Improvements for Neck Lake and El Capitan Cave Roads Environmental Assessment
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United States Department of Agriculture Improvements for Neck Lake and El Capitan Cave Roads Environmental Assessment Forest Service Tongass National Forest Alaska Region Thorne Bay Ranger District R10-MB-797 February 2016 For More Information Contact: Rich Jacobson Craig Ranger District 900 Main Street PO Box 500 Craig, Alaska 99921 Telephone: (907) 826-1626 Email: [email protected] Fax: (907) 826-2972 Cover photographs, clockwise from top left: • Existing road along Neck Lake with forest upslope of the lake (Robert Peccia and Associates [RPA]). • The existing road on the Neck Lake causeway (RPA). • A culturally modified tree along the existing road near Neck Lake (RPA). • A deer crossing the Prince of Wales highway during construction (Forest Service). • Reading an interpretive sign on the Beaver Falls Karst Interpretive Trail (Forest Service). • The existing road flooding during high rainfall accumulation in Neck Lake (RPA). 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Thorne Bay Ranger District, Tongass National Forest Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Decisions to be Made ....................................................................................................................... 3 Need for the Proposal ....................................................................................................................... 3 Support Current and Future Transportation Systems ................................................................... 3 Physical and Operational Features ............................................................................................... 4 Reduce Maintenance .................................................................................................................... 4 Economic Development ............................................................................................................... 4 Access to Recreational and Subsistence Activities ...................................................................... 4 Connection to the Rest of Prince of Wales Island ........................................................................ 5 Forest Plan Consistency ............................................................................................................... 5 Proposed Action ............................................................................................................................... 6 Common to All Segments ............................................................................................................ 7 Design Elements and Standards, Best Management Practices, Resource Protection Measures, and Monitoring ........................................................................................................ 9 Permits and Other Requirements ............................................................................................ 18 Segment 1: Neck Lake Junction to Southern Whale Pass Marine Access Facility Junction ..... 19 Segment 2: Southern Whale Pass MAF Junction to Whale Pass ............................................... 19 Segment 3: Neck Lake Junction to El Capitan Cave ................................................................. 21 No Action Alternative ................................................................................................................ 21 Alternatives Eliminated from Further Analysis ......................................................................... 21 Higher Design Speed Alternative ........................................................................................... 21 Twin Island and Cavern Lakes Alternative ............................................................................ 21 Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Action ............................................................................. 22 Cumulative Impacts ................................................................................................................... 23 Air Quality ................................................................................................................................. 23 Aquatic Resources ...................................................................................................................... 24 Cultural, Historical, and Paleontological Resources .................................................................. 35 Geology and Minerals, including Karst and Caves .................................................................... 36 Hazardous Waste Sites ............................................................................................................... 39 Land Use and ROW Acquisitions .............................................................................................. 40 Noise .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Public Services and Utilities ...................................................................................................... 46 Recreation .................................................................................................................................. 47 Scenery ....................................................................................................................................... 52 Socioeconomics ......................................................................................................................... 60 Soils ............................................................................................................................................ 61 Subsistence Use .......................................................................................................................... 65 Transportation ............................................................................................................................ 68 Vegetation and Wetlands ........................................................................................................... 70 Wildlife ...................................................................................................................................... 79 Persons and Agencies Contacted .................................................................................................... 85 Opportunities for Public and Agency Comment ........................................................................ 86 References ...................................................................................................................................... 87 i Improvements for Neck Lake and El Capitan Cave Roads Environmental Assessment List of Appendices Appendix A. Maps of Private Land Ownership Surrounding Whale Passage Appendix B. List of Acronyms and Abbreviations List of Tables Table 1. Existing Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and Estimated Annual Traffic (number of vehicles) by Road Segment ........................................................................................... 1 Table 2. Issues and Resources .................................................................................................. 22 Table 3. Potential Future Recreation Enhancements in the Analysis Area ............................... 23 Table 4. Stream Crossings along the Proposed Action Roads .................................................. 25 Table 5. Fish-Bearing Stream Crossings along the Proposed Action by Road Number and Milepost ...................................................................................................................... 29 Table 6. Acreage of Existing Mapped and Proposed