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Speciticity of Exploitation and Maintenance of Electric Buses in Ctc Belgrade

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Speciticity of Exploitation and Maintenance of Electric Buses in Ctc Belgrade SPECITICITY OF EXPLOITATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC BUSES IN CTC BELGRADE Slobodan Mišanović*, project manager, PUC "City Transport Company" Belgrade, Serbia Željko Milković, director of company, PUC "City Transport Company" Belgrade, Serbia Dušan Savković, tehnical director, PUC "City Transport Company" Belgrade, Serbia Pavle Krstić, head of maintenance depot ''Dorcol'', PUC "City Transport Company" Belgrade, Serbia Slobodan Stević, project manager, PUC "City Transport Company" Belgrade, Serbia Abstract:The introduction of electric buses into the public transport system is one of the strategic measures implemented by "City Transport Company" Belgrade in order to improve ecological and energy performance. The use of this type of drive has certain specificities and advantages in comparison to the diesel‐powered bus. This paper will analyze the specifics of operation and maintenance of buses on electric power on the basis of the two‐year experience in the line of EKO 1 in Belgrade. Keywords: E‐bus, exploitation, maintenance INTRODUCTION "City Transport Company" Belgrade, is the bearer of public transport in Belgrade and one of the largest public transport companies in South East Europe. Everyday in the operation are: 609 buses, 150 trams and 94 trolleybuses and 5 bus electrically powered. From 1 st September 2016, introduced a new line of EKO 1 where operate buses exclusively on electric power. In this way, Belgrade is included in the map of cities in Europe and the world that have begun using electric buses as a long‐term strategy for using this concept of drives, which will be the main alternative to diesel‐powered buses. The choice of the electric bus concept came after several years of activity in monitoring the development and application of these buses in many cities in Europe and the world, as well as successful cooperation with many bus manufacturers (Higer, BYD, Solaris, Siemns Rampini ...). Also, "City Transport Company" Belgrade has been active in many EU projects related to electric buses (ZeEUS, Hibryd user forum, Civitas, UITP bus coomitte ...). Specificity of using electrically powered buses can be seen in terms of: lines on which they work, vehicle concept, charging systems, maintenance, safety, exploitation indicators and environmental suitability. LINE EKO 1 (VUKOV SPOMENIK – BELVIL) The choice of a new line on which electric buses will operate will come after a detailed analysis of the fulfillment of the following criteria /1/ : A central city line, so that the environmental impact of the "0" emission is maximized High line attractiveness from the aspect of passenger requirements Suitability of the line or terminal from the aspect of providing energy requirements for chargers Line length, such that at the end of the journey there is a minimum of 20% of the available power in the supercapacitors * Kneginje Ljubice 29,Belgrade [email protected] 119 Picture 1. – Route of line EKO 1 The mean length of the EKO 1 line is 8 km. The line is a flat configuration with a slight climb. On the line work 4 buses with an average interval of 20 minutes . The charging time at the terminals is 5‐10 minutes. CHOICE CONCEPT E‐BUS AND SYSTEM FOR CHARGING Taking into consideration all the available electric bus concepts and charging systems (slow, fast), which would be the best solution for the EKO 1 line, the team of "City Transport Company" Belgrade has chosen the concept of fast charging at terminals using a pantograph and an electric bus with supercapacitor as a system for storing electricity. The main advantages of these concepts are the following /1/ Opportune charge on Terminus via pantograph • Acceptable charge time • Ability to connect to the trolleybus and tram contact network (DC), or public distribution electric grid (AC) • E‐bus can work all day (especially important in summer when air conditioning is used as a large consumer) Storage using super capacitors: • Principle: Electro static • High power • High efficiency 92‐98% • Temperature range: ‐40 +65 ˚C. • Short charge on terminal 5‐10 min • The flexibility of the rapid charging and discharging • Larger lifetime: min 10 years • Suitability of recycling Picture 2. – Charging phase E‐bus to the terminus Picture 3. – Position of super capacitors ’’Higer KLQ6’’ electric bus has the characteristic presentation in the following table 1 /2/ : * Kneginje Ljubice 29,Belgrade [email protected] 120 Table 1. – Technical Data E‐bus Manufacturer ................................................................................ Higher Type ..................................................................................... Electric KLQ6 Length / width / height …………………………. 12000/2550/3680 mm Curb weight..................................................................................12540 kg Passengers……………………………………………….…....……82+1 Mаx‐speed……………………………………………………….70 km / h Charging the terminus: 660 V DC or 380 V AC, 580 V DC output, 250 A Charging time at the terminus ... ............................................ 5‐8 minutes storage system Electricity ........................................................................ super capacitors Capacity ........................................................................................ 20 kWh Manufacturer ................................................................................... Aowei Type .................................................................... U‐CAP (37DT6‐03210) Traction motors ...................................................................................... 2 Manufacturer ............................................................................. Siemens Picture 4. – E‐bus Higer KLQ6 Type ......................................................................................... 1PV5135 Power ........... 2x90 kW (peak opt.)………....... ... 2x67 kW (nom. Opt.) Torque ....................................................................................2x430 Nm Inverter ..................................................................................... DC / AC Manufacturer ..........................................................................Zhonglian Type ...................................................................... IEVD 130‐60ZO6GA Working range .............................................. 580 V DC / AC 500‐650V Convereter................................................................................ DC / DC Manufacturer ...........................................................................Zhonglian Type ........................................................................................ DY074C Working range ................................................................12‐24‐48 V DC Charging system: Pantograph ........................................................... Aowei 37DT6‐03212 Auxiliary systems: Air conditioning .................................................... Thermoking 81DT6 Pump control ......................................................... KVD HDZXB 1416 Compressor ....................................................................... IEM ER 230 UC‐Cooler ...................................................................... Aowei 37DT6 Traction control .......................................................... Siemens 10DT6 External display ................................................................. Novatronic Picture 5. – indoor space Charging the E‐bus is done at the start/end terminals: Vuk's monument and Belvil. There is a charger in the depot "Dorcol". At the location of the Vuk's monument, the charger is connected to the tramway contact network (DC) and at the location Belvil to the public distribution network (AC). A characteristic of the charger are presented in the following table 2. Table 2. – Technical Data for charger station Technical data Input voltage AC 3x380 V (Belvil) DC 660 V (Vukov spomenik) Power 150 kW Output voltage 400‐600 V DC Maximum current 200‐250 А DC The height from the ground 4.5‐4.6 m MAINTENANCE, SAFETY MEASURES Buses on electric drive as a relatively new concept of buses used in public transport are characterized by certain specifics when maintenance is concerned. Some of these specificities compared to diesel buses are: ‐ Simpler maintenance compared to the diesel bus ‐ Vital parts of the electrical components (inverters, converters, air copresor, pump, supercap ...) modular type * Kneginje Ljubice 29,Belgrade [email protected] 121 Picture 6. – traction inverters Picture 7. – compressor, steering pump ‐ Lower maintenance costs (compared to a diesel bus about 3 times, E‐bus 3000 Euro/year, Diesel 9000 Euro/year) ‐ Diagnosis of failures or defects are identified in the instrument panel ‐ Short replacement time In the following Table 3, shows the components and systems on the buses with a diesel‐powered and electric‐powered bus . Table 3. – components and systems on the buses with a diesel‐powered and electric‐powered bus It can be concluded that the electrically powered bus has a significantly smaller number of components and systems, which makes it more efficient and cheaper in terms of regular and corrective maintenance. In e‐ buses, regular servicing is performed according to the defined check list at every 20 000 km, at the following vehicle positions as shown in table 4. * Kneginje Ljubice 29,Belgrade [email protected] 122 Table 4. – Positions at which a regular service is performed every 20 000 km Operation and maintenance of buses on a purely electrical
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