Liturgical Music in Anglican Benedictine Monasticism

Home , Diurnum, Liturgical music, Mary Berry (conductor), Nashdom, Order of the Holy Cross, Stanbrook Abbey

LITURGICAL YUSIC , Tn Anglican CZ3enedictine;, Monasticism

DOM DAVID NICHOLSON, O.S.B. Monk of Mount Angel Abbey, Oregon U.S.A. Contents

Introduction 5 Elmore Abbey (Formerly Nashdom Abbey), Berks, England 7 Alton Abbey, Hants, England 9 St. Gregory's Abbey, Three Rivers, Michigan, U.S A 10 St. Mark's Priory, Camperdown, Victoria, Australia 12 Edgware Abbey, Middlesex, England 15 St. Mary's Abbey,Kent, England 16 Burford Priory, Oxon, England 18 Holy Cross Convent, Rempstone, England 20 St. Hilda's Priory, Sneaton Castle, Whitby, N. Yorkshire, England 24 Community of St. Peter the Apostle, Glos. England 26 St. Peter's Convent, Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England 27 Order of the Holy Cross, Berkeley, California, U.S A 29 Ewell Monastery, West Mailing, Kent, England (Cistercian) 31 For Burnham (House of Prayer) Slough, England (Cistercian) 32 Russell Savage, Assistant Organist, St. James (Anglican) Church, Vancouver, British Columbia. Assistant Organist, Westminster Abbey, Mission, British Columbia, Canada.

This volume follows, in natural sequence, the series: Liturgical Music in andBenedictine women in Monasticism. the Canterbury Although Communion there are which not a great base numbertheir life of on monasteries the Rule of St. of men Benedict, they are a witness to the monastic calling. in severalEach cases,Monastery where was I was asked not ableto explain to compile its historical sufficient and information liturgical modus I gathered vivendi, this from but GordonThe Benedictine Beattie, O.S.B., and CistercianR.A.F., monk Monastic of Ampleforth Yearbook (1990) Abbey. edited by Rev. Dom I wish to thank all who contributed to this work. May it be a primary source of Benedictineinformation for wayall who of life. live under the Rule of St. Benedict or who are interested in the Dom David Nicholson, O.S.B. Monk of Mount Angel Abbey St. Benedict, Oregon, U.S.A. Etmore Abbey (Formerly Nashatom)Anglican Diocese of Oxford Elmore Abbey, Church Lane, Speen Newbury, Berks, RG13England. 1SA, ELMORE ABBEY, Speen, is situated on the edge of Newbury, a market town sixty miles west of London and twenty miles south of Oxford. The community was founded at Pershore in Worcestershire in 1914 and moved to Nashdom Abbey in Buckinghamshire in 1926, and in 1987 was re-established at Elmore. The house was consecrated on Holy Cross day, 14th September 1987, an important day in the Rule, marking as it does the change from Summer to Winter schedule. We venture to hope that this signified a new start - perhaps, unlike the climatic change, amove in the opposite direction! There are signs of new life and growth. The second anniversary of that dedication was marked by a solemn profession and we have one novice and a postulant with several other young men asking to join the noviciate. Our founding abbot, Dom Denys Prideaux, was a man of much learning and wide reading, whose knowledge of monastic history and literature enabled him to give his community a sound doctrinal basis, This was the more important because we were founded, not from a parent monastery, but, as it were, from scratch. Dom Deny's learning Benedictinealso enabled way him of to winlife which acceptance had been within so potent the Anglican a force in Church the past for history the resumption of this country. of the The community has been the home of two monk-scholars of distinction. One was andDom editor Anseim of the Hughes, first volume musicologist of the Oxford and a pioneer History inof the Music: study he of died early in 1974.medieval The other,harmony better known, was Dom Gregory Dix, a liturgical scholar whose great work, The Shape of the Liturgy, published in 1944, has influenced eucharistic worship far beyond the confines of the Anglican Church, and is still widely read. at Nashdom.In 1939 a They group returned of clergy home of the American to found what Episcopal is now Church St. Gregory's trained in Abbey, the noviciate Three Rivers, Michigan. A close relationship, without legal expression, is maintained between the two houses. Since moving to Elmore the monks here, on Sundays and major feasts, attend as Onparishioners other days the conventual church of St. Mass Mary is the celebrated Virgin, Speen. in the This oratory; is next doorit continues to the monastery. after the Benedictus at Lauds on each weekday at 8:00, except on Thursdays when it is combined with Vespers at 18:00. For many years the Mass and Office were in Latin, use being made of the Missale Rornanumworship of and our the community, Breviarium Anglican Monasticum. as it was, At should that time be in it line was with felt theimportant current practice that the in Roman Catholic monasteries; this was agreed by Anglican authority. Now the situation has changed radically Broadly speaking, with the omission of Prime, the Office is much as laid down by St. Benedict in the rule, the day hours being maintained with little modification. The Sunday psalmodyassigned to remains the night the office, same. being On weekdaysrecited in two the weeksPrime instead psalms areof one. combined The lessons with those are fromlesson the is takenDivine from Office, the as Anglicanare the hymns lectionary. and chapters Compline etc., except is as the that Rule at Vespers directs; English aGospel is theused, psalms except are for read the by Anthem solo voice in honour by the monksof Our Lady,in turn; which all other remains offices in are Latin. sung At to simpleMatins chants. 7 Afton Abbey Anglican Diocese of Winchester Alton, Hants.,Alton GU34 Abbey, 4AP England. The Community was founded in 1884, with its object being charitable and religious works among seamen, especially those employed in the mercantile marine. The first Priory was at Calcutta and another was opened at Barry Docks, South Wales in 1893. Two years later the mother house was established near Alton in Hampshire, and in 1899 a third Priorythe death at Greenwich. of the founder, All Rev. these Charles small daughter Hopkins houses (1861-1922), closed downthe work eventually has been concen- and since trated at Alton Abbey. whenThe the Community new constitutions formally received adopted ratification the Rule from of St. the Benedict Visitor. on 28th January 1981 Seamen'The Community s Friendly Society does occasionalof St. Paul parishis directed work, by retreat the Abbey work and some missions. The

In 1988 an important constitutional change was introduced after much thought, takenprayer to and permit discussion. the possibility The decision, of the election subsequently of a lay sanctioned abbot. In the by ensuing our Bishop election Visitor, this waswas in fact what happened: Dom Basil Matthews was elected, then blessed and installed by the Visitor. Though such a procedure is not in accordance with the Codex Juris Canonici, it was decision.that of primitive Benedictine practice. Experience has confirmed the wisdom of our In addition to the resident community of monks there is an extended confraternity of aboutmodified 350 form men of andthe monastic women, commitment. clerical and lay, Each married keeps a and rule single. of life which These is agreedundertake with a the abbot and adapted to the needs of the individual. They share the apostolic work of the sacredcommunity, liturgy, whose counselling, aim is evangelisation spiritual direction within and the comfort. Church by means of prayer and the St, Gregory's AbbeyEpiscopal Diocese of Western Michigan Benedictine Thesaurus, using the plan which provides for reciting the Psalter each week. St. Gregory's Abbey, 56500 Abbey Road, Biblical texts follow the Jerusalem Bible; canticles are the contemporary versions from the Three Rivers, Michigan, USA 49093-9595 Book of Common Prayer whenever they are provided there. ST. GREGORY'S ABBEY had its beginning in 1939, when a small group of All singing is done without accompaniment, since there is no organ in the Abbey American priests of the Episcopal Church returned from England, where they had been Church.the office Guests and to join are encouragedin singing hymns to follow from the the text Hymnal of the psalter when they (music are used. is not Theprovided) music at trained in the monastic life at Nashdom Abbey, a Benedictine community in the Church program is a modest one, intended to provide the worship in the Abbey Church with of England. They first settled at Valparaiso, Indiana, established as a dependent priory of fitting music in the Benedictine tradition without overtaxing the musical abilities of the Nashdom. In 1947 the monks moved to a small farm in the countryside five miles west of monks, few of whom have had much musical training. Threecommunity Rivers, and Michigan. the purchase Over of adjacent the following land increased years, other the community's monks were holdings added to the to 600 acres of rolling farm fields and woods. Additions were soon made to the farm house, and in the early 1950's a spacious church and a monastery were built. In 1969 the priory extensivebecame an building independent program abbey took and the elected form of its a first guest abbot. house In with 1989 ten the rooms, first stage replacing in an a quonset hut which had been attached to the farm house in the late 1940's. From the first, the aim of the community was to devote itself to the offering of worshipbeen mainly to God, from making members any of other the Episcopal activity secondary.Church wishing Support to encourage of the community the contempla- has tive monastic life within the church. The community has remained small, nearly always theless 1970's. than 20, Some and its monkseffort toward of the self-support community by accept farming a had limited finally number to be abandoned of outside in engagements, and the abbey receives many guests for private and group retreats. The life of the community centers around the Abbey Church, where the seven-fold Divine Office is recited and the Eucharist offered daily. The monks do their own daily householdChurch is maintained chores and through carry on the an community's extensive correspondence. Abbey letter, a smallContact magazine with the largerpublished four times a year and sent without charge to more than 25,000 addresses, both domestic and foreign. The monks maintain close ties with other religious, Anglican, Roman, and Protestant, particularly with those who follow the Rule of St. Benedict. The music at Vespers closely follows the tones from the Antiphonale Monasticum, pointingboth for theof the psalms Grail and Psalter, hymns. the Psalm version tones used hav& in the been Divine adapted Office, to developedfit the plainchant by Fr. Chrysogonus Waddell of Gethsemani Abbey. Hymn tunes have been taken from the Antiphonale, some freedom being exercised in reassigning and substitution. The only deviation from the traditional plainchant is chanting the Our Father, for which two different tones from Boquen are used, a unison one for ferias and a three-part harmonized one for feasts. The plainchant-pointed version of the psalter is used at the little hours and at Compline using the simplified tones developed at Gethsemani Abbey and a few of the monks' own composition. Matins and Lauds are spoken, although Lauds is sometimes sung on great feasts, following the pattern used at Vespers. ICETMass texts is used sung in daily, the Book using of music Common from Prayer the Kyriale for the arranged Gloria, the by the Kyrie, monks Sanctus, to fit the and Agnus Dei. The setting of the Our Father is a contemporary one from the 1982 Hymnal. On Sundays and the more important feasts, hymns from the Hymnal are sung at Mass. traditionalThe Lady use. Antiphons The popular are Benedictine sung in Latin hymn at the"Ultima end ofin ComplineMortis Hora," according sung in Latin to the followed by an English translation, is used on special occasions at the end of Mass. The Abbey has developed its own books for the Divine Office, following the 10 11 St. Mark's Priory Benedictine Monastery, fiveVery monks, little work two ofis done whom outside came outthe monastery.from Nashdom The community Abbey (now at Elmore) present isin small, England. with Coben Road Three are in solemn vows, with one junior and one novice. There are a few serious P.O. Box 111,Victoria, Camperdown, 3260, inquirers. Two members of the community are studying for theology degrees, one at Australia. Melbourne University and the other at the monastery. We believe that the future good of Thethe community community and is completely its growth independent, hinges on proper sui iurus: theological but it has and close monastic connections formation. with The Benedictine community of ST. MARK'S PRIORY, Camperdown, Victoria, Elmore Abbey, England and Three Rivers Abbey, U.S.A. It has good friendly relations began its life in the inner city suburb of Fitzroy, Melbourne, in 1975 as an active apostolic with the monastic houses in Australia and is now a full member of the Benedictine Union community engaged in parish work. In 1979 upon the recommendation ofSt. Gregory's of Australia and New Zealand. Earlier in 1989 the Abbot Primate, on his visit to relinquishedAbbey, Three the Rivers, running U.S.A. of a it busy adopted parish the and Rule moved of Benedict towards and the at thecontemplative same time Australia, came and stayed at Camperdown overnight. expression of Benedictine life. The Bishop of Ballarat, the Rt. Rev. John Hazelwood Much work has been undertaken in the grounds since our arrival, creating areas of kindly invited the community to his diocese, and at the end of 1979 a move was made to beauty and tranquility, not only for the community but so that all who come to the communityCamperdown, took a small up residence town of 4000 in the people, old redundant 198 kms bluestone south-west rectory of Melbourne. of the parish, Here one the monastery may be refreshed in body and soul. The bulk of our land is leased to a local of the oldest buildings in the town. It had not been occupied for 11 years, was in farmer for grazing purposes. An orchard planted four years ago is beginning to bear fruit, run-down state and in need of much repair, which the community subsequently and a small kitchen garden goes some ways towards providing vegetables for our use. The undertook to make it habitable again. undertakenmain means for by which church we purposes support but ourselves also for is groupsthrough and a printery individuals. where A work variety is not of craftonly works is also undertaken. Four times a year we publish a newsletter to keep our readers boundedIt could on one be seen side by that the there parish were church no prospects and on the for other expansion by the hall, in this so by old December rectory, in touch with the monastery and its life. 1981 the countryside was scoured far and wide for the purpose of seeking a suitable property that would fulfill the future needs of the community and allow for some vision In 1988 after community discussions, we approached an architect to produce plans and growth. By a stroke of good fortune a property came on the market at this time, cloisters.for a permanent As soon monastery as sufficient church funds and are the on completion hand we will of undertake the domestic the rangebuilding and viewsabout 3in kms all directions. south of the The town. property It comprised had the advantages 40 acres of of rich being pasture within land sight with of thestunning town involved. yet isolated; accessible by road with daily coach services from Adelaide and a good train sung Fromboth the Liturgyvery beginnings of the Hours of the and community's the daily Conventual existence Mass.in Camperdown The type of music we have servicewe decided to and in from faith Melbourne. to purchase There the property, was no chance going that heavily we would into debt ever be to builtdo so. out, The so contract was signed, and in June 1982 the community moved in. _ • the rimThe of monastery the extinct buildings volcanic are crater low and overlooking simple, sitting Lake high Bullen upon Merri. the hilltop, Some actuallytwenty violentmillion explosiveyears ago, forceslong before created the a 9000Dreamtime, square whenmile plain the sea — covered the third this largest part inof the Victoria, world — and the many lakes of this area were thus formed, some crater ones, some created out - withof the views shallow across laval the flow. rolling From plains the monastery to the Grampians the countryside in the far falls north-west, away on three and tosides the coastthe beauty in the of south this place with its that marvelous it is not hard rugged to believe cliffs and that the God Great has Southernblessed it inOcean. some specialSuch is way. A ranch style house built of simulated bluestone blocks which was on the property at the time of purchase has become a comfortable guest house and can accomodate five traditionalpeople. The monastic monks live layout and which work we in believebuildings to bethat practical form three for our sides style of aof square life. Much in a internal and external renovation work has provided a dormitory wing with private cells, areas,community and the room third etc. wing The serves second as wing the library. houses A the cloister printery, walk shop,-way refectory has been and erected kitchen on one side, and the exterior walls clad with bluestone to conform to an overall plan and to harmonize with the landscape. A large double garage has been converted into a temporary church. This is the heart of the community life, where a seven-fold Office and Conventual Mass are sung daily. As stated above, the orientation of the community is contemplative with enclosure. 12 13 used is plainsong with some modern settings of hymns. We believe that treasures old and Ugware Abbey new can be brought out to satisfaction and therefore everything of past usuage has not Anglican Diocese of London been rejected. The language used in the liturgy is modern English, though we retain latin PriorySt. Mary Field at Drive, the Cross Hale Priory,Lane, for the Marian antiphon at the end of Compline, and also for the Te Deum at Vigils. Edgware, Middlesex, HA8 9PZ Occasionally we use a latin entrance antiphon at the Eucharist from the Graduale. England. For the time being and for purely practical reasons, we are using the 3 volumes of the Roman Liturgy of the Hours, with the exception of the hymns, which we have collected from whereWe the began emphasis as a small lay with Sisterhood serving the in 1866 poor —in the on AugustShoreditch 28th area. to be Following exact — in the London, cholera various other sources. We are hoping to be able to produce our own Office, more in epidemic of the previous years it became vital to care for convalescent children who either Sacramentarykeeping with our published Benedictine by Collegeville lifestyle. is Our used daily with someEucharist changes, is concelebrated viz:—the Kiss of Peace and the could not return to their homes, or who still needed care and protection from unsuitable has been moved to the position prior to the Offertory; Eucharist Prayer 2 only is used, and families. Father Nihill, a priest in Manchester, made several appeals throughout the the Penitential Rite and Concluding Section come from the Australian Anglican Prayer country for money to build a hospital in Shoreditch for these children, and the co-founder Book. Hannah Skinner, (Mother Monica) worked with her growing band of Sisters, visiting and A small two manual electronic church organ is in use and it is hoped that when the tending the sick in their homes until the hospital could function with its boys' and girls' permanent church is built a pipe organ will be installed. All the Offices are accompanied wards; and the Convent could be built. and no other instrument than the organ is used. Gradually the scope of the work widened to the caring for children malformed from The choir is under the direction of the Prior, who is also the organist. His musical patientsbirth — who atrophy, started distrophy, with us spinain that bifida, hospital Downs at the syndrome, end of the etc, last and century polio. — We one still of havethem experience stems from his time as a chorister at St. Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne; as will be 90 next January — and they have entertaining memories of their early days. director of music during seminary days at St. John's College, Morpeth, and as choirmaster In 1874 work began in Edgware on a convalescent home where many children could in parishes where he served before entering the monastery. escape the London fogs each winter, and gradually the Convent was built and the Chapel. Then, in 1926 we made our vows under the Benedictine Rule, having followed it in retainedpart for many the Latin). years in English. Latin soon became the norm in all our Offices (Vespers has In 1931 the need for the Shoreditch hospital had dwindled, and it was closed, with addedthe transfer to the of Little the remainingFlower Ward, girls and and the Sisters Convent to Edgware, and Chapel where were a large practically Ward had beenfinished, with an annex for the patients at the West end of the Chapel. We then changed from Sisters of Nazareth to the Sisters of St. Mary at the Cross, O.S.B., having as our Major Superior, the Abbot of Nashdom — now at Elmore, near residentsNewbury. who We have now havereplaced to face the the original expense young of building children. a new Carehome for our elderly We have always followed the Roman Rite in the Divine Office and the Eucharist, and this has continued since changing from Latin to the vernacular. Occasionally Gregorian chants are sung. One of our Sisters has composed our vernacular music. She is not a professional, but Missalhas attended and Divine several Office Music published "Workshops" by Collins during — and the the last New ten English years. Hymnal We use and the Song Roman in Season — the latter published by Collins, the former by the Canterbury Press, Norwich. We have a pipe organ which has been reconditioned within the past three years, and is areoccasionally used. Organ used recitals for accompanying and concerts by the choirs Liturgy bring by visiting our organ friends. into use No outside other instruments the time of the Liturgy. St. Mary's Abbey St.Anglican Mary's DioceseAbbey, West of Rochester, Mailing, Kent, ME19England. 6JX, ST. MARY'S ABBEY forms part of the small town of West Mailing which lies at the whichheart of is the following orchards the of same Kent and Rule one and of fulfilling its hop fields. the same It is one role of intended the few religious by its original houses founder. The abbey was first established about the year 1090 by Gundulf, Bishop of monksRochester, of the with great the Norman assistance monastery of Anselm, Archbishop of Bec. of Canterbury. Both had been communityGundulf's of Benedictine first task when monks he became which Bishopbefore his of Rochesterdeath numbered in 1070 more was than to establish sixty. His a biographer tells us that he was beloved by both sexes and so it was that with his foundation aat community Rochester achieved of nuns on and his the manor cathedral at Mailing. rebuilt that He was he turned assiduous his attention in supplying to establishing both their material and their spiritual needs and it was only on his death bed that he was persuaded to appoint the Prioress Avicia as the first abbess. Part of Gundulf's church survives in the west front, the south nave wall and the south transept, now the nuns' chapter house. dissolvedThe abbey under suffered Henry VIII the in same October fate as1538. all Theother property English passed religious into houses secular and hands,was Boydnever who, remaining as a young for very girl long on a in pleasure any one party family. to In the 1892 ruins it wasof Glastonbury, bought by a Miss offered Charlotte herself to God as an instrument whereby property alienated from the Church could be restored. movedShe gave and Mailing were received Abbey tointo a small the Roman Anglican Church. Benedictine Tenancy community, of the abbey but was in then 1911 offered they to the present community who moved to Mailing in 1916 from Baltonsbury, the reputed birthplace of the great Archbishop Dunstan. The community had begun as an active monotoned by the choir before and after each psalm. At this Office too a large number and communityadopted the Benedictinein north London, Rule butin 1906 they when came they under moved the influence to Baltonsborough. of Aelred Carlyle and wide variety of non-biblical expositions and sermons, both ancient and modern, have been readingintroduced or to as the readings feast or in season.the second Each nocturn, is followed usually by one relating of a largeto the selection first nocturn of responds, biblical At that time there were no translations of the Benedicitine breviary available and the sung to a very simple tone on ferias, but to a more musical setting on Sundays and feasts. Sisters used the Latin office and with their strict enclosure with grilles in the parlour and These sung responds at the Night Office have given scope for the most musically developed the churchbuilding resembled of a modern Catholic church Benedictines and a move very into closely. the vernacular. Changes came in the sixties with part of the Offices. At Lauds and Vespers a further experiment for feasts has been the introduction of Before Vatican II the community had for many years been using the traditional `participated collects.' These based on the berakah model include an acclamation by the GregorianDay Hours. chant The accordingNight Office, to the Matins method (or 'Vigils',of Solesmes as it atis the now daily called), Eucharist was andmonotoned at all the whole choir. Both Offices and Vigils end with an acclamation. throughout. In 1966 the community was given permission by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Shortly after the Council the decision was made to go into the vernacular for the Michael Ramsey, to use an experimental Eucharistic Liturgy based on ancient sources, Eucharist and all the Offices as soon as that was feasible. This led to experiments with new helped by outstanding liturgists, both Catholic and Anglican. music, inspired and heavily influenced by Gregorian chant, when adaptation of the chant There is a guest house on the Abbey grounds and guests and retreatants are welcome at to English proved unsatisfactory. At the same time there was an expressed wish within the the daily Eucharist and the Offices. In the church there is a guest chapel situated at a right community .to simplify the chant without losing its character and this led to a more angle to the 'nuns' choir and at the end of the synaxis the nuns and guests move into the syllabic chant. The production of texts and music was a dynamic process in which one sanctuary and stand around the altar during the Eucharistic Prayer and communions. influenced the other. Occasionally at other times music is sung in the church apart from the Offices and this The Offices retained after Vatican II are: Vigils, Lauds, Sext, None, Vespers and includes some of the Marian Antiphons. At Christmas, Easter and Pentecost the Gospel Compline. With the exception of Vigils, the Eucharist and, all the Offices are sung canticles at Lauds and Vespers are sung to Tudor music with alternate verses in throughout. faux-bourdon. It is mainly at Vigils that the community has introduced new material. The psalms at The Sister who composed the Office music took a degree in music and studied this Office are no longer monotoned but read in turn individually with the antiphons Gregorian chant according to the method of Solesmes. 16 17

rcoro�Mrrrrasrm ma Buorci Priory Anglican Diocese of Oxford Common Prayer. Priory of Our Lady, Burford, Today, the monastic past of Burford and its own unique Anglican heritage find living Oxon, OX8 4SQ, expression in the life and worship of the present Benedictine Community of the Salutations England. of Saint Mary the Virgin, to give it its official title. For a generation now, the Priory has BURFORD PRIORY is a contemplative community of nuns and monks who live a again been home to a religious community. At present, we seek to support ourselves by a shared life under the Rule and inspiration of St. Benedict. Founded in 1941 as a community reflectsvariety ofindividual work, including interests and gardening, talents within printing, the writing community. and counselling. We seek to witness Such diversity to the Archbishopof sisters, in of 1987 Canterbury, with widespread the novitiate encouragement was formally and opened support, to men.including Since that then, of the our claims of Christ through a common life of prayer, study, hospitality and work, It is our community has evolved as a double-community drawing inspiration from ancient Anglo- intention that our common life should be a resource to the whole Church and that, as we Saxon and Celtic foundations, and contemporary models in England and elsewhere. searchreconciliation, for God healing through and the peace: offering affirming of our lives, the spiritual the Priory value should of beauty be discovered and of all that aplace is of good and true; open to the challenges and opportunities of the modern world; and attentive The presentThe Priory building, is a Jacobean much house restored, in west was Oxfordshire built during on the the sixteenth edge of the and Cotswold seventeenth hills. to the neglected voices that proceed from its depths. centuries on the site of the medieval Hospital of Saint John the Evangelist, amonastic As a contemplative community pursuing no external apostolate, we have a greater foundation of Augustinian Canons dating from the twelfth century, which sought to serve freedom to develop a life of prayer and hospitality, and to order our day accordingly. naveGod throughof the original a life of monastic prayer and church, ministry retained to the and sick repositioned and the dying. to provide Gothic support arches from for later the Liturgically, the day begins with Lauds (which is a conflation of Vigils and Lauds). Apart remodelling, are to be seen in the entrance hall of the Priory; and in the grounds, a arefrom in a English. variable We invitatory have arranged which we the sing psalmody responsorially, (we use The all offices Liturgical are sung Psalter) to plainsong in a two-week and handsome fourteenth century garden wall which once enclosed the medieval herbarium, cycle. Of the Little Hours, we have retained Terce and None to introduce the morning and still stands. afternoon work periods respectively; with Vespers in the early evening and Compline at 9:00 p.m. at the close of which the traditional antiphon to Our Lady is sung in Latin. At present we are also experimenting with a new office of Vigil to replace Compline on Saturday evenings and the eve of Solemnities. Following the traditional pattern of three nocturns,with the singing the office of is the introduced Te Deum by and Lucernarium final antiphon. with an The offering antiphons, of incense; reponsories, and concludes office yet,hymns none and of their our melodies music has are been predominantly published. We Saturn sing in unaccompanied origin, or of our own and have creation. no organ. As of The eucharist is the focal point of our worship and is normally celebrated at midday guestsaccording and toretreatants Rite A (Alternate to participate Service in our Book). worship. This enables The Ordinary day-groups is sung as (at well least as onresident Feast hymnodyDays and (weSundays) use The to N Merbecke. ew English Hymnal). We make Liturgically, use of modern we are endeavouringresponsorial psalms toconstruct and anda modern resonates Anglican in the Benedictine quality of its Office English which with embodies the rythmn the riches and of dignity our monastic of what is best heritage, in traditional Anglican worship.

At the Dissolution, the Priory passed into secular hands: initially, to Edmund Harman, Henry VIII's master barber. In 1637, the property was purchased by William Lenthall, later Speaker of the Long Parliament. It was he who, in 1662, built at his own expense an exterior chapel as testimony of his loyalty to the restoration of the monarchy and in celebration of the re-establishment of the Church of England and its (new) Book of 18 19 Community of the glory Cross Holy CrossAnglican Convent, Diocese Rempstone of Southwell Hall Meanwhile the opportunity had arisen to purchase an adjacent house which served Rempstone, Loughborough, LE12 6RG first as a convalescent home and later as a retreat house with accomodations for some England. soldelderly for residents. an old peoples The Guest rest home House, shortly as it was before later the known, community continued moved this work in the until 1970's. it was The COMMUNITY OF THE HOLY CROSS was founded as were so many of the In 1926 the Chapter decided that the time had come to close the orphanage and at the Anglican Sisterhoods of the era, to attempt to combat in some measure the social evils of same session agreed that 'in Choir at the Mother House the Divine Office should be sung in the 19th Century. Latin.' By this time the work was changing, through force of circumstances and the fact that Early in 1857 Elizabeth Neale, accompanied by a fourteen year old orphan from an the Community was being drawn to a more contemplative life, so there were only three orphanage she had established at Brighton oh the south coast, went to live in an ordinary John'sbranch Convalescent houses — at St. Home Peter's Brighton Docks, — the and Retreat the Sisters House there at requested Limpsfield that in theySurrey too shouldand St. house just off the then notorious Ratcliff Highway in the London Docks area. have the Latin Office. Mass was continued in English at the branch houses, but these were all given up, with regrets on both sides in the 1930's. appointedMiss Neale Superior had of gone the Mission to the help at St. of George the Reverend-in-the-East, Charles and to Fuge become Lowder, co-Founder newly and first Warden of the Community. The remaining orphans were placed in the care of the great Atdeal first of the duplicating! Horae Diurnae The early was used 1930's with saw much some supplementary of the Sisters materialvisiting St. entailing Andre's a Sisters of St. Margaret by the Reverend John Mason Neale, their Founder and Elizabeth's Abbey Belgium and Solesmes, to listen to the Chant and to observe the ceremonial. The brother. Warden (Fr. Victor Roberts) also visited many Benedictine Houses both before and after After a few months she was joined by three or four like-minded women and on the war to study rites and customs. applying to Bishop Campbell Tait (later Archbishop of Canterbury) she received his blessing as Mother Elizabeth of the Missionary Sisterhood of the Holy Cross on 20th May war hospitalDuring thebut Second on its closure World in War 1945 the the Community Holy Rule of housed St. Benedict and help was staff formally an emergency adopted 1857. although many Sisters of that time have said that as they had grown into it gradually there The work and the Community grew and property in the London area and beyond was was no real change. At this time each Sister received the Breviary, Antiphonale, and Graduale, taken to house the great variety of active mission work, much of which was described as and everything was according to the Benedictine usage. There was no qualified musician or 'preventative.' `eagernesschoir mistress for the in the Work Community of God.' Training although in obviously the Chant a was great given deal regularly of natural by talent Mr. Alan and All this activity was based on prayer and the earliest Rules laid down 'daily Eucharist Russell and in voice and Sinus Tone Production by Mrs. Edith White, widow of Mr. Ernest Communion and the seven Canonical Hours.' Initially the Liturgy was in English and when G. White. Mass, Terce, Vespers and Compline were sung and the other offices recited in sung, Palmer's Chant was used though the music for Mass would depend on the traditions recto tono. After Vatican II English was gradually re-introduced beginning with the Epistle ofintention the Church to have to a which purpose the built Sisters Convent, were attached. she envisaged It had the not work been as Motherprimarily Foundress'smissionary and Gospel at Mass in the Spring of 1968. The readings were in the vernacular at Matins living among the people and answering as many calls for help as possible throughout the and,and an a simpler attempt task, was Compline. made to translate This was the only breviary partially Office accomplished! into English for Matins, Lauds thiscountry; seemed laying right. firm However, foundations it became for others apparent to build to her on that and a withdrawing Mother House the was Sisters needed when for In 1970 the Missa Normativa was begun, texts for the Introits and Communion those Sisters grown old in the work, for the Novitiate, and a nucleus of the various projects. Antiphons being chosen and simple modal melodies composed by members of the Land was purchased in Haywards Heath, Sussex and with the help of generous GelineauCommunity, Chant). as were The the Alleluia responds is sung to the from responsorial the Graduate psalms with (unless a verse these in English were to tothe the benefactions the first range of buildings was erected to the designs of Thomas Garner and appropriate tone. The Ordinary was in the 'Thou' form for which a number of settings was otherWilliam work Bucknall of Ninian and included Comper. St. It Stephen'salso houses Chapel a pipe which organ also of which contained nothing stained was glassknown and written by a Sister. except that it was considered 'good.' One of the Sisters accompanied the singing with one of In the same year a four-fold Office (Matins, Midday Office, Vespers, Compline) the orphan girls to blow for her. gradually got under way. The structure was that then in use at Stanbrook Abbey and the The convent was blessed in July 1887 by the Father Superior of the Society of St. John weekly psalm cycle, Cistercian 'C' from Mount St. Bernard. Ideas had been pooled in the the Evangelist Father R. M. Benson, Founder of the S.S.J.E. and second Warden of the `Monastic Clearing House' and we were grateful to have the basic material for the Office. In Community. addition different Sisters worked on Hymns, responds, Invitatories, canticles, readings etc. The Conventual Church was built at the beginning of the 20th Century when it so that the Office was more expressive of our broad ecumenical concern and our Anglican became obvious that accommodation for Sisters, orphans and guests was inadequate, heritage. especially when the Sisters all came home for special occasions. The Revised Psalter is used for all the English Psalmody in the Office, the numbering The foundation stone was laid by Lord Halifax on 2nd June 1902 and the building was being altered where necessary to conform with the Breviary. Murray Tones are used and we carried out by Norman and Burt a local firm, to the designs of Walter Tower and Charles had an encouraging visit from Dom Gregory Murray, O.S.B. himself. The Magnificat, the Kempe. It was in cruciform — Gothic style, there were choir stalls for 70 and a large nave, Benedictus (when sung) and some of the responsorial psalms at Mass are sung to the for the orphans and in the early days the local laity. It also housed a pipe organ and there was StanbrookPsalm. Dom Double Laurence Tones. Bevenot, We also O.S.B. use aalso Bevenot visited Tone us and for besides the Christmas illustrating Matins his large Invitatory range some accompaniment until 1954 since when the singing has always been unaccompanied.ofTones was vigorous in his efforts to make us sing! Brother Anselm S.S.J.E. also helped us 20 21 with singing in the early days of the English Mass and Office and we were able to send some Vespers is sung in English on ferias; for memorias the antiphons are as the ferial ones unless Sisters to attend the Monastic Musicians courses held at the Priory, Haywards Heath. especially appointed when they are sung in Latin and after the reading the short respond, The hymnals in use are many and various but most used are the English Hymnal and hymn, versicles and antiphon to the Magnificat are sung from the Antiphonale. The Hymns A and M with their more modern supplements. Lections are taken from the Divine Magnificatpsalms are in itself Latin and for the festivals ending and of the solemnities Office are andin the the vernacular. rest follows The the sameantiphons pattern to as the for traditionsOffice, 'Christ including Our Light,' contemporary A Word material. in Season' Scripture other patristic is always sources read at and Vespers from almost and for the all memorias. On special Solemnities we sing Latin Vespers. Compline is sung in English with first reading at Matins when two readings are appointed. varying hymn melodies and psalm tones according to the season. Our Lady's Antiphon is in This experimental work remains in a provisional state undoubtedly to some extent Latin. because decrease in numbers gave rise to a situation which after much prayer and necessitatedIn 1983 somewe started musical to use adaptations the 'You' and form were at Mass written from by the the agreed Sisters texts with (ICEL). one Gloria This deliberation was resolved in part by the move to Rempstone in 1979. being taken from the music circulated by the Panel of Monastic Musicians. The Mass is Ordinarysung on Sundays, may be sung Festivals or a Latin and Sequence,Solemnities; from the the Creed Graduate. is said. We Occasionally have received agreat aLatin weredeal loanedof help with a Thesaurus our Liturgy for a from long a numberperiod. of Benedictine and Cistercian Houses, and we history;The alabaster Chapel at figures Rempstone forming is a in 'reredos' the converted and showing drawing the room, Crucifixion containing with our links second- with our ary patrons St. Stephen and St. Katharine at the foot of the Cross and another of Our Lady and the Holy Child enthroned. These were given to the Community in 1887 by the people theof St. Cross Peter's which London came Docks. originally The Tabernaclefrom the retreat is from House the old at High Limpsfield Altar and had the been Stations in the of Haywards Heath House Chapel until the removal. The Choir Stalls were designed by frommembers an oak of thetree, Community from the grounds, and it is which hoped was to replace felled in the 1988. temporary altar with one made accomodation.The guests sit They at the are backgiven books(other and Religious join in the come spoken into Offices Choir) and and Mass. there There is limited is the hymndanger, at because Mass when of our they small occasionally numbers take that the they lead, could we 'overwhelm' have to be somewhat us so apart circumspectfrom the about giving out music, or issue a warning at the same time! invitedFor two the or Easter three Vigil to help Service us out we with are the joined readings. by local Any parishioners version of theand Bible recently (in English) we have may be used providing that it is announced. It is obvious that they appreciate this active participation in the worship.

Rempstone Hall in Nottingham, in the Diocese of Southwell is in the centre of countryEngland. house, The Hall almost was equidistant built at the from end ofthe the cities 18th of Century Nottingham, with Leicester later additions. and Derby, A small but in a pleasant (as yet) rural area. Here we are able to receive individuals and groups for quiet days and a limited number of private retreatants. We also continue to write, print and despatch the Meditation leaflets on 'Unity' and 'Loneliness to Solitude' themes and produce prayer and greeting cards and other handicrafts. exceptionAt present of the Matins Te Deum and (tothe chant Day Hour composed are recited by a inSister) the spoken and the voice Day in Hour English hymn. with The the `Midday Office' was more recently moved to 9:00 a.m. most days, when Mass is at noon, becausethe work of load the needof the to more structure active the Sisters day to so take for intosimplicity consideration is known the as aged the Day and infirmHour. and There are special musical additions at Christmas, Holy Week, Easter and Pentecost. 22 23 St.(eras Priory Anglican Diocese of York The Order of the Holy Paraclete printed!legacy, much Meanwhile, has been in linechanged. with general liturgical reform, whilst respecting Walter Frere's Whitby,St. Hilda's N. Priory,Yorkshire, Sneaton Y021 3QNCastle, The 1960's was a decade of pruning of the Greater Office; the 1970's saw the Order England. settlingbeen simplified into a four and-fold the music pattern largely of the re Divine-written Office, by a small and in thegroup mid of 1980's Sisters. the The format music has is In 1915 Margaret Sylvia Francis Cope founded the Order of the Holy Paraclete as a now tonal, matching more closely the capabilities of the Sisters for whom it is essential Benedictine-style educational Order, emphasizing liturgy and silence, but also robust active worship works. Lauds and Vespers are sung, but the psalms (from the American Psalter) said — at This action was provoked by the closure of the Secondary School run by the least for the present. The Midday Office in use for many years now is that published by Community of St. Peter, Horbury. Margaret Cope, its headmistress, also a novice, felt C.R., Mirfield. Compline, slightly revised, continues to be said, with hymn and canticle and called to re-establish the school elsewhere, as an integral part of her religious vocation. This occasionally a responsary being sung. venture she was permitted to undertake with three others, in faith, on a budget of 250 ChoirThe practices, current and Chauntress trains the (BA novices Hons, and Music), school a choir. professional The pupils teacher, attend holds most regular Sung pounds, renting Sneaton Castle. Whitby was chosen for its associations with St. Hilda and Eucharists (together with other regular worshippers and guests), on special occasions other Northern Saints. providing anthems and instrumental music (on woodwind, strings, percussion etc.). The createdThe in windswept 1819 by a castle, retired overlooking sugar-planter town, who Norman extended Abbey and ruinsembellished and sea, had the beenearlier handsome replacement pipe-organ, built by Church and Co. in 1983, is used to accompany Claremont Lodge. Here St. Hilda's School, the Order's Foundation work, continues to the Sung Eucharist, the solo voluntaries, by organ scholars, and for recitals. Hymns flourish alongside the Community. (plainsong excepted) are accompanied on either organ or piano. Mother Margaret remained in Office till her death in 1961. Always "several strides PrayerFor and the English Eucharist, Missal. the English Alternative plainsong Service settings Book (1980) have given has replaced way to modern the Book ones, of Common except chair,ahead," and she each had voting insisted responsibly. on a democratic Invaluable form of initial Chapter help government: was given by the Fr. WalterPrioress Frere, in the at Requiems. To encourage the pupils, there is a wide variety of sung settings and hymns, C.R. in drawing up a sound Constitution (Statutes of Government) and Foundation Rule including those of Alan Wilson who visits annually to teach his music. The English Hymnal, — firmly based on that of St. Bendict. A simpler Rule was later distilled from this, and a Hymns Ancient and Modern (with supplements), Sound of Living Waters, Folk Hymnals and separate Customary worked out. The Order's motto is "Rooted and grounded in Love," its formanuscript the benefit hymns of the are District all in congregation.use. There is a Hymns,simpler Sundayanthems, Eucharist a Te Deum, (and and Sunday many carolsSchool) adorationcollect quotes of the Ephesians mystery 3:14-19. of the giftIts stated of the purpose Holy Spirit. is "to live. .to for reinterpret the glory ofin God successive and in set to poems by the Foundress, have been composed by several Sisters, but not published. generations the monastic and educational ideals of the foundress. . .through its worship, common life and work." novitiateThese training), ideals have but been also expressedthrough numerous not only Branch at Ale Mother Houses House both in (including the UK and the Significantoverseas: in ecumenical Africa (Ghana, involvement South has Africa, included Zimbabwe the Anglo-Swedish and Swaziland); Conferences also in Sweden. of 1949- 1961, held either at St. Jarnholm or at the Whitby Priory where the Fellowship of St. Hilda culturaland St. andErik denominational was formed. Sisters backgrounds, themselves whilst come also from sharing a wide in the spectrum vision, and of fornational, both men and women, there is a flourishing Tertiary Order as well as Associates. From its foundation in 1915 till the 1970's, the Order observed a 7-fold Office wasconsisting all based of on Lauds the Sarum(sung), Use Prime, in English: Terce, Sext, work None, prepared Vespers by G.H. (sung) Palmer and and Compline. published This by St.from Mary's original Press, medieval Wantage. sources For bythe the Greater late Bishop Office Walter there was Frere a wealth of the of Community music collected of the Resurrection, Mirfield, and used uniquely by O.H.P. All this music, including about 700 ferial responds, was for decades copied out by each new novice. The Lesser Office came from "The Daily Hours of the Church„ (published Longmans, Green & Co.). Walter Frere, an impressive scholar and liturgiologist, made his will in 1928-1930. It was almost solely concerned with the future of his erudite collection of manuscripts notes and music, and includes this clause: Whitby Breviary: The Sisters know all about this, but neededhave not by yet them revised for revision it: nor have work." I. All Sixty the years materials on, the used "Whitby are in my Breviary" hands and has yetwould to be be 24 25

',41=i1.11MV',Z1ISMUI;MVAla Community of St. Peter the 5lpostfe Anglican Diocese of Gloucester St. Peter's Convent, 'WafcejUfd Anglican Diocese of York Glenfall House, Harp Hill Community of St. Peter, Cheltenham, Glos. GL54 4EP Dovecote Lane, Horbury, England. Wakefield. W. Yorkshire, WF4 6BB England. The COMMUNITY OF ST. PETER THE APOSTLE was founded in 1855. Originally, the active object of the Community was to provide for the discharge of works The COMMUNITY OF ST. PETER, Horbury, was founded in 1858 by the Vicar of of mercy, especially for the spiritual and moral restoration of women, and care of the sick Horbury, Canon John Sharp and his cousin Mrs. Harriet Louisa Sidney Lear, a Victorian and infirm. With a view to the more perfect fulfillment of its objects, the Community in authoress. Horbury, now a part of Wakefield, was a village in West Yorkshire, an area of 1922, decided to base its life on the Rule of St. Benedict, and the Benedictine way of life England much affected by the Industrial Revolution. has since been observed. The poverty and living conditions of many of the people in the growing industrial In 1932 the Community moved to Laleham Abbey, where it continued for forty- areas caused many problems, and the first work of the Community was moral welfare eight years, undertaking school, and mission work, both at home and abroad, and, more rescue work amongst women and girls. Girls were taken into residential care taught a trade, recently, the care of elderly ladies. and given a new start in life. The work began in two cottages made into one, and then in 1864 the Community moved to its present site. In 1980 the Community moved to Cheltenham, where the Sisters now carryon their life of prayer and worship, and also have a small Guest.House for private Retreatants, or With the course of time the na.ture of the main work changed, first to an approved for quiet holidays. No outside work is undertaken, but the house in Cheltenham, school (for young delinquent girls) then to a small boarding school for maladjusted girls. undertaking the care of slightly mentally handicapped girls. Alongside this main work other works have been undertaken. In keeping with Benedictine tradition hospitality, education, pastoral work, and use of skills, have all formed a part of our life. Retreats have been held almost from the earliest days of the Community. The first one for priests was in 1865, and was conducted by Richard Meux Benson who was to found the Community of St. John the Evangelist. Dr. Dykes attended this and as a thanksgiving wrote the tune to the hymn "Nearer My God to Thee" and called it "Horbury." Parish work, church embroidery, and baking of altar breads have also been done. The school for maladjusted girls was discontinued in 1980 but St. Hilda's School, an independent day school for children between three and a half and eleven years continues. Like many Communities we are in a very transitional stage of our history as we move from the institutional into more individual pastoral ministries, so one Sister visits the elderly, another the women's prison in this area, and another works with the mentally ill. In the Benedictine Year Book, C.S.P.H. is listed as a Community with a Benedictine spirit rather than O.S.B. The Divine Office is an important part of our prayer life. For many years the Community used the Monastic Diurnal, the Office of the Community of St. Mary, Peekskill. The revision of the Office became urgent in 1980 when the Community began to use the Alternative Service Book published that year for use in the Church of England. The Office we used harmonized with the Book of Common Prayer, and as the collects, epistles and gospels in the A.S.B. followed a different pattern, the Monastic Diurnal no longer fitted in with the Eucharist. The first step in the revision was to use the A.S.B. collects and to find antiphons for the Magnificat and Benedictus from the Gospel for the day. Next the language of the Office was modernized, material from the A.S.B. was incorporated, as were quotations from the writings of the Saints. We were greatly indebted to Dr. Mary Berry and Miss Rosemary McCabe of the Schola Gregoriana of Cambridge for help with the revision of the music. We sing the Divine Office to Gregorian Chant (though we monotone parts of it) and use the American Psalter pointed by one of the Sisters to fit in with the Gregorian psalm tones. At the Eucharist we sing the K yries, Gloria, Sanctus, and Agnus to plainsong settings adapted to Rite A of the Alternative Service Book by the Community of St. Mary the Virgin, Wantage. For the introit, gradual, offertory, and at the end of Mass we sing hymns, usually from the New English Hymnal or One Hundred Hymns for Today.

27 Occasionally we have sung a Taize chant. Orefer of the 9io[y Cross The Order of the Holy Cross With the exception of the music from Taize, the K yries, and Benedicamus Domino 1601 Oxford Street -Deo Gratias at the end of Solemn Vespers, all our singing is done in English. Berkeley, California USA 94709 Mass and Vespers are accompanied by a pipe organ played by one of the Sisters. The ORDER OF THE HOLY CROSS was founded in New York City in 1884 when The organ is an 18th Century chamber organ built in 1770 by the famous German Fr. James Otis Sargent Huntington took his life vow as the first member. About ten years organ builder John Snetzler. It was given to the Community by the parents and staff of St. later, the new community found that it could not cultivate its communal life in the midst of Hilda's School on the occasion of the Centenary of the Community in 1958. the city, so it moved, first to rural Maryland, then, in 1902 to West park, on the Hudson There is a small regular congregation at the Sung Mass on Sunday. Our retreatants and River in upstate New York where it's oldest and largest monastery is still located. other guests also attend, and are welcome to come to the Divine Office. For the most part The Order was not founded as a Benedictine community, but for 100 years followed a our guests follow the Office silently, but sometimes we have visitors who are familiar with Rule written by Fr. Huntington, which was drawn from several sources. As years passed, the Compline music and who join in the singing. The whole congregation joins in the the life of the Order evolved in the direction of the Benedictine tradition, without any hymns at the Sunday Eucharist. conscious effort at doing so. Therefore, in 1984 at the Centennial Chapter, the Rule of St. Our Office consists of Lauds, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Compline. We have Benedict was adopted alongside Fr. Huntington's Rule and both are read by the Order. (In worked out our own psalm scheme and take a month to go through the Psalter. The 1985, the Episcopal Church added Fr. Huntington's name to the calendar of saints of the Calendar is that of the A.S.B. with the addition of several extra saints days. Church, observing his feast day on Nov. 25.) Most of the music is traditional but the Sister whose main work it was to revise the Holy Cross does not have a specific apostolate, but rather is to leave itself open to the Office composed several new antiphons and worked out the acompaniment for the revised needs of the time and the guiding of the Spirit. Through the years, the primary ministry has music. However, neither the music nor the words of the Office we have evolved for our use been that of hospitality, providing facilities for retreats and conferences. For decades, has been published. Our "Office Book" is a series of loose-leaf files at the moment, as we members of the Order also traveled all over the U.S. and Canada to Churches, preaching wish to pray it and sing it for some time before finally committing it to print. missions and conducting schools of prayer. The Order has also been active in education, having founded two schools for boys (which it no longer runs), and has done missionary work in Africa. At present the Order is cultivating a diversity of life-styles and ministry within the community. Four of our monasteries are rural and four are urban. The rural monasteries I continue to concentrate on the ministry of hospitality, while members in the urban monasteries go out from the houses to work in various forms of teaching and social service. i' The liturgical life of the Order centers around the recitation of the Divine Office (at II present a four-fold Office: Matins, Diurnum at Noon, Vespers, and Compline), and the daily Eucharist. In the urban monasteries, there is a tendency to use Matins or Vespers as II the liturgy of the Word for the Eucharist, beginning the Eucharist proper at the offertory. Because members who work outside the house are often not able to be present for the noon Ii Office and for Compline, the psalter is arranged so the bulk of the psalms are used at Matins I! and Vespers, in a three week cycle. At present the Order is grappling with the questions Ii raised by inclusive language and is revising its Office book to make all references to human I' beings inclusive. The Eucharist liturgy is that of the Book of Common Prayer, using the version of that book which is official in whatever country the monastery is located. It is the Order's custom to sing all of the Office except Matins, which would be sung only on major feast days. The only music used throughout the Order for the Office is traditional Gregorian chant, largely based on the chant as published in The Monastic Diurnal Noted, published by the Community of St. Mary and now out of print. The Order began using that music when it also recited the Office from The Monastic Diurnal. When the Order moved from the seven daily Offices of The Monastic Diurnal to the present pattern of four daily Offices around 1967, the music was adapted to the new form by members of the Order. Some new music was also written in Gregorian style for the newly added canticles in the revised Office. The Order has always worshipped in English, and uses no Latin chants. The music for the Eucharist is largely taken from various national Hymnals of the

28 29 Anglican communion. In Ghana, where there is no official Hymnal, hymns are sung from 'Ewef{ :Monastery; Anglican Diocese of Rochester Hymns Ancient and Modern and new hymns written in the local languages are also used. Ewell Monastery, West Mailing, These are usually accompanied by drums and other traditional instruments. Kent, ME19 6HH Guests of the Order are encouraged to participate in the liturgy. In fact, the Order has England. been influential in the liturgical life of the Episcopal Church as a whole, largely through the experience which guests have of worshipping with the community. In the early part of this EWELL MONASTERY is an Anglican Cistercian community of monks founded in century, the Order promoted the ceremonial revival in the Episcopal Church, and in the 1966. The Archbishop's Advisory Council for Religious Communities decided in 1977 last twenty years has actively promoted liturgical renewal and the use of contemporary that the community should be recognized by the Church of England. The founder, Father liturgical expressions. Aelred Arnesen became the first elected Father of the new community, on September 23, 1978. Holy Cross does not have a professional choirmaster. The Community follows the Rule of St. Benedict according to the principles of the The music which is used has only been reproduced for the use of the Order, the Order Cistercian Reform. The Cistercian General Chapter has voted that the community be in of St. Helena and the Sisters of the Holy Nativity. spiritual affiliation with the Order. The monks follow the contemplative monastic tradition without interruption, living by the work of their hands and recei ving guests for prayer and quiet in a small guesthouse close to the monastery. The Community has not attempted any particular music on its own.

30 31 'Burnham Anglican Diocese of Oxford, House of Prayer, Britwell Road, Burnham, Slough, SLl 8DQ England.

The CONGREGATION OF THE SERVANTS OF CHRIST was founded in 1897 and originally intended as a missionary training center and for a time it undertook the work of preparing women for missions overseas. Out of this apostolate the Foundress discovered what she believed to be an even more urgent call to the apostolate of prayer. The Community moved to Burnham in 1921 to live the contemplative life under monastic enclosure. The Rule is based on that of St. Benedict with Cistercian elements. Priority is given to the daily celebration of Mass and the Divine Office and to sustained periods of silent prayer. Simplicity, poverty and silence are important characteristics of the life. For the Divine Office the Community has, for many years, used the noted Monastic Diurnal printed in the United States of America. It uses its own hymns for the Little Hours. The Divine Office has always been in the vernacular. At sung Mass the Responsorial Psalms are those composed by a monk at Mount Saint Bernard Abbey. In October of 1989 the Community moved to Edgware Abbey.