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Infrared Spectra of Noble Gases (12000 to 19000 Ar Curtis 1
Journal of Research of the Nationa l Bureau of Sta ndards Vol. 49, No. 2, August 1952 Resea rch Paper 2345 Infrared Spectra of Noble Gases (12000 to 19000 Ar Curtis 1. Humphreys and Henry 1. Kostkowski . The first spectra of heliUl.n, neon, argon, krypton, and xe non, excited by discharges in gelssler t ubes, operated by direct connection to a transformer, have been explored in the ll1frared (1 2090 to 19000 A) . A hi~h-reso lu t.i o n , automatically recording, infrared spec trom eter, emploYlllg a. 15009-h~ es -p e r-lllch gratlllg and lead-sulfi de photocond ucting detector, was used as t he dlspersmg mstrument. A new set of wavelength values is reported for all t hese spectra. New data include 18 pre viously unreported lines of neon and 36 of krypton all of which have been. classified . .~h e descriptions of t he spectra of argon, krypton, and xe non represent essent ially a repetit IOn of t he observations of Sitt ner and Peck. Several prev io~ s l y missing classificat ions a re supplied, also a few amended interpretat ions. The analysIs of t hese spectra m ay be regarded as complete. Use of selected lines as wavelength standards is suggested., 1. Introduction mocouple detector were reported by Humphreys and Plyler [2] . These observations covered the same The essentially complete character of both the spec tral region in which the data herein reported were d escription and interpretation of th e photographed obtained, but, because of well-known limitations af spec tra of the noble atmospheric gases makes it fecting the precision of spectral data obtained by apparent that any reopening of th e subject can be prism spec trometers with thermal detectors, may be justified only on the basis of th e availability of new' considered as en tirely sup erseded by the presen t sources of information, such as a new technique of work. -
Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla Tesla c. 1896 10 July 1856 Born Smiljan, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia) 7 January 1943 (aged 86) Died New York City, United States Nikola Tesla Museum, Belgrade, Resting place Serbia Austrian (1856–1891) Citizenship American (1891–1943) Graz University of Technology Education (dropped out) ‹ The template below (Infobox engineering career) is being considered for merging. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. › Engineering career Electrical engineering, Discipline Mechanical engineering Alternating current Projects high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments [show] Significant design o [show] Awards o Signature Nikola Tesla (/ˈtɛslə/;[2] Serbo-Croatian: [nǐkola têsla]; Cyrillic: Никола Тесла;[a] 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American[4][5][6] inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist who is best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.[7] Born and raised in the Austrian Empire, Tesla studied engineering and physics in the 1870s without receiving a degree, and gained practical experience in the early 1880s working in telephony and at Continental Edison in the new electric power industry. He emigrated in 1884 to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen. He worked for a short time at the Edison Machine Works in New York City before he struck out on his own. With the help of partners to finance and market his ideas, Tesla set up laboratories and companies in New York to develop a range of electrical and mechanical devices. His alternating current (AC) induction motor and related polyphase AC patents, licensed by Westinghouse Electric in 1888, earned him a considerable amount of money and became the cornerstone of the polyphase system which that company eventually marketed. -
An Efficient Vacuum Apparatus for Microtechnic
AN EFFICIENT VACUUM APPARATUS FOR MICROTECHNIC EUGENE B. WITTLAKE1 The Ohio State University From time to time notes on vacuum apparatus and its applications to micro- technic have been published. These papers, with the exception of very few instances, do not deal with the actual measurement and control of vacuum, the effect of vacuum on tissues and the pumping of tissues in reagents not miscible with water and water vapor. It seemed necessary, therefore, to check the above conditions and to determine, if possible, their relation to fixation, dehydration and infiltration of paraffin in plant material in the "in vacuo" process. Lebowich (4) in 1936 developed a soap-wax medium for the simultaneous dehydration and infiltration of human tissues. In this technic he employed a vacuum apparatus consisting of a faucet aspirator and a wide-mouthed bottle placed in an oven automatically controlled for temperature. Later Moritz (5) modified Lebowich's vacuum pump. Instead of using the expensive equipment which Lebowich had at his disposal, Moritz attained the same end with ordinary laboratory equipment obtainable by any technician. In the same paper he presented a modification of Lebowich's dehydration schedule. In the technics of both of these men a vacuum apparatus was used to definite advantage in regard to time and thoroughness of preparation of tissues. In April 1940 Chermock and Hance (2) announced the use of a vacuum pump for general micrology. Their principle dehydration agent was "methyl cellosolve" which they used in a vacuum apparatus of simple and convenient construction. Their accessory devices were a thermometer and a water trap. -
Tracing the Recorded History of Thin-Film Sputter Deposition: from the 1800S to 2017
Review Article: Tracing the recorded history of thin-film sputter deposition: From the 1800s to 2017 Cite as: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 35, 05C204 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4998940 Submitted: 24 March 2017 . Accepted: 10 May 2017 . Published Online: 08 September 2017 J. E. Greene COLLECTIONS This paper was selected as Featured ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN Review Article: Plasma–surface interactions at the atomic scale for patterning metals Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 35, 05C203 (2017); https:// doi.org/10.1116/1.4993602 Microstructural evolution during film growth Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 21, S117 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1601610 Overview of atomic layer etching in the semiconductor industry Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 33, 020802 (2015); https:// doi.org/10.1116/1.4913379 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 35, 05C204 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4998940 35, 05C204 © 2017 Author(s). REVIEW ARTICLE Review Article: Tracing the recorded history of thin-film sputter deposition: From the 1800s to 2017 J. E. Greenea) D. B. Willett Professor of Materials Science and Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801; Tage Erlander Professor of Physics, Linkoping€ University, Linkoping,€ Sweden, 58183, Sweden; and University Professor of Materials Science, National Taiwan University Science and Technology, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan (Received 24 March 2017; accepted 10 May 2017; published 8 September 2017) Thin films, ubiquitous in today’s world, have a documented history of more than 5000 years. However, thin-film growth by sputter deposition, which required the development of vacuum pumps and electrical power in the 1600s and the 1700s, is a much more recent phenomenon. -
Construction and Application of a Novel Combination Glove Box Deposition System to the Study of Air-Sensitive Materials by Tunneling Spectroscopy
Construction and application of a novel combination glove box deposition system to the study of air-sensitive materials by tunneling spectroscopy Cite as: Review of Scientific Instruments 55, 1120 (1984); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1137895 Submitted: 27 February 1984 . Accepted: 20 March 1984 . Published Online: 04 June 1998 K. W. Hipps, and Ursula Mazur ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN A Versatile, Inert Atmosphere Vacuum Glove Box Review of Scientific Instruments 40, 414 (1969); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1683961 Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy in molecular junctions: Peaks and dips The Journal of Chemical Physics 121, 11965 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1814076 Review of Scientific Instruments 55, 1120 (1984); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1137895 55, 1120 © 1984 American Institute of Physics. Construction and application of a novel combination glove box deposition system to the study of air-sensitive materials by tunneling spectroscopy K. W. Hipps and Ursula Mazur Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630 (Received 27 February 1984; accepted for publication 20 March 1984) The construction and application of a high-vacuum deposition system housed in a recirculating, catalytically scrubbed, inert-atmosphere glove box is reported. This system is specifically applied to the fabrication of tunnel diodes used in a surface vibrational spectroscopy called inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy or lETS. Through the use of this inert-atmosphere adsorption/ fabrication system, tunneling spectra have been obtained from a variety of air-sensitive compounds adsorbed on aluminum oxide. Up to now, spectra of some of the species reported here have been unattainable by the adsorption techniques used in lETS. -
2020 NGSS High School Chemistry Supply List
Recommended Minimum Core Inventory for NGSS High School Chemistry, Class of 32 Students Qty. Per Catalog Equipment / Supplies FREY Catalog # Total Classroom Unit $ SAFETY EQUIPMENT 1 Acid Corrosive Storage Cabinet 528445 $602.09 $602.09 1 Corrosive Storage Cabinet 528446 $1,009.95 $1,009.95 1 Chemical Spill Kit 1491078 $146.29 $146.29 Chemical Storage Reference - Ask your Frey 1 Chemical Storage Reference Scientific Representative how to safely store your chemicals with our Color Code System. 1 Emergency Shower and Eyewash 572443 $3,135.95 $2,983.95 1 Gravit-Eye Portable Eye Wash Station, 16 gallon 1320143 $333.39 $333.39 1 Fire Blanket w/ Hanging Pouch, 6' L x 5' W 1488340 $149.99 $149.99 1 Dry Chemical Fire Extinguisher 1471240 $153.79 $153.79 1 First Aid Station for 25 people 1451983 $70.09 $70.09 1 Flammables Storage Cabinet, 23-1/4" x 35" x 12 gallon, yellow 601016 $960.95 $960.95 1 Fume Hood Labconco Basic 47 526701 $10,081.49 $10,081.49 32 Indirect Vent Safety Goggles 577927 $3.89 $124.48 1 Goggle Sanitizer Cabinet 1574050 $911.99 $911.99 32 Rubberized Aprons, 27" x 42" 589239 $8.39 $268.48 EQUIPMENT / SUPPLIES 1 Balance, Ohaus Pioneer Precision, 0.001 mg, 160g capacity 2001994 $1,254.69 $1,254.69 5 Balance, Ohaus Navigator Electronic , .01g, 510g capacity 2012765 $328.79 $1,643.95 3 Beakers, 50 mL, Pyrex Vista Low Form Borosilicate, pk/12 529623 $35.09 $105.27 3 Beakers, 100 mL, Pyrex Vista Low Form Borosilicate, pk/12 529624 $35.09 $105.27 2 Beakers, 250 ml, Pyrex Vista Low Form Borosilicate pk/12 529626 $37.39 $74.78 2 Beakers, -
PER-CAST VACUUM CASTING MACHINE No.0132 120V No.0133 240V
PER-CAST VACUUM CASTING MACHINE No.0132 120V No.0133 240V Feature:This vacuum investment machine can also be used as a vacuum casting machine. Specifications: 0132 0133 Voltage 120V 240V Amperage 6A 3A Cycle 60Hz 50Hz Speed 1720 rpm 1420 rpm Horse power ¼ HP Phase Single Dimension 26⅜"×14³/ "×13¾" (67×36×35cm) (Bell jar not included) 16 Investment table 10⅜"×10⅜" (27×27cm) 5 Vacuum chamber Ф5 ⁄16"×7¼" (13.5×18.5cm) Vacuum pump 65 liter / min Net weight 89.1Lbs(40.5kgs) Shipping weight 93.5Lbs(42.5kgs) 1-5 Parts name 1 2 8 6 3 4 5 7 9 1 Investment table 4 Vacuum pump gauge 7 Oil filler cap 2 Vacuum chamber 5 Control handle 8 Sight glass 3 ON/OFF switch 6 Power line cord 9 Oil drain plug Accessories: A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 No.0490 No.0130-038 No.0130-039 No.0130-042 9"Bell jar:1pc. Investment table rubber pad:1pc. Silicone rubber pad:1pc. Vacuum pump oil:600cc A-5 A-6 A-7 A-8 No.0160 No.0155-002 No.0155-001 No.0225 15"Perforated flask tong:1pc. Handle for crucible:1pc. Crucible:1pc. 3⅜"×4" Perforated flask:1pc. A-9 A-10 A-11 A-12 No.0264 No.0225-001 No.3303 No.3304 3⅜"Tree sprue base:1pc. 3⅜"Flask sleeve:1pc. 4"Adapter ring:1pc. 3⅜"Adapter ring:1pc. A-13 A-14 A-15 A-16 No.3302 No.3501 No.3503 No.3504 ½"Adapter ring:1pc. -
High School Chemistry
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM CORE INVENTORY TO SUPPORT STANDARDS-BASED INSTRUCTION HIGH SCHOOL GRADES SCIENCES High School Chemistry Quantity per Quantity per lab classroom/ Description group adjacent work area SAFETY EQUIPMENT 2 Acid storage cabinet (one reserved exclusively for nitric acid) 1 Chemical spill kit 1 Chemical storage reference book 5 Chemical waste containers (Categories: corrosives, flammables, oxidizers, air/water reactive, toxic) 1 Emergency shower 1 Eye wash station 1 Fire blanket 1 Fire extinguisher 1 First aid kit 1 Flammables cabinet 1 Fume hood 1/student Goggles 1 Goggles sanitizer (holds 36 pairs of goggles) 1/student Lab aprons COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING 1 Television or digital projector 1 VGA Adapters for various digital devices EQUIPMENT/SUPPLIES 1 box Aluminum foil 100 Assorted rubber stoppers 1 Balance, analytical (0.001g precision) 5 Balance, electronic or manual (0.01g precision) 1 pkg of 50 Balloons, latex 4 Beakers, 50 mL 4 Beakers, 100 mL 2 Beakers, 250 mL Developed by California Science Teachers Association to support the implementation of the California Next Generation Science Standards. Approved by the CSTA Board of Directors November 17, 2015. Quantity per Quantity per lab classroom/ Description group adjacent work area 2 Beakers, 400 or 600 mL 1 Beakers, 1000 mL 1 Beaker tongs 1 Bell jar 4 Bottle, carboy round, LDPE 10 L 4 Bottle, carboy round, LDPE 4 L 10 Bottle, narrow mouth, 1000 mL 20 Bottle, narrow mouth, 125 mL 20 Bottle, narrow mouth, 250 mL 20 Bottle, narrow mouth, 500 mL 10 Bottle, wide mouth, 125 -
XXXIK-The Collection and Examination of the Gases Produced by Bacteria from Certain Media
View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue 322 PAKES AND JOLLYMAN : COLLECTION AND EXAMINATION XXXIK-The Collection and Examination of the Gases produced by Bacteria from certain Media. By WALTERCHARLES CROSS PAKES and WALTERHENRY JOLLY AN. DURINGthe course of an investigation upon the bacterial flora of the water of a certain well, several specimens of bacteria were isolated which belonged to the group of Bacillus jhorescens Ziquefcccielzs. The determination of the cultural reactions enabled us to divide these into two groups, (1) that which produced gas, and (2) that which produced no gas in media containing nitrate. These were provisionally designated 5.0.7 and S.0.6 respectively. In order to obtain more information concerning the former of these, it was decided to analyse the gas produced . As the various forms of apparatus hitherto described for the purpose of the collection of gas thus produced did not seem to be sufficiently accurate or suitable for our purpose, we designed one which is both simple and accurate. It was necessary to have an apparatus which fulfilled the following conditions : (1) A relatively large amount of medium must be used-from 300 to 500 C.C. (2) The gas receiver must have a capacity of at least 600 C.C. (3) It must be easy to inoculate the medium without any chance of accidental contamination. (4) The receiver must be fitted with taps so that a part or the whole of the gas can be removed during the course of the experiment with- out chance of contamination. -
Fuel, Water and Gas Analysis for Steam Users
FUE L WAT ER A N D , GAS A NA LY S IS M US ER S FOR STEA , BY H N B C K H W I E S F. C . O . R A $ , A u tl wr o S mok P r v n ti n e a tc f e e e o , t , e W ith 50 Illustratio ns . LONDO N. ARC IB CONSTAB E C LTD D . H AL L 8: O . 1 0 9 7 . 1 4 1 0 2 5 AP R 1 5 1910 9 9 52 0 T H N 1 M A$$ $ P REFA C E . TEAM-USERS have shown a tendency in the past to - - neglect the boiler house for the engine room , and have concentrated their efforts for the improvement of the e ffi ciency of the plant almost exclusively upon the latter . A study of the losses incurred during the conversion of the thermal energy stored in coal into the thermal energy o f - steam , will show that it is in the boiler house that the greater preventable losses are occurring , and that the ratio ma y be expressed by the numbers 25 and 5. It is however , now beginning to be recognized that a s cientifically managed boiler-house is a sine quanon for the e i conom c generation of steam power , and considerable attention is being given by steam-engineers to this portion of their power generating plant . The chemical examination of the fuel , water, and of the waste gases has been found to be of great service in attain ing the highest efficiency from the boiler plant but no fi work has hitherto been published , at once scienti c and - practical , covering the ground required by the boiler house en lneer g . -
Plasma-Assisted Co-Evaporation of S and Se for Wide Band Gap DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Chalcopyrite Photovoltaics: Final Subcontract Report, 5B
A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Plasma-Assisted Co-evaporation Subcontract Report NREL/SR-520-38357 of S and Se for Wide Band Gap August 2005 Chalcopyrite Photovoltaics Final Subcontract Report December 2001 — April 2005 I. Repins ITN Energy Systems, Inc. Littleton, Colorado C. Wolden Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Plasma-Assisted Co-evaporation Subcontract Report NREL/SR-520-38357 of S and Se for Wide Band Gap August 2005 Chalcopyrite Photovoltaics Final Subcontract Report December 2001 — April 2005 I. Repins ITN Energy Systems, Inc. Littleton, Colorado C. Wolden Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado NREL Technical Monitor: H. Ullal Prepared under Subcontract No(s). NDJ-2-30630-11 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 This publication was reproduced from the best available copy submitted by the subcontractor and received no editorial review at NREL. NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. -
The Cathode Ray Tube 1
Kendall Dix The Cathode Ray Tube 1 PHYSICS II HONORS PROJECT THE CATHODE RAY TUBE BY: KENDALL DIX 001-H ID: 010363995 Kendall Dix The Cathode Ray Tube 2 Introduction !The purpose of this construction project was the replication of Crookes tube, or the cathode ray tube. I was inspired by the historical and modern significance of the cathode ray. A modification of Crookes tube evolved into the first televisions. Although these are being phased out, their importance is undeniable. In modern times the basic cathode ray is not used for anything but demonstrating gasses conducting electricity. How it should work !A Crookes tube is constructed by applying a voltage from a few kV to 100 kV between a cathode and anode (Gilman). Although the Crookes tube requires an evacuation of gas, it must not be complete. The remaining gas is crucial to the process. The cathode (negative side) is induced to emit electrons by naturally occurring positive ions in the air (Townsend). The positive ions are attracted to the negative charge of the cathode. They collide with other air particles and strip off electrons, creating more positive ions. The positive ions collide with the cathode so powerfully that they knock off the excess electrons. These electrons are immediately attracted to the anode and begin accelerating toward it. Because Crookes tube is a cold cathode (no heat applied), the cathode requires the impact of the ions to knock off electrons. The maximum vacuum or minimum gas pressure to begin the chain reaction of ions in the gas is about 10-6 atm (Thompson).