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Universidade Federal Do Pará Instituto De Ciências Exatas E Naturais Faculdade De Computação Curso De Bacharelado Em Sistemas De Informação UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E NATURAIS FACULDADE DE COMPUTAÇÃO CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO JULIO DE PÁDUA LOPES MENEZES ABORDAGENS PARA O ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE ALGORITMOS OU EQUIVALENTE COM BASE EM ELEMENTOS DE JOGOS: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DO MAPEAMENTO SISTEMÁTICO DA LITERATURA Belém-Pará 2018 JULIO DE PÁDUA LOPES MENEZES ABORDAGENS PARA O ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE ALGORITMOS OU EQUIVALENTE COM BASE EM ELEMENTOS DE JOGOS: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DO MAPEAMENTO SISTEMÁTICO DA LITERATURA Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Bacharel em Sistemas de Informação pela Universidade Federal do Pará. Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Marianne Kogut Eliasquevici. Belém-Pará 2018 JULIO DE PÁDUA LOPES MENEZES ABORDAGENS PARA O ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE ALGORITMOS OU EQUIVALENTE COM BASE EM ELEMENTOS DE JOGOS: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DO MAPEAMENTO SISTEMÁTICO DA LITERATURA Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Bacharel em Sistemas de Informação pela Universidade Federal do Pará. Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Marianne Kogut Eliasquevici. Aprovado em: Conceito: BANCA EXAMINADORA: __________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Marianne Kogut Eliasquevici Orientadora (FACOMP/UFPA) _______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sandro Ronaldo Bezerra Oliveira Avaliador (FACOMP/UFPA) _________________________________________________ Me. Lennon Sales Furtado Avaliador externo Dedico este trabalho à Sandra Lopes Menezes, pela inspiração nos estudos: “nunca é tarde para iniciar novos estudos!” AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a todos os familiares, amigos, colegas e professores que, de forma direta ou indireta, contribuíram para a conclusão de mais uma graduação. Em especial minha querida Kamila B. Menezes, pelo incentivo, paciência e apoio incessantes em todos os momentos, durante os quatro anos e meio de curso. Agradeço, ainda, à professora Dra. Marianne Kogut Eliasquevici e ao professor Dr. Sandro Ronaldo Bezerra Oliveira, pela cobrança e incentivo e ao mestrando José Quaresma, pela parceria durante a Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. Sem a contribuição de todos esses trabalhos não seria realizado. Julio Menezes Não se pode entrar duas vezes no mesmo rio. (Heráclito, 500 a.C) Não se pode entrar no mesmo rio nem uma única vez (Crátilo, 400 a.C) O caminho para cima e o para baixo são um só e a mesma coisa (Heráclito, 500 a.C) RESUMO O uso de abordagens baseadas em elementos de jogos (metodologias, técnicas, ferramentas, entre outras) que auxiliam o ensino de algoritmo e afins, apesar de recente vem ganhando destaque em publicações acadêmicas. Isso porque, o uso dessas abordagens pode contribuir para aumentar o envolvimento e o engajamento de estudantes em disciplinas elementares das áreas de Tecnologia de Informação (TI). O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar, a partir de um Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura (MSL), as principais abordagens baseadas em elementos de jogos que vêm sendo empregadas como apoio ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de algoritmo e introdução à programação, no contexto dos cursos de nível superior na área de TI. Ou seja, construir um mapeamento das principais tendências de pesquisas desenvolvidas que envolvam abordagens baseadas em elementos de jogos voltados ao ensino de algoritmo e programação, com o objetivo de validar os resultados por meio de evidências científicas. Realizou-se um estudo a partir do Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura para identificar estudos primários voltados ao ensino de algoritmo e programação. Foram identificados 10.027 estudos primários, publicados entre 2006 e 2016. Os estudos preliminares mostram uma crescente preocupação em desenvolver experiências a partir de abordagens baseadas em elementos de jogos distibuidos em pelo pelos 23 países nos diversos continentes do mundo, pois em 61 artigos selecionados foram identificadas abordagens baseados em elementos de jogos, sejam eles, pelo uso de jogos sérios, elementos de jogos e de gamificação. Palavras-chave: Abordagens de elementos de jogos. Ensino de algoritmo e programação. Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura. ABSTRACT The use of element-based approaches (methods, techniques, tools, among others) that help the algorithm and related education, despite recent has been gaining prominence in academic publications. This is because the use of these approaches can contribute to increasing the involvement and engagement of students in basic disciplines of information technology (it). The aim of this study is to investigate, from a Systematic Mapping of literature (MSL), the main game elements-based approaches that have been used as support for the teaching and learning process and introduction to algorithm programming, in the context of upper-level courses in the it field. In other words, build a mapping of the main trends of researches developed involving approaches based on elements of games geared to teaching algorithm and programming, with the aim of validating the results through scientific evidence. A study from the Systematic Mapping of the literature to identify primary studies focusing on teaching algorithm and programming. 10,027 primary studies were identified, published between 2006 and 2016. Preliminary studies show a growing concern in developing experiences from approaches based on elements of games distributed by 23 countries in several continents by the world because in 61 articles selected were identified approaches based on elements of games, be they, by the use of serious games, game elements and of gamification. Keywords: Game elements approaches. Algorithm and programming teaching. Systematic Literature Mapping. LISTA DE QUADROS Quadro 1 – Bases de dados selecionadas....................................................................................... 27 Quadro 2 - Questões para avaliação da qualidade dos estudos ..................................................... 33 Quadro 3 - Escala Likert-5 para avaliação da qualidade de estudos ............................................. 34 Quadro 4 - Escala Likert por critério ............................................................................................. 35 Quadro 5 - Avaliação da qualidade ............................................................................................... 36 Quadro 6 – Seleção dos estudos primários .................................................................................... 39 Quadro 7 – Relação de estudos por autores ................................................................................... 42 Quadro 8 – Distribuição de publicação por Instituições de Ensino ............................................... 43 Quadro 9 - Principais artigos publicados em conferências ............................................................ 48 Quadro 10 – Principais artigos publicados em journals ................................................................ 48 Quadro 11 - Principais artigos publicados em simpósios .............................................................. 48 Quadro 12 – Publicações com qualidade “Excelente” .................................................................. 51 LISTA DE GRÁFICOS Gráfico 1 - Quantitativo de estudos retornados a partir da busca primária ................................... 37 Gráfico 2 - Percentual de estudos retornados a partir da busca primária ...................................... 38 Gráfico 3 - Resultado da seleção de estudos primários ................................................................. 40 Gráfico 4 - Distribuição dos trabalhos em relação aos anos.......................................................... 41 Gráfico 5 - Distribuição de publicação por países ......................................................................... 46 Gráfico 6 - Distribuição por tipo de publicação ............................................................................ 47 Gráfico 7 - Assunto principal dos estudos ..................................................................................... 49 Gráfico 8 - Resultado da qualidade dos estudos primários ........................................................... 50 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................... 11 1 FUNDAMENTAÇÃO TEÓRICA ........................................................................................... 15 1.1 REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA ................................................................... 19 1.1.1 Revisão informal e Revisão sistemática ............................................................................... 20 1.2 MAPEAMENTO SISTEMÁTICO DA LITERATURA ......................................................... 21 2 PLANEJAMENTO DA REVISÃO ......................................................................................... 23 2.1 OBJETIVOS DA REVISÃO ................................................................................................... 23 2.2 QUESTÃO DE PESQUISA PRINCIPAL .............................................................................. 24 2.2.1 Estrutura da questão de pesquisa principal ........................................................................... 24 2.2.2 Questões de pesquisa secundárias ........................................................................................ 25 2.3 ESCOPO DA PESQUISA ......................................................................................................
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