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Nani Apaa Akitcaayuq Iingalaq Tuntuq Quyanaa Cama'i Asirtuten-Qaa? Pingakaqa! Tuugiu Ukut Yaamat Pinartuq Llaami Llam Sua Piir

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Nani Apaa Akitcaayuq Iingalaq Tuntuq Quyanaa Cama'i Asirtuten-Qaa? Pingakaqa! Tuugiu Ukut Yaamat Pinartuq Llaami Llam Sua Piir amiqPingakaqa! IlakuisngukutThe Alutiiq Orthography: iingalaquksuqakitcaayuqtuntuq Naama?All’akKodiakTai-gut Dialect gwaten keneqernerpakellmaCuqllipet Cama’i Qik’rtarmiutSecond Edition aipaawek macaqLlam SuabyanerneqQuyanaa April G.L. Counceller, Ph.D.apaa Ata and Sugt’stun NiuwacipetJeff Leer, Ph.D. kiak R nani pii itsaaqellpet with Pinartuq llaami Nick Alokli suk Qang’aemaayaasiikKathryn Chichenoff unukKita Mary Haakanson Ca AngliNunapetJulie Knagin Carliarluki Stella Krumrey Ii’i!Ukut yaamatFlorence Pestrikoffangayukmaani Sophie Shepherd Suupet awa’iPeterimaq Boskofsky DISCOVERING THE PAST ◆ EXPLORING CULTUREAlisha Drabek, ◆ AWAKENING Ph.D. PRIDEiqsak ◆ THE ALUTIIQ Aa’aMUSEUM Tuugiunaut© 2012 Alutiiq Heritage Foundationagtii • 215taangaq Mission Road, #101 • Kodiak, AKAsirtuten-qaa? 99615 • 907-486-7004 • www.alutiiqmuseum.org The Alutiiq Orthography: Kodiak Dialect Second Edition by April G.L. Counceller, Ph.D. and Jeff Leer, Ph.D. with Nick Alokli Kathryn Chichenoff Mary Haakanson Julie Knagin Stella Krumrey Florence Pestrikoff Sophie Shepherd Peter Boskofsky Alisha Drabek, Ph.D. Alutiiq Heritage Foundation 2015, 2012 © 2012 Alutiiq Heritage Foundation Produced by: Alutiiq Heritage Foundation Alutiiq Museum & Archaeological Repository 215 Mission Rd., Ste. 101 Kodiak, AK Based partly on materials produced by: Chugachmiut, Inc. Culture and Language Program 1840 Bragaw Street, Suite 110 Anchorage, Alaska 99508-3463 (907) 562-4155 http://www.chugachmiut.org/ ISBN # 978-1-929650-09-5 Development and Publication support provided by the National Science Foundation, Grant # 1153156 Any opinions, fndings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this mate- rial are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF). Text and cover design, and book editing by Alisha Drabek, Nunaworks Front and back cover photos of Kodiak Alutiiq community members are courtesy of the Alutiiq Museum, Native Village of Afognak, Sun’aq Tribe of Kodiak, Kodiak Area Native Association, Kodiak College, and the Kodiak Island Borough School District. The Alutiiq Orthography: Kodiak Dialect Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Te developers of this guide are grateful to the Elders and fuent speakers who participated in workshop sessions, as well as the learners who participated and assisted. Grants to the Alutiiq Heritage Foundation from National Science Foundation (grant #1153156), and previous support to Chugachmiut, Inc. from the Department of Education (grant# S356A090054), provided support for completion of both dialect versions of this orthography guide. Special Quyanaa to the leadership of Chugachmiut, Inc., the Alutiiq Heritage Foundation board and Alutiiq Museum & Archaeological Repository staf, Kodiak College, Alutiiq Language Club, Te Alaska Native Language Center and Alaska Native Language Archive at University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the participating communities in the Alutiiq Region. Tis book was produced collaboratively between Dr. Counceller and Dr. Leer, but based largely on Leer’s linguistic research in the Alutiiq/Sugpiaq region over the past four decades. Tis document is a continual work in process, frozen at the date of publication. Future editions will be expanded. For information on errata and updates to the orthography, contact the Alutiiq Museum or Alaska Native Language Center. Kodiak Alutiiq Language Summit in 2011 at the Kodiak Wildlife Refuge Center, joined by friends from the Chugach Alutiiq region by Chugachmiut, Inc. representatives. Photo courtesy of the Alutiiq Museum. DISCOVERING THE PAST ◆ EXPLORING CULTURE ◆ AWAKENING PRIDE ◆ THE ALUTIIQ MUSEUM © 2012 Alutiiq Heritage Foundation • 215 Mission Road, #101 • Kodiak, AK 99615 • 907-486-7004 • www.alutiiqmuseum.org i Dedication The Alutiiq Orthography: Kodiak Dialect Dedication Tis book is dedicated to Cuqllipet (our Elders) who have contributed to Kodiak Alutiiq language revitalization. Quyanaasinaq for their perserverance in speaking the language and teaching, as well as for their friendship, patience, and willingness to share. Tere is no way to possibly thank all the Elders who have contributed to the Alutiiq language revitalization efort over the years. Tese dedication pages, as well as Elders pictured throughout the book, acknowledge those who have been active in recent year and who have helped make learning activities and this book and others possible. Quyanaasinaq! Kathryn Chichenof (Karluk & Ouzinkie). Nick (Nicholai K’siin) Alokli (Akhiok). Mary Haakanson (Old Harbor). Sally Carlough (Kaguyak & Akhiok). Dennis & Julie Knagin (Afognak). Nadia Mullan (Afognak). Clyda Christiansen Mary Peterson (Akhiok). (Karluk & Larsen Bay). Papa George Inga, Sr. (Old Harbor). DISCOVERING THE PAST ◆ EXPLORING CULTURE ◆ AWAKENING PRIDE ◆ THE ALUTIIQ MUSEUM ii © 2012 Alutiiq Heritage Foundation • 215 Mission Road, #101 • Kodiak, AK 99615 • 907-486-7004 • www.alutiiqmuseum.org The Alutiiq Orthography: Kodiak Dialect Dedication Fred & Irene Coyle (Akhiok). Phyllis (Wasilisa) Peterson (Kaguyak & Akhiok). John Pestrikof (Port Lions & Afognak). Sophie Shepherd Paul Kahutak (Woody Marina Waselie Florence (Kuukula) Pestrikof (Karluk & Larsen Bay). Island & Old Harbor). (Larsen Bay). (Akhiok & Old Harbor). Elders and Alutiiq language learners from around Kodiak Island and the Chugach region gather for a Language Papa George Inga, Sr. (Old Harbor). Summit in 2009. DISCOVERING THE PAST ◆ EXPLORING CULTURE ◆ AWAKENING PRIDE ◆ THE ALUTIIQ MUSEUM © 2012 Alutiiq Heritage Foundation • 215 Mission Road, #101 • Kodiak, AK 99615 • 907-486-7004 • www.alutiiqmuseum.org iii Table of Contents The Alutiiq Orthography: Kodiak Dialect Table of Contents Acknowledgements & Dedication i-iii 2.4.1 Voiced Fricatives 17 2.4.2 Voiceless Fricatives 18 INTRODUCTION 1 • Voiced & Voiceless Correspondence 20 The Orthography Guide Development 1 • Undifferentiated Fricatives 20 How to Use this Guide 2 2.5 Nasals 21 Dialectical and Sub-dialectical Variation 2 2.5.1 Voiced Nasals 21 Writing Conventions and Abbreviations 4 2.6 Russian ‘R’ 22 Future Updates 4 2.7 Undoubling 23 2.8 H-dropping 23 Part I 5 2.9 Summary: Consonants 24 Chapter 1: ALPHABET 6 Chapter 3: VOWELS 25 1.1 Introduction 6 3.1 Introduction 25 1.2 Letters 6 3.2 Vowel Chart 25 1.2.1 Special Characters 7 3.2.1 Changes in Vowel Pronunciation 25 1.2.2 Multi-character Sounds 7 3.3 Vowels and Changes in Consonant 26 1.2.3 Kodiak Alutiiq Non-use of Voiced Pronunciation 26 Fricatives gg, ggw, and rr 7 3.4 Prime Vowels 27 1.2.4 Borrowed Letters 7 3.5 The Reduced Vowel e 28 1.2.5 Vowel Pairs 9 3.6 Vowel Pairs 30 1.3 Special Characters 9 3.6.1 Diphthongs 30 1.3.1 Apostrophe (‘) 10 3.6.2 Double Vowels 31 • Syllable Boundary 10 3.6.3 Syllable Weight with Vowel Pairs 31 • Special Apostrophe Conventions 3.7 Russian Vowels: ei and au 31 Used in this Book 10 3.8 Use of Apostrophe to Separate Vowels 32 1.3.2 Hyphen (-) 10 3.9 Summary: Vowels 32 1.4 Sentence Punctuation 11 1.5 Summary: Alphabet 11 Part II 33 Chapter 2: CONSONANTS 12 Chapter 4: SYLLABIFICATION 34 2.1 Introduction 12 4.1 Introduction 34 2.2 Consonant Chart 12 4.1.1 Syllabification Rules 34 2.3 Stop Consonants 13 • Syllabification Rule 1: Between Two 2.4 Fricatives 16 Consonants 34 • Voiceless Fricatives Not Used in Kodiak 16 DISCOVERING THE PAST ◆ EXPLORING CULTURE ◆ AWAKENING PRIDE ◆ THE ALUTIIQ MUSEUM iv © 2012 Alutiiq Heritage Foundation • 215 Mission Road, #101 • Kodiak, AK 99615 • 907-486-7004 • www.alutiiqmuseum.org The Alutiiq Orthography: Kodiak Dialect Table of Contents • Syllabification Rule 2: Before a Single Part III 47 Consonant (Except with Gemination) 34 • Syllabification Rule 3: At an Apostrophe 35 Chapter 7: PROSODY – RHYTHM, STRESS • Syllabification Rule 4: Gemination – AND LENGTHENING 48 Regular and Automatic 35 7.1 Introduction 48 4.1.2 Other Syllable Facts 35 7.2 Foot Types: Iambic and Monosyllabic 48 4.2 Open and Closed Syllables 36 • Iambic Foot 48 4.2.1 Open Syllables 36 • Monosyllabic Foot 49 • Lengthening of Open Syllables 36 7.2.1 Foot Depiction Conventions 49 4.2.2 Closed Syllables 36 7.2.2 Lengthening Rule 49 4.4 Syllabification with Multi-character Letters 37 7.3 Initial Foot Rules 49 4.5 Apostrophe between Vowels 37 7.3.1 Rule 0 50 4.6 Light and Heavy Syllables 37 7.3.2 Initial Foot Rule A 51 4.6.1 Heavy Syllables 38 • Initial Closed Syllables 51 4.6.2 Light Syllables 38 7.3.3 Initial Foot Rule B 52 4.7 Summary: Syllabification 39 7.3.4 Initial Foot Rule C 52 7.4 Non-Initial Foot Assignment 53 Chapter 5: GEMINATION 41 7.4.1 Rule 0 53 5.1 Introduction 41 7.4.2 1-Syllable Rule (1SR) 53 5.2 Automatic Gemination 42 7.4.3 2-Syllable Rule (2SR) 53 5.3 Neutralization of Gemination 43 7.4.4 3-Syllable Rule (3SR) 54 5.4 Summary: Gemination 43 • 3SR Subcase 1 – Disyllabic Light Postbases 54 • 3SR Subcase 2 – Combined Light Chapter 6: DROPPED CONSONANTS – Word-ending Particles 56 FRICATIVE DROPPING 44 7.5 Neutralization of Gemination 57 6.1 Introduction 44 6.2 Fricative Dropping and Gemination 44 Chapter 8: APOSTROPHE AND HYPHEN 60 6.3 Non-dropping Conditions 45 8.1 Introduction 60 • Superscript Conventions for Dropped Fricatives 46 8.2 Apostrophe 60 6.4 Summary: Fricative Dropping 46 • Syllable Boundary 60 • Special Apostrophe Conventions Used in this Book 60 8.2.1 To Indicate a Syllable Boundary 60 Between Vowels 60 DISCOVERING THE PAST ◆ EXPLORING CULTURE ◆ AWAKENING PRIDE ◆ THE ALUTIIQ MUSEUM © 2012 Alutiiq Heritage Foundation • 215 Mission Road, #101 • Kodiak, AK 99615 • 907-486-7004 • www.alutiiqmuseum.org v Table of Contents
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