Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro Faculdade De Letras Comissão De Pós-Graduação E Pesquisa

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Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro Faculdade De Letras Comissão De Pós-Graduação E Pesquisa Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Faculdade de Letras Comissão de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa DA TRADUÇÃO/ADAPTAÇÃO COMO PRÁTICA TRANSCULTURAL: UM OLHAR SOBRE O HAMLET EM TERRAS ESTRANGEIRAS Marcel Alvaro de Amorim Rio de Janeiro Março de 2016 Marcel Alvaro de Amorim DA TRADUÇÃO/ADAPTAÇÃO COMO PRÁTICA TRANSCULTURAL: UM OLHAR SOBRE O HAMLET EM TERRAS ESTRANGEIRAS Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa Interdisciplinar de Pós-Graduação em Linguística Aplicada da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em Linguística Aplicada. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Ferreira da Rocha Rio de Janeiro Março de 2016 A524d Amorim, Marcel Alvaro de Da tradução/adaptação como prática transcultural: um olhar sobre o Hamlet em terras estrangeiras / Marcel Alvaro de Amorim. — Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ, 2016. 183 f.; 30 cm Orientador: Roberto Ferreira da Rocha. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Letras, Pós-Graduação em Linguística Aplicada, 2016. Bibliografia: 165-175 1. Cinema. 2. Literatura. 3. Hamlet. 4. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. I. Rocha, Roberto Ferreira da. II. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Letras. III. Título. CDD 791.43 DEDICATÓRIA A construção desta Tese foi (e continua a ser) um trabalho dialógico, em que várias vozes dialogaram (e ainda dialogam) na tentativa de construção de modos de se ler o ‘Hamlet’, de William Shakespeare, em territórios estrangeiros. No entanto, duas, dentre todas as vozes aqui refratadas, foram essenciais para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa: as vozes (e todos os discursos a elas relacionadas) de meu orientador de doutorado, Prof. Dr. Roberto Ferreira da Rocha, e de meu supervisor de estágio de doutoramento no exterior, Prof. Dr. Vinicius Mariano de Carvalho. ‘Literalmente’ falando, sem vocês, este trabalho não se realizaria. Por isso, dedico esta Tese, fruto direto de nossas conversas, reuniões de orientação, leituras conjuntas e ideias ventiladas no ar, a vocês e às suas vozes que, é claro, estão aqui mais presentes do que nunca. Muito obrigado! AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, Rosângela e Sinésio Amorim (in memoriam), que, mais do que apenas por terem me dado o privilégio da vida, me ensinaram que o único caminho para aproveitar tudo que ela poderia me favorecer era o estudo. Aos meus irmãos, Franciele e Fábio, e sobrinhos, Larissa, Vitor e Miguel, por me aturarem e, principalmente, por demonstrarem, das mais diversas formas, que acreditam em mim. Ao meu orientador, Roberto Ferreira da Rocha, pela orientação segura, apoio e constante auxílio. Agradeço por ter acreditado na minha ideia e me auxiliado sobremaneira na construção desta Tese. Agradeço também pelas conversas, orientações, atenção, paciência e, sobretudo, pela amizade e confiança que sempre demonstra para com meu trabalho desde dois mil e sete, quando pela primeira vez nos encontramos. Ao meu supervisor de estágio de doutoramento no exterior, Vinicius Mariano de Carvalho, que em seis meses foi capaz de iluminar os caminhos que esta Tese tomou, e que inspirou, e continua a inspirar, minha construção como pesquisador e acadêmico. Agradeço sobretudo pelas doses de cachaça compartilhadas e palavras amigas trocadas não só em Aarhus, mas em todas as vezes em que nos encontramos depois de meu retorno da Dinamarca. À Marlene Soares do Santos, que, nos últimos quatro anos, ampliou sobremaneira a percepção que construí sobre William Shakespeare a partir de aulas, textos, trabalhos e conversas de corredor. Agradeço por ter me recebido em suas aulas, em sua casa, por ter confiado a mim seus livros e conhecimentos e, acima de tudo, por ter me mostrado que certo rigor é essencial na construção de uma pesquisa como esta. À Anne Sophie Haahr Refskou, que acreditou em minha pesquisa e demonstrou, em todos nossos encontros, entusiasmo sem fim, além de um enorme carinho direcionado a mim e a meu trabalho. Anne Sophie é, talvez, uma das pessoas mais competentes e, ao mesmo tempo, afetuosas que já conheci. Tenho certeza que nossa parceria e amizade não termina na banca de defesa desta Tese. A Luiz Barros Montez, que, desde a banca de seleção de meu ingresso ao doutorado, apoiou ilimitadamente o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, sempre com apontamentos necessários e questionamentos desestabilizadores que fizeram esta Tese ir adiante e se transformar no texto que agora defendo. Agradeço também pelas palavras amigas e de incentivo ao longo desses quatro anos de encontros pelos corredores. Aos professores suplentes na banca de arguição desta Tese, Kátia Carvalho da Silva e Henrique Fortuna Cairus. Agradeço a Kátia, sempre gentil, amiga e solícita, desde nosso primeiro encontro, quando eu ainda cursava o Mestrado. Agradeço também ao Henrique, que, apesar dos poucos momentos de contato, sempre transpareceu profissionalismo e dedicação que inspira a muitos graduandos e pós-graduandos da Faculdade de Letras da UFRJ. Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Linguística Aplicada, especialmente a Paula Szundy, Rogério Tílio, Christine Nicolaides, Michela Rosa Di Candia e Branca Fabrício, pela confiança e amizade ao longo desses quatro anos de doutorado. Agradeço por serem exemplos de pessoas e pesquisadores, e por toda a confiança em mim depositada. Muito do que sou hoje como professor e pesquisador devo a vocês que, seja em aulas ou conversas de corredor, influenciaram dos mais diferentes modos minha construção profissional. À professora Fernanda Teixeira de Medeiros, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, pelas aulas e conhecimentos compartilhados, pelo entusiasmo e confiança que sempre demonstrou para com meu trabalho. Às minhas amigas Ana Flávia Lopes Magela Gerhardt, Adriana Gonçalves da Silva e Luciana Leitão da Silva. Ana, já te disse antes e aqui repito que você é, sem dúvida, um exemplo para minha vida; além de pessoa íntegra, gentil e amiga, é uma pesquisadora corajosa e de vanguarda. O Doutorado acabou, mas nossa amizade e parceria continua para sempre! Adriana, não sei o que seria de mim sem você! Amizade que dura desde dois mil e quatro e com a qual sei que posso contar em todas as horas, em todos os tempos. Obrigado por todo o carinho e paciência. Seja em Niterói, Barra Mansa, Volta Redonda, na Argentina ou na Dinamarca, estaremos juntos para o que der e vier. Luciana, você é, talvez, o presente mais valioso que a UFRJ me deu. Amiga de Mestrado, Doutorado, de confidências e de vida, como você mesma disse em sua Tese, “somos a maior prova de que a distância não enfraquece amizades.” Obrigado pela paciência em me escutar, ler e, além disso, por ter aprendido que seu amigo é um pouco devagar e precisa que pacientemente mostrem a ele em que pasta os textos estão... Aos amigos próximos que, desde a seleção para o Doutorado, me incentivaram e me animaram nos momentos de desânimo, seja em viagens, em festas, em conversas filosóficas (ou não) em bares, e que fazem (ou fizeram) de mim a pessoa que sou hoje. Em especial, aos amigos Bruno Chagas, Caio Graciani, Felipe Quinane, Marcus Magalhães, Guilherme Szpak (mas não te perdoo por não gostar de Shakespeare...), Ronaldo Castro, Filipe Lopes, Silvio Gomes, Glenda Melo, Tiago Cavalcante, Jonas Vitorino, Silvia Emília e Alvaro Carvalho. E também àqueles amigos distantes, que conheci durante meu período de estágio de doutoramento no exterior, mas que fizeram de minha vida na Dinamarca mais feliz e que, mesmo após meu retorno ao Brasil, continuam a iluminar meus dias com palavras de amizade e incentivo – seja online, seja em nossos poucos encontros em viagens e/ou congressos mundo afora. Em especial, Fernanda Pinto, Kasper Rune Jensen, Paulo Gregório e Ana Paula Mattos. A Edson Pedroso, que acompanhou mais próximo que todos o desenvolvimento final desta Tese, me dando força nos momentos de exaustão e me incentivando durante todo o período final de escrita, estando sempre presente com palavras de carinho e conforto. Aos funcionários da secretaria da Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Letras da UFRJ, pela ajuda e paciência com minhas angústias, dúvidas etc. Aos funcionários e professores dos departamentos de Aesthetics and Communication e Culture and Society, da Aarhus University, pelo apoio e auxílio que me proporcionaram durante meu período de estágio de doutoramento no exterior. Ao CNPQ e à CAPES, pelas bolsas, no Brasil e no exterior, respectivamente, sem as quais esta Tese não seria possível. E a todos que me esqueci de mencionar por ser, sem desculpas, desligado. Isso talvez tenha a ver com a prática já consagrada de supervalorizar tudo o que vem de fora, notadamente da Europa, aliada a certa desconfiança em relação à nossa capacidade e competência de desenvolver posições e propostas próprias, especificamente moldadas para atender às nossas necessidades e às peculiaridades de nossa realidade. (RAJAGOPALAN, 2013, p. 157) Uma cultura engole, digere e se alimenta da outra; um tempo engole, digere e se alimenta do outro. Como na boa cartilha antropofágica - que sempre existiu mas só foi devidamente batizada pelos nossos canibais modernistas. Na peça que você se prepara para atuar, o pão de ontem não é necessariamente bolorento, tampouco virou hóstia ou coisa santa com o passar dos séculos. Aqui, o movimento é de ida e volta constante entre tempos de igual valor, que NÃO se respeitam, mas também NÃO trocam cotoveladas, deixando tudo muito mais apetitoso. Impossível ser fiel ao espírito da peça sem tocar a alma do público atual. (LACERDA, 2015, p. 10) RESUMO Da tradução/adaptação como prática transcultural: um olhar sobre o Hamlet em terras estrangeiras Marcel Alvaro de Amorim Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Ferreira da Rocha Resumo da Tese de Doutorado submetida ao Programa Interdisciplinar de Pós-Graduação em Linguística Aplicada da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Linguística Aplicada. Com base em recentes teorias sobre a tradução/adaptação de obras literárias para o cinema, esta Tese tem como objetivo analisar duas versões fílmicas da peça Hamlet (1600- 1601), de William Shakespeare, produzidas em um país não anglófono – o Brasil – durante a década de 1970.
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