Otfried Madelung
Sem icond uctors: Data Handbook
3rdedition
Springer Short table of contents (for a more detailed table of contents see the following pages)
A Introduction 1 General remarks to the structure of the volume ...... 1 2 Physical quantities tabulated in this volume ...... 2
B Tetrahedrally bonded elements and compounds
1 Elements ofthe IVth group and IV-IV compounds ...... 7 2 111-V compounds ...... 3 11-VI compounds ...... 4 I-VI1 compounds ...... 245 5 II12-V13 compounds ...... 6 I-III-V12 compounds ...... 7 II-IV-V2 compounds ...... 329 8 I2-IV-VI3 compounds ...... 359 9 13-V-vI4 compounds ...... 367 10 11-In2-VI4compounds ...... 373
C Further elements (for group IV elements see chapter 1)
11 Group I11 elements ...... 397 12 Group V elements ...... 404 13 Group VI elements ...... 419
D Further binary compounds (for I-VI1 compounds see chapter 4, for 11-VI compounds chapter 3, for 111-V compounds chapter 2)
14 IA,-IB, compounds ...... 434 I,-V compounds ...... 437 15 Y ...... I,-VI compounds ...... 446 16 Y 17 IIx-IVy compounds ...... 18 IIx-Vy compounds ...... 476 19 11-VI12 compounds ...... 507 20 ...... 21 111-VI1 compounds ...... 22 ...... 563 23 ...... 566 24 IV-VI12 compounds ...... 25 V,-VI, compounds ...... 613 26
Semiconductors: Data Handbook E Further ternary compounds (For tetrahedrally bonded quasi-binary and ternary compounds see chapters 5...10)
27 1,-IVY-VI, compounds ...... 28 Ix-V,-VIz compounds ...... 29 11,-111,-VI, compounds ...... 30 IIIx-Vy-VIzcompounds ......
31 IV,-V Y -VI, compounds ...... 32 V-VI-VI1 compounds . 33 Further ternary compounds ...... 674
F Boron, transition metal and rare earths compounds with semiconducting properties...... 679 (Data only on the enclosed CD-ROM)
34 Boron compompounds 35 Binary transition metal compounds (Compounds with elements of the IVth group, compounds with elements of the Vth group, oxides, chalcogenides) . 36 Binary rare earth compounds 37 Ternary transition metal compounds (Pnigochalcogenides, spinels and related compounds, oxides, further chalcogenides) 38 Ternary rare earth compounds
G Index of Substances 1 Index of substances for chapters 1 to 33 ...... 680 2 Index of substances for chapters 34 to 38 ...... 685
Semiconductors: Data Handbook Detailed table of contents
A Introduction 2.18 Quaternary alloys lattice matched to 1 General remarks to the structure of this binary 111-V compounds ...... 167 volume ...... 1 2 Physical quantities tabulated in this volume ... 2 3 11-VI compounds 3.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure ... 173 B Tetrahedrally bonded elements and 3.1 Beryllium oxide (BeO) ...... 180 compounds 3.2 Beryllium sulfide (BeS) ...... 182 3.3 Beryllium selenide (BeSe) ...... 182 1 Elements of the IVth group and IV-IV 3.4 Beryllium telluride (BeTe) ...... 183 compounds 3.5 Magnesium oxide (MgO) ..... , ...... 184 1.o Crystal structure and electronic structure ...... 7 3.6 Magnesium sulfide (MgS 1.1 Diamond (C) .ll 3.7 Magnesium selenide (Mg 1.2 Silicon (Si) ...... 16 3.8 Magnesium telluride (MgTe) 1.3 Germanium (Ge) . 45 3.9 Calcium oxide (CaO) ...... 187 1.4 Grey tin (a-Sn) ...... 57 3.10 Strontium oxide (SrO) ...... 190 1.5 Silicon carbide (SiC) ...... 60 3.1 1 Barium oxide (BaO) ...... 192 1.6 Silicon germanium mixed crystals 3.12 Zinc oxide (ZnO) ...... 194 (SixGel-x) ...... 70 3.13 Zinc sulfide (ZnS) ...... 200 3.14 Zinc selenide (ZnSe) ...... 208 2 111-V compounds 3.15 Zinc telluride (ZnTe) ...... 213 2.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure ...... 71 3.16 Cadmium oxide (CdO) ...... 2.1 Boron nitride (BN) ...... 79 3.17 2.2 Boron phosphide (BP) 3.18 2.3 Boron arsenide (BAS) ...... 87 3.19 Cadmium telluride (CdTe) 2.4 Boron antimonide (BSb) ...... 88 3.20 2.5 Aluminum nitride (AlN) ...... 88 3.21 Mercury sulfide (HgS) 2.6 Aluminum phosphide (Alp) 91 3.22 Mercury selenide (HgSe) ...... 239 2.7 Aluminum arsenide (AIAs) ...... 94 3.23 Mercury telluride (HgTe) 24 1 2.8 Aluminum antimonide (AlSb) .98 2.9 Gallium nitride (GaN) ...... 103 4 I-VI1 compounds 2.10 Gallium phosphide (Gap) . 4.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure ... 245 2.11 Gallium arsenide (GaAs) .. 4.1 Cuprous fluoride (CuF) ...... 248 2.12 Gallium antimonide (GaSb)...... 4.2 Cuprous chloride (y-CuC1) ...... 248 2.13 Indium nitride (InN) ...... 137 4.3 Cuprous bromide (y-CuBr)...... 254 2.14 Indium phosphide (InP) ...... 139 4.4 Cuprous iodide (y-CUI)...... 259 2.15 Indium arsenide (Ids) ...... 148 4.5 Silver fluoride (AgF) ...... 262 2.16 Indium antimonide (InSb) ...... 154 4.6 Silver chloride (AgCl) ...... 263 2.17 Ternary alloys lattice matched to binary 4.7 Silver bromide (AgBr) ...... 268 111-V compounds ...... 162 4.8 Silver iodide (AgI) ...... 271
Semiconductors: Data Handbook 5 IIIz-VI3 compounds 7.3 Zinc silicon arsenide(ZnSiAs2 5.0 Crystal structure of quasi-binary IIz-VI3 7.4 compounds...... 275 7.5 5.1 Gallium sulfide (Ga2S3) ...... 276 7.6 5.2 Gallium selenide (Ga2Se3) ...... 278 7.7 Zinc tin phosphide (ZnSnP2) . 5.3 Gallium telluride (Ga2Teg) ...... 280 7.8 Zinc tin arsenide (ZnSnAsz) ...... 344 5.4 Indium sulfide (In2S3) ...... 281 7.9 Zinc tin antimonide (ZnSnSb2) ...... 345 5.5 Indium selenide (In2Se3) ...... 283 7.10 Cadmium silicon phosphide (CdSiP2) ...... 346 5.6 Indium telluride (In2Te3) ...... 286 7.11 Cadmium silicon arsenide (CdSiAsz) ...... 348 7.12 Cadmium germanium phosphide 6 I-111-VI2 compounds (CdGePz) ...... 349 (included are I-Fe-& compounds) 7.13 Cadmium germanium arsenid 6.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.... 289 (CdGeAs2) ...... 6.1 Copper aluminum sulfide (CuAlS2) ...... 292 7.14 Cadmium tin phosphide (CdS 6.2 Copper aluminum selenide (CuAlSe2) 7.15 Cadmium tin arsenide (CdSnAs2) ...... 357 6.3 Copper aluminum telluride (CuAlTe2) ...... 297 6.4 Copper gallium sulfide (CuGaS2) ...... 298 8 I~-IV-VL~compounds 6.5 Copper gallium selenide (CuGaSe2) ...... 302 8.1 Copper germanium sulfide (CuzGeS3) ...... 359 6.6 Copper gallium telluride (CuGaTe2) ...... 304 8.2 Copper germanium selenide 6.7 Copper indium sulfide (CuInS (Cu2GeSe3) ...... 360 6.8 Copper indium selenide (CuIn 8.3 Copper germanium telluride 6.9 Copper indium telluride (CuInTe2)...... 3 1 1 (Cu2GeTe3) ...... 362 6.10 Silver gallium sulfide (AgGaSz) ...... 3 13 8.4 Copper tin sulfide (Cu2SnS3) ...... 362 6.11 Silver gallium selenide (AgGaSe2) 315 8.5 Copper tin selenide (Cu2SnSe3) ...... 363 6.12 Silver gallium telluride (AgGaTe2) ...... 3 18 8.6 Copper tin telluride (CqSnTej)...... 364 6.13 Silver indium sulfide (AgInSz) 319 8.7 Silver germanium selenide (Ag2GeSe3) ..... 365 6.14 Silver indium selenide (AgInSe2) ...... 320 8.8 Silver germanium telluride (Ag~GeTe3).... 365 6.15 Silver indium telluride (AgInTe2) 322 8.9 Silver tin sulfide (Ag2SnS3) ...... 366 6.16 Copper thallium sulfide (CuTlS2) ...... 324 8.10 Silver tin selenide (Ag2SnSe3) ...... 366 6.17 Copper thallium selenide (CuTlSez)...... 324 8.11 Silver tin telluride (Ag2SnTe3) ...... 366 6.18 Copper thallium telluride (CuTlTe2) ...... 325 6.19 Silver thallium selenide (AgTlSez) ...... 325 9 I3-v-vI4 compounds 6.20 Silver thallium telluride (AgTlTe2) ...... 325 9.0 Crystal structure ...... 367 6.21 Copper iron sulfide (CuFeS2) ...... 326 9.1 Copper thiophosphate (Cu3PS4)...... 368 6.22 Copper iron selenide (CuFeSe2) ..... 327 9.2 Copper thioarsenide. enargite. luzonite 6.23 Copper iron telluride (CuFeTe2)...... 327 (CU~ASS~)...... 369 6.24 Silver iron selenide (AgFeSe2) 328 9.3 Copper arsenic selenide (Cu3AsSe4) ...... 370 6.25 Silver iron telluride (AgFeTez) ...... 328 9.4 Copper antimony sulfide. famatinite (Cu3SbS4) ...... 371 7 11-1v-V~compounds 9.5 Copper antimony selenide (Cu3SbSe4) ...... 371 7.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure ... 329 9.6 Copper arsenic telluride (Cu3AsTeq) ...... 372 7.1 Magnesium silicon phosphide (MgSiP2) ....333 9.7 Copper antimony telluride (Cu3SbTe4) ...... 372 7.2 Zinc silicon phosphide (ZnSiP2) ...... 333
Semiconductors:Data Handbook 10 II-III2-VI4 compounds D Further binary compounds 10.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.... 373 10.1 Zinc aluminum sulfide (ZnAl2S4) ...... 375 14 IAx-IBy compounds 10.2 Zinc gallium sulfide (ZnGa2S4) 375 14.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure .. 434 10.3 Zinc gallium selenide (ZnGazSe4) ...... 377 14.1 CsAu ...... 434 10.4 Zinc thioindate (ZnInzS4) ..... 378 14.2 RbAu ...... 436 10.5 Zinc indium selenide (ZnIn2Se4)...... 379 10.6 Zinc indium telluride (ZnIn2Te4) ..... 15 Ix-Vy compounds 10.7 Cadmium thioaluminate (CdAl2S4) ...... 381 15.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure .. 437 10.8 Cadmium thiogallate (CdGazS4) ...... 382 15.1 I-V compounds (NaSb. KSb. RbSb. CsSb) 440 10.9 Cadmium gallium selenide (CdGa2Se4) .....384 15.2 13-V compounds ...... 441 10.10 Cadmium gallium telluride (CdGa~Te4)..... 386 15.2.1 Lattice parameters and melting 10.11 Cadmium thioindate (CdInzSq) ...... 387 10.12 Cadmium indium selenide (CdIn2Se4) ...... 389 10.13 Cadmium indium telluride ( 10.14 Cadmium thallium selenide 10.15 Mercury thiogallate (HgGazS4) 10.16 Mercury gallium selenide (HgGa2Se4) ...... 393 15.2.6 Cs3Sb ...... 443 10.17 Mercury indium telluride (HgIn2Te4)...... 394 15.2.7 Rb3Bi, Cs3Bi ...... 444 10.18 Hgh2fkq.Hg3In2Te6. Hg5In2Te8 ...... 396 15.3 12-I-V compounds ...... 444 10.19 Further 11-III2-VI4 compounds with 15.3.1 NazKSb ...... 444 I1 = Mg. Ca ...... 396 15.3.2 K2CsSb ...... 444 15.3.3 NazRbSb, NaaCsSb, K2RbSb, Rb2CsSb..... 445 C Further elements 16 L..VI,, compounds 11 Group I11 elements 16.0 Crystal structure and electronic 11.0 Crystal structure and electronic Structure structure ...... 446 of boron ...... 397 16.1 Cupric oxi ) ...... 449 11.1 Physical properties of boron ...... 399 16.2 Cuprous oxide (Cu20) ...... 451 16.3 Copper sulfides (CU~S,Cu2- xS) ...... 454 12 Group V elements 16.4 Copper selenides (CqSe, CU~-~S~)...... 456 12.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure .... 404 16.5 Copper tellurides (CuzTe, CU~_~T~)...... 457 12.1 Phosphorus (P) ...... 407 16.6 Silver oxides (AgxO,) . 12.2 Arsenic (As) ...... 409 16.7 Silver sulfide (Ag2S) ... 12.3 Antimony (Sb) ...... 412 16.8 Silver selenide (Ag2Se) 12.4 Bismuth (Bi) ...... 415 16.9 Silver telluride (Ag2Te) ...... 462
13 Group VI elements 17 II..IV, compounds 13.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.... 419 17.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure .. 464 13.1 Sulfur (S) ...... 422 17.1 Magnesium silicide (MgZSi) ...... 465 13.2 Selenium (Se) ...... 424 17.2 Magnesium germanide (Mg2Ge) ...... 468 13.3 Tellurium (Te) ...... 429 17.3 Magnesium stannide (Mg2Sn)...... 470
Semiconductors: Data Handbook 17.4 Magnesium plumbide (Mg2Pb) ...... 473 20.12 17.5 Ca2Si, CazSn, CazPb ...... 475 20.13 17.6 BaSi2, BaGe2, SrGe2 ...... 475 20.14 20.15 18 II,Vy compounds 20.16 18.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure ... 476 20.17 In4Te3 ...... 543 18.1 Magnesium arsenide (Mg3As2) 480 20.18 T15Te3 ...... 18.2 Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) ...... 481 20.19 18.3 Zinc arsenide (Zn3Asz) 483 20.20 18.4 Cadmium phosphide (Cd3P-J ...... 485 20.21 ...... 547 18.5 Cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2) ...... 488 20.22 TlInS2...... 18.6 Zinc phosphide (ZnP2) ...... 490 20.23 ...... 550 18.7 Zinc arsenide (ZnAs2) ...... 493 20.24 TlInTe2 ...... 18.8 Cadmium phosphide (CdP2) ...... 495 18.9 Cadmium arsenide (CdAs2) ...... 497 21 111-VI1 compounds 18.10 Cadmium tetraphosphide (CdP4) ...... 499 21 .o Crystal structure and electronic structure .. 553 18.1 1 Zinc antimonide (ZnSb)...... 500 21.1 Thallium fluoride (TlF) ...... 555 18.12 Cadmium antimonide (CdSb) 21.2 Thallium chloride (TlCl) ...... 556 18.13 Zinc antimonide (ZqSb3) ..... 21.3 Thallium bromide (TlBr)...... 558 18.14 Cadmium antimonide (Cd4Sb3)...... 21.4 Thallium iodide (TlI) ...... 561 18.15 Cd7P10 ...... 18.16 cd6P7 ...... 22 IV-V compounds 22.0 Crystal structure and lattice,parameters .... 563 19 11-VI12 compounds 22.1 Sip, GeP ...... 19.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure ... 507 22.2 ...... 564 19.1 Cadmium dichloride (CdC12) ...... 509 22.3 GeAs ...... 19.2 Cadmium dibromide (CdBr2) ...... 509 22.4 19.3 Cadmium diiodide (CdI2) ...... 5 10 22.5 GeAs2 ...... 565
19.4 Mercury diiodide (HgI2) .., ... . . , .. . . . , ...... 5 12 23 IVx-VIy compounds 20 IIIrVIy compounds 23.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure .. 566 20.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure ... 5 15 23.1 Germanium sulfide (GeS) ...... 572 20.1 Gallium sulfide (Gas 23.2 Germanium selenide (GeSe) 574 20.2 Gallium selenide (G 23.3 Germanium telluride (GeTe) ...... 576 20.3 Gallium telluride (GaTe) ...... 23.4 Tin sulfide (SnS) ...... 578 20.4 Indium sulfide (Ins) ...... 529 23.5 Tin selenide (SnSe) ...... 580 20.5 Indium selenide (InSe)...... 530 23.6 Tin telluride (SnTe) ...... 20.6 Indium telluride (InTe) ...... 533 23.7 Lead monoxide (PbO) ... 20.7 Thallium sulfide (TlS) ...... 535 23.8 Lead sulfide (PbS) ...... 20.8 Thallium selenide (TlSe) ...... 536 23.9 Lead selenide (PbSe)...... 20.9 Thallium telluride (TlTe) ...... 538 23.10 Lead telluride (PbTe) .... 20.10 In6S7 ...... 539 23.1 1 Germanium dioxide (Ge 20.1 1 I@e3 ...... 540 23.12 Germanium disulfide (GeS2) ...... 595
Semiconductors: Data Handbook 23.13 Germanium diselenide (GeSe2) ...... 596 27.5 AggSnSe6 ...... 23.14 Tin dioxide (SnO2) ...... 597 27.6 AggGeTeg ...... 643 23.15 Tin disulfide (SnS2) ...... 600 23.16 Tin diselenide (SnSe2) ...... 602 27.8 CusGeSe6 ...... 644 23.17 Si2Te3 ...... 603 23.18 Sn2S3, PbSnS3, SnGeS3, PbGeS3 ...... 605 ...... 644
24 IV-VI12 compounds 28 Ix-Vy-VIz compounds 24.0 Crystal structure ...... 606 28.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure .. 645 24.1 Lead difluoride (PbF2)...... 606 28.1 AgAsS2 ...... 646 24.2 Lead dichloride (PbC12) ...... 608 28.2 AgAsSe2 ...... 646 24.3 Lead dibromide (PbBr2) ...... 609 28.3 AgAsTe2 ...... 647 24.4 Lead diiodide (PbI2) ...... 610 ...... 647 28.5 AgSbSe2 ...... 647 25 V,-VI, compounds ...... 648 25.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.... 613 25.1 Arsenic oxide (As2O3) ...... 617 ...... 649 25.2 Arsenic sulfide (As2S3) ...... 617 25.3 Arsenic selenide (As2Se3) ...... 619 28.10 CuSbSe2 ..... 25.4 Arsenic telluride (As2Te3) ...... 25.5 Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) ...... 621 28.12 CuBiSe2 ..... 25.6 Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) ...... 622 25.7 Antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) ...... 624 28.14 Ag3AsS3 ...... 25.8 Bismuth oxide (BizO3) ...... 626 28.15 Ag3SbS3 ...... 652 25.9 Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) ...... 627 25.10 Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) ...... 628 29 II,-III,-VI, compounds 25.1 1 Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) 630 29.0 Crystal structure of 11-111-VI2 compounds . 653 25.12 Realgar (AsqS4) ...... 633 29.1 ...... 653 29.2 CdInSe2 ...... 26 V-VI13 compounds 29.3 ...... 654 26.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure ...634 29.4 26.1 Arsenic triiodide (Ad3) ...... ,635 29.5 ...... 655 26.2 Antimony triiodide (Sb13) ...... 636 29.6 26.3 Bismuth triiodide (BiI3) ...... 637 29.7
E Further ternary compounds 30 IIIx-Vy-VI~compounds 30.0 Crystal structure of 111-V-VI2 compounds 657 21 Ix-IVy-VIz compounds 30.1 .TlAsS2 ...... 657 27.0 Crystal structure ...... 640 30.2 TlSbS2 ...... 657 27.1 AgsGeS6 (argyrodite)...... 641 30.3 TlBiS2 ...... 658 27.2 AgsSnS6 (canfieldite) ...... 641 27.3 AgsSiSe6 ...... 642 30.5 TlBiTe2 ...... 27.4 AgsGeSe6 ...... 642 ...... 659
Semiconductors: Data Handbook 30.7 IngSb~Te...... 659 33.14 Hg3PS3, Hg3PS4 ...... 678 30.8 In7SbTeg ...... 660 33.15 Cd4(P,As)2(Cl,Br,1)3 ...... 678
31 IV,-V,-VI, compounds F Boron, transition metal and rare earth 31.0 Crystal structure ...... 66 1 compounds with semiconducting 31.1 Bi12Si020 ...... 661 properties (data only on the enclosed 31.2 Bi12Ge020 ...... 662 CD-ROM) ...... 679 31.3 PbSb2S4, GeSb2Te4, GeBi~Te4,SnBi~Teq,662 31.4 GeBiqTe7, GeSbqTe7, PbBiqTe7 ...... 663 34 Boron compounds 34.1 Boron-hydrogen alloys 32 V-VI-VI1 compounds 34.2 Binary boron-lithium compounds 32.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure ..665 34.3 Ternary boron-lithium compounds 32.1 AsSBr ...... 666 34.4 Boron-sodium compounds 32.2 SbSI ... 666 34.5 Boron-potassium compounds 32.3 SbSBr ...... 669 34.6 Beryllium-aluminum-boron compounds 32.4 ...... 669 34.7 Boron-aluminum-magnesium compounds 32.5 SbSeI ...... 669 34.8 Boron-alkaline earth compounds 32.6 SbTeI ...... 34.9 Aluminum-boron compounds 32.7 BiOCl ...... 670 34.10 Boron-yttrium compounds 32.8 BiOBr ...... 670 34.11 Lanthanide hexaborides 32.9 BiOI 34.12 Lanthanide hexaborides of the type LaB66 32.10 BiSCl ...... 671 34.13 MgAlB14 type borides with lanthanides 32.11 BiSBr ...... 671 34.14 Boron compounds with group IV elements: 32.12 BiSI ...... 671 boron carbide 32.13 BiSeBr . 672 34.15 Boron-silicon compounds 32.14 BiSeI ...... 672 34.16 Boron-zirconium compounds 32.15 BiTeBr . 672 34.17 Boron-nitrogen compounds 32.16 BiTeI ...... 673 34.18 Boron-phosphorus compounds 34.19 Boron-arsenic compounds 33 Further ternary compounds 33.1 Cu3IngSeg ...... 35 Binary transition metal compounds 33.2 Cu3GagSeg ...... 674 35.1 Compounds with elements of the IVth group 33.3 Ag3In5Seg ...... 675 35.2 Compounds with elements of the Vth group 33.4 Ag3Ga~Seg ..... 35.3 Chalcogenides 33.5 CuzGaqTe7 ...... 675 33.6 Cu2InqTe7 .. 676 36 Binary rare earth compounds 33.7 CuIn3Teg ...... 676 33.8 AgIn3Teg 677 37 Ternary transition metal compounds 33.9 AgIn5Sg ...... 677 37.1 Pnigochalcogenides 33.10 AgIngTel4 .,677 37.2 Spinels and related compounds 33.11 Cd2SnO4 ...... 677 37.3 Further chalcogenides 33.12 CdSn03 678 33.13 Li3CuO3 ...... 678 38 Ternary rare earth compounds
Semiconductors:Data Handbook