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Annulatascus Aquatorba Sp. Nov., a Lignicolous Freshwater Ascomycete from Sirindhorn Peat Swamp Forest, Narathiwat, Thailand

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Annulatascus Aquatorba Sp. Nov., a Lignicolous Freshwater Ascomycete from Sirindhorn Peat Swamp Forest, Narathiwat, Thailand Mycologia, 104(3), 2012, pp. 000–000. DOI: 10.3852/11-238 # 2012 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Annulatascus aquatorba sp. nov., a lignicolous freshwater ascomycete from Sirindhorn Peat Swamp Forest, Narathiwat, Thailand Nattawut Boonyuen1 species were Acrogenospora sphaerocephala, Annulatas- Mycology Laboratory (BMYC), Bioresources Technology cus sp.1, A. velatisporus, Cancellidium applanatum, Unit (BTU), National Center for Genetic Engineering Chaetopsina sp.2, Cryptophialoidea unilateralis, Dictyo- and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science chaeta sp.3, Helicomyces roseus, Hypocrea sp.1, Jahnula Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, and appendiculata, Monodictys sp.1, Monodictys sp.2, Tricho- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, derma sp.1, Verticillium sp.1 and Xylomyces chlamydos- Kasetsart University, 50 Phaholyothin Road, poris. The site is situated in an area subject to mon- Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand soonal seasonality, with high relative humidity and Veera Sri-indrasutdhi rainfall nearly year round (2560 mm on average). It Satinee Suetrong offers an unusual habitat for tropical forests with its Somsak Sivichai acidic water (with pH approximately 4.5–6.0) and E.B. Gareth Jones relative humidity, low input of nutrients and lack of Mycology Laboratory (BMYC), Bioresources Technology soil or firm ground for the growth of plants (Anon Unit (BTU), National Center for Genetic Engineering 1994, 1996). Test blocks were recovered at intervals over and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science an 8 y period and examined for fungi that resulted in Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, the discovery of this new taxon. Numerous new species Pathumthani 12120, Thailand have been described from this site (Pinnoi et al. 2003a, b; Pinruan et al. 2004a, b; Sivichai and Boonyuen 2010). Hyde (1992) described the genus Annulatascus (type Abstract: As part of a long term study of fungi col- species Annulatascus velatispora) from submerged onizing submerged wood in freshwater streams a new dead wood collected in northern Queensland, Austra- Annulatascus species, A. aquatorba, is described and lia. The genus is characterized by perithecioid, im- illustrated from Erythrophleum teysmannii test blocks mersed or superficial, black ascomata with long necks; from Sirindhorn Peat Swamp Forest, southern Thai- wide, tapering paraphyses; cylindrical, unitunicate asci land. It differs from other species in the genus in with a relatively large, refractive apical ring; fusiform, ascospore measurements, thickness of the cell wall, 1– septate, hyaline ascospores with appendages or sheaths. 3-septate, fusoid to lunate shape, with central brown Currently 16 Annulatascus species (Annulatascaceae, cells and subhyaline end cells and without a mucilag- Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, inous sheath. Asci are cylindrical, pedicellate, with a Ascomycota) have been described on submerged sub- distinct, wedge-shaped and non-amyloid apical ring. strata (decaying wood, stems of Phragmites australis, Phylogenetic relationships of this species, based on dead petiole of Licuala ramsayi, bamboo) from the combined partial 18S and 28S rDNA, place it freshwater habitats (TABLE I). Annulatascus is a cosmo- in the same clade as A. velatisporus (type species), A. politan genus with four species described from Queens- hongkongensis and A. nilensis. land, Australia and nine species reported from tropical Key words: Annulatascaceae, freshwater, peat southeastern Asia (TABLE I). Two species have been de- swamp, phylogeny, taxonomy scribed from Africa, whereas only one species has been reported from South America (TABLE I). Tsui et al. INTRODUCTION (2002) provided a key to species and a synoptic table of In an ongoing long-term survey of fungi colonizing 12 Annulatascus species based on morphological char- nine timber species submerged in aquatic habitats in acteristics, while A. apiculatus (Barbosa et al. 2008), A. Thailand a fungus referable to the genus Annulatas- bipolaris (Hyde 1992) and A. liputii (Cai et al. 2002) cus K.D. Hyde was collected on Erythrophleum were described subsequently. teysmannii Craib test blocks in Sirindhorn Peat At the molecular level, based on 28S rDNA sequenc- Swamp Forest, Narathiwat Province. This fungus was es, Abdel-Wahab et al. (2011) showed that A. nilensis collected along with 22 other species (17 mitosporic grouped with A. velatisporus and A. hongkongensis in fungi and five ascomycetes). The most common the same clade, but A. biatriisporus did not group with them, suggesting Annulatascus might be polyphyletic. Submitted 17 Jul 2011; accepted for publication 26 Oct 2011. In this paper we describe and illustrate a new 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Annulatascus species with morphological and molecular 0 Mycologia myco-104-03-13.3d 25/4/12 17:04:11 1 Cust # 11-238R1 0MYCOLOGIA TABLE I. Comparative table of the morphological features of Annulatascus species modified from Tsui et al. 2002 (all species listed alphabetically and measured in micrometers) Apical ring Fungi Ascomata (high 3 diam) Neck Asci (high 3 diam) A. aquatorba 310–350 3 390–500 100–120 3 400–480 102.5–152.5 3 6.25–8.75 5.0–7.5 3 2.5–3 A. apiculatus 400–5503 240–410 100–250 3 100–180 175–250 3 10–13 6–7.2 3 1.8–2.4 A. aquaticus 220–600 3 240–600 400–800 3 60–80 150–175 3 10–12 3.5–4 3 4.5–5 A. biatriisporus 195–325 3 390–520 No data 210–260 3 12–17 No data A. bipolaris 155–235 diam No data 174–205 3 9–10.5 4 3 6 A. citriosporus 224–310 3 350–485 No data 137.5–178.8 3 10–12 2.75–3.25 35–5.5 A. fusiformis 170–220 diam ca. 210–230 in high 141–235 3 7.5–10.5 4–5 3 3–4 A. hongkongensis 210–250 3 250–280 140–150 3 35–40 250–275 3 25–30 3.5–4.5 3 4.7–6.0 A. joannae 180–200 3 150–200 150–200 3 40–60 150–200 3 10–13 2.5–4 3 5–6.5 A. lacteus 140–200 3 100–130 50 3 40–50 130–170 3 9–10.5 3–4 3 4–5 A. licualae 77.5–95 3 202.5–460 56–82 diam 88.8–125 3 5.8–7.8 1.5–2 3 2.5–2.75 A. liputii 200–300 3 180–260 250–400 3 45–70 130–187.5 3 8.5–10 2 3 3.5 A. nilensis 400–600 3 220–280 240–360 3 96–112 260–400 3 12–14 3–4 3 5–6 A. palmietensis 150–440 diam 200 3 70 98–142 3 7–10.5 3–4 3 4–4.5 A. tropicalis 250–260 3 250–270 100–50 3 30–50 190–255 3 12–18 3–5 3 3–5 A. velatisporus 450 3 260–410 384 3 140 220–290 3 12–18 7–8 3 4–5 Annulusmagnus 222–353 diam 110 in high 140–218 3 9–14 3 3 5.5 (Annulatascus) triseptatus evidence (two loci of 18S and 28S rDNA sequences) Valeton, Erythrophleum teysmannii Craib, Melaleuca cajuputi from submerged E. teysmannii test blocks in the peat Powell, Shorea obtusa Wall, S. roxburghii G. Don, S. siamensis swamp forest. Miq, Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult, Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) W. Theob, and Zollingeria dongnaiensis Pierre) MATERIALS AND METHODS were submerged in Sirindhorn Peat Swamp Forest, Sungai Kolok, in Narathiwat, Thailand (6.00295N, 101.9571889E). Specimen collection, fungal isolates, identification and growth.— After 2 y (22 Feb 2003) four sets of nine timber species Nine timber species (Azadirachta indica var. siamensis (15 3 2.5 3 2.5 cm3) were recovered and returned to the Mycologia myco-104-03-13.3d 25/4/12 17:04:23 2 Cust # 11-238R1 BOONYUEN ET AL.: ANNULATASCUS AQUATORBA 0 TABLE I. Extended Known Ascospores Septate/aseptate Substrate distribution Reference 15–22.5 3 5–7.5, fusoid to lunate, lacking (1–)3, constricted Erythrophleum Narathiwat, This study appendages or a sheath at the septa teysmannii Thailand (test blocks) 23–36.5 3 8.8–10, uniseriate, fusiform, 0–3-septate, not Submerged Brazil Barbosa et al. with a narrow mucilaginous sheath constricted wood (2008 at septum 19–24 3 6–7, uniseriate, hyaline, ellipsoidal, Aseptate Submerged Hong Kong, Ho et al. (1999a) with a mucilaginous sheath wood China 40–58 3 8–10, fusiform, with a mucilaginous Aseptate Submerged Queensland, Hyde (1995) sheath wood Australia 21–30 3 6.5–8.5, uniseriate, hyaline, Aseptate Submerged Queensland, Hyde (1992) fusiform, with a polar appendage and a wood Australia mucilaginous sheath 22.5–30.5 3 6.4–8.5, fusiform, with a thin Aseptate Dead petiole of Brunei Fro¨hlich and mucilaginous sheath Licuala sp. Darussalam Hyde (2000) (plam) 16.5–25.5 3 6–9, uniseriate, hyaline, 1–5-septate Submerged The Philippines Hyde and Wong fusiform, with a bipolar mucilaginous wood (2000) pad–like appendage 35–37.5 3 12.5–15, uniseriate, hyaline, Three-septate Submerged Hong Kong, Ho et al. (1999b) ellipsoidal, with a mucilaginous sheath wood China 20–28 3 9–12, uniseriate, hyaline, Aseptate Submerged Hong Kong, Tsui et al. (2002) ellipsoidal to fusiform, with a thin wood China mucilaginous sheath 24–28 3 6–8, uniseriate, hyaline, fusiform, Aseptate Submerged Hong Kong, Tsui et al. (2002) lacking appendages or a sheath wood China 15–17.8 3 3.8–5, overlapping –uniseriate, Aseptate Dead petiole of Queensland, Fro¨hlich and fusiform–rhomboid, with a thin Licuala ramsayi Australia Hyde (2000) mucilaginous sheath (plam) 15–22.5 3 6.5–7.5, , overlapping – Two-septate Submerged The Philippines Cai et al. (2002) uniseriate, hyaline, fusiform, with a thin bamboo Islands mucilaginous sheath 32–52 3 7–10, uniseriate –overlapping 5–11-septate, Submerged Sohag, Egypt Abdel-Wahab uniseriate, hyaline, fusoid, with bipolar constricted stems of et al.
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