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Elmo - Electric Mobile Elmo - Electric mobile Sähkökäyttöisen hyötyajoneuvon muotoilututkielma Lahden ammattikorkeakoulu Muotoilu- ja taideinstituutti Teollinen muotoilu Opinnäytetyö Antti Asunmaa Kevät 2010 Sisällysluettelo 1 Johdanto 5. Käyttötilanteiden kartoitusta 1.1 Aihe ja taustat 5.1 Haastattelut 1.2 Tutkimusasetelma, lähdeaineisto ja 5.2 Tilastojen tutkimus sen käsittely & tulkinta 6. Tavoitteet ja rajaus 2. Sähköauto 6.1 Toiminnalliset 2.1 Sähköauton edut liikenteessä 6.2 Tekniset 2.2 Sähköauton historiasta 6.3 Visuaaliset 2.3 Tekniikan kehityksestä 6.4 Rajaus ja muotoilutehtävä 2.4 Sähköauton mahdollisuudet Suomessa 7. Suunnitteluprosessi 3. Automuotoilun kehitysvaiheista 7.1 Koon hahmotus 3.1 Henkilöautot 7.2 Hahmo- ja konseptimallit 3.2 Korin muutokset 7.3 Ideoita ja luonnoksia 3.3 Valot ja ilme 7.4 Muodon jäädytys 3.4 Maski 7.5 3D mallinnus 3.5 Lasit 3.6 Pyörät 8. Lopputulos 3.7 Hyötyajoneuvojen kehityksestä 9. Arviointi 4. Toimeksianto ja toimeksiantaja 4.1 Eero Miettinen Lähteet ja liitteet 4.2 Valmet automotive 4.3 Referenssinä sähköauto Think City 4.4 Toimeksianto Tiivistelmä Abstract Lahden ammattikorkeakoulu Opinnäytetyöni on yhteistyöprojekti professori Eero Mietti- This graduation project is made in collaboration with professor Muotoilu- ja taideinstituutti sen kanssa. Työn tarkoitus on kehittää uusi sähköautokonsepti Eero Miettinen. The purpose of the project is to develop a new Muotoilun koulutusohjelma hyötyajoneuvo käyttöön. Ajoneuvo pitää olla muotoilullisesti commercial electric vehicle concept. The design of the concept Antti Asunmaa kiinnostava ja konseptissa täytyy ottaa huomioon sen vehicle is aimed to be interesting and it is designed with its in- Elmo - Electric Mobile käyttötarkoitus. tended use in mind. Teollinen muotoilu Opinnäytetyön sisältö vastaa projektin ensimmäistä vaihetta, The thesis is focused around the first phase of the project. In Opinnäytetyö jossa ajoneuvo suunnitellaan konseptiasteelle. Tarkoituksenani the first phase the vehicle is developed to a concept level. My Sivumäärä 107 on jatkokehittää konseptia opinnäytetyön valmistumisen jälkeen. purpose is to develop this project further after graduation. The Kevät 2010 Työn painotus on uudenlaisen hyötyajoneuvon ideoinnissa ja sen goal is to create a new kind of commercial vehicle and make it tuottaminen visuaaliseksi lopputulokseksi. Hasteena on päästä aesthetically desirable. The challenge is to get rid of the restric- muotoilun avulla eroon tavanomaisten polttomoottorikäyttöis- tions caused by combustion engines in chassis and car body Lahti institute of applied sciences ten ajonauvojen aiheuttamista rajoituksista ajoneuvon korissa ja design Institute of art and design sen alustassa. The field I’m working on is quite consensual and there are Degree programme: Design Opinnäytetyössäni käsittelemä alue on varsin vapaamuotoi- many technical solutions in this concept vehicle which do not Antti Asunmaa nen, eikä kaikkia teknisiä ja turvallisuuteen liittyviä ratkaisuja ole meet restrictions laid by safety regulations or traffic laws. In the Elmo - Electric Mobile tehty toteutettaviksi käytännössä tai nykyisen lainsäädännön ra- second phase of this project I’ll focus more on these problem Industrial design joissa. Projektin toisessa vaiheessa näihin asioihin kiinnitetään areas to make the concept more feasible. Graduation project enemmän huomiota ja muotoilulliset virheet korjataan. This book shows the fundamentals and the progression of the Number of pages 107 Tässä kirjallisessa osuudessa käsitellään projektin lähtökohdat project. I have looked through the development and history of Spring 2010 ja eteneminen. Oman ajatusmaailmani selvittämiseksi olen käy- the electric car to gain a clear vision of the subject I’m working nyt läpi sähköauton kehitystä ja historiaa sekä automuotoilun on. I attempt to reform the impression of the commercial vehicles kehitystä. Pyrin uudistamaan käsitystä hyötyajoneuvosta ja sovel- and to incorporate and adjust the electric technology to an unu- tamaan sähkötekniikkaa yleisesti poikkeukselliseen sual car category. The finished project includes a 3D model and ajoneuvoluokkaan. rendered images. Työ palautetaan 3D-ohjelmalla valmistettuna mallina ja ren- dattuina esityskuvina. Avainsanat: Sähköauto, hyötyajoneuvo, konsepti Keywords: Electric car, commercial vehicle, concept Kuvalähde: www.sxc.hu, Photo by: Geri-Jean by: Photo www.sxc.hu, Kuvalähde: 1. Johdanto 2. Sähköauto 1.1 Aihe ja taustat 1.2 Tutkimusasetelma, lähdeaineisto 2.1 Sähköauton edut liikenteessä ja sen käsittely & tulkinta Syksyllä 2009 olin vierailulla Form Office Finland-toimiston juuri perustaneen Auton suunnittelun lähtökohdaksi halusin asettaa tiettyjä faktoja, etteivät ne Sähköauto on yleisesti tieliikenteessä käytettävä ajoneuvo, jonka voimanläh- Kaupunkiliikennettä yritetään jatkuvasti vähentää autojen aiheuttamien saas- Eero Miettisen luona. Jutustelun lomassa tuli puheeksi kevään 2010 opintotyö- olisi täysin tuulesta temmattuja. Aloin kartoittamaan tietoja Tilastokeskuksen teenä on sähkömoottori tavanomaisemman polttomoottorin sijaan. Ne kuuluvat teiden vuoksi. Autoilijoilta peritään erilaisia tietulleja mikäli he ajavat ruuhkaisen ni, johon Eero ehdotti taustaani ja kiinnostukseeni vedoten sähköautokonseptia. tekemistä tilastoista, jotka liittyivät suomalaisiin autoilu- ja liikennetutkimuksiin. sarjaan ajoneuvoja, jotka on kehitetty liikennekäyttöön tai ne ovat jalostettu kul- keskustan läpi, tai ajaminen saatetaan jopa kieltää kokonaan. Kaupunkien kes- Tutustuin Eeron kanssa aiemmin vuonna 2009 Muoto 24H tapahtuman puit- Tausta-aineistoa etsiessäni internetistä löysin myös sähköautoilua koskevan Työ- jetus- tai logistiikkatyövälineiksi. Tavallisimmin nämä ajoneuvot ovat varustettu kustoista halutaan rauhallisempia ja turvallisempia, mikä edesauttaa viihtyvyyttä. teissa. Muoto 24H:ssa opiskelijoiden tavoitteena oli luoda uusia konsepteja ja ja Elinkeinoministeriön Sähköajoneuvot Suomessa -työryhmämietinnön. Julkai- kiinteästi asennetuilla akkujärjestelmillä, joiden lyhenne on BEV (Battery electric Keskustat kuitenkin koostuvat pääasiassa erilaisista kaupoista ja muusta liiketoi- innovaatioita eri valmistajien tuotteille 24 tunnin aikana. Eero oli yhtenä ohjaa- susta kävi ilmi Suomessa parhaillaan käytävien sähköajoneuvojen tutkimus- ja vehicles). Aurinkokennoteknologiaa hyödyntävä ajoneuvo on kansainväliseltä minnasta, jotka tarvitsevat logistisia palveluita tuotteiden saamiseksi paikanpääl- jana Valtra Oyj:lle tekemällemme ryhmätyölle, jonka positiivinen lopputulos, kehitysprojektien lähtökohtia, joista eräänä on Valmet automotiven ja Fortumin termiltään Solar car ja polttomoottorin lisänä toimivalla sähkömoottorilla varus- le. Kaupunkiautoilua ei siis voi kieltää kokonaan, mutta autojen aiheuttamia suhteutettuna lyhyeen aikaan teki häneen vaikutuksen. yhteistyönä rakentama 2+2 paikkainen konseptiauto ”EVA”. tettuja ajoneuvoja kutsutaan hybrideiksi. Muita energian varaamiseen ja kehittä- pakokaasupäästöjä voidaan pienentää sähköautojen avulla. Jotta saisimme aiheesta entistä mielenkiintoisemman ja houkuttavamman, Mietinnössä kuitenkin kehotettiin suomalaisia teollisuuden- ja koulutuksen- miseen liittyviä järjestelmiä ovat ultracapasitorit eli superkondensaattorit, vety- Sähköautolla on monia etuja tavanomaiseen polttomoottorikäyttöiseen au- ajattelimme kysyä Uudenkaupungin autotehdasta Valmet Automotivea mukaan aloja tutkimaan ja kehittämään myös muita ajoneuvojen sähköistämiskonsepteja, polttokennot, sekä kineettistä energiaa keräävä vauhtipyöräjärjestelmä. Se varastoi toon verrattuna, eritoten kaupunkiliikenteessä. Sähköauton käytöstä ei aiheudu toimeksiantajaksi. Kiireellisestä aikataulusta ja Valmet Automotiven oman kon- kuten hyötyajoneuvoja. Tein johtopäätöksen ettei minun kannata suunnitella auton jarrutusenergian. Nämä järjestelmät ovat jo osittain koekäytössä, mutta pakokaasuja, jolloin ilmanlaatu keskustoissa paranee. Sähköauto on myös erittäin septiauton valmistumisajankohdasta johtuen, emme saaneet heti keväästä lähtien heti perään toista pientä suomalaista henkilöautoa, vaan keskityn enemmän vasta tulevaisuus näyttää tulevatko ne korvaamaan akkutekniikan. hiljainen. Sen etuna on, että kaupungin asukkaat säästyvät liikenteen häiritsevältä mukaan projektiin. Eero lupasi kuitenkin olla ohjaajana opinnäytetyössäni yh- hyötyajoneuvoihin. melulta. Kaupunkiliikenteessä matkojen pituudet pysyvät varsin pieninä, jolloin dessä koulun puolesta mukana olevien Sami Hyyryläisen ja Ari Känkäsen rin- (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_electric_vehicle) jopa nykyinen vain noin 200km käyttösäde yhdellä latauksella riittää hyvin päi- nalla, että työ saataisiin käyntiin. vittäiseen käyttöön. Tulevaisuudessa käyttösäde tulee kasvamaan, jolloin sähkö- autosta on vastusta polttomoottori- ja hybridikäyttöisille ajoneuvoille. 6 7 Kuvalähde: www.sxc.hu Kuvalähde: 2.2 Sähköauton historiasta Sähkö ajoneuvojen voimanlähteenä ei ole uusi asia, vaan se on yksi ensimmäi- Vasta vuonna 1895 myös amerikkalaiset alkoivat kiinnittää huomiota sähkö- Tieverkoston kehittyminen 1920-luvulla, suurten öljyvarantojen löytäminen yhteistyönä. Maininnan arvoista ajoneuvossa oli ennennäkemätön napamoottori sistä ajoneuvoissa käytetyistä käyttövoimista. Sähköauto ei ollut vain yhden ih- ajoneuvoihin A.L.Rykerin kehittäessä ensimmäisen sähkökäyttöisen kolmipyö- ja siitä johtuva edullinen polttoaine loivat pohjaa polttomoottorikäyttöisten au- jokaisessa pyörässä, sekä täysin uudenlainen akkuteknologia. misen aikaansaannos, vaan se on lukuisten ihmisten ja kehityksen yhteensattuma.
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