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Clitoria Ternatea, Pennisetum Hybrid Cenchrus Ciliaris Kharif Crops

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Clitoria Ternatea, Pennisetum Hybrid Cenchrus Ciliaris Kharif Crops Chaudhray Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar (Haryana) India Established: 1970 Location 29.14°N 75.70°E Total land - 8645 Acres Main Campus - 7219 Acres Outstations - 14242 Acres Objectives of the University TEACHING RESEARCH EXTENSION Furthering the Undertaking the Imparting education in extension of such different branches of advancement of learning and research, sciences to the rural study, particularly people within the State agriculture, agricultural particularly in engineering, home agriculture and allied science and other allied sciences sciences 5 Varieties Developed by CCSHAU, Hisar Total No. of Varieties 238 Energy production vis-à-vis biomass yield evaluation of different fodder crops/ grasses/hybrids (with confirmed paternity using DNA profiles) in Kharif season in India Assistant Director (REL) Directorate of Research, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Dr. Y. Jindal CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar [email protected] 10/15/2019 125 004, Haryana, India MANDATE Development of high yielding varieties of forage crops possessing wider adaptability, better nutritional quality and resistance to insect-pests and diseases Development of dual purpose and multicut varieties of different forage crops viz. Forage Sorghum, Berseem and Oats To disseminate the improved varieties and technologies among the farmers To work out the optimum agronomic practices for the cultivation of various forage crops under different farming systems To increase the forage production per unit area and per unit time under Haryana conditions 10/15/2019 8 INTRODUCTION Haryana is located in Around 70% rainfall is the northwest part of There are two received during July to the country and the agro climatic September and the climate is arid to semi remaining 30% during zones in the arid with average Dec. to Feb. rainfall of 455 mm. state. 10/15/2019 9 Agro-climatic zones of Haryana Western part is The eastern suitable for part is suitable sorghum, pearl for berseem, millet, cowpea, oats, sorghum, guar maize 10/15/2019 10 Temperature, Rainfall and Climate Zones of Haryana 10/15/2019 11 Geographical Area 4.42m ha Cultivable Area 3.7 mha Cultivated Area 3.64m ha Cropping Intensity 184.71% Forage crops are grown in an area of 3.91 lakh hectares 10/15/2019 which accounts for about 9.0% of the total cropped area in12 Haryana 13 Area under Green Fodder Crops in Haryana Area in hectares Crop Area Total Irrigated (A) Unirrigated (B) (A+B) Sorghum 62960 10156 73116 Maize 363 _ 363 Pearl millet 28 _ 28 Sesbania 2539 2088 4627 Trigonella 1209 27 1236 Oats 4138 52 4190 Berseem 50879 394 51273 Lucerne 9771 _ 9771 Other fodders 179703 66501 246204 Total 311590 79218 390808 10/15/2019Source: DGLR (Hry.) 14 Animal Population in Haryana • The livestock sector in India contributes to nearly 32% of total agricultural output •India with 2.3% share of global geographical area supports nearly 20% of the livestock population of the World, notably among them are cattle (16%), buffalo (55%), goat (20%) and sheep (5%). •Having only 4% of total cropping area under fodder cultivation has resulted in a severe deficit of green fodder (36%), dry fodder (40%) and concentrates (57%). • Haryana has a livestock population of 9.1 million • Its ‘Hariana’ breed of cows and ‘Murrah’ breed of buffaloes are known throughout the world • Buffaloes constitute 67% of the total livestock population and they contribute about 80% of the total milk production in the State. 10/15/2019 15 Summary of Quick Tabulation of 18th Livestock Census Cattle Buffalo Sheep 15,52,361 59,53,228 6,01,379 Goat Horses Ponies Mule 5,38,320 21,094 4,740 10,600 Donkeys Camel Pig 4,838 38,608 1,33,521 Dog Total Livestock Total Poultry 1,91,450 90,50,139 2,87,85,497 10/15/2019 16 Kharif crops Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Maize (Zea mays), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Teosinte (Euchlaena mexicana) Rabi crops Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum), Oats (Avena sativa), Lucerne (Medicago sativa) Rye Grass (Lolium spp.) Fodder Beet Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). Perennial crops (on trial) Bajra Napier Hybrid, Clitoria ternatea, Pennisetum hybrid Cenchrus ciliaris Kharif crops Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Rabi crops Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) Oats (Avena sativa) MATERIALS & METHODS Experiment: The experiments comprising a few genotypes of each crop were conducted under five different agro-ecological zones of India viz. North West Zone, South Zone, Hill Zone, North East Zone and Central Zone during different Kharif seasons. Around 25 locations data has been taken. The data of different crops along with the checks have been recorded. The experimental details are given below: Genotypes : vary Replications : 3-7 Plot Size : 4m x 3m Experimental Design : RBD MATERIALS & METHODS Observations: The observations were recorded on the following characters: .Green Fodder Yield (q/ha) .Dry Matter Yield (q/ha) .Production efficiency: Green Fodder Yield (q/ha/day) .Production efficiency: Dry Matter Yield (q/ha/day) .Plant height (cm) .Leaf length (cm) .Number of tillers per plant .Dry Matter % .Crude Protein % .Crude Protein yield (q/ha) .In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD %) .Dry digestible matter (DDM) Yield (q/ha) Annual Crops (Cereals and Legumes) C - Maize (Zea mays) C1- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) C2- Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) 3 C4- Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) C5- Rice bean (Vigna umbellata) Perennial hybrids/grasses C - Pennisetum Hybrid C6- Bajra Napier Hybrid 7 (Pennisetum americanum x P. purpureum) (P. glaucum x P. squamulatum), C8- Cenchrus ciliaris C9- Cenchrus setigerus Perennial hybrids/grasses C10- Clitoria ternatea C12- Desmanthus C13- Dichanthium annulatum C11- Setaria Grass (Setaria parviflora) Green Fodder Yield and Dry Matter Yields in different crops GFY DMY 899,4 561,0 520,7 487,4 414,0 358,9 355,6 328,6 289,2 281,8 269,6 238,7 200,7 210,5 162,4 147,2 127,1 108,7 97,1 93,8 76,4 80,3 76,9 56,1 65,1 41,4 Sorghum Pearl millet Maize Cowpea Rice bean Bajra Napier HybridPennisetum HybridCenchrus ciliarisCenchrus setigerusClitoria ternateaSetaria Grass DesmanthusDichanthium annulatum GFY/day DMY/Day 11,2 7,8 6,97 5,81 3,9 4,00 3,7 2,96 2,72 2,8 1,8 1,67 1,5 1,26 0,81 0,94 0,63 0,7 0,7 0,53 0,5 0,59 0,3 0,29 Sorghum Pearl millet Maize Cowpea Rice bean Bajra Napier Pennisetum Cenchrus Cenchrus Clitoria Setaria Grass Desmanthus Dichanthium Hybrid Hybrid ciliaris setigerus ternatea annulatum Plant Height 250,0 200,0 150,0 100,0 Leaf Stem Ratio 50,0 1,8 0,0 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Dry Matter % Dichanthium annulatum Desmanthus Setaria Grass Clitoria ternatea Cenchrus setigerus Cenchrus ciliaris Pennisetum Hybrid Bajra Napier Hybrid Rice bean Cowpea Maize Pearl millet Sorghum 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0 40,0 Crude Protein Availability Dichanthium annulatum Desmanthus Setaria Grass Clitoria ternatea Cenchrus setigerus Cenchrus ciliaris Pennisetum Hybrid CPY Bajra Napier Hybrid CP% Rice bean Cowpea Maize Pearl millet Sorghum 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0 14,0 16,0 Dry Matter Intake 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 Digestible Crude Protein 12,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00 Sorghum Pearl millet Maize Cowpea Rice bean Bajra Napier HybridPennisetum HybridCenchrus ciliarisCenchrus setigerusClitoria ternateaSetaria Grass DesmanthusDichanthium annulatum Quality traits analysis in different crops 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 IVDMD% DDM 40,0 ADF% NDF% 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 Sorghum Pearl millet Maize Cowpea Rice bean Bajra Napier HybridPennisetum HybridCenchrus ciliarisCenchrus setigerusClitoria ternateaSetaria GrassDesmanthusDichanthium annulatum Total Digestible Nutrients Relative Feed Value 90 80,0 80 70,0 70 60,0 60 50,0 50 40,0 40 30,0 30 20,0 20 10 10,0 0 0,0 Pearl millet Maize Cowpea Rice bean Bajra Napier Clitoria Hybrid ternatea Net Energy used for Maintenance (Mcal/lb) 9,00 8,50 8,00 7,50 7,00 6,50 6,00 5,50 5,00 Net Energy for Growth (Mcal/lb) 8,00 7,50 7,00 6,50 NEl - Net Energy for Lactation (Mcal/lb) 6,00 6,90 5,50 6,40 5,00 5,90 5,40 4,90 4,40 CONCLUSIONS •Green fodder and dry matter yields were Maximum in Bajra napier hybrid followed by Setaria and Desmanthus due to their multi cut nature. •It may solve the problem - possibility in 2020 to increase the production of biomass with 10 million tons? We need superior genotypes with high yielding varieties of forage crops possessing wider adaptability, better nutritional quality and resistance to insect-pests and diseases. • Production efficiency was observed to be highest in Bajra napier hybrid followed by Sorghum and pearl millet • How much vigourous these crops needs to mature or to reach at 50% flowering stage beneficial for the animals. • Tallest plants with high biomass were observed in Sorghum followed by maize and pearl millet – the more taller the plant better will be its biomass but on the other hand it will be prone to lodging. More height of the plants was may be due to the high input intake by the plants. • Leaf stem ratio was found to be highest in Cenchrus setigerus crop due to its leafy behaviour • Leaf : stem ratio increase was mainly due to increase in the foliage that utilized the solar energy in the production of photosynthates ending in higher biomass production.
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