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Seasonal Flight Patterns of Anarsia Lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in South-East Turkey*

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Seasonal Flight Patterns of Anarsia Lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in South-East Turkey* Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 3159-0040 Vol. 2 Issue 8, August - 2015 Seasonal Flight Patterns Of Anarsia Lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) In South-East Turkey* Feza CAN CENGİZ Mitko SUBCHEV Mustafa Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Department of Plant Protection Bulgarian Academy of Science, 31040, Antakya, Hatay Sofia-Bulgaria [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Seasonal monitoring of Anarsia apple. Previous studies on the biology of the pest in lineatella Zeller was organized in five localities in Adana, Mersin, Malatya and Bursa provinces Hatay province of South East Turkey: Alahan, revealed that the first moths appeared in April to May Delibekirli, Soğuksu and Vakıflı in 2009 and in and the flight ended in October to November Alahan, Döver and Vakıflı in 2010. For the field depending upon the [11]; [4]; [8]; [11]. However, in work pheromone baits for A. lineatella purchased the study carried out in peach orchards of İzmir an from CSALOMON® (Plant Protection Institute, earlier start of the flight - late March or early April, Budapest, Hungary) and home-made sticky Delta was found [1]. In different regions of Turkey, the pest traps of a transparent PVC foil were used. develops 2 to 5 generations [13]; [11]; [4]; [8]; [12]; [2]. Catches of A. lineatella were observed in all of [15] identified two pheromone compounds in A. the investigated sites in both years. In 2009 the lineatella females: (E)-5 decenyl acetate and (E)-5- earliest catches were registered on April 22 in decenol in a ratio of 7:1. Later some more Alahan and the latest ones on October 28 in pheromone components were identified for this Delibekirli, In 2010 the earliest catches were species but none of them was active in field [9]. observed in Alahan and Döver on April 24 and the Intensive field tests in Israel have shown that the latest ones were recorded on October 26 in Vakifli. optimal ratios of E5:10Ac and E15:10OH for Only at the latter site three well defined flight attracting A. lineatella males were 72:28 or 83:17. In periods, most probably representing three addition funnel traps was found to be more effective generations, were observed in both 2009 (end of than sticky traps at high population levels of the pest April – end of May; beginning-middle of June – while at the lower population levels the sticky traps middle-end of July and beginning-middle of were better [6]. August – middle of September) and 2010 Pheromone traps for seasonal monitoring of A. (beginning-middle of May – end of July, lineatella have already been used in different beginning of August – beginning-middle of countries where the pest occurs, e.g. Czech Reublic September and middle of September – end of [7], Bulgaria [5], Greece [3] etc. In Turkey results of October). In the rest of the sites such periods such monitoring were reported for Bursa province, were not so well defined – it seems that the first Thrace region of Turkey [8], Adana and Mersin and second generation overlapped while the third provinces, South-East Turkey [12]; [11]; [4] and İzmir one was more or less well defined. and Aydın provinces, Aegean region of Turkey [1]. The goal of our investigations was to establish the Keywords—Anarsia lineatella; Gelechiidae; patterns of the seasonal flight of A. lineatella in few pheromone traps; seasonal flight; Hatay; Turkey localities in Hatay, east Mediterranean Turkey. II. Materials and methods Sex pheromone baits for A. lineatella were I. INTRODUCTION ® Anarsia lineatella Z. is an orchard pest distributed purchased from CSALOMON (Plant Protection in West Europe, Mediterraneans, North Africa, Asia Institute, Budapest, Hungary). For the field work we minor, Near East, Iran, India, Australia and North used home-made sticky Delta traps of a transparent America [14]. The pest develops two generation in PVC foil with removable sticky layers covered with Central Europe: TANGLEFOOT® (Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA) insect glue. The pheromone baits were renewed at Czech republic [7] and Slovenia [16] and three or four five week intervals, as recommended by the producer generations in South Europe: Italy [10], Bulgaria [5] and the sticky layers – after getting contaminated. and Greece [3]. The monitoring was organized in five provinces in A. lineatella is known as a serious pest throughout south-east Turkey: Alahan, Delibekirli, Soğuksu and all regions of Turkey [2]. Its caterpillars damage on Vakıflı in 2009 and in Alahan, Döver and Vakıflı in peach, apricot, nectarine, plum, cherry, almond and www.jmest.org JMESTN42350983 2147 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 3159-0040 Vol. 2 Issue 8, August - 2015 2010; for details see Table 1. The traps were hung on Alahan and Vakıflı respectively. The earliest catches the tree were observed in Alahan and Döver on April 24. branches at a high of about 1.5 m. The traps were Again, because the catches were found at the first visited and the catches counted weekly. Data on visit of the traps after their installing in the filed we temperature were obtained from the meterological can not exclude earlier appearance of the moths at station for all locations in 2009 and 2010. those sites. The highest catches in 2010 were in Döver and Alahan on May 01 and August 28, at 16,2 Table 1. Localities and terms of field observations, and crops in the orchards where traps were installed. In bold – the kind of the fruit-tree(s) C and 29,5 C, respectively. on which the trap(s) were hung In 2009 only in Vakıflı three quiet well flight periods, most probably representing three generations, could be defined: end of April – end of Locality Date of May; beginning-middle of June–middle-end of July (number of Date of setting removing the Crop and beginning-middle of August – middle of traps) up the trap traps, date September. In the rest of the sites such periods were not so well defined – it seems that the first and Pomegranate, Alahan second generation overlapped while the third one 15.IV.2009 13.XI. 2009 apple, peach, olive (1 trap) was more or less well defined. and citrus In 2010 again in Vakıflı three flight periods could Apricot and be defined: beginning-middle of May–end of July, Delibekirli pomegranate (1 trap) 15.IV.2009 13.XI. 2009 early August–beginning-middle of September and middle of September–end of October. In Alahan and Apricot and Döver again only the third generation was more Soguksu pomegranate clearly separated. (1 trap) 22.IV. 2009 13.XI. 2009 Peach, plum, Alahan, 2009 Vakifli apricot, olive and 40 35 15.IV. 2009 13.XI. 2009 (1 trap) citrus 35 30 30 25 Pomegranate, 25 20 Alahan peach, olive and 20 15.IV. 2010 5.XI.2010 15 (2 traps) citrus etc. mothsN.of caught 15 Ave.temperature(°C) 10 10 Peach, plum, 5 5 Dover apricot, olive and 17.IV. 2010 5.XI.2010 0 0 (2 traps) citrus trees 1-Jul 8-Jul 3-Jun 2-Sep 9-Sep 7-Oct 5-Aug 4-Nov 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul 6-May 10-Jun 17-Jun 24-Jun 22-Apr 29-Apr 16-Sep 23-Sep 30-Sep 14-Oct 21-Oct 28-Oct 12-Aug 19-Aug 26-Aug 11-Nov 13-May 20-May 27-May Date Peach, plum, 5 November apricot, olive and Fig. 1. Catches of Anarsia lineatella Zeller in Alahan, 2009; 1 trap Vakifli (2 traps) 24 April 2010 2010 citrus per site. III. Results Delibekirli, 2009 The flight patterns of the seasonal flight of A. 60 35 lineatella in 2009 and 2010 in the investigated sites 30 50 are presented on figure 1-4 and figure 5-7 25 respectively. Catches of A. lineatella were observed 40 20 in all of the investigated sites in both years. In 2009 30 N.of moths N.of caught 15 the most numerous catches were found in Delibekirli Ave.temperature(°C) 20 – 380 moths against 158 in Alahan, 211 in Soğuksu 10 10 and 215 in Vakıflı. The earliest catches were 5 registered on April 22 in Alahan. Although this was 0 0 1-Jul 8-Jul 3-Jun 7-Oct 2-Sep 9-Sep 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul 4-Nov 5-Aug 6-May 10-Jun 17-Jun 24-Jun 14-Oct 21-Oct 28-Oct 16-Sep 23-Sep 30-Sep 22-Apr 29-Apr 11-Nov 12-Aug 19-Aug 26-Aug the first check of the trap after its installing in the field 13-May 20-May 27-May Date on April 15 and we can not exclude earlier flight, the single moth caught on the next visit indicates rather Fig. 2. Catches of Anarsia lineatella Zeller Delibekirli, 2009; 1 trap that this was the start of the flight. Most probably the per site. start of the flight was missed in Soğuksu where the trap was installed on April 22 and 23 moths caught were registered at the first visit on April 29. The latest catches in 2009 were registered on October 28 in Delibekirli, the site where the population level as presenting by the number of moths caught was highest. The highest catches in 2009 was in Soğuksu on July 01 at 29,7 C. In 2010 the most numerous catches were observed in Dover–377 moths against 263 and 240 in www.jmest.org JMESTN42350983 2148 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 3159-0040 Vol. 2 Issue 8, August - 2015 Soğuksu, 2009 Vakıflı, 2010 60 35 45 35 40 30 30 50 35 25 25 40 30 20 25 20 30 15 20 15 N.of mothsN.of caught N.of mothsN.of caught Ave.temperature(°C) 20 Ave.temperature(°C) 15 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 1-Jul 8-Jul 3-Jun 2-Jul 2-Sep 9-Sep 7-Oct 5-Jun 5-Aug 4-Nov 6-Sep 5-Oct 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul 6-May 2-Aug 9-Aug 10-Jun 17-Jun 24-Jun 12-Jul 19-Jul 26-Jul 1-May 8-May 22-Apr 29-Apr 16-Sep 23-Sep 30-Sep 14-Oct 21-Oct 28-Oct 12-Jun 18-Jun 25-Jun 12-Aug 19-Aug 26-Aug 11-Nov 24-Apr 13-Sep 20-Sep 27-Sep 12-Oct 19-Oct 26-Oct 13-May 20-May 27-May 16-Aug 23-Aug 30-Aug 15-May 22-May 29-May Date Date Fig.
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