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Task 1: Existing Conditions Task 1: Existing Conditions Technical Memorandum Submitted to Greater Portland Council of Governments October 2019 Greater Portland Council of Governments Transit Tomorrow Table of Contents 1. EXISTING CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................... 1 2. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................... 2 3. PEER REGION ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 4 4. SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... 6 APPENDIX A: LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................... 7 APPENDIX B: COMPLETE LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES .................... 10 APPENDIX C: COMPLETE PEER ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 201 List of Figures Figure 1. Recommendation Count from Prior Studies and Plans 3 Figure 2. Peer Summary Statistics 5 i | P a g e Greater Portland Council of Governments Transit Tomorrow 1. Existing Conditions The Greater Portland region has a relatively complex public transportation landscape that has been documented over the years through various studies. There are seven providers of public transportation services with overlapping service areas, varying target populations, and a diversity of trip types. The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the existing conditions for public transportation in southern Maine, with a focus on summarizing the findings from previous studies. Two recent significant studies examining public transportation in Southern Maine are the reports Moving Southern Maine Forward and Destination 2040. Both of these documents provide a foundation for the current effort to develop a vision and long-range strategic plan for public transit in the region. A list of acronyms used frequently when discussing transit in Southern Maine is included as Appendix A. Destination 2040 Overview Destination 2040 is the Long Range Transportation Plan for metropolitan Portland that was developed in 2016. As stated in the plan, “The Destination 2040 Plan serves as a policy guide for maintaining the best of the existing transportation system, providing focus in areas where the system needs modernization, and taking transformative steps to develop a sustainable transportation system for tomorrow.” (page 20) Destination 2040 outlines some of the key trends that Southern Maine uses this plan to address. Key findings from this plan were: • Population Change: Most population growth in the state is concentrated in and around Portland. The two largest growing demographics are those age 65+ (Baby Boomers) and people age 18 – 35 (Millennials). • Regional Coordination: Most transportation problems are regional in nature and will require a multi-jurisdictional response to address. • Funding Gap: There is a large and growing funding gap in the region between the need for transportation investments and the resources available. • Support for Transit: There is significant support for expanded transit among both younger and older residents in the region, and (counter to national trends) growing ridership on the region’s systems. A key recommendation of this project was to develop a unified long-range Regional Transit Plan that would guide future land use and economic development. Moving Southern Maine Forward Overview Moving Southern Maine Forward was a short-range transportation plan that was created as a follow-up to the Destination 2040 plan, completed in 2017. It lays out goals and specific actions for achieving them, as well as documenting existing conditions in the region. The findings for existing conditions build upon those documented in Destination 2040, and expand upon them to include the following: 1. Population and Employment Density: The densest communities are expected to absorb most of the increase in population and housing over the next twenty years. 2. Transit Commute Rates: The highest transit commute rates are in the City of Portland, with a very high rate for the islands of Casco Bay. This is unsurprising because the ferry is the only way onto/off of the islands. 1 | P a g e Greater Portland Council of Governments Transit Tomorrow 3. Travel between and within Communities: Cell phone data showed that those living in Portland and bordering communities traveled equally often between towns as within them, whereas those living further out are more likely to travel within their town. 4. Transit Ridership: For most of the transit systems operating in Greater Portland, ridership is growing. Demand response ridership, however, has declined dramatically since 2012, largely due to the withdrawal of YCCAC as a MaineCare provider. 5. Cost Efficiency: Greater Portland service providers operate at a roughly comparable cost to peer agencies – slightly more expensive normalized per hour, and slightly less expensive normalized per mile. 6. Service Efficiency: Service efficiency as measured by passenger trips per revenue hour is generally increasing for fixed route bus service and declining for demand response and intercity rail. 7. Financial Performance: The farebox recovery ratio for most transit agencies has shown no clear trend, indicating that it has mostly held steady in recent years. It ranges from 85% on the high end for Casco Bay Lines to 3% for the demand response services of RTP and YCCAC. 8. Transit Connectivity: There are limited transfer opportunities between transit service providers, driven largely by the lack of a common fare medium for the region. The study also provided a summary of a public survey which showed that there is strong support for public transportation even though under one third of respondents listed it as their primary mode of transportation. A review of other studies can be found in Section 2, and a comprehensive list of studies is found in Appendix B. 2. Review of Previous Studies and Recommendations In the last decade, there have been numerous studies looking at existing transportation conditions through the examination of public transportation, land use, and Complete Streets. We have documented 26 studies on public transportation, 20 on land use, and 9 on Complete Streets. Together, there have been a total of over 1,000 recommendations made in these studies. When viewed together, these documents form a mosaic for the priorities, goals, and needs of Southern Maine. These plans and studies reflect the perspectives of numerous stakeholders, including those of residents, elected officials, business owners, town planners, and transportation professionals working in the region. The purpose of summarizing this extensive set of plans is to capture the accumulated viewpoints of these stakeholders, ensuring that the Long-Range Public Transportation Plan matches the unique needs of the Greater Portland region. 2 | P a g e Greater Portland Council of Governments Transit Tomorrow Figure 1. Recommendation Count from Prior Studies and Plans The findings from this review can be broken down into the categories below. Land Use Each community’s comprehensive plan was reviewed, in addition to regional land use studies, resulting in 311 recommendations pertaining to land use. The priorities from those recommendations included preservation of open spaces and prioritization of development in Growth Areas and Transitional Areas. In general, the recommendations focused growth in already developed areas to preserve rural and undeveloped land. Funding There were 69 recommendations that referenced funding for transit services and infrastructure. These generally focused on various ways to raise more revenue for public transportation, including fuel taxes, new local tax options, and the use of VW Settlement funding for transit. Technology There were 22 recommendations regarding technology. These did not deal with vehicle technology, but rather information technology such as real-time arrival information, online performance dashboards for transit agencies, and a centralized transit website. An electronic ticketing and transit pass system was also recommended. Coordination/Collaboration There were 72 recommendations regarding coordination between agencies. These all suggested increased integration between the region’s transit operators through efforts like regional branding, fare systems, schedules, and procurement. One recommendation was to consolidate transit systems. 3 | P a g e Greater Portland Council of Governments Transit Tomorrow Service Changes There were 90 recommended changes to delivery of service. These included capital expansions, such as upgraded rail infrastructure, as well as expanded fixed route and demand response service coverage, hours and frequency. There was also a recommendation to establish a Transportation Management Association (TMA). General Recommendations There were 138 general public transit recommendations. These included a variety of topics, including Mobility-as-a-Service pilots, transit asset management, ADA accessibility, and passenger amenities at transit hubs. Highway There were 156 recommendations regarding roadway changes. Many of these dealt with Complete Streets improvements, such as road design for all modes of travel. There was also the recommendation to prioritize planning on Priority Corridor roadways
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