Luciano Polonelli
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Introduction
Notes Introduction 1. In the book, we use the terms ‘fungal infections’ and ‘mycoses’ (or singular fungal infection and mycosis) interchangeably, mostly following the usage of our historical actors in time and place. 2. The term ‘ringworm’ is very old and came from the circular patches of peeled, inflamed skin that characterised the infection. In medicine at least, no one understood it to be associated with worms of any description. 3. Porter, R., ‘The patient’s view: Doing medical history from below’, Theory and Society, 1985, 14: 175–198; Condrau, F., ‘The patient’s view meets the clinical gaze’, Social History of Medicine, 2007, 20: 525–540. 4. Burnham, J. C., ‘American medicine’s golden age: What happened to it?’, Sci- ence, 1982, 215: 1474–1479; Brandt, A. M. and Gardner, M., ‘The golden age of medicine’, in Cooter, R. and Pickstone, J. V., eds, Medicine in the Twentieth Century, Amsterdam, Harwood, 2000, 21–38. 5. The Oxford English Dictionary states that the first use of ‘side-effect’ was in 1939, in H. N. G. Wright and M. L. Montag’s textbook: Materia Med Pharma- col & Therapeutics, 112, when it referred to ‘The effects which are not desired in any particular case are referred to as “side effects” or “side actions” and, in some instances, these may be so powerful as to limit seriously the therapeutic usefulness of the drug.’ 6. Illich, I., Medical Nemesis: The Expropriation of Health, London, Calder & Boyars, 1975. 7. Beck, U., Risk Society: Towards a New Society, New Delhi, Sage, 1992, 56 and 63; Greene, J., Prescribing by Numbers: Drugs and the Definition of Dis- ease, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007; Timmermann, C., ‘To treat or not to treat: Drug research and the changing nature of essential hypertension’, Schlich, T. -
Mycoparasites and New <I>Fusarium</I>
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2010. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON doi: 10.5248/114.179 Volume 114, pp. 179–191 October–December 2010 Sphaerodes mycoparasites and new Fusarium hosts for S. mycoparasitica Vladimir Vujanovic* &Yit Kheng Goh *[email protected] & [email protected] Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8 Canada Abstract — A comprehensive key, based on asexual stages, contact mycoparasitic structures, parasite/host relations, and host ranges, is proposed to distinguish those species of Sphaerodes that are biotrophic mycoparasites of Fusarium: S. mycoparasitica, S. quadrangularis, and S. retispora. This is also the first report of S. mycoparasitica as a biotrophic mycoparasite on Fusarium culmorum and F. equiseti in addition to its other reported hosts (F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, and F. oxysporum). In slide culture assays, S. mycoparasitica acted as a contact mycoparasite of F. culmorum, and F. equiseti producing hook-like attachment structures. Fluorescent and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that S. mycoparasitica is an intracellular mycoparasite of F. equiseti but not of F. culmorum. All three mycoparasitic Sphaerodes species were observed to produce asexual (anamorphic) stages when challenged with Fusarium. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree, based on (large subunit) LSU rDNA sequences, depicted closer relatedness to one another of these Fusarium-specific Sphaerodes taxa than to the non- mycoparasitic S. compressa, S. fimicola, and S. singaporensis. Key words — ascomycete, coevolution Introduction Mycoparasitism refers to the parasitic interactions between one fungus (parasite) and another fungus (host). These relationships can be categorized as either necrotrophic or biotrophic (Boosalis 1964; Butler 1957). -
As I Mentioned in the Spring Edition, the Aim Is to Produce Our News
Some thoughts on the HFSG News Sheet President & Recorder: Ted Blackwell As I mentioned in the Spring issue News Sheet, the tel. 01568 780480; aim is now to try to produce an issue twice per e-mail: [email protected] year. This would seem to work out as publications in: Chair & Secretary: Sheila Spence . late April/early May, covering the September – tel. 01531 631736; February forays; e-mail: [email protected] . late September/early October, covering the March – August forays. Treasurer: Ray Bray tel. 01531 670301 Both the last issue and this current one rely very e-mail: [email protected] heavily on contributions from Ted and Ray, to whom I am most grateful for their willing(?) submission to blackmail! It would be pleasing, CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE though, if our News Sheet reflected more widely the talents, as well as the wishes, of the whole Group The Spring foraying season started with great and I hope that future issues will increasingly do enthusiasm: it was great to be out in the woods this. again! My first season as Chairman has gone smoothly, due to the great support of members - in It is, I think, desirable to keep both the size and particular Shelly and Mike, for leading the foray to content of these News Sheets as flexible as Netherwood and, of course, Ted for his continuing, possible. However, each issue will, hopefully, unstinting help and guidance. We have had some contain, as a common denominator: really good forays so far: thank you, Ted, for giving us all the info. on the exciting finds we have made. -
Dreams and Nightmares of Latin American Ascomycete Taxonomists
DREAMS AND NIGHTMARES OF NEOTROPICAL ASCOMYCETE TAXONOMISTS Richard P. Korf Emeritus Professor of Mycology at Cornell University & Emeritus Curator of the Cornell Plant Pathology Herbarium, Ithaca, New York A talk presented at the VII Congress of Latin American Mycology, San José, Costa Rica, July 20, 2011 ABSTRACT Is taxonomic inquiry outdated, or cutting edge? A reassessment is made of the goals, successes, and failures of taxonomists who study the fungi of the Neotropics, with a view toward what we should do in the future if we are to have maximum scientific and societal impact. Ten questions are posed, including: Do we really need names? Who is likely to be funding our future research? Is the collapse of the Ivory Tower of Academia a dream or a nightmare? I have been invited here to present a talk on my views on what taxonomists working on Ascomycetes in the Neotropics should be doing. Why me? Perhaps just because I am one of the oldest ascomycete taxonomists, who just might have some shreds of wisdom to impart. I take the challenge seriously, and somewhat to my surprise I have come to some conclusions that shock me, as well they may shock you. OUR HISTORY Let's take a brief view of the time frame I want to talk about. It's really not that old. Most of us think of Elias Magnus Fries as the "father of mycology," a starting point for fungal names as the sanctioning author for most of the fungi. In 1825 Fries was halfway through his Systema Mycologicum, describing and illustrating fungi on what he could see without the aid of a microscope. -
Antifungal Activity of Beauveria Bassiana Endophyte Against Botrytis Cinerea in Two Solanaceae Crops
microorganisms Article Antifungal Activity of Beauveria bassiana Endophyte against Botrytis cinerea in Two Solanaceae Crops Lorena Barra-Bucarei 1,2,* , Andrés France Iglesias 1, Macarena Gerding González 2, Gonzalo Silva Aguayo 2, Jorge Carrasco-Fernández 1, Jean Franco Castro 1 and Javiera Ortiz Campos 1,2 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) Quilamapu, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Chile; [email protected] (A.F.I.); [email protected] (J.C.-F.); [email protected] (J.F.C.); javiera.ortiz@endofitos.com (J.O.C.) 2 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Mendez 595, Chillán 3812120, Chile; [email protected] (M.G.G.); [email protected] (G.S.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 December 2019; Accepted: 28 December 2019; Published: 31 December 2019 Abstract: Botrytis cinerea causes substantial losses in tomato and chili pepper crops worldwide. Endophytes have shown the potential for the biological control of diseases. The colonization ability of native endophyte strains of Beauveria bassiana and their antifungal effect against B. cinerea were evaluated in Solanaceae crops. Root drenching with B. bassiana was applied, and endophytic colonization capacity in roots, stems, and leaves was determined. The antagonistic activity was evaluated using in vitro dual culture and also plants by drenching the endophyte on the root and by pathogen inoculation in the leaves. Ten native strains were endophytes of tomato, and eight were endophytes of chili pepper. All strains showed significant in vitro antagonism against B. cinerea (30–36%). A high antifungal effect was observed, and strains RGM547 and RGM644 showed the lowest percentage of the surface affected by the pathogen. -
I Carl Von Linnés Fotspår
I CARL VON LINNÉS FOTSPÅR I Carl von Linnés fotspår Svenska Linnésällskapet 100 år erik hamberg Svenska Linnésällskapet Uppsala 2018 © Erik Hamberg och Svenska Linnésällskapet 2018 Omslaget visar den Linnémedaljong som tillverkades av Wedgwood till Linnéjubileet 1907. I privat ägo. Foto: Magnus Hjalmarsson, UUB. Produktion: Grafisk service, Uppsala universitet Utformning: Martin Högvall Texten satt med Adobe Garamond Pro ISBN 978-91-85601-43-1 Tryckt i Sverige av DanagårdLiTHO AB, Ödeshög 2018 Innehåll Förord ...................................................................................................... 7 Linnébilden tar form .............................................................................. 11 Tidiga Linnésällskap i Sverige ................................................................ 13 Linnéjubileer 1807–1907 ........................................................................ 15 Forskare och samlare med Linnéintressen .............................................. 19 Svenska Linnésällskapet bildas ............................................................... 23 Insamling av Linnéminnen .................................................................... 29 Linnémuseet .......................................................................................... 33 Linnéträdgården .................................................................................... 47 Elof Förbergs bibliotek ........................................................................... 63 Linnés Hammarby ................................................................................ -
Monitorización De La Micoflora De Las Zonas Dunares Del Litoral Vasco
Sociedad Micológica de Portugalete / Portugaleteko Mikologia Elkartea Laboratorio de Botánica, Dpto. Biología Vegetal & Ecología. Fac. Ciencia y Tecnología. UPV/EHU. MONITORIZACIÓN DE LA MICOFLORA DE LAS ZONAS DUNARES DEL LITORAL VASCO MONITORIZACIÓN DE LA MICOFLORA DE LAS ZONAS DUNARES DEL LITORAL VASCO EQUIPO DE TRABAJO DEL PROYECTO Rafa Picón González Isabel Salcedo Larralde Ibai Olariaga Ibarguren Estibaliz Sarrionandia Areitio CONSERVACIÓN HERBARIO: Pedro Gredilla Ramiro Ruiz Campos PARTICIPANTES EN LOS MUESTREOS: José Félix Cantalapiedra, Curro de la Cruz, Pedro Gredilla, María Ibinarriaga, Javier Pérez, Ana Rosa Ruiz, Ramiro Ruiz, Pako Vega. COLABORADORES: José Luis Albizu, Pedro Arrillaga, Xavier Laskibar, José Manuel Lekuona, José Luis Pérez Butrón, Josepo Téres. ENTIDADES PARTICIPANTES: Sociedad Micológica de Portugalete / Portugaleteko Mikologia Elkartea Laboratorio de Botánica, Dpto. Biología Vegetal & Ecología. Fac. Ciencia y Tecnología. UPV/EHU. ENTIDADES COLABORADORAS: Arkamurka Natur taldea (Zarautz) Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales de Sestao RESPONSABLE DEL PROYECTO: Rafa Picón González. Palabras clave: Biodiversidad, Macromicetos, dunas del litoral, conservación, especies amenazadas 4 MONITORIZACIÓN DE LA MICOFLORA DE LAS ZONAS DUNARES DEL LITORAL VASCO SUMARIO Introducción ………………………………………… 06 Antecedentes ……………………………………….. 07 Objetivos del proyecto ……………………………… 07 Metodología ………………………………………… 08 Resultados ……………………….………………….. 11 Valoración ………………………………………….. 15 Tabla de especies de las diferentes toponimos….…… 19 Elenco de especies fúngicas ………………………… 28 Bibliografía …………………………………………. 123 5 MONITORIZACIÓN DE LA MICOFLORA DE LAS ZONAS DUNARES DEL LITORAL VASCO INTRODUCCIÓN La mayoría de los ecosistemas de la tierra están experimentando una gran transformación, bien por causas naturales o por causas antrópicas, ocasionando con ello una gran perdida de biodiversidad. Según los datos del satélite Netcoast, los sistemas dunares son los más degradados del litoral costero europeo. -
Mycology from the Library of Nils Fries
CENTRALANTIKVARIATET catalogue 82 MYCOLOGY from the library of nils fries CENTRALANTIKVARIATET catalogue 82 MYCOLOGY from the library of nils fries stockholm mmxvi 15 centralantikvariatet österlånggatan 53 111 31 stockholm +46 8 411 91 36 www.centralantikvariatet.se e-mail: [email protected] bankgiro 585-2389 medlem i svenska antikvariatföreningen member of ilab grafisk form och foto: lars paulsrud tryck: eo grafiska 2016 Vignette on title page from 194 PREFACE It is with great pleasure we are now able to present our Mycology catalogue, with old and rare books, many of them beautifully illustrated, about mushrooms. In addition to being fine mycological books in their own right, they have a great provenance, coming from the libraries of several members of the Fries family – the leading botanist and mycologist family in Sweden. All of the books are from the library of Nils Fries (1912–94), many from that of his grandfather Theodor (Thore) M. Fries (1832–1913), and a few from the library of Nils’ great grandfather Elias M. Fries (1794–1878), “fa- ther of Swedish mycology”. All three were botanists and professors at Uppsala University, as were many other members of the family, often with an orientation towards mycology. Nils Fries field of study was the procreation of mushrooms. Furthermore, Nils Fries has had a partiality for interesting provenances in his purchases – and many international mycologists are found among the former owners of the books in the catalogue. Four of the books are inscribed to Elias M. Fries, and it is probable that more of them come from his collection. Thore M. -
The Msn2 Transcription Factor Regulates Acaricidal Virulence in the Fungal Pathogen Beauveria Bassiana
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 20 July 2021 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.690731 The Msn2 Transcription Factor Regulates Acaricidal Virulence in the Fungal Pathogen Beauveria bassiana Elen R. Muniz 1,2,Ca´ rita S. Ribeiro-Silva 2, Walqu´ıria Arruda 3, Nemat O. Keyhani 4 and E´ verton K. K. Fernandes 1,2* 1 Escola de Veterina´ ria e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goia´ s, Goiaˆ nia, Brazil, 2 Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Sau´ de Pu´ blica, Universidade Federal de Goia´ s, Goiaˆ nia, Brazil, 3 Instituto de Cieˆ ncias Biolo´ gicas, Universidade Federal de Goia´ s, Goiaˆ nia, Brazil, 4 Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States Beauveria bassiana holds promise as a feasible biological control agent for tick control. The B. bassiana stress–response transcription factor Msn2 is known to contribute to fungal growth, conidiogenesis, stress–response and virulence towards insects; however, little is known concerning whether Msn2 is involved in infection across Arthropoda classes. We evaluated the effects of Msn2 on B. bassiana virulence against Edited by: Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari, Ixodidae) using wild-type, targeted gene knockout Guilhem Janbon, (DBbmsn2) and complemented mutant (DBbmsn2/Bbmsn2) strains. Reproductive Institut Pasteur, France parameters of R. microplus engorged females treated topically or by an intra-hemocoel Reviewed by: injection of conidial suspensions were assessed. Treated cuticles of engorged females Almudena Ortiz-Urquiza, Swansea University, were analyzed by microscopy, and proteolytic activity of B. bassiana on cuticles was United Kingdom assessed. Topically treated engorged females showed high mean larval hatching (>84%) Hokyoung Son, D D Seoul National University, in control and Bbmsn2 treatments, whereas treatment with the wild-type or Bbmsn2/ South Korea Bbmsn2 strains resulted in significantly decreased (lowered egg viability) larval hatching. -
Identification of Fungi Storage Types by Sequencing Method
Zh. T. Abdrassulova et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 10(3), 2018, 689-692 Identification of Fungi Storage Types by Sequencing Method Zh. T. Abdrassulova, A. M. Rakhmetova*, G. A. Tussupbekova#, Al-Farabi Kazakh national university, 050040, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, al-Farabi Ave., 71 *Karaganda State University named after the academician E.A. Buketov #A;-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, al0Farabi Ave, 71 E. M. Imanova, Kazakh State Women’s Teacher Training University, 050000, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Aiteke bi Str., 99 M. S. Agadieva, R. N. Bissalyyeva Aktobe regional governmental university named after K.Zhubanov, 030000, Republic of Kazakhstan, Аktobe, A. Moldagulova avenue, 34 Abstract With the use of classical identification methods, which imply the identification of fungi by cultural and morphological features, they may not be reliable. With the development of modern molecular methods, it became possible to quickly and accurately determine the species and race of the fungus. The purpose of this work was to study bioecology and refine the species composition of fungi of the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium on seeds of cereal crops. The article presents materials of scientific research on morphological and molecular genetic peculiarities of storage fungi, affecting seeds of grain crops. Particular attention is paid to the fungi that develop in the stored grain. The seeds of cereals (Triticum aestivum L., Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Sorghum vulgare Pers., Panicum miliaceum L.) were collected from the granaries of five districts (Talgar, Iliysky, Karasai, Zhambul, Panfilov) of the Almaty region. The pathogens of diseases of fungal etiology were found from the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus influencing the safety, quality and safety of the grain. -
Effect of Beauveria Bassiana Fungal Infection on Survival and Feeding
Article Effect of Beauveria bassiana Fungal Infection on Survival and Feeding Behavior of Pine-Tree Lappet Moth (Dendrolimus pini L.) Marta Kovaˇc 1 , Nikola Lackovi´c 2 and Milan Pernek 1,* 1 Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, HR-10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia; [email protected] 2 Arbofield Ltd., Mihanovi´ceva3, HR-10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385-98-324-512 Received: 30 July 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 9 September 2020 Abstract: Research highlights: The pine-tree lappet moth, Dendrolimus pini, can cause serious needle defoliation on pines with outbreaks occurring over large geographical areas. Under laboratory conditions, the promising potential of the naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was tested against D. pini larvae as a biological control method. Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the most effective concentration and treatment dose of B. bassiana conidial suspension and how it affected the survival and feeding behavior of the pest. Materials and methods: The first experiment applied the fungal suspension directly on the back of selected larvae, and in the second experiment, sporulating cadavers obtained in the first experiment were placed into Petri dishes with healthy individuals. Different doses per larvae [µL] and spore suspension concentration [spores/µL]) were used. The second experiment was designed to investigate the horizontal transmission of fungi by exposing individual caterpillars to a cadaver covered in B. bassiana mycelia. Mortality rates were analyzed by Chi-squared tests using absolute values for total mortality and B. bassiana- attributed mortality. The lethal time and feeding-disruption speed were analyzed with parametric and non-parametric tests with the aim to determine whether statistically significant differences were observed between treatments. -
Elias Magnus Fries Och Carl Adolph Agardh Om Vetenskaplig Metodik Och Möjligheten Att Konstruera Ett Naturligt System Inom Botaniken
Elias Magnus Fries och Carl Adolph Agardh om vetenskaplig metodik och möjligheten att konstruera ett naturligt system inom botaniken Lunds universitet Magnus Krook Språk- och litteraturcentrum Magisteruppsats LATM04 Lund 2014 Handledare: Professor Arne Jönsson Abstract Kring sekelskiftet 1800 dominerades den svenska botaniska forskningen av Carl von Linnés vetenskapliga gärning som hos hans omedelbara efterföljare stelnat i ortodoxi och brist på kreativitet. Den från Tyskland emanerande romantiska naturfilosofin med Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling som förgrundsgestalt gav efterhand avtryck även inom den svenska naturvetenskapen. Botanikerna Carl Adolph Agardh (1785-1859) och Elias Magnus Fries (1794-1878) var båda djupt påverkade av den romantiska filosofin i sina vetenskapliga arbeten. En av romantikens centrala idéer var att det bakom de olika naturalstrens mångfald fanns en enhet för naturforskaren att upptäcka, och både Agardh och Fries omfattade denna tanke fullt ut. Agardh var huvudsakligen specialiserad på alger, Fries ägnade sig åt svampar och lavar. Linné hade åstadkommit ett artificiellt system för växterna som fått stor spridning, men hans ouppfyllda mål var att upprätta ett naturligt system. Agardh och Fries tog vid där Linné slutade. Med utgångspunkt från den romantiska filosofin angriper de växtvärldens systematisering från var sin ände. Fries börjar med de högst utvecklade växterna och arbetar sig nedåt. Genom en strikt logisk metod delar han in växtvärlden i allt mindre enheter. Agardh avvisar däremot logikens användning inom biologin. Han utgår från de lägst utvecklade växterna och arbetar sig uppåt, en process där de empiriska erfarenheterna bit för bit fogas samman till en helhet. Agardh och Fries företrädde utvecklingstankar som stod i stark motsättning till den moderna evolutionsteorin.