Aluminium – a Much-Discussed Element
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Why Some Migration Conditions for Plastics Are Not Appropriate for Other Fcms
Why some migration conditions for plastics are not appropriate for other FCMs. Peter Oldring Representing 18 associations directly or indirectly involved in FCMs FIP Network 25th May 2016 Parma 1 Extract from Executive Summary (p9) European Parliament report on 1935/2004 (May 2016) ‘As a general trend, stakeholders who are in favour of further EU level harmonisation recommend that EU specific measures should establish a single standard for analytical (testing) methods, such as composition determination, migration testing, risk assessment, but also specific methods for compliance enforcement, thus ensuring that the relevant FCM is tested by companies and competent authorities across the EU with one and the same method. Furthermore, the EU single standard for analytical (testing) methods should be specific for each FCM, thus reflecting its unique properties and avoiding situations where non-harmonised FCMs are tested with methods developed for harmonised FCMs, which could lead to misleading and debatable test results’ 2 DISCLAIMER . As chair of the 18 associations representing non- plastics, I will try and represent them. The initiative started with CEPE, EMPAC and almost immediately CES silicones joined. Other associations have joined since then. However, I have to understand and work with analytical data, in order to make decisions about and determine the safety of my company’s products. The work is embryonic, associations are still joining and the final format will certainly be different to that initially envisaged. 3 Associations participating in Initiative . ACE Beverage cartons – paper, plastics and aluminium flexible . APEAL Steel for rigid metal packaging . CEFIC-FCA Substance suppliers . CELIEGE Cork . CEPE Coatings for rigid metal packaging . -
Old Time Chemical Names
Old Time Chemical Names 1080------------------------------------------------Sodium fluroacetate 2-Propanone-------------------------------------Acetone Absinthe-------------------------------------------Distillate of worm wood Abstinthium--------------------------------------Distillate of worm wood Acarcia gum-------------------------------------Gum arabic Acetaldehyde------------------------------------Acetic aldehyde Acetate of alumina-----------------------------Aluminium acetate Acetate of ammonia---------------------------Ammonium acetate Acetate of amyl---------------------------------Amyl acetate Acetate of baryta-------------------------------Barium acetate Acetate of cobalt-------------------------------Cobalt acetate Acetate of copper------------------------------Copper acetate Acetate of ethyl---------------------------------Ethyl acetate Acetate of iron----------------------------------Iron acetate Acetate of lead----------------------------------Lead acetate Acetate of lime----------------------------------Calcium acetate Acetate of manganese------------------------Manganous acetate Acetate of oxide of ethyl---------------------Ethyl acetate Acetate of potassa-----------------------------Potassium acetate Acetate of potassium--------------------------Potassium acetate Acetate of protoxide of Manganese-------Manganous acetate Acetate of soda---------------------------------Sodium acetate Acetate of zinc----------------------------------Zinc acetate Acetic aid basic bismuth---------------------Bismuth subacetate CH3COOBiO Acetic -
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Well-Crystallised Boehmite Crystals of Various Shapes
Materials Research, Vol. 12, No. 4, 437-445, 2009 © 2009 Hydrothermal Synthesis of Well-Crystallised Boehmite Crystals of Various Shapes Pérsio de Souza Santosa, Antonio Carlos Vieira Coelhoa*, Helena de Souza Santosb, Pedro Kunihiko Kiyoharab aLaboratório de Matérias-Primas Particuladas e Sólidos Não Metálicos, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, 380, 05508-970 São Paulo - SP, Brazil bLaboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica – LME, Departamento de Física Geral, Instituto de Física – IF, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, CP 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo - SP, Brazil Received: May 26, 2009; Revised: September 10, 2009 Aluminium monohydroxide, also known as aluminium oxyhydroxide (boehmite – AlO[OH]), is water insoluble but crystallises into microcrystals of various shapes. When, by X-ray diffraction, the microcrystals present a basal reflexion (d[020]) of 0.611 nm, the crystalline structure is referred to as “well-crystallised” boehmite. Natural and synthetic crystals of well-crystallised boehmite can have a plate-like shape with either a rhombic or hexagonal profile. Synthetic crystals can also be lath-like or ellipsoid in shape. The purpose of this paper is to present a method of hydrothermal synthesis using a single temperature (200 °C) for preparing plate-like crystals of well- crystallised boehmite with ellipsoid, rhombic, hexagonal, and lath-like profiles by using different precursors. Our observations suggest that all of these shapes are stages of growth of the microcrystals of well-crystallised boehmite along the c-axis direction of the rhombic crystals. Keywords: aluminium hydroxide, boehmite, pseudoboehmite, fibrillar pseudoboehmite 1. -
University of Groningen Dermatological Preparations for The
University of Groningen Dermatological preparations for the tropics. A formulary of dermatological preparations and background information on choices, production and dispensing. Bakker, Peter; Woerdenbag, Herman; Gooskens, Vincent; Naafs, Ben; Kaaij, Rachel van der; Wieringa, Nicolien IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2012 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Bakker, P., Woerdenbag, H., Gooskens, V., Naafs, B., Kaaij, R. V. D., & Wieringa, N. (2012). Dermatological preparations for the tropics. A formulary of dermatological preparations and background information on choices, production and dispensing. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: -
Cigarette Additives, Carcinogens and Chemicals Nicotine
Cigarette Additives, Carcinogens and Chemicals Nicotine A Destructive Natural Pesticide Which ... Is extremely addictive when smoked Is extremely addictive when chewed Causes addiction as permanent as Is harder to quit than heroin or cocaine alcoholism Is not medicine and its use not therapy Is ineffective as a stand-alone quitting aid Prevents pre-cancerous cells from dying Accelerates cancer tumor growth rates Contributes to artery hardening Has a metabolite which may cause cancer May kill brain cells and impair memory Is linked to lung cancer Likely causes brain damage and Is also a fetus destroying teratogen depression Kills half of adult smokers 13-14 years Is beat by never taking another puff or early chew! 81 Cancer Causing Chemicals Have So Far Been Identified in Cigarettes Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acrylamide Acrylonitrile 2-Amino-3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) 3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) 2-Amino-l-methyl-6-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhlP) 2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) 3-Amino-l-methyl-5H-pyrido {4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2 2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAaC) 2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AaC) 4-Aminobiphenyl 2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2) 0-Anisidine Arsenic Benz[a]anthracene Benzene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[j]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[b]furan Beryllium 1,3-Butadiene Cadmium Catechol (1,2-benzenediol) p-Chloroaniline Chloroform Cobalt p,p'-DDT Dibenz[a,h]acridine Dibenz[a,j]acridine Dibenz(a,h)anthracene -
Aluminium Toxicosis: a Review of Toxic Actions and Effects
Interdiscip Toxicol. 2019; Vol. 12(2): 45–70. interdisciplinary doi: 10.2478/intox-2019-0007 Copyright © 2019 SETOX & IEPT CEM SASc. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attri- bution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0). REVIEW ARTICLE Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects Ikechukwu Onyebuchi IGBOKWE 1, Ephraim IGWENAGU 1, Nanacha Afifi IGBOKWE 2 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria 2 Department Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria ITX120219A01 • Received: 22 November 2018 • Accepted: 29 August 2019 ABSTRACT Aluminium (Al) is frequently accessible to animal and human populations to the extent that intoxications may occur. Intake of Al is by inhalation of aerosols or particles, ingestion of food, water and medicaments, skin contact, vaccination, dialysis and infusions. Toxic actions of Al induce oxidative stress, immunologic alterations, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effect, peptide denaturation or transformation, enzymatic dysfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, membrane perturbation, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and dysplasia. The pathological conditions associated with Al toxicosis are desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, granulomatosis and fibrosis, toxic myocarditis, thrombosis and ischemic stroke, granulo- matous enteritis, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, anemia, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, sclerosis, autism, macrophagic myofasciitis, osteomalacia, oligospermia and infertility, hepatorenal disease, breast cancer and cyst, pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis and diabetes mellitus. The review provides a broad overview of Al toxicosis as a background for sustained investigations of the toxicology of Al compounds of public health importance. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0118173 A1 Farwick Et Al
US 2015O1 18173A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0118173 A1 Farwick et al. (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 30, 2015 (54) FORMULATION COMPRISING CAPRYLIC (30) Foreign Application Priority Data ACD ETHANOLAMIDE AND/OR CAPRIC ACD ETHANOLAMIDE IN COMBINATION Apr. 27, 2012 (DE) ......................... 102O122069992 WITH AN ALUMNIUM SALT AND ITS USE Publication Classification (71) Applicant: EVONIK INDUSTRIES AG, Essen (DE) (51) Int. Cl. A61O 1700 (2006.01) (72) Inventors: Mike Farwick, Essen (DE); Oliver A61O5/00 (2006.01) Springer, Wesel (DE); Matthias A61O 15/00 (2006.01) Mentel, Dortmund (DE); Stefan A61O 19/00 (2006.01) Bergfried, Essen (DE) A618/26 (2006.01) A618/42 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: EVONIK INDUSTRIES AG, Essen (52) U.S. Cl. (DE) CPC ................ A61O 17/005 (2013.01); A61K 8/26 (2013.01); A61K 8/42 (2013.01); A61O 15/00 (21) Appl. No.: 14/397,379 (2013.01); A61O 19/00 (2013.01); A61O5/006 (2013.01); A61 K 2800/5922 (2013.01) (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 28, 2013 (57) ABSTRACT (86) PCT NO.: PCT/EP2013/056670 The invention relates to a formulation comprising caprylic S371 (c)(1), acid ethanolamide and/or capric acid ethanolamide in com (2) Date: Oct. 27, 2014 bination with an aluminium salt and to its use. Patent Application Publication Apr. 30, 2015 Sheet 1 of 3 US 201S/O118173 A1 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ----- Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CD O C CD CD SE O C O s B EEE& EEE s & & E. D & L XYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY MEA 2% is ACH 2% & MEA 2+ACH 2% Figure 1 Patent Application Publication Apr. -
The Hydrolysis of Aluminium, a Mass Spectrometric Study
C279etukansi.kesken.fm Page 1 Thursday, August 16, 2007 1:57 PM C 279 OULU 2007 C 279 UNIVERSITY OF OULU P.O. Box 7500 FI-90014 UNIVERSITY OF OULU FINLAND ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTA C SERIES EDITORS Arja Sarpola TECHNICA ArjaSarpola ASCIENTIAE RERUM NATURALIUM Professor Mikko Siponen THE HYDROLYSIS OF BHUMANIORA ALUMINIUM, A MASS Professor Harri Mantila SPECTROMETRIC STUDY CTECHNICA Professor Juha Kostamovaara DMEDICA Professor Olli Vuolteenaho ESCIENTIAE RERUM SOCIALIUM Senior Assistant Timo Latomaa FSCRIPTA ACADEMICA Communications Officer Elna Stjerna GOECONOMICA Senior Lecturer Seppo Eriksson EDITOR IN CHIEF Professor Olli Vuolteenaho EDITORIAL SECRETARY Publications Editor Kirsti Nurkkala FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF PROCESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY, ISBN 978-951-42-8556-1 (Paperback) UNIVERSITY OF OULU ISBN 978-951-42-8557-8 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3213 (Print) ISSN 1796-2226 (Online) ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS C Technica 279 ARJA SARPOLA THE HYDROLYSIS OF ALUMINIUM, A MASS SPECTROMETRIC STUDY Academic dissertation to be presented, with the assent of the Faculty of Technology of the University of Oulu, for public defence in Raahensali (Auditorium L10), Linnanmaa, on September 28th, 2007, at 12 noon OULUN YLIOPISTO, OULU 2007 Copyright © 2007 Acta Univ. Oul. C 279, 2007 Supervised by Doctor Jaakko Rämö Reviewed by Doctor Christopher Exley Doctor Tamás Kiss ISBN 978-951-42-8556-1 (Paperback) ISBN 978-951-42-8557-8 (PDF) http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9789514285578/ ISSN 0355-3213 (Printed) ISSN 1796-2226 (Online) http://herkules.oulu.fi/issn03553213/ Cover design Raimo Ahonen OULU UNIVERSITY PRESS OULU 2007 Sarpola, Arja, The hydrolysis of aluminium, a mass spectrometric study Faculty of Technology, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 4300, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland Acta Univ. -
Human Health Risk Assessment for Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, and Aluminium Hydroxide
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications Pharmaceutical Sciences 2007 Human Health Risk Assessment for Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, and Aluminium Hydroxide Daniel Krewski University of Ottawa, Canada Robert A. Yokel University of Kentucky, [email protected] Evert Nieboer McMaster University, Canada David Borchelt University of Florida See next page for additional authors Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ps_facpub Part of the Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons Authors Daniel Krewski, Robert A. Yokel, Evert Nieboer, David Borchelt, Joshua Cohen, Jean Harry, Sam Kacew, Joan Lindsay, Amal M. Mahfouz, and Virginie Rondeau Human Health Risk Assessment for Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, and Aluminium Hydroxide Notes/Citation Information Published in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews, v. 10, supplement 1, p. 1-269. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews on April 7, 2011, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10937400701597766. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC The copyright holders have granted the permission for posting the article here. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10937400701597766 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ps_facpub/57 This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews on April 7, 2011, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10937 400701597766. -
United States Patent 0 Patented Oct
3,056,839 United States Patent 0 Patented Oct. 2, 1962 1 2 outlet at 140° C., the temperature then being raised 3,056,839 gradually to 170° C. A steady stream of carbon dioxide PRODUCTION OF UNSATURATED KETONES was evolved from the pyrolysis of the methylbutenyl Richard Norman Lacey, Hull, England, assignor to The acetoacetate, leaving methylheptenone in the reactor. Distillers Company Limited, Edinburgh, Scotland, a The nature and weight of the aluminium tri-carboxylate, British company the temperature to which the mixture of methylbutenyl No Drawing. Filed Dec. 17, 1959, Ser. No. 860,082 acetoacetate and the aluminium tri-carboxylate was heated Claims priority, application Great Britain Jan. 14, 1959 and the yield of methyl heptenone produced based on the 4 Claims. (Cl. 260-595) methylbutenyl acetoacetate, are shown in the following 10 table. In the table is also included, as a comparison, the The present invention relates to the production of yield of methylheptenone obtained under the same condi organic compounds and in particular to the production of tions except that no aluminium tri-carboxylate was unsaturated ketones. According to the present invention, the process of present. producing an unsaturated ketone representable by the formula 15 Weight of Yield of Exam- Weight of methyl- methyl BJ~—C=C]E[.C§H2.CHLCO.Ra ple Catalyst catalyst heptenone heptenone, (grams) produced percent R2 (grams) comprises contacting an allyl acetoacetate representable by the formula 20 None __________________________________ __ 215 63.5 R3 1 _____ __ Aluminium triacetate _______ __ 8.8 251 74 2 __________ .._do _______________________ __ 13.2 251 74 R1—J>—0.C0.(JH2O0Ra 3 _____ -_ Basic aluminium triacetate 8.3 253 74.5 (CHa.COO)4.OAlz.4H2O. -
United States Patent Office
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. GEORG EICHELBAUM, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOB TO THE FIRM OF KALLE AND COMPANY, AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT', OF BIEBRICH-ON-THE-RHINE, GERMANY. MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINIUM-iACETATE COMPOUNDS. 1,132,709. speci?cation of Letters Patent. Patented Mar. 23, 1915. No Drawing. Application ?led June 25, 1913. Serial N 0. 775,769. To all whom it may concern : named formation of the compound hexa Be it known that I, Gnone EICHELBAUM, methyleneJtetramin-aluminium-aoetate and 55 doctor of philosophy and chemist, a subject the further combination of this product of the King of Prussia, and residing at with for instance heXamethylene-tetramin Augsburgerstrasse .8, Berlin, W. 50, Ger lactate, compounds are produced, which, many, have invented certain new and useful owing to the fact that they dissociate very 60 Improvements in the Manufacture of Alu readily, combine in an advantageous man minium-Acetate Compounds, of which the ner the ellicacious action both-of acetate of following is a speci?cation. aluminum and of the heXamethylene-te 10 When solutions of aluminium acetate are tramin which is also antiseptic. At the same heated or concentrated, insoluble basic salts time the ?avor is improved and rendered 65 of aluminium are precipitated. Attempts less sharp, which is of importance for in have been made (see German Patents 9790 ternal administration of the products. and 10488) to avoid this precipitation by The process is carried out by causing 15 the addition of certain acids. The residue aluminium acetate, one of the aforemen obtained after evaporation of such solutions tioned compounds which increase the solu 70 to dryness is however no longer an acetate bility of aluminium acetate, and‘ hexa of aluminium as the acetic acid is displaced methylene-tetramin, to react on each other by the acid added and evaporated, because either simultaneously or consecutively. -
Sample Chapter
Acetates 3 Acetates Author: L. Hasenberg / Editor: R. Bender Aluminium Aluminium and its copper-free alloys are used in the production of ammonium and aluminium acetate [1]. Thus equipment and instruments made of aluminium (99.5 %) and copper-free aluminium alloys are used when aluminium acetate is pre- pared from alumina and acetic acid or from aluminium sulfate and barium acetate. Aluminium materials are attacked slightly at temperatures near the boiling point of the acetate solution. Reaction vessels made of aluminium and its copper-free alloys are used also when ammonium acetate is prepared by bubbling ammonia gas through acetic acid (< 90 %) [1]. Corrosion rates around 0.05 mm/a (1.97 mpy) are given for aqueous aluminium acetate solutions of any concentration at 323 K (50 °C) [2–4]. Aluminium is resistant to aqueous ammonium acetate solutions over a relatively wide range of concentra- tions and temperatures [2–4]: Losses of 0.05 mm/a (1.97 mpy) (maximum) are to be expected at concentrations up to 50 % and temperatures up to 323 K (50 °C). This value is not exceeded in a 10 % solution and at 373 K (100 °C) [4]. Sodium acetate solutions attack aluminium and its copper-free alloys only slightly [2–4]. In aqueous 5 to 20 % solutions, the surface of aluminium is corroded to mat appearance at about 340 K (67 °C); this attack can be largely inhibited by addition of 0.3 to 1 % water glass [1]. A maximum of 0.05 mm/a (1.97 mpy) is dissolved by aqueous solutions and the moist salt at 295 K (22 °C).