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LAPORAN KEMAJUAN PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT Edukasi Prime Public Service Grant LAPORAN KEMAJUAN PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT Edukasi Konservasi Tanaman Khas Ciliwung Wilayah Pasar Minggu Jakarta Oleh : Riris lindiawati P., M.Si Arief Pambudi, M.Si Dr. Dewi Elfidasari, M.Si Azura Ayuningtyas Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia Juni 2020 Daftar Isi Ringkasan BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN …………………………………………… 4 BAB 2. SOLUSI PERMASALAHAN …………………………………… 9 BAB 3. METODE PELAKSANAAN …………………………………… 11 BAB 4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN …………………………………… 15 Daftar Pustaka …………………………………………………………………… 18 Tabel Ringkasan Kemajuan Abdimas …………………………………………… 19 Lampiran (Log Book) …………………………………………………………… 22 Ringkasan Sebagai wilayah dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang khas, wilayah sekitar Ciliwung berperan besar dalam menentukan sustainabilitas peranan tersebut. Salah satu DAS Ciliwung bagian Jakarta, yaitu tepatnya di Pejaten Timur Pasar Minggu terdapat wilayah yang sangat dijaga kelestariannya. Wilayah tersebut sering disebut sebagai Sekolah Alam H. Royani. Lahan seluas 5 hektar tersebut diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat yang ingin mempelajari biota asli Ciliwung. Beberapa kegiatan yang diselenggarakan antara lain penanaman pohon di sepadan sungai, penyebaran bibit ikan konsumsi ke sungai, penataan sepadan, pengambilan sampah di sungai, pemanfaatan limbah tahu untuk pakan ternak, pengolahan air limbah tahu, pelatihan daur ulang sampah, dan edukasi cinta lingkungan bagi siswa sekolah. Berdasarkan permasalahan prioritas pada mitra maka solusi yang ditawarkan yaitu peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat dan transfer iptek mengenai konservasi tanaman khas Ciliwung. Peningkatan pengetahuan dianggap perlu dan penting karena masyarakat merupakan pelaku aktif kelestarian hayati. Selain itu kegiatan mengikutsertakan anak-anak agar sejak dini sudah dapat menerapkan cinta lingkungan secara sederhana. Metode konservasi yang dilakukan yaitu dengan mendata tanaman di lokasi mitra, melabel berdasarkan nama ilmiahnya, dan mencatatkan dalam bentuk buku dokumentasi tanaman khas Ciliwung. Metode pelaksanaan edukasi konservasi tanaman khas Ciliwung yaitu sosialisasi, pelatihan dan edukasi, introduksi iptek, pendampingan, dan monitoring. Mitra yang terlibat adalah KPC Gema Bersuci dengan ketuanya Bapak H. Royani dan masyarakat. Target kegiatan adalah adanya peningkatan wawasan mitra mengenai pentingnya konservasi dan didapatnya dokumentasi tanaman khas Ciliwung. Luaran kegiatan adalah peningkatan wawasan tentang konservasi tanaman, artikel pada jurnal atau prosiding atau media massa, dan video kegiatan serta buku dokumentasi tanaman khas Ciliwung. Namun demikian luaran tersebut belum didapatkan dikarenakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat masih berlangsung dan baru berjalan sekitar 35%. Kata kunci: Ciliwung, konservasi tanaman BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN Analisis Situasi Jakarta memiliki 13 sistem aliran sungai yang berhulu di daerah Jawa Barat dan bermuara di Teluk Jakarta. Salah satu dari 13 sungai yang mengalir di Jakarta, yakni sungai Ciliwung. Panjang sungai Ciliwung dari bagian hulu sampai muara di pesisir pantai Teluk Jakarta adalah ± 117 km, dengan luas DAS Ciliwung sekitar 347 km2. DAS Ciliwung mencangkup areal mulai dari bagian hulu di Tugu Puncak (Kabupaten Bogor) sampai hilir di Teluk Jakarta (Jakarta Utara) [1]. Selain berfungsi sebagai sumber air baku air minum untuk kota Jakarta, Sungai Ciliwung mempunyai fungsi sebagai pusat konservasi biota air. Pada tahun 1910 ditemukan 187 jenis ikan yang hidup pada DAS Ciliwung. Tahun 2009 ditemukan hanya 20 jenis ikan dengan 5 jenis lainnya adalah jenis asing. Data jumlah biota air pada tahun 2010 mengalami penurunan keanekaragaman. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa faktor seperti perubahan fungsi lahan di bagian hulu, pembangunan rumah dan gedung di bagian tengah, dan keadaan semakin parah ketika bagian hilir sudah tidak memiliki ruang terbuka hijau [2]. Sebagai wilayah dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang khas, wilayah sekitar Ciliwung berperan besar dalam menentukan sustainabilitas peranan tersebut. Salah satu DAS Ciliwung bagian Jakarta, yaitu tepatnya di Pejaten Timur Pasar Minggu terdapat wilayah yang sangat dijaga kelestariannya. Wilayah tersebut sering disebut sebagai Sekolah Alam H. Royani. Lahan seluas 5 hektar tersebut diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat yang ingin mempelajari biota asli Ciliwung. Berbagai kegiatan yang telah dilakukan di lahan tersebut antara lain pengenalan pelestarian sungai, penanaman cinta lingkungan, pemanfaatan limbah rumah tangga, peternakan, pemancingan, diskusi lingkungan, konservasi Ciliwung, pemantauan debit air dan pencemaran sungai, serta edukasi lingkungan kepada warga. Gambar berikut menginformasikan kondisi di sekolah alam H. Royani. a b c d e Gambar 1. Kondisi lahan mitra di DAS Ciliwung Pejaten Timur, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta a) Lokasi KPC Gema Bersuci, b) Ruang pertemuan, c) Tepi sungai, d) Rumpun bambu, e) Koleksi tanaman Gambar 1 memperlihatkan bahwa lahan milik mitra yang berada di tepi Ciliwung wilayah Pejaten Timur, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta. Lahan tersebut oleh mitra disediakan bagi masyarakat yang ingin mempelajari tentang Ciliwung dan keragaman hayatinya. Bapak H. Royani merupakan ketua Komunitas Peduli Ciliwung (KPC) Gema Bersuci yang telah lama mendorong dan menggerakkan upaya pelestarian Ciliwung beserta pemberdayaan warga di sekitarnya. Upaya pelestarian Ciliwung yang telah dilakukan mitra memperoleh dukungan dari pemerintah, akademisi, dan perusahaan. Berdasarkan informasi potensi keragaman hayati yang tinggi di Ciliwung, maka semakin mendorong mitra untuk mengelola dan melestarikan kawasan DAS Ciliwung di Pejaten Timur agar dapat berkontribusi kepada konservasi ekosistem Ciliwung. Kegiatan di sekolah alam H. Royani telah berjalan sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu dengan melibatkan berbagai pihak. Beberapa kegiatan yang diselenggarakan antara lain penanaman pohon di sepadan sungai, penyebaran bibit ikan konsumsi ke sungai, penataan sepadan, pengambilan sampah di sungai, pemanfaatan limbah tahu untuk pakan ternak, pengolahan air limbah tahu, pelatihan daur ulang sampah, dan edukasi cinta lingkungan bagi siswa sekolah. Selain kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut, mitra juga mengajak akademisi untuk menjadikan Ciliwung sebagai obyek riset yang perlu dikaji mendalam dari segi ilmiah. Seperti yang telah diinformasikan pada riset-riset sebelumnya, Ciliwung memiliki keragaman hayati yang tinggi mulai dari vegetasi [3] [4] [5], herpetofauna [2], burung [6], plankton [7] [8] [9], ikan [10] [11] [12], mamalia, dan mikroorganisme [13] [14]. Menurut informasi mitra, di wilayahnya terdapat sekitar 100 jenis tanaman mulai dari kelompok herba, perdu, maupun pohon. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka kegiatan di mitra perlu ditingkatkan agar konservasi Ciliwung sebagai pusat keragaman hayati dapat tercapai. Permasalahan Mitra Berdasarkan hasil pemetaan di lokasi mitra terlihat beberapa masalah yang memerlukan penanganan lebih lanjut. Pengelolaan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh mitra masih mengandalkan informasi secara lisan antar pengurus KPC Gema Bersuci. Metode penyebarluasan kegiatan belum mengoptimalkan media online. Lokasi mitra yang berada di tepi sungai menyebabkan wilayah ini beresiko untuk terkena banjir dari luapan sungai ketika musim hujan. Belum ada manajemen pengelolaan koleksi hewan khas Ciliwung. Belum ada pengelolaan tanaman khas Ciliwung. Pemanfaatan peralatan pengolah sampah belum optimal. Modul hidroponik masih memerlukan pemakaian yang reguler agar dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Permasalahan- permasalahan tersebut memberikan kontribusi terhadap keberlanjutan kegiatan konservasi Ciliwung yang dilaksanakan oleh mitra bersama komunitasnya. Menurut informasi dari mitra di lahan tersebut terdapat sekitar 100 jenis tanaman dengan manfaat yang beragam. Tanaman yang dapat dijumpai saat pemetaan antara lain pohon salam (Eugenia polyantha), asem (Tamarindus indica), cendana (Santalum album), petai (Parkia speciosa), jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum), durian (Durio zibethinus), nangka (Artocarpus integra), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), mangga (Mangifera indica ), bambu apus (Gigantochloa apus), sawo (Manilkara kauki), kedondong (Spondias dulcis), kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape), elo (Ficus), dll. Tanaman tersebut tumbuh dengan baik di lokasi dan mulai sulit dijumpai di tempat lain. Namun demikian, banjir ternyata juga berdampak buruk bagi kelangsungan hidup tanaman di lokasi mitra. Saat banjir melanda Jakarta pada 1 Januari 2020, lahan mitra terkena banjir dengan ketinggian hingga 2 meter. Selain itu, mitra belum memiliki database tanaman khas Ciliwung yang tumbuh di lahannya. Berikut merupakan foto lahan mitra setelah banjir. Gambar 2. Keadaan mitra setelah banjir 1 Januari 2020. a) Pekarangan tertutup lumpur b) Sampah yang terbawa saat banjir c) Kandang hewan yang rusak akibat banjir Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas maka permasalahan prioritas yang perlu dilakukan oleh pengusul adalah melaksanakan kegiatan penyelamatan tanaman khas Ciliwung. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan mendata seluruh tanaman yang tumbuh di lokasi mitra, melakukan pelabelan, dan mendokumentasikannya dalam sebuah buku. Edukasi mengenai manfaat tanaman khas Ciliwung juga diberikan kepada warga sekitar dan anak-anak. Tujuan dari kegiatan tersebut adalah mengkonservasi tanaman khas Ciliwung sehingga keragaman hayati tanaman Ciliwung tetap terpelihara. Berikut merupakan gambaran permasalahan dan solusinya. Masalah Masalah Belum ada database tanaman khas Tanaman mengalami kerusakan Ciliwung akibat banjir Tanaman belum terlabel Belum ada tanaman penahan dampak banjir terutama tepi sungai
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