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Jurnal Buana Jurusan Geografi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial – Unp E-Issn : 2615 – 2630 Vol- 4 No- 5 2020

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Jurnal Buana Jurusan Geografi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial – Unp E-Issn : 2615 – 2630 Vol- 4 No- 5 2020 JURNAL BUANA JURUSAN GEOGRAFI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL – UNP E-ISSN : 2615 – 2630 VOL- 4 NO- 5 2020 MORFOLOGI ALLUVIAL PLAIN DESA BUMIWANGI KECAMATAN CIPARAY Aditya Al-Fikri Amanullah1*,Andiko Putra1,Agung Aprillian1, Afrillia Tri Cahyani1Chriswanti Pangestu1,Elfi Effendi1,Fernando Hero Alyandri1,Geny Handani Putra1,Syafrina1,Verdi Jainathul Khamsya1, Risky Ramadhan2 1 MahasiswaJurusan Geografi, FakultasIlmu Sosial, UniversitasNegeri Padang 2 Dosen Jurusan Geografi, FakultasIlmu Sosial, UniversitasNegeri Padang [email protected] ABSTRAK Bandung Selatan adalah salah satu daerah yang termasuk kedalam Cekungan Bandung yang merupakan wilayah pegunungan.Gunungapi yang aktif maupun non aktif berderet di daerah ini, di antaranya Gn. Patuha, Gn. Wayang, dan Gn. Windu.Karena hal tersebut Bandung Selatan memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang melimpah, diantaranya sumber daya air, panasbumi, dan pertambangan.Sumber air berderet di sepanjang lereng utara dari gunung-gunung tersebut.Cisanti yang berada di kaki Gunung Wayang merupakan hulu Sungai Citarum yang menjadi sungai terpanjang di Jawa Barat. Kata kunci:Bandung Selatan; Cekungan Bandung; Sungai Citarum ABSTRACT South Bandung is one of the areas included in the Bandung Basin which is a mountainous region. Active and non-active volcanoes line up in this area, including Mt. Patuha, Mt. Puppet, and Mt. Windu Because of this South Bandung has abundant natural resource potential, including water resources, geothermal resources, and mining. Water sources lined up along the northern slopes of the mountains. Cisanti at the foot of Mount Wayang is the headwaters of the Citarum River which is the longest river in West Java. Keywords: South Bandung; Bandung Basin; Citarum River Pendahuluan diidentikkan sebagai salah satu pusat Tanah Sunda atau yang dikenal bencana. Jika aktivitas vulkanisme sebagai Bumi Parahyangan memiliki gunungapi meningkat maka daerah kekayaan alam yang luar biasa. Di lain sekitarnya akan mengalami dampak pihak memiliki potensi bencana. Deretan secara langsung. gunungapi, baik yang masih aktif Bandung Selatan adalah salah satu maupun istirahat menjadi barikade atau daerah yang termasuk kedalam Cekungan pembatas utama dataran tinggi Bandung Bandung, yang merupakan wilayah yang berada dalam wilayah Cekungan pegunungan.Gunungapi yang aktif Bandung (Sulaksana, dkk., 2018). maupun istirahat berderet di daerah ini, di antaranya Gn. Patuha, Gn. Wayang, dan Di pinggiran Cekungan Bandung Gn. Windu.Karena hal tersebut Bandung terdapat deretan gunungapi aktif dan juga Selatan memiliki potensi sumber daya dilewati sesar-sesar aktif yang 910 alam yang melimpah, diantaranya sumber yang telah terangkat akan mengalami daya air, panasbumi, dan proses denudasi sehingga terbentuk bukit pertambangan.Sumber air berderet di – bukit dan dataran (peneplain) , proses sepanjang lereng utara dari gunung- pengankatan dan patahan akan gunung tersebut.Cisanti yang berada di menimbulkan zona – zona lemah kaki Gunung Wayang merupakan hulu sehingga akan terbentuk lembah-lembah Sungai Citarum yang menjadi sungai sungai dan penerobosan magma ke terpanjang di Jawa Barat. permukaan dalam bentuk kegiatan Bagi para peneliti yang berkecimpung vulkanisme yang menghasillkan batuan di bidang kebumian Cekungan Bandung vulkanik. Seperti yang membentuk merupakan suatu danau purba raksasa fisiogarfi Jawa Barat yang memiliki yang dikelilingi oleh gunungapi.Batuan karakteristik geologi terdiri dari yang berada di Cekungan ini tidak hanya pedataran alluvial, perbukitan lipatan dan berjenis batuan vulkanik, tetapi di bagian gunungapi. Secara fisiografi terbagi barat terdapat juga jenis batuan sedimen, menjadi 4 bagian (van Bemmelen 1949), yaitu batugamping yang dikenal sebagai yaitu : Formasi Rajamandala (Sudjatmiko, 1972).Pada bagian Bandung Barat memiliki sejarah dan potensi geologi yang menarik.Terdapat morfologi karst dan singkapan-singkapan batugamping yang dijadikan tempat wisata budaya dan geologi di daerah tersebut. Pola jangka panjang dalam vulkanisitas dan efek tektonik menentukan sedimentasi regional dan pengembangan bantuan di wilayah Gambar 1 :Pembagian Fisiografi Jawa Barat Bandung yang lebih besar.Sedimentasi (Van Bemmlen, 1949) fluvial dan pelapukan terjadi di 1) Zona Jakarta (Pantai Utara) cekungan, sementara kisaran vulkanik selatan dan utara terbentuk secara Daerah ini terletak di tepi laut bertahap. Jawa dengan lebar lebih kurang 40 A. Kajian Teori Km terbentang mulai dari Serang sampai ke Cirebon. Sebagian besar 1. Kondisi Fisiografi Jawa Barat tertutupi oleh endapan alluvial yang terangkut oleh sungai – sungai yang Bentuk permukaan bumi yang bermuara di laut Jawa seperti Ci kita lihat sekarang merupakan hasil dari Tarum, Ci Manuk, Ci Asem, Ci suatu proses geologi sebagai tenaga Punagara. Ci Keruh dan Ci endogen dan pengaruh faktor cuaca Sanggarung . Selain itu endapan lahar sebagai tenaga eksogen yang dari Gunung Tangkuban Parahu, menyebabkan batuan mengalami proses Gunung Gede dan Gunung pelapukan . Dengan demikian daerah Pangranggo menutupi sebagai zona Jurnal Buana – Volume-4 No-5 2020 E-ISSN : 2615-2630 911 ini dalam bentuk vulkanik alluvial fan sebagain besar terisi oleh endapan (endapan kipas alluvial) khususnya vulkanik muda produk dari gunung yang berbatsan dengan zona bandung. api disekitarnya . Gunung - gunung berapi terletak pada dataran rendah 2) Zona Bogor antara kedua zone itu dan merupakan Zona ini membentang mulai dua barisan di pinggir Zone Bandung dari Rangkasbitung melalui Bogor, pada perbatasan Zone Bogcr dan Purwakarta, Subang, Sumedang, Zone Pegunungan Selatan. Walaupun Kuningan dan Manjalengka. Daerah Zone Bandung merupakan suatu ini merupakan perbukitan lipatan depresi, ketinggiannya masih cukup yang terbentuk dari batuan sedimen besar, misalnya depresi Bandung tersier laut dalam membentuk suatu dengan ketinggian 650 – 700 m dpl. Antiklonorium, di beberapa tempat Zone Bandung sebagian terisi mengalami patahan yang diperkirakan oleh endapan-endapan alluvial dan pada zaman Pliosen-Plistosen vukanik muda (kwarter), tetapi di sezaman dengan terbentuknya beberapa tempat merupakan patahan Lembang dan pengankatan campuran endapan tertier dan Pegunungan Selatan. kwarter. Pegunungan tertier itu adalah : Zona Bogor sekarang terlihat a. Pegunungan Bayah (Eosen) yang sebagai daerah yang berbukit-bukit terjadi atas bagian Selatan yang rendah di sebagian tempat secara terlipat kuat, bagian tengah terdiri sporadis terdapat-bukit-bukit dengan atas batuan andesit tua (old batuan keras yang dinamakan Andesit)dan bagian Utara yang vulkanik neck atau sebagai batuan merupakan daerah peralihan dengan intrusi seperti Gunung Parang dan zone Bogor. Gunung Sanggabuwana di Plered b. Bukit di lembah Ci Mandiri dekat Purwakarta, Gunung Kromong dan Sukubumi, yang terletak pada Gunung Buligir sekitar Majalengka. ketinggian 570 - 610 m merupakan Batas antara zona Bogor dengan zona kelanjutan dari pegunungan Bayah. Bandung adalah Gunung Ciremai Antara Cibadak dan Sukabumi (3.078 meter) di Kuningan dan terdapat punggung-punggung yang Gunung Tampomas (1.684 meter) di merupakan horst, yang menjulang di Sumedang . atas endapan vulkanik daerah itu. Di 3) Zona Bandung sebelah Timur Sukabumi terdapat dataran Lampegan pada ketinggian Zona Bandung merupakan 700 - 750 m, yang mungkin seumur daerah gunung api, zone ini dengan plateau Lengkong di merupakan suatu depresi jika Pegunungan Selatan. dibanding dengan zona Bogor dan c. Bukit-bukit Rajamandala (Oligosen) Zona Pegenungan Selatan yang dan plateau Rongga termasuk ke mengapitnya yang terlipat pada dataran Jampang (Pliosen) di zaman tersier . Zona Bandung Pegunungan Selatan. Dibandingkan Jurnal Buana – Volume-4 No-5 2020 E-ISSN : 2615-2630 912 dengan plateau Rongga, keadaan Gede (2.958 m) dan Gunung Raja- mandala lebih tertoreh-toreh Pangrango (3.019 m), yang oleh lembah. Plateau Rongga menjulang di tengah-tengah dataran. merupakan peralihan antara zone Bahan-bahan vulkanik tersebut Bandung dan Pegunungan Selatan bahkan tersebar di Iembah-lembah terletak pada ±1.000 m serta zone Bogor. merupakan bukit - bukit dewasa dan Depresi Bandung pada tua. Daerah ini melandai ke dataran ketinggian 650 — 675 m dengan Batujajar (650 m) di zone Bandung. lebar ±25 Km. merupakan dataran d. Bukit-bukit Kabanaran yang terletak alluvial yang subur, yang dialiri oleh di Timur Banjar zone Bandung itu sungai Ci Tarum. Dataran itu terletak Iebarnya 20- 40 km, terdiri atas antara dua deretan gunung berapi. Di dataran-dataran dan lembah-tembah. sebelah Utara pada perbatasan zone Bagian Barat Banten merupakan Bogor tertetak Gunung Burangrang kekecualian, karena di sana tak yang tua (2.064 m), Gunung terdapat depresi dandaerahnya terdiri Bukittunggul (2.209 m) dan Gunung atas komplek pegunungan yang Tangkubanperahu yang muda (2.076 melandai dengan bukit-bukit rendah. m); dan pada perbatasan zone Pegunungan Selatan terletak Gunung Pegunungan itu telah tertoreh- Malabar (2.321 m) dengan beberapa toreh dan tererosikan dengan kuat, gunung berapi tua seperti Gunung sehingga merupakan permukaan yang Patuha (2.429 m) dan Gunung agak datar (peneplain). Peneplain itu Kendeng (1.852 m). terus melandai ke Barat ke Selat Sunda. Di beberapa tempat di Selatan pantai lautnya curam Zone Bandung, terdiri atas: depresi Cianjur Sukabumi, depresi Bandung, depresi Garut dan depresi Ci Tanduy para ahli geologi menyebutnya sebagai cekungan antar pegunungan (cekungan intra montana). Depresi Cianjur letaknya agak rendah (459 m) dibandingkan dengan depresi Bandung. Tempat terendah Gambar 2 : Foto Citra Satelit
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