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Mobile Robots in Japan Mobile Robots in Japan A REPORT BY PHILLIP WHITE DTI INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY PROMOTER 1 MOBILE ROBOTS IN JAPAN This report was prepared by Phillip White, Finally, Dr Eda showed a video of one robot DTI International Technology Promoter for developed by Matsushita Electric which he calls electronics and communications in Japan, a Porter Robot. It is used to carry heavy objects following a trip to Japan. The report and follow behind a walking human being, using represents his findings and views expressed its own vision system. This is a good example of do not necessarily reflect those of DTI. a ‘tool-oriented’ robot which combines practical usefulness with the possibility of realisation in Matsushita Electric Industrial the near future (photos can be obtained by Dr Kazuo Eda, Advanced Technology Research contacting Phillip White). Dr Eda coined the Laboratories, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co term Mechanorg for this combination of Ltd made a presentation on ‘Tool-Oriented machine and organism. In the future, monitoring Type Robots (Mechanorg)’ at the UK-Japan coordination and communication between High Technology Industry Forum in Osaka on various 3As type robots and service providers 25 May. Heb outlined the development trends will become possible within the home and and drivers for robotics in Japan and gave a within public spaces. concrete example with their ‘Porter Robot’. Demographics trends in Japan are leading to Sony an increase in the number of people who are Mr Kohtaro Sabe, Sony Intelligence Dynamics either elderly, living alone, sick or Laboratories, Inc presented a keynote speech handicapped. People expect tools, such as entitled ‘Development of Entertainment Robot robots, to help them realise their aims, to and Its Future’ at the IEEE Vlsi Symposium in save time and to become self-supporting. Kyoto on 16 June. He introduced the various type of robots developed by Sony. The AIBO Dr Eda sees a paradigm shift from the quadruped robot was launched in 1999 and automatic machines and production robots to 5,000 units were quickly sold in spite of the the life-assistance and partner robots. The high price (exceeding £1,000). The QRIO production robots helped improve efficiency humanoid robot, introduced in 2002, stands and provided power assistance but the 580 mm high and weighs 6.5 kg. Its joints humans had to adapt to the robots needs. have 38 degrees of freedom in total, including The partner robots aim to provide care and 10 for the fingers. act as a submissive supporter so the robot must adapt to human needs. Mr Sabe explained the importance of the OPEN-R standard, proposed by Sony in 1998, He characterised this new paradigm by 3As: in enabling a modular hardware and control Anshin (relief), Anzen (safety), Assist. He software architecture for their robots. This forsees application in the fields of Household was demonstrated video showing equivalent (carry, power-assist, nursing care, agent), behaviour when the two rear limbs of an Public (carry, power-assist, nursing care) and AIBO were replaced by a base driven by two Business (distribution, medical, nursing care). wheeled motors. As chair of this session, and from experience as an engineer in the robotics industry in the Current research on behaviour and pattern 1980s, I pointed out that this contrasts with recognition makes use of the two CCD the early applications of industrial robots camera and other sensors in the QRIO characterised by the 3Ks: Kitsui (hard/heavy together with its wireless connection to link work), Kiken (dangerous), Kitenai (dirty). to a PC cluster. This is used to implement a Dr Eda introduced a roadmap for the ‘behavior-based architecture’ with learning development of these new robots. ability. This allows the researchers to verify a computational model by interaction between a robot and the real world. 2 MOBILE ROBOTS IN JAPAN SAFETY, SECURITY AND RESCUE ROBOTS The IEEE International Workshop on Safety, Evaluation of a snake-like rescue robot Security and Rescue Robotics was held in ‘KOHGA’ for usability of remote control Kobe on 6-9 June. Articulated snake-like robots are currently the favoured solution for crawling through narrow The workshop was hosted by the International space in rubble to search for survivors. They Rescue System Institute which manages the have a camera on the front so the operator Special Project for Earthquake Disaster can see where the robot is going however Mitigation in Urban Areas. This project was they can get stuck somewhere between the started by the Japanese Ministry of ‘head’ and the ‘tail’. In many situations, the Education, Sports, Culture, Science and camera on the front, or head, is unable to Technology in 2002 as an urban renaissance view the blockage. This project team, from programme. The objective of this five-year the University of Electro-Communications, project is to develop science and technologies uses a second camera on the ‘tail’ and a to drastically reduce damage expected by scorpion-like raising of the ‘tail’ to view the large-scale urban earthquake disasters such as body of the robot and the obstruction with the Kobe earthquake of 1995. the tail-mounted camera. A sub-project ‘Advanced Disaster Management Systems – Development of Advanced Robots and Information Systems for Disaster Response’ aims at development of robots, intelligent sensors, ubiquitous terminals, human interfaces etc, which aid emergency response such as search and rescue. It especially focuses on searching for victims, information collection and distribution. Some of the more interesting presentations by Japanese speakers are outlined below. Motion control of soil removal operation FUMA: Environment information gathering for a tele-operation based demining wheeled rescue robot with one DOF arm operation This robot, developed by the University of This system used a ground penetrating radar Electro-Communications, employs two cameras to detect a mine and a robotic arm to move a on a one degree of freedom arm. It can quickly soil removal scoop. The control system for navigate and survey a disaster area using a the robotic arm used a ‘virtual place’ to camera with a long-range of focus. If the robot precisely limit the depth to which the tool encounters and obstruction or a possible victim, penetrated the soil. the arm can tilt to point a shorter-focus camera at the robot itself or the victim. 3 MOBILE ROBOTS IN JAPAN A mobile jack robot for rescue operation Hydraulic jacks and hydraulic cutters are essential tools for rescue services. These two robots developed at Okayam University allow them to be deployed more deeply into a collapsed building or other disaster environments. What was unclear was how well the jack robot would work when it was sitting on a surface which was unstable or not perpendicular to the direction of required lift. A study of robot mobile surveillance system using spatial temporal GIS Surveying a scene is an important step prior to a rescue robot navigating a path through it. However, two papers by Waseda University took a different approach aimed at surveillance and security application. A wheeled follows a predefined path using GPS and an inertial navigation system. A camera and optical system mounted on top of the robot surveys 360 degrees around the robot as it moves. After completing the predefined routes, the camera data is to build a ‘point cloud’ of objects seen. This is done by triangulating to a point between successive camera frames as the robot moved. On subsequent circuits, the robots camera can be used to detect that new objects have appeared along side the route, such as a recently parked vehicle or an intruder. 4 MOBILE ROBOTS IN JAPAN CONFERENCES AND EXHIBITIONS Robomec Conference and Exhibition • TAO Aicle, an Intelligent Wheelchair Robot At this conference, 880 posters were developed by Aisin Seiki Co Ltd and presented indicating the wide variety of Fujitsu Ltd research being funded at Japanese • Wakamaru, a Reception Robot developed universities on subject related to robotics, by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries control, sensing and mechatronics. The range • Actroid, a Reception Robot developed by of topics is too broad to cover here but if any Kokor Co Ltd, and Advanced Media, Inc UK company seeking access to • Mujirio Ligurio, a Security Robot developed developments in robotics in Japan I would be by tmsuk Co Ltd pleased to identify contacts and R&D relevant • Guard Robo i, a Security Robot developed to your specific requests. by Sohgo Security Services Co Ltd • SuiPPi, a Cleaning Robot developed by Prof Kintomo Takakura, President, Tokyo Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Women’s Medical University gave a keynote • Subaru Robohiter RS1, a Cleaning Robot presentation on the Application of Robotics developed by Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd and Mechatronics in Medicine with videos of • Subaru Robohiter T1, an Garbage Can these devices in use. Carrying Robot developed by Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd Also there were live demonstrations of some • PaPeRo, a ChildCare Robot developed of the robots which featured in presentations by NEC at the workshop on Safety,Security and Rescue robotics. The photographs have been TAO Aicle, an Intelligent Wheelchair Robot included above. Further videos were taken. For developed by Aisin Seiki Co Ltd and details, please contact [email protected] Fujitsu Ltd Aichi Expo – NEDO Practical Application Robot Project At the Aichi Expo, Japanese companies and universities exhibited robots developed under two project funded by NEDO (the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, an Incorporated Administrative Agency of the Japanese Government): • Practical Application Robot Project • Prototype Robot Project • In the Practical Application Robot Project nine types of robot have been developed focusing on five fields in the market is expected to expand by 2010. These robots were working at the Expo site in a demonstration test 5 MOBILE ROBOTS IN JAPAN This wheelchair can navigate to one of a short Whilst promoted as a childcare robot, the list of preset destinations.
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