slow Bismarck’s water department and progress in North America. Montana-Dakota Utilities (MDU) already uses Itron’s Montana-Dakota Utilities network system to collect, measure, and analyse meter (MDU) work together The city of Bismarck faced challenges to control data from over 300,000 meters installed for electric to improve water its budgets while aiming to modernise water and natural gas service. With the help of Itron, the infrastructure operations ±WKH¿UVWH[DPSOHRI management technologies, especially in attaining a water department modernised its water distribution public-private partnership return on investment on the most expensive aspect system with 21,000 advanced water communication to manage an entire of implementing AMI networks: the communications modules and managed the smart water system using city’s water meters. infrastructure needed to route the meter and network MDU’s existing network in its service territory, as per an VHQVRUGDWDWRWKHXWLOLW\EDFNRI¿FH agreement that MDU provides water meter readings to Bismarck using its existing network. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 223 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Inclusivity Collaborativity Governance Providing 24x7 supply of drinking water for all Create an institutional framework. Water Achieve existing infrastructure and adequate and hygienic sanitation are oneis a local issue; however, it is a state- optimisation.Rain harvesting could be one of the most important and high priority goalslevel subject in the federal constitution, solution for water collection. Collected water for smart cities around the world. and collaboration with state governments can be immediately used for agriculture and is extremely critical to device a holistic landscaping, and with improved and advanced Achieve accessibility optimisation. Smart strategy. The smart city municipalities create WHFKQRORJ\¿OWUDWLRQSUDFWLFHVWRUHGXFH water has to be clean, accessible, affordable a platform, to share ideas and take into water-borne pathogens, also quickly available and inclusive — it not only provides water account the strengths of the water resources for human consumption. to all citizens, it also prevents water theft throughout the state, and formulate a comprehensive framework. This leads to and illegal connections, mitigating risk of Develop systems to enforce regulations. DYRLGLQJFRQÀLFWVDVZHOODVVXVWDLQDEOHXVHRI backward contamination of clean water The city should work with state pollution WKLV¿QLWHQDWXUDOUHVRXUFH:KHQDSSURSULDWH supply. With the effort of the state and the control boards to formulate, strengthen smart cities privatise the water-distribution World Bank, Punjab today leads its way to DQGHQIRUFHHIÀXHQWVWDQGDUGV7KHFDSLWDO V\VWHPVWRLPSURYHLWVHI¿FLHQF\ bring safer water to its citizens — more than technical and human resources currently 1 million homes receive safe water supply. available to the boards are inadequate Pursue multilateral collaboration.At the to effectively monitor activities, enforce regulations, and convict violators. Formulate citizen reporting framework forsame time, many active NGOs are now able outcome thinking.The city municipalities to enforce compliance with environmental should empower local groups with knowledge,obligations through the Right to Information understanding, and real-time information for Act, active and competitive media, and water conservation and sustainable usage, growing awareness on water issues. such as to manage extraction in a cooperativeFurthermore, international agencies like way. This problem can only be managed by Habitat for Humanity and World Bank offer a cooperative agreement among the users of FROODERUDWLYHDQG¿QDQFLDODVVLVWDQFHWRWKH the aquifer, who should know how much can cities. be extracted without depleting the resource. The state can monitor and provide this information. Mexico’s efforts at cooperative management of groundwater suggest that this practice can work. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 224 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER ĐŚŝĞǀĞĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ AQUASTAR PROJECT HELPS TOWN OF CARY TO SAVE MONEY own of Cary had manual meter reading system, SAS® Analytics platform is used to analyse millions of conducted by meter readers walking routes rows of metered data. The town’s daily reports reveal with handheld devices interfaced to the billing anomalies, and prioritise and identify customers with Achieve existing system, would be over-burdened with the growth possible leaks or unplanned water usage. Cary uses the T infrastructure projections for the town, while the demands for reports to proactively reach out to customers to alert optimisation: accurate readings would exceed. Non-revenue water them of high and/or continuous water use. was a growing concern along with growing metering The town can quickly inaccuracies and theft or unmetered consumption. Reducing carbon footprint and cost of service detect and stop leaks, operations.Aquastar helped Cary reduce carbon and give customers In addition, holidays, unplanned staff absences, and valuable information emissions by taking meter readers off the road, as inclement weather disrupted meter reading schedules, so that they can use previously, 10 meter readers drove 71,000 miles and water more wisely and which led to inconsistent billing periods. When used 7,000 gallons of fuel in one year. future rate setting more customers called to express dissatisfaction with high predictable. Through bills, the town was unable to provide information about operational savings, when high usage occurred. Increasing billable revenues and higher operational Aquastar will save the savings. Through operational savings, Aquastar will utility more than $10 million. Cary replaced 60000 Residential and Commercial water save the utility more than $10 million. meters which required monthly manual readings with a Aquastar wireless system that collects hourly meter Increasing business effectiveness & reduces GDWDDOORZLQJWKHWRZQWRRSHUDWHPRUHHI¿FLHQWO\DQG amount of unaccounted water.The town can quickly provide citizens with in-depth water usage reports, detect and stop leaks, and give customers valuable powered by SAS® Analytics from Council member SAS.information so that they can use water more wisely and future rate setting more predictable. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 225 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Interoperability consumption data so they can see hour-by- improves decision-making capabilities hour how, when and where they use water. citywide. Two reminders germane to water: 1) Adhere to open standards.Hydrologic data Armed with this type of information, they can In many parts of the world the water system collections and sensor feeds are notoriously make choices and trade-offs that can reduce is well over 100 years old and many water non-interoperable. By using open standards their water usage and their utility bills. such as the new OGC Water ML 2.0 Encoding utilities don’t know exactly where all the Standard, diverse data collections can be From a smart city perspective, water usage pipes and valves are located. 2) A city water quickly discovered, assessed, accessed, data is invaluable for long-range planning, for department should seek to share costs with aggregated, compared, used with other PDNLQJ]RQLQJGHFLVLRQVIRUZDWHUHI¿FLHQF\ other departments if it needs to build a GIS spatial data (weather, geology, elevation etc.), programs, for low-income assistance system from scratch. A central GIS enables DQGÀRZHGEHWZHHQFRPSXWHUPRGHOV programs – and for setting an example by HI¿FLHQF\JDLQVWKURXJKPRUHLQWHOOLJHQW reducing water consumption in city facilities. scheduling and routing, provides improved accuracy of essential records and boosts resiliency of key assets. Data management Computing resources Analytics Create and adhere to a citywide data Consider a cloud computing framework. management, transparency and sharing With the cost of cloud services declining, this Achieve full situational awareness across policy, including water usage data. In the universal target can make sense for cities the watershed, informed by weather data. Universal chapter, we discussed the merits of large and small. It is particularly germane to Situational awareness is a universal target. a citywide data management policy. In this the water sector in North America. In that When it comes to water responsibility, it chapter, we want to recommend additional part of the world there are few large water means getting a complete view of what’s UXOHVWKDWDSSO\VSHFL¿FDOO\WRZDWHU companies. Instead, water is managed by happening across a watershed. Such insight more than 18,000 small- to medium-sized is essential for cities that want to ‘close the Cities may not own their own municipal water organisations. Few of them have the budget loop’ and promote sustainability by relying on utility, but they will want to have access for a large ICT staff and powerful server their local watershed rather than importing to overall usage data provided by the local farms. Yet they can get the same power and water from elsewhere. That situational utility. It’s important to ensure that the data EHQH¿WVDVODUJHURUJDQLVDWLRQVE\WXUQLQJWR awareness should be further expanded by conforms to the citywide data management software-as-a-service running in the cloud. including local and regional weather data. policy, even if it originated elsewhere. Weather data can help give an accurate view Cities will also want to encourage utilities to of current conditions and can help predict Have access to a central GIS. A central grant water customers access to their own future problems. geographic information system (GIS) Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 226 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Smart water requires smart ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ͗ WATER AGENCY BUILDS “BORDERLESS” INFRASTRUCTURE he California Natural Resources Agency manages GHSDUWPHQWZKLFKPDGHLWGLI¿FXOWWRPDNHWLPHO\ the state’s natural resources, including water. decisions. Smart water One of its largest departments is the Department requires smart Tof Water Resources (DWR), with around 3,500 The agency wanted a new data centre infrastructure collaboration: employees. DWR supplies and manages the water- that could adapt easily to support changing business GHOLYHU\V\VWHPVSURYLGHVÀRRGSURWHFWLRQWKURXJK needs. The immediate need was for borderless California Department improvement of levees, inspects 1,200 dams and helps collaboration with all stakeholders, including local, state of Water Resources coordinate the state’s integrated water management. and federal government and private sector entities. required a secure way to share data To accomplish those tasks, department personnel need The solution the agency chose was a borderless with other water management agencies. to access and manipulate large data sets to model the infrastructure based on Council member Cisco’s Data New “borderless effects of the environment on the water system. “Many Centre Business Advantage solutions and Cisco’s infrastructure” from of our missions require close collaboration with other planning, design and implementation services. Cisco created 20 federal, state, and local government organisations, distinct security zones, subject matter experts, and the people of California,” The results enabled secure collaboration by creating 20 making it easy for multiple departments to says CEO Tim Garza. distinct security zones, reduced total cost of ownership collaborate safely. for the network by 30% and accelerated network But DWR had limited ability to share data outside the performance by 40%. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 227 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER Pursue predictive • Optimise water use.Smart devices can analytics: monitor conditions and assign different water grades. Some grades might be By analyzing the data acceptable for your garden, but not for from a smart water your cooking. infrastructure and combining it with weather data, cities • Automate fault and leak management. can predict problems, A smart water network can automate such as areas prone to many parts of the leak management ÀRRGLQJ process. Leak management systems automate both the prioritization of repair work and the dispatch of crews. They make water systems more resilient to natural disasters and intentional damage. • Pursue predictive analytics. This universal target applies to water in powerful ways. By analysing the data Achieve operational optimisation for Optimise water distribution.Analytics • from smart water infrastructure and VXVWDLQDELOLW\HI¿FLHQF\FOHDQOLQHVVDQG can ensure water goes where it is combining it with weather data, cities can safety. Operational optimisation is a universal needed, when it is needed. Demand and predict problems, such as areas prone to target. We have extended it to emphasise supply can be balanced, so that water ÀRRGLQJ,QVRPHFLWLHV²LQFOXGLQJ5LR its value in a smart water network. Here are is distributed, consumed and reported de Janeiro — smart systems can monitor examples. ZLWKPD[LPXPHI¿FLHQF\:LWKVPDUW LQFRPLQJVWRUPVDQGSUHGLFWZKHUHÀRRGV meters providing data on consumption will occur later that day, so emergency • Optimise water capture.A city might at customer premises, water pricing can steps can be taken in advance. discover it is overdrawing from one move to a variable model to acknowledge source, and under drawing from another. that water is more expensive to procure • Optimise energy use. Hydro-powered Correcting the situation creates a in certain seasons and certain times of the day. generators can allow real-time sensor more optimised operation and a more RSHUDWLRQVDQGVLJQL¿FDQWO\FXWGRZQRQ sustainable water supply. operating expenditures. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 228 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER KƉƟŵŝƐĞǁĂƚĞƌĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͗ BIG DATA ANALYTICS ASSISTS IN 100% EQUITABLE WATER ith a population of more than 33 lakh, providing KWA deployed council member IBM’s Big Data analytics connections with equitable water supply to solutions to analyse, monitor and manage water Optimise water 2.1 lakh households in Thiruvananthapuram distribution in the city of Thiruvananthapuram. With distribution: Wwas a challenging task for the Kerala Water the solutions, KWA aimed to achieve 100% success in Authority (KWA), Government of Kerala, India, due to equitable water supply with the ability to monitor and 7KHXQL¿HGDQGUHDO aging pipes, leaking infrastructure and unauthorised ÀDJLUUHJXODULWLHVLQZDWHUXVDJHXVLQJVHQVRUVDQG time information of use of water. KWA was facing challenges in two areas intelligent meters. water usage now can — loss of close to 45% of the current water supply be effectively and and lack of proper water management in the city, and IBM worked closely with KWA to establish a Water predicatively monitored and managed, thereby revenue collection, as the billing system was unable to Management Centre using the IBM Intelligent reducing billing accurately track water consumption by consumers. Operations Water Software containing GIS information anomalies and improving to bring all the distribution and consumption data revenue collection by KWA wanted to put in place the necessary from meters across the city to a central dashboard. more than 10%. infrastructure, monitoring systems and analytics to 7KHXQL¿HGDQGUHDOWLPHLQIRUPDWLRQRIZDWHUXVDJH help proactively identify potential issues, dramatically now can be effectively and predicatively monitored reduce water waste, improve customer satisfaction and and managed, thereby reducing billing anomalies and LQFUHDVHWKHHI¿FLHQF\RIPDLQWHQDQFHDQGEXVLQHVV improving revenue collection by more than 10%. operations. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 229 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER ͕͖͔͗͛ǣ In 2014, the International Organisation for Standards announced an ISO standard that applies strictly to city performance. The Water and Sanitation Indicators shed Optimal instrumenation across water Citywide, multi-service communications data management policy Create water optimization operational Achieve asset optimization Achieve fault and leak management Automate across watershed Full situational awareness analysis Pursue predictive document -- known 21.1 Percentage of city population with potable water supply••• service as ISO 37120:2014 Percentage of city population with sustainable access to an improved -- establishes a set of open data indicators 21.2 water source ••• to measure the delivery of city services DQGTXDOLW\RIOLIH,WGH¿QHVFRPPRQ Core 21.3 Percentage of population with access to improved sanitation••• methodologies that cities can use to measure their performance in areas such as energy, 21.4 Total domestic water consumption per capita (liters/day)•••••• HQYLURQPHQW¿QDQFHHPHUJHQF\UHVSRQVH governance, health, recreation, safety, solid 21.5 Total water consumption per capita (liters/day) •••••• waste, telecommunications, transportation, Wastewater21.6 Average annual Indicators hours of water service interruption per••• household ••• planning, wastewater, water, and sanitation. Support 21.7 Percentage of water loss (unaccounted for water) ••• ••• In the table, we have indicated how the standard related to Water and Sanitation and Wasterwater correspond with the Council’s :DWHUDQG:DVWHZDWHUWDUJHWVLGHQWL¿HGRQ 20.1 Percentage of city population served by wastewater collection the next page. The ISO smart city wastewater •••••• • standard attempts to capture all the risk to 20.2 Percentage of the city’s wastewater that has received•••••• no treatment • WKHZDWHUVXSSO\ZLWK¿YHFRUHLQGLFDWRUV designed to measure the availability of 20.3 Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving primary•••• treatment • •• wastewater treatment, accessibility and the Core quality of the treatment. 20.4 Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving secondary•••••• treatment • 20.5 Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving tertiary•••••• treatment • Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 230 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER WATER AND WASTEWATER TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHZDWHUDQGZDVWHZDWHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQbold, universal targets are not. Enabler Water and Wastewater Targets: Implementation Progress Complete How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their water infrastructures None Partial Over 50% Achieve accessibility optimization (Supplement: including physical and web accessibility) Inclusivity Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking Achieve citizen engagement Create institutional framework Collaborativity (Supplement: across multiple transit systems) Pursue multilateral collaboration Human Human Achieve existing infrastructure optimization Instigate ‘soft mobility’ Governance Institutional Facilitate revenue generation for the city INSTITUTIONAL (Supplement: using demand-based road user charging) Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 231 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER WATER AND WASTEWATER TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHZDWHUDQGZDVWHZDWHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQbold, universal targets are not. Enabler Water and Wastewater Targets: Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their water infrastructures None Partial Over 50%Complete Instrumentation and Implement optimal instrumentation Control (Supplement: across the watershed) Connectivity Connect devices with citywide, multi-service communications Adhere to open standards Interoperability Use open integration architectures and loosely coupled interfaces Prioritize use of legacy investments Publish privacy rules Security and Privacy Create a security framework Implement cyber security Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy Data Management Technology (Supplement: including water usage data) Consider a cloud computing framework Use an open innovation platform Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management Achieve full situational awareness (Supplement: across the watershed, and informed by weather data) Achieve operational optimization Analytics 6XSSOHPHQW IRUVXVWDLQDELOLW\HI¿FLHQF\FOHDQOLQHVVDQGVDIHW\ Achieve asset optimization Automate fault and leak management Pursue predictive analytics Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 232 CH 9: WATER AND WASTEWATER 10 Management Rapid, dynamic population growth, increasing disposable income and changing consumer behavior have put tremendous pressure on basic amenities and municipal services, and dealing Waste with the chronic problem of unmanageable urban waste is one of the most pressing civic issues city leaders are facing today. Hence, smart and LQQRYDWLYHFRQFHSWVIRUHϑHFWLYHDQGVXVWDLQDEOH solid waste management to reduce or eliminate adverse impacts on environment and human health becomes of utmost importance. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 233 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT clothing, bottles, newspapers, appliances, paint and electronic items. In the past century, as the world’s population has grown and living standards continued to escalate, waste production has risen tenfold. Moreover, the solid waste generation rate is outpacing urbanisation. In a landmark report released in 2012, the World Bank estimated that urban residents worldwide generated 1.3 billion tonnes (or metric tonnes) of municipal waste per year. By 2025, cities are expected to nearly double that amount, producing 2.2 billion tonnes. The waste management problem is acute in emerging economies. Laogang in Shanghai, China; Sudokwon in Seoul; the now-full The rising ride of Mounting problem of Jardim Gramacho in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; waste: garbege and Bordo Poniente in Mexico City are some RIWKHODUJHVWODQG¿OOVLQWKHZRUOG²HDFK By 2025, India will typically receiving over 10,000 tonnes of be the world’s fastest Solid waste is inextricably linked to waste per day. growing region for urbanisation and economic development — waste, according the most striking and noxious by-product of to World Bank resource-intensive, consumer-based economic projections. Hence, lifestyles. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) refers managing the waste to the commercial and residential garbage is going to be a major JHQHUDWHGLQPXQLFLSDORUQRWL¿HGDUHDV² environmental and household and industrial waste, construction economic challenge and demolition debris, waste from streets for India and so forth. MSW consists of everyday items such as product packaging, food scraps, vegetable waste, discarded furniture, Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 234 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT In urban India, around 60 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated annually. Though the number looks relatively low compared to some of the global cities, most of the Indian cities does not have VFLHQWL¿FZDVWHGLVSRVDODQGVHZDJHWUHDWPHQW facilities. Rapidly growing population, increasing disposal income and changing lifestyle, food habits and consumer behaviour in India has considerably changed the composition of municipal solid waste and going IRUZDUGZLOOVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHWKHDPRXQW of waste generated. By 2025, India will be the world’s fastest growing region for waste, according to World Bank projections. Hence, managing the waste is going to be a major environmental and economic challenge for India. In India, a fraction of the solid waste is information and communications technologies The rising ride of recycled or composted, and most of the waste (ICT) are driving many of these new solutions, waste: LVODQG¿OOHGRULQFLQHUDWHGDQGVWLOODORWLV particularly in the area of garbage collection. unmanaged — leading to open dumping. But scaled-up applications in the realm of ICT driving many of /DQG¿OOVDUHLQFUHDVLQJO\EHFRPLQJDPDMRU biological and industrial engineering are also the new solutions, problem — due to space limitation — while involved. particularly H[LVWLQJODQG¿OOVLQPHWURSROLWDQDUHDVDUH in the area of EHFRPLQJIXOO¿QGLQJQHZRQHVLVHYHQPRUH garbage collection. GLϒFXOW But scaled-up applications in the In this chapter we examine how smart realm of biological technologies are enabling cities to manage and industrial 06:LQDQHϒFLHQWDQGVXVWDLQDEOHPDQQHU$V engineering are also in other city responsibility areas, involved. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 235 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Cost control.Managing solid waste is one to major environmental degradation which Why managing solid waste of the major responsibilities of the local presents imminent threat to human health. government, and constitutes the single matters Additionally, it may result in safety hazards greatest cost in the municipal budget. IURP¿UHRUH[SORVLRQV Moreover, the global cost of managing As the municipal solid waste is piling up at Environment protection. The environmental garbage is going up, most severely for rapidly DQDODUPLQJUDWHLQ,QGLDWKH6:0HϑRUWV impacts of poor collection and improper waste developing countries. The World Bank predicts DUHEHFRPLQJLQDGHTXDWHDQGWKHHϑHFWVRI GLVSRVDOPHWKRGV²DQGWKHLUHϑHFWVRQ the annual global garbage bill will jump from poorly managed waste disposal are becoming public health — came under closer scrutiny the current $205 billion to $375 billion by increasingly threatening. after World War II. In India, solid waste is 2025. Even today, there is trash dumped SUHGRPLQDQWO\GLVSRVHGRILQODQG¿OOV² at street corners and in open street-side Public health.First and foremost, cities most are not properly lined and protected, drainage facilities, creating extreme health manage waste to mitigate its public health UHVXOWLQJLQODQG¿OOGHEULVOHDFKLQJRXWDQG and environmental issues, requiring additional impact. As a breeding ground for bacteria, contaminating groundwater, or open dumping ODERUDQGFDSLWDOLQWHQVLYHFOHDULQJHϑRUWVWR insects and vermin, accumulated trash has longgrounds, contaminating surface water. SUHYHQWZDWHUEORFNDJHVDQGÀRRGLQJ been linked to the spread of air- and water- borne diseases. Industrial Revolution and mass 7KHSUREOHPRIODQG¿OOJUHHQKRXVHJDV Promoting sustainability.Waste management PRYHPHQWRIZRUNHUVWRFLWLHVVSXUUHGWKH¿UVW *+* HPLVVLRQVLVHYHQZRUVH/DQG¿OO practices have become increasingly linked ULJRURXVHϑRUWVWRDGGUHVVDQGLPSURYHXUEDQ gases are produced by the breakdown of to the goal of sustainability. Programs that VDQLWDWLRQ7KHVHHϑRUWVLQFOXGHGV\VWHPDWLF organic material. They contain carbon dioxide, promote waste prevention, recycling and waste collection with disposal via incineration methane, volatile organic compounds, material recovery directly support emerging SODQWVDQGODQG¿OOV hazardous air pollutants and odorous sustainability goals by reducing demands on FRPSRXQGVWKDWFDQDGYHUVHO\DϑHFWSXEOLF WKHUHVRXUFHVDQGHQHUJ\DVZHOODVODQG¿OOV 6ROLGZDVWHODQG¿OOVDUHEHFRPLQJDFKURQLF health and the environment. Methane is of SUREOHP²OHDGLQJWRVLJQL¿FDQWKHDOWK SDUWLFXODUFRQFHUQ,WLVWLPHVPRUHHϑHFWLYH Hence, there is a severe need to sort out concerns, direct and indirect. Lack of enforced at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon recyclable and biodegradable waste. More regulations enables potentially infectious GLR[LGH0HWKDQHIURPODQG¿OOVUHSUHVHQWV importantly, there is a need to see waste more medical and increasingly expanding level about 12% of total global methane emissions. than a waste, but as a resource. Before we of hazardous industrial waste to be mixed $OVRRSHQEXUQLQJDQGODQG¿OO¿UHVDGGD think of waste prevention — we need to take with MSW, which is harmful to public health, VLJQL¿FDQWDPRXQWRISROOXWLRQLQWKHDLU waste pickers and the environment. E-Waste a closer look prior to a material or product becomes solid waste. The linear — take, make, — obsolete, discarded, broken and surplus 7KHUHDUHDOVRVLJQL¿FDQWFDUERQHPLVVLRQV dispose — economy is becoming increasingly electrical and electronic devices — are of released from the transportation of municipal unsustainable and even expensive for the immediate and long-term concern as the solid waste. industry is unregulated and recycling can lead businesses and the economy. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 236 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT KDYHDFFHVVWR60:V\VWHPV HϑHFWLYHWR VDIHO\UHPRYHZDVWH HϒFLHQWWRPD[LPLVH EHQH¿WVPLQLPLVHFRVWVDQGRSWLPLVHWKHXVH of resources; and sustainable - technically, environmentally, economically and socially. Waste is not a waste till it is wasted 6PDUWFLWLHVKDYHDFRPSOHWHGLϑHUHQWWDNH on waste. Waste is considered more than just garbage, and develop approaches to tackle the problem at its source is the way forward toward smart waste management. Need a shift in Integrated solid wasteNeed a shift in thinking thinking: management The pursuit of sustainability represents one The pursuit of sustainability shift in the thinking around modern waste represents one shift in the Solid waste management encompasses the thinking around modern management practices. The other more entire life-cycle of material, from extraction waste management essential shift in mindset is from waste of row materials to ultimate transformation. practices. The other more management to resource management. essential shift in mindset is ,6:0UHÀHFWVWKHQHHGWRDSSURDFKVROLG $VODQG¿OOVDUHSKDVLQJRXWLQFLQHUDWLRQLV from waste management to waste in a comprehensive manner — waste increasingly becoming the chosen solution; resource management. prevention, recycling, and disposal program — there needs to be a closer look at this with careful selection and sustained application approach. Even though waste-to-energy of appropriate technology, working conditions, is diversion of materials that comes from and ‘social license’ between the community petroleum products, it creates emission and local government waste management Hazardous ash that contains toxic substance authorities. ISWM in smart cities are driven and heavy metals that must be dealt with. by four objectives: inclusive - all citizens to Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 237 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT A circular economy is a closed-loop system which acts like nature to rebuild capital and PLQLPLVHULVNVRIPDQDJLQJ¿QLWHUHVRXUFHV — where ‘biological nutrients’ that reenter the ecosystem safely and ‘technical components’ that are designed to circulate at high utility value in the production system without entering the biosphere — without creating any garbage or pollution. A circular economy is a continuous development cycle of a restorative economy — to regenerate manufactured, ¿QDQFLDORUQDWXUDOFDSLWDO 8UEDQPHWDEROLVPPDWHULDODQGHQHUJ\ÀRZV in cities, needed to be analysed to develop widespread application of this ‘industrial ecology’ — to re-thinking and re-designing the manufacturing and urban systems to make and reuse or remake products over and over again, ultimately minimising or eliminating waste. There are multiple innovative ideas currently Circular economy: Circular economy incubating that will allow to recover and reuse existing materials, such as Council member The lifecycle As material or product goes through a long IBM Research and some European companies analysis of product life cycle — extracting and processing raw who have successfully developed technology or material materials, manufacturing, transporting WRFUHDWHLQ¿QLWHO\UHF\FODEOHSODVWLF²XVLQJ instigated an materials and products, and operations — all biorecycling or chemical recycling processes, innovative concept, PRVWO\XVH¿QLWHUHVRXUFHV²UDZPDWHULDOV considerably reducing the waste itself. waste = food. and energy from fossil fuels. The analysis of Depiction of the lifecycle instigated the idea of cradle-to-cradle Circular Economy by product innovation, which was developed into the Ellen MacArthur an innovative concept, waste = food. Foundation. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 238 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Seeing waste as an asset Seeing waste as an asset: Waste represents a source of assets from which to recover both materials and energy Waste represents a LQDFRVWHϑHFWLYHDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOIULHQGO\ source of assets from which to recover both manner. This emphasis on recovery departs materials and energy from the traditional ‘reduce, reuse, recycle LQDFRVWHϑHFWLYH and dispose’ mantra chanted by waste and environmental- management pundits. friendly manner. ³7KH¿UVWPHVVDJHIRUPXQLFLSDOLWLHV considering best practices for waste management is to transition from seeing discarded materials as a waste, a liability, towards recognising each scrap as a potential asset to be recovered and returned to the marketplace,” says Michael Theroux, a resource recovery consultant and Council Advisor who advocates clean conversion for recovery of VLJQL¿FDQWO\ODUJHDPRXQW+RZHYHUWKHUH energy and raw materials at his ‘Thru Talk’ Understanding the is not enough, accurate data. With more website. character of waste prosperity comes more packaging, imports, electronic waste and broken appliances — This focus on broad recovery of waste stream changing the mix of waste generated. For cities embarking on new waste components strives to shrink the volume of management initiatives, experts advise JDUEDJHWKDWJRHVLQWRSUREOHPDWLFODQG¿OOVDQG “You cannot manage what you do not WKDWWKH\VKRXOG¿UVWJHWWRNQRZWKHLU incinerators. But it’s also introducing the view measure,” says waste consultant Theroux. garbage. Municipalities must understand that waste represents a revenue-generating He advises that waste characterisation the nature of waste generation in their resource. Cities now have the opportunity to studies include city demographics, land use particular community, including what’s sell their waste streams to companies that and business data. The use of geographic in it, where it’s coming from and how sort, divert and process refuse into products information (GIS) system data can help much of each type is present. An agro- that have genuine market value. plot physical location of waste generators, based country like India creates a lot while useful analytical tools such as cluster of agricultural, wet waste. Annually, analysis help city management understand India generates approximately 60 where there are concentrations of large- million tonnes of garbage, mostly wet, volume generators of certain waste types. where metropolitan cities contribute a Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 239 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT In the hierarchy of waste management, the waste diversion options of reduce, reuse, recycle — a fourth ‘R’ for recovery will prove to be a value-added solution in the near future. These options are then followed by incineration DQGODQG¿OORURWKHUGLVSRVDORSWLRQV Smart integrated solid waste management falls LQ¿YHSKDVHV • Reduce – Smart waste prevention • Reuse – Smart waste dispersion The hierarchy of waste • Recycle – Smart waste collection management: Getting smart about waste management • Recover – Smart material and energy recovery The waste diversion options of reduce, reuse, recycle — Municipal corporations are charged with an • Disposal – Smart waste disposal a fourth ‘R’ for recovery will immense task of managing municipal solid prove to be a value-added waste — to dispose the waste in the most However, smart cities around the world devise solution in the near future. economically, socially, and environmentally and encourage smart waste management These options are then optimal manner possible. Smart solutions solutions that with actively participate in the followed by incineration and are already working their way into the waste critical dimension — reduce — to manage the ODQG¿OORURWKHUGLVSRVDO management arena. Navigant Research reports amount and type of waste generated Let’s look options. that smart waste management technologies at each of these areas a bit closer. now touch 43% of the global solid waste stream. And more convergence is on the way. 7KHUHVHDUFK¿UPHVWLPDWHVWKDWPLOOLRQ tonnes of waste was managed by smart waste technologies in 2014. This volume is expected to increase to 938.4 million tonnes by 2023. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 240 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Reducing resource use ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ SMART SENSORS PROVIDE COST SAVING SOLUTIONS IN FINLAND ocated 50 kilometers east of Helsinki, the Finnish DVPDUWFLW\VROXWLRQLQVWDOOLQJZLUHOHVV¿OOOHYHO capital, is Porvoo, an old medieval town situated in sensors at recycling. The sensor system provided by Reducing resource the picturesque scenery of the Finnish archipelago. Finland-based logistics solution company Enevo, a use through LIn the summer of 2011, the scenery at the local Council member, measures and forecasts when waste optimisation: UHF\FOLQJVWDWLRQVZDVOHVVSLFWXUHVTXH RYHUÀRZLQJ containers will be full. By combining the forecasts with waste containers and angry customers. The local waste WUDϒFDQGYHKLFOHLQIRUPDWLRQ(QHYR¶VV\VWHPFDQ By installing Enevo management authority, Itä-Uudenmaan Jätehuolto, was JHQHUDWHPLOOLRQVRIGLϑHUHQWURXWHRSWLRQVDQGVXJJHVW smart sensors the local having considerable challenges handling the increasing WKHPRVWFRVWHϒFLHQWWRWKHXVHU waste management amount of waste that the many guests were generating authority was able during the summer season. By utilising Enevo’s smart sensor service ONe, to cut the amount of Itä-Uudenmaan Jätehuolto was able to: collections by 51% and achieve a net savings 2YHU¿OOLQJDWWKHORFDOUHF\FOLQJVWDWLRQVZDVEHFRPLQJ • Reduce the amount of collections by 51% rate of 47%. The image more common, causing increased littering and cleaning above shows a typical costs. Customers were demanding increased collection • Reduce unnecessary driving and emissions recycling station in the intervals, while the service was getting too expensive Porvoo region. to maintain. 5HGXFHWKHRYHU¿OOLQJSUREOHPDWUHF\FOLQJVWDWLRQV • Achieve a net savings rate of 47% To tackle the problem the authority decided to pursue Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 241 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT The Japanese city of Kawasaki has improved its industrial processes and diverted 565,000 WKHLU¿OOOHYHOVWDWXVWRDFHQWUDOGDWDFHQWUH tonnes of potential waste per year — more Only when the sensors indicate the container than all the MSW the city now handles. is almost full is the container added to a collection route. Smart collaboration Trash bin sensors can also be installed in The zero waste movement represents an even conjunction with an integrated solar-power broader push for sustainability. It not only compactor that pushes down the contents advocates eliminating waste through waste of the container. This adds capacity to the prevention and recycling, it works toward container and further reduces the number of restructuring production and distribution collection trips required. Reduce – smart waste systems to make everything reusable — in theory completely eliminating the need for Reuse – smart waste dispersion prevention ODQG¿OOVDQGLQFLQHUDWLRQ6PDUWFLWLHVDUH following the circular economy approach to Following the footsteps of the reduce approach, Most of the material impact is through intentionally designing products in a way that reuse strategy not only helps in reducing production and use. Much can be done locally their materials can be continually returned, in ZDVWHEXWDOVRSURYLGHVDOWHUQDWLYHVWR¿QLWH to reduce waste. Public education, outreach, high quality state, to the production process. resources and additionally creates a revenue and training are critical components for stream. Reuse of solid waste can be done HϒFLHQWZDVWHUHGXFWLRQDQGUHXVHSURJUDP A number of cities – San Francisco, Austin, ZLWKLQWKHLQGXVWU\EXWPRUHHϑHFWLYHO\LWFDQ Texas and Ljubljana, Slovenia among them — span multiple industries. The exchange and Resource reduction seeks to prevent waste have developed collaboration among various reuse of materials connects steel, cement, IURPEHLQJJHQHUDWHGLQWKH¿UVWSODFH FLW\DJHQFLHVWRRϒFLDOO\DGRSW]HURZDVWHDVDFKHPLFDODQGSDSHU¿UPVLQWRDQLQGXVWULDO Minimising or avoiding production of new goal. So has Scotland. ecosystem. products or packaging, and thereby preventing waste generation most often is the best Deconstruction programs VWUDWHJ\WRVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHSROOXWLRQ Trash container sensors and greenhouse gas emission. Substituting The construction industry in India is growing at electronic phone directories over print, New Time and fuel is wasted when garbage trucks the rate of 10% annually for the last 10 years. York City eliminated approximately 1.3 tonnes include mostly empty trash containers in their Construction and demolition waste (C&D) of paper each year and reduced estimated collection schedule. To help better determine constitutes a large fraction by mass of the greenhouse gas impacts by 2.8 metric tonnes when trash containers really do need to be waste stream; total C&D waste generated in of carbon annually. emptied, the waste companies are installing India in 2013 amounted for an enormous 530 micro-sensors in them that communicate metric tonnes. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 242 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT ZĞƵƐĞʹƐŵĂƌƚǁĂƐƚĞ dispersion͗ RECYCLING PLANT SMART REUSE DELHI (MCD) ith continuously increasing construction activity day (TPD) capacity, it processes 1,200 TPD of waste across the capital city of New Delhi, more currently. than 5,000 tonnes of waste is produced by Reuse – smart Wconstruction, demolition and land-clearing 2YHUWKHODVW¿YH\HDUV,QGLD¶V¿UVWDQGRQO\UHF\FOLQJ waste dispersion: activities every day. Most of this construction and plant for C&D waste has saved the already-polluted demolition (C&D) waste ends up being mostly illegally Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 243 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT However, C&D waste can be an invaluable source of building materials. Hence, smart world market for post-consumer scrap metal in carbon and nitrogen and is an excellent cities deploy building strategies that is estimated at 400 million tonnes annually medium for growing plants. Composting maximise the use of existing materials in new and around 175 million tonnes annually for ensures the kitchens and agro waste is not construction. Deconstruction programs reuse paper and cardboard (UN-Habitat 2009). This carelessly thrown and left to rot. This is an construction and demolition debris and help in represents a global value of at least $30 billion integrated part of a circular economy, where diverting the debris from waste disposal and per year. it recycles the nutrients and returns them to ODQG¿OOV3UHSDULQJDQGPDUNHWLQJWKHVDOYDJHG the soil as nutrients. Apart from being clean, materials create additional jobs. Collecting municipal solid waste is an FKHDSDQGVDIHFRPSRVWLQJFDQVLJQL¿FDQWO\ expensive and sometimes polluting proposition. reduce the amount of solid waste. The organic %XϑDOR5HXVHDQRQSUR¿WRUJDQLVDWLRQ It requires an army of drivers who operate fertiliser can be used instead of chemical was established in response to the City of ÀHHWVRIWUXFNVWKDWW\SLFDOO\JHWSRRUJDV fertilisers, and is better for vegetables and %XϑDOR¶VSODQWRGHYHORSGHFRQVWUXFWLRQDV mileage and spew emissions. This holds true community gardens. It improves the soil’s a competitive alternative to the demolition for India too, where there are local, informal ability to hold water and makes the soil easier of abandoned houses. Habitat for Humanity mechanism and systems in place for paper and to cultivate. ReStore and deconstruction program handle scarp metals that considerably reduce the load demolition debris and surplus materials, which RFID tags on trash and recycling bins on municipalities. prevented more than 600,000 pounds of waste IURPHQWHULQJODQG¿OOVVLQFH7KHSURJUDP Some cities have started to embed radio 6PDUWZDVWHFROOHFWLRQVROXWLRQVRϑHUUHOLHILQ also provides training and green jobs within the IUHTXHQF\LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ 5),' WDJVLQ several ways. They can eliminate unnecessary community. trash and recycling bins. In the UK, they’re pick-ups on collection routes, along with sometimes called “bin bugs.” the associated operating and maintenance costs for collection vehicles. They can also 7KHWDJVDUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDVSHFL¿FUHVLGHQW monitor participation rates for waste reduction or address and, similar to a barcode, can programs such as recycling. be read by equipment on collection trucks. Recycle – smart waste collection Collected RFID information is sent to a city Composting database where it can be analysed to help Municipal solid waste collection is comprised cities in several ways. For instance, RFID of three stages: segregation, collection and Organic matter constitutes 35%–40% of enables collection trucks to record the weight WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ:LWKHϑHFWLYHPHFKDQLVPVLQ the municipal solid waste generated in DQG¿OOLQJOHYHORIELQV+LVWRULFDODQDO\VLV place, segregating and deploying recycling India. This waste can be recycled by the of this data lets waste managers optimise VWUDWHJLHVDWWKHVRXUFHLVPRVWHϑHFWLYH method of composting, one of the oldest collection routes and schedules. The result is forms of disposal. It is the natural process of fewer trucks running fewer routes resulting in In past two decades, the global market for decomposition of organic waste that yields reduced truck emissions and air pollution. UHF\FODEOHVKDVLQFUHDVHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\7KH nutrient-rich manure or compost — high Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 244 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT A European Commission technical study on the use of RFID in the recycling industry indicates that use of these systems can reduce waste collection costs by up to 40% due to the decrease in fuel consumption and air pollution. In Cleveland, the city’s solid waste department used RFID container tagging to link trash and recycling bins to homeowners. After analysing its trash stream data, the city determined that 42% of the 220,000 tonnes of trash collected by the city every year is recyclable. Calculating the resale value of the recyclables along with the savings in dump fees by removing these recyclables from the waste stream, the city expects to generate $5.5 million in total GPS truck tracking GPS truck savings. tracking: The use of global positioning systems (GPS) Another use for RFID data is to help track has proved helpful to optimise waste collection GPS has proved which residents set out their trash and routes, improve driver behavior and cut helpful to optimise recycling bins. Cities might then target operating expenses. These systems help waste collection URXWHVLPSURYHGULYHU waste managers ensure that truck drivers educational programs toward those who don’t behavior and cut participate in recycling. are adhering to routes and schedules and operating expenses. that there’s no excessive idling or speeding, Finally, waste collectors are looking to which can consume additional fuel. A study incorporate RFID technology into pay-as- published by the Aberdeen Group noted a you-throw (PAYT) programs, where residents 13.2% reduction in fuel costs with adoption of are charged for trash collection based on the GPS vehicle tracking. There was also a 13.4% Many cities have had GIS systems in place amount they throw away. The city of Grand reduction in overtime costs. for a number of years.GIS technology is now Rapids, Michigan, has successfully deployed VWDUWLQJWRSOD\DVLJQL¿FDQWUROHLQPRGHUQ such a system. GIS-based route planning solid waste management operations. It can help with planning waste collection routes, as A geographic information system (GIS) is used well as prudently developing sites for recycling to construct, record, analyse, manipulate and centers, material recovery facilities, yard waste display geographic information. GHSRWVDQGODQG¿OOORFDWLRQV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 245 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT waste stream. Magnets pull out ferrous metal. Air jets are used to suspend lighter plastics and paper so that heavier products, such as glass and non-ferrous metals, fall out of the stream. To identify and sort non-ferrous metals, infrared and even x-ray scanning are sometimes used. Plastics are typically sorted by hand, a practice that adds considerably to the expense of operating an MRF. Material recovery plants generally fall into two categories. Clean MRFs only accept recyclables already separated at the collection point. Dirty Recover – smart material MRFs accept comingled trash that includes recovery recyclables, organic waste and everything else Smart materials that goes into a residential garbage can. A recovery: After collecting refuse and recyclables, the dirty MRF can actually recover more material recovery of valuable waste stream material than a clean MRF because it processes the Automated systems are can begin. Let’s now look at some of the smart entire waste stream and targets a greater used to separate various processing solutions that extract waste stream number of materials for recovery. UHF\FODEOHVDW05)VEXW hand sorting issometimes assets. UHTXLUHGWRR Mechanical biological treatment Advanced material recovery facilities In addition to clean and dirty MRFs, a third An advanced material recovery facility is type of recovery system has entered the commonly referred to as an MRF (pronounced picture. Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) “murf”). It is typically a large building where — also known as a wet MRF — treats solid collected waste enters on a conveyor belt and, waste both mechanically and biologically. A as it moves forward, is separated into various mixed waste stream enters these facilities piles for recycling markets. and magnets, shredders and other types of separators mechanically remove metals, A variety of mechanical systems are used plastics, glass and paper. WRVRUWDQGVHSDUDWHWKHJRRGVWXϑIURPWKH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 246 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Some MBT facilities will also separate Recover – smart energy combustible elements from the waste stream, recovery such as plastics and organics, and convert them to refuse-derived fuel (RDF). RDF is typically used as a fuel in power plants. Because municipal solid waste contains plastics, organics and other carbon-rich After mechanically recovering recyclables from material, waste managers are increasingly the waste, the remaining organic material viewing their garbage as a potential source of is processed using biological methods. renewable energy. Methods of converting waste These include anaerobic digestion, in which to energy — WTE in waste industry parlance — microorganisms break down the waste are the focus of this section. to produce biogas, soil amendments and materials suitable for composting. WTE conversion occurs in two basic ways. One is incineration. This typically implies burning Because MRF technologies and systems can solid waste to heat steam-powered generators vary depending on each community’s waste that produce electricity. The other way is to Modern VWUHDPSUR¿OHDQGPDQDJHPHQWJRDOVQRWZR process waste in a manner that produces gases incineration MRFs look exactly alike. and liquid fuels that are used for commercial plants: heat and power. However, the main objectives generally Waste to energy overlap: Some argue that because incineration conversion occurs in generates emissions, residue — every tonne two basic ways. One is incineration which 5HGXFHWKHYROXPHRIZDVWHWREHODQG¿OOHGof waste incinerated results in considerable amount of (about 20%) hazardous ash takes places in plants like that one above. • Improve resource recovery through containing toxic substance and heavy metals recycling and production of a degradable or that must be dealt with. It is a relatively combustible residue low-value use for previously manufactured • Stabilise all waste residuals that end up in materials, it falls outside the smart cities ODQG¿OOV sustainability emphasis. However, in India, in the interest of both hygienic waste treatment Moreover, it should be considered as a last and power generation, with sorting-recycling resort and needs to be carefully planned and prerequisite and advanced technologies WTE monitored. With these caveats in mind, let’s might be used as a stepping stone towards EULHÀ\WDNHDORRNDWZKHUH:7(LVKHDGHGDVD more sustainable options. waste management tactic. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 247 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Authority of Palm Beach County is completing WKH¿UVW:7(SODQWEXLOWLQWKH86VLQFH It will burn 99% of the municipal waste it receives and generate enough electricity for 85,000 homes. Today’s WTE advocates argue that modern LQFLQHUDWLRQIDFLOLWLHVZRUNGLϑHUHQWO\IURPROG fashioned municipal incinerators. Modern WTE facilities combust post-recycled waste in highly FRQWUROOHGDQGHϒFLHQWFRPEXVWLRQV\VWHPV that are equipped with proven air emissions FRQWUROFRPSRQHQWV VXFKDVIDEULF¿OWHUV electrostatic precipitators and scrubbers) that minimise potential emissions. Moreover, the process in modern facilities is closely monitored via control equipment, remote sensors and computers to ensure optimal combustion of the waste. Bio-Waste Energy: Incineration Other WTE technologies 0RUHRYHU6ROLG Incineration has been, and still is, the most Recovered Fuel (Refuse common way to recover energy from waste. It While incineration dominates the WTE arena, Derived Fuel - RDF) also reduces the volume of disposal waste by other technologies are emerging that may RϑHUVVLJQL¿FDQW appeal to cities where residents object to environmental and about 90%. PDUNHWRSSRUWXQLWLHVLV burning garbage. There are several state- relatively clean and can More than 800 WTE incinerators now operate in of-the-art technologies for converting MSW be traded in the market 40 countries, with the vast majority in Europe to energy. Moreover, Solid Recovered Fuel for numerous energy DQG$VLD7KHVWRU\LVIDUGLϑHUHQWLQWKH86 5HIXVH'HULYHG)XHO5') RϑHUVVLJQL¿FDQW DSSOLFDWLRQVUHSODFLQJ fossil fuels. where public concern over emissions from environmental and market opportunities, incinerators remains entrenched, even with is relatively clean and can be traded in the ever-tightening air quality regulations imposed market for numerous energy applications, by federal and state authorities. But that’s replacing fossil fuels. starting to change. In Florida, the Solid Waste Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 248 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT ZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐŐƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞŐĂƐ ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĨƌŽŵůĂŶĚĮůůƐ͗ JABALPUR BRIDGES ENERGY GAP WITH WASTE-TO-ENERGY GENERATION abalpur, the third largest city in Madhya Pradesh, Essel and Hitachi joined forces to engineer, construct has experienced steep population growth in last and operate an Energy-from-Waste plant, which is Reducing two decades. However, there was no system in entrusted with the long-term concession of municipal greenhouse gas place for hygienic disposal of solid waste. Most of waste treatment in a public-private partnership J emission from the waste collected was dumped in a crude manner in contract with the urban local body Jabalpur Municipal ODQG¿OOV the disposal site — a trenching ground, located within Corporation, without using a grant under any schemes. WKHFLW\ERXQGDULHV7KHWUDVKSLOHVFDXJKW¿UHRIWHQ which released harmful pollutants into the air. The Jabalpur project comprise of one stoker-type waste The WTE plant comprise of one stoker-type combustor for converting MSW to Energy /Compost/ waste combustor for The Municipality of Jabalpur Municipal Corporation Refuse Derived Fuel/Useful Products with a processing converting MSW to chose Council member Essel Infraprojects to capacity of 450 tonnes/day and a power output of Energy /Compost/ develop solid waste management. Essel Infra approximately 11 MW for the city of Jabalpur. The Refuse Derived Fuel/ Useful Products with projects collaborated with a consortium of leading Energy-from-Waste plant constructed in 18 months and a processing capacity HQYLURQPHQWDOV\VWHPVSURYLGHUVWRGHYHORSVFLHQWL¿F started operating in December 2015 will provide safe, RIWRQQHVGD\ integrated multi-product Municipal Solid Waste reliable waste disposal, Greenhouse gas reduction and and a power output of processing facility leading to energy recovery instead of clean renewable electricity to the city of Jabalpur. approximately 11 MW Bio Methanation. for the city of Jabalpur. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 249 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Anaerobic digestion for biogas.Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology is gaining traction in %HFDXVHJDVL¿FDWLRQDQGS\URO\VLVWHFKQRORJLHV $SULPDU\WHFKQRORJ\FKDOOHQJHDWODQG¿OOV Europe, spurred on by European and national have limited operating history of processing is managing the release of methane-rich legislation aimed at reducing municipal waste VROLGZDVWHLWLVGLϒFXOWDWWKLVWLPHIRUFLWLHV ODQG¿OOJDVFDXVHGE\WKHQDWXUDOEUHDNGRZQ JRLQJWRODQG¿OOV7KHWHFKQRORJ\UHOLHVRQ to draw conclusions about their viability. of organic material. These gases can make a anaerobic digesters that, with the help of VLJQL¿FDQWFRQWULEXWLRQWR*+*HPLVVLRQV bacteria, break down organic waste in an R[\JHQIUHHHQYLURQPHQW2QFHFRQ¿QHGWR Smart waste disposal solutions start with use on farms to break down manure waste, Dispose – smart waste disposal removal and conversion of organics from the that’s no longer the case today for AD. One ZDVWHVWUHDPEHIRUHWKH\JHWWRWKHODQG¿OO natural product of AD is biogas, which typically Solid waste is predominantly an urban contains between 60% to 70% methane. phenomenon — generating about four-fold In addition, waste managers can implement as much waste as rural areas. However, most V\VWHPVWRFROOHFWDQGXVHWKHODQG¿OO of the rural areas in India do not have any generated gas for heat or electricity *DVL¿FDWLRQDQGS\URO\VLVSome cities organised waste disposal system. DUHXVLQJDSURFHVVFDOOHGJDVL¿FDWLRQWR production. Methane captured at San Diego’s 0LUDPDU/DQG¿OOSURYLGHV RIWKHIXHO extract biogas, a fuel that contains hydrogen Waste disposal sits at the bottom of the waste to power electrical generators at the local and methane and can be used in various management hierarchy as the least preferred Metropolitan Biosolids Center and North City DSSOLFDWLRQV*DVL¿FDWLRQLQYROYHVKHDWLQJ option. Yet for many developing countries, Water Reclamation Plant. of mixed waste or derived fuels at high which now practice open dumping of trash, temperatures. Oxygen is introduced to allow WUXFNLQJZDVWHWRPDQDJHGODQG¿OOVUHSUHVHQWV %LRUHDFWRUODQG¿OOV partial oxidation, but not enough for full DFRVWHϑHFWLYHVWHSLQDGYDQFHGZDVWH combustion. In Australia, the city of Sydney is management. In this section, we look at smart 8QOLNHDWUDGLWLRQDOVDQLWDU\ODQG¿OODELRUH- SXVKLQJIRUZDUGZLWKJDVL¿FDWLRQZLWKWKHJRDO waste disposal alternatives. DFWRUODQG¿OODFFHOHUDWHVWKHGHFRPSRVLWLRQRI of producing syngas that can be fed back into a organic waste by intentionally adding liquid and natural gas grid. air to enhance microbial processes. 6DQLWDU\ODQG¿OOV Another advanced thermal WTE process is pyrolysis. It involves energy-assisted heating 7RGD\¶VVDQLWDU\ODQG¿OOVDUHHQJLQHHUHGVLWHV of waste at controlled temperatures but with no where waste is managed to prevent environ- oxygen introduced. Byproducts include volatile PHQWDOFRQWDPLQDWLRQ7KHVHODQG¿OOVLVRODWH liquids and syngas — with relative proportions waste from the environment while degrading it determined by process temperature. biologically, chemically and physically. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 250 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT :KHUHGHFRPSRVLWLRQLQDGU\ODQG¿OOFDQWDNH 30 to 50 years, the process takes only 5 to 10 \HDUVDWDELRUHDFWRUODQG¿OO%\VWHSSLQJXS the rate of decomposition, the volume of ma- WHULDOLQWKHODQG¿OOUDSLGO\VKULQNVDQGFUHDWHV space for more material. As a result, fewer new ODQG¿OOVDUHQHHGHG Managing the biological, chemical and physical SURFHVVHVRFFXUULQJLQDELRUHDFWRUODQG¿OOUH quires the use of remote monitoring networks, sensors and other sophisticated technologies. While not yet widely adopted, bioreactor ODQG¿OOVDUHJDLQLQJDWWHQWLRQGXHWRWKHSR WHQWLDOWKH\KDYHWRH[WUDFWODQG¿OOJDVHVDQG FRQYHUWWKHPWRIXHOV7KHELRUHDFWRUODQG¿OO near Ashville, North Carolina recently added a gas-to-energy operation. It’s now producing enough fuel to run a generator that powers 1,110 homes a year. Solar-capped ODQG¿OO 6RODUFDSSHGODQG¿OOV need to mow grass and replace eroding soil, but brings underutilised acreage into renewable The 48-acre Hickory :KHQDODQG¿OOFORVHVWKHVLWHLVW\SLFDO energy production. 5LGJH/DQG¿OOZDV ly sealed with a polyethylene cap and then transformed into the largest solar energy covered with several feet of compacted soil on /DQG¿OOVRODUIDUPVDUHDOUHDG\LQSODFHLQ generating facility in which grass is planted. several states in the US, including the Hickory Georgia. It is the world’s 5LGJHODQG¿OOQHDU$WODQWD*HRUJLDZLWK largest solar energy cap One alternative capping system is to cover the panels installed. The EPA and the US Depart- DQGWKH¿UVWXVHRIWKH technology as a fully buried garbage not with dirt and grass, but PHQWRI(QHUJ\DUHRϑHULQJJXLGDQFHWRODQG¿OO SHUPLWWHGODQG¿OO¿QDO with solar panels. This not only eliminates the operators and solar energy developers looking closure system. WRLQWHJUDWHVRODUSURMHFWVZLWKUHWLUHGODQG¿OOV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 251 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT initiatives. Data analytics are often required and citizens. to process and gain insights from data derivedProtecting water and public health.Open from sensors and RFID tags on trash and dumping and garbage burning are still widely recycling containers. practiced in India. These activities continue to adversely impact urban air and water quality. (ϒFLHQWDQGVDIHVROLGZDVWHPDQDJHPHQW system improves public health, safety and Uncollected garbage also takes a toll on public water as well as enhances built environment.health. Refuse on the streets collects water where insects breed and potentially spread disease. Plastic bottles and packaging left in the open leach chemicals and toxins into the Ƥsoil and water. Litter clogs and interferes with Interconnectedness waste targets the function of sewer systems. Modern waste assessment management solutions will assure citizens that air and water resources are neither Smart solid waste management enhances a contaminated nor a threat to public health. Improvements to a city’s solid waste city’s livability, workability and sustainability in management system in part depend on a variety of ways. other city systems. Transportation systems, Increasing civic pride and property values. computing resources and data analytics Smart waste management can visually and capabilities can all play a role in waste aesthetically improve communities by ensuring management. that garbage is removed and processed in Livability DQHϒFLHQWWLPHO\DQGUHVSRQVLEOHPDQQHU (ϒFLHQWWUDQVSRUWDWLRQQHWZRUNVIRUH[DPSOH Uncollected waste and litter is not only an are necessary for collection and transport Lowering costs for citizens. Use of eyesore, but also encourages people to act of debris to material and energy recovery WHFKQRORJLHVWKDW\LHOGPRUHHϒFLHQWZDVWH less responsibly about how they handle waste. IDFLOLWLHVDVZHOODVODQG¿OOV&RPSXWLQJ management — such as sensors, RFID tags Clean streets and minimised litter, on the other resources such as GIS systems are valuable and GPS to optimise collection routes — can hand, promote civic pride and higher property for planning collection routes, siting processingreduce operational costs and thereby lower values. facilities, as well as choosing locations for or help control garbage bills for residents ODQG¿OOV and businesses. Waste recovery companies that pay municipalities to recover energy and Cities with data analytics tools available can materials from their solid waste stream also also better support smart waste management KHOSRϑVHWZDVWHPDQDJHPHQWFRVWVIRUFLWLHV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 252 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Workability Establishing an appealing business environment.7LPHO\DQGHϒ FLHQWFROOHFWLRQ and removal of urban waste contributes to an attractive environment for a company’s workers and clients. Businesses that want to maintain a strong corporate image utilise advanced waste management practices — such as zero waste initiatives — and look to locate in cities that have strong waste management practices. Creating new jobs. Cities that promote waste management solutions such as material recovery facilities and waste-to-energy plants open the door to new industries and jobs. Enhancing the production and release of methane and sustainability: RWKHUODQG¿OOJDVHVLQWRWKHDWPRVSKHUH &UHDWLQJPRUHIXHOHϒFLHQWZDVWH ([WUDFWLQJPHWDOVJODVV Sustainability collection systems. New technologies that plastics and paper from involve sensors and RFID tags are enabling the municipal waste stream reduces the Recovering and reusing waste material. waste managers to better analyse and optimise resource required to Basic sustainability practices of recycling and collection routes for garbage trucks. create such materials reusing by extracting metals, glass, plastics anew. and paper from the municipal waste stream Enabling alternative energy deployments. reduces the resources required to create such Communities are beginning to use dormant materials anew. DFUHDJHFRYHULQJUHWLUHGODQG¿OOVDVORFDWLRQV for solar panel installations. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ODQG¿OOVConverting organic waste to compost and fuels reduces the amount of organic PDWHULDOJRLQJWRDODQG¿OO7KDWLQWXUQORZHUV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 253 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Solide waste targets based citizen reporting and waste management need among various city responsibilities for system. This GIS-integrated Web and Android- LPSURYHGGHPDWHULDOLVDWLRQHϑRUWV The technology targets described in this section based application can do analytics, report Create institutional framework.As being can help cities develop a smart solid waste generation and SMS alert delivery. at the end of the life-cycle chain, smart management system that uses intelligence to Achieve citizen engagement.People’s waste management should encourage circular HϒFLHQWO\DQGUHVSRQVLEO\KDQGOHUHIXVH participation is essential, and education and economy, by promoting use of fewer natural training are critical to tackle many challenges resources with innovative and technology- towards awareness building about waste driven ideas — designing, manufacturing, avoidance and diversion as well as inclusive purchasing, or using materials to reduce the resource recovery. Social capitalisation, amount or the toxicity of waste produced. Inclusivity involving communities and institutions in Stopping waste at the source, may it be the city is better way towards sustainable KRXVHKROGRULQGXVWULDOVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHV Smart cities strive to achieve an inclusive waste management. Entire community will the burden on waste disposal. waste management, where all citizens EHLQYROYHGLQWKHQHLJKERXUKRRGVSHFL¿F KDYHDFFHVVWRHϒFLHQWHϑHFWLYHDQG projects. NGOs like Green Energy Foundation, Another tactic is to steer people to buy less environmentally-safe SMW systems. Selective Pune and Exnora, Chennai help formulating with their increased wealth, and to spend more household waste collection with recycling networks involving entire communities and on experiential activities that require fewer cooperatives creates unique opportunities to creating tools to educate them, share expertise resources. Encouraging and collaborating with build more inclusive and cleaner cities. and help reduce energy consumption. Training a city planning department, private developers can be individuals at communities and schools, or NGOs will help to create such opportunities. Formulate citizen reporting framework foror commercial venture — waste reduction, segregation, composting, and growing organic outcome thinking. There is a need to bridge vegetables. The model has been successful Pursue multilateral collaboration. the gap between a municipality and its citizens in South India and able to solve the garbage Municipalities can collaborate with businesses to achieve inclusive and sustainable solid waste problem to a great extent. DQGQRQSUR¿WRUJDQLVDWLRQVWRLQLWLDWHDQG PDQDJHPHQW&URZGVRXUFLQJLVDQHϑHFWLYH LPSOHPHQWHϑHFWLYHDQGVXVWDLQDEOHZDVWH method, where citizens are encouraged to management. report waste-related activities which need urgent attention from the authorities, using Some countries and cities are leading the way. via mobile, Web or social media channels. San Francisco in California has a goal of ‘zero Accurate information reported by a proper waste’ (100% waste diversion by reduction and waste collection methodology encourages Collaborativity recycling) by 2020; already more than 55% of people to adopt a better attitude towards its waste is recycled or reused. waste prevention and source separation. For Public-private partnerships are essential for example, the city of Kota has developed a GIS- HϑHFWLYH60:DQGVRGRHVWKHFRPSUHKHQVLYH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 254 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste Management World says the report found plastic bottle recycling in the US grew HϑHFWLYHQHVVRIVSHFL¿FUHJXODWRU\DQGSULFH by 3.3% or 97 million pounds (44,000 metric waste disposal methods. Iin the 1990s, the LQVWUXPHQWVGHSHQGRQWKHVSHFL¿FHϑHFWLYH tonnes) in 2014, with the new total surpassing US Environmental Protection Agency required structure of these instruments which can be 3 billion pounds (1.36 million metric tonnes). that authorities in charge of existing municipal implemented either in the production upstream ZDVWHODQG¿OOVWRHLWKHULQVWDOOJURXQGZDWHU or downstream end: and gas monitoring programs, plus adhere to Education and involvement at an early Regulatory tax or incentive for waste DJHLVDOVRH[WUHPHO\EHQH¿FLDO$FLW\FDQ other operating standards or close down their 1. reduction.Regulatory policy instruments collaboratively organise various events and ODQG¿OOV)RUPDQ\FRPPXQLWLHVWKHSULFHWDJ that encourage ‘source reduction’ by internships, where students can participate and to meet the new requirements was too high. increasing the relative costs of waste ZLOOUHFHLYHFHUWL¿FDWHVDQGJUHHQVWDUDZDUGV ,Q7H[DVWKHQXPEHURIODQG¿OOVGURSSHGIURP production during the extraction, for their project work. Incorporating such more than 1,000 to the 100 in operation today. production and operation processes will programs within the school system can even 6LPLODUUHVWULFWLRQVDUHLQHϑHFWLQ(XURSH,Q result in decreased waste production. KDYHDZLGHUHϑHFW Germany, untreated municipal solid waste has EHHQHϑHFWLYHO\EDQQHGIURPODQG¿OOVVLQFH Mandates that limit the amount of waste June 2005. production or taxes that increase the cost of production may result in less waste Devise price instruments to reduce waste. to manage. For example, mandating Mandated and enforced regulatory policies and recycled products from construction imposing frameworks can directly restrict or and demolition (C&D) waste, making Governance modify consumption and disposal decisions by developers responsible and accountable for the businesses as well as individual consumers. good construction practices, and on-site Though there are some advanced examples of Price instruments such as disposal fees and segregation of waste, reuse and disposal 6:0LQ,QGLDPRVWRIWKHZDVWHLVODQG¿OOHG taxes can change consumption and disposal considerably reduce sourcing of new or incinerated, and still lot is unmanaged decisions indirectly by altering incentives that material. Singapore, a land-constrained — leading to open dumping. Solid waste govern behavior which change relative costs country, recycles 98 per cent of its C&D ODQG¿OOVDUHEHFRPLQJDPRXQWLQJSUREOHP DQGEHQH¿WV ²OHDGLQJWRVLJQL¿FDQWKHDOWKFRQFHUQVDQG waste. VSDFHOLPLWDWLRQ²WKRXJKVFLHQWL¿FJUHHQ Regulatory rules as well as public fee and 2. technologies have been implemented in subsidy programs can be implemented at Incentives for reuse. In the long term, FUHDWLQJODQG¿OOVPRVWRIWKHPDUHVWLOOXQOLQHGvarious stages of the lifecycle of material and governments will continue imposing tax on or undermanaged. What is needed is stringent waste dispossession decision points. North the materials, which have environmental governance and policy reforms. America, Europe and New Zealand have LQÀXHQFHGXULQJH[SORLWDWLRQDQGODQG¿OO implemented such price instruments, especially just like what they did for tyres. And these disposal fees, and the results show that as fees &UHDWHDQGPDQGDWHHϑHFWLYHUHJXODWLRQ regulatory taxes or incentives will make increases, waste generation decreases. The Stricter government regulations result in higher UHF\FOLQJSUR¿WDEOH waste management costs for non-sustainable Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 255 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT 1. Regulatory tax or incentive for waste reduction.Regulatory policy instruments result in diversion of waste away from ZDVWHIURPODQG¿OOVDQGRWKHUXQK\JLHQLF that encourage ‘source reduction’ by ODQG¿OORURWKHUGLVSRVDOPHWKRGV7KH environments, causing a threat to public increasing the relative costs of waste recycling cost includes actual cost as well health. An inclusive approach allows them production during the extraction, as the time cost. But in the long term — to access waste directly from the source. production and operation processes will with governments continuing to impose tax result in decreased waste production. on the materials and supporting policies This could be achieved in multiple ways Mandates that limit the amount of waste and infrastructure in place — the recycling — encouraging waste-pickers to organise production or taxes that increase the cost opportunities will increase and encourage themselves into cooperatives, or even of production may result in less waste HVWDEOLVKPHQWRIPRUHUHF\FOLQJ¿UPVGXHintegrating them into the system through a to manage. For example, mandating to reduced variable cost, and in turn will formal contract or the formation of public- recycled products from C&D waste, making lower overall cost for the consumer. private partnership models. developers responsible and accountable for Facilitate revenue generation for the good construction practices, and on-site Since total integration has multiple challenges, 4. city. The regulatory policy instruments segregation of waste, reuse and disposal PDQ\PXQLFLSDOLWLHVGHSOR\GLϑHUHQWLQQRYDWLYH not only assist in reducing the waste considerably reduce sourcing of new solutions, creating a parallel system within management costs, they also form sources material. Singapore, a land-constrained which waste-picker cooperatives can of revenue for the city. Publicly imposed country, recycles 98% of its C&D waste. function, and are given much better access taxes and fees towards waste prevention or to waste. They are also provided with a recycling and reuse become a substantial 2. more professional framework within which to revenue source in the near future. As cities Incentives for reuse. In the long term, work and are equipped with uniforms and ID become more sustainable, these sources governments will continue imposing tax on cards. In Chennai, the NGO Consumer Action decline, but so does the solid waste the materials, which have environmental Group (CAG) has also been working at better management cost for the city. LQÀXHQFHGXULQJH[SORLWDWLRQDQGODQG¿OO incorporating the city’s waste-pickers into a just like what they did for tyres. And these formal system. 5. regulatory taxes or incentives will make Create waste management models that UHF\FOLQJSUR¿WDEOH integrates informal elements.Some cities fully understand waste-pickers and 3. Regulatory tax or incentive for recycling scrap-dealers potential and view them as and reuse.In the short-term future, valuable resources and actively integrate Instrumentation and control UHF\FOLQJRIVRPHPDWHULDOVLVSUR¿WDEOH them in urban waste management while some are not. Regulatory policy PRGHOVDVLWFUHDWHVDPRUHHϒFLHQW Waste collection, processing and disposal instruments that mandate recycling system of waste collection and recycling. practices now include electronic devices requirements or assist in lowering the Waste-pickers who are excluded from and controls to make waste management relative cost of recycling and reuse will the formal system are forced to salvage VPDUWHDQGPRUHHϒFLHQW Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 256 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT ƌĞĂƚĞǁĂƐƚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŵŽĚĞůƐƚŚĂƚŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞƐ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂůĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͗ THREE STORIES, THREE RESULTS, BUT ONE GOAL une has managed to A Noida-based private business, Though the city of Bogota started leverage the potential of its operates as an ‘umbrella model’ implementing inclusive programs Create waste informal networks. The Pune — focusing on the entire value- only in 2013, they have executed management municipality has outsourced the chain from door-to-door collection, some progressive policies towards P models that responsibility of front-end door-to- transportation, segregation, waste-pickers. integrates informal door collection of waste to SWaCH, treatment and disposal. Under a PPP elements: a waste-picker cooperative in Pune, model, the city of Noida contracted Today, waste-pickers in the city which has around 2,300 members. the company for segregation and are treated at par with commercial disposal of MSW, that formed a collectors and are compensated for The waste-pickers are also provided with These members service 4,00,000 major part of the company revenue, their services (apart from what they a more professional households in the city. They are also while others are collection fees, earn from selling recyclables). framework within provided with a more professional and sale of recyclables to industry. which to work and are framework within which to work and As a result, the company was not equipped with uniforms are equipped with uniforms and ID only able to incorporate rag-pickers and ID cards. The company was not only cards. formally but also able to treat them able to incorporate rag- DVHPSOR\HHVRϑHULQJUHQWRIWKH pickers formally but also living units equipped with water and able to treat them as electricity, and health cost. employees. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 257 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Implement optimal instrumentation.New Connect devices with citywide, multi- types of instrumentation are gaining traction service communications. Communications fuel. GIS systems can also assist with siting in the waste management world. RFID tags systems are an essential component in new waste processing facilities and choosing better embedded in recycling bins help identify the waste technologies — RFID, GPS and GIS. ORFDWLRQVIRUODQG¿OOV types of refuse generated by citizens and help track customer participation in sorting Data transmitted from waste collection SURJUDPV$WWDFKLQJ5),'WDJVWRVSHFL¿F sensors and RFID tags typically relies on types of items aids waste sorting at municipal the presence of wireless and cellular (GPRS) Analytics recycling facilities. Evidence from Europe network services. Depending on the vendor suggests that these improvements can lower implementation, these connectivity resources With the expanded use of RFID tags, sensors collection costs by up to 40%. may be part of a citywide, multi-service and GPS data in more developed global communications platform, or they may be economies, cities now have the opportunity Smart wireless sensors embedded in public included in the vendor’s service subscription. to apply data analytics for optimising waste waste bins inform waste collectors when collection, recycling and waste processing. the container needs emptying, enabling GHYHORSPHQWRIHϒFLHQWSLFNXSVFKHGXOHV Achieve full situational awareness.As DQGURXWHVEDVHGRQWKHDFWXDO¿OOOHYHOVDQG mentioned earlier, waste characterisation KLVWRULF¿OOOHYHOSDWWHUQV Computing resourcesstudies should serve as the starting point for smart waste management initiatives. Cities Sensors are also becoming key components in and municipalities need to understand the waste processing. Scanners and optical sensors Smart SWM solutions may require that cities types and volumes of waste being generated DWPDWHULDOUHFRYHU\IDFLOLWLHVHQDEOHHϒFLHQW expand their in-house computing capabilities. from their communities and where it’s coming recyclables sorting. Sensors are also used to However, solution vendors may enable waste from. Statistical analysis of data from waste PRQLWRUODQG¿OOFRQGLWLRQV authorities to connect to their applications via web services or APIs, eliminating the necessitycollection operations, recovery facilities, city of onsite IT deployments. demographics and GIS can help cities see the big picture of their community’s waste stream. Have access to a central GIS.A GIS useful in waste management. Using GIS software, waste Achieve operational optimisation. Connectivity collectors can, for example, plot neighbourhood Application of data analytics to GPS information population density and income data against and RFID data lets haulers optimise operations Data collected by waste technology sensors household addresses to estimate volumes LQVHYHUDOUHVSHFWV7KHSULPDU\EHQH¿WLVWKDW requires transmission to servers or Web of garbage for various city sectors. That, in ZDVWHÀHHWPDQDJHUVFDQGHWHUPLQHLQUHDO services for storage, viewing, monitoring and turn, enables waste managers to develop WLPHWKHPRVWHϒFLHQWURXWLQJIRUFROOHFWLQJ analysis. HϒFLHQWFROOHFWLRQURXWHVWKDWVDYHWLPHDQG trash and recyclables. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 258 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT ĐŚŝĞǀĞĂƐƐĞƚŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ HOUSTON LOOKS TO ‘ONE BIN’ TO DIVERT WASTE espite decades of promoting recycling, the city of chairman and CEO of Organic Energy Corporation, Houston remains well below the national average. a Council member. Organic Energy, which builds 7KHFLW\¶VODQG¿OOGLYHUVLRQUDWHLVDPHUH and operates advanced material recovery facilities Achieve Dwith just 6% resulting from recycling and the (MRFs), is one of the companies interested in working operational remainder from the recovery of yard waste. with Houston to manage its one-bin waste stream. optimisation: Gitschel explains that Organic Energy’s recovery Looking to remedy the situation, Houston Mayor Annise separates items by density, size, optical characteristics, Advocates believe using Parker has led a city charge to adopt a “one bin” PDJQHWLVPDQGRWKHUPHDQVLQWRGLϑHUHQWW\SHVRI the one-bin model in conjunc- tion with materials, which can be marketed and turned into new approach to waste diversion. It would allow residents to advanced material mix trash, recyclables, yard clippings and other waste manufactured goods. recovery facilities can in one container and let a resource recovery facility transform the solid separate and process the refuse. The city of Montgomery, Alabama, recently adopted waste industry. a one-bin waste collection system in conjunction with Under the plan, the city expects the Houston recycling the opening of a $35-million materials recovery facility. rate to climb to as high as 75% in two years. It would The city has seen the recycling rate jump from 1% to also reduce pollution from garbage trucks, as there about 70% in less than a month. When composting would be fewer trips required to collect waste. and methane production is added to the facility, the material recovery rate is expected to climb to 90%. Using the one-bin model in conjunction with advanced material recovery facilities can “completely transform the global solid waste industry,” says George Gitschel, Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 259 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT ISO 37120: A yardstick for measuring city performance In 2014, the International Organisation for Standards announced an ISO standard that applies strictly to city performance. The document -- known as ISO 37120:2014 -- establishes a set of open data indicators to measure the delivery of city services DQGTXDOLW\RIOLIH,WGH¿QHVFRPPRQ Solid Waste Indicators Implement optimal instrumentation Citywide, multi-service communications data management policy Create citywide GIS access to a central Have full situational awareness Achieve optimization operational Achieve asset optimization Achieve methodologies that cities can use to measure Percentage of city population with regular solid waste collection their performance in areas such as energy, 16.1 (residential) •••• HQYLURQPHQW¿QDQFHHPHUJHQF\UHVSRQVH governance, health, recreation, safety, solid 16.2 Total collected municipal solid waste per capita •••• waste, telecommunications, transportation, Core planning, wastewater, water and sanitation 16.3 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is recycled •••• ••• In the table at right we have indicated how the 16.4 3HUFHQWDJHRIWKHFLW\¶VVROLGZDVWHWKDWLVGLVSRVHGRILQDV•••••••DQLWDU\ODQG¿OO standard related to Transportion correspond to WKH&RXQFLO¶V7UDQVSRUWDWLRQWDUJHWVLGHQWL¿HG 16.5 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of in •••••••an incinerator on the next page. 16.6 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is burned openly••••••• The ISO 37120 transporta tion indicator 16.7 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of in •••••••an open dump has cities reporting on the extent of their mass transit and non-car infrastructure, 16.8 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of by••••••• other means Supporting RYHUDOOWUDQVSRUWDWLRQVDIHW\DQGGLUHFWÀLJKW interconnectedness. 16.9 Hazardous waste generation per capita (tons) •••• 16.10 Percentage of the city’s hazardous waste that is recycled••••••• Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 260 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE MANAGEMENT TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHZDVWHPDQDJHPHQWUHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQEROGXQLYHUVDOWDUJHWVDUHQRW Enabler Waste Management Targets Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their waste management None Partial Over 50%Complete Achieve accessibility optimisation Inclusivity Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking Achieve citizen engagement Create institutional framework Collaborativity Pursue multilateral collaboration Human Human Achieve existing infrastructure optimisation Governance Formulate new supporting policy frameworks and regulatory mandates Institutional Devise price instruments to reduse waste Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 261 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE MANAGEMENT TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHZDVWHPDQDJHPHQWUHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQEROGXQLYHUVDOWDUJHWVDUHQRW Enabler Waste Management Targets Implementation Progress None Partial Over 50% How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance their waste management None Partial Over 50%Complete Instrumentation and Implement optimal instrumentation Control Embed RFID tags in recycling bins and smart wireless sensors in waste bins Connect devices with citywide, multi-service communications Connectivity Ensure wireless and cellular network services for waste data transmission Adhere to open standards Interoperability Use open integration architectures and loosely coupled interfaces Prioritize use of legacy investments Publish privacy rules Security and Privacy Create a security framework Implement cyber security TECHNOLOGY Data Management Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy Consider a cloud computing framework Use an open innovation platform Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management Achieve full situational awareness Achieve operational optimization Analytics Achieve asset optimization Pursue predictive analytics Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 262 CH 10: WASTE MANAGEMENT Health andHuman 11 Advances in information and communications technologies (ICT) will transform the delivery Services of essential health, education and other human services in powerful ways — and smart cities will ride the wave to ensure a better life for their residents. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 263 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES India’s poor health outcomes and innovation- lacking education are two major development FKDOOHQJHVLQ,QGLD:KLOHPXOWLGLPHQVLRQDO problems such as poverty and corruption are most critical and giant barriers to development, they cannot be removed without solving the SUREOHPRIOLWHUDF\ Why make health and human services smart? Epidemiology, air quality, UV radiation, health research and development, population health management, food safety, health literacy and other large-scale issues are the concern of city SXEOLFKHDOWKDJHQFLHV efore we dive too far into this chapter, OHW¶VGHDOZLWKVRPHGH¿QLWLRQV,QWKH Access to healthcare services.India has India Readiness Guide we consider humanVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUGLVHDVHVEXUGHQQRW Bservices — those that cities provide to only more than the global average but also support the wellbeing of residents, their healthconsiderably higher than other emerging and welfare, their education, the clean air theyeconomies like China, Brazil, Mexico and EUHDWKHDQGHYHQWKHIRRGWKH\HDW:KHUHDVHYHQ1HSDODQG%DQJODGHVK'LDJQRVLVDQG in previous chapters we showed how ICT treatment is just not accessible to millions of makes infrastructure smarter, in this chapter ,QGLDQV/RZDZDUHQHVVDQGSRRUDFFHVVLELOLW\ we explore how ICT empowers people to be of medical infrastructure contributes to high VPDUWHUDQGKHDOWKLHU7KHLPSRUWDQFHRIVPDUWUDWHRISUHYHQWDEOHGLVHDVHV8UEDQSRSXODWLRQV human services can’t be overstated — after all,continue to swell in India; over 30% of citizens an educated and healthy city is a wealthy and now live in cities and the trend is expected to VXFFHVVIXOFLW\ HVFDODWHUDSLGO\8QDYDLODELOLW\RIGRFWRUVDQG QXUVHVLVJRLQJWREHHYHQIXUWKHUVFDUFH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 264 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Out-of-pocket expenditure.Low insurance coverage and weak public health systems GULYHXSDYHUDJHKHDOWKFRVWV+LJKKHDOWKFDUH costs often lead people to delay treatment, DJJUDYDWLQJKHDOWKSUREOHPV Public health and human services expenditure.Public health expenditure moved XSRYHUWKHSDVWGHFDGH+RZHYHULWLVQRWMXVW the lowest in the world, but also regressive ²SRRUHVWLQFRPHFODVVEHQH¿WLQJOHDVWIURP SXEOLFKHDOWKFDUH Education supply and demand gap. According to a joint survey by aspiring minds and Nasscom in 2013, each year only 19% students enrol into higher education, either due to lack of school infrastructure or low- TXDOLW\LQVWLWXWLRQV Project-based learning and industry Public health and relevant experience.Poor emphasis on human services Public investment.Low level of investment analytical and creative learning, along with expenditure: in India in public facilities and preventive lack of hands-on project-based and industry- health facilities such as sanitation and waste relevant experience deprive students of the Public health management, as well as public care facilities knowledge that they need to succeed and expenditure moved up such as primary health centres and medical PDNHDGLϑHUHQFH over the past decade. However, it is not just SURIHVVLRQDOVOHDGVWRSRRUKHDOWKFRQGLWLRQV the lowest in the world, but also regressive — Non-communicable diseases.Lifestyle poorest income class EHQH¿WLQJOHDVWIURP diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, public health care. obesity, stress and mental health problems KDYHJURZQVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQWKHODVWGHFDGH due to changing working/living habits coupled with processed products, and are often FRQFHQWUDWHGLQXUEDQDUHDV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 265 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Making health and human services delivery smarterseveral factors that seriously strain tight doctor enters the exam room, chats with the FLW\EXGJHWV7KHHPHUJLQJGLVFLSOLQHRI SDWLHQWDQGFRQGXFWVDQH[DP7KHGRFWRUWKHQ smarter healthcare sometimes referred to WXUQVWRDNH\ERDUGWRHQWHUGDWDLQWR¿HOGVRQ There are four interrelated areas in health and as e-health or e-Care uses technology to DFRPSXWHUVFUHHQ7KHSDWLHQW¶VKHDOWKSUR¿OH human services where ICT can substantially overcome these challenges (and greatly gets electronically updated right then and LPSURYHVHUYLFHVIRUFLW\UHVLGHQWV%HFDXVH improve outcomes) in these ways: WKHUH some elements of those services are not owned E\FLWLHVWKHHϑRUWZLOOUHTXLUHSDUWLFLSDWLRQ • It broadens and deepens access to health There’s a big upside to having this digital ZLWKSXEOLFDQGSULYDWHRUJDQLVDWLRQV VHUYLFHV YHUVLRQRIDSHUVRQ¶VPHGLFDOKLVWRU\,W makes their diagnoses, lab tests, allergies, • It addresses health factors holistically, current prescriptions and other bits of health 1. Public health is the macro, citywide across a broader range of city services LQIRUPDWLRQHDV\WRVKDUHDQGPDQDJH,W view of health.Smart public health uses and departments, and by focusing on allows for coordination of their care between ICT to improve outcomes for citizens SUHYHQWLRQDQGKHDOWKLHUOLYLQJ FOLQLFLDQV,WKHOSVFRQWUROWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYH DQGFLWLHVDOLNH&LW\DJHQFLHVFDQXVH FRVWRIGHOLYHULQJFDUH$OORIWKHVHDUH sensors to collect data on air quality, • It supports better cooperation, essentials in smart healthcare and certainly in noise pollution, UV radiation, diseases collaboration and productivity between smart cities that are proactive about enhancing and a host of other factors that impact multidisciplinary and often geo-dispersed OLYDELOLW\IRUWKHLUUHVLGHQWV SXEOLFZHOOEHLQJ7KH\FDQDOVRSURDFWLYHO\ WHDPVRIKHDOWKSURIHVVLRQDOV receive health information directly from Additionally, natural user interfaces and citizens, by encouraging them to share Remote delivery of health services makes it analytics can “learn” about a patient’s health their health feedback and experiences possible for a patient to receive advice and KLVWRU\DQGVXJJHVWWDLORUHGDQGVSHFL¿F WKURXJKPRELOHDSSV7KLVGDWDFDQWKHQ treatment from a doctor without having to PHGLFDOLQWHUYHQWLRQV be analysed to detect trends and potential OHDYHKRPHRUZRUN$QGWKHGRFWRUFDQDVVHVV problems — and to inform city decision- and treat conditions in real time and with 7KHUH¶VDOVRWKHFRQYHQLHQFHIDFWRU$PRWKHU making — which might include anything PD[LPXPHϒFLHQF\7KLVLVRQHH[DPSOHRI gets a text on her smartphone that it’s time from zoning laws to emission standards to how smart cities use ICT to improve health — for her child’s vaccination; she can make mobilising health providers to respond to reaching more people in less time and using WKHDSSRLQWPHQWRQKHUSKRQHRURQD:HE DQRXWEUHDN fewer resources without compromising the SRUWDO,QVRPDQ\ZD\VLQIRUPDWLRQFDQEHD TXDOLW\RIKHDOWKRXWFRPHV powerful tool in healthcare — and ICT can help 2. Health services are how cities support get it to the people who need it, when they the mental and physical wellbeing Here’s another: Healthcare providers are QHHGLW rapidly ditching paper-based patient medical of residents.Traditional approaches UHFRUGVIRUHOHFWURQLFKHDOWKUHFRUGV (+5V $ to healthcare are being challenged by Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 266 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 3. Human services refer to a broad spectrum of easily accessed services that help people live better lives.These include services to help people deal with substance abuse, domestic violence, HIV/ AIDS, disabilities, nutrition challenges DQGSK\VLFDO¿WQHVV,WLQFOXGHVKHOSLQJ WKHKRPHOHVV¿QGEHGVWRVOHHSLQDQG G\VIXQFWLRQDOIDPLOLHV¿QGFRXQVHOOLQJ :KLOHLWLVFRPPRQIRUFLWLHVWRWUHDWKHDOWK and human services separately, smart cities integrate clients’ human services history into their health portfolio for better RXWFRPHVDQGJUHDWHUHϒFLHQF\ 4. Education and skill development are a priority in a smart city.They provide opportunities for all ages and all levels, ranging from hours at the public library to FRPSXWHUFODVVHVDWWKHVHQLRUFHQWUH. Dependencies in health and Traditional education, workforce training programs human services approaches to DQGKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQDUHDOOHVVHQWLDO healthcare are But today education is mostly stuck in the being challenged: SK\VLFDOZRUOG:LWKWKHULJKWGHSOR\PHQW :KHQSODQQLQJLPSURYHPHQWVLQWKHSXEOLF health arena, it’s important for cities to of ICT, cities can revolutionise the As urban populations connection between student and teacher, recognise dependencies between healthcare swell and people live VFKRRODQGOHDUQLQJ VHUYLFHVDQGRWKHUFLW\V\VWHPVDQGVHUYLFHV ORQJHUGHPDQGIRU health services will Clearly, public healthcare services rely heavily increase, requiring new HϒFLHQFLHVLQVHUYLFH on a city’s public safety, communications and delivery. ZDWHUV\VWHPV2QHH[DPSOH 7KHKHDOWKRID city’s population is at risk if municipal water VXSSOLHVDUHFRQWDPLQDWHG Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 267 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 2QWKHKXPDQVHUYLFHVIURQWFRQVLGHU Improving the delivery of health, education the dependencies between education and other human services.City services creating targeted prevention campaigns that and communications, energy systems are often underutilised because those most in UHDFKUHVLGHQWVDQGHQFRXUDJHWKHPWRDFW,W DQGJRYHUQPHQWDGPLQLVWUDWLYHVHUYLFHV need of them may not know they are available, can also help the medical community care for For instance, enhancing communications aren’t sure they qualify, or don’t know how PRUHSDWLHQWVZLWKEHWWHUUHVXOWV technologies and access to them can Improving accessibility and patient WRDFFHVVWKHP$QLQWHJUDWHGSHUVRQDOLVHG help conquer the “digital divide” that satisfaction.2QHRIWKHSULPDU\EHQH¿WVRI citizen portal ensures easy, on-demand access FKDOOHQJHVORZLQFRPHVWXGHQWV7KHVDPH remote delivery of healthcare services — or WRLQIRUPDWLRQSHRSOHQHHG communications technologies can improve telemedicine — is increased accessibility and DFFHVVWRUHPRWHHGXFDWLRQVHUYLFHV patient satisfaction, especially for the elderly Ensuring better, faster response to public DQGPRELOLW\FKDOOHQJHGEXWRWKHUVWRR health emergencies. The combination of smart devices, advanced and predictive ,PDJLQHLILQVWHDGRIWDNLQJWLPHRϑZRUN analytics — even social media — empower PDNLQJDWULSWRWKHGRFWRU¶VRϒFHDQGWKHQ SXEOLFKHDOWKRϒFLDOVOLNHQHYHUEHIRUH7KH\ Ƥsitting in a waiting room, you could transmit can monitor the outbreak of a disease or a human services your health data on your own time, and your hazardous fuel spill in real time, predict how physician could review it with you via a video it will spread and alert the public instantly IHHG through a wide range of communications Before we examine this chapter’s targets in FKDQQHOV detail, consider how smart health and human Telemedicine eliminates much of the hassle services enhance livability, workability and DVVRFLDWHGZLWKKHDOWKFDUH$SULPHH[DPSOHRI VXVWDLQDELOLW\ KRZZHOOWHOHPHGLFLQHFDQZRUNLVWKH¿HOGRI WHOHSV\FKLDWU\$SV\FKLDWULVWLVDEOHWKURXJK video technology, to examine a patient in much Workability WKHVDPHZD\DQRϒFHH[DPLQDWLRQZRXOG WDNHSODFH7KHSV\FKLDWULVWFDQLQWHUYLHZWKH Improved public health means fewer Livability patient, examine his or her overall appearance work hours missed. A 2012 study estimated DQGFKHFNIRUV\PSWRPVRISUREOHPV that illness cost the United States economy Providing more access to healthcare and DURXQGELOOLRQD\HDU&LWLHVWKDWXVH,&7 better disease prevention.Cities are growing $VEHQH¿FLDODVWHOHPHGLFLQHFDQEHLWPXVWEH to bolster awareness of public health issues ODUJHU$QGDVWKH\JURZH[LVWLQJPHGLFDO noted that there remain barriers to its adoption and promote remedies optimise their citizens’ resources are not always keeping pace, which — regulatory and insurance roadblocks among wellbeing, which translates into a more PHDQVDFFHVVWRWKHPEHFRPHVPRUHGLϒFXOW WKHP productive workforce and a stronger economy How can ICT help cities bridge the gap between DVDUHVXOW growing demand and available resources? By Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 268 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Smart healthcare and social services make a city more attractive to business and talent too.&LWLHVWKDWRϑHUDFFHVVWRVWDWHRI the-art healthcare and social service programs have a competitive advantage in attracting WKHFUHDWLYHFODVVRIWRPRUURZ3XWVLPSO\LI you’re a top talent, you’re not going to locate your family somewhere they’d have to leave when they needed quality health and human VHUYLFHV Sustainability 7HOHPHGLFLQHLVFRVWHϑHFWLYHBecause of its capabilities, telemedicine can help cities SURYLGHTXDOLW\FDUHZLWKIHZHUUHVRXUFHV Long-term healthcare costs drop.Intelligent devices that measure and track health FRQGLWLRQVFDQKHOSSXEOLFKHDOWKRϒFLDOV prepare targeted prevention campaigns where they are most needed throughout a Smart learning Smart education makes a city more FLW\6XFFHVVIXOFDPSDLJQVFDQUHVXOWLQORZHU means less travel: attractive to business and talent.Cities that make education a priority and use technology RYHUDOOKHDOWKFDUHFRVWV Improved service to empower current and future workers with GHOLYHU\RIHGXFDWLRQDO a superior education and continuing online Smart learning means less travel.Improved opportunities utilising education and training — particularly in high- service delivery of educational opportunities ICT cuts down on GHPDQG¿HOGVVXFKDVPDWKVFLHQFHDQG utilising ICT cuts down on travel, which travel, which promotes technology — can capitalise on this demand energy conservation and promotes energy conservation and reduces reduces pollution. to draw new businesses and investment that SROOXWLRQ EROVWHUVWKHORFDOHFRQRP\ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 269 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES UHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHDVLVWKHREMHFWLYHKHUH*LYHQ WKHQHZW\SHVRIVHUYLFHVLQYROYHGGLϑHUHQW NLQGVRILQVWUXPHQWDWLRQZLOOEHUHTXLUHG For instance in a smart city, instrumentation can include smartphones and apps that allow people to directly participate in city public health and human services monitoring by providing feedback about conditions and H[SHULHQFHV)RUH[DPSOH&RXQFLO3DUWQHU,%0 KDVFUHDWHGWKH$FFHVVLEOH:D\DSSWKDWDOORZV users to report on accessibility of their cities, and help construct a crowd-sourced knowledge EDVHDERXWXUEDQPRELOLW\FKDOOHQJHV In the healthcare, social services and education arenas, devices collect data from people for WKHPRVWSDUW7KHVHLQFOXGHGHYLFHVWKDW may monitor how patients in a study are responding to a new medication or ones that record academic progress in a new teacher’s Implement optimal FODVVURRP7KHSXUSRVHLVWRSURYLGHDFWLRQDEOH devices: GDWDWKDWFDQEHDQDO\VHGIRUWUHQGV Health and human services use instrumentation Given the new and Data-capturing devices are critical for the GLϑHUHQWW\SHVRIVHUYLFHV DQGFRQWUROLQWZRVOLJKWO\GLϑHUHQWZD\VEXW WHOHPHGLFLQHV\VWHPVPHQWLRQHGHDUOLHU LQYROYHGGLϑHUHQWNLQGV the primary mission remains the same as in Patients use devices to acquire data on their RILQVWUXPHQWDWLRQZLOOEH RWKHUFLW\UHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHDV,W¶VDOODERXW health status in the comfort of their homes required. GDWDFROOHFWLRQ DQGWKHQWUDQVPLWLWWRUHPRWHFDUHSURYLGHUV 7KLVJUHDWHUHϒFLHQF\FDQVDYHWLPHPRQH\ Implement optimal devices and other DQGUHVRXUFHV6LPLODUVDYLQJVFDQRFFXUZKHQ instrumentation for each human service. health professionals remotely monitor patients Implementing the right data-capturing devices with chronic conditions like diabetes or heart across all of a city’s health and human services GLVHDVH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 270 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Smart learning means less travel: UOH ENABLES E-LEARNING WITH NETWORK UPDATES he University of Hyderabad, located near the IT The SwitchBlade and High-density 10 GB connectivity hub of Hyderabad is a premier institution of post provided high availability, which ensured uninterrupted graduate teaching and research in India, with more DFFHVVWRRQOLQHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGVFDODELOLW\²ÀH[LELOLW\ Smart learning WKDQVWXGHQWV,WKDGDSLHFHPHDOQHWZRUN in expansion to add other IP-based services, such as T means less travel: that had been put together over time, unprepared to VHFXULW\VXUYHLOODQFHHOHDUQLQJLQQHDUIXWXUH PHHWZLWKWKHULVLQJGLJLWDOGHPDQG Deploying a end-to- 7KH$OOLHG:DUH3OXVRSHUDWLQJV\VWHPFRPELQHV end, standards-based Lack of equipment standardisation or centralised superior networking functionality, strong management solution created a management was a huge challenge for network capabilities and exceptional performance that today’s superior customer DGPLQLVWUDWRUV6ORZQHWZRUNDFFHVVQRHQGSRLQW QHWZRUNVGHPDQG$OOLHG7HOHVLVWHFKQRORJLHVZLWK experience and made security and multiple points of failure created a lack of IHDWXUHVOLNHKLJKHϒFLHQF\SRZHUVXSSOLHVORZSRZHU WKH8R+FRQ¿GHQW UHOLDELOLW\:LWKPRGHUQGLJLWDORQOLQHOLEUDU\UHVRXUFHV FKLSVHWVDQG(&26ZLWFKEXWWRQPLQLPLVHGWKHWRWDO in its new network e-learning, virtual desktops and private cloud-based FRVWDQGHQVXUHGDQHQYLURQPHQWIULHQGO\QHWZRUN infrastructure and computing, the university needed a highly reliable potential of easy network that could provide various user groups with Deploying a comprehensive end-to-end, standards- move to IPv6 HDV\DQGVHFXUHDFFHVVWRRQOLQHUHVRXUFHV6FDODELOLW\ based solution, total network access control for QHWZRUNLQJ ZDVDQLPSRUWDQWFULWHULRQIRUIXWXUHJURZWK GLϑHUHQWXVHUVZLWKSRZHUIXOHGJHVHFXULW\IHDWXUHVIXOO interoperability with other major network equipment, The university deployed Network Management System and improved usability created a superior customer 106 DQG$OOLHG:DUH3OXVIURP&RXQFLOPHPEHU$OOLHG experience and made the University of Hyderabad 7HOHVLVZKLFKVLPSOL¿HGWKHQHWZRUNDGPLQLVWUDWLRQDQG FRQ¿GHQWLQLWVQHZQHWZRUNLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQG PDQDJHPHQW SRWHQWLDORIHDV\PRYHWR,3YQHWZRUNLQJ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 271 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES And the opportunity to use ICT for real time, interactive check-ups allows physicians to important that citizens are able to trust that deliver emergency medical help that can save the information they share with programs and lives where more time-consuming traditional services via smartphones, social media and PHGLFLQHPD\EHWRRODWH the like — and particularly potentially sensitive SHUVRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQ²UHPDLQVSULYDWH In education, there are many ways to improve RXWFRPHVWKURXJK,&7$SSO\LQJGDWDDQDO\WLFV To drive that point home, a trust survey found to test results, attendance and graduation RQO\RISDUWLFLSDQWVEHOLHYHGWKHEHQH¿WV UDWHVFDQKHOSSLQSRLQWSUREOHPVDQGWUHQGV of their smart devices were more important Today’s smart devices combined with all WRWKHPWKDQWKHLUSHUVRQDOSULYDF\,QRWKHU PDQQHURI:HEDSSVDQGVRFLDOPHGLDWRROV words, the great majority thought their privacy connect students to teachers, to other students was more important than the convenience of and to diverse learning opportunities in ways WKHLUVPDUWGHYLFHV QHYHULPDJLQHGDIHZVKRUW\HDUVDJR 7KHVHFXULW\UHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWKDWIROORZRϑHU In one example, e-learning with combination a common sense approach to resolving privacy of visionary leadership and instrumentation LVVXHV helped public schools reduce the digital divide and improved the creativity and innovative Publish privacy rules. Smart cities should let VSLULWVVLJQL¿FDQWO\,QDQRWKHUH[DPSOH residents know what they are doing to protect school-owned smartphones that allowed a WKHLUSULYDF\ Create a security 24/7 wireless connection to teachers improved framework: DOJHEUDSUR¿FLHQF\UHVXOWVE\ Create a security framework.A smart risk $VPDUWULVNPLWLJDWLRQ mitigation strategy designed to identify and VWUDWHJ\GHVLJQHGWRLGHQWLI\ deal with threats will give cities the tools to and deal with threats will SUHYHQWVHFXULW\EUHDFKHV give cities the tools to prevent security breaches. Privacy and security :KLOHWHFKQRORJLHVGULYHWKHJURZWKRI convenient new products and services, those same technologies have raised privacy FRQFHUQVLQPDQ\DUHDV,WLVFULWLFDOO\ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 272 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŵĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ: NEW ERA IN HEALTHCARE FOR MAGNOLIA REGIONAL CENTRE hen Magnolia Regional Medical Center, owned by The integrated healthcare communications solution the City of Magnolia in Southwestern Arkansas, combined ease of use with advanced features and Implement optimal replaced a 75-year-old hospital with a brand options has reduced errors, accelerated response time, devices and other new facility, it needed an advanced healthcare DQGKHOSHGLPSURYHVWDϑUHVSRQVLYHQHVV,3YLGHR W instrumentation: FRPPXQLFDWLRQVDQGOLIHVDIHW\VROXWLRQ surveillance, access control system and video intercom, internal communications systems that include wireless The integrated healthcare The medical center,for being a relative small, rural SDJLQJYLGHR:L)LWHOHSKRQLQJKDVSURYLGHGDQ communications solution KRVSLWDOWKDWRϑHUVPXOWLWXGHRIPHGLFDOVXUJLFDO DGYDQFHG¿UHGHWHFWLRQDQGDODUPV\VWHPZHOOVXLWHG FRPELQHGHDVHRIXVH specialties, infant care, family medical care needed IRUKHDOWKFDUHIDFLOLWLHV ZLWKDGYDQFHGIHDWXUHV a single-source solution to help the hospital enhance and options has reduced VDIHW\VHFXULW\VWDϑUHVSRQVLYHQHVVDQGHϒFLHQF\DQG Tyco’s quick installation within six months allowed the errors, accelerated response time, and SDWLHQWVDWLVIDFWLRQ PHGLFDOFHQWUHWREHRSHUDWLRQDOVZLIWO\$OOLQFOXVLYH KHOSHGLPSURYHVWDϑ support provided by Tyco helped the administration to responsiveness. The medical centre installed a number of advanced WUDQVLWLRQLQWRDQHZV\VWHPVHDPOHVVO\7KHVLQJOH technology systems, including a packaged source solution with end-to-end capabilities is highly communications and life-safety solution from Council YDOXHGE\WKHDGPLQLVWUDWLRQWKHVWDϑDQGFRPPXQLW\ PHPEHU7\FR6LPSOH[*ULQQHOO Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 273 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Combat cyber security threats.Security Create and adhere to a citywide data professionals have warned of a dramatic rise management, transparency and sharing in the number of cyber attacks against critical policy. Again, due to the sensitive nature of infrastructure — ranging from electric grids :HWDONHGHDUOLHUDERXWKRZSXEOLFKHDOWK data involving health and human services, it and the transportation system to hospitals and agencies use smart devices and other goes without saying that a policy needs to be RWKHUSURYLGHUVRINH\VHUYLFHV,PSOHPHQWLQJ instrumentation to collect data about air very explicit about who owns which data sets, a cyber security network as soon as possible TXDOLW\GLVHDVHRXWEUHDNVDQGWKHOLNH who has access, how it can be shared and will enhance the safety of personal information &ROOHFWLQJLWLVRQO\DVWDUWLQJSODFH ZKHQLWVKRXOGQRWEHVKDUHG ²DQGUHGXFHLWVFRVW Connect devices with citywide, multi- :KHQFLWLHVDGRSWDQRSHQGDWDSROLF\IRUQRQ sensitive information, they unleash enormous Take precautions to protect patient and service communications.Connecting the SRVVLELOLWLHV,QFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKDVWURQJDQG student data.Remove personally identifying smart devices deployed around cities for clear privacy policy, city health and human information from data that is to be stored in public health data-capture to a citywide services data can be used to create new the cloud to protect their privacy if the data is communications system is important for health, social services and education apps for VWROHQRUFRPSURPLVHG realising improved public health outcomes in the same way that smart gas or water FLWLHVDQGUHVLGHQWV These steps will not only provide protection for meters must be connected to optimise those LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV:DWHUTXDOLW\PRQLWRUVWKDW sensitive personal information, they will also go Architect a single health history for a long way toward minimising privacy concernsdetect a chemical leak that could contaminate citizens. As we mentioned earlier, smart cities residents may have about using relatively a popular swimming beach aren’t useful unless integrate personal health data from their new services such as telemedicine and other the information is communicated in real time to GLϑHUHQWDJHQFLHVDQGGHSDUWPHQWVVRWKDW advanced ICT-based technologies that may not all of the city departments that might need to SDWLHQWVFDQHQMR\WKHEHQH¿WVRIDVLQJOH be new, but are unfamiliar to residents asked JHWLQYROYHG KHDOWKKLVWRU\ WRXVHWKHP This repository can be more than passive By taking these steps, cities will do much storage — it can be an online, security- to assuage potential privacy concerns that enhanced storage, sharing and services could become a barrier to telemedicine or Data management SODWIRUPWKDWFLWL]HQVFDQDFFHVV other advances in health and human services WHFKQRORJLHVGHVLJQHGWRKHOSWKHP To reinforce the privacy and security strategies highlighted in the previous section, smart cities will want to make sure all departments are IROORZLQJWKHVDPHUXOHV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 274 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ƌĞĂƚĞĂƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ: WORKFORCE OPTIMIZATION BRINGS POSITIVE IMPACTS TO ELLIS MEDICINE ocated in upstate New York, Ellis Medicine is one of 7KHIROORZLQJ:RUNIRUFH2SWLPL]DWLRQVROXWLRQVIURP the largest providers serving the Albany, Troy and API Healthcare, Council member GE Healthcare 6FKHQHFWDG\FRPPXQLWLHV7KHSURGXFWRIDVWDWH Company, provided Ellis Medicine a centralised view Create a security Lmandated consolidation of three area hospitals, — timely data information about human resources framework: Ellis Medicine comprises four campuses and 10 service DQGSD\UROOVWDϒQJDQGVFKHGXOLQJDQGWLPHDQG ORFDWLRQV:LWKEHGV(OOLVVXSSRUWVDZRUNIRUFHRI DWWHQGDQFH Newly acquired SOXVDϒOLDWHGSK\VLFLDQV FDSDELOLW\DQGÀH[LELOLW\ 1HZO\DFTXLUHGFDSDELOLW\DQGÀH[LELOLW\RIDGMXVWLQJ RIDGMXVWLQJDQG Ellis Medicine needed a workforce management DQGUHGHSOR\LQJZRUNIRUFHVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHG UHGHSOR\LQJZRUNIRUFH VLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHG technology to support the mandated consolidation overtime expenses, nearly 50%, which equated to overtime expenses, RIWKUHHKRVSLWDOVLQWRDVLQJOHHQWLW\'XULQJWKH DVDYLQJVRIDOPRVWPLOOLRQ3D\UROOSURFHVVLQJ nearly 50%, which transition, transparency and accountability were LPSURYHGVXEVWDQWLDOO\ZLWKHUURUUDWHRIRQO\ HTXDWHGWRDVDYLQJVRI SULRULWLHV (OOLV0HGLFLQHDOVRH[SHULHQFHGVLJQL¿FDQWGHFUHDVHLQ almost $2 million. XQVFKHGXOHGDEVHQFHV The solution needed to focus on integration, FRQVROLGDWLRQDQGWUDQVSDUHQF\WRHϑHFWLYHO\PDQDJH Ellis Medicine, in collaboration with GE, displayed the transition from three distinct organisations to a exemplarily how software, data and analytics can VLQJOHHQWLW\ZLWKDVLQJOHVWURQJFRUSRUDWHFXOWXUH SRVLWLYHO\LPSDFWSDWLHQWRXWFRPHV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 275 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Have access to a central GIS.:LWKKHDOWK and human service agencies spread out in many parts of a city, a GIS will prove useful for There’s nowhere in a smart city that computingVPDUWFLWLHV$FHQWUDO*,6HQDEOHVHϒ FLHQF\ UHVRXUFHVDUHQ¶WDPDMRUSOD\HU%HORZLVD gains through more intelligent scheduling quick refresher on four targets to consider in aand routing, provides improved accuracy of KHDOWKDQGKXPDQVHUYLFHVFRQWH[W essential records and boosts resiliency of key DVVHWV Consider a cloud computing framework. &ORXGFRPSXWLQJKDVEHFRPHPRUHDϑRUGDEOH Have access to comprehensive device DQGPRUHSUHYDOHQW6PDUWFLWLHVRIDOOVL]HV management. It’s important to include may see advantages in the cloud’s scalability, devices used by health and human services UHOLDELOLW\DQGFRVW+RZHYHUDVZHPHQWLRQHGZRUNHUVLQWKH¿HOG²VPDUWSKRQHVODSWRSV HDUOLHUEHIRUHXSORDGLQJSHUVRQDOO\LGHQWL¿DEOHHWF²DVSDUWRIDFLW\¶VGHYLFHPDQDJHPHQW health and human services data to the cloud, system to ensure they comply with city data VWHSVPXVWEHWDNHQWR¶GHLGHQWLI\µLW PDQDJHPHQWVHFXULW\DQGSULYDF\SROLFLHV Use an open innovation platform.An open LQQRYDWLRQSODWIRUPHPSRZHUVLQQRYDWRUV Analytics And the possibilities in the health and human VHUYLFHVDUHQDDUHOLPLWOHVV,Q0XPEDLIRU The four targets highlighted here demonstrate example, residents can download an app that how analytics are particularly important as provides all sorts of useful information about cities monitor trends and developments in local restaurants — including grade they SXEOLFKHDOWK Smart learning UHFHLYHGLQUHFHQWKHDOWKLQVSHFWLRQV enhances sustainability: Achieve full situational awareness.Smart Adhere to open standards (and help cities use monitoring devices to take the Improved service develop them). A number of information SXOVHRIWKHFLW\DQGLWVSHRSOH6LWXDWLRQDO delivery that utilizes technology standards organisations have healthDZDUHQHVVDLGVWKDWHϑ RUWE\LQFUHDVLQJWKH ICT cuts down on working groups, and a few standards groups reliability and resiliency of the public health travel, which promotes infrastructure and those monitoring devices, WKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRI DUHGHGLFDWHGWRHϒFLHQWFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQWKH allowing for quick response to incidents that energy resources. KHDOWKLQGXVWU\+HDOWKUHODWHGVWDQGDUGVDUH still emerging, and cities have a stake in their WKUHDWHQSXEOLFKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJ RXWFRPH*URXSVZHOFRPHWKHLUSDUWLFLSDWLRQ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 276 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES hƐĞĂŶŽƉĞŶŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ ƉůĂƞŽƌŵ͗ WIRELESS VIDEO SOLUTION HELPS HOSPITAL PATIENTS COMMUNICATE WITH DOCTORS z UDGIRUG5R\DO,Q¿UPDU\DQG6W/XNH¶V+RVSLWDO VHWRIODQJXDJHV+RZHYHUWKHVHLQWHUSUHWHUVZHUH DUHWHDFKLQJKRVSLWDOVLQWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRPWKDW not always available at short notice, so clinicians were Use an open serve the healthcare needs of 500,000 citizens, of often forced to communicate via patients’ relatives and innovation which 22% are from black or minority ethnic (BME) IULHQGV B platform: RULJLQV0DQ\RIWKHPGRQRWVSHDNRUXQGHUVWDQG English, a situation that often resulted in patient The alternative was to use a telephone interpreting A wireless video solution FRPPXQLFDWLRQSUREOHPVDWWKHKRVSLWDOV agency, but this approach was expensive and unpopular allows two UK hospitals ZLWKPHGLFDOVWDϑEHFDXVHLWODFNHGWKHYLVXDO to provide much-needed :LWKRYHU EHGVDQGVWDϑFROOHFWLYHO\WKHVH LQWHUDFWLRQQHHGHGLQDSDWLHQWFRQVXOWDWLRQ interpretive services two busy hospitals deal with over 120,000 accident and to patients on a timely emergency (A&E) attendances a year, nearly 50% of In addition to inconsistency and expense, these basis, providing a better patient experience with ZKRDUHHVWLPDWHGWREHIURPWKH%0(FRPPXQLWLHV PHWKRGVRILQWHUSUHWDWLRQKDGRWKHUGLVDGYDQWDJHV OHVVULVNRILQFRUUHFW Using non-professionals increased the risk of treatment or cultural (ϑHFWLYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQGRFWRUVQXUVHV misinterpretation, which could create potential risks RϑHQVHGXHWRODQJXDJH and patients is vital, but interpretation services were ZKHQGHOLYHULQJPHGLFDOFDUH6LPLODUO\XVLQJD issues – and also reducing hospital costs. LQFRQVLVWHQW)RUIDFHWRIDFHFRQVXOWDWLRQVFOLQLFLDQV male interpreter could be embarrassing for women, used in-house interpreters or hired interpreters from SDUWLFXODUO\LIWKHLUFRQGLWLRQZDVRIDVHQVLWLYHQDWXUH their professional register, who specialised in a core Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 277 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 7KDW¶VZKHQWKH\FDPHXSZLWKWKHLGHDRIYLGHRLQWHUSUHWLQJ7KH\ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ8VLQJDPRXVHFOLQLFLDQVVHOHFWWKHODQJXDJHWKH\ already used wired and wireless networks from Council member UHTXLUHDQGWKHSUHIHUUHGJHQGHURIWKHLQWHUSUHWHU7KHV\VWHPXVHV Cisco, so they consulted experts from the Cisco Healthcare Team to one of the hospital’s 350 Cisco wireless access points to connect to a KHOSGHVLJQDZLUHOHVVEDVHGYLGHRVROXWLRQ$SURRIRIFRQFHSWZDV GHGLFDWHGWHDPRILQWHUSUHWHUVZKRFRQVWLWXWHLQHϑHFWDVPDOOFRQWDFW subsequently arranged to thoroughly test the Cisco solution and gather FHQWUH7RKHOSHQVXUHTXDOLW\RIVHUYLFHVYLGHRLQWHUSUHWLQJVHUYLFHVDUH IHHGEDFNIURPERWKFOLQLFLDQVDQGSDWLHQWV VHJUHJDWHGIURPRWKHUWUDϒFRQWKHZLUHOHVVQHWZRUN 7KHUHVXOWLVDÀHHWRIWUROOH\EDVHGLQWHUSUHWLQJHQGSRLQWVZKLFKDUH The primary focus is to make hospital services more accessible to powered by battery packs, allowing easy transportation to any hospital QRQ(QJOLVKVSHDNHUVEXWDKRVSLWDORϒFLDOHVWLPDWHVWKHVROXWLRQZLOO ORFDWLRQ7KHWUROOH\RϑHUVDVLPSOHNH\ERDUGDQGVFUHHQZLWKYLGHR UHGXFHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQFRVWVE\ 6LWXDWLRQDODZDUHQHVVGHSHQGVRQGLϑHUHQW systems being able to communicate about Achieve asset optimisation.The objective alert residents as to how they can protect ¶ZKHUHµDQG¶ZKHQ¶7KXVRSHQVWDQGDUGV here is to ensure maximum value is extracted WKHPVHOYHV$VZH¶YHVDLGSUHGLFWLYHDQDO\WLFV for encoding, discovering, assessing and from a city’s investments in health and human can also help people understand what their using spatial and temporal data play a key services infrastructure — which includes own health might look like in the future, role in health and human services analytics HYHU\WKLQJIURPFRPSXWHUVLQRϒFHVWR¿HOG RϑHULQJLQFHQWLYHIRUEHKDYLRXUFKDQJHV DSSOLFDWLRQV devices that monitor parameters like water TXDOLW\DWSXEOLFEHDFKHV&DOFXODWLQJSUHFLVHO\ In one example, using predictive analysis which assets should be replaced or repaired tools based on Council member Microsoft and when helps achieve maximum return on Achieve operational optimisation.Analytics Technologies, a district is providing LQYHVWPHQW help cities ensure the best possible public comprehensive data snapshots of student KHDOWKRXWFRPHV)RUH[DPSOHWKH\PD\ VXFFHVVLQGLFDWRUV7KHFRPELQDWLRQRI reveal a sudden shift in air quality in a Pursue predictive analytics.Analysing health visionary leadership and data analytics, based particular part of a city that requires corrective and human services data to spot patterns on student grades, attendance, health records, DFWLRQ2UDQDO\VLVRIKHDOWKUHFRUGVPD\ and trends and taking action before situations and other data, helped measure the students’ reveal an abnormally high number of lung ZRUVHQFDQPDNHDFLW\PRUHOLYDEOH%\ SHUIRUPDQFHVDQGLGHQWL¿HGDQDO\WLFDOUHDVRQV cancer cases in a community, prompting an monitoring the path and characteristics of RIVWXGHQWV¶VWUXJJOHV²WKLVHϑRUWVUHVXOWHG LQYHVWLJDWLRQE\SXEOLFKHDOWKRϒFLDOV DYLUXVIRULQVWDQFHSXEOLFKHDOWKRϒFLDOV in improving the graduation rates from 55% to can predict where it will strike next and Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 278 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ĐŚŝĞǀĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ OSAKA HOSPITAL ACHIEVES HIGH- PERFORMANCE GOAL LWKPRUHWKDQEHGV2VDND5HG&URVV New wireless network access using Extricom TM Series Hospital, the largest in the Japanese Red Cross wireless technology from Allied Telesis, for seamless Achieve operational VRFLHW\LVDOVRFHUWL¿HGDVDQHPHUJHQF\FDUH roaming between hospital wards and the easy real-time optimisation: Wcentre, regional cancer centre and is involved in entry of patient data, is proving to be a perfect solution GLVDVWHUUHOLHI7KHKRVSLWDOKDGH[SHULHQFHGRQJRLQJ IRUKLJKO\PRELOHXVHUV The new electronic network problems with inconsistent communication, patient record system and low performance due to many departmental The new electronic patient record system uses new uses new wireless systems — around 1,300 terminals — sharing the wireless connectivity to update patient records in real- connectivity to update +HDOWKFDUH,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP +,6 QHWZRUN WLPHULJKWDWWKHEHGVLGH7KH$OOLHG9LHZ106QHWZRUN patient records in manager centralises and monitors the entire network, real-time, right at the bedside. The AlliedView As well as wanting to improve its network performance, while iBAQS network authentication appliance ensures 106QHWZRUNPDQDJHU the hospital was also in the process of introducing the security of data held in HIS, by preventing access centralises and monitors a comprehensive electronic patient record system, IURPXQDXWKRULVHGGHYLFHV WKHHQWLUHQHWZRUN and needed a smooth transition from its old paper UHFRUGNHHSLQJ2VDND5HG&URVV+RVSLWDOXSJUDGHG 2VDND5HG&URVV+RVSLWDOZLWKLWVQHZKLJKSHUIRUPLQJ its network with Council member Allied Telesis network, providing stable and reliable access, now lives VROXWLRQ7KHQHZQHWZRUNIHDWXUHVUHOLDELOLW\DQGKLJK up to its goal — to perform advanced healthcare for all SHUIRUPDQFHDQGLVHDV\WRPDQDJH LQDKHDUWIHOWPDQQHU Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 279 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ͕͖͔͗͛ǣ In 2014, the International 2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU Standards announced DQ,62VWDQGDUGWKDW Implement optimal instrumenation Citywide, multi-service communications data for research in cloud patient De-identify Architect single health history for citizens data for research in cloud student De-identify data management policy Create citywide GIS access to central Have analytics Pursue predictive full situational analysis Achieve applies strictly to city Average life expectancy SHUIRUPDQFH7KH •••• • • document -- known Number of in-patient hospital beds per 100,000 population•••• • • DV,62 -- establishes a set of open data indicators to Core Number of physicians per 100,000 population •••• • • measure the delivery of city services and quali- 8QGHUDJH¿YHPRUWDOLW\SHUOLYHELUWKV W\RIOLIH,WGH¿QHVFRPPRQPHWKRGRORJLHV •••• • • that cities can use to measure their perfor- Number of nursing and midwifery personnel per 100,000 population •••• • • mance in areas such as energy, environment, ¿QDQFHHPHUJHQF\UHVSRQVHJRYHUQDQFH Number of mental health practitioners per 100,000•••• population • • health, recreation, safety, solid waste, telecom- munications, transportation, urban planning, Support Suicide rate per 100,000 population •••• • • ZDVWHZDWHUZDWHUVDQLWDWLRQDQGPRUH In the table at right we have indicated how the Percentage of female school-aged population enrolled in schools standard related to Transportion correspond to •• •• •• WKH&RXQFLO¶V7UDQVSRUWDWLRQWDUJHWVLGHQWL¿HG Percentage of students completing primary education: survival rate •• •• •• RQWKHQH[WSDJH7KH,62WUDQVSRUWD Core Percentage of students completing secondary education: tion indicator has cities reporting on the extent survival rate ••• • •• of their mass transit and non-car infrastructure, RYHUDOOWUDQVSRUWDWLRQVDIHW\DQGGLUHFWÀLJKW Primary education student/teacher ratio •• •• •• LQWHUFRQQHFWHGQHVV Percentage of male school-aged population enrolled•• in schools •• •• Percentage of school-aged population enrolled in ••schools •• •• Suppo. Number of higher education degrees per 100,000•• population •• •• Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 280 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHKHDOWKDQGKXPDQVHUYLFHVUHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQboldXQLYHUVDOWDUJHWVDUHQRW Enabler Health and Human Services Targets: Implementation Progress N How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance health and human services None Partial Over 50%Complete Achieve accessibility optimization (Supplement: web accessibility Inclusivity Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking Achieve citizen engagement Create institutional framework Collaborativity Pursue multilateral collaboration Human Human Achieve existing infrastructure optimization Governance Improve the governance of services Institutional Facilitate revenue generation for the city Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 281 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHKHDOWKDQGKXPDQVHUYLFHVUHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQboldXQLYHUVDOWDUJHWVDUHQRW Enabler Health and Human Services Targets: Implementation Progress None Partial Over 50% How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance health and human services None Partial Over 50%Complete Instrumentation and Implement optimal instrumentation Control Connectivity Connect devices with citywide, multi-service communications Adhere to open standards Interoperability Use open integration architectures and loosely coupled interfaces Prioritize use of legacy investments Publish privacy rules Create a security framework Security and Privacy Implement cyber security De-identify patient and student data for storage and research in the cloud Technology Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy Data Management Architect a single health history for citizens Consider a cloud computing framework Use an open innovation platform Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management Achieve full situational awareness Achieve operational optimization Analytics Achieve asset optimization Pursue predictive analytics Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 282 CH 11: HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Safety 12 Making a city safe by improving safety services and accountability is undoubtedly essential to reinforce personal safety, reduce fear and ensure socio-economic growth. Well-connected and citizen-centric intelligent surveillance mechanisms and safety systems enhance city performance on safety and security for citizens to thrive as a city. Today’s advanced technologies are keeping the city’s protectors — and their communities — safer. A secured city will bring investment and lead job opportunities and related economic growth. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 283 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY he accelerating lucrative employment the burgeoning number of cars, footpaths are opportunities and innovation in cities is getting narrower and dysfunctional due to not only increasing urban population in disregarded repairs and development in most Tthese economic growth centres, but also of the cases. The situation is compounded escalating public crimes — ranging from petty further by informal vendor encroachments, crimes to public crimes against women to lethal forcing people to walk on roads and resulting in terrorist attacks. As the urban population and a rise in accidents. gross domestic product (GDP) continue to rise, the increasing population and mass migration In the Readiness Guide, public safety IXUWKHUWKHDQRQ\PLW\DQG¿JKWLQJFULPHZLOO includes all the infrastructure, agencies and become even more complex. personnel that cities call on to keep their FLWL]HQVVDIH²SROLFHDQG¿UHGHSDUWPHQWV A safe city/public safety is a key pillar for a WUDϒFPDQDJHPHQWDQGPDVVWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ smart city. With increasing crime in cities and systems, disaster prevention personnel, public additional pressure due to rapid urbanization, it and private emergency management services, has become very important for modernize and surveillance and monitoring agencies, safety take integrated approach towards public safety courts, correction facilities, NGOs and other Public safety is to provide safe and secure environment for QHLJKERXUKRRGZDWFKJURXSV¿UHK\GUDQWVDQG a key pillar for a citizens and business in a smart city. squad cars. It’s a lengthy list that may include smart city: infrastructure and resources from other city The mega cities in India, which includes the top departments and non- city agencies and even 53 cities with population more than 1 million, private citizens. Road safety is conceivably the most commonlyraised have extremely high crime rate — the average concern by citizens in rate of crime in urban agglomeration centres is Smart cities are making good use of the India. Very few Indian 345.9 (Crime Incidence per lakh population), intelligence generated by all the connected cities can boast of roads which is 60% higher than the national average entities for faster and better decision making. WKDWRϑHUDVDIHMRXUQH\ to its inhabitants. crime rate of 215.5, according to recent Smarter cities around the world empower these National Crime Records Bureau statistics. agencies and personnel with information and communications technologies (ICT) to create Road safety is conceivably the most “smart public safety” and greatly improve commonlyraised concern by citizens in India. safety outcomes. The brief scenario at right Very few Indian cities can boast of roads illustrates the smart public safety concept. WKDWRϑHUDVDIHMRXUQH\WRLWVLQKDELWDQWV Though there is a heavy focus on car-driven infrastructure development to accommodate Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 284 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY *HQHUDWLQJSXEOLFVDIHW\GDWDLVD¿UVWVWHS in realizing intelligence. Why make safety and FRJQL]DEOHRϑHQFHV&DWFKLQJWKHVHFULPLQDOV Many cities will have security smart? requires combining and analysing data from amuch of this data as well as mechanisms for variety of sources, national and international,generating it in place already. It’s what we call legacy information, or legacy investments. Multi-agency cooperation.As we have seen public and private. Think of your own criminal database and in the earlier section, there are multitudes UHFRUGVWKDWLQFOXGH¿QJHUSULQWVPXJVKRWV of public, private and non-governmental video evidence and so on. Smart cities agencies — local, state and also national and It’s about the data augment existing sensors with others to obtain even international — that are working hard to all relevant information in their environment. respond to emergencies. Therefore, there is a At its core, smart public safety is all about the Sensors might include CCTV, other video pressing need to create a seamless platform use of “intelligence” — information that helps sensors or audio sensors. for various agencies to collaborate cross- people make better decisions. For example, departments and even cross-borders. intelligence might hint at the identity of a But this data alone isn’t enough to create criminal. Or it might suggest to emergency actionable intelligence. Cities must augment it Deciding factor.Providing a safe and secure SHUVRQQHOWKDWDZLOG¿UHLVOLNHO\WRRFFXURQ with many other data sources, traditional and environment to live and work for citizens the outskirts of town. This kind of public safetynon-traditional. In fact, accessing the universe and business is the key responsibility of intelligence creates immeasurable value not of relevant public safety data is absolutely city government. Safety and security are RQO\WR¿UVWUHVSRQGHUVEXWWRFLW\UHVLGHQWV critical for improving safety outcomes. Public SHUKDSVWKHPRVWLQÀXHQFLQJIDFWRUVZKLOH and businesses too. As cities become safer, safety requires close cooperation and data choosing where to stay or work. However, people are happier and healthier, businesses sharing across city departments. Police might high crime rates decrease property values take note and tax revenue increases. need access to drivers’ licence records from and attractiveness of economic and social DOLFHQVLQJGHSDUWPHQW2U¿UHSHUVRQQHO environment for the citizens, and ultimately /HW¶VORRNDWIRXUVSHFL¿FZD\V,&7HQDEOHG might need to understand weather data from losing to attract the investments for the growth smart cities improve public safety outcomes: a meteorological agency housed in an energy of the city. department. • Generating their own public safety data Escalating crime rate.Criminals are • Accessing the universe of relevant data becoming more organised and sophisticated, • Correlating data sources to create and increasingly function in a boundary-less intelligence environment, operating locally, nationally and • Delivering intelligence to decision makers internationally. According to the National Crime Records Bureau of India report, there has been a tremendous increase — around 300% since 1950 and about 2.5% annually since 2011 — in Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 285 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Using ICT to create intelligence: After being held at JXQSRLQWRQDFLW\ street, Shayan Pahlevani FRIRXQGHGDFRPSDQ\ that makes the free &ULPH3XVKDSSWKDWOHWV VPDUWSKRQHXVHUVSXVK DEXWWRQWRUHSRUWD FULPHLQSURJUHVV Accessing the universe of relevant data aidsSmart cities employ ICT to correlate data Finally, smart cities deliver this intelligence decision making. Local, states, and national and create intelligence. Computing power to decision makers.Public safety intelligence governments and their agencies keep records. and analytics transform otherwise useless piles is about saving lives and property, so it must Even international organisations like Interpol of data into decisions, insight and foresight. be accessible “no matter where, no matter keep records. And relevant information can For example, armed with this intelligence, what.” With ICT, smart public safety agencies come from non-traditional sources as well — smart cities predict crime, so that their law can disseminate intelligence to multiple the wealth of data that exists in social media. enforcement agencies can better protect departments and thouszands of employees so By 2030 every city asset, across much of the FLWL]HQVDQGPDNHPRUHHϒFLHQWXVHRI there is a common operating picture. world, might be sending data in an Internet resources. of Things. Smart public safety agencies seek On the law enforcement side of public safety, access to all of it, for every new piece of Additionally, thanks to the open government intelligence will often lead to arrests, and the data that a city has access to makes their movement discussed in the Universal chapter, involvement of city courts and corrections intelligence that much stronger and precise. we’re seeing more and more crime data systems. ICT plays a role in these systems as making its way into applications that everyday well. Proper data management systems can Accessing all of this information is both a big citizens can use. Buying a house and want to KHOSFRXUWVPDNHHϑHFWLYHXVHRIWKHHQRUPLW\ task and a critical one. Fortunately, ICT and make sure you’re in a safe neighbourhood? On of information that they hold. Public defenders good interoperability and data management vacation in a new city and want to steer clear FDQOHYHOWKHSOD\LQJ¿HOGZLWKSULYDWHODZ\HUV policy can help. Already, standards exist that of crime-infested areas? Chances are there’s an DQGWKHLUODUJHVWDϑVWUHQJWKZLWKWKHKHOSRI can ensure that the data cities collect and use app that can help. ICT. is interoperable. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 286 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY 2. Build public safety through urban Interconnectedness Smart solutions for planning and development.Urban and assessment a safer city transport infrastructure play an important role in monitoring and preventing crime by identifying criminal acts, or potential Planning improvements in public safety, Developing and inculcating solutions for criminal acts, in advance. Planning and the city will want to take into account DVDIHFLW\UHTXLUHDFROODERUDWLYHHϑRUW installing various systems such as CCTV public safety’s interdependencies, such as that incorporates a multitude of advanced and IP cameras in airports, transit hubs, communications, transportation systems and technological sub-systems. Integration and public buildings, and scattered throughout energy. interoperability among these sub-systems is a city, creates an advance surveillance at the core of the solutions in order to obtain network. Local crime prevention and better intelligence from various sensors, In normal daily operations, police and safety strategies are incorporated in urban systems and sources. From monitoring to crisis ¿UHGHSDUWPHQWVUHO\RQFRPPXQLFDWLRQV planning. and energy systems to maintain real-time management centres, technology will enable situational awareness of activities taking place law enforcement, emergency services and across a city. And in the urgent case of a local decision makers. This will help optimise 3. Build emergency contact infrastructure. QDWXUDOGLVDVWHU¿UVWUHVSRQGHUVZLOOUHO\RQ their response to the expected as well as To trigger alerts to police and other the resilience and reliability of communications, unexpected. connected services in case of an electrical power and transportation systems emergency situation. to help them establish command and control, 1. Enable a holistic safety approach.Cities gain situational awareness, coordinate inbound • Helpline with supportive control centre. aid resources and potentially outbound can better response to adverse situations Dedicated 24x7 emergency helpline to evacuations. DQGDFKLHYHPXFKPRUHHϑHFWLYHUHVXOWV escalate any events, issues or concerns to when municipalities view and manage all centralised or localised call centres. Conversely, the safer a city is, the greater is of the various components of the safe city the reliance on public transport and alternative together holistically, rather than looking These centres, supported by dedicated modes of transport such as walkability and at them in isolation or focusing on a few manpower are integrated with hospitals, bikability. VSHFL¿FDUHDV6XFKDQDSSURDFKDOORZVWR police stations, emergency responders, etc. create a seamless connection among the sub-systems and to support each other. By taking a holistic approach, supported • Emergency triggers.Physical panic by integrated, robust technology, a city buttons are provided at key public places, can leverage its existing infrastructure and such as Metro or train stations, which UHVRXUFHVWRFUHDWHLQQRYDWLYHDQGHϑHFWLYH initiate immediate contact. Furthermore, a public safety solutions. physical button can be used as an easy and convenient way to raise alerts. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 287 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Build emergency To protect rising urban populations, cities contact such as Surat and Pune have implemented infrastructure: complete command-and-control solutions to progress towards comprehensive A dedicated 24x7 situational awareness, gathering HPHUJHQF\KHOSOLQH LQWHOOLJHQFHDQGHϑHFWLYHO\UHVSRQGLQJWR QXPEHUHVFDODWHV events. DQ\HYHQWVLVVXHVRU concerns to centralised or localised call )DFLOLWDWHUHPRWH),5¿OLQJLike many centres. legal proceedings, First Information Reports (FIRs) and other police complaint registrations are lengthy, time-consuming and tedious processes, leading to avoidance of reporting the matter. Kiosk systems located at convenient locations allow citizens to register FIRs remotely. Collaborating with Council member Cisco, the Bengaluru city police has launched a $(XURSHDQFRPSDQ\RϑHUVDEXWWRQDV also to certain selected numbers from the Remote FIR registration system kiosk at a signalling device — a very simple yet phone book. 0DQWUD0DOOWKH¿UVWRILWVNLQGYHQWXUH HϑHFWLYHEXWWRQZLWKXVHULQWHUIDFHDQG in India. The kiosk is equipped with high FORXGWRFORXGFRQQHFWLYLW\WRHϑHFWLYHO\ GH¿QLWLRQYLGHRDQGDXGLRV\VWHPVWR raise alerts, which can be used for on- 4. Create integrated city command and FRQQHFWFLWL]HQVZLWKSROLFHRϒFHUVDWWKH demand utility services to deliver European operations centre.Video analytics runs WUDϒFPDQDJHPHQWFHQWUHKHDGTXDUWHUV Platform for Rehabilitation (EPR) to the on live camera feeds and automatically RϑHULQJ[DYDLODELOLW\6XFKV\VWHPV elderly. detects and raises alerts for public safety empower citizens with convenience and LVVXHVOLNHOHIWEHKLQGREMHFWVVXVSLFLRXV HDVHWRUHPRWHO\¿OH),5VLUUHVSHFWLYHRI Similarly, an SoS mobile application is behaviour etc., which makes it easier ORFDWLRQRIFDVHMXULVGLFWLRQZKLOHUHOLYLQJ DQHϑHFWLYHV\VWHPWRWULJJHUDOHUWVDQG for public safety agencies to monitor the police from shortage of task force by incident reporting with geo location, a city, as it’s practically impossible to sharing resources. SURYLGLQJHϑHFWLYHUHVSRQVHGXULQJDQ monitor thousands of cameras manually. HPHUJHQF\VLWXDWLRQ7KHDOHUWVDUHMXVW The analytics proactively detect public not routed to the police control room, but safety issues and take action to avoid incidents. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 288 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Create integrated city ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ centre: INTEGRATED SMART SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM BOOSTS KOLKATA SAFETY he situation in Kolkata is worsening; road crash On the same infrastructure, Allied Telesis implemented fatalities, casualties and women safety issues REMHFWUDFNLQJSURFHVVLQJXQLWZLWKDQLQWHOOLJHQWLQEXLOW Create integrated have been increasing over the past twenty years. algorithm of CCTV surveillance which would instantly city command and TTo provide better security to citizens, the Kolkata identify any change in normal behaviour and alert a operations centre: Police has formally launched the City Surveillance V\VWHPLQWKHQHDUHVWNLRVNZKLFKVHWRϑDQDODUP 6\VWHP &66 WKDWFRYHUHGPDMRUWUDϒF at the local police station and then the headquarters &66LPSOHPHQWHGREMHFW intersections with 24x7 CCTV cover. Kolkata police instantly. To make it foolproof, a system is in place that UDFNLQJSURFHVVLQJ ZDQWHGWRDQDO\VHQRWRQO\WKHWUDϒFÀRZEXWDOVRWR VHWVRϑDORXGDODUPIROORZHGE\DQ606WRWKHORFDO XQLWZLWKDQLQWHOOLJHQW try and devise ways to reduce the number of accidents kiosk or the headquarters with brief details. LQEXLOWDOJRULWKPRI and ensure free movement of vehicles. &&79VXUYHLOODQFHZKLFK ZRXOGLQVWDQWO\LGHQWLI\ Using a resilient network backbone from POP to POP any change in normal CSS now have 500 cameras, including infrared and RQJLJDELWVSHHGSURYLGHGXQLQWHUUXSWHGYLGHRWUDϒF EHKDYLRXUDQGDOHUWD PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) cameras, enabling the police to and ensured no delay in real time video transmission. system in the nearest monitor the entire city from its headquarters. However, Standard switches and network management software NLRVNZKLFKVHWRϑDQ WKHLQIRUPDWLRQLVVWRUHGRϓLQHWREHUHFDOOHGDIWHU and heterogeneous Ethernet-based devices with DODUPDWWKHORFDOSROLFH station and then the an incident happens. Kolkata Police used switching industry standard technologies make it interoperability- KHDGTXDUWHUVLQVWDQWO\ infrastructure by Council member Allied Telesis to supportive. The future-proof solution has enough room SURYLGHDQHϑHFWLYHXSJUDGHWRWKHH[LVWLQJV\VWHP to grow both in hardware and application level. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 289 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Livability Reducing response times. Citywide public safety situational awareness provides emergency managers and other public safety personnel with an immediate and real-time understanding of incidents, allowing them to respond more quickly. Making more arrests. Police and investigator outcomes in criminal cases are improved through access to data. Analysis of the universe of relevant public safety data can unearth links between suspects, crimes and other incidents that result in higher case closure rates — fewer criminals on the street. Lowering crime rates with more resolution and more prevention. Smart public safety Making people lowers crime rates in two ways. First, it ‘feel’ safer and empowers police to realise better outcomes, mitigating pain with more cases solved and more arrests DQGVXϑHULQJ More to smart public safetymade. Second, through analytics, it allows law- than meets the eye enforcing agencies identify and prevent threats There is an intangible before they cause harm. EXWYHU\UHDOYDOXHWR the feeling of safety in Public safety may be one of the more visible DFRPPXQLW\²ZKHQ and best understood of city responsibilities. Making people ‘feel’ safer and mitigating SHRSOHIHHOVDIHU %XWPDQ\PD\QRWUHDOLVHKRZWKHEHQH¿WV SDLQDQGVXϑHULQJThere is an intangible their lives seem more stack up when cities make it smarter. Here are but very real value to the feeling of safety in liveable. some highlights that align with our livability, a community — when people feel safer, their workability and sustainability goals. lives seem more liveable. Through improved outcomes, smart public safety also delivers a IUHHGRPIURPWKHSDLQDQGVXϑHULQJWKDWFULPH and other incidents cause to citizens. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 290 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY ZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƟŵĞƐ͗ TECHNOLOGY AND E-APPLICATION SYSTEM IMPROVES SAFETY IN SURAT he world’s fourth-fastest growing city, Surat, with 6XUDWEHFDPHWKH¿UVW,QGLDQFLW\WRHQJDJHZLWK a population of 5.5 million citizens and rapidly Microsoft CityNext, using 60+ digital solutions. The Reducing response growing, was facing a problem of shortage of department created a data centre using Microsoft times: TVWDϒQJLQLWVSROLFHIRUFH7KHDSSUR[LPDWHUDWLRRI Dynamics, SQL Server and Windows 7, to monitor 93 policemen/1 lakh citizens in the diamond processing street activities by tapping into state and national Since the safe city capital was putting pressure on the police force to surveillance grids. To improve the existing process of SURMHFW¶VLQFHSWLRQ6XUDW reduce the crime rate and keep citizens safe. To protect tracking citizen requests, the department created an has lowered crime rate its citizens, the Surat City Police Department needed to e-application system that allows the public to view the E\LQVXUYHLOODQFH ¿QGDZD\WREHWWHUPRQLWRUDQGPDQDJHFLW\DFWLYLWLHV status of their submissions. zones, with enhanced WUDϒFPDQDJHPHQW LPSURYHGSROLFH To bridge the gap between policemen and city growth, 6LQFHWKHVDIHFLW\SURMHFW¶VLQFHSWLRQ6XUDWKDV UHVSRQFHWLPHDQG the Surat City Police Department started the ‘Safe lowered crime rate by 27% in surveillance zones, LQFUHDVHGWUDQVSDUHQF\ &LW\3URMHFW¶DQLQLWLDWLYHVWULYLQJWRUHGXFHWKHFLW\¶V ZLWKHQKDQFHGWUDϒFPDQDJHPHQWLPSURYHGSROLFH RQWKHVWDWXVRISXEOLF crime rate. To use technology as a force multiplier, the responce time, and increased transparency on the UHTXHVWV department collaborated with Council partner Microsoft status of public requests. According to the non- in developing advanced surveillance connecting over SUR¿W-DQDJUDKD¶VVXUYH\6XUDWLVWKHWRSUDQNHG 6,000 CCTV cameras and keeping vigilance on the city in citizen satisfaction and the perception of local entire city from a remote command and control centre. government. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 291 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Ensuring fewer business resources go to crime prevention.Crime forces businesses to spend more money than they otherwise would to pay for security and insurance. When crime rates are lowered through smart public safety, businesses win. Sustainability Creating operational savings and enabling better resource deployment. To put it simply, smart public safety agencies cost less. In one estimate, a hypothetical public safety agency with $350 million in operating costs can save up to $60 million annually through smart Workability technologies and best practices. Savings rise to $200 million when society, other agencies and victim costs are considered. Creating higher Attracting business and talent. Lower crime property values rates and resiliency to natural disasters like ¿UHVDQGÀRRGVDLGFLWLHVLQWKHFRPSHWLWLRQIRU and increasing tax Avoiding criminal justice and correction EXVLQHVVHVDQGMREVDQGWKH\KHOSHQVXUHWKDW revenue: costs through crime prevention.Unleashing businesses can operate safely. analytics on an integrated public safety $VQHLJKERXUKRRGVDFURVV information database increases cities’ crime FLWLHVEHFRPHVDIHUSURSHUW\ Mitigating reduced earnings and lost prevention capabilities. When prevention YDOXHVULVHDQGLQFUHDVHWKH productivity. Crime and disaster can result in HϑRUWVDUHHPSRZHUHGFLWLHVVSHQGOHVVRQ SURVSHULW\RIWKHLUUHVLGHQWV LQMXULHVWRHPSOR\HHVDQGGDPDJHWREXVLQHVV DQGH[SDQGVWKHWD[EDVH SURVHFXWLQJDQGMDLOLQJFULPLQDOV for governments. infrastructure. Improved public safety means that not only do smart cities become more Creating higher property values and attractive to business, but businesses that increasing tax revenue. As neighbourhoods operate in smart cities are able to do so more across cities become safer, property values rise securely and with fewer safety-associated costs and increase the prosperity of their residents, and risks. and expands the tax base for governments. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 292 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY ŶƐƵƌĞďĞƩĞƌƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐƚŽ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͗ PREPAID CARDS GIVE DISASTER VICTIMS A SENSE OF SECURITY very year, the Red Cross responds to nearly 70,000 Red Cross was able to get those people client GLVDVWHUVDURXQGWKHZRUOGIURPKRPH¿UHVWR DVVLVWDQFHFDUGVZLWKLQWZRKRXUVRIWKH¿UH+DYLQJ Ensure better PDMRUKXUULFDQHV6LQFH&RXQFLOPHPEHU WKH0DVWHU&DUGORJRRQWKHPPHDQVWKH¿UHYLFWLPV responses to EMasterCard has enabled the American Red Cross to could use them at stores in their neighbourhood and emergencies: provide emergency relief through prepaid cards. Along anywhere MasterCard is accepted. The prepaid cards with feeding and sheltering, this service allows many can also be used to obtain cash at ATMs. Red Cross was able to GLVDVWHUDϑHFWHGIDPLOLHVDQGLQGLYLGXDOVWRTXLFNO\DQG JHW¿UHYLFWLPVSUHSDLG reliably get the immediate help they need to get back The Red Cross says it prefers to use CACs for a wide client assistance cards on their feet. range of assistance types because they provide clients ZLWKLQWZRKRXUVRID ZLWKWKHÀH[LELOLW\DVWRZKHUHWKH\VKRSDVZHOODV PDMRUDSDUWPHQW¿UH SURYLGLQJWKHPHDQVWR -RKQ5DYLW]RIWKH5HG&URVVSURYLGHVDQH[DPSOHRI greater privacy and dignity while making purchases. immediately start their how important the client assistance cards (CACs) are. recovery. $PDMRUDSDUWPHQW¿UHDϑHFWHGSHRSOHRIWKHP “It gives them a sense of security moments after they children under age 10. It struck at 3 am on a Sunday lose everything,” Ravitz said, and helps them to start morning and people lost most everything. By the next their recovery process. morning they would need medications and food and other daily essentials. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 293 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking. Public safety targets Active participation from cooperative solution mechanisms. communities and other stakeholders, including Create institutional framework. Addressing The technology targets described in this the private sector is critical for developing and the wide range of root causes of crime and chapter can help cities develop a smart public LPSOHPHQWLQJHϑHFWLYHDQGLQFOXVLYHSROLFLHV violence requires multi-sectorial coordination safety infrastructure that uses intelligence to and laws to enhance safety and security in between national and local level authorities protect lives and property and save resources. cities. Evidence based programming and as well as amongst the various sectors of 7KHUHLVRQHQHZWDUJHWVSHFL¿FWRSXEOLF participatory approaches to crime prevention governance, including education, housing safety we’ll introduce in this chapter, and we’ll and community safety are important for the and urban planning, economic development, also highlight how public safety intersects with co-production of safety for all. MXVWLFHHWF*RYHUQPHQWVRIVPDUWFLWLHVWDNH the universal targets discussed earlier. up on responsibilities to empower various stakeholders and act as catalysts of pervasive Achieve citizen engagement. Cities Urban PXOWLOHYHOHϑRUWVWRSURYLGHVDIHDQGVHFXUH crime prevention and safety policies and environment for citizens and business in the SURJUDPPHVFDQRQO\EHHϑHFWLYHZKHQ FLW\7KRXJKGHGLFDWHGHϑRUWVDWRUJDQLVDWLRQ communities are consulted and when and sectorial levels help in creating safe Inclusivity interventions are based on evidence and environment, taking an integrated approach WDLORUHGWRWKHVSHFL¿FQHHGVDQGYXOQHUDELOLWLHV and employing more comprehensive analytics, It is evident that those cities that actively and RIPDMRULW\RIWKHSRSXODWLRQV7KHUROHRI WKHSRWHQWLDOEHQH¿WVPXOWLSO\WUHPHQGRXVO\ directly engage their citizens and communitiesyouth and women in creating safety and in systematically addressing challenges of security is the key in smart cities. public safety and security deliver successful outcomes and create more resilient solutions Pursue multilateral collaboration for for all. monitoring and response.Collaborative monitoring is a key enabler for a safe city, along with prevention measures and response Achieve accessibility optimisation.The Collaborativity mechanisms it helps ensure safety and security smart cities around the world have great of all citizens, especially vulnerable population, emphasis on providing safety for all. The Numerous public safety agencies, from local children, and women. In Indian cities, where area, groups, or individuals that are or have WUDϒFPDQDJHPHQWWRFLW\ZLGHHPHUJHQF\ every government and private establishment, probability of falling below minimum welfare or response carry operational responsibility of has realised the necessity to secure its DϑHFWHGE\GLVDVWHUVRUFULPLQDODFWLYLWLHVQHHG public safety. To successfully achieve this goal,infrastructure and establish surveillance, to be given special attention. Social media it has become very important for modernise monitoring and incident response systems, it and mobile enabled platform for community/ and take integrated approach towards public is important that the data gathered by these community groups improves accessibility and safety – these various agencies need to agencies is shared among them. allows them to collaborate with police for local develop systematic collaboration systems and safety and security issues. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 294 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY ĐŚŝĞǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ ŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ CITY SIGNAGE PROGRAM s cities compete with each other to be the best encourage visitors to return, recommend or invest places for one to live, work and visit, implementing in the city. To make this goal a reality, Delhi local Achieve programs that enhance the quality of life for its municipal bodies, PWD and NMDC worked with Council accessibility people becomes imperative. In 2010, Delhi was PHPEHU0WRGHSOR\D¿UVWRILWVNLQGFRPSUHKHQVLYH A optimisation: one such city which had set its eyes upon improving city signage program in India. road safety and impressing visitors from across the With 10,000+ Signage world as it readied itself to host the XIX Commonwealth The program involved the installation of various signs LQVWDOOHGLWKHOSHGLQ Games. that followed National as well as International norms. HQVXULQJVDIHRUGHUO\ 7KHQXPHURXVVLJQVLQFOXGHGZD\¿QGLQJUHJXODWRU\ DQGHϒFLHQWPRYHPHQW Delhi implemented one such program – installation of mandatory and cautionary signs. RIDOOURDGXVHUVDQG vehicles, as well as VDIHWUDϒFFRQWURODQGJXLGDQFHV\VWHPVZKLFKZRUNV SOD\HGDSLYRWDOUROHLQ towards making life safer on the roads for motorists With 10,000+ Signage installed, it helped in ensuring KHOSLQJ'HOKLFDVKLQRQ and pedestrians alike. At a time when thousands of VDIHRUGHUO\DQGHϒFLHQWPRYHPHQWRIDOOURDGXVHUV WKHVSHFLDOHYHQWDQG visitors were expected to throng the city, implementing and vehicles. Deployment of it also played a pivotal VXFFHVVIXOO\FUHDWLQJD such programs gained even more importance as it was role in helping Delhi cash-in on the special event and SRVLWLYHLPDJHIRUWKH QXPHURXVYLVLWRUV VWULYLQJWRSURMHFWLWVHOILQDSRVLWLYHOLJKWDQGOHDYH successfully creating a positive image for the numerous DQXQIRUJHWWDEOHLPSUHVVLRQRQ¿UVWWLPHYLVLWRUV visitors. This would help it grow to be a destination that would Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 295 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Government agencies are already deploying on-board surveillance systems by provisioning local communities to factors that may lead to Instrumentation and control CCTV-based surveillance on public buses engagement in crime and violence is the key and bus stands, metros, railway stations and ,QDVPDUWFLW\¿UVWUHVSRQGHUVXVHDQG in order to reduce vulnerabilities, opportunities airports. These systems under collaborative REWDLQGDWDLQWKH¿HOG7KHUHIRUHSROLFH DQGUHZDUGVIRURϑHQGLQJ monitoring can conveniently share their data LQYHVWLJDWRUV¿UH¿JKWHUVDQG(06WHFKQLFLDQV in real-time with security agencies of the must not only input data to a command centre, city, along with live feeds from CCTV systems they also need to interact with the command deployed by private establishments such as Governance FHQWUHDQGRWKHUVLQWKH¿HOG7KLVWZRZD\ malls, business parks and entertainment relationship requires devices that can display houses, where the security agency can make Improve the governance of safety. information in useful ways, and devices such as HϑHFWLYHXVHRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQ6PDUWFLWLHV Enhancing urban safety and social cohesion are video feeds that can transmit data to storage. are using the collaborative framework to issues of good urban governance. They intend receive video feeds from these systems to to create a city where safety is improved for Implement optimal devices and other ensure real-time responses. its citizens and neighbourhoods, where there is instrumentation. In public safety, these fearless interaction among people and groups. devices include those that help agencies and The ability to respond to emergencies promptly These are prudent aspects of good governance, personnel capture data and those that enable is another important function of smart cities. which create an enabling environment for ¿UVWUHVSRQGHUVWRXVHWKDWGDWDLQWKH¿HOG (ϑHFWLYHHPHUJHQF\SUHSDUHGQHVVDQG the inhabitants of the city, allowing improved response depends on collaboration among quality of life and fostering economic Increasingly cities are prefering to adopt various response teams. Video analytics development. a citywide surveillance system to enable enabled integrated city command and more detailed awareness over data captured operations centre can monitor emergencies Developing sustainable urbanisation by surveillance devices deployed in high- DQGGLVDVWHUVWRSURYLGHHϑHFWLYHFROODERUDWLYH frameworks by emphasising inclusive as well risk areas. Importantly, these surveillance response in case of emergency. as participatory urban planning and local networks should produce evidence-quality development practices, incorporates policy video. Data-capturing instrumentation is also making and strategy development. This, in likely to include audio and pressure sensors Develop resilient city.Resilience concentratesturn, promotes institutional and organisational in critical areas, or devices purposed for on how individuals, communities and business development, resource planning and disaster prevention and awareness — weather not only cope in the face of multiple shocks andPDQDJHPHQWLQRUGHUWRHQKDQFHHϒFLHQF\LQ instrumentation, water sensors and so on. It stresses, but also creates new opportunities governance. is likely that some of this instrumentation is for transformational development. Resilience the province of other city responsibilities; one at city level recognises the urban area as a of this Guide’s universal targets recommends dynamic and complex system that must adapt smart cities share infrastructure when possible. to various challenges. Creating resilience of Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 296 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŵĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͗ SMART AIRPORTS: DELHI AIRPORT z pening of Terminal 3 in 2010 to cater to the This new system fully supports key operational escalating passenger growth, the Indira Gandhi applications such as passenger reconciliation, visitor Implement optimal International Airport became India’s and South management, air-bridge monitoring and airport check- devices and other OAsia’s busiest and largest aviation hub, spanning ins, thermal cameras for runways — all of which are instrumentation: 500,000 square metres and over 160 check-in critical to airport ground operations. In addition, counters. To secure this new addition with a capacity the Tyco IP video surveillance system has the ability 7KHIXOO\LQWHJUDWHG of 34 million passengers per annum, required a proven to deliver the same high-quality digital video as FHQWUDOVHFXULW\ access control and security solution for employees, comparable solutions with savings of between 25% management system passengers and retailers using fully integrated IP and 50% on bandwidth and storage requirements. The allowed the new technology. integrated security system also provides surveillance WHUPLQDOWRUXQPRUH HϒFLHQWO\LQWHUPV and analytics to the multi-level and surface car parks of both cost and Delhi International Airport Ltd (DIAL) installed a and the Metro rail system. RSHUDWLRQVDQGHQDEOHG state-of-the-art access control system from Council WKHDLUSRUWWRKDQGOHWKH member Tyco featuring integrated CEM AC2000 Airport The fully integrated Tyco system allowed the new RSHUDWLRQDOFRPSOH[LWLHV Edition system that seamlessly merges with third-party WHUPLQDOWRUXQPRUHHϒFLHQWO\LQWHUPVRIERWKFRVW DQGVHFXULW\FKDOOHQJHV involved in a wide-area video surveillance systems, creating a central security and operations, and enabled the airport to handle GHSOR\PHQW management system, providing a single user-friendly the operational complexities and security challenges command and control graphical interface. involved in a wide-area deployment. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 297 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Connect devices Adhere to open standards.Open standards with citywide, IRUGDWDDUHDPDMRUVWHSLQFUHDWLQJ multi-service actionable, life-saving intelligence for public communications: safety decision makers. 7REHHϑHFWLYH²DQG Smart cities adhere to data standards that WKDW¶VDEVROXWHO\ZKDW ensure all of the data they collect — not a smart city wants MXVWE\SXEOLFVDIHW\LQVWUXPHQWDWLRQDQG LQLWVSXEOLFVDIHW\ personnel, but across their responsibilities V\VWHP²WZRZD\ FRPPXQLFDWLRQLV and departments — is handled the same way. essential. Standards exist already for the recording, storing, transmission and use of data. Smart cities use the best and most widely adopted standards possible so they have easier access to data from other agencies. They also help promote the use of standards nationally and internationally so that more and more data IURPDFURVVWKHZRUOGFDQEHHϒFLHQWO\VKDUHG Additionally, by requiring open standards in the procurement of public safety systems and equipment, cities increase the choices available Connectivity outcomes. As we mentioned earlier, a city to them and decrease costs because open might require multiple networks and share standards mean products can be mixed and them when appropriate, but the key is to Communications are a critical part of a smart PDWFKHGIURPGLϑHUHQWYHQGRUV ensure all devices are able to communicate city’s public safety strategy, as this target HϑHFWLYHO\RQDFLW\ZLGHQHWZRUN explains. Use open integration architectures and Connect devices with citywide, multi- loosely coupled interfaces. There are a service communications.7REHHϑ HFWLYH number of reasons for sharing public safety — and that’s absolutely what a smart city Interoperability data within city departments. And in some wants in its public safety system — two-way cases public safety applications used by one communication is essential. So is a citywide Interoperability is the key in smart public department can be adapted for use by another. communications system that loops in all the safety because it opens up the world of data Both scenarios are made much simpler when personnel, smart devices, databases and and helps generate integrated intelligence, as open integration architectures are used. ICT systems that have a role in public safety you’ll read in the targets highlighted below. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 298 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY ,ĂǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ management: CLOUD SEAMLESS STORAGE IMPROVES VISIBILITY FOR OAKLAND POLICE z ith increased protests and events around the 7KH2DNODQG3ROLFH'HSDUWPHQWLVSLORWLQJDQHZ&-,6 world calling for video evidence, the Oakland capable cloud storage platform for a body-worn camera Have access to police needed a solution that could archive their EXLOWRQ$]XUHWKDWPD\KHOSRϒFHUVEHWWHUPDQDJHWKH comprehensive video evidence securely. Though the growing deluge of video they now capture and store. W device SXVKIRUERG\ZRUQFDPHUDVWKDWDOORZVRϒFHUVWR management: record hands-free audio-video with one motion creates In response, VIEVU and Council partner Microsoft a new challenge — managing and storing data. collaborated to make VIEVU’s VERIPATROL platform $VDUHVXOWXVHRIIRUFH for the Azure Government Cloud. Moving to the cloud- FRPSODLQWVGURSSHG Law-enforcement agencies often don’t have the based solution gave the department seamless storage. ²IURPWR LQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\LQIUDVWUXFWXUHEXGJHWRUVWDϑ Physically isolated Azure Government servers provide with body-worn cameras. to handle large amounts of data. an additional layer of security, while digital signatures The seamless integration RϑHUIXUWKHUDXWKHQWLFLW\ with existing systems, LPSURYHGYLVLELOLW\ Cloud storage represents a potential solution, but until enhanced decision now, most cloud platforms have not met the FBI’s As a result, use of force complaints dropped 70% PDNLQJDQGXOWLPDWHO\ &ULPLQDO-XVWLFH,QIRUPDWLRQ6HUYLFHV &-,6 SROLFLHV — from 2,200 to 572 with body-worn cameras. The KHOSHGUHGXFHWHQVLRQ which enable police departments to connect to the FBI’s seamless integration with existing systems, improved between citizens and systems and securely access data. visibility, enhanced decision making, and ultimately RϒFHUV KHOSHGUHGXFHWHQVLRQEHWZHHQFLWL]HQVDQGRϒFHUV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 299 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Prioritise the use of legacy investments, including physically stored data. Earlier we QHWZRUNWUDϒFDQGWKHOLNH%XWDOOZLOOZDQWWR mentioned how cities can avoid redundant and develop rules and governance protocol that are unnecessary investments in data-capturing not only transparent but have been vetted by devices. Police, courts and other agencies citizens and other stakeholders. involved in public safety gather massive amounts of data, but often critical pieces ²PXJVKRWVDUUHVWUHFRUGVFRXUW¿OHV ¿QJHUSULQWVDQGWKHOLNHDUHVWRUHGSK\VLFDOO\ Data management Similarly, some CCTV systems produce physical tape. Smart cities digitise these data sources, We mentioned in the last section the connecting them to the rest of the universe importance of privacy rules in the public safety of relevant public safety data to create more realm; the targets here are an important robust intelligence. follow-on, given the amount of often-sensitive data involved. Create and adhere to a citywide data management, transparency and sharing Privacy and security policy. Data management policies make it clear what city departments can and can’t Even those responsible for safeguarding the do with the data they collect. This alleviates Use an open innovation platform. Here’s public’s privacy and security will want to deliverconfusion, improves data accuracy, eliminates a prime example of why this target is so on ICT-related privacy and security targets unnecessary duplication and reduces the important. Like so many other cities today, as they move toward a smarter public safety likelihood of privacy or security breaches. Glasgow, Scotland holds regular “future infrastructure. hacks” or “hackathons” to encourage software developers to focus their brainpower on apps that can help solve city problems. Publish privacy rules.By its nature, there LVWKHSRWHQWLDOIRUSULYDF\UHGÀDJVLQPXFK According to The Guardian, an event in early of the day-to-day work that public safety is Computing resources2014 challenged the coders to do something responsible for. That’s why it is so important to that improved public safety. The winning team address the legal, privacy and ownership issues Advanced computing capabilities have presented the idea of helping emergency ZLWKDFRPSUHKHQVLYHSULYDF\SROLF\'LϑHUHQW dramatically changed the public safety playing VHUYLFHV¿QGSHRSOHTXLFNHUZKHQWKH\DUH FLWLHVZLOOKDYHGLϑHUHQWVWUDWHJLHVIRUGHDOLQJ ¿HOGDVWKHVHWDUJHWVUHYHDO calling from a mobile phone. with access to video, phone records, social Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 300 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY ĐŚŝĞǀĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗ THAI LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY OPTIMISES INVESTIGATIONS USING BIG DATA VWDEOLVKHGXQGHU7KDLODQG¶V0LQLVWU\RI-XVWLFH “This often forced us to send personnel to the actual the Department of Special Investigation (DSI) crime scenes, which cost us a lot of time and money.” Achieve operational is a national law enforcement agency dedicated optimisation: Eto stopping serious criminal activity. DSI needed DSI implemented a big data solution based on Council better tools for mining large sets of structured and member Microsoft’s platform and Apache Hadoop '6,QHHGHGEHWWHU unstructured data to improve investigation processes VRIWZDUHWRJLYHLQYHVWLJDWLQJRϒFHUVVHOIVHUYLFH tools for mining large and reduce manual procedures. business intelligence tools and data-management VHWVRIVWUXFWXUHGDQG capabilities. With them, DSI has improved accuracy XQVWUXFWXUHGGDWDWR The agency’s large data sets included more than 1 and shortened criminal case investigation time from LPSURYHLQYHVWLJDWLRQ million records gathered from multiple sources in both two years to 15 days. DSI plans to implement its own SURFHVVHV7KH0LFURVRIW %LJ'DWDVROXWLRQLW structured and unstructured formats, such as images, SULYDWHFORXGWRPDQDJHWKHVHFXULW\RIFRQ¿GHQWLDO LPSOHPHQWHGKDV videos and documents. data. dramatically shortened WLPHVSHQWRQFULPLQDO ³,WZDVYHU\GLϒFXOWWRPLQHWKURXJKWKHGDWDDQGWKH investigations. results were too broad with unclear targets,” says Police Colonel Yannaphon Youngyuen, Deputy Director of the DSI. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 301 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY Have access to a central GIS.Public safety focuses on location and on being able to act decisively in time-sensitive situations make GIS critically important. It improves decision- PDNLQJFDSDELOLWLHVHQDEOHVHϒFLHQF\ gains through more intelligent scheduling and routing, provides improved accuracy of essential records and boosts resiliency of key assets. Keep in mind, however, that in public safety and disaster management, users of PDQ\GLϑHUHQWJHRVSDWLDOV\VWHPVQHHGWR communicate, often in an ad hoc fashion. Thus a central GIS and countless other GISs and miscellaneous devices and resources need to implement open standards that make it possible for them to communicate complex geospatial information. Have access to comprehensive device Have access to “At the moment, if someone calls 999 their management.This target is also extremely comprehensive location can be determined using the nearest relevant in public safety, given the number of device PRELOHSKRQHPDVWV´VDLG-RVKXD0F*KHHD GHYLFHVGLVSDWFKHGLQWKH¿HOGDQGWKHVHULRXV management: computing science student who worked on the problems that could occur if they end up in winning design. “But that doesn’t give very the wrong hands. A comprehensive device management system helps enforce compliance $FRPSUHKHQVLYH detailed information. Instead we’re providing device management geo-tagged data which lets services see exactlywith city data management, security and V\VWHPKHOSVHQIRUFH where someone is, even if users aren’t sure privacy policies. FRPSOLDQFHZLWKFLW\ where they are themselves.” data management, VHFXULW\DQGSULYDF\ SROLFLHV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 302 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY This correlation of data is an ongoing and Analytics automated process, so new data is always can devote much more time and energy informing the constantly evolving public safety to research that wins cases. ICT levels the There’s a big story to tell about the impact picture across the city. SOD\LQJ¿HOG:LWKDQDO\WLFVDQGRSHUDWLRQDO analytics can have in the public safety sector, optimisation, city courts can transform the way as the targets below explain. &RPPDQGFHQWUHVDOVRSURYLGHXQL¿HGWKUHDW they access information, improving outcomes assessment functionality and are responsible IRUQRWMXVWWKHFRXUWVEXWWKHFLWLHVDQGWKH Achieve full situational awareness.In smart for the coordination and control of incident people that they represent and protect. public safety, full situational awareness (also response and management. With this real- Pursue predictive analytics.The insights referred to as a “complete operating picture”) time understanding, emergency managers canthese analytics provide can lead to better is created and maintained through the use assess safety needs and prioritise actions andpublic safety planning and decision-making of city command centres. Command centres resources. Because it is a central command, E\SURMHFWLQJWUHQGVDQGSUHGLFWLQJRXWFRPHV are important because they assimilate a there is authority to deploy resources across to the point that they can even prevent single version of “the truth” so that everyone agencies, departments and service boundariessome crimes from occurring. Full situational LQYROYHGLQDVLWXDWLRQLVZRUNLQJRϑWKHVDPH to achieve desired outcomes without awareness allows cities to allocate their information. When time is a factor and lives MXULVGLFWLRQDOLVVXHV7KLVLVFULWLFDOEHFDXVH UHVRXUFHVPRUHHϒFLHQWO\IRULQFLGHQWUHVSRQVH are at risk, you want to be sure that the left often in emergency situations, other city and management. And they can simulate, for hand knows what the right hand is doing. You departments must be part of the response — example, a potential natural disaster and take want thousands of employees, and a handful for example, transportation or public health. steps to mitigate some of the likely devastation RIGLϑHUHQWDJHQFLHVDQGFLW\GHSDUWPHQWVWR before the disaster occurs. have the exact same information. Achieve operational optimisation.This target All of the applications of analytics discussed RϑHUVVDYLQJVSRWHQWLDOIRUFLWLHV¶SXEOLFVDIHW\ Command centres deploy analytics capabilities in this section deliver tangible operational agencies. Along with full situational awareness, across the universe of relevant public safety savings. Better planning, decision-making, analytics can unearth new insights into how data, the discipline often referred to as Big predicting and resource allocation all lead cities deploy their public safety resources, Data. They correlate, in an automated way, to money saved for public safety agency thereby generating savings. these hundreds or thousands of data sources, operations budgets. FULPLQDOSUR¿OHVRUVRFLDOPHGLDVWUHDPVIRU instance, to create intelligence. Operational optimisation also holds great promise for city court systems. Courts have And they use this intelligence to render a access to an enormous quantity of data, often complete operating picture for public safety VRPXFKVRWKDWWKHGDWDFDQEHGLϒFXOWWR personnel — actionable intelligence that make use of. Public defenders often have keeps people safe (themselves included). PXFKVPDOOHUVWDϑVWUHQJWKVWKDQWKHODZ\HUV WKH\DUHXSDJDLQVWDQGWKHVHODUJHUVWDϑV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 303 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY ISO 37120: A yardstick for measuring city performance In 2014, the International Organisation for Standards announced an ISO standard that applies strictly to city performance. The document -- known as ISO Safety Indicators Implement optimal instrumenation Citywide, multi-service communications data management policy Create citywide full situational analysis Achieve optimisation operational Achieve analysis Pursue predictive 37120:2014 establishes a set of open data indicators to measure the delivery of city 14.1 1XPEHURISROLFHRϒFHUVSHUSRSXODWLRQ • VHUYLFHVDQGTXDOLW\RIOLIH,WGH¿QHVFRPPRQ methodologies that cities can use to measure Core 14.2 Number of homicides per 100,000 population ••• • their performance in areas such as energy, HQYLURQPHQW¿QDQFHHPHUJHQF\UHVSRQVH 14.3 Crimes against property per 100,000 ••• • governance, health, recreation, safety, solid waste, telecommunications, transportation, FireSupp. 14.4 and Response Emergency time for police department Response from initial call Indicators•••••• urban planning, wastewater, water, sanitation and more. In the table at right we have indicated how the stan- dards related to Safety correspond 10.1 1XPEHURI¿UH¿JKWHUVSHUSRSXODWLRQ WRWKH&RXQFLO¶V3XEOLF6DIHW\WDUJHWVLGHQWL¿HG on the next page. A visible and engaged police 10.2 1XPEHURI¿UHUHODWHGGHDWKVSHUSRSXODWLRQ •••••• presence is a critical element in deterring Core FULPHDVUHÀHFWHGE\WKH,62LQGLFDWRUV 10.3 Number of natural disaster related deaths per 100,000 population PHDVXULQJSROLFHRϒFHUVSHU •••••• population and response times. However, many 10.4 1XPEHURIYROXQWHHUDQGSDUWWLPH¿UH¿JKWHUVSHUSRSXODWLRQ FLWLHVDUH¿QGLQJWKDWLWWDNHVPRUHWKDQODZ HQIRUFHPHQWDQGFULPLQDOMXVWLFHWRFRPEDW 10.5 Response time for emergency response services from initial call crime. •••••• Supporting 10.6 5HVSRQVHWLPHIRU¿UHGHSDUWPHQWIURPLQLWLDOFDOO •••••• Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 304 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLIC SAFETY TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHSXEOLFVDIHW\UHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQbold, universal targets are not. Enabler Public Safety Targets Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance public safety None Partial Over 50%Complete Achieve accessibility optimisation Inclusivity Formulate citizen reporting framework for outcome thinking Achieve citizen engagement Create institutional framework Collaborativity Pursue multilateral collaboration Develop framework for resilient city Human Human Achieve existing infrastructure optimisation Governance Formulate new supporting policy frameworks and regulatory mandates Institutional Improve the governance of safety Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 305 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLIC SAFETY TARGETS ,QWKHFKHFNOLVWEHORZWDUJHWVVSHFL¿FDOO\SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHSXEOLFVDIHW\UHVSRQVLELOLW\DUHLQbold, universal targets are not. Enabler Public Safety Targets Implementation Progress How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance public safety None Partial Over 50%Complete Instrumentation and Implement optimal instrumentation Control Connectivity Connect devices with citywide, multi-service communications Adhere to open standards Use open integration architectures and loosely coupled interfaces Interoperability Prioritize use of legacy investments (Supplement: including physically stored data) Publish privacy rules Security and Privacy Create a security framework Implement cyber security Technology Data Management Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy Consider a cloud computing framework Use an open innovation platform Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management Achieve full situational awareness Achieve operational optimisation Analytics Achieve asset optimisation Pursue predictive analytics Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 306 CH 12: PUBLIC SAFETY FinanceAnd 13 Payments The introduction of smart city innovations is KDPSHUHGE\DQXPEHURI¿QDQFLDOEDUULHUV7KH ODFNRISXEOLF¿QDQFLDOFDSDFLW\UHTXLUHVEXVLQHVV PRGHOVDSSURSULDWHWRDWWUDFWSULYDWH¿QDQFLQJ 3URMHFWVKDYHWREHEDQNDEOHEXWHYHQZKHQWKLV LVWKHFDVHSULYDWH¿QDQFHLVRIWHQQRWHDVLO\ DYDLODEOH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 307 CH 13: FINANCE AND PAYMENTS Economic growth in India 7HFKQRORJ\LQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGVRFLDO development are keystones of progress in FLWLHV(FRQRPLFJURZWKLVXQGRXEWHGO\WKH FDSVWRQHFRPSRQHQWWRLPSURYLQJXUEDQ TXDOLW\RIOLIH,Q,QGLDJLYHQLWVGHPRJUDSKLFV DQGGLYHUVLW\XQLTXHFKDOOHQJHVDQG opportunities exist for developing “smarter” FLWLHVZKLFKDWWUDFWLQFUHDVHGLQYHVWPHQW HPSOR\LQQRYDWLYHWHFKQRORJ\FUHDWH HQYLURQPHQWDOO\VXVWDLQDEOHVROXWLRQVJURZ RSHUDWLRQDOHϒFLHQFLHVDQGLPSURYHWKHOLYHV RIXUEDQFLWL]HQV &LWLHVDUHWKHHQJLQHVRIHFRQRPLFJURZWK :KLOH,QGLD¶VXUEDQSRSXODWLRQLVFXUUHQWO\ KRYHULQJDWDURXQGRIWKHWRWDOLW FRQWULEXWHVRYHURI*'3,WLVSURMHFWHG his chapter covers general rules and WKDWXUEDQ,QGLDZLOOFRQWULEXWHQHDUO\ VROXWLRQVIRU¿QDQFHDVHDFKSURMHFWZLOO of national GDP in the next 15 years. There QHHGLWVRZQLQVWUXPHQWEDVHGRQWKH is accordingly a crying need for cities to get VSHFL¿FEDUULHUVHQFRXQWHUHGWKH T VPDUWHUWRKDQGOHWKLVODUJHVFDOHXUEDQLVDWLRQ institutions involved and the regional economic DQG¿QGQHZZD\VWRPDQDJHFRPSOH[LW\ circumstances. By leveraging the techniques LQFUHDVHHϒFLHQF\UHGXFHH[SHQVHVDQG H[SODLQHGLQWKLVFKDSWHUFLW\JRYHUQPHQWVFDQ improve quality of life. VSHQGOHVVZKLOHRϑHULQJFLWL]HQVPRUH EHQH¿WVPRUHFRQYHQLHQFHDQGPRUHLQFOXVLRQ Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 308 CH 13: FINANCE AND PAYMENTS DWODUJH7KDW¶VEHFDXVHFDVKFDXVHVSUREOHPV Ƥ ZKLOHLQFUHDVLQJFRVWV%\GLJLWDOLVLQJERWK 1RUWKHUQ5DLOZD\VVDYHG5VODNK ǫ GLVEXUVHPHQWVDQGFROOHFWLRQVDFLW\JHQHUDWHV DQQXDOO\LQSULQWLQJDQGGLVWULEXWLRQRILWV VLJQL¿FDQWVDYLQJVDQGLQFUHDVHVRSHUDWLRQDO EXOOHWLQVDIWHUVZLWFKLQJWRHSURFXUHPHQW HϒFLHQF\ (OHFWURQLFSD\PHQWV\VWHPV “digitalise” ,QGLDQFLWLHVDUHVHYHUHO\FKDOOHQJHGE\ULVLQJ •a city’s disparate payment mechanisms SRSXODWLRQJURZWKE\DJLQJRULQDGHTXDWH %XWLQPDQ\FLWLHVWKDWHFRQRPLFHQJLQHQHHGV OLFHQFHVVRFLDOVHUYLFHSD\PHQWV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHE\LQFUHDVLQJRSHUDWLRQDOFRVWV DWXQHXS1HZGLJLWDOWRROV²VRPHWLPHV WUDQVLWSD\PHQWVSDUNLQJPHWHUV LQWR DQGE\³GRPRUHZLWKOHVV´DXVWHULW\SUHVVXUHV UHIHUUHGWRDVHJRYHUQPHQWRUPRELOH DQLQWHJUDWHGZKROHSURYLGLQJJUHDWHU 6RKRZFDQWKH\FRPSHWHHϑHFWLYHO\"+RZ JRYHUQPHQWVROXWLRQV²FDQGULYHPRUH HϒFLHQF\DQGEHWWHURYHUVLJKW(OHFWURQLF can they pay for the smart infrastructure HϒFLHQWVHUYLFHGHOLYHU\)RUH[DPSOH GLVEXUVHPHQWRIVDODULHVDQGEHQH¿WV LPSURYHPHQWVWKDWDWWUDFWDQGNHHSQHZ UHGXFHFRVWVWRDFFRUGLQJWRUHVHDUFK EXVLQHVVHVVNLOOHGZRUNHUVWRXULVWVDQGRWKHU • E\&RXQFLOPHPEHU0DVWHU&DUG5HGXFLQJ WUDSSLQJVRIDUREXVWHFRQRP\" Performance IndicatorsDOORZFLWLHVWR the cash in a city’s ecosystem also shrinks PHDVXUHSURJUHVVWRZDUGVWDWHGJRDOV WKHJUH\HFRQRP\VLQFHGLJLWDOLVDWLRQ &LWLHVEULQJLQUHYHQXH²IURPWKHXVHU against a set of key performance indicators provides more transparency and control FKDUJHVIRUWKHYDULRXVXWLOLWLHVXVHGE\ .3,V :LWKWKHKHOSRI.3,VFLWLHVFDQ ZKLOHLQFUHDVLQJFROOHFWLRQV FLWL]HQVWRWKHKRXVHWD[UHVLGHQWVSD\WRWKH continually monitor and improve their IHHVGHYHORSHUVVKHOORXWIRUEXLOGLQJSHUPLWV VWUDWHJLHV*'3XQHPSOR\PHQWUDWH • 0RQH\ÀRZVWKHRWKHUZD\WRRRIFRXUVHIURP LQÀDWLRQUDWHLQWHUHVWUDWHDQGWD[UDWH $GYDQFHGUHYHQXHFROOHFWLRQDQG are some of the KPIs to measure economic salaries paid to city employees to goods and payment systemsHQDEOHLQGLYLGXDOV JURZWKLQ,QGLD services procured from vendors. 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HSURFXUHPHQWV\VWHP7KHVWDWHEHQH¿WHG Removing cash from the economy creates ZLWKFRVWVDYLQJVWRWKHWXQHRI5V IDUUHDFKLQJDQGFXPXODWLYHEHQH¿WVIRUDOO FURUHDQGLPSURYHGHϒFLHQF\ GD\VWR SDUWLFLSDQWV²FLWL]HQVPHUFKDQWVWRXULVWV GD\V .DUQDWDNDVDYHV5VFURUH DQGJRYHUQPHQW²LPSURYLQJOLIHIRUWKHFLW\ RIWUDQVDFWLRQYDOXHE\HSURFXUHPHQW Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 309 CH 13: FINANCE AND PAYMENTS Ϊ ǣWKHLURSLQLRQVWRPDNHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVEHWWHU respond to their needs. It features interactive WUDYHODQGH[SHQVH 7 ( FDQEHORDGHG Ǧ JUDSKVRIWKHFXUUHQWDQGSDVWEXGJHW and controlled remotely and given to city including multiyear trends and departmental HPSOR\HHVIRUVSHFL¿FSXUSRVHV revenue and expenditure details. 3UHSDLGEHQH¿WVFDUGVgive government ,WLVQRZZLGHO\DFFHSWHGWKDWJUHDWHU agencies much greater control over the WUDQVSDUHQF\²DFFHVVWRLQIRUPDWLRQDQGGDWD • ,QFUHDVLQJWUDQVSDUHQF\DOVRDOORZVFLWLHV XVHRISXEOLFIXQGV)RULQVWDQFHXVDJH on the WRJHWPRUHYLVLELOLW\DQGFRQWURORYHUFLYLO FDQEHOLPLWHGE\WLPHRIGD\FDWHJRU\RI VHUYDQWV¶VSHQGLQJDVZHOODVRYHUWKHXVHRI PHUFKDQWVRUJHRJUDSKLFDODUHD3UHSDLG GD\WRGD\IXQFWLRQLQJRIJRYHUQPHQW²LV SXEOLFEHQH¿WV FDUGVFDQEHXVHGIRUDOONLQGVRIFLW\ NH\WRFUHDWLQJDFFRXQWDEOHDQGHϑHFWLYH SURJUDPPHVLQFOXGLQJVWXGHQWEHQH¿WV governance systems. The Right to Information &LYLOVRFLHW\RUJDQLVDWLRQV &62 OLNH FDIHWHULDFDUGVFKLOGFDUHVXEVLGLHV $FW KDVSOD\HGDVLJQL¿FDQWUROHLQ Janaagraha in Bengaluru utilise ICT platforms SHQVLRQVHWF7KHFLW\RI7RURQWRLV VWUHQJWKHQLQJWUDQVSDUHQF\E\FRPPLWWLQJ WRPRELOLVHFLWL]HQVWRUHYHDOJRYHUQPHQW VDYLQJURXJKO\PLOOLRQSHU\HDUE\ WKHJRYHUQPHQWWRERWKSURDFWLYHO\SURYLGH FRUUXSWLRQ-DQDDJUDKDODXQFKHGDZHEVLWH eliminating checks in favour of prepaid FLWL]HQVZLWKLQIRUPDWLRQDQGDOVRUHVSRQGWR FDOOHG³,3DLGD%ULEH´LQWRDOORZFLWL]HQV EHQH¿WVFDUGV VSHFL¿FLQIRUPDWLRQUHTXHVWV:KLOHWKH$FWKDV WRGHYHORSDUHFRUGRIEULEHU\LQSXEOLFVHUYLFH PHWZLWKPXFKVXFFHVV²57,DSSOLFDWLRQVDUH delivery. 1XPHURXVV\VWHPVFDQKHOSFLWLHVEHFRPH JURZLQJE\WKHGD\²WKHUHUHPDLQFRQFHUQV PRUHHϒFLHQWDQGPRUHWUDQVSDUHQW,QWKLV UHODWHGWRTXDOLW\DQGUHOLDELOLW\RILQIRUPDWLRQ ,QWKH\ODXQFKHGPRELOHDSSVDQG606FKDSWHUZH¶OOLQWURGXFHDVPDUWHUDSSURDFKWR DQGGDWDSURYLGHG0RUHRYHUWKHUHDUHVWLOO services to increase corruption reporting. ¿QDQFLDOPDQDJHPHQWDQGSD\PHQWV PDQ\JDSVLQWKHJRYHUQPHQW¶VHϑRUWVWR 7KHLUGDWDZDVODWHUXWLOLVHGE\%KDVNDU5DRD proactively disclose information and data of WUDQVSRUWFRPPLVVLRQHULQ.DUQDWDNDWRFUHDWHSo here is the issue that everyone involved in SXEOLFUHOHYDQFH reforms in the motor vehicles department. 6PDUW&LW\WKLQNLQJSODQQLQJDQGH[HFXWLRQ &LWL]HQVQRZDSSO\IRUGULYHU¶VOLFHQFHVRQOLQHQHHGVWRGHDOZLWK KRZFDQZH¿QGDEHWWHU Technology is one of the many tools that can in order to eliminate potential demands for ZD\RIIXQGLQJLQQRYDWLYHSURMHFWVWKDWGRHV help address these gaps. 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Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 328 CH 13: FINANCE AND PAYMENTS Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy: REAL-TIME LAND REVENUE TRACKING TRANSFORMS JAMAICA KH(VWDWH0DQDJHPHQW'LYLVLRQSDUWRIWKH 7KHSURMHFWUHFHLYHGIXQGLQJIURPWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ -DPDLFDQ1DWLRQDO/DQG$JHQF\ 1/$ PDQDJHV DQG-DPDLFDQ1/$SDUWQHUHGZLWK&RXQFLOPHPEHU &UHDWHDFLW\ZLGH VRPHSDUFHOVRIODQGVRZQHGE\WKH 7KRPVRQ5HXWHUVWRSURYLGHWKHLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHP² GDWDPDQDJHPHQW T&RPPLVVLRQHURI/DQGRUDSSUR[LPDWHO\RIDOO WKH$XPHQWXPVRIWZDUHSODWIRUP transparency and SDUFHOVRQWKHLVODQG7KHDUFKLYH²WKHPHPRU\EDQN VKDULQJSROLF\ IRUDOOODQGWUDQVDFWLRQV²KDVVRPH¿OHVZLWK As a result of improved technology application in DQDYHUDJHRISDJHVRIWUDQVDFWLRQDOGRFXPHQWV -DPDLFDJUHDWHULQIRUPDWLRQDERXWODQGFRQYH\DQFH Decisions about how SHU¿OH,Q-DPDLFDWKHUHZHUHFRQFHUQVDVWRKRZ WUDQVDFWLRQVDUHFROOHFWHGDQGDUHPRUHZLGHO\ these governments VHFXUHWKHSDSHUUHFRUGVZHUHDVSDSHUGRFXPHQWVDUH GLVWULEXWHGWRLQWHUQDODQGH[WHUQDOVWDNHKROGHUV manage land resources prone to decay in the tropical Jamaican climate. 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We’ve hinted at this next point before, but now we’re just going to say it: Technology is the easy part. The hard part is turning ideas into action. Fortunately, help is at hand from those who have gone before. In reviewing hundreds of successful pilots and interviewing dozens of experts, several themes have emerged, which we have shared on the pages that follow. 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IDEAS TO ACTION CREATING YOUR ROADMAP WƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ Enabler Universal Targets Implementation Progress ПͲŚŝŐŚ How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance None Partial OverComplete 50% РͲŵĞĚŝƵŵ OLYDELOLW\ZRUNDELOLW\DQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\ СͲůŽǁ $FKLHYHDFFHVVLELOLW\RSWLPL]DWLRQ 6XSSOHPHQW LQFOXGLQJSK\VLFDODQGZHEDFFHVVLELOLW\ Inclusivity )RUPXODWHFLWL]HQUHSRUWLQJIUDPHZRUNIRURXWFRPHWKLQNLQJ Achieve citizen engagement Create institutional framework Collaborativity 6XSSOHPHQW DFURVVPXOWLSOHWUDQVLWV\VWHPV 3XUVXHPXOWLODWHUDOFROODERUDWLRQ $FKLHYHH[LVWLQJLQIUDVWUXFWXUHRSWLPL]DWLRQ Instigate ‘soft mobility’ Governance )DFLOLWDWHUHYHQXHJHQHUDWLRQIRUWKHFLW\ 6XSSOHPHQW XVLQJGHPDQGEDVHGURDGXVHUFKDUJLQJ Implement optimal instrumentation • Supplement: for all transportation modes (Transportation) Instrumentation 6XSSOHPHQW DFURVVWKHZDWHUVKHG :DWHUDQG:DVWHZDWHU (QVXUHXQLYHUVDOKLJKVSHHGEURDGEDQGDFFHVV 7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV Ensure a citywide wireless network (Telecommunications) Connectivity Connect devices with citywide, multi-service communications Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 354 CH 14: IDEAS TO ACTION CREATING YOUR ROADMAP WƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ Enabler Universal Targets Implementation Progress ПͲŚŝŐŚ How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance None Partial OverComplete 50% РͲŵĞĚŝƵŵ OLYDELOLW\ZRUNDELOLW\DQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\ СͲůŽǁ Adhere to open standards 8VHRSHQLQWHJUDWLRQDUFKLWHFWXUHVDQGORRVHO\FRXSOHGLQWHUIDFHV Prioritize use of legacy investments Interoperability 6XSSOHPHQW LQFOXGLQJSK\VLFDOO\VWRUHGGDWD 3XEOLF6DIHW\ (QDEOHGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQZLWKLQWHUFRQQHFWLRQVWDQGDUGV (QHUJ\ (QDEOHPXOWLFKDQQHODFFHVVWRDQLQWHJUDWHGFXVWRPHUWUDQVSRUWDWLRQ account (Transportation) 3XEOLVKSULYDF\UXOHV Create a security framework Security and Privacy ,PSOHPHQWF\EHUVHFXULW\ De-identify patient and student data for storage in the cloud (Health and Human Services) Create a citywide data management, transparency and sharing policy • Supplement: including energy usage data (Energy) Data Management 6XSSOHPHQW LQFOXGLQJZDWHUXVDJHGDWD :DWHUDQG:DVWHZDWHU Architect a single health history for citizens (Health and Human Services) Consider a cloud computing framework 8VHDQRSHQLQQRYDWLRQSODWIRUP Computing Resources Have access to a central GIS Have access to comprehensive device management Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 355 CH 14: IDEAS TO ACTION CREATING YOUR ROADMAP WƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ Enabler Universal Targets Implementation Progress ПͲŚŝŐŚ How smart cities deploy and use ICT to enhance None Partial OverComplete 50% РͲŵĞĚŝƵŵ OLYDELOLW\ZRUNDELOLW\DQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\ СͲůŽǁ Achieve full situational awareness 6XSSOHPHQW DFURVVWKHZDWHUVKHGDQGLQIRUPHGE\ZHDWKHUGDWD :DWHUDQG:DVWHZDWHU Achieve operational optimization 6XSSOHPHQW IRUVXVWDLQDELOLW\HϒFLHQF\DQGFOHDQOLQHVVDQGVDIHW\ :DWHUDQG:DVWHZDWHU Analytics Achieve asset optimization Pursue predictive analytics • Supplement: integrate all transport modes for multi-modal transportation optimization (Transportation) Automate fault and outage management (Energy) $XWRPDWHIDXOWDQGOHDNPDQDJHPHQW :DWHUDQG:DVWHZDWHU Segment and personalize programs for customers (Energy) Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 356 CH 14: IDEAS TO ACTION Appendix On the pages that follow, learn more about the work of the Smart Cities Council and its partner companies and advisors who rank among the world’s foremost experts on smart cities. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 357 CH 15: APPENDEX INTRODUCING SMART CITIES COUNCIL INDIA LEAD PARTNERS Cities seeking expert guidance regarding their smart city initiatives will discover valuable partners in the companies featured on the pages that follow. TYCO ESSEL INFRA ORANGE SMART CITY THOMSON ROUTER 3M 3DUWQHUVDUHOLVWHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHGDWHWKH\MRLQHGWKH&RXQFLO ORQJHVWVWDQGLQJPHPEHUVDSSHDU¿UVW Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 358 CH 15: APPENDIX 7\FRLVWKHZRUOG¶VODUJHVWSXUHSOD\¿UHDQG across geographies and industries, and deploy the security company. Tyco provides more than three right solutions rapidly. million customers around the globe with the ODWHVW¿UHSURWHFWLRQDQGVHFXULW\SURGXFWVDQG services. A $10+ billion company, Tyco has more In the most challenging and demanding than 57,000 employees in 900 locations in nearly environments, we help our customers achieve 50 countries serving the world’s most demanding their safety, security and business goals. HQYLURQPHQWVLQFOXGLQJEDQNLQJDQG¿QDQFLDO services, oil and gas, marine, government, For more than half a century, Tyco has been healthcare, retail, home security, transportation delivering the latest solutions to unique business and commercial and industrial challenges. Today, the passion to protect what matters most is stronger than ever. With a Our 57,000 employees in over 900 locations tradition of customized service and a passion around the world take a consultative approach for technology and innovation, Tyco develops WRGHOLYHULQJWDLORUHGLQGXVWU\VSHFL¿FVROXWLRQV SUDFWLFDOLQWHJUDWHG¿UHSURWHFWLRQDQGVHFXULW\ Our global reach allows us to anticipate changes solutions for increasingly complex environments Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 359 CH 15: APPENDEX Established in 1976, Essel Group, led by its Essel Infraprojects is among the top 5 Chairman Dr. Subhash Chandra, is amongst infrastructure companies in India pioneering India’s most prominent business houses with a in infrastructure and integrated utilities space diverse portfolio of assets in Media, Technology, comprising three strategic business units (SBU) Entertainment, Packaging, Infrastructure, comprising (a) Core Infra comprising of Transport Education, Healthy Lifestyle & Wellness, Financial (Roads, Airports, Metros & Monorails), Power Services and Precious Metals, with worldwide Transmission & Distribution, Urban Infrastructure operations and a workforce of over 10,000 (b) Green consisting of Municipal Solid Waste, dedicated employees Waste Water Treatment and Water Desalination, Renewable Energy (Solar, Hydro and Wind), and (VVHO,QIUDSURMHFWV/WGWKHÀDJVKLS (c) Integrated Utilities (Power Distribution, Water Infrastructure vertical of Essel Group, Distribution, Solid Waste Management and Cable headquartered in Mumbai, India, aims to & Broadband). transform quality of lives of people through its various projects in line with the Essel Group’s The Company has embarked on an exciting philosophy of “Faith in innovative and organized and ambitious roadmap to transform the urban growth”. Indian landscape by actively partnering with the Government of India for 100 Smart Cities initiatives. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 360 CH 15: APPENDIX 2UDQJH6PDUW&LW\LVDUHYROXWLRQDU\JUHHQ¿HOG urban markets of Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Pune and smart industrial development in close proximity Nasik, with a populace base of over 20 million, WR,QGLD¶V¿QDQFLDOFDSLWDO0XPEDL,WLV are inside the catchment areas of the Orange envisaged to be a city of the future that offers 6PDUW&LW\7KHSURMHFWVLWHLVDWWKHFRQÀXHQFH the best of business, living, learning, recreation, of various industrial, knowledge and economic health and smart solutions. FRUULGRUVDQGIDOOVZLWKLQWKHLQÀXHQFH]RQHRI the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor, thereby Spread over 1,000 acres, Orange Smart City offers presenting unique development opportunities. the state-of-the-art infrastructure and globally benchmarked smart features amidst stunning natural surroundings. It enjoys excellent national and international connectivity and is strategically located close to the Jawaharlal Nehru Port, the proposed Navi Mumbai International airport, and the proposed Mumbai Trans Harbour Link. Huge Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 361 CH 15: APPENDEX Thomson Reuters provides professionals with SURSHUW\PRUHHI¿FLHQW2XU$XPHQWXPVROXWLRQV the intelligence, technology and human expertise are helping transform public taxation and land WKH\QHHGWR¿QGWUXVWHGDQVZHUV:HHQDEOH administration in more than 1000 jurisdictions SURIHVVLRQDOVLQWKH¿QDQFLDODQGULVNOHJDOWD[ and 40 countries around the world. and accounting, intellectual property and science and media markets to make the decisions that Aumentum delivers sustainable, automated tax matter most, all powered by the world’s most and land administration solutions integrating trusted news organization. Thomson Reuters LQIRUPDWLRQWKDWH[LVWDFURVV\RXURI¿FHVDQG shares are listed on the Toronto and New York agencies. This integration eliminates problems Stock Exchanges (symbol: TRI) associated with redundant data, increases accuracy by reducing manual entry errors, Introduction page: VWUHDPOLQHVZRUNÀRZSURFHVVHVDQGHI¿FLHQWO\ utilizes tight budget dollars. For Smart Cities, this Effective land administration and property results in improved service delivery and provides taxation are essential to good governance around you as well as other policy and decision makers, the world. To achieve it, you need solutions that businesses and private citizens more timely enhance revenue generation fairly—making the access to information enhancing transparency process of measuring, managing and taxing DQGLQFUHDVLQJSXEOLFFRQ¿GHQFH Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 362 CH 15: APPENDIX 0LVDGLYHUVL¿HGWHFKQRORJ\FRPSDQ\VHUYLQJ 3M has over a 100 year track record of being one customers and communities with innovative of the most innovative companies worldwide. SURGXFWVDQGVHUYLFHV(DFKRIRXU¿YHEXVLQHVVHV In 2014, 3M earned its 100,000th patent, a are committed to making our customers lives testament to the strength and resilience of our easier and better innovation engine and we continue to earn an average of 3,000 patents every year. With $32 billion in sales and operations in more than 70 countries, 3M sells more than 60,000 We reduce the weight of power lines so they products and employs close to 90,000 people can carry more power to more people. We help worldwide who collaborate actively to design, manufacturers use less while accomplishing manufacture and engage in the delivery of more. We automate health care data so the right innovative products & services. 3M Science is people get the right information. Across the the foundation of our 46 technology platforms globe, 3M is inspiring innovation and igniting that combine in unique and imaginative ways, progress, all while contributing to true global leading to innovative solutions for a variety sustainable development through environmental of industries like Automotive, Commercial protection, corporate and social responsibility and Solutions, Communications, Consumer, Design economic progress. We are applying our science & Construction, Electronics, Energy, Health and innovation to make a real impact in every Care, Manufacturing, Mining, Oil & Gas, Safety & person’s life around the world. Transportation. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 363 CH 15: APPENDEX INTRODUCING SMART CITIES COUNCIL INDIA ASSOCIATE PARTNERS Cities seeking expert guidance regarding their smart city initiatives will discover valuable partners in the companies featured on the pages that follow. EXCELIZE VOTARY TEXCH FLUENTGRID CORNING TE CONNECTIVITY 3DUWQHUVDUHOLVWHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHGDWHWKH\MRLQHGWKH&RXQFLO ORQJHVWVWDQGLQJPHPEHUVDSSHDU¿UVW Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 364 CH 15: APPENDIX ([FHOL]HKDYLQJLWVPDUNHWLQJRI¿FHLQ86 ,QGLDDQGSURGXFWLRQFHQWHULQ VotaryTech, promptly rooted in the mobile technology industry with the vision India, is a pioneer in BIM (Building Information Modeling) & CAD for various of excelling in the domain, is focused on delivering the pre-eminent qualities in engineering and construction sectors. We help construction companies, result-oriented outputs, having world-class standards in constant check. Combining general & specialty contractors, architects, engineers and building owners to technological innovation and experience, Votary’s engineers have developed most of VHDPOHVVO\LQWHJUDWH%,0WHFKQRORJ\LQWRWKHLUSURMHFWVZLWKLQWKHLUSUHGH¿QHG the in-house multi-platform solutions and services, in both legacy and modern mobile timelines, standards and budget thereby ensuring maximum return on their platforms. They successfully work on various mobile platforms such as Android, investment. We follow a well-structured production process along with a iPhone, Windows, 4G LTE, 3G, WIFI, Bluetooth, RFID, NFC, Qt, BlackBerry, Tizen, UH¿QHGTXDOLW\DVVXUDQFHSURFHGXUHWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHSURMHFWREMHFWLYHVDUH Bada and BrewMP. met to the satisfaction of the client. In a short period of time, Votary has established relations with some of the major Excelize is a leading offshore production AEC and BIM services company Fortune 500 companies in the world and have exhibited tremendous growth. This presently assisting some of the top Globally listed Architects, Design Build was no coincidence but a combination of technological competence with over two DQG*HQHUDO&RQWUDFWLQJ¿UPVLQ860LGGOH(DVW(XURSHDVZHOODVLQ$VLD decades of indelible mobile technology experience. for their projects worldwide. With about a decade’s experience in offshore AEC business, today we are 50+ technically staffed professionals, assisting our Our mission: clients at different phases of their projects (right from concept to completion) limiting our self as their extended production AEC & BIM arm. Help our customers WIN the Market: Architects, Engineers and Production staff in Excelize have worked on various national-international BIM and AEC projects and have a sound knowledge of • By providing innovative, next generation solutions and world class battle ready different global standards and codes. Educational, Healthcare, Institutional, talent Hospitality, Workplaces, Retail, Residential projects are the market segments we focus for our services with over 31 million sq.ft of BIM work done till date. %\LGHQWLI\LQJWKHJDSVDQGRIIHULQJVHUYLFHVWRTXLFNO\¿OOWKHVDPH Excelize has been specializing in BIM solutions, architectural BIM services, Areas of operation: BIM coordination, BIM clash detection and BIM families, since 2004. With an established clientele in USA, UK and India, Excelize is expanding its reach in VT operates in the areas of Technology Solutions Development, Mobile Platform other regions like MINA, Australia and European countries. Testing, System Engineering, System Architecture & Design, Platform and Product Validation, Consultancy services, Offshore/Offsite Development Centre, Resource ([FHOL]HLVDJOREDODUFKLWHFWXUDOVHUYLFHV¿UPWKDWVSHFLDOL]HVLQSURYLGLQJ Augmentation and safety related technologies. Building Information Modeling (BIM Solutions) & Design Management Services (DMS) to General Contractors, Design Build Contractors, Real Estate 'HYHORSHUV$UFKLWHFWXUHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ¿UPV Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 365 CH 15: APPENDEX Fluentgrid Limited (Formerly Phoenix IT Solutions Ltd.) offers ICT solutions 7RGD\¶VZRUOGGHSHQGVRQIDVWÀRZLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDQGSOHQW\RI EDVHGRQLWVP3RZHUVRIWZDUHVXLWHWRIDFLOLWDWHXQLQWHUUXSWHGÀRZRI it Corning continues to revolutionise the way data keeps moving multiple utility services in a smart city through coordinated instrumentation, Faster Broadband and Beyond centralized command center, precise automated metering, accurate billing, revenue collection, participative governance, multi-channel citizen Internet users – consumers and business organisations alike – are engagement and deeper insights into city data for continuous improvement. sending, receiving and storing more data than ever before. With network usage doubling every couple of years, worldwide demand )OXHQWJULG/LPLWHGLVLPSOHPHQWLQJDORQJZLWK,%0,QGLD¶V)LUVW*UHHQ¿HOG for bandwidth is also sky rocketing. That’s putting extra pressure Smart City Project – Pallava City in Maharashtra. Fluentgrid Won the on the edges of networks, closest to where the data is created. Prestigious IBM Beacon Finalist Award 2015 in the Outstanding Smart Cities It’s no easy task to create seamless bandwidth capacity across Solutions Category. continents or within a complex environment like a hospital, data centre or sports stadium. But as a world leader in this market, Fluentgrid leverages its proven mPower™ suite of robust software products, Corning provides a powerful combination of optical solutions to extensive domain expertise and successful project execution ability to offer meet the very toughest of network demands. turnkey integrated solutions for transforming utilities and cities with lower TCO and faster RoI. mPower CIS™, a revenue and customer management We helped to enable the Internet explosion when our scientists product suite, is featured in Gartner Magic Quadrant for utility CIS systems GHYHORSHGWKHZRUOG¶V¿UVWORZORVVRSWLFDO¿EUHLQ %XLOGLQJ consecutively in 2013, 2014 and 2015. mPower MDMS™, a smart grid RQWKHNQRZOHGJHWKDWRSWLFDO¿EUHIDUVXUSDVVHVFRSSHULQWHUPV product, is positioned in Gartner Magic Quadrant 2014 for Utilities – Meter of bandwidth capacity – while also being strong, lightweight, and Data Management products. Fluentgrid has proven solutions for utilities to ÀH[LEOH±ZHTXLFNO\H[SDQGHGRXUSURGXFWVDQGLQQRYDWLRQV increase revenue realization, improve customer satisfaction, facilitate smart Fibre-to-the-home, wireless, data centre solutions and consumer metering, enable smart grids and optimize asset utilization. Their solution products are all part of our innovative portfolio. Today, we continue offerings are based on an advanced technology framework that allows WRVHWWKHVWDQGDUGIRUWKHFXWWLQJHGJH¿EUHFDEOHFRQQHFWLYLW\ seamless integration of multiple applications, services and devices in a and wireless solutions to keep the world more connected than ever future proof manner. The solution framework helps achieve business agility, before. Our innovations also help our customers – in healthcare, anywhere information access, multi-modal communication, multi-device JRYHUQPHQW¿QDQFHDQGDKRVWRIRWKHULQGXVWULHV±WRWDNHIXOO integration, business intelligence and enterprise integration through service advantage of emerging phenomena like remote storage, cloud oriented architecture. FRPSXWLQJDQG¿EUHWRWKHGHVNWRS Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 366 CH 15: APPENDIX As a leading communication network infrastructure prodvider we will be a With a PLM system in place, the network manager knows the state of the prime driver of connectivity network in real time, and can plan for capacity and access changes as needed. TE’s physical layer management solution is a hardware and software system In the future cities, an adequate telecommunications infrastructure will be vital that allows you in real-time to know when and where physical connectivity for business and industry as well as residents. changes take place in network. TE - Broadband Network Solution - makes it possible for power and massive YROXPHVRIGDWDDQGVLJQDOWRPRYHHI¿FLHQWO\DQGUHOLDEO\VRDZKROHZRUOG of information can move seamlessly from origination to destination from the data center, to the desktop, the chip and right to the device in the palm of your hand and back 6PDUW¿EHULQIUDVWUXFWXUH The demand for data is growing at an astronomical rate —data that will largely EHGHOLYHUHGWKURXJK¿EHURSWLFFDEOHVWKDWUXQDFURVVWKHRFHDQWRDQGIURP GDWDFHQWHUVRI¿FHVZLUHOHVVEDVHVWDWLRQVDFFHVVSRLQWVLQVLGHKRPHV and devices, and directly to the chip. Fiber is the backbone of the world’s information infrastructure, enabling society’s ever-increasing reliance on high-speed, media-rich communications. At TE - Broadband Network Solution, ZHPDNH¿EHUFRPHDOLYHIURPRULJLQDWLRQWRGHVWLQDWLRQ²SURYLGLQJ¿EHU connectivity solutions that enable every modern Telecom, Cable and Wireless QHWZRUN:KHWKHULW¶VIRULQEXLOGLQJFHQWUDORI¿FHGDWDFHQWHUDQGHQWHUSULVH applications or meeting the rigorous challenges of buried, aerial and undersea outdoor networks around the globe. Smart physical layer management Smart cities rely on networks of sensors in everything from parking spaces to heating and cooling systems. And while most of the attention has been on sensors and software for interpreting masses of smart city data, a smart city isn’t so smart if the physical network breaks down. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 367 CH 15: APPENDEX INTRODUCING SMART CITIES COUNCIL LEAD PARTNERS Cities seeking expert guidance regarding their smart city initiatives will discover valuable partners in the companies featured on the pages that follow. IBM MasterCard Itron Enel Alstom Ooredoo Microsoft Daimler GE Cubic Transportation Systems Cisco Allied Telesis S&C Electric Co. Schneider Electric Bechtel Verizon Qualcomm SAS Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 368 CH 15: APPENDIX As a leading producer of smart technologies and IBM worked with the city of Madrid to improve city life services, IBM is pleased to lend its expertise to the for three million citizens through a project that will use Smart Cities Council’s efforts to support and IBM’s Smarter Cities technology to improve the educate city leaders, planners and citizens. efficiency of city services and provide citizens new tools to interact and communicate with the city council. Cities everywhere are reinventing themselves to better integrate across functions and collaborate Leveraging big data and analytics, IBM helped Madrid with new partners to create and nurture the transform its supplier management model by allowing strong, differentiating identities that attract new the city to manage and pay each service provider based citizens and businesses. on the attainment of service levels. The platform integrates information provided by citizens with other Combining world-class business, industry and data streaming in from sensors, devices, cameras, technology expertise, IBM is able to apply innova- inspectors and suppliers as well as data from human tion to help cities achieve their objectives. Drawing resource management, job scheduling and geographic on thousands of client engagements across virtu- information systems to provide a comprehensive view ally every industry, only IBM offers the experience of city services. that today’s challenges demand. By helping Madrid manage an inventory of more than IBM smarter cities resources: five million assets – ranging from park swings to traffic • Smarter Cities press kit cameras – and the contracts of service suppliers, the • Smarter Cities web page project will deliver results for citizens by improving the management of public services such as street • White Paper: Smarter, More Competitive Cities maintenance, lighting, irrigation, trees and green spaces • People for Smarter Cities and waste management. • Smarter Cities You Tube Channel Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 369 CH 15: APPENDEX “By enabling cities to better manage energy and take action. We believe Smart City initiatives will Itron’s water AMI solution helps the City of water resources, Itron believes that, with collabora- be incredibly important in the 21st century. Kalgoorlie, Australia to manage resources more tion and innovation, we can help cities not only Currently, more than half of the world’s population eff ectively and provide greater control over water adapt to address challenges, but also thrive. By lives in towns and cities for the fi rst time in history, wastage. Learn more > drawing on today’s best minds and technology, which puts a strain on energy and water resources. the Smart Cities Council and its members are In addition to the strain on resources, there is also Itron’s Mobile AMR solution allowed Alabama Gas committed to achieving just that.” an incredible amount of energy and water lost due Corporation to reduce CO2 emissions with fewer – Russ Vanos, Itron’s senior vice president of strategy to waste – approximately 30% of all treated water is vehicles while gaining greater meter reading effi- and business development lost and electricity losses cost utilities $24B per year. ciency. Learn more > In order to ensure sustainability and viability of our Itron is a world-leading technology and services cities for future generations, smart technology company dedicated to the resourceful use of ener- needs to be utilized to reduce waste and empower gy and water. We provide comprehensive solutions people to manage and conserve resources. that measure, manage and analyze energy and water. Our broad product portfolio includes electric- Itron is collaborating with Microsoft to provide ity, gas, water and thermal energy measurement actionable data to help cities meet their objectives devices and control technology; communications to reduce their carbon footprint and lower energy systems; software; as well as managed and consult- consumption. Learn more > ing services. With thousands of employees support- ing nearly 8,000 customers in more than 100 countries, Smart City innovation has turned Uptown Itron applies knowledge and technology to better Charlotte into a living laboratory. Envision manage energy and water resources. Together, we can create a more resourceful world. Join us: www. itron.com Charlotte Executive Director Amy Aussieker shares As a founding member and lead partner in the insights about the project. Learn more > Smart Cities Council, Itron is helping to advance Smart City initiatives at a time when it is critical to Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 370 CH 15: APPENDIX As a leading producer of smart technologies and demonstration projects in the US and Europe, with services, Alstom Grid is pleased to lend its partners from both the public and private sectors. expertise to the Smart Cities Council’s efforts to support and educate city leaders, planners and The North Carolina Smart Grid Project in the USA citizens. led by the US Department of Energy (DoE)is designed to integrate distributed energy resources To meet today’s increasing global energy demands into the electrical grid efficiently in order to help and challenges, networks must evolve and become the DoE reach its smart grid targets for 2030, smarter. Alstom Grid enables an efficient transmis- including a 40% improvement in system efficiency. sion and distribution of The NiceGrid smart district project developed with electricity and supports the development of Smart the French Distribution System Operator ERDF, Grids and Supergrids with engineered solutions for located in the city of Nice (French Riviera), aims at applications in utility and industry settings; updating developing several microgrids with integrated existing grids, integrating and customizing solutions renewable energy sources and electricity such as alternating current and direct current storage with a scalable and cloud-based substations, from medium up to ultra-high voltages. IT platform. Alstom Grid is a key player in developing and implementing solutions to manage electric grids in the new era of increasing renewable energies and distributed energy resources, by enabling real-time, two-way management of electricity and information. At the heart of the Smart Grid revolution, its solutions provide immediate benefits in many eco-city projects, thus enabling end-consumers to benefit from better energy consumption. Alstom Grid’s knowhow is displayed in over 30 large scale Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 371 CH 15: APPENDEX Founded in 1975, Microsoft is the worldwide leader in apps to provide additional value to citizen services, software, services, devices and solutions that help reach a broader population of citizens, and engage people and businesses realize their full potential. citizens and businesses more deeply with intelligent Microsoft CityNext is an extension of that vision with experiences. This includes connections between a people-first approach to innovation that empowers governments and citizens, governments and busi- government, businesses and citizens to shape the nesses, and other governments. future of their city. People-first means harnessing all • Accelerate innovation and opportunity through the ideas, energy and expertise of a city’s people as it programs that prepare youth to become the next creates a more digital, healthy, educated, safe, and generation of highly skilled workers, nurture entre- sustainable place to live. preneurs’ bold ideas, and create jobs that help cities compete in the global marketplace by delivering With a broad suite of platform and productivity solu- excellent education, use data from the Internet of tions for a mobile-first, cloud-first world, a vast global Things to develop new services and businesses, and network of partners, and a history of successful attract talent and new business with a modern education and social programs, Microsoft CityNext infrastructure. helps cities find the right answers for their local chal- lenges and opportunities. Through a people-first approach and strategic part- nerships, cities can enable sustainable cycles of inno- With Microsoft CityNext’s partners, we are committed vation, opportunity, and progress for years to come. to helping cities: • Transform operations and infrastructure with Find out how Microsoft CityNext and our partners are Microsoft CityNext and our partners’ solutions by enabling cities worldwide to harness the new era of connecting systems, data, and people across depart- innovation. ments to make information more accessible and Learn more -> services more affordable Microsoft CityNext helps city leaders turn their smart • Engage citizens and businesses by enabling real- city vision into reality. time communication services through devices and Learn more -> Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 372 CH 15: APPENDIX Imagine a world that connects data to people to releasing it so that your developers can leverage its From curbing street-lighting costs to improving traf- machines, making lives better in the cities where advanced computing power and built-in integra- fic monitoring, enhancing pedestrian crosswalk people work, live and explore. It’s a world where city tions to develop innovative applications across detection, mitigating illegal dumping and monitor- leaders could tap into endless intelligence to elimi- industries. We have transformed our business and ing adverse weather conditions, the potential solu- nate costly redundancies and develop a more work- invite you to join us on this path as we ignite the tions from this technology are endless. Learn more able and livable community. next Industrial Revolution together. Learn more at about the pilot programs. gesoftware.com and predix.io. That world is here, and it’s powered by Predix™ , GE’s GE supports the Smart Cities Council’s vision to cloud platform for the Industrial Internet. Through Seeing More than Light transform urban areas into more livable, workable GE’s Intelligent Environments for Cities solution, One of GE’s Intelligent Environments for Cities solu- and sustainable communities. As a technology communities around the world will experience tions uses LED street lighting and wireless sensors to company, sustainability is embedded in GE’s culture pioneering solutions from such businesses as GE connect, collect and analyze data, harnessing the and business strategy. Working to solve some of the Software, GE Lighting, GE Healthcare and GE Power power of the Industrial Internet to solve countless world’s biggest challenges inspires our thinking and & Water. At GE, we look at innovation through a challenges facing cities and communities across the drives our actions. broad lens. By taking breakthroughs in one business globe. and applying them to others, we push expectations Visit www.ge.com to learn more. and change the idea of what’s possible – all for the Cities on both U.S. coasts are piloting the Intelligent benefit of cities around the globe. Cities technology to help solve these challenges and enhance the quality of life for residents and visitors. GE Software is bringing the Industrial Internet to life In San Diego, California, sensor technology has been by connecting minds and machines through innova- added to existing GE LED streetlights, with a focus tive technology. In building our applications and GE on parking solutions in its urban core. The city of Predix, we combine decades of experience manufac- Jacksonville, Florida is piloting the solution to access turing industrial machines with cutting-edge data real-time data and focus on increasing efficiency science and analytics expertise. The Predix platform through energy savings and better asset manage- has helped our developers save both GE and our ment of street lights. customers time, energy and money, and now we are Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 373 CH 15: APPENDEX As world populations shift to urban areas, commu- nity leaders are pressed for answers to related problems. These include overcrowding, pollution, budget and resource constraints, inadequate infra- structures and the need for continuing growth. Cisco Smart+Connected Communities solutions use intelligent networking capabilities to bring together people, services, community assets and information to help community leaders address these world challenges. By connecting the uncon- nected, we can do amazing things to address these real world challenges and create a more sustain- able environment. Cisco Smart+Connected Communities -- help transform physical communities to connected communities and achieve economic, social and environmental sustainability. Transforming communities > Retrofi tting existing cities with smart solutions is the urban challenge of the 21st century. Learn more > Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 374 CH 15: APPENDIX S&C proudly supports the Smart Cities Council in Additional resources: advocating the evolution toward smart, sustainable cities. • Reducing Momentary Outages for Florida Power & Light: Press release Video S&C Electric Company’s innovative solutions for distribution automation and power delivery are • S&C Ties California Utility’s 2-MW Solar PV Project helping cities around the world transition to clean- to the Grid: Case study er and more reliable supplies of electricity required in the 21st century. S&C’s groundbreaking technolo- • Oncor’s Microgrid Solves Electrical Distribution gies can reduce the length and frequency of Challenges: Video power outages, improve energy effi ciency, support • Energy Storage to Smooth Solar Power: Case advanced microgrids and grid-scale energy stor- age, and make it practical to use such variable study renewable-energy sources as wind and solar • Utility-Scale Energy Storage System Islands Re- power on a larger scale. mote Town During Outages: Video Case study With its unmatched heritage of innovation and • Improving Reliability by more than 50% with performance, S&C delivers both products and Self-Healing Technology: Case study services to address not only today’s power grid challenges, but tomorrow’s as well. • What do outages cost cities? Video • Microgrids: An Old Idea with New Potential: Additional information is available at sandc.com. White paper • The Role of Energy Storage in Smart Microgrids: White paper • Smart Microgrid at Illinois Institute of Technolo- Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 375 CH 15: APPENDEX Bechtel is pleased to support the Smart Cities new cities and communities. In order to deliver Council’s aspirations to foster the creation of projects of such magnitude successfully, we smarter cities around the world by sharing our combine smart planning, technical know-how and experience delivering major infrastructure projects an integrated approach to make visions become a and knowledge of planning, financing and sustain- reality. We look forward to sharing the benefits of able solutions. this experience and our knowledge of planning, financing and sustainable solutions, to support the As a company, we work hard to build a more Council’s aspirations to foster the creation of sustainable world. In our work with cities and smarter cities around the world. governments we enhance local communities and improve the quality of life for people around the Since its founding in 1898, Bechtel has worked on world. Time and again our work has demonstrated more than 22,000 projects in 140 countries on all seven that the only limits on human achievement are continents. Today, our 53,000 employees team with those that we place on ourselves. customers, partners and suppliers on diverse proj- ects in nearly 50 countries. We stand apart for our Bechtel is a global leader in engineering, procure- ability to get the job done right - no matter how ment, construction and project management. big, how complex or how remote. www.bechtel. Bechtel’s diverse portfolio encompasses energy, com transportation, communications, mining, oil and gas and government services. We have been privileged to contribute towards some of the most significant urban infrastructure projects around the world, including the Channel Tunnel, Hong Kong International Airport, the Athens Metro system and work on more than 20 Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 376 CH 15: APPENDIX Qualcomm Incorporated is the world leader in 3G, 4G Home Area Connectivity – unsurpassed whole and next-generation wireless home coverage, performance and reliability in an technologies. Qualcomm Incorporated includes energy efficient manner. Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Connected Vehicle – anywhere⁄anytime Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of emergency assistance services, remote monitoring Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its and diagnostics, advanced driver assistance subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s features, GPS and GLONASS-enabled position-loca- engineering, research and development tion features and services. functions, and substantially all of its products and services businesses, including its semiconductor Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging – a simple, no business, QCT. For more than 25 years, Qualcomm fuss way to charge your electric vehicle. No cables, ideas and inventions have driven the evolution of no wires, just park and charge. digital communications, linking people everywhere more closely to information, entertainment and Mobile and Wireless Health – broadband each other. Qualcomm technologies enabling mHealth devices and innovation and technology can be used by cities services for chronic disease management, remote worldwide to provide smart, efficient and sustain- patient monitoring, diagnostic care, as well as able services, including: products associated with general health, wellness, fitness, and aging. Cellular Grid Connectivity – ubiquitous consumer coverage, high bandwidth and real-time communica- Mobile Learning – mobile broadband technologies tions of 3G and LTE cellular networks that enable enabling personalized experiences within critical smart grid collaborative communities, transforming the work functionality such as advanced smart metering, of teachers⁄students in K-20 schooling. demand response, distribution automation, and outage management. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 377 CH 15: APPENDEX MasterCard shares the Smart Cities Council’s vision pants — citizens, merchants, tourists and govern- of a world where digital technologies and intelli- ment —improving life for the city at-large. gent design are harnessed to create smart, sustain- able cities with high-quality living and high-quality Cities are becoming smarter, and whether it is to jobs. simplify internal processes, facilitate micro payments (transit, commerce...), optimize collection MasterCard is a global payments and technology of funds or improve disbursement methods, company. We operate the world’s fastest payments MasterCard is developing inventive ways to processing network, connecting consumers, finan- support Cities digital strategy, drive local business cial institutions, merchants, governments, cities growth, fuel commercial development, increase citi- and businesses in more than 210 countries and zen’s satisfaction and reduce costs. territories. Special and Unique Offers with MasterCard Our products and solutions are advancing the way Priceless Cities. www.priceless.com consumer and business cardholders around the world shop, dine, travel, and manage their money, London bus passengers speed enabling transactions that drive global commerce up their journey times with contactless card payments. and improve peoples’ lives. London bus cards > The global journey from cash to cashless: boosting Passionate about innovation, MasterCard is economic growth and advancing financial constantly seeking to develop and test new inclusion. payment channels and digital solutions that are Learn more > safe, simple and smart. Payments touch every aspect of our lives. Digital sharing and trust project: understanding the five online personas. Removing cash from the economy creates far-reaching and cumulative benefits for all partici- Learn more > Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 378 CH 15: APPENDIX Enel is a multi-national power company and a lead- Enel is strongly committed to renewable energy ing integrated player in the world’s power and gas sources and to the research and development of markets, with a particular focus on Europe and new environmentally friendly technologies. Enel Latin America. The Group operates in over 30 coun- Green Power (EGP) is the Group’s publicly listed tries across four continents, generating power from renewable energy generation company, operating over 90 GW of net installed capacity and distributing over 9.8 GW of net installed capacity of hydro, wind, electricity and gas through a network spanning geothermal, solar, biomass and co-generation around 1.9 million km. Enel, with its 61 million end sources in Europe, the Americas and Africa. Enel users worldwide, has the largest customer base Green Power is, technology-wise, the most diversi- among its European peers and is among the lead- fi ed renewable company among its global peers. ing power companies in Europe in terms of installed capacity and reported EBITDA. Enel website > Enel was the fi rst utility in the world to replace the Enel on sustainability > traditional electromechanical meters with smart meters, making it possible to measure consump- Enel on innovation > tion in real time and manage contractual relation- ships remotely. Today, around 32 million Italian retail customers are equipped with smart meters devel- oped and installed by Enel. The Group is deploying an additional 13 million smart meters to its customer base in Spain as well as running pilot tests for the smart cities of Búzios (Brazil) and Santiago (Chile). This innovative tool is key to the development of smart grids, smart cities and electric mobility. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 379 CH 15: APPENDEX Headquartered in Doha, Ooredoo is Qatar’s lead- Estate Development Company, to ensure the ing communications company and is dedicated to development of smart city technology. supporting the Qatar National Vision 2030. Ooredoo is becoming a leader in the provision of Ooredoo has an active strategic and supportive role the network infrastructure required to build the in shaping the telecom and ICT strategies in Qatar Smart Cities of the future, and is leading the efforts as part of its goal to make the country one of the for the first-ever Smart City in Qatar – the state-of- best-connected nations in the world. The “smart the-art Lusail City – which will be supported by city” concept is central to the long-term develop- Ooredoo’s faster and bigger network. Residents ment vision of Qatar, placing technology at the and businesses will have access to a variety of heart of new projects to enable a smart economy, smart services powered by a citywide Ooredoo smart mobility, a cleaner environment and smart Fibre network and managed through a centralised governance. control centre. To support this vision, Ooredoo has developed and The company has introduced a host of cutting- launched a host of next generation technology edge Ooredoo Machine to Machine (M2M) services from smart infrastructure (4G+ and Fibre), smart to Qatar, enabling companies to connect business entertainment, connected cars, next-generation assets directly with each other or with a central education, health and workplace solutions, intelli- command centre, removing the need for human gent transport and smart stadiums, demonstrating involvement, and introducing new solutions the company’s leadership in driving the latest and directly into homes and businesses. the best technology. Ooredoo has also launched The Smart Living- Ooredoo is spearheading this technological boost Baytcom Project – a ‘Proof of Concept Demo by working with a number of leading enterprises House’ filled with smart living concepts. including KT Corporation of Korea and Lusail Real Ooredoo website > Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 380 CH 15: APPENDIX About Daimler AG: batteries and fuel cells. This is just one example of technological, social and cultural developments how we willingly accept the challenge of meeting with a view to developing new and profitable Daimler AG is one of the world’s most successful our responsibility towards society and the business solutions. Numerous pilot projects initiat- automotive companies. With its divisions environment. ed in recent years have already led to the estab- Mercedes-Benz Cars, Daimler Trucks, Mercedes- lishment of successful corporate units such as Benz Vans, Daimler Buses and Daimler Financial Daimler sells its vehicles and services in nearly all car2go, moovel or the Mercedes-Benz Driving Services, the Daimler Group is one of the biggest the countries of the world and has production facili- Academy. There are now Business Innovation producers of premium cars and the world’s biggest ties on five continents. Its current brand portfolio teams based all over the world. As well as at the manufacturer of commercial vehicles with a global includes, in addition to the world’s most valuable headquarters office in Stuttgart, they are to be to reach. Daimler Financial Services provides financ- premium automotive brand, Mercedes-Benz, the be found in Istanbul, São Paulo, Beijing, Buenos ing, leasing, fleet management, insurance and brands smart, Freightliner, Western Star, BharatBenz, Aires and Sunnyvale, California. innovative mobility services. Fuso, Setra, Thomas Built Buses, moovel and car2go. The company is listed on the stock exchanges of The company’s founders, Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Frankfurt and Stuttgart (stock exchange symbol Benz, made history with the invention of the auto- DAI). In 2014, the Group sold 2.5 million vehicles and mobile in the year 1886. As a pioneer of automotive employed a workforce of 279,972 people; revenue engineering, we continue to shape the future of totaled €129.9 billion and EBIT amounted to €10.8 mobility today: Our focus is on innovative and green billion. technologies as well as on safe and superior automo- biles that appeal to and fascinate our customers. For many years now, Daimler has been investing contin- About Business Innovation: ually in the development of alternative drive systems with the goal of making emission-free driving possi- Since 2007 the Business Innovation department has ble in the long term. So in addition to vehicles with been Daimler’s lab for innovative business ideas hybrid drive, we now have the broadest range of that reach out well beyond the company’s core locally emission-free electric vehicles powered by business of automotive manufacturing. Business Innovation tracks current trends and monitors Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 381 CH 15: APPENDEX Cities around the world are facing the growing standing of demand allows for better understand- problem of aging and overburdened infrastructure, ing of supply and capacity needs. needing to carry more people but without the abili- ty to move those people effectively. What’s the This data also empowers the travelers with infor- answer? Cubic is doing this through NextCity, our mation they can use to choose the best mode of vision for the future of urban mobility. travel as well as to know what and where the slow- downs or service alerts are to aid their journey At Cubic, we love to solve problems and help trav- planning. elers pay their fares quickly and safely through the revenue management and Intelligent Transport Transport for London in partnership with Cubic is Systems (ITS) systems and tools we deliver to transforming the payment experience in one of the world’s biggest cities. Learn more > choose the smartest and easiest way to travel and pay for their journeys. NextCity takes us further than we’ve ever been before. Learn more > We also enable transportation authorities and agencies to manage demand across the entire transportation network – all in real time. Today, all of our payment and information technol- ogy and services have been merged into an over- arching vision called NextCity. Through NextCity and its subsystems, we are able to extract the data from our electronic payment systems and other system sensors. This data becomes actionable information for transportation operators to under- stand what their ridership is doing – where they come from, where they go, the routes they take and the times at which they travel. Better under- Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 382 CH 15: APPENDIX Allied Telesis maintains a long history of helping tion of their installed area, and taking the opera- cities implement their visions of interconnected, tions of a municipality to a new level of efficiency smarter operations on a citywide basis. and safety. Using Allied Telesis EtherGRID solutions, city planners can fully integrate historical data Using the Company’s resilient switching products about operations in their cities with sensor inputs, and sophisticated network monitoring services, give a real-time view of current events, and utilize cities around the world have deployed IP video advanced spatial analytics. These capabilities cameras, and made hospitals and homes smarter provide planners and city managers the tools need- and more livable. Allied Telesis wireless solutions ed to elevate planning and decision-making to a allow cell-based or blanket technologies to cover new level of eff ectiveness. anything from small businesses to large venues with exceptional bandwidth and service. Allied Telesis website We are at the start of a revolution with Smart Learn more > Gigabit Cities around the globe. Cities that enable people to communicate at gigabit speeds on wire- Communications solutions Learn more > less and wireline networks are well positioned to attract the best and brightest business leaders, Education solutions while enabling economic prosperity. The Internet of Learn more > Things (IoT) and Smart Gigabit Cities are synony- mous, and represent key aspects of any city revital- Healthcare solutions ization process. Learn more > Smart Gigabit Cities deploying integrated safety Transportation solutions solutions from Allied Telesis are able to protect and Learn more > serve their communities by integrating a plethora of sensor types, providing a geospatial representa- Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 383 CH 15: APPENDEX As a leading provider of smart city solutions and integration, Schneider Electric is able to effectively services, Schneider Electric is pleased to lend its bridge traditional information silos. The group’s expertise to the Smart Cities Council’s efforts to innovative solutions and pragmatic integration support and educate city leaders, planners, and capabilities combine both operational and infor- citizens. mation technology, for impactful implementations that deliver the short-term, visible, maximum A global specialist in energy management with return on investment results that cities need. operations in more than 100 countries, Schneider Electric offers integrated solutions across multiple Learn more about Schneider Electric’s smart city market segments, including leadership positions in solutions. Utilities & Infrastructures, Industries & Machine Manufacturers, Non-residential Buildings, Data Centres & Networks and the Residential sector. The Schneider Electric helps to advance a smart city at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains group is focused on making energy safe, reliable, efficient, productive and green, through an active Learn more > commitment to helping individuals and organisa- tions make the most of their energy. German city consolidates building management and cuts energy use with Schneider Electric solutions Schneider Electric delivers urban efficiency. The Learn more > group is a trusted partner in cities around the world and works collaboratively with visionary city White papers: leadership, engaged stakeholders, and a dynamic • Urban Mobility in the Smart City Age network of partners to address each city’s unique challenges. With solution and services expertise in • The Smart City Cornerstone: Urban Efficiency the critical infrastructure areas of energy, build- ings, water, transportation, public services and Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 384 CH 15: APPENDIX Verizon’s Smart Cities solutions empower munici- palities to solve some of today’s biggest challeng- es -- including public safety, traffic and energy management, intelligent transportation and preci- sion agriculture -- using a powerful combination of advanced networking, cloud computing, security and device management. By making cities “smart- er,” local governments, in collaboration with Verizon, are able to become more efficient, resil- Verizon smart cities and Internet of Things resources: ient, address aging infrastructure, generate more • News article: Verizon Accelerates Move to Smart and Sustainable Cities: revenue and better protect the local communities • Video: Verizon on Smart Cities they serve. • Webinar replay: “The Art of Smart Cities” Verizon’s Smart Cities solutions help municipalities • Case study: Building Smarter and Safer Communities quickly and cost-effectively support initiatives for • Case study: Helping the City of Charlotte Envision a More Sustainable Future managing buildings, roadways, utilities and trans- • Case study: City of Napa Improves Visibility and Effi ciency with Networkfl eet portation systems. Using applications such as fl eet • Infographic: Moving to a Smarter City and asset management, smart lighting, condi- • News article: Verizon Delivers Smart Energy As-A-Service tion-based maintenance and smart grid technology • News article: The Future of Smart Grid Technology -- enabled by Verizon’s network and cloud infrastruc- ture -- Verizon helps city planners develop sustain- On the Verizon website: able platforms to use resources more effi ciently. The goal is to help generate non-tax city revenue, create • Verizon Smart Cities Solutions safer municipalities, engage constituents and • Solutions for State & Local Government promote urban renewal -- all of which can attract • Solutions for Public Safety Services businesses, residents and workers. • Verizon Grid Wide Utility Solutions Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 385 CH 15: APPENDEX Cities have an abundance of data that has the potential Advance analytics has become a cornerstone of city to provide cost savings, improve citizen services and management. SAS provides enterprise wide Advance enhance quality of life. In addition to data from traditional Analytics platform for Big Data Analytics and Internet administrative systems, they now have explosive of things. SAS® Analytics has helped cities, states and emerging data sources, such as social media and the countries worldwide improve citizen services, prevent Internet of Things (IoT). Add to that expanding online losses from fraud, preserve natural resources, promote VHUYLFHV$OOWKLVGDWDFDQIXHOHI¿FLHQWDQGLQQRYDWLYHFLW\ transportation alternatives, and more. management – if cities can harness it. Additional information – www.sas.com When their world was shaken, the people of Nepal turned to IOM. And IOM turned to SAS. Data analysis is crucial to the level of response humanitarian organizations can provide. SAS is excited about helping IOM and other relief agencies understand what’s possible when they modernize their approach to using analytics and respond positively to an event Watch the Video Additional resources ZD\VDQDO\WLFVFDQPDNHFLWLHVVPDUWHU±:KLWHSDSHU9LGHR ,'&5DQNV6$6D0DMRU3OD\HULQ:RUOGZLGH6PDUW&LW\%XVLQHVV$QDO\WLFV 6RIWZDUH±3UHVV5HOHDVH9LGHR 6PDUW*ULG$QDO\WLFV52,WRH[FHHGELOOLRQJOREDOO\E\±3UHVV Release Video 6$6MRLQV(QYLVLRQ$PHULFDWRKHOSFLWLHVXVHDQDO\WLFVWRVDYHPRQH\DQGLPSURYH services and quality of life – Press Release ,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV±:KDWLWLVDQG:K\LWPDWWHUV±,QVLJKWV (QVXULQJDVDIHDQGHI¿FLHQWWUDQVSRUWDWLRQV\VWHP±6ROXWLRQ%ULHI 0DNLQJVHQVHRIVWUHDPGDWD±,QVLJKWV 7KH&RQQHFWHG9HKLFOH +RZ$QDO\WLFV'ULYH7HOHPDWLFV9DOXH9LGHR Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 386 CH 15: APPENDEX INTRODUCING SMART CITIES COUNCIL ASSOCIATE PARTNERS Council Associate Partners are leaders in their sectors. Learn more about them on the pages that follow. ABB Elster Alphinat Bit Stew Systems SunGard Public Sector Silver Spring Networks CH2M Civic Resource Group International Imex Systems Badger Meter Neptune Technology Group Entrigna Siemens Apex CoVantage Enevo Veolia OSIsoft Intel Saudi Telecomm West Monroe Partners Black & Veatch Spire Metering Organic Energy Corp. TROVE Urban Integrated, Inc. K2 Geospatial Space-Time Insight Clevest Partners are listed according to the date they joined the Council; longest-standing members appear first. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 387 CH 15: APPENDIX ABB strongly supports the Smart Cities Council’s goals of livability, workability and As a leading producer of smart technologies and services, Alphinat is pleased to contribute sustainability” to the Smart Cities Council Readiness Guide and other materials to help accelerate the move to smart, sustainable cities. “Cities today are home to over 50 percent of the world’s population and account for 80 percent of global GDP. By 2050, an additional 2.9 billion people will be living in cities, and Alphinat is a software editor of SmartGuide® the leading “one stop” Web, Mobile and Cloud urban dwellers will represent 70 percent of the world’s population. About 90 percent of this Solution Development Platform that enable cities to easily create, deploy and manage growth will be in developing economies as people are drawn to urban areas by the intelligent personalized web applications. perceived economic advantages. These cities will need new and intelligent infrastructure to meet the needs of their citizens and businesses. With our partners we are looking to give client cities constituents a simpler user experi- ence that can, guide them to an optimal experience in a mobile or traditional brows- Other cities that are not facing dramatic population increases are setting goals to ensure their long-term prosperity. With businesses and workforce becoming increasingly mobile, er-based environment. SmartGuide provides organizations and other software editors with they are shaping their futures around competitiveness, liveability and sustainability. the agility to quickly deliver effi cient online services to their stakeholders unleashing the full value of existing IT assets. An Alphinat partner is delivering intelligent e-services for An eff ective way to support these city goals is by using technology to more intelligently municipalities in the Netherlands in SaaS and on-premises modes incorporating monitor, optimize and control key systems and infrastructure. In other words, to operate as SmartGuide® into their suite giving municipal clients the ability to quickly deploy intelli- a ‘smart city’. gent online services. Citizens no longer need to fill in data already known to the govern- ment. Furthermore, these online services are accessible on Smartphone or tablets. Many intelligent power and automation solutions already exist to enable cities to auto- mate their key public and industrial services in the areas of: SmartGuide allows municipalities to deliver e-services with personalized, real time data exchange. With these intelligent e-services, municipalities greatly enhance the quality of • City Communication Platforms their online service delivery and increase citizen satisfaction. The e-services off ered auto- • Electricity Grids matically determine whether a citizen is entitled to a particular service such as a tax refund • Water Networks or a parking permit. These complex real-time validations delivered by the digital service • Transport bureau result in tremendous time savings for citizens and the community. • Buildings • District Heating and Cooling Alphinat technology can benefi t city of all sizes by helping them modernize, automate and ABB’s heritage in power and automation is one of continued innovation and delivery on render cost-effective a many business processes at a fraction of the cost associated with behalf of our customers, spanning over 125 years. Our products and solutions are at the conventional customized solutions. Alphinat is headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, with heart of a city’s critical infrastructure, relied upon for everything from the supply of power, offi ces in Paris, New York and Zurich. water and heat, to the automation of factories and the buildings we live and work in.” For more information, visit: ABB Smart Cities portal: Smart Cities > • Alphinat website > ABB Smart Grids portal: Smart Grids > • Alphinate DGME case study > Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 388 CH 15: APPENDEX SunGard Public Sector is a leading provider of software and services for local governments, At CH2M, we naturally take pride in the projects we deliver, but we never forget what our public safety and justice agencies and nonprofits. More than 150 million citizens in North work is really about: clean water to drink, affordable energy, sustainable cities for families America live in municipalities that rely on our products and services. now and in the future, more closely connected communities and so much more. Every project we take on is a chance to move the world forward one more step, and we think For more than 30 years, SunGard Public Sector has leveraged ground-breaking technology that’s an incredible privilege. and our innate understanding of the needs of the public sector toward the development of public administration and public safety software. SunGard Public Sector’s products We’re excited by tough challenges — the tougher they are, the more excited we get. We enable our customers to experience the future happening today. Visit us online at www. love to take on our clients’ most complex infrastructure and natural resource problems, sungardps.com. turning them upside down and inside out, solving them in ways nobody has thought of before. Together, we create new pathways for human progress, breathing fresh life, energy SunGard Public Sector’s software products not only enhance the way municipalities, and enterprise into every community we touch. public safety and justice agencies, and nonprofits conduct business – they redefine the way citizens and employees interact with government. Our partners and clients include governments, cities and businesses in more than 50 coun- tries. To meet their biggest engineering challenges, we tap deeply integrated capabilities The City of Oviedo, Florida has been a SunGard Public Sector customer since 1995. In 2004, the across our organization — in transportation, water, environmental, nuclear, oil & gas, indus- city switched its implementation to SunGard Public Sector’s Horizon Government Cloud, a trial and urban environments. And we draw on the exceptional skills and creativity of 25,000 powerful resource for local governments seeking to do more with less. Prior to switching teammates with an outstanding track record of expertly executing projects both big and small. to Horizon, the City of Oviedo found the cost of equipment, expertise and time to maintain their existing premise-based computer system challenging. When financial resources We love what we do, but we care just as much about how we work. Deep respect for our became limited, the city began seeking alternative solutions. The switch to Horizon has family of employees, our clients and the communities we serve guides us at every step. We ultimately helped Oviedo become smarter with the way they do business. Read more > aim to meet each day with integrity, an adventurous spirit, and dedication to the well-be- ing of people in our lives and work. Located just a few miles northeast of Atlanta, Johns Creek, Georgia can go an entire winter Read all about some of our projects in these sectors: without seeing snow. But that changed in January 2014, when the entire Atlanta area was rattled by ice storms and heavy snow. To keep residents of Johns Creek apprised of the • Energy > situation, the local police department started centrally distributing information through its Facebook and Twitter accounts on a regular basis. Johns Creek Police Department is a • Transit & Rail > customer of SunGard Public Sector and a user of SunGard Converge Police-to-Citizen (P2C), which allows the department to share public information with citizens in a central way and • Water > lets citizens search police records and download reports. The proprietary P2C system, called JCPD4Me, is interoperable with social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook, which means that citizens can get this information and interact with the police department through the platforms they already know. Read more > Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 389 CH 15: APPENDIX Neptune Technology Group Inc. is a pioneer in the development of automatic meter read- Neptune Technology Group Inc. is a pioneer in the development of automatic meter read- ing (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) technologies for more than 47 years. ing (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) technologies for more than 47 years. Neptune has continually focused on the evolving needs of utilities – revenue Neptune has continually focused on the evolving needs of utilities – revenue optimization, operational effi ciencies and improved customer service. The company optimization, operational effi ciencies and improved customer service. The company off ers a fully integrated migration path for its utility customers to meet their needs now offers a fully integrated migration path for its utility customers to meet their needs now and in the future. and in the future. Each utility has its own unique needs, based on size, geography, infrastructure and Each utility has its own unique needs, based on size, geography, infrastructure and other factors. Neptune makes it a point to understand your specifi c needs so that we can other factors. Neptune makes it a point to understand your specifi c needs so that we can off er a solution that suits you the best. That’s how we strive to become your most valued off er a solution that suits you the best. That’s how we strive to become your most valued partner. partner. Once we understand the challenges that your utility is facing, our people are trained to Once we understand the challenges that your utility is facing, our people are trained to help you determine the best meter reading systems and tools that can be used to help you determine the best meter reading systems and tools that can be used to meet those needs, maximizing accuracy and effi ciency while reducing costs and meet those needs, maximizing accuracy and effi ciency while reducing costs and labor. And while providing for your present needs, Neptune helps utilities to always labor. And while providing for your present needs, Neptune helps utilities to always keep an eye toward the future not only with advanced technology but also with keep an eye toward the future not only with advanced technology but also with systems that allow for easy migration to adapt to changing requirements. systems that allow for easy migration to adapt to changing requirements. At Neptune, we have a rich history of innovation in meter reading systems on which At Neptune, we have a rich history of innovation in meter reading systems on which we continue to build. we continue to build. See⁄read about how Neptune is helping water utilities keep an eye on the future: See⁄read about how Neptune is helping water utilities keep an eye on the future: • Indio Water Authority General Manager, Brian Macy, uses Neptune’s R900 • Indio Water Authority General Manager, Brian Macy, uses Neptune’s R900 System to help reduce Non-Revenue Water System to help reduce Non-Revenue Water • Neptune Territory Manager, Andy Bohn, helped Indio Water Authority share • Neptune Territory Manager, Andy Bohn, helped Indio Water Authority share data through all their department data through all their department • Read more about Indio as well as other case studies • Read more about Indio as well as other case studies Learn more at: https:⁄⁄www.neptunetg.com Learn more at: https:⁄⁄www.neptunetg.com Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 390 CH 15: APPENDEX The megatrends urbanization, climate change, globalization and demographic change will Enevo is pleased to support the Smart Cities Council and contribute to its Readiness Guide. shape the future of cities. With the need to improve the quality of life and economic competitiveness, cities have to become more resource-efficient and environmentally Enevo brings together software and telecommunication engineers, data analysts, network friendly. gurus and seasoned waste management experts to create smart logistics optimizations solutions for the waste management and recycling industry. We help both commercial Technologies are major levers and base for further sustainable city development. An effec- waste management companies and public organizations to operate more resource tive infrastructure contributes to economic prosperity, improving quality of live. Urban efficiently. residents need clean air, potable water as well as security. They need efficient buildings, a reliable power grid and capable mobility solutions. Until now collecting waste has been done using static routes and schedules where The complexity involved requires a holistic view and sustainable solutions for cities. containers are collected every day or every week regardless if they are full or not. Our flag- Siemens has the portfolio, know-how and consulting expertise to make cities more livable, ship solution Enevo ONe changes all this by using smart wireless sensors to gather fill-level competitive and sustainable. data from waste containers. The service then automatically generates schedules and opti- mised routes which take into account an extensive set of parameters (future fill-level Infrastructure is the backbone of our economy. It moves people and goods, it powers our projections, truck availability, traffic information, road restrictions etc.). New schedules and lives, it fuels growth. Across the world, more and more people are struggling with systems routes are planned not only looking at the current situation, but considering the future that are aging or overwhelmed. Siemens offerings include: outlook as well. • Total integrated power solutions for safe, reliable, efficient power distribution Collection based on Enevo’s smart plans significantly reduces: • Smart grid technologies that balance supply and demand, prevent power • Costs outages and integrate renewable power cost-effectively • Emissions • Integrated mobility solutions that move people and goods faster, safer and • Road wear with fewer resources • Vehicle wear • Smart building technologies that drive energy efficiency, reduce costs, • Noise pollution and protect and secure all assets • Work hours Siemens website > Enevo ONe provides organizations up to 50% in direct cost savings in waste logistics. And that’s not all. Reducing the amount of overfull containers means less litter and happier Infrastructure & Cities Sector > customers! Enevo ONe provides a significant increase in efficiency across the whole value Video: Powering the Charge for Electric Cars chain. Visit the Enevo website > Learn more about Enevo ONe > Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 391 CH 15: APPENDIX OSIsoft provides an open infrastructure to connect sensor-based data, operations and Saudi Telecom Company (STC) is the largest telecommunication services provider in the people to enable real-time intelligence. The flagship product, the PI System, enables your Middle East and North Africa. It is the leading operator within the Kingdom of Saudi organization to capture and leverage sensor-based data across the enterprise to improve Arabia, and its international presence extends to nine countries. efficiency, sustainability, quality and safety. The company is working continuously to fulfill and satisfy the market requirements, keep- The PI System empowers organizations across a range of industries in activities such as ing pace with the emerging technologies in the telecommunications sector and satisfying exploration, extraction, production, generation, process and discrete manufacturing, distri- its customer’s needs. STC has put in its consideration that this is the way to reinforce its bution and services to leverage streaming data to optimize and enrich their businesses. position and identity in view of a changing world where the role and usage of telecommu- For over thirty years, OSIsoft customers have embraced the PI System to deliver process, nications became more significant. quality, energy, regulatory compliance, safety, security and asset health improvements across their operations. Founded in 1980, OSIsoft is a privately held company, headquartered STC offers mobile, landline, television and Internet services. Its goals include becoming the in San Leandro, California, U.S.A, with offices around the world. next-generation leader in broadband. “Sensor-based data is different and requires different approaches to manage Saudi Telecom Company is a member of the Telecom Council of Silicon Valley. The Council and process before it can be used reliably, efficiently and continuously within connects companies and individuals involved in the communications technology industry big data analysis. Sensors can deliver continuous or fragmented time series with one another for business development, collaboration and education. STC is the first data streams in immense volumes and high frequency. Whether batch telecom company in the Middle East to join the Council, which has over 100 member processing or streaming sensor data for big data analytics sensor data needs companies manipulation, indexing, aggregation, contextualization and governance before delivering to big data analytics engines. It’s essential to get this right otherwise Saudi Telecom website > the value of the data will be lost.” Richard Beeson Chief Software Architect and CTO OSIsoft Read the Gartner⁄OSIsoft white paper: Architecting an Industrial Sensor Data Platform for Big Data Analytics: Continued Additional resources: • City of Calgary: Using Data to Predict and Mitigate Floods • JuiceBox Charging Solution Leverages Data from Connected EV Network for Smart Charging and Grid Optimization • Itochu’s Innovative Cloud-Based Services Connect Japan’s New Energy Ecosystem OSIsoft website > Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 392 CH 15: APPENDEX Black & Veatch is an employee-owned, global leader in building critical human infrastruc- Organic Energy Corporation is an advanced municipal solid waste (MSW) separation and ture in the Energy, Water, Telecommunications and Government Services sectors. Since 1915, re-purposing company. OEC specializes in maximizing the recovery and diversion of recy- we have helped our clients improve the lives of people in more than 100 countries through clables and resource feedstock from landfi ll bound MSW. consulting, engineering, construction, operations and program management. OEC currently holds fi ve patents on the MaxDiverter™ sorting process and has numerous In keeping with our Building a world of diff erence® mission, Black & Veatch is committed to additional patents pending. the innovation and adoption of advanced technology solutions to build more sustainable cities and communities. Black & Veatch is at the forefront of the movement toward smarter, OEC is also the driving force and lead partner for EcoHub, an innovative collaboration of more integrated infrastructure systems that extend beyond company and industry bound- premier organizations working together to reclaim discarded resources to achieve a waste aries. We deliver new sources of value through the integration of distributed infrastructure, free society. smart sensors, communications networks, automation systems, and big data and analytics. These Smart Integrated Infrastructure (SII) solutions increase system-wide intelligence to Using proven technology that has been organized and utilized in innovative ways, EcoHub improve the efficiency, reliability and resiliency of the fundamental services we rely on allows for every piece of the waste stream to be collected using “one bin” and accurately every day. sorted into separate resource categories. EcoHub’s manufacturing partners then re-pur- pose these resources into new, viable products (e.g., paper products, building products, Black & Veatch SII solutions for Smart Cities include: natural gas, etc) that can be distributed to the local community – a true closed-loop solu- • Design & Construction: In addition to engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) tion for the world’s growing waste disposal problem. services for core Energy, Water and Telecom infrastructure, we provide EPC services for distributed infrastructure systems including stationary storage, Electric Vehicle (EV) With long-term access to the waste stream, OEC⁄EcoHub can help partner cities reduce charging stations, microgrids and distributed generation systems. costs, catalyze economic development and generate improved environmental outcomes. • System Integration: As consultant, program manager and integrator, we combine our own expertise with our world- class partner network to plan and implement turnkey Learn more about Organic Energy Corporation > smart city solutions. • Smart Analytics: Leveraging our ASSET360™ analytics platform and third-party technolo- Learn more about EcoHub > gies, we provide community-scale data management and analytics solutions that enable integrated management of resources such as energy, water and gas. • Operations Support: We help clients with the ongoing lifecycle management of their smart systems – maintaining overall performance and supporting individual communi- ty participant needs. Learn more: Smart Integrated Infrastructure Related links: Peoria, Arizona - Butler Water Reclamation Facility Los Angeles: Echo Park Lake Rehabilitation SDG&E Sunrise PowerLink project Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 393 CH 15: APPENDIX Urban Integrated Inc., part of The Urban Institute® group, is a leading software and consult- Space-Time Insight helps asset-intensive organizations make faster, more-informed deci- ing company for Smart City Solutions. In particular, [ui!] offers integrated cloud based sions. Our real-time visual analytics applications correlate, analyze, and visualize large services that bring together the various data sources across the city into one platform. volumes of business, operational and external data, spatially, over time and across network nodes. Our award-winning software powers mission-critical systems for some of the largest UrbanPulse consolidates and readies data from the various sources across the city into organizations around the world, helping them reliably, efficiently and economically deliver actionable intelligence, using big data analytics and algorithms for decision-making and services and rapidly plan for and respond to a full range of operating events. automation. Users are the city government, businesses, utility providers and citizens. The solution is presented as an open cloud based platform and is available for others to build Space-Time Insight provides solutions for utilities and government, among others. on top. Utilities: Space-Time Insight’s breakthrough situational intelligence applications for utilities The Urban Institute was established in Germany to help cities define and realize their provide unprecedented 360-degree operational and planning insight by correlating, analyz- smart city strategies in line with the European Union directive Euro 2020., that foresees a 20% ing and visualizing IT, OT and external (XT) data sources spatially, over time and across reduction in energy usage, 20% reduction in emissions, and a 20% increase in the use of network nodes. Our applications deliver greater capital and operational efficiency, safety, renewables by 2020. and reliability in a matter of months. Space-Time Insight’s software helps some of the larg- est utilities around the world reduce costs, uncover revenue opportunities and deliver Making cities even smarter : more reliable services to their customers. Learn more > • Urban Integrated website Government: Cities need a smarter way to work together across functional and organiza- • The Urban Institute website tion divides to plan, justify, and allocate capital efficiently in support of building, operating, • Case Study City of Darmstadt, published by Microsoft and maintaining the digital infrastructure of the Smart City. To deal with major events, either planned or unplanned, cities require a single, shared view of the situation they face. Space-Time Insight helps break down governmental organization and data silos by ingest- ing disparate data sources into its patented in-memory system, correlating the data across space, time, and node, and extracting the key information or events that become the basis for better, more informed decision making. Learn more > View video about Space-Time Insight at Sacramento Municipal Utility District Visit spacetimeinsight.com Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 394 CH 15: APPENDEX As the new hallmark for a more sustainable future, smart communities start with a smart Bit Stew Systems is the creator of the market leading platform for Software Defined grid. They are the heartbeat that powers the community’s critical infrastructure and the Operations for the Industrial Internet. foundation for enabling power, water, transportation, public safety and other services to function in harmonious, mutually supportive concert. And when it comes to smart grid, Bit Stew’s revolutionary information processing engine, MIx Core™ enables complex event Elster provides the solutions needed to vitalize our communities by bringing smart meter processing, advanced analytics and sophisticated machine-intelligence. The MIx Core data to the people and processes that depend on it. technology has proven scalability to provide end-to-end operational visibility for billions of connected devices and trillions of data points—making it the ideal platform for the With smart grid and AMI solutions, plus street and area lighting, Elster is a one-stop shop Industrial Internet. This same MIx Core technology can also be embedded in devices, for smart community solutions and is helping public power utilities everywhere unlock gateways and routers for intelligence and automation directly at the edge of the network. the value of their meter data. Bit Stew’s flagship product solution, Grid Director™ is built on MIx Core and designed In an Elster-enabled smart community, power demand and consumption are automatically specifically to meet the exacting demands of the utility industry. Grid Director offers controlled to reduce peak demand. Smart sensors monitor and control streetlights based customers complete visibility and control of their networks enabling more agile and on brightness and time. Municipal broadband communications platforms underpin smart informed decision-making that improves reliability, efficiency and performance. Grid grid operations – and also provide the community with free Wi-Fi. Utilities proactively Director provides real-time analytics, pattern recognition, dynamic event management, notify customers about leaks before they become a problem. and rapid integration across enterprise systems and applications. When communities are smart, energy intersects with traffic control, electric vehicles, solar Incorporated in 2009, Bit Stew Systems is a venture-backed private company that is power, security systems – the list has no limits. The result? Happier customers, improved headquartered in Canada with offices in the USA, Australia and Europe. Bit Stew was system reliability, enhanced operational efficiency and better environmental sustainability. named on the Gartner Cool Vendors in Energy & Utilities list for 2014 and the Frost & Sullivan Entrepreneurial Company of the Year – North American Service Solutions for Utilities. This is the smart community future. And it’s enabled by Elster – today. Visit the Bit Stew Systems website > Learn more about Elster: Elster Solutions website Connexo: Simplifying the utility journey Advanced Meter Fort Collins Videos: Transformer Optimization Leak Detection Nontechnical Loss Outage Management Smart Communities Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 395 CH 15: APPENDIX Silver Spring Networks is a leading networking platform and solutions provider for smart Civic Resource Group International’s mission – Fulfilling the Promise of Technology – is energy and smart city networks. Silver Spring’s pioneering IPv6 networking platform, with perfectly aligned with the Smart Cities Council’s vision of “a world where digital technology more than 20 million Silver Spring enabled devices worldwide, is connecting critical infra- and intelligent design have been harnessed to create smart, sustainable cities with structure around the globe to help improve energy reliability, enable cities to provide high-quality living and high-quality jobs.” better services to citizens, and unlock the next generation of applications for the Internet of Things. CRG International is one of the world’s leading providers of digital government solutions. The company develops innovative, highly secure digital solutions built on CRG’s flagship Silver Spring’s innovative solutions enable utilities and cities to gain operational efficien- product CivicConnect™, a first-of-a-kind fully integrated Mobile⁄Cloud⁄Data Platform deliv- cies, improve grid reliability, and empower consumers and citizens. Silver Spring’s major ered in a SaaS model (Software as a Service) for the broad public sector. With its major focus utility customers include Baltimore Gas & Electric, CitiPower & Powercor, Commonwealth on the key “smart” sectors, such as public transportation, environmental⁄utilities, tourism⁄ Edison, CPS Energy, Florida Power & Light, Jemena Electricity Networks Limited, Pacific Gas economic development, regional planning⁄MPOs and health care, CRG’s work touches & Electric, Pepco Holdings, Progress Energy and Singapore Power, among others. every facet of citizens’ lives. The company’s “Smart” Offering – CivicConnect combined with CRG’s CivicConnect business-specific line of products such as “Smart City,” “Water,” “Traveler Silver Spring connects smart city infrastructure in cities on 5 continents including Bristol, Relationship Management (TRM)” “Parking,’ “Geo-Social Mapping,” CivicAR™ (Augmented Chicago, Copenhagen, Glasgow, Melbourne, Miami, Paris, Sao Paulo, San Francisco, Reality for Public Sector) and “Community,” among others, have been developed to Singapore and Washington, D.C. Silver Spring is partnering with Florida Power & Light for address fast-changing public sector needs resulting from the massive move to the emer- the world’s largest connected lighting project, nearly 500,000 networked street lights across gence of the Internet of Things. South Florida. Since 2000, CRG has been “fulfilling the promise of technology” for clients in the broad public Silver Spring’s smart city platform helps municipalities deploy canopy networks connect- sector by leveraging the award-winning CivicConnect™ Platform and deep domain exper- ing critical infrastructure assets such as public lighting and others. These intelligent light- tise. CRG’s impactful, engaging and cutting-edge products have a proven record of facilitat- ing systems dramatically improve system reliability, increase energy efficiency, lower oper- ing openness, transparency, safety and efficient service delivery for communities and their ational costs, and enhance citizen safety and quality of life. Silver Spring’s open, stan- constituents. CRG is a new breed of company with a new approach, blending the best of dards-based network also enables cities to establish a platform for future smart city appli- technology, design and communications in the digital age to support Sustainable cations and services such as traffic management, environmental sensors, smart parking, Communities, Efficient Public Services, Engaged Citizens and Overall Better Quality of Life. electric vehicle charging, electricity metering, water conservation, and many others. In early 2015, CRG was named to CIOReview’s Top 20 Most Promising Government Technology Learn more at our website > Providers list, recognizing CRG’s role in leading the digital transformation of the broad public sector in both the U.S. and international markets. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 396 CH 15: APPENDEX Badger Meter’s commitment to helping municipalities improve operational effi ciency and Entrigna’s software enables cities to radically change the way they make real-time deci- conserve their precious resources, makes supporting the Smart Cities Council a natural fi t. sions. Entrigna is excited to support the Smart Cities Council and help contribute to build- ing tomorrow’s cities today. Our software sits squarely in the “crunch” function of a smart Badger Meter off ers end-to-end solutions that help water utilities generate needed reve- city. nue, monitor and conserve their resources and help them better serve their valued end water customers. Industry-leading smart water solutions include a comprehensive With the infrastructure to collect and communicate data, tremendous opportunity exists to derive value from the data by making real-time decisions and taking immediate action mechanical and electronic metering line, proven AMR⁄AMI technology and the powerful without human intervention. Entrigna’s software provides the smart city a central “brain” analytics tools that truly help in Making Water Visible® for thousands of cities. to enable this capability, which goes far beyond reports and dashboards. Badger Meter smart water solutions: The human brain processes data in real time from senses and memory and applies several techniques seamlessly in parallel and in series to make decisions and take an action – e.g., • Increase visibility of water consumption through tools like BEACON® Advanced if it’s Monday, then I will do xyz; if I have 10 items on my To-Do list, I will prioritize them in Metering Analytics, providing faster leak detection, revenue management, water this order; based on similar prior experiences, I think xzy is the best decision. It’s a complex conservation clarity, and easier data collection for compliance reporting. and amazing process. • Enhance customer service for citizens through powerful apps that provide greater Just like a human brain, Entrigna’s software can ingest data from a variety of sources streaming in real time. The data can be anything that is collected and communicated water usage visibility directly to their PCs, tablets and smartphones. through the smart city infrastructure such as water meter reading, traffi c conditions, geo location of an individual, data from wearable devices. • Minimize deployment and system maintenance though a managed solutions approach that reduces required operational management of AMI and analytics, With maximum flexibility to combine in parallel and in series, decision frameworks are allowing water departments to do what they do best—delivering high quality confi gured to make “brain-like” decisions. These frameworks automatically run in real time water to customers. (milliseconds) and do not require manual intervention by a person. • Future-proof technology by working with cities to ensure their water system design Mathematical and algorithmic techniques are leveraged to mimic a brain, such as a rules keeps pace with technology advancements for the long term. engine, complex event processing, optimization, regression, clustering⁄classifi cation, natu- ral language processing, machine learning and artifi cial intelligence. Founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1905, Badger Meter has earned an international reputa- Because of Entrigna software’s unique design and architecture, implementation delivers a tion as an innovator in flow measurement and control products, serving water utilities, full set of functionality but at less than 50% of traditional timeliness and less than 50% tradi- municipalities, and commercial and industrial customers worldwide. tional costs. Learn more about Badger Meter Water Utility Solutions To learn more, please visit our website: www.entrigna.com. Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 397 CH 15: APPENDIX Throughout the world, city leaders recognize LED lighting as the most effi cient entry point Around the globe, Veolia helps cities and industries to manage, optimize and make the on their journey to becoming a smarter city. Not only do LED lights deliver more than 50% most of their resources. The company provides an array of solutions related to water, ener- in energy and operational savings, but this infrastructure upgrade can also provide a new gy and materials – with a focus on waste recovery – to promote the transition toward a network to support a wide range of smart city and smart grid applications, like enhanced circular economy. public safety, air quality and traffi c monitoring. Veolia’s 187,000 employees are tasked with contributing directly to the sustainability perfor- mance of customers in the public and private sectors, allowing them to pursue develop- ProFieldLight, our award-winning mobile workforce management technology, helps ease ment while protecting the environment. the road to smart city implementation by eff ectively managing a variety of LED lighting initiatives. ProFieldLight ensures safety, reliability and on-time project completion so our To this end, the company designs and deploys specialist solutions to provide, protect and customers reap the benefi ts of energy effi ciency while protecting their bottom line. replenish resources while increasing their effi ciency from an environmental, economic and social standpoint. Such initiatives are all part of Veolia’s ongoing campaign to resource the No matter where you are on the road to Smart Cities, ProField® can light the way. world. Visit: Apex LED lighting solutions • We turn waste into materials • We work to save water and energy • We work with municipalites around the world Learn more at our website > Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 398 CH 15: APPENDEX Today the Internet of Things (IoT) has enormous potential to drive economic value and West Monroe Partners is an international, full-service business and technology consultancy social change. But with 85% of things still unconnected and security threats pervasive, the focused on guiding organizations through projects that fundamentally transform their industry has yet to tap IoT’s enormous potential. business. The Intel® IoT Platform breaks down these obstacles. It provides an end-to-end platform for With the experience to create the most ambitious visions as well as the skills to implement connecting the unconnected – allowing data from billions of devices, sensors, and data- the smallest details of our clients’ most critical projects, West Monroe Partners is a proven bases to be securely gathered, exchanged, stored, and analyzed across multiple industries. provider of growth and effi ciency to large enterprises, as well as more nimble middle-mar- ket organizations. Once largely a PC-oriented company, Intel® increasingly provides the vital intelligence inside a wide range of devices, from the lowest-power mobile devices to the most power- Our consulting professionals – more than 550 and growing – drive better business results by ful supercomputers in the world. harnessing our collective experience across a range of industries. Since introducing the industry’s fi rst commercially available memory chips in 1969 and the West Monroe Partners is dedicated to helping cities leverage technology and update their first microprocessor in 1971, Intel makes hardware and software products that power the processes to transform how they serve their citizens, optimize their physical assets, and majority of the world’s data centers, connect hundreds of millions of cellular handsets and how they partner with their employees. help secure and protect computers, mobile devices and corporate and government IT systems. Intel technologies are also embedded in intelligent systems including for auto- • Learn about our work in Energy & Utilities mobiles, digital signage, automated factories and medical devices. • Learn about our work in Healthcare • Learn about our Advanced Analytics Related resources: San Jose and Intel leverage IoT innovations Visit the West Monroe Partners website > Smart Cities UK: Imperial College and Intel IoT Project Urban Growth and Sustainability: Building Smart Cities with the Internet of Things Pecan Street Project: Smart Grid and Internet of Things Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 399 CH 15: APPENDIX Spire Metering Technology is a leading manufacturer and global provider of flow- and Around the globe, Veolia helps cities and industries to manage, optimize and make the energy-management solutions. Through continuous innovation, we transform cutting- most of their resources. The company provides an array of solutions related to water, ener- edge technologies into affordable, reliable and simple-to-use tools for accurate utility gy and materials – with a focus on waste recovery – to promote the transition toward a measurement. SpireMT’s technological innovations help cities, governments and industry circular economy. leaders preserve our precious natural resources. Veolia’s 187,000 employees are tasked with contributing directly to the sustainability perfor- Water and energy usage have a significant impact on communities around the world. mance of customers in the public and private sectors, allowing them to pursue develop- SpireMT’s meters and metering systems help regulate water and energy consumption in ment while protecting the environment. commercial and residential buildings, along with municipal and government facilities. To this end, the company designs and deploys specialist solutions to provide, protect and Thanks to SpireMT’s diverse product line, our partners can rely on our technology to over- replenish resources while increasing their effi ciency from an environmental, economic and come the challenges of measuring a variety of fl uid types, including water, oil, electricity social standpoint. Such initiatives are all part of Veolia’s ongoing campaign to resource the and chemicals. Our products satisfy all their project needs, from flow measurement to world. energy measurement to wireless telemetry systems, AMR⁄AMI systems and billing software for instantaneous results. By utilizing SpireMT’s solutions, our partners are empowered to • We turn waste into materials responsibly manage their resources. SpireMT’s comprehensive utility metering systems • We work to save water and energy help to ensure tomorrow by measuring today. • We work with municipalites around the world Spire Metering Technology provides a wide variety of flowmeter products to meet the Learn more at our website > demanding requirements of several applications, including: • Water and wastewater • Utility management • Building automation Learn more at our website > Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 400 CH 15: APPENDEX Since 1995, K2 Geospatial has been committed to bringing spatial information and analysis At Clevest, we share the Smart City Council’s vision of cities that are livable, workable and tools within everyone’s reach by developing software solutions that provide effective visu- sustainable. As a leading provider of mobile workforce automation solutions for smart grid al aids to decision-makers. K2’s Map-Based Solutions connect, consolidate and publish data and smart city field operations, Clevest is proud to support and educate city leaders, plan- which are managed and stored in silos in different systems. Employees and citizens can ners and citizens in building sustainable cities. then easily access the information, analyze it and have a real-time ability to decide. Clevest provides the only complete solution for mobile workforce automation, smart grid These solutions are designed for land, infrastructures, buildings management as well as for and smart city operations exclusively for utilities and city operational departments. Over 150 environmental and public safety purposes. They are used by cities, regional governments, customers worldwide have chosen Clevest to transform their field operations by harness- ports, airports, road authorities, railways, public utilities and natural resources companies. ing the power of our software and deep domain knowledge of mobile computing and field operations. K2’s solutions are powered by JMap, a map-oriented integration platform designed to connect silos and offer easy-to-use interfaces dedicated to non-technical users. We are specialists at enabling cities to transform their field operations by rapidly automat- Furthermore, for software developers, JMap can be easily embedded in their existing ing and optimizing field installation, operations and maintenance of new smart technolo- solutions. gies. Our solutions improve worker and citizen safety, reduce the environmental impact of field work and increase operational efficiency to drive down the cost to serve citizens. JMap is deployed and used by hundreds of organizations in North and South America as well as in Europe. Each day, thousands of employees and citizens from different organiza- Clevest Smart City solutions are purpose-built for city operations departments to effective- tions, in different contexts and with different requirements, use JMap to access their spatial ly deploy, operate and maintain new metering, monitoring and control, and network and non-spatial data (from GIS, databases, sensors, GPS, RFid, Web Services, videos, etc.) in communications technologies within their smart city infrastructure. In the control room, order to get a global and a real-time overview of their operations. our solution enables real-time insight to the location and status of field workers, trouble events and field work locations in the visual context of city infrastructure. This allows the With JMap, cities easily implement Spatially Smart Solutions which improves their opera- quick identification of work to be completed, seamless appointment bookings, and the tional and strategic decisions. automatic scheduling and assignment of work. In the field, our streamlined workflows help field workers quickly complete work on a mobile device, view contextual data on maps Learn more about JMap > and stay safe with support from nearby workers and alerts to the control room. Visit the K2 Geospatial website > Clevest offers the complete solution for the smart city mobile workforce to help deploy, operate and maintain your smart city infrastructure. Learn more about Clevest Learn more about our solutions Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 401 CH 15: APPENDIX Environment and Water Rockefeller Institute for Government Environmental Defense Fund Sault Ste. Marie Innovation Center International Water Association TM Forum Natural Resources Defense Council Water Alliance Standards Bodies American National Standards Institute Smart Water Networks Forum (SWAN) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) The Climate Group ADVISORY BOARD International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) The Nature Conservancy International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Teru Talk Built Environment International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Architecture 2030 Governmental Agencies Open Geospatial Consortium LOCUS: Responsible Real Estate Developers & Investors Dubai Real Estate Institute Smart Growth America New York City Transit Authority Trade Associations Terrapin Bright Green Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) Portland Development Commission U.S. Green Building Council Fibre to the Home Council - MENA San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Sustainable Streets Development Banks Research Triangle Cleantech Cluster Inter-American Development Bank National Laboratories International Finance Corporation National Renewable Energy Laboratory Universities World Bank Urban Advisory Unit Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Arizona State University School of Public Affairs Boyd Cohen, Universidad del Desarrollo Energy and Utility Organizations Public Sector Associations and Advocates Carnegie Mellon Intelligent Coordination & Logistics Lab Advanced Energy Economy 100 Resilient Cities Center for Technology in Government American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Center for Public Policy Innovation ESADE Institute of Public Governance and Management Climate Solutions ⁄ New Energy Cities City Protocol Task Force Illinois Institute of Technology Electric Drive Transportation Association CompTIA Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis Energy Future Coalition, UN Foundation EcoDistricts Plug-in Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Research Ctr UC Davis GridWise Alliance Institute for Sustainable Communities Research Institute for Water Security, Wuhan University Institute for Electric Innovation National Governors Association Transportation & Sustainability Research Center, UC Berke- Institute for Energy & Sustainability (IES) ley Pew Charitable Trusts, American Cities Project Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Pedro Ortiz, Senior Urban Consultant, World Bank University of Ontario Institute of Technology Public Financial Management – PFM Group Research Triangle Cleantech Cluster Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy, Univ. of Waterloo Smart Cities India Readiness Guide 402 CH 15: APPENDEX Smart City strives to be citizen-centric, inclusive, economically viable, and sustainable that considerably reduces costs and resource use to offer better quality of life for the citizens and environmental conditions for today and generations to follow. 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