I 10000000l IO

From the Divisions.

Metropolitan. the Railway Department with the installation of double leaf boom gates tu elirninatc the “bottle neck” caused The re-surfacing of approximately 40,000 square by the present gates. yards of the macadam pavement on the Prince’s High- way between Cooks River and George’s River has been completed by the Department, and reconditioning by the drag process is being carried out bctween \VoL longong and Unanderra. In the Shire of Bulli and Municipalities of Shellharbour and Kiama, the High- way has been resurfaced over a length of 14% miles, and in conjunction with this work, surfacing of por- tions of the Lower South Coast road was also carried out. Work is procceding on the replacement of a proportion of the decking of the bridge over the Shoal- haven River at Nowra. the decking being attached by bolts, instead of spikes, to prevent rattling of the planks. Good progress is being made with the widening of the shoulder areas of the Hume Highway along the concrete pavement between Leppington and Narellan. Between Narellan and Camden. widening and rccon- ditioning have been cotnplcted, the pavement being widened to 20 feet and a smooth non-skid surface provided throughout by the drag process. South of Picton, near Thirlmere-road, formerly unsatisfactory drainage conditions have been improved by the con- struction of a new concrete culvert. On the Great \Vestern Highway, in the Municipality of Granville, the State Monier Pipe Works have com- pleted their contract for the reconstruction of Parra- matta-road between Duck River and the Granville Realignment of the level crossins at Kinmore on the Subway. At the level crossing over the Clyde-Car- Goulburn--raralga road (KO. 256) in the Shire of lingford Railway, a commencement has been made by M“lWaree. *463oa-A 26 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI, No. 2.

The construction of a two-cell reinforced concrete widening of Lennox Bridge (on S.H. 13) in the Muni- culvert near Prospect on the Great Western Highway cipality of Parramatta. In the Municipality of Dundas has been completed ; and in the llunicipality of SI. and Shire of Baulkham Hills, the Department is re- Mary’s. Contractor L. J. C. Mansfield is making good constructing Pennant Hills road (S.H. 13) bctween progress with the construction of the piers and abut- Mason’s drive and Bettington’s-lane. A cement hase ments for a new hridge at South Creek, which will course is being laid, anti this will be surfaced with pre- comprise a five-span reinforced concretc structure. mixed macadain spread by thc drag process. The apprnachcs are being formed by the Department On the Ki~~g~wood-Mulgoaroad (M.R. No. 154) the by day labour with material from the regrading work reshaping and reconstruction of 1% miles of gravel heing inidertaken on the llighway at Rooty Hill. and pavement. conimcncing 4 miles from Kingswood is at between South Creek antl Kingswood. This latter present in hand. work involves the cutting down of four crests to improve visi1)ility. and \vhen completed. the road will The Castlereagh Municipal Council is carrying out liavc a base of harsh mixed concretc with a hlack top witlening and formation of the narrow section of the laid by tlie drag process. Penrith-Richmond Main Road (No. 155). The construction of a deviation at First Rocks on the Gordon-Pittwater Main Road (No. 162) is being carried out by the Ku-ring-gai Municipal Council. On Main Road No. 164, the Mosman Municipal Council is making good progress with the supcrelcva- tion of bends on the Spit-road in the vicinity of Cen- tral-avenue antl Itla-avenue. and Manly Municipal Council is reconstructing the remaining portion of the Sydney-road on the northern approach to the Spit Bridge. In the Shire of Warringah. reconditioning of the Uarrenjocy-road between Narrabeen and Avalon lias been commenced by the Department by day labour. The existing macatlam road pavement will be streng- thened throughout. and the surface course will consist of pre-mixed niacatlam laid I)y the drag spread IirOcess. As a support for the pavement between Narrabeen and Mona \‘ale. sitlcstones X inches wide will be laid. while from Mona Vale northward, the side support will con- sist of cement and concrete edge strips ; between Ava- lon and Palm Beach. resurfacing of approximately 2% miles has been completed. Further reconstruction work on the Bunnerong-road (M.K. No. 171) is in hand, to complete construction of the road hetween Daceyvillc and the junction with Maroubra Bay road. The road will consist partly of sidestrips of cement concrete flanking the old pavement which is being reconditioned with pre-mixed bitu- I. Old timber rtrurture. 2. New concrete culvert, at minous macadam. and partly of a dun1 cement concrete Kilgowlah Creek. Hume Highway. Shire of Kyeamba. pavement with a central grass strill. Between Mar- ourba Bay road and Little Bay road, i.r.. the turn off Reconditioning by the drag process is also proceetl- to tlie ‘Prince Henry Hospital. the Department has ing between Rooty Hill and Penrith over a length of reshaped and rcconditioned the existing pavement with 4% miles. and whrn finished will complete the recon- pre-mixed bituminous macadam. ditioning of tlie Highway between Parramatta and Penrith. The reconstruction in concrete and steel of The surfacing of the Appin-Bulli road (M.R. No. the approach spans to tlic Nepean River Bridge at 177) within the Wollondilly Shire is now in hand. A Penrith has lieen completed by the Department. consitlerahlr distance which has already been treated, shows a marked improveme’nt in its riding qualities. On tlie Rlue Mountains section of the IIighway, work is proceeding on the cutting of side benches on The Baulkham Hills Shire Council is widening cer- Lapstone IIill to improve visibility. widening, improve- tain .narrow sections of the gravel pavement on the ments to bends. antl reconditioning between Blaxland Sackville Ferry road (M.R. No. 182). antl Hazellrook. and the regrading. realig:iment and On the Windsor-road (M.R. No. 181). between construction of concrete edge strips between Medlow Kellyville and ki’indsor. all culverts and approaches Rath antl Blackheath. havc been rcpaircd prior to the reconditioning of the U’ork is in progress by the McLean Construction pavement by plant-mixed bituminous macadam laid by Company. under contract to tlic Department, on the means of the drag process. February, 1935. MAIh ROADS. 27

Upper-Northern. formation ahd. gravel pavement, together /with thc erection of n single 35 ft. span timber beam bridge Betwecn the twin towns of Twced Heads and over Pine Creek. Coolongatta, work is in progress on the construction of the short section of the Pacific Highway through the double hortler fence to junction with the existing North-Western. work on the Queensland side, together with the erec- Contractor McGee has constructed two reinforced tion of new bordcr gates on an improved alignment. concrete box culverts on the New England Highway in the Shire of Peel, and the construction of a third is Thc construction of a two-cell 5 ft. x .1 ft. 6 in. in progrcss. The locations and sizes are two-cell 5 ft. reinforced concrete box culvert, rm. 35 chns. north of x 5 ft. at 7.86 miles, two-cell 5 ft. x j ft. 6 in. at 13.2 Woodburn, and a two-ccll IO ft. x 7 ft. reinforced miles. and two-cell 5 ft. x 2 ft. at 17.5 miles. The cul- concrete box culvert at yi. j6 chns. north of \Vootl- verts eliminate causeways and have been built prior burn on the T'acific Highway in if~oodbnrnShire has to the bitumen surfacing of this section of the High- been completed, replacing old timber structures. way, which is to he carried out early this year. A three-cell 8 ft. x 7 ft. 9 in. reinforced concrete box culvert has bcen constructed at 27% miles from Ten- terfield towards Glen Innes on the Kew England High- way, undcr the direction of the Tenterfield Shire Council. Three reinforced concrete box culverts have been constructed on the Gwydir Highway at r4.57ni. zr.4oni. and Zj.8h., from South Grafton towards Glen Innes in the Shire of Nymboida. Thc culverts comprise a three-cell 5 ft. x 3 ft. opening; a three-cell 8 ft. x 4 it. opening. and a three-cell 6 it. x 3 ft. opening. Contractor W. R. Saninels is constructing a four- span timber beam bridge in replacement of the two existing timber beam bridges over Barney Down Creek at 6 miles from Tenterfield on the Tentcrlield-Casino road, Trunk Road No. 61 in the Shire of Tenterfield. A comniencement has been made with the recon- struction of the section of Trunk Road No. 64 in the Municipality of Ballina between its junction with the Pacific Highway and the Western Municipal Boun- dary at Emigrant Creek, a length of 2 miles. The work consists of thc reconditioning of the existing pavement to forni a base course, and the construction of a z in. bitnmcn penetration pavement thereon. This is the last section of Trunk Road No. 64 hetween Lismore and Ballina requiring immediate reconstruction.

~ A The Casino Municipal Council is reconstructing the I'ormatnon work on the Gwydir Highway, Boomi and section of Trunk Road No. 64 within the Municipality Walgett Shires. I. The grading outfit In operation. between Im. and Im. 1.056 ft. west. and between 1,860 2. A finished section, 51 feet wrde. ft. and Ini. 3.780 ft. east, with a z in. tar peneratitlg pavement, and hitumen seal. On completion of this A five-ccll 9 ft x 5 ft. remforced concrete box culvert work the full length of Trunk Road No. 64 within the is being constructed by Contractor 1. Reid, at the 23% Municipality will have been surfaced with either tar m.p. un the New England Highway ~n Cockburn Shire. The structure replaces an old pipe culvert. or bitumen. Bitumen surfacing and resurfacing of the New Eng- Tn order to improve the bad alignment on Main land Highway ~n the Uralla Municipality. Gostwyck Road No. 151 in the town of Lawrence. between the Shire and Cockburn Shire, for approximately 4 miles, bridge over Sportsman's Creek and its junction with has been completed by Contractors Rryant and Main Road No. 152. a short deviation of 800 ft. in Buchanan. This complete5 the bitumen surfacing re- length is being constructed. quired on the Highway in Gostwyck Shire and carries A 2 in. bitumen pcnctrating pavement is being con- it on for a mile in Cockburn Shire towards Tamworth. structed on Main Road No. 1.73 (Woodburn-Evans Contractor Bowen has complcted 1.600 feet of form- Head) extending a distance of 3 miles from South ing and gravelling at Wallabadah on the New England Woodburn towards Evans Head. Highway in Tamarang Shire. The work covers a short On Developmental Road No. 1.047 in the Shire of deviation which eliminates two rlght-angled bends. and Tomki, work is at prcsent in progress in connection improves the approach to the bridge over Quirindi with the construction of approximately 1% miles of Creek. 28 MAIN ROADS. Val. VI. No. 2.

I.1 he widening of Tom's Rridge, 12.66 miles from Tractor-Grader formation between Walgett Shire Tamworth on tlie Tamworth-hlurrurundi section of boundary and Moree on the Gwydir Highway in the the New England Highway. to 20 feet between kerhs Shire of Roomi has been completed. the plant having has hceu rompletet1 by the I'eel Shire. been hired by lloonii Shire Council from the Depart- 'Tamarang Shirc Council has completed 5% miles Illell t. of widening and reconstruction on tlie northern section 011the approaches of Main antl Trunk Roads to the of the New Rngland I lighway within its area and 7 towns of Xfanildra, Cutlal. Eugowra and Canowindra, miles 011 the southern section. prepratory tu bitumen the erection of 250 tree guards and 600 lineal feet of surfacing. standard post and wire fencing together with the plant- ing of young trecs, has been completed hy the Horec Shire Council. The construction of a timber bridge of eight spans of Zj feet, and approaches, over Urawildie Creek at approximately 23 miles from Cooiiamhle on Devclop- mental Road fruni Coonamble to Pilliga (No. 1120). in the Shire of Wingadee, lias heen carried out by Contractor L. Sims. The same contractor has also completed a 20 ft. single-span timber beam bridge 25 miles from Coonamble on the same ro;td. Both of these bridges are across shallow crecks which. while norm- ally dry. are very boggy in wet weather and hold up traffic. The Department's (lay lahour hridgc rcpair gang lias completed repairs and painting of the bridge over Reconstruction in bitumen penetration of Ryan-atreet (Gwydir Highway) South Grafton. between Cowan- the Castlereagh River at Mendooran on Main Road street and Nymboida Shire boundary. No. 205.

Reconstruction antl realignment work on the New I

improved includes a portion of the Highway inundated .. Southern. by Five Mile Creek. The old road was paved with On the Princc’s Highway in the Shire of Imlay, the broken stone, with a Telford base over the flooded McLean Construction Co. is constructing a concrete section, but this pavement is now worn out and in a hridgc ovcr Saltwater Creek approximately z miles very rough condition. The road level is being lifted, south of Pambula. The original structure was carried culverts are being renewed, a bad curve at the Kay- away by floods in 1932 and a tempordry low-level struc- mond Tcrracc end is being eascd, antl the new pave- ture has since done duty at this point. At Narrabarba ment will be of brolcen stone surfaced with bitumen. Creek. 20 miles south of Eden. Mr. S. B. Davidson is Further north Contractor Delatorre ha5 completed constructing a reinforced concrctc bridge which will the construction of the section between 6 miles and 9 replace a structure also demolished by flootls. inilcs, and this length is now open to traffic. The pavement here is of fine crushed rock obtaiited from a local quarry. This rock, whcn first brokcn up in the I’ quarry, is comparatively soft and can be readily crushed in the crusher or even on the road with a roller, but after a day or two in the open air it hardens up appre- ciably, antl has given under test a French co-efficient of hardness of 11.2. After being trafficked for some time, the fine crushed rock pavement will be sealed with bitumen. On the Pacific Highway in Bellingen Shire work is now in progress on the “Long Cutting” Deviation about 3 miles south of Urunga, on the “Short Cut” Devia- tion between Urunga and Raleigh, and on the ap- proaches to the new truss bridge over the Korth Arm of the Bellinger River at Raleigh. Tlic two foriner Temporary Low Level Hridce over the Bimboka River on contracts are being carried out by Contractor Caratti Monaro Highway, Shire of Mumbulla. under the supervision of the Council. whilc thc latter On the Hunie Highway. the Department’s day labour is being constructed by Contractors Gam and Jenkins forces have completed the reconstruction of 7 miles under the direct supervision of the Department. south of Gunning, atid surfacing with 85/80 liquid The reconstruction of the New England Highway bitumen has comniencrd. Hetwecn Bo\ming antl between RilcDougal’s Hill antl Deatlnian’s Hill (north !3ooliham. reconstruction is in progress. The fornia- of Singleton) is well in hantl, and tlie spreading of tion and pavement is Ixing brought up to standard with gravel is proceeding. Further north, between Grass a view to bitumen surfacing during the sumnier of Tree Hill and Muswellbrouk (six miles), three rein- ‘935-36. forced concrete box culverts have been constructed, resheeting with gravel has been carried out, atid Con- tractors Messrs. Bryant and Buchanan have corn- menccd bitumen surfacing. On the section between Aberdeen and Scone, the construction of a nunibcr of culverts is king pro- ceeded with (one has been completed) and contractors Messrs. Hawkins Ltd. are delivering filling to the lengths of road which are being raised. The recon- struction of tlie IIighway between Aberdeen Bridge and Aherdecti Lcvcl Crossing is complete except for sur- face treatment. The construction of a 2-span reinforced concrete bridge in Thomas-street, Wallsend (M.R. 217) has been completed. The work was carried out by Mr. Protection work on the suulhrrn bank ill the brrdgc H. J. Thwaites under contract with the Department. over the Murrurnhidgee River at Hay on the Mid- Western HiRhway. Concrete blocks 4 in. thick rein- On Main Road No. mj. in the Shire of Erina. the forced with mesh. road works and bridjics bctwccn Scotchman’s Creek (about 2 miles north of Spencer) and Greengrove have In the Shire of Mulwaree, the reconstruction of I been completed and opcned to traflic. which can now mile of the Hume Highway. including a minor devia- take the very pleasant run betwecn Gosford and Wise- tion, has been completed by the Shire Council. Thc man’s Ferry. The works were carried out under the road has bccn opcncd for traffic and consolidation of supervision of the Department, hut the road will now the gravel by grading under traffic is in progress. The be handed back to the Council, which will undertake new alignment has effected a very considerable im- its maintenance. provement on this section of the Highway. 30 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI, No. 2.

The Shire of Mulwaree is also reconstructing 3 Special funds having been made available by the miles of the Fedcral Highway adjacent to the Hume Commonwealth Governnient for the purpose, the Highway. This work consists of regrading, rcgravel- Department has commenced the reconstruction of 23 ling. the replacing of a number of existing culverts miles 800 feet of the Yass-Canberra Trunk Road (No. antl the construction of additional culverts where j6) in the Shires of Goodradigee and Yarrowlumla, necessary, prior to surfacing with bitumen. Three with a view to surfacing with premixed bituminous box culverts have been completed. macadam. The work will be carried out by day labour. 011 the Federal IIigliway a length of 15 miles of The first stage of the work will consist of the straight- gravcl pavement between the I;etleral Capital Tcrri- ening of alignment by the elimination of sharp turns, tory antl Lake George is heing surfaced with the aid light regrading. the widening of the formation and of the Ilepartmental sprayer with Sj/83 liquid hitu- pavement to standard of 26 fect and 18 feet respec- men. Approxiniately IO miles has been sprayed to tively. antl the construction of gravel pavenient having date. a thickness of 5% in. Numerous causeways will be eliminated by the construction of culverts. It is anti- cipated that the second stage. viz.. the application of the wearing course of hituniinous macatlam, will be comniencetl about September, 1935. On the Gunning to Crookwell Main Road (No. 249). under the supervision of the Crookwell Shire Council. Contractor Hampson has conimenced the coil- struction of a two-span reinforccd concrete bridge over the Crookwell River at Crookwell to replace an existing timber structure which is unsafe for traffic. The new bridge will provide a footpath for pedes- trians. To enable the bridge to be illumitiated at night, rcinforced concrete electric light standards have been included in the design. In the Shire of Gunning. Contractor J. Deans is constructing a concrete britlgc over Kildare Creek on the Goulburn-Gunning Main Road (No. 251). The existing timber structure is in very bad condition. On the Braidwood-Moruya Main Road (No. 271). in thc Shire of Eurobodalla, the construction of a con- crete arch bridge with gravel approaches has been completed over Barrett’s Creck. The State Monier Pipe and Reinforced Concrete IVorks are repairing thc bridge over Cuttagee Iake on TWONIPW strtrctrnrrr un thc Hume HsKhwey. 5hir-P of Kyearnha. the Bermagui-Bega Main Road (No. 272) about j I. Comatawa Creek culvert. miles south of Bermagui. The repairs consist of the 2. 45 degreea skew culvert at 6 rn. erection of four approximately 37 feet steel spans with timber deck on concrete piers. The abutments A deviation providing for through LrdHic has bee!] have been complctetl, and the construction of the piers completed through the village of Collector on the is in progress. Federal Highway, Shire of Gunning. The deviation On the Cooma-Kosciusko Main Road (No. 2861, the has been opened to traftic, and. later, will be surfaced McTxan Construction Co. is constructing a concrete with bitumen. bridge over Wollondilly Creek between Jindabyne and On the Braitlwood-Vueanbeyan Trunk Road (No. Hotel Kosciusko. The foundations for three piers and 51 ), within the Municipality of Queanbeyan. a devia- one abutment have been completed. and one span has tion over Bungendore Hill has been completed and been poured. Between the Hotel Kosciusko and the opened for traHic. A section of the existing road cast Summit, Contractor W. D. McDonald has commenced of the deviation is being realigned and widened. and the construction of three concrete bridges over Bett’s, should be completed by the cntl of January, 1935. The Spencer’s. and Guthrey’s Creeks. The construction Municipal Council is arranging for the old road to be of these bridges will eliminate thrce creek crossings used as a stock route. which frequently stop traffic due to tleptli of water. Contractor \V. D. McDonald has constructed a con- The bridges will be completed beforc the coming crete bridge over Ingelara Creek on the Queanbcyan- winter. Cooma Trunk Road (No. p),under thc supervision of the Monaro Shire Council. The new structure eliminates a creek crossing which frequently held up South-Western. traffic after heavy rain. The construction of the The construction of approximately 2 miles of the approaches is now in hand. Mid-Western Highway from 70 miles to 72 miles February, 1935. MAIN ROADS. 3i

hetween Gap L)am and Goolgowi. including pipe cul- This work covers Iengtlis wliich wrrc a serious o1)staclt verts and gravel causeways. has Ijeeri completed hy to tralfic in wrt weather. antl provides continuous gravel Contractor O’Kane. construction throughout the length of the road in CUI.- cairn Shire, excepting for a very short section at the The construction in gravel pavement of a missing southern boundary. whcre a iicw bridge over Deep link approximately onc mile in length on the Mitl- Creek is 1mpocetl. Western Highway adjacent to and east of the town of Rankin’s Springs in the Shire of Carrathool is well in hand by Contractor O’Kane. (111 the Mitl-\Vestern Highway in the Municipality of Hay. work is in progress on the realignment of the northern embankment approaches to the bridge over the Murrumbidgee River, and the construction of ap- proximately half a mile of approaches on the southern side. The Highway is also being reconditioned for approximately half a mile from Lachlaii-street to the IHay Hospital. Contractor .A. FI. Wilson is making good progress with the reconstruction of about 175 miles of the Hume Highway in IIolbrook Shire near Little Billabong. Practically all the earthworks and culverts have been completed and the gravel pavement is now being put clown. The object of the work is to give very much improved alignment and at the same time construct The bridge over Ten Mde Creek on the Hume Highway culverts where causcways now exist. Two short sec- (No. 2). Holbrook Shire, which has been reconditioned by the Department. Traffic is now limited to the tions now below the high flood level of Billabong centre 20 ft., the space outaide being for foot traffic. Creek will be raised to give a clearance above this level of I foot. The Chas. Hardy Contracting Co. has commenced The Uepartnient’s day labour organisation has com- the work of building a four-span reiriforccd concrefe pletctl about 6 miles of bitumen surfacing on two re- bridge over Jingellic Creek on Main Road No. 278 in constructed sections of the Hume Highway between Holbrook Shirn. The fountlations of the Albury Gundagai arid Coolac, and siniilar work is in progress abutment have been poured. The new structnre will on the same road south of Holbrook. The length of take the place of an old timher bridge which. besides work being undertaken at the last-mentioned location having members niore or less rotten. was much dam- is II miles 2,000 feet, commencing about 1% miles aged by the 1931 and suhequent floods. south of Holbrook. Contractor U‘. A. Winnett is proceeding with the construction of a two-span reinforced concrctc bridge over Rillahong Creek. about 1292 miles north of Hol- brook on thc Hume Highway. In the Shire of Demondrille a length of 3 miles of reconstruction with decomposed granite pavement 20 feet wide. including realignment and regrading antl the provision of concrete pipe culverts. between 12 and 15% miles easterly from Jugiong on the IIume High- way, has been completed by the Department’s day labour organisation. A comnieiicenient has been madc by Contractor L. : G. Bucknel1 with the construction of two reinforced 1;::; concrete bridges, one of threc spans totalling 71 feet 7 in length antl the other of seven spans totalling 167 Department’s plant being shifted on thc HJne Highway, feet in length over Trigalong Creek on Trunk Road Shire of Holbrook. No. 57 in the Shire of Narraburra. a little north of Temora. This creek has previously held up traffic during rains and has always presented consitlrrable The construction of a tiinlrer heam bridge, com- difficulty owing to its boggy nature. prising two 2j ft. spans over Genoe Creek af ~6~ miles from Swan Hill 011 the Swan IIill to Balranald The Culcairn Shire Council has conipletetl. by day Main Road (No. 221).has now been completed. The labour. lengths of formation and gravelling totalling work was carried ont by contract under the direct 2% miles on Wagga-IIolbrook Main Road (No. 211). supervision of the \Vakool Shire Council. 32 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI, No. 2.

On tlie Culcairn-Walbundrie road (Developmental At 26ni. from Carcoar on the Carcoar-Cowra section Hoad No. IOI~),Mr. C. Snell, under contract with the of the Mid-Western Highway, in the Shire of Wau- Culcairn Shire Council, has completed a length of goola, a six-cell 6 ft. x 2 ft. reinforced concrete box 9,515 feet of formation, with gravel pavement 16 feet culvert with a width of 20 ft. hetwecn kerbs, together wide. antl causeways antl pipe culvcrts between 4% with approaches, alterations to fencing. etc., has been miles and 6>4 miles YdSt of Walbundrie. Mr. Snell completed by Contractor J. J. Piggott. has now commenced work on the gravelling of a On the Iiortli-wcstern Highway in the Shire of further section of this road, 12,231 feet in Icngth. con- Marthaguy, work is nearing completion on the closing tinuous with the work describcd above, between 2 of the last gap in the gravelled roadway between miles 2,000 fect and 4% miles from Walbundrie, and Trangie and Nyngan. The length under construction linking up with a constructed section extending to ap- is about 3 miles. proximately I niilc from LV-albundrie. On completion of these works, a continuous length of gravel-paved On the North-western IIigliway in the Shire of Tal- construction from the last-mentioned point to Culcairn bragar, beween Dubbo and Wongarbon, the Depart- will have been provided. ment’s Diesel plant has reshaped and widened the for- mation. Tlie high crown previously existing has been cut down. broad shoulders have been built and the catch and lateral drains re-organised. The section of the Orange-Molong section of the North-western Highway in the Shire of Amaroo be- tween 12m. 1,5X1 it. and Ism. 2,200 ft. has becn re- constructed by contract with the Charles Hardy Con- tracting Co. Ltd. Thc work consistetl of scarifying the existing pavement to form a new base, the addi- tion of gravel, regrading, building up shoulders, super- elevation of curves, and construction of culverts. The work was carried out under the supervision of tlie Council. On the Oxley Highway in the Shire of Gilgandra, the construction of 3 deviation hetwcen Ism. and zsm. 2,942 ft. has been comnicnced by the Department by day labour. In the Shire of Wingadee. forming to standard Dz type cross section and top dressing with sandy loam have been completed over 105 chains on the Coon- amble-Walgett trunk road (No. 56) and 760 chains on thc Coonamble-Quambone main road (No. 202). On the boundary between the Shires of Wingadee New hridnrs in the Central Wrstern Divis~on. and Coonabarabran, a timber beam bridge of seven I. Teridgerie Creek Bridge on the road from Coonamble to 30 ft. spans and a width of 16 ft. between kerhs, to- Baradine. gether with approaches, has been completed Over Terid- 2. Urawilkie Creek Bridge on the road from Coonamble to gerie Creek at 30m. from Coonamlile on the Coonamble- Pilliga. Baradine Main Road (No. 129). by contract between tlie Wingadee Shire Council and L. Dclatorre. This A commencement has been made with the construc- bridge replaces an ope’n creek crossing at which traffic tion of a 20 ft. span timber beam bridge over a wash- was often previously held up for a cousidcrable time. out on Developmental Road (No. I 146), Moulamein In the Municipality of M’arren, work is in progress to Nacurrie, at 7,TL miles from Moulamein. The work on the putting in order of tlie main roads under special is being carried out under contract to the Wakool agrectnent entered into between the Municipal Council Shire Council. and the Department. Warren is situated on a black soil plain and the Council has been furthcr handi- capped by the small amount of funds which could be Central-Western. devoted to road purposes and the necessity for main- taining two large tinibcr bridges. Under special agree- In the Municipality of Cowra, a section ot 85 chains ment, the Department is making an increxed contri- of the Mid-Western Highway has been reshaped and butioti and the work at present in hand will ensure an resheeted with gravcl by contract between Council and all-weather communication from Lliarren to the North- A. Bryant, the work including the construction of a western Highway at Nevertire. Tlie notorious Red 3. ft. x I ft. precast concrete box culvert. This scc- Hill on the Warren-Nevertire road (M.R. No. 202) tion has also been surfaced with bitumen. is to he formed, loamed and gravelled. February, 1935. MAIN ROADS. 33 Unusual Culvert Outlet. A ncw culvert, at 14 miles, on the Hume Highway, Kyeamba Shire. An unusual type of outlet was adopted in view of the very friable soil at the location concerned and the danger of further heavy scour, as is apparent in the view of the original inadequate pipes. The water from the outlet is dischargcd finally into the side of the scoured outlet of the old culvert, as shown in the third picture, and at the foot of the drop is a sniall stillhg pool to break the velocitv of the water, thus dissipating energy and preventing further scour. The dimensions of the stilling pool are approximately 4 ft. x 3 ft. x I ft. in depth.

Expenditure from 1st July, 1934 to 31st December, 1934.

Expenditure Expenditure Total Experiditwe from Id.lulv, r934 for Quarterending from 1st July, 1934, to gothSeptember, ,934 3r-t December, 1934. to 315t December, 1934.

I s. d. COUNTY01: CUXBERLANDMAIN RoaDs FUND^- Construction of Roads and Bridges ...... 25.027 '4 2 Cost of Land Resumptions ...... 4,425 I 5 Maintenance of Roads and Bridges ...... 65,104 17 7 Repayment of Loans ...... 26.724 o 9 Survey, Design. Supervision and Administration ...... 7.772 Io 2

Totals ...... 129,054 4 I COUNTRYMAIN KOADSFUND- Construction of Roads and Bridges, including l

Totals ...... 393.450 14 0 DEVZLOPWENIALROADS FIJND- Construction of Roads and Bridges ...... 56,007 I I o 68.744 1.5 5 Surv y, Design, Supervision and Administration ...... 2,131 17 II 3.389 8 4 Repayment of Loans ...... 10,503 13 7 10,502 17 o hliscellaneous ...... 12 19 9 196 I IO

Totals ...... 68,689 2 3 82,833 2 7 151,522 4 I0 SLIMMARY .4LL FUNDS. I Construction of Roads and Bridges, including Resumptions ___ 218,4.j0 .j 3 513,'97 19 9 Maintenance of Roads and Bridges ...... 274,324 12 8 593,115 5 6 Repayment of Loans ...... 63,438 19 9 217.870 IO 8 Survey. Design, Supcrvision and Administration ...... j1,g60 12 6 70.682 19 I Miscellaneous ...... "'I 3,019 8,471 8 II GRANDTOTAL Roan VUNDS ...... 591.194 0 4 812.144 3 7 1- 1,403,338 3 11 SYDNEY HARROURBRIDGE .4CCOVX+- Administration ...... '50 0 0 I50 0 0 300 o 0 Toll Collection ...... 1,774 lY 7 2.008 IO 3 3.783 9 IO Maintenance ...... 4.907 I 8 6.312 3 3 11.249 4 11 Interest., ...... 63,135 o o 74.865 0 U 13S.000 o o Sinking Fund ...... Exchange ...... t.. ... 11.865 o o 11,865 o o 23.730 0 0 Maintenance of Properties, etc...... , 285 I IO 118 II 2' 166 IO 8 Totals ...... I 82,117 3 I

* Credit 34 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI. No. 2. Mixed-in- place Pavement. BY ALFREDSTEPHEN, Engineer to the Canobolas Shire Council. HE reconstruction of that portion of the North- The traffic between Shadforth and Orangs consists, western Highway (No. 7) hetween Shadforth it should be explained, mainly of fast through pneu- T atid Orangc. which was cotnpleted in Junr. 1934, matic-tyred traffic, hut there is also a considerable antl which was carried out by the utilisation of the volume of heavy local traffic to the many small gold original water-hound macadatn pavcment as a base mining plants roundabout. The district is, moreover, course after strengthening. and the superimposition of closely settled and quite a number of narrow iron-tyred P. wearing- course of mixed-in-place bituminous mac- horse-drawn vehicles, carrying chaff and potatoes. use adam. afiords an interesting example of this method this road continuously. The work has heen carried and what can he done by means of it. The following cut in three separate sections spread over three years, notes on the procedure adopted antl the experience but the methods adopted in each casc were sulistaiitially gained will therefore, it is hoped, be of value to the same. The total cat of the reconstructicm was others who may have sections of road under their i22.285. charge where similar wcrk would be suitahle. Formation and Reconstruction of Existing Road. The first action was to scarify the existing pave- nicnt antl to distribute its materials in a uniform thick- Pess in accordance with the correct cross section. This

Portion of the water hound macadam hiisecourm.

surface was then thoroughly watered ani1 rolled, the Broken stone before and after tarring result being an even consolidated thickness of old stone of about 2 inchss. To this was added a layer The distance between Shadforth antl Orange (Muiii- of new broken stone of z inches or 3 inches gauge to cipal Iiountlary) is slightly over 6 miles. The country ling the total consolidated thickness of the base passcd through is of an easy undulating character, course tn 5 inches. The new material was matcrcd prone to seepage. so that the clay flats which portion and lightly rolled after which the pavement was tested of the IIighway travcrscs do not form a good sub- for any irregularities in grade and cross section by grade. Rcfore the work which it is the ollject of this using templates and boning rods. When a satisfactory articlc to describe was commenced tlie hulk cf the contour had been obtained, the whole pavement was rolled again once. length under consideration was paved with ;1 layer of basalt of all sizes up to -1. inches gauge, surfaced After watering again lightly antl while the metal with granite and ridge gravel. This had its greatest was still wct. ridge gravel of a good hinditig quality thickness and consolidation in the centre of tht: road. was spread evenly over the surface in the proportion It was the purposc of the new construction to form, of I cubic yard per TOO lineal feet of 1-inch thickness with this material. after scarification. reshaping. and of ncw loose stone. The gravel was watered. and. atltlitioii of new material, a pavetneiit 18 feet wide when sufficiently dry. well rolled so as to conipact tlie consisting of a bast course of 5 inches consolidatcc1 stone antl partially fill thc voids. Any gravel remain- thickness of macatlam and a surface course. 2 inches ing on the top was brsomeci so that the stone showed thick, of miseti-in-place bituminous macadam. freely and no gravel remained on the surface.

\ February. 1935. MAIN ROADS. 35

Screemings of %-in. to %-in. gauge were then in. come back on the left side and turn the stone in, spread at the rate of 4 cubic yards per IOO lined feet, come down again on the right side and turn the stone broomed. watered and rolled continuously until con- in, come back on the left side and turn the stone in, solidation was effected. Where necessary. screenings come down tlie centre and turn the stone to the left, were applied in two operations and followed by an come back a little to the left of the ccntre and turn application of %-in. gauge screenings at the rate of the last windrow back tow-ards the centre (this is thc $5 cubic yard per 100 lineal feet. only opportunity of turning the centre), come down on the right just inside the right outsidc windrow and As the continual watering and rolling brought the grade to the centre, come back on the left just inside mud of the gravel to the surface, the road was opened the left outside windrow and grade to the centre. The to motor traffic and occasionally watered, the traffic result was three windrows, one in centre, one on the drying the mud. which was finally blown away in right, and another on the left, the two outer being (lust. leaving a base conrse with a hard consolidated ahout 4 feet from the edges of tlie pavement. stone surface. The road was then closed to traffic and the by-tracks watered, so that no dust blew on the road which was now recdy for the application of the surface course. I I

Surface Course. One to one arid a half inch gauge metal was spread over the prepared base course at thc rate of 15 cubic yards per IOO feet (keeping I foot away from the shoulders of the road), and then sprayed with No. 2 gas tar at the rate of 0.6 gallons to the square yard, special care being taken that the length of road sprayed could be graded and rolled the same day. The sprayer used was one conforming with the specifications out- lined in Main Road Form No. 94 (revised NoveIn- ber, 1933) and was equipped with a geared-up speed- -Fp I ometcr. In order that the exact quantity of tar should be applied throughout, the road was marked off in sec- tions corresponding to the length appropriate to each tank load. Thus, for 3 typical case of 600 gallons (hot) load at a temperature of 220 degrees Fahr. on arrival (the temperature at which the tar was sprayed varied from zoo degrees to 250 degrees Fahr.) the length for an Is-foot width of pavement was (using the formula as set out in the Department’s then existing standard for tar)- =,. 02 30 loo or 473 feet. ?x 18 9

After the first two tanks had been sprayed. there I was approximately 950 lineal feet of road ready for grading, and by the titile the metal had been turned on that length, the next 950 feet was ready. The length of road that could be sprayed in one day was dependent on the distance the sprayer had to journey from the railway to the job, and the capacity of the sprayer. Foiir trips a day with a Qo-gallon tank were found to be the maximum that could be done as it was not decmed advisable to spray the tar after 2 pm. so that there would he sufficient time to complete grading and rolling before dark. The method adopted for securing thorough admix- ture of the stone and the tar was to grade along the I. Grader. mixing and turning into windrows. 2. Apply, right-hand side of the pavement and turn the stone ing cover. 3. Rolling. 36 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI. No. 2.

The next step was to grade the stone from the win- Seal Coat. drows evenly over the whole pavement to a uniform thickness throughout. This was done by commencing A seal coat was next applied using either Dura- on the outside windrows and grading these towards tenax (section I) or Yg/ioo penetration bitumen (sec- the edges, thus assuring sufficient metal for the outer tions z ancl 3) at tlic rate of r/g gallon per square yard. portions of the pavement. The centre was then graded Tinmediately after this material had beeu sprayed, as required. Several cubic yards of premixed material screenings ranging in size from $$ to inch were were kept on hand to scpplement any patch which was spread over the surface at the rate of I cubic yard per not of the required thickness. For the last two or 100 square yards of pave:nent well swept with 3 three gratlings, the grader was set almost at right drag hroom and then rolled. Traffic was allowed on angles. with the object of planing the road to ensure the pavement immediately after. Brooming, and the a smooth running surface. The surface was then addition of more screenings, was continued as neces- rolled. the wheels of the roller being oiled. Rolling sary for the full maintenance period of not less thm was found to be hest carried out when the mixture two months. was cool and “tacky,” and set harder, for on a very COStS. The final quantities and costs on each of the three ’&’ sections of the above work were as follows:- I ar -1 First Srcfiorz.-~ m. 3,176 ft. (from 155 m. 3,500 ft. to 157 111. 1,396 ft.-Orange Municipal boundary.)

Applyink. No 2 tar half wtdth with machine sprayer

Earthworks, including trimming and con- fl solidating .. . 1...... IL“, Drains and culverts ...... Base course- - 1,540 c.yds. new stone (13/-) ...... The commencement of the lob at the OranRe Munmpal 50 c.yds. recovered stone (3j-)...... boundary. 454 c.yds. new screenings (14,’-) ...... 1,463 I. The mzxture apread. Rolling and watering 16,374 sq.yrls. (zd. 2. Eleven and B half montha later sq.yd.) ...... Surface course, 16,974 sq.yds. including warm day the mixture tended to form waves or show Duratenax seal at 2/94 per sq.vd. and the tracks of the rollers, in which situatinn rolling IZO c.yds. maintenance-screenin~s(14/-) 2,458 was postponed until early the next morning. Miscellaneous (maintenance, etc.) ...... 202 After a compact uniform surface had been obtained, 9d-inch stone screenings were applied at the ratc of Total ...... L6,384 I cubic yard per 100 square yards of pavcnient. This process was carried out in two operations. sweeping This section was constructed by tlie Council bv direct and rolling alternately. the sweeping being done with 1al)our. January to May, 1932. During April No. I tar a hiss or wire broom I-Lauled by a lorry ahead of the was used whenever the weather was too cold to permit rollcr. Sweeping and rolling was continued until -L the use of No. 2 tar. Spraying was done in two %feet compact uniform surface course was obtained. widths. February, 1935. MAIN ROADS. 37

Second Scction.-z m. 600 ft. from 153 m. 00 ft. to Messrs. Bryant and Buchanan were the cor,struct- 154 m. 500 ft. and from 154 ni. 3,400 ft. to 155 m. ing authorities in this chsc, the work heing carried out 3,500 ft.). from January to June, 1934. The contractors cm- t ployed two complete crushmg plants, and mixed with Earthworks, including trimming and con- tractor and grader. solidating ...... 1,333 Urairis and culverts ...... 1,226 Maintenance since construction !as consisted of

Base course ~~ minor patching with bit urnell cmulsion and rezealing. 2,009 c.yds. stone (1213) ...... The section built by the Council was resealed during 478 c.yds. ridge gravcl (5/6) ...... -7 1933-34 summer, using bitumen at gallon per square 417 c.yds. screenings (16,'-) ...... } 2,022 yard. T'rior to sealing, the pavement was rather bare Rolling and watering 22,356 sq.yds. (jhd. I atid open. The section cocstructed by N. H. Jones sq.yd.) ...... J will also lie sealed this summer. Apart from mino.: Surface coursc 22,3j6 sq.yds. including bitu- patching of the edges, little attention was needed until men seal Z/IO+ per sq.yd. and mainten- ance screenings 7 c.yds. (15/6), and 15 c.yds. (15/9) ...... 3,230 Miscellaneous ...... 216 Total ...... i8,027

This section was constructed from January to March, 1933, the work being carried out by contract bv N. H. Jones and Co.

The work jus1 romplptpd on the la-t 9ectron. hence the loose cover.

Third Scction-2 m. ~.qoft. (from 150 ni. 1,100ft. to 151 m. 95 ft. and from 151 m. 2.835 ft. to I. A section of the road eleven and a half months after 1j3 ni. 00 ft. The gap from 15' m. yo5 ft. to completion. 2. The surface texture. 151 m. 2,845 ft. consists of a length of old pene- tration work constructed about six years ago). 5 early in Piovemher, 1934; when fairly extensive ravel- Earthworks, including trimming and con- ling took place for several hundred fcrt at approxi- solidation ...... 1,067 mately 154 m. 3,400 ft. The pavement on this sec- Drains and culverts ...... 714 tion generally does not appear to be very strongly Base Course- bound, and for that reeson a new seal will he put on 3.500 c.yds. broken stone (IZ,/'IO) ...... 747 c.yds. gravel (8/7) ...... at 0.4 gallon per square yard, with aggregate, in two ... applications. In this way, it is hoped to build up a 398 c.yds. screenings (13j6) ...... tough impervious skin with greater thickness than the Rolling and watering 2j,6oo sq.yds. (I&L sq.yd.) ...... usual seal in order to protect the tar. Surface course 25,600 sq.yds. including bitu- The conclusions which appear to emerge from this men seal (2/3$ per sq.yd.) and 26 c.yds work are that while a first-class riding pavement can maintenance screenings (12/3 c.yd.) ... 2,976 be produced from the mixed-in-place process. some- Miscellaneous (maintenance, etc.) ...... 245 thing stronger than the tar utilised is desirable to bind the wearing course together, at least in a situation Total ...... *...... A7374 - where seepage in the subgrade occurs. 45302-c 38 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI, No. 2. The Bridging Policy of the Department of Main Roads. (An address by the CO.MMISSIONER FOR MAIN ROADS on the occasion of the @cia1 opening (,/the bridge mer Terranora Creek at Boyd’s Bajl, 12th December, 1934).

MEIi in 1925 the Main Roads Board came were crosSed by ferry at !he commencement of the into being, there existed between Sydney and Main Roads Board’s operatlons. The total cost of the W Tweed Heads no less than thirteen unbridgetl bridges already completed and those in hand amounts strmnis which had to be crossed by ferry. Two of to f133,2j2. these were located on the old Northern road between Windsor atid \Vollombi, but with the opening of the So far as the remaining five are concerned, surveys Hornsby-Gosford section of the Pacific Highway one are in progress for structures to span the Hunter modern ferry service replaced the two previously in River at Hexham and the Manning River in the use. North of Newcastle there were eleven ferries in vicinity of Taree-Tinonee, so that when financial and operation, and the Board set to urork in an endeavour. other circntnstances permit, these works may be autho- so far as available funds would permit. to eliminate rised. So far as concerns the Hastings River at Black-

‘The Boyds Bay Bridge the day of the official opening 12th Dec., 1934. these in favour of hridges. Negotiations regarding the man’s Point, the Clarence River at Harwood. and the replacement of the LTrunga ferry on the Belli~iger Richniontl River at Burns Point. it has not yet been River had been carried well forward when arrange- practicable to take action. ments were made hy which the bridge was constructed as a “Natioual IVork.” Of the ten remaining crossings. Regarding- the bridge about which we are particu- that over the Nambucca River at Macksville has been larly concerned to-day, I would say that a preliminary bridged. whilst structures are in process of erection survey of the site was made in 1927 by the then over the Bellinger River at Raleigh. the north arm of engineer to the Tweed Shire Council. It was not the Clarence River at Mororo. and the Tweed River at possible at that time. however. to finance the project, Chinderah. while to-day we are assenihlerl to open the and further investigation had to be postponed in order bridge over Terranora Creek. When the three par- to permit the preparation of designs for cxtremely tially constructed works are completed. there will re- urgent works for which money \vas then available. main unbridged only five of the eleven streams which In 1929 the matter again came up for consideration, February, 1935. MAIN ROADS. 39 and the site upon which the bridge has been built was the road surfaces and for the elimination of many diffi- selected just downstream from the ferry crossing, this cult grades then existing. For practically five years site making it possible to use the southern ferry ap- the Board had concentrated on these essentials and proach road to the maximum possible extent, whilst then had been able to devote more attention to the giving satisfactory approach curves on the north. laying of improved types of pavement where the roads had been definitely placed in their permanent location. The maximum depth of water at L.W.O.S.T. at this site is IO feet. Extensive boring revealed from 30 feet While much still remained to be done, a stage had to 40 feet of sand, soft clay, etc., overlying soft rock been reached in I932 when it became apparent that the conditions which indicated the need for pile founda- Councils, on the then ruling rates of assistance, could tions and short spans. The requirements of the De- not possibly meet their proportion of the cost of bridg- partment of Navigation called for one span having ing open crossings or replacing worn-out structures. 45 feet horizontal clearance and 30 feet vertical clear- The greater number of bridges had been built of ance above H.W.O.S.T. Owing to the comparatively timber, and varied in age from forty to sixty years. low vertical clearance required, a vertical lift was On one occasion, travelling over 34 miles of road, I fouqd to be the most economical type of moving span, noted three bridges which had passed ont of use, and and this has. been adopted. The total length of struc- traffic had been compelled to ford streams if and when ture required to provide adequate waterway was deter- those streams were fordable. It was found that the mined at 474 feet : hence the bridge was designed with particular Council concerned could not possibly finance twelve 35-feet R.S.J. spans and one vertical lift span one-half the cost of these bridges, and with the con- 54 feet from centre to centre of piers, providing 45 stitution of the present Department to take the place of the original Main Roads Board, it was deemed advis- feet clear opening for shipping. A clearance of 12 feet over L.W.O.S.T. with the bridge closed is also able to grant greater asssitance to Councils for bridges, provided, which permits droghcrs and other small craft having regard to the fact that the roads had been to pass under the bridge. brought up to a condition when the Councils and the Department could hold them in reasonably good traf- To reduce the cost of approaches the outer five ficable condition. It was decided, therefore, that as rolled steel joint spans on each side of the lift span from 1st November, 1932, the Department would assist have been graded down to I, 2, 3. 4 and 4 per cent. Councils in the construction of new bridges to the from the centre of the structure. Reinforced concrete extent of providing the whole cost of such structures pile foundations have been used throughout, the maxi- on Trunk Roads as well a5 on State Highways, and of mum load per pile being 35 tons. The 35-feet spans providing 75 per cent. of the cost of bridges to be built carry a reinforced concrete slab deck with a zo-foot on ordinary main roads. Since that time there has carriageway, whilst the lift span deck. although of the been a very forward movement in the replacement of same width, is of hardwood for the purpose of reduc- old and worn-out structures and the provision of ing the total weight of. the moving parts. The total bridges where none previously existed, and the policy weight of steelwork and machinery in the bridge is 127 of the Department has, it may be claimed, been tons, while approximately 550 cuhic yards of concrete. accepted generally as sound. 30 tons of steel reinforcement, and 3,200 lineal feet of From the inccption of the Main Roads Board in piling have been used. The formation of the an- 1925 until 30th June, 1934, there have been 531 bridges proaches involved the excavation of 9,633 cubic yards constructed, each having a length in excess of 20 feet. of material, and the provision of 3.000 square yards of all structures under 20 feet waterway being classified paving. as culverts. The total length of the 531 structures is The work was divided into two contract+ 48,474 feet or 9 miles 954 feet, and the cost has been (I) the supply and delivery of steelwork ; f1,254&4. Towards the total cost, the Board, and more recently the Department, has provided f 1,073,369 (2) the construction of the bridge and ap- or 83.1 per cent., whilst the cost to the Councils had proaches. heen fI8I.jz5 or 16.9 per cent. Under the first contract the steelwork was manufac- At the present time the Bridge Design section is tured and supplied by Messrs. A. Goninan and Co. busily engaged in the preparation of plans and specifi- Ltd.. of Newcastle, at a tendered price of f3,538 4s. cations for niany more structures in all parts of the zd., whilst the erection of the bridge and the construc- State. tion of approaches has been carried out by Messrs. Burt, Boulton and Haywood, the contract price being The year 1934 might well be regarded as a Bridge f9.994 2s. 9d. The total cost of the work has there- Year, and the benefits accruing to the public from the fore been f13.5~~.subject to some adjustment on provision of safe modern type structures will, I am account of variations by way of extras or deductions. confident, ensure the support of the community as a whole to the policy. That it had met with the approval Dealing now with the whole question of policy so of the local governing authorities was apparent from far as regards bridges generally throughout the State. the number of applications for new bridges or replace- I may say that at the inception of the Main Roads ments already dealt with and the proposals that are Board the immediate need was for the improving of coming in from day to day. 40 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI. No. 2.

While its policy with regard to bridges had made it the selected men being formed into gangs of six or impracticable ior the Department to grant a higher seven persons for the purpose. Reprcsentatives from rate of assistance for ordinary main road construction, the following Councils attended :- reconstruction and maintenance works, the Councils Blacktown Enfield Randwick (2) natl benefited very considerably on account of the addi- Botany Hurstville Ryde tional mileage of main roads that had been proclaimed. Cabramatta Kogarah Redfern Thus whereas in 1925 there were 1z.840 miles of pro- Canterbury Leichhardt Strathfield claimed main roads, this mileage had increased by Castlereagh Newtown Sutherland 2,053 miles on 30th June, 1934, to 14.894 miles. In Drummoyne Paddington Waverley 1025 there were no developmental roads. but at 30th June, 1934. 2,372 miles had been proclaimed. Of the The first clay of the course was spent in listening 14,894 miles of main roads, 14,266 miles are in the to a description of the process, inspecting the nixing country, comprising State Highways 3,6jo miles, plants. etc., at Rosehill Depot and .Hotany. and exan- trunk roads 2,354 miles, and ordinary main roads 8,262 ples of the Department’s work at various parts of the miles. In the County of Cumherland there are 628 metropolitan area, and studying the various problems miles of main roads and 93 miles of secondary roads, of transport, etc., involved. The Department’s gang totalling 721 miles. Of the developmental roads, there at work on Bunerong-road was then watched for a are 2,353 miles in the country and 19 miles in the time. The subsequent four days were spent in actually county of Cumberland.” carrying out the process. the members of each class At the conclusion of his remarks, the Commissioner acting as the reconditioning gang and taking a turn at requested Mrs. Keys. wife of the Tweed Shire Presi- each part of the work. As the men hecame more dent (Councillor A. W. K. Keys), to cut the ribbon, experienced in the operation of the drag spreader the and in declaring the bridge officially open expressed rate of supply of material was gradually increased until the hope that the new structure would add to the com- the full output of the two mixers as normally laid by fort and convenience of the local residents. It would the Departmental gang was taken. A special point undoubtedly serve to cement the honrls of fellowship was made of explaining every portion of the work. so existing between the peoples of Queensland and New that the niaxinmm henefit should be derived frcm the South Wales. and tend towards improved trading experience. facilities, and he trusted it wpnld bring a large measure The Department is pleased to rccord its appreciation of prosperity to the Tweed River district. of the good spirit in which those taking the conrse entered into the work, and it feels that the instruction received will prove hencficial to councils, not only in - main road works, but also on roads other than main roads. As occasion requires. arrangements will be Instruction in the Drag Process. made for further courses of instruction to be held. ONE of the responsibilities cast upon the Department One such course will shortly be held in conjunction of Main Roads by the terms of the Main Roads Act with the reconditioning of the Barrenjoey road (Main (see section 48) is the development of suitable methods Road KO. 164) north of Narraheen, upon which the of road construction and maintenance, as may be Department is now engaged, and will be attended by needed by the continually changing conditions, and the employees of the Northern Suhurhan Councils. dissemination. for the benefit of all interested, of any A certificate is being issued to cadi Council con- knowledge gained in this process. Following the suc- cerned recording the attendance of its employees. cessful development by the Departmen! of the drag process for laying pre-mixed bituminous materials, a number of Councils have taken it up, or have indi- cated their desire to adopt it. Assistance has been given by the Department by lendinq drags and in- The reconstruction of Main Road No. 278 between structing Councils’ staffs : but complete success with West Maitland and Millfield in the Shire of Kearsley, the process depends on rigid adherence to the details which is being carried out by the Kearsley Shire of operation. as developed by the Department, and it Council by day labour. is now well advanced. When was found that the necessary practical instruction of the work has heen completed. there will be a tar or the Councils’ gangers and me- on each job took up an bitumen surfaced pavement for the whole length of undue amount of Departmental officers’ time. Accord. the road from West Maitland to Millfield. thns pro- ingly it was decided to orgapise courses of instruction viding adequately for the heavy traffic of the coalfields lasting one week each, for gangers or other employees and greatly reducing maintenance costs. of Councils that desired to adopt the process, so that The annual overhaul of the Department’s ferries the men might be instructed in its details and be in over the Man’ning Rivcr at Tinonee and at Taree has the position to carry out similar work elsewhere un- now been completed. and the ferries are back on their aided. Three such courses were held thrring the weeks respective runs. The ferry over the Hastinqs River commencing r ;th. ~2nd.and ~9thOctober. rr)R4. in at Blacltman’s Point has also been overhauled and put conjunction with the Department’s operations in the hack on the run. the work in each case being carried reconditioning of Bunnerong-road (M.R. No. 171 1. out by the Department’s own staff by day laliour. February, 1935. MAIN ROADS. 41

New Bridge over Demondrille Creek.

7%

Ir

The above illustrates the story of the construction of the new concrete bridge over Dernondnlle Creek on the road between Murrumburrah and Cootamundra (Main Rd. No. 243) In the Shire of Demondrille. The old structure con- sisted of timber and was originally budt about 50 years ago. The new bridge ~8 120 feet long. contains approximately 320 cubic yard# of concrete, and 30 tons of steel reinforcement. the total coat of the bridge and approaches being ,t3,09 1. The bridge waa oAcially opened on 13th October, 1934. 42 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI. No. 2.

~ The Grading of Causeways. N 1930. following upon field experiments, the Main causeways in such country is a source of discomfort Roads Board issued a standard form, No. 269, on and inconvenience and often of danger. At the same I the grading of causeways, the means by which the time, situations occur in a different type of country properties of the causeways contained in that form where vehicles are compelled to tr:ivel much marc were tlcduced being described in an article in Ma.in slowly, and the Ixovision of causeways designed for Roods, October, 1930. As was there stated, a number vehicle velocities in excess of those which inay safely of causeways in the then T.ower Northern awl Central be attained on the rest of the road is ohviously uii- \\'esterti divisions were measured and the maxinium economical. comfortalile riding spcctls rccorded ; from tlie infur- mation obtained the standard causeway, containing vertical curves of zoo feet radius, was evolved as suitable for vehicles travelling at zj miles per hour.

Flg. 2.

An extension of the stantlard, therefore, was re- quired to provide for ratcs of travel between, say, 25 and 50 miles per hour. This has been ac_complished by computing the radii required on vertical curves in causeways when traversed by vehicles at speeds vary- ing between these limits to give the same vertical acceleration as that experienced by a vehicle crossing a standard causeway at 25 miles per hour. The lengths required on these curves for different depths of causeway were calculated and the results are shown graphically in Fig. I. The maximum instan- taneous grades corresponding to each speed and depth of depression are shown in the table below the graph, the absolute maximum grade being restricted as in the old standard to IO per cent.

Fig. 3.

From these curves, a causeway may be selected for any given speed (between 25 and 50 miles per hour) and depth of tlcprcssion. The curves for 50 miles per hour are td be taken as the normal case, and are recom- mended for use in flat country and in other situations Since the form was issued, the improvements where such a speed is practicable. In no case should effected to both motor vehicles and main roads have a causeway be selected which will necessitate a diininu- increased the normal speeds of motor vehicles to well tion in the safe speed attainable on the adjacent sec- in excess of the value adopted in the standard and the tions of the road. employment of tlie latter in all situations is no longer satisfactory. In flat country. particularly, the long If the length of causeway requires extending with- straight stretches of good road invite normal speeds out increasing the depth of depression. this may be in modern high-powered cars ol up to 50 miles per el'lectetl by the insertion of a straight section at the hour, and the frequent occurrence of short sharp lowest point of the causeway as shown in Fig. 2. February, 1935. MAIN ROADS. 43

If the depth of dcprcssion rcqnircd exceeds the values given in the table, this may be provided for in Grants to Councils. two ways; either the lengths and radii of the vertical curves may be increased, or a short straight length on Standard Conditions. the instantaneous grade given in the table may be in- N the past it has been the general custom for grants rerted between the vertical curves on each side of thc by the Department to a Council to he the subject causeway as shown in Figure 3. The method adopted I of formal agreement between the two bodies xi11 depend on the topography of the site, and in some embodying the conditions under which the work is to cases on the requircments for clcar site distance. be executed. These agreements have been considered Generally, it will be found that the depth of a cause- and completcd by Councils usually before work has way will need to be made equal to the depth of any commenced. existing waterway at the site, while the total waterway area to be provided is determined from a consideration With a view to simplifying procedure, standard con- of the size of the existing channel. and of the total ditions of assistance to Councils have now been pre- run-off to he expected from the particular catchrment. pared, which will apply to all grants made by the De- partment, othcr than those to which, from the circum- Wherever possible, the grading of approaches to stances of the case (e.g., where an amount is advanced causeways. especially of those having a large waterway to a Council on repayment terms), it is necessary to area, should conform as closely as possible to the attach special conditions. On the understanding that natural surface to avoid obstruction to stream flow, all future applications by Councils to the Department provided that the minimum requirements as set out for assistance and all future grants by the Department above are not further reduced. to Councils will be made on the basis of these con- ditions, it is proposed to abandon the practice of requiring separate agreements-except in the special cases referred to-to be entered into. The notification ‘s of each grant to a Council will, however, state that it is made available under the Department’s general con- ditions of grant, and Council will be asked to advise the Department formally of the acceptance of the grant on that hasis. d-de@ OF eech iertrcS/ CUPVC Fig. 4 These conditions are set out in the following circu- lar (No. 45 I ) , copies of which have been forwarded to all Councils :- When preparing a design for the grading of a deep causeway, consideration must hc given to the adequacy of visibility, and this should be investigated before GENERAL CONDITIONS APPLYING TO ANY adopting any particular grading. ASSISTANCE GRANTED TO COUNCILS The Icngths of vertical curves shown in the graph FOR WORKS UNDER THE MAIN ROADS are for a level roadway in either stdc of the causeway ACT, 1924-1931. dcprcssion. If the adjacent roadway is not level, the length of curve required may be computed from the In these conditions- fact that it is equal to the algebraic difference between “the Council” shall mean the Council applying to the the maximum instantaneous grade for the causeway Coniniissioner for Main Roads for assistance for a selected and the grade of the adjacent road, expressed work of construction or maintenance under the as percentages. multiplied by the vertical curve radius Main Roads ‘Ict, 1924-19.31. expressed in hundreds of feet. “the Department” means the Department of Main Roads established under the Transport (Division of For example, a causeway has been chosen for a Functions) Act, 1932. speed of 4s miles per hour and a depth of depression “the Divisional Engineer’’ means the Engineer in of z feet 6 inches. In this case. the length of vertical charae of the Departmcnt’s responsibilities within curve for a flat roadway, from the graph, is 40 feet. the Highway Division of which the Council’s area If the adjacent roadway has a grade of 3 per cent. is part. sloping towards the causeway, this grade and the in- “the Grant” shall mean the amount which the Council stantaneous grade are of the same sign. The value is notified hy the Department has been aporoved of the latter from the table is 6.20 per cent. Hence, to he granted from the funds under the Main the algebraic difference in grade is 3.20 per cent. The Roads Act, Igz4-rg31, in or towards the cost of the vertical curve radius for 45 miles is 650 feet. Hence work. the length of vertical curve IS- “the Council’s contribution” shall mean the amonnt which the Council is required as a condition of 6.5 x 3.20 = 20.8 feet. the approval to the grant to expcnd on the work The vertical curves described and tabulated may be from its own funds. readily set out in the field by vertical ordinates, values “the Work” means the work of construction or main- for which are given in Fig. 4. tenance for which assistance is granted. 44 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI. No. 2.

I. A reference in any letter or other communication 8. In the event of the works not being completed for from the Department to these conditions shall he the aggregate amounts of the grant antl tlie Council’s tleeiiietl to hc notice to tlie Couiicil of all the terms of contribution, the Council shall provide from its own such conditions as are referred to in such letter or funds any further amounts which may be required to other co~iiniu~iication. complete the works. 2. The Council shall apply the grant and the Coun- 0. The Council shall not, in respect of plant hire, cil’s contrillution (if any) in carrying out the works charge agaiiist the grant or the Council’s contribution for which the same are approved antl in strict compli- any sums in escess of the hire rates approvcd by the ance with any drawings. specifications or directions ap- Department. proved or supplied by the Department. In no case io. Without the approval of the Divisional Engineer shall the grant or the Council’s contribution he applied in writing. the Council shall not, in respect of cotm- in p:iyriient of any fees for survey, the preparation of try main and devc1opment:il roads. charge against the drawings or specifications, or in or towards tlie cost of grant or the Council’s contrihution the cost of any engineering or clerical services, or in the recoupment work outside the following widths of road :- of expenditure incurred by the Council in any work for which prior approval has not been given by the (a) Country main roads which are principal Department. streets of towns--20 feet. 3. The grant will be paid to the Council in one pay- (15) Other country main roads-the width of ment or by progress payments as may be approved by pavement prescribed by the Department for the Commissioner and every such payment shall he the particular location (vide artides in Mnilz retained in the Council’s Main Roads Trust Account Roads journal vol. I Nos. 5 and 9, and vol. and shall not he withdrawn except for actual payment 2 No. 2) shoulders 4 feet wide on each side, of expenses incurred in carrying out the work. and necessary pavcrnent widening on curves. 4. The Council shall forward to the Divisional En- (c) Developmental ro:itls-the width of pavement gineer. cniiimeiicing one tnontli after tlie datc of the plus ahoultlers approved by the Department tirst pynient by the Department on account of the in each specific case. grant. or the conimencement of the approved work. I I. Escept where prior approval is given by the De- whichever first occurs. a progress certificate on the partment to tlic contrary. (which will not mider ordin- form authorised by the Department* and such form ary circumstances be given) the Council shall, in shall he completed antl signed as required therein. stat- respect of any portion of the work which is to be ing the amount of tlie grant and Council‘s contribution carried out by contract call tenders therefor. The respcctivcly which have at the datc of such certificate Council may, without further reference to the Depart- been bona fide expended on the works in respect of ment other than forwarding to the Divisional Engineer. which approval was given. One of siieli certificates on the form* authorised by the Department for the shall he completed and forwarded to the Divisional pllrljosc. a ?clirtlule of the tenders rcceivetl antl rec- Engineer at intervals of not more than one nionth ording the Council’s decision, accept the lowest tender tintil the whole of the works shall have been com- so recivcd. provided- pleted and the expenditure of the grant antl Council’s More than one tender is received. and contribntion in respect thereof have been accounted in) for to the Commissioner’s satisfaction. (h) tlie value of the tender does not csceerl fsoo. 5. Wherever the Department notifies a Council. TI1 all other cases or where the Council desires to either before or after the coniniencenient of any work. accept other than the lowest tender. the Council shall, as soon that the work shall he completed on or before a as practicahle after the closing date for receiv- ing tenders, forward to the Divisional Engineer on the specificd date the Council shall complcte the work accordingly. form previously mentioned a schedule of the tenders received. together with the Council’s recommendation. 6. Every progress certificate shall be cornplcted in and shall, on receipt of advce from the Department as accordance with the Department’s requirements for to the tender to he accepted. accept such tender forth- “Accounting for Esocnditure on IVorks Suhsidiserl by with. tlie Denartiiient of Main Roads” as I)ul~lishetlin the Main Roads iouriial nf Jaiiuary, 1932. and/or suhse- 12. The Council shall. on the completion of any work qiicntly amended. of construction on the developmental road towards the cost of which a Erant is made by the Commissioner. 7. In the event of any item of the work beinq coni- maintain such work in perpetuity to tlie satisfaction of pleted for lcss than the amounts allocated therefor the Commissioner and shall set aside and apply from the grant and Council’s contrihution respectively, annually for that purpose such sum as the Conimis- the amounts so allocated shall he reduced in proportion sioner may deem necessary. to the reduction in cost. and the excess in respect of the grant shall he, at the direction of thc Divisional 13. The Council shall afford any duly authorised Engineer. either refunded to the Department or ap- ofticer of the Department all information. evidence. plied in or towards any other works approved by him. access to Council’s I)ool;s. vouchers. and documents and

~ ~~ ~ ~~ facilities for itispeetion of tlic same reasonably rc- *Mn;ntennnce-M.R., Form 42: Constrwtinn--Y.R., Form 40; Copicj - availnhlr lrom Government Printer. * H.R., Frrm ZT: Copies availahlc frrm Gorernmmt Pr;nter. February, 1935. __ MAIN ROADS. 45 quired of the Council in connection with the expendi- ($6 per cent.) per annum calculated from the respec- ture of the grant and Council’s contribution and the tive dates of payment thereof up to the date of refund. carrying out of the work. 15. Any damages, costs, charges or expenses of 14. In the event of any default by the Council in the any nature whatsoever paid, suffered, or incurred by observance or performance of these conditions, the the Council in respect of any action, claim, suit, or pro- Council shall, on demand being made by the Com- ceeding taken by or against the Council in respect of missioner under the hand of the Secretary of the De- the work shall be paid or borne by the Council and partment, refund the whole of the moneys which at shall not be charged to the cost of the work, and the the date of such demand have been paid by the De- Council shall intlemnify and save harmless and keep partment on account of the grant, together with in- indemnified the Commissioner from and against all terest thereon at the rate of six pounds per centinn such damages, costs, charges and expenses.

Fine Crushed Rock Construction in Gundurimba Shire. BY K. C. COMPTON, Gundurimba Shire Engineer. [The problem of providin~satisfactory roads in the whole Except for approximately 3% miles of undulating, of the lower Richmond Valley has been a difficult one owinr to the almost total lack of auy suitable pavement material basaltic country, the roads pass through level, swampy other than basalt. Near the mouth of the river at Ballina, land in which good drainage is required before any and on the southern bank of the river, there are deposits attempt at laying a “black-top” pavetnent can be con- of sedimentary material. but this is of poor quality. On templated. For the fine crushed rock pavement, the area to the north of the river, the highlands are covered thorough drainage of road foundations is not so essen- by a rich basaltic soil with basalt outcrops, and the lowlands consist of rich alluvial flats. Pavement construction on tial, but on section No. I which has been recently sur- these roads has been limited in the past to waterbound faced with tar, special attention was given to this macadam, which, however, could not be satisfactorily matter. On the remaining sections, and especially maintained under modern traffic conditions. In the follow- along section No. 3, various land drainage schemes are ing article. Mr. Compton deals with the method that has been adopted in Gundurimba Shire to deal with the problem in progress, and it is anticipated that satisfactory drain- of providing a cheap class of pavement as a substitute for age of road foundations will have been achieved by the gravel. The construction of fine crushed rock pavements time that traffic requirements demand a “black-top” is a modern development to meet just this class of situation pavement. and its introduction to this State is comparatively recent. ‘The article, therefore, should be read with great interest by those engineers who are faced with the problem of \ providing low cost pavements to suit modern traffic condi- tions where adequate supplies of rock, and inadequate sup- plies of gravel, are available.-Editor.] OMMENCINC ir. 1931, the reconstruction of existing water-bound macadam pavements on C part of the Lismore-Casino trunk road (No. 64) and the Gundurimba-Ccraki road (No. 148) by mak- ing use of fine crushed rock, has been carried out, and by October of this year, a total length of 16% miles of this type of pavement had been laid. This work, together with 2 miles of bitumen surfaced and bitu- men penetration pavement has provided a good surface on the full lengths of both roads within the Gun- durimba Shire. The original waterbound macadam pavement could not be maintained in satisfactory condition under the Locality Sketch. traffic using these roads. As shown on the iocality sketch, the two roads can, as regards traffic density, The fine crushed rock used consists of a very coarse Le divided into three sections. A traffic census, takec basalt “gravel” of up to about 6 or 8 inch gauge, which at the junction of the roads in September, 1932, gave is crushed and screencd so as to produce material the following result :- which will all pass through a I-inch diameter screen. Every effort has been made to obtain a uniform pro- Section I (trunk road No. vehicles No. 64), 341 c!uct from the crushing plant, as it has been found per day. that the addition of clayey binder, the only natural Section No. 2 (trunk road No. 64), 214 vehicles binder obtainable in this district, after the material per day. has been spread on the road, does not give such good Section No. 3 (main road No. 148), 14vehicles results as when the binder is included with the per day. material put through the screens. 46 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI, No. 2.

A sieve analysis of the average product from this $-foot blade grader, in lhyers not exceeding 1-inch loosc plant is as follows:- ihickness, and consolidation is effected by traffic. As Passing I in. square screen . . . . 97 per cent. tar as possible and convenient, spreading of fine Retained on No. 4 screen , . . . 62 j6 per cent. crushed rock is commenced at the end of the work Passing KO. IO screen ...... 164 per cent. nearer the crushing plant, but with traffic densities The crushing plant consists of a 16-in. hy 9%-in. such as prevail on these roads, the lorries engaced on crusher used as a primary crusher. The product of the work play a very sinall part in the consolidation of this crusher is elevated and screened over a bin and the material. all over-size material is fed by gravity to a ra-in. by LVhile it has been found that watering of the base 5-in. crusher which is set to crush to I-inch gauge. course and of the surfacing material at the time of The product of this crusher is elevated into a second spreading the lattcr gives good results, no noticeable bin. The material from both bins is spread on the difference. either in smoothness of running surface road in such proportions as are necessary in order to or in consolidation, has been found when the fine

Phases in the Construction. obtain a uniform material. As far as possible, the crushed rock is spread dry and on a dry base. IIow material from the second bin is spread first, as this evcr, during rainy weather, every available grader material contains less binder than that from No. I bin. and drag is put into operation on all sections of these A better arrangement would be for all material to be roads. run together in one bin where suitable plant is avail- able. The average daily output from this plant is Up to date, a loose thickness of 5 inches has been approximately 80 cubic yards and the gang and plant spread on those sections which were laid in ry31, and this has given a consolidated thickness of from 3 to consists of seven men and two horses and dray in quarry, one crusher feeder, two engine-drivers and an 3% inches. air-compressor and jack hammer unit, in addition to All of this work has been laid on old wntcrhountl the two crushing plants. Haulage up to 7 miles lead macadam pavements, and it has been found that there is carried out by one 4-cubic yard and one z’4-cubic is no necessity to remove potholes and ruts before yard pneumatic-tyred lorry. The average haul is 35 spreading the fine crushed rock. The fine material pro- miles. Material is spread by tipping lorries and by a vides a smooth running surface immediately after February, 1935. MAIN ROADS. 47 being spread, and motor vehicles experience no diffi- on existing waterbound macadam pavements. This culty in holding the road at speeds of about 50 111.p.h. material has also been laid on moderately well-drained even when there is a fairly heavy layer of loose material earth formations carrying light traffic on by-roads, cin the surface. and for motor traftic, which constitutes about 95 per Maintenance consists of regular grading by a two- cent. of the total traffic, it is found that good results horse grader, and thus maintaining a loose layer of are obtained by spreading I-inch loose thickness on fine material on the surface. Corrugations are removed L? fect to 12 feet widths. during wet weather by dragging with a heavily loaded The average costs of this type of pavement over the two-blade drag, haulcd by motor lorry. period 1931-34 arc as fallows- The fine crushcd rock pavements will be surfaced QuarryinN. crushing, hauling from I to with either tar or bitumen when traffic renders economi- 8 miles, and spreading from tipping cal tnainteiiance in their present state impossible. From lorries ...... 3ld. per sq. yd. observations which have been made, it appears that Blading and watering during construc- tinder the weather and other conditions which prevail tion (including some lirht rolling in this part of the State. surface treatment will become to hasten consolidation) ...... ?d. ,, ,, neccssary when traffic reaches a density of from ZjO Total cost of construction per inch to 300 vehicles per day. This estimate excludes any loose thickness ...... 4d. ,, ,, consideration of discomfort caused by dust, which, up Continuous maintenance by blading to date. is not serious on sections z and 3. and drayging of pavement 16 ft. widc, for roads carrying traffic of As stated previously, the fine crushed rock on trunk from 150 to 350 vehicles per day, road No. 64 and main road No. 148 has been spread per annum ...... from 225 to f40 per mile.

Subject. Date.

436 County of Cumherland Main Roads Fund-Kequicition for the year 1935 under Section I1 of j November, 1934. the Main Roads Act.

443 Reduction in the rate of interest payable on money advanced to Councils by the Department 30 November, 1934. of Main Roads.

...... Name of Amount of Recommended Tenderer. Recommended Tender. Shire or Description. Municipality. 1 %? ,( s. d. Erina ...... 10 Supply and delivery of gravel on Wyoming deviation, C. Brooke and F. Cole ... 1.183 11 I 4.775 CU.Yds. Bolwarra ... IOU Supply and spraying of tar, 23,489 gals...... B.H.P. By-Products 831 18 o IO1 Pty., Ltd. Kearsley ...... 218 Supply of screenings, 8yo tons ...... E. Lowe ...... 550 I3 9 Kearsley ...... 218 Supply and spraying of tar, 76,865 gals., and bitumen, B.H.P. By-Products 3,268 lo In 12.195 gals. Pty., Ltd. Cockburn ... 9 Construction of 5-cel1, 9 ft.x j ft. concrete box culvert ... J. Reid ...... 806 I o Lyndhurst ... 6 tiravel construction on Blayney-Bathurst section between Charles Hardy Con- 1.648 o o om. 600 ft. and 2 m. 4.400 ft., 3.132 cu. yds. tracting Co., 1.td. Lyndhurst ... 6 Constrnction of eight concrete box and two-pipe culverts Charles Hardy Con- 984 0 0 on Blayney-Bathurst section. tracting Co., Ltd. I'anko ...... 1108 Gravel construction between 31 m. 44 chs. and 33 m. jochs. V. Phipps ...... 1,123 13 o Weddin ...... 6 Supply of gravel on- (i) Grcuiell- Marsden section, 3.009 cu. yds...... E. Sewhnm ...... 921 IO I (ii) Cowra-Grenfell section, 3,100 cu. yds...... A. E. Woud & Sons ... 361 13 4 (UI) Cowra-Marsden section, 1,742 cu. yds...... A. E. Wood & Sons ... 230 0 0 40 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI, No. 2. - __ .______-. - .. Tenders and Quotations Accepted--continued. Work.

~~ Name of Recommended 4mouirt of Recommended Tenderer. Tendrr. Shire or Description. -Muoicipslity. 1 %:: - I

Tomki ...... rr3? Construclion in gravel 3 m.-8 m...... M. nougherty ...... Bcllingcn ... 10 Gravel construction of .. short cut .. deviation, 6.206.5 lin. I3. Carratti ...... ft., between I'runga and Haleigh. Marthaguy ... 7 18 m. 75 chs. and 21 rn. 26 chs. topdressing ...... E. Farquharson ... Coonabarabran ... 129 +%in.pipe culvert between ,t m. 300 ft, and 4 rn. yon ft. ... J. Liguezolo ...... Gunnedah ... I1 Surfacing 9,b33 sq. yds. with liquid bitumen and limestone -1 Gunnedah ... 1- Screenings. 100 CO. yds. with liqnid bitumen and limestone, Bryant and Buchanan 2.88~gallons. xvarren ...... I 202 Supply and spreading loam. between o m. and 3 m. I 7 chs. II<. C. Saunders ... Coonabarabran .. 11 Spraying liquid bitumen and primer-(a) 3,420 gals., Bryant and Buchanan (h) 2,2so gals. \\'ingham ...... I 192 Supply, heating and spraying of KO. 3 tar for penetration B.H.P. By-products work. Pty., Ltd. Erina ...... 3.35 Spraying bitumen emulsion 6,332 gals. between .1 m. 4 chs. Shell Oil Coy...... and G rn. 45 chs. from \+:yong. Kyogle ...... 1120 Construction of gravel pavement, 5.750 lin. It...... J. Droney ...... Waugoola ... 1058 Earthu-orks and culverts, including excavation 210 cu. J. J. Piggott ...... yds., 28.7 cn yds. concrete, 28.6 cwt. reinforcement and 100 ft. trimming and consolidating. Jemalong ... viI liesheeting 1 in. 2 chs. on the Forbes-Condobolin section.. Griffiths Bros ... Kearsley ...... 218 Supply of 5.832 tons metal screenings for reconstruction Municipal Metal Quarry \Vesl hIaitland to Cessnock and Cessnock to Millfield. Cobbora ...... 7 Construction and alteration of culverts in Wellingtun- I<. O'Seill ...... Dubbo section. Coonabarahran .._ II Surfacing in John-street. Coonabarabran, I 1,400 sq. yds.. Tiryant & Huchanan. T.td. Wakool ...... II.$ Construction of 3-span timber ham bridge, On ft. long, at A. G. Rurdctt ...... ;A miles from Moulamein. Murrumbiilgec ... 14 Kesurfacing with loam hetween- (i) 41 m. and 42 m. .td chs., 12.t chs...... A. Robertson ...... (ii) 37 m. and 3') m.. 12; chs...... A. Itobertson ...... Urana ... I ;ravel construction between- Culcairn ... (i) o m. 1,700 ft. and o m. 4.580 ft., 2.880 ft. ... J. J. Williams ...... (ii) I m. 0 ft. and 1 m. 3.100 ft., 3,100 ft...... I). Nixon & Sons ... (iii) I m. 3,100 ft. ;incl 2 m. .jro ft., 2,700 ft...... J. J. Williams ...... Stroud .., .._ 111(1 Supply and delivery of shale or gravel, 4,j.pCII. yds. .,. A. J. R. Shoobridge _.. Conargo ...... 3.3 I Reconstruction between LL m. L+ chs. and 2.3 m. S chs.. 1;. Gray ...... fq chs. (Juirinili .,, ... ILU ,Supply and spraying 01 bitumen, 5,610 gals...... ! 13.H.P. By-Products I$> Pty.. Ltd. Wadc ...... IOIL) Construction of concrete box culvwt at 5 m. 2,0n9 ft. ... J. Garnhir and 16. A Olive. Karraburra ... 1006 Gravel constrnction. 7 m. 3,080 ft.-io In. 11,860 ft. ... P. Matthews ...... Monaro ...... 5 1 Supply and delivery of gravel on Cowra-Goulburn section, C. Shepherd ...... 2,080 cu. yds. Monaro ...... 53 Supply and delivery of gravel on Nimmitnbel-Bombala G. Warne ...... section, 1.516 cu. yds. Monaro ...... 1 Supply and delivery of gravel, 1,902 cu. yds...... C.. A. Armstrnng ... I3land ...... I123 [Gravel construction south of Weja, I m. ~,oooft. ... P. Donovan ...... I

DnmareKq ... 0

Windowan ... 60 Wakool ._. ,>, Amaroo __. :::I roo; Coonabarabran ... 55 IVeddin ...... 1013 February, 1935. MAIN ROADS. 49

Tenders and Quotations Accepted--conti%aed.

Work. - Name of Amount of Shire or load Description. I, Recommended Teiiderer. Recommended Tender. Municipality -NO. I

Marthaguy .H.I Supply and spreading 2,632 cu. yds. gravcl in the Trarrgic lioad hlaintencince Collie section. Contractinq CO, T \Van goola ;.H.~JThc following works in the Carcoar-Cowra--T.renf~ll sec tion- (I) Concrete 6 x 3 box culvert at 27 m. 72 chs _.._ .. J. 1. Piggott ... (2) Supply and spread gravel and shouldering, 21 m. I ch A. Bryant & Sons -26 m. and loo cu. yds. maintenance gravcl und shoul dering. 24 m. I ch~~27m. (3) Supply 650 cu. yds. maintenance gravel and 621 chs J. Mackie ... of shoulders. (1) Supply and spread 812 TU. yds. gravel and build np A. Bryant & Sons 182 chs. shoulders. (j)Supply 779 cu. yds. maintenance gravel and re- A. & J. Mackie shaping and gravelling, 44 chs. Gilgandra .II.l The following work- in the Tourau.eanah-C;ilgandra-Collie section- (i) Formation of embankment, 3,130 cu. yds...... J. hliirphy ... (ii) Construction two-sleeper type culverts ...... , 1%'.E. Jvalkcr ... (iii) Supply and spread 2.46~cn yds. maintenance gravel Joseph Bryant (ivr Supply and spread 1,760 cu. yds. gravel ...... I S. G. Hunt ... Waugoola 6 Construction two concrete box culverts on the Carcoar- J. J. Piggott ... Cowra secticn. \Vakool ... I 146 Construction of a timber beam bridgc of three 20-ft. spans A. G. Rnrdett ... and approaches 011 the road from Moulamein to Naeurrie. Carrathool 1017 Earth formation, causeways and pipe culverts ktwcen A. Robertson ... 2% m. and ?il m.. 1.000 ft. on the road from Rankin's <;rings to ii$st& [Supply and deliver Pw cu. yds. ballasting ...... W. Smith and K. Ha 400 IO o Manning, ... IO [Supply 830 cu. yds. screenings ... .__ ... _.. E. A Smith & Son 425 7 6 rConstructing 2,430 cu. ft, of 2-in. bitumen penetratlon Murray & Co. ... 796 r8 10 Harwood 10 ' macadam. 1Supply and delivery of 1,4811 cu. yds. of gravel ... .., Miirray Co. ... 1,296 16 8 Tamarang 7' 1:ormation and gravel construction of 90 chs. between 9 m. T. nowen ... 729 '7 0 and 124 m. from Muirindi. (Formation of 80 chains bctwecn 4.35 m. and 6.35 m., and J. \V. Calderwood 210 0 0 Waradgery 6 1 three 18-in. pipe culverts. 1Formation 9f 160 chs. between I m. and 4'45 m., and three J. W. lackson 34.3 0 0 in-In. pipe culverts. Dorrigo ... 1oRq C.onstruction of deviation from junction with M.R. 120 F. Gilbert ... 7.470 '7 0 towards Yarmen Creek. Weddin ... 1116 Gravel construction betwccn 202 in. and 23: m. from -4. E. M'ood & Sous 1.611 '5 5 Grenfell. Apsley ... I1 Resurfacing with liquid bitumen on thc Walcha to Walcha Rryant & Buchan 439 3 9 lioad section. Ltd. Carrathool . . 1orq Construction between j m.-8 m. from Shire boundary _._ Cafe and Duffy 244 13 4 Liverpool Plains.. 7' 2.000 ft. formation and shoulders, and 740 cu. yds. gravel (;. T. Gardiner 260 18 4 between 17 m. and IR m. Lachlan ... ., "44 10,484 ft. gravel construction with I 16 ft. cansrways, W. Favell and J. Chal 489 i 3 Euglo to Wrrlah. Culcairn ... .. 1012 Gravel construction between approx. Z& m. and .?a m. C. Snell ...... 1,000 0 0 from Walbundrie, I?,IIII ft. Manning ... .. IC The following works in the Taree to Ghinni section- (i) Supply and delivery of 890 cu. yds. ballasting .. W. Smlth and R. HE (ii) Slipply and dclivery of 830 cu. yds. screenings _.. E. A. Smith & Son (iii) Supply and delivery of 6,400 cu. yds. shale gravel ... A. E. West ... (iv) Supply and delivery of 2,660 cu. yds. shouldering A. E. West ... and boxing. Gilgandra .. I1 Gravel construction1 1,100 ft., Touraweanah-Coonabara- I.. Delatorre ... bran section. Monaro ... .. Surfacing and resurfacing with bitumen 6 m. 4,260 ft. Bryant and Buchan: 4 Cooma-Simmltahel section. Ltd. Kearsley ... .. 218 Supply 380 tons 5!16 in. screened river gravel-recon- N. Bailey ... struction between West Maitland and Millfield. Hume ... .. 2 3,400 ft. of realignment and culvert extension ...... F. & C. Carstens Hamilton ... Supply of 6,718 gals. bitumen for pre-mixing and sealing... Shell Co. or Texas Co. Ashford ... .. I 38 Construction of a timber bridge 165 ft. long over Beardy Concreters. I.td. IUver. Nymboida .. I21 Supply of 14 cu. yds. of shale hetween 50 m. and 74 m. ... P. Gilhert ... 50 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI, No. 2.

Tenders and Quotations Accepted-contiltued. , , \Vork. Name of Amount of Recommended Tenderer. Shire or Derrrlptlon. Municipality. I %?

Kearsley ...... ZIR Supply of gravel. 890 tons ...... E. Lo\w ...... 550 13 9 Waradgery ... h Earth formation. 104 ch...... R. Perks ...... 2jR 0 0 Waradgery ... 6 Earth formation, etc., between 13 m. and 28 m. west of J. Stokes ...... y8o o n Hay, 400 chs. Yanko ...... 1ro8 Gravel construction between 31 m. 43 chs. and 33 ni. 70 chs., V. Phipps ...... 1,123 13 o 187 chs. \\"ade ...... 1019 Construction between Dcclbangera station and shire T. Slattery ...... 8.32 IO z hoiindary, 16,703 lin. ft. MacTntyre .,. IZ Construction of 3-cell, 8 ft.x 5 ft. concrete box culvert on W. T. Addison ... 826 I 0 Inverell-Glen Innes section. Wingadee ... 1083 Constriiction between I.+ m. and 45 m.1, 380 It., 101 clis. G. .4youb and P. Gil- 797 0 0 ligan. Urana ...... 1080 Gravel construction bctwcen 5 m. ~,jooft. and 7 m. 800 ft., R. H. Hall ...... 280 0 8 3,110 ft. Kyogle ...... 1141 Gravel construction between II m. 3,231 ft. and 13 m. Caddell Bros...... 2,882 8 6 1,WO ft., 9.2.10 ft. Macleay ...... 198 Constrnction of steel beam low level bridgc, 126 ft. long, D. Stewart ...... 2,588 9 0 and approaches at Perrett's. Macleay ...... IO Supply of gravel, 124 m.-r6 m. south of Taree, 1.5no cu. J. J. Hardy and A. C. 283 5 0 yds. Chapman.

The following Tcnders and Quotations were accepted by the Dcpartment during the months of October, November and December, 1934. Tenders.

\York Municipality 1

ROADWORKS. Hastings ...... I IO & Maintenance by Department's Port Macquarie Organiha- s. d. I1 tion : Supply and delivery of approximately 5,800 cu. yds. gravel between U'aurhope and Apsley Shire boundary- (i) Between 13 m.-jI m., 1,100 cn. yds. perc.yd. 53 (ii) Between 31 m.-47 m., 1,100 cu. yds. ,, 43 (iii) Between 47 m.-gh m.. 600 cu. yds. W. J. DOnOvdll. j 39 (iv) Betwcen 56 m.-ho m.. joo cu. yds. :: j 36 (v) Between 60 m.48 m., 2,500 cu. yds. ,, I 53 Bellingen ... IO Construction of norrhcrn and soiithern approaches to bridge Gam and Jenkins _.. 3,650 3 4 and Bellinger River at Raleigh. Kearsley ...... 208 Construction of approaches to bridge over Wollombi Gam and Jcnkins ... 1,337 17 6 Hrook at Millfield. Supply and delivery of- Upper Hunter ._. 9 (a) 4.noo cu. yds. filling betwepn Aberdeen Bridge and AberdPen Level Crossing. per c. yd...... 23 (b) .4pprox. I3,hoo cu. yds. tilling between 3 m. north ,-]of Hawkins, Ltd. Aberdeen Railway Station and Scone Municipal boundary, per c. yd...... { Hamilton ... IO Re-organisation of Broadmmdow Junction ...... State Monier Pipe & 1.298 0 0 Reinforced Concrrte M'orks. Liverpool, Ingle- 177 Reconditioning : Supply of sand, ycr c. yd...... E. Tabrett ...... 30 burn & Nepean. Hay ...... 6 & Reconstruction work by Dcpartment : Supply and delivery E. Hunt ...... 46 '4 f.0.r. Sarrandera. of approximately 2,890 tons of gravel per ton. Blue Mountains ... 5 Supply and delivery of screened slag. per ton ...... I.. R. Davison ...... 35 Harwood __. io Construction in gravel pavement of approximately # mile Model Homes, Lld. ... 3,452 7 9 in approaches to bridge over North Arm of Clarence River at Mororo. February, 1935. MAIN ROADS. 51

Tenders--continued. - Work. Municipality Fame of Amount of or Shire. Successful Tenderer. Accepted Tender. Description.

RRlDGE5 AND CULVERTS.

Mumbulla ... 272 Concrete, steel and timber bridge over Cuttagee Lake : State hlonier Pipe 8 1.733 10 3 Reconstruction of damaged spans. Reinforced C.oncreti Works. Mumbulla ... 272 Concrete steel and timber bridge over Cuttagec Lakc : Sydney Steel Coy., Ltd ,395 o o Snpply and delivery of steelwork. Imlay ...... I Construction of reinforced concrete bridge over Narra- S. R. Davison . . . . , 2,986 13 z barba Creek. Imlay ...... I Construction of reinforced concrete bridge over Saltwater McLean Constructior 8.173 10 o Creek. coy. Dalgety ... .._ 256 Construction of rcinforced concrete bridge at Spencer’s, W. D. McDonald .. 2,ozI 4 6 Uett’s and Guthrie’s Creeks, respectively. Hastings ...... 1094 Construction of steel and timber suspension bridge over the h?orison & Rearby, Ltd 1,509 19 o Hastings Rivcr at Kindcc : Supply and delivery of steelwork. Rarraha ...... 63 Steel and reinforced concrete bridge over Manilla River at A. Goninan Rr Co., Ltd, 1,18o I o Barraba ; Supply and delivery of steelwork. Barraba ...... 63 Construction of steel and reinforced concrete bridge State Monier Pipe ani 4,256 3 s together with formation and paving of approaches over Reinforced Concrett Manilla River at Barraba (Wcldcd Truss). Works. Kearsley ...... 9 Construction of two-cell reinforced concrete box culvert Beavis Bros...... 512 8 IO with formation and paving of approaches over Kaludah Creck. Cobbora ...... 7 Construction of two reinforced concrete bridges together L. De la Torre 4.982 I3 11 with formation and paving of approaches at 5 m. 1,237ft. and 5 m. 2.9~4ft. from JVcllington. Gunning ...... 251 Construction of reinforced concrete bridge over Kildare John Deens ... __ 1,264 17 6 Creek. Hastings ...... 1094 Taking delivery of stecl and construction of steel and R. B. Haydon ... .. 2,553 12 4 timber suspension bridge over Hastings River at Kindee Crossing.

HAULAGE. Randwick Bunnerong Road-Reconditioning: Haulage of materials- Arthur Murphy. f s. d. Der ton I 14” and 1” broken stonel ...... _.I 10 *,, ,, i+2finesand sand) 09 Baulkham Hills 13 Reconstruction in cement concrete from Bettington’s Road to Mason’s Drive-Haularre of materials to Deoartment’e and Dundas. I Lacal Dept- (i) For cement and sand from Parramatta Goods Yard 19 pur ton. (ii) For 14” and a. metal from Prospect Bins, per ton. 30 St. Mary’s and j Haulage and delivery of approximately 15.470 cu. yds. Blacktown. spoil to mileage 30.7 from the four points of loading- (i) From 25.9 m., per c. yd...... J. Clayton. I Io (ii) From 26.4 m., ,, ...... , . .. 18 (iii) From 32.1 m., ,, ...... 09 (iv) From 32.3 m., ,...... 0 10 Liverpool, Ingle- 177 Unloading, haulage and delivery of materials from Liver- L. M. Edwards I9 burn and Nepean. pool railway station to bins at hot mixing plant at Cross 1 Hoads, per ton. Ryde ...... zoo Unloading, haulage and delivery of coal as directed from M. King & Co. I I1 Ryde railway station to coal bunker at Ryde-Rhodes Verry, per ton. Ashfield, Drum- 5 Reconstruction bctwcen Lang-street and Courland-street, J. K. Anderson I2 moyne and Au- Stubbs-street and Station-street-Haulage of materials per ton.

bflSCELLANECJUS. Glen Innes ...... Alterations and additions to motor garage at Divisional S. Kevan ...... 67 IO o Office, Glen Innes. Sydney ...... Manufacture, supply and delivery of two brakes for each S. & M. Engineers, Ltd. 168 o o of the 4 travelling cranes on the top chords of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. 52 MAIN ROADS. Vol. VI. No. 2.

Quotations. - (Exceeding $50.) Amount ai NO. Of Dpscription of Article. Name of Successful Tenderer. Arcepted Qnotatior I Quotation.

t S. d. Bridge timbrr delivered at Bomaderry Creek Bridge-18 in. dia. E. J. Burnside Er Co., Ltd...... 19017 5 ronnd timber, ,129 lin. ft.: squared, 6,081 sop. ft. Bridge timber delivered at Bomaderry Creck Bridge-Decking, Allen Taylor & Co., Ltd...... 78510 6 kerbing, bolting plcnks, 46,118 sup. ft. Hronze castings delivered as required to Rosehill Dcpt- The Parker Foundry ...... 165 12 6 3,000 Ib. Bridge timber, f.0.r. Breadalbane-Decking, ~1,700sup. ft. ... Marshall Sawmilling Co...... 166 14 6 Steel reinforcement bars, cut and bent to shape. f.0.r. Scone- Aquila Steel Co. Pty., Ltd, ...... 184 0 0 231'59 CWt. Crushed Blue Metal-700 tons ...... N.S.W. Assoc, Rlue Metal Quarries ... 245 o o Premixed Macadam, delivered Spit-road, Mosman-Fine, 270 Australian Roads, Ltd...... 480 o o tons: coarse, 130 tons. Delivered to Glebe Island Bridge-240 tons; delivered to Cleve- W. B. Carr Construction, Ltd, ...... 323 15 o land-street Bridge. 110 tons. Bridge timber, f.0.r. Dapto -.ISin. dia.. 319 lin. ft. ; decking and Eadcs & Co...... 314 18 o kerbing, I4.2oo sup. ft. .4gricultural pipes delivered on road between Peat's Ferry and Castle Hill Brick. Tile & Pottery Works ... 11.5 o o Gosford--) in., IO,OOO lin. ft. Bridge timber delivered at Morpeth Rridgc-6,150 sup. ft. ... W. Dale ...... 83 2 2 Steel reinforcemcnt, cut and bent to shape, f.0.r. JIolbrook- State Monier Pipe Works ...... 61 1.5 2 68.6 cwt. Spraying No. 2 tar-7,ooo gallons ...... Manly Gas Co...... 204 3 4 Concrcte barrows-2-whccl ball bearing, 6 cub. ft. capacity 8 ... British Standard Machinery Co., Ltd, ... 52 o o Drag scoops, 1-horse, 7 c. ft. cap14: road ploughs (about BritishStandardMachinery Co., Ltd. ... 56 15 0 300 Ib.)-3. Drag scoops, I-horse. 7 cub. ft. capacity-Io ...... Noyes Bros. (Sydney), Ltd...... 23 7 6 Hridge timber, delivered at Long Bridge. West. Maitland- Oakley & Ball ...... 1,016 3 2 61,118sup. ft. Galvaniscd steel wirc ropes-$ in. dia. by + constn., 86 ft. Rnllivants Aust. Co.. Ltd...... 88 410 long-16. Bridge timber. f.0.r. Harden-round. 269 lin. ft.; squared, E. J. Burnside & Co., Ltd...... 131 I8 5 3,991 Sup. ft. Bridge timber, delivered at bridge, 6 m. from Warialda-round, E. J. Burnside & Co., 1.td...... 2.36 17 3 izj lin. ft.: squared, 10.106 slip. ft. Ncpedn sand--gzu tons ...... Emu & Prospect Gravel Co...... 306 13 4 Gully grates and frames, standard G.I. double-zo ...... J. Juleff & Sons. I.td...... 52 IO o Screenings. blne metal. delivered f.o.r. Minnamurra-$ in., N.S.W. Assoc, Blue Mountain Metal Quar- 382 Io O 1,200 tons; & in., Goo tons. ries. Reinforced concrete pipes, f.0.r. Woolbrook-18 in.-@ in. dia.,l Hume Pipe Co. (Allst.), Ltd...... I joz I o 2 712 ft -.I-- --. Rcinforccd concrctc pipcs, f.0.r. Woolbrook-18 in.-36 in. dia., Hume Pipe Co. (Aust.), Ltd...... IZO 15 o 1.600 ft. Steel reinforcement. cut and bent to shape, f.0.r. Woolbrook. Wm. Adams Stccl Reinforcement Co., Ltd. 66 4 5 77 cwt. Flags, complete with sticks-150 ...... E. H. Brett & Sons ...... 7.5 o o Screenings-& in., 400 tons; 2 in., qno tons ...... N.S.W. Assoc. Blue Metal Quarries ... 170 o o Screening<-+ in., 400 tons; 2 in., qoo tons ...... N.S.W. Assoc. Ulue Metal Quarries ... r70 o o Sepean sand, f.0.r. Company's siding-jao tons ...... Emu & Prospect Gravel Co...... 101 o o Bar mat reinforcement, delivered to Pennant Hills---I j ft. 6 in. x A.R.C. Engineering Co. Pty., Ltd ...... 50 18 4 q ft. 8 in. each, jo mats. M.S. Ears, delivered at Pennant Hills-8 in. dia. in 26 ft. lengths, State Monier Pipe Works ...... 58 Io o 41 tons; t in. dia. in 3-ft. lengths, & ton. Steel reinforcement, f.0.r. West I\laitland-z3q tons ...... A.R.C. Engineering Co. Pty., Ltd. ... 357 o o Steel reinforcement, cut and bent to shape, f.0.r. Burringbar-. State Monier Pipe Works ...... 52 7 6 67.6 cwt. Steel reinforcement. cnt and bent to shape, f.0.r. Holbrook- A.R.C. Engineering Co. Pty., Ltd ... 57 IO 0 63.9 cwt. Steel reinforcement, cut and bent to shape, f.0.r. Holbrook- State Monier Pipe Works ...... 56 7 6 61.74 cwt. Yepean sand. f.0.r. Company's Siding-400 tons ...... Emu & Prospect Gravel Co...... 71 13 4 Round river gravel, f.0.r. C,ompany's Siding-f in., 400 tons: Emu & Prospect Gravel Co...... 205 o o 11in., 400 tons. Washed river gravel. uncrushed. I# in., 1.000 tons; f in., Emu & Prospect Gravel Co. .,. _.. 529 3 4 1.000 tons. 4gricultural pipes, carthenware, delivered between Gosford and Castle Hill Brick, Tile & Pottery TVorks ... i15 o Mooney Point-3 in., 1o.oon lin. ft. Ballast, supply and delivery-58o cub. yds...... W. S. Pye ...... 87 o o 3est Nepean sand. f.0.r. Rosehill Siding--r.ooo tons ...... Cement Mortars. Ltd...... 300 o o