Diversidade E Produção De Antimicrobianos Dos Fungos Decompositores De Madeira Submersa Em Lagos Da Região Do Baixo Rio Tapajós – Pará

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Diversidade E Produção De Antimicrobianos Dos Fungos Decompositores De Madeira Submersa Em Lagos Da Região Do Baixo Rio Tapajós – Pará INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE E BIOTECNOLOGIA DA REDE BIONORTE DIVERSIDADE E PRODUÇÃO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS DOS FUNGOS DECOMPOSITORES DE MADEIRA SUBMERSA EM LAGOS DA REGIÃO DO BAIXO RIO TAPAJÓS – PARÁ. EVELEISE SAMIRA MARTINS CANTO MANAUS - AM JUNHO/2020 EVELEISE SAMIRA MARTINS CANTO DIVERSIDADE E PRODUÇÃO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS DOS FUNGOS DECOMPOSITORES DE MADEIRA SUBMERSA EM LAGOS DA REGIÃO DO BAIXO RIO TAPAJÓS – PARÁ. Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, na Universidade Federal do Amazonas, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, área de concentração, Biotecnologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Vicente Braga de Souza MANAUS – AM JUNHO/2020 II III EVELEISE SAMIRA MARTINS CANTO DIVERSIDADE E PRODUÇÃO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS DOS FUNGOS DECOMPOSITORES DE MADEIRA SUBMERSA EM LAGOS DA REGIÃO DO BAIXO RIO TAPAJÓS – PARÁ Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, na Universidade Federal do Amazonas, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, área de concentração Biotecnologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Vicente Braga de Souza MANAUS JUNHO – 2020 IV Á meus filhos Luiza e Pedro Canto e ao meu esposo André Canto que são meus alicerces e o principal motivo de meu sucesso. Aos meus irmãos, e em especial minha mãe, Antônia do Socorro de Jesus Martins, pelo amor e incentivo em todos os momentos da minha vida; V AGRADECIMENTOS Á Deus, por me conduzir e me fortalecer em todos os momentos dessa caminhada; Ao Professor Dr. João Vicente Braga de Souza, meu orientador, pelas valiosas orientações, ensinamentos, compreensão e companheirismo não só na elaboração da tese mas também pela força nos momentos mais difíceis. A Dra. Ana Cláudia Alves Corte pela importante amizade, companheirismo, carinho e ensinamentos e por me guiar na encantadora área de taxonomia de fungos; Ao Professor Dr. Steven E. Zelski, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, Huzefa Haja, Josiane Santana Monteiro pelas orientações, ensinamentos e confiança na elaboração dos artigos gerados neste trabalho; Ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Universidade Estadual do Amazonas (UEA) que ofereceram oportunidade para aperfeiçoamento profissional; A Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pelo incentivo financeiro à presente pesquisa. A todos os professores das disciplinas ministradas e em especial a equipe do laboratório da Dra. Maria Francisca Simas pelos ensinamentos valiosos; A Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA) e os laboratórios: Gestão Ambiental, Ficologia, Genética, Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Biologia Aplicada, Laboratório de bacteriologia (profa. Silvia Katrine Rabelo) e ao professor Carlos Vildoso, pelo apoio e incentivo para a realização deste trabalho; Aos técnicos da UFOPA, Jhéssica Frota, Gilmara Oliveira, Cleberson Eduardo, Fernando, Waldinete e Djanira pelo apoio em vária etapas deste trabalho. Aos coordenadores do Bionorte, Dr. Spartaco Astolfi Filho e Dr. Jair Max Furtado Maia, pela orientação e confiança na realização deste trabalho; Aos amigos, Dra. Aya Sadahiro, Dr. Maurício M. Ogusku, Dra. Luciana Fujimoto; Dra. Júlia Ignez Salém, pela amizade, inspiração, ensinamentos dados desde o período do mestrado até a conclusão do doutorado. A minha querida amiga Alita Mussa, pelo carinho, amizade, alegrias e ensinamentos. Uma amizade eterna. A Dra. Kátia Cruz, pela amizade e companheirismo nos momentos alegres e difíceis dessa jornada. Aos professores da Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia BIONORTE, pelos conhecimentos obtidos; VI Aos integrantes da Família Micologia em especial, Walter Oliva, Ralyvan Araújo, Juliana Gomes, D. Eliane e Raimundo pelo apoio, incentivo, companheirismo e ajuda nesta jornada; A todos os companheiros do Laboratório de Micobacteriologia, pelo apoio em muitos momentos; Ao Laboratório de Fitoquímica do INPA em especial Dra. Cecília, Layla, David, Leomara e Isabel, pelas importantes orientações e ensinamentos na etapa final deste trabalho. A amiga Merciane Sena, pelo carinho, compreensão e companheirismo nos momentos que mais precisei; Aos meus sobrinhos em especial Rômulo Martins, pela companhia, amizade e abrigo neste período de muito trabalho. Aos meus familiares Evaldo, Elena, Evaldina, Genezio, Rose, Paulo, Enilson, Evaldisa, Elan, Luciene, Evandra, Flávio, Erilson Helena, Mônica, Valério, Lenora, pelo carinho e palavra de incentivo. Aos meus filhos Luiza e Pedro Canto, pelo amor, carinho e compreensão das necessárias ausências para que eu pudesse finalizar esta grande jornada; A meu esposo André Canto, pelo amor, compreensão, ensinamentos, conselhos e incentivo em todos os momentos. Á todos, que direta ou indiretamente contribuíram para a realização desse trabalho. VII Se eu vi mais longe, foi por estar de pé sobre ombros de gigantes! Isaac Newton VIII RESUMO Os ecossistemas aquáticos são locais que abrigam diversidade de espécies com potencial biotecnológico como os fungos decompositores de madeira submersa em água de rios da região amazônica, as quais precisam ser desvendadas. O objetivo geral da presente tese foi investigar a diversidade e produção de antimicrobianos de fungos decompositores de madeira submersa em ambientes aquáticos em Santarém-Pará. A presente tese contêm 3 capítulos: O primeiro capítulo possui as informações quanto a composição e a diversidade de fungos decompositores de madeira submersa em dois lagos do estado do Pará; O segundo capítulo possui a informações sobre a avaliação da produção de antimicrobianos por fungos decompositores de madeira submersa em lagos da Amazônia brasileira; O terceiro capítulo possui avaliação da composição química do extrato de Fusarium C12 com atividade antimicrobiana. Quanto a metodologia realizada, no estudo da diversidade (capítulo um), foram realizadas coletas de madeira em decomposição dos Lagos Juá e Maicá (Santarém-Pará), foram identificados por exame direto da madeira e por cultura seguida de sequenciamento genético os táxons dos fungos presentes nessas amostras. Para o estudo de avaliação de produção de antimicrobianos pelos fungos cultiváveis (capítulo dois), foram realizados bioprocessos e os filtrados das culturas foram submetidos a fracionamento e bioensaios para avaliar a atividade antimicrobianas frente a E. coli e S. aureus. Para investigar a composição química do extrato do isolado Fusarium solani LM6281 (capítulo três) foram realizados procedimentos de fracionamento químico e análises cromatográficas, espectrométricas. Quanto aos resultados obtidos observou-se que: Capítulo I - Frente a amostragem realizada, foram identificados os táxons no lago Juá (10 sexuais e 13 assexuais, táxon mais frequente Xylomyces giganteus) e do lago do Maicá (17 sexuais e 9 assexuais, táxon mais frequente Thielavia sp.). No lago Juá e Maicá os índices de diversidade foram respectivamente H ': 2.6514 e H': 2.8174 e o índice de Sørensen entre esses lagos foi de somente 0.3673.; Capítulo II - Os filtrados de cultura dos isolados Fluviatispora C34, Morosphaeriaceae C18, Monodictys C15 e Fusarium C12 apresentaram antibacteriana e especificamente o filtrado de cultura do isolado Fusarium C12 destacou-se apresentando CIM de 50 µg/mL frente as cepas S. aureus; e Capítulo III- Fusarium C12 foi identificado como Fusarium solani LM6281 e os ensaios preliminares de CCD de extrato bruto de acetato de etila do cultivo de F. solani LM6281 sugeriram a presença de terpenos, quinonas, fenólicos e de flavonoides e os espectros de RMN de 1H sugeriram a presença de metabólitos como flavonoides e chalconas. O fracionamento da fração orgânica de acetato por cromatografia de coluna aberta resultando em 112 frações que foram analisadas por CCD. A análise por CCD produziu informação que permitiu selecionar 30 frações com componentes majoritários e que puderam ser unidas em 4 frações com perfis cromatográficos semelhantes/similares. A bioautografia demonstrou que todas as 4 frações obtidas apresentaram atividade antibacteriana e permitiu a identificação do Rf das frações ativas frente a S. aureus. Palavras-chave: Biodiversidade; Fungos de água doce; Amazônia; Substâncias bioativas. IX ABSTRACT Aquatic ecosystems harbor a large species diversity with biotechnological potential, such as wood-decomposing fungi submerged in rivers in Amazon region, which need to be discovered. The general objective of this work was to investigate the diversity and production of antimicrobials from submerged wood decomposing fungi in aquatic environments in Santarém-Pará. This thesis contains 3 chapters: The first chapter contains information the composition and diversity of submerged wood decomposing fungi in two lakes in the state of Pará; The second chapter contains information the evaluation of the production of antimicrobials by decomposing fungi of submerged wood in lakes in the Brazilian Amazon; The third chapter has an evaluation of the chemical composition of the Fusarium C12 extract with antimicrobial activity. The methodology was carried out, in the study of diversity (chapter one), collections of decomposing wood were made from the Juá and Maicá Lakes (Santarém-Pará), and were identified by direct examination of the wood and by culture followed by genetic sequencing of fungal taxa present in these samples. The evaluation of antimicrobials production by cultivable fungi (chapter
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