THE AUSTRALIAN HANDBOOK for the IDENTIFICATION of FRUIT FLIES Version 1.0

THE AUSTRALIAN HANDBOOK FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF FRUIT FLIES Version 1.0 Species: Bactrocera bryoniae Species: Bactrocera frauenfeldi Species: Bactrocera kandiensis Species: Bactrocera tau Species: Bactrocera trilineola Species: Bactrocera umbrosa Species: Bactrocera xanthodes Species: Bactrocera newmani For more information on Plant Health Australia Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Visit our website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available from the website listed above. © Plant Health Australia 2011 This work is copyright except where attachments are provided by other contributors and referenced, in which case copyright belongs to the relevant contributor as indicated throughout this document. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior permission from Plant Health Australia. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Communications Manager Plant Health Australia 1/1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 ISBN 978-0-9872309-0-4 In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: Plant Health Australia (2011). The Australian Handbook for the Identification of Fruit Flies. Version 1.0. Plant Health Australia. Canberra, ACT. Disclaimer: The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. 1 Contributors This document has been made possible through consultation with and input from the following fruit fly entomologists, scientists, academics and diagnosticians: Organisation Contributor Australian Government, Department of Agriculture, Jacek Plazinski, Kerry Huxham, Anthony Rice, Glenn Fisheries and Forestry Bellis, Bart Rossel, James Walker, Sally Cowan, David Daniels CRC for National Plant Biosecurity Gary Kong CSIRO David Yeates Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia Andras Szito, Darryl Hardie Department of Employment, Economic Development Jane Royer, Suzy Perry, Shaun Winterton, Harry Fay and Innovation, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Lionel Hill Environment, Tasmania Department of Primary Industries, Victoria Jane Moran, Mali Malipatil, Linda Semeraro, Mark Blacket Department of Resources, Northern Territory Stuart Smith, Deanna Chin, Stephen West, Brian Thistleton Griffith University Dick Drew, Meredith Romig Industry and Investment New South Wales Peter Gillespie, Bernie Dominiak, Deborah Hailstones Margaret Williams Plant Health Services Margaret Williams Primary Industries and Resources, South Australia Cathy Smallridge, John Hannay Queensland University of Technology Tony Clarke South Australian Museum Mark Adams Private consultant David Hancock 1 2 Foreword The accurate identification of fruit flies is a key component of Australia’s biosecurity system that underpins the domestic movement of fruit and vegetables, maintains international market access for Australian producers and protects Australia’s borders from exotic pest incursion. In Australia’s tropics, routine surveillance of coastal and island communities results in a requirement to process and identify thousands of adult flies per hour. In some parts of southern Australia fruit fly sampling numbers are smaller, however diagnosticians still have to be skilled and equipped to identify a single fly of economic importance amongst a large range of native fruit flies that have no impact on commercial fruits and vegetables. For the first time a document has been produced that integrates all the diagnostic techniques currently used in Australia for the identification of fruit flies. A new set of descriptions and photographs have been prepared to assist the identification of flies by adult morphology. In addition, current protocols used for the identification of fruit flies using molecular biology techniques are presented. This document has been written by Australia’s fruit fly diagnosticians for diagnosticians and it is my hope that the dialogue, sharing of information and experience, and constructive discourse that has resulted in this new publication will continue to grow. Together the combined expertise and knowledge of Australia’s fruit fly researchers, academics, surveillance officers, diagnosticians and laboratory scientists make up a formidable national resource, which when networked and coupled with extensive fruit fly reference collections, provides a world-class national capability. This valuable document provides a useful benchmark against which future updates and revisions can be developed and training programs can be delivered. I would like to thank all the entomologists and scientists who have brought this document together and have the greatest pleasure in endorsing its adoption and use by practitioners and jurisdictions in Australia. Professor Dick Drew International Centre for Management of Pest Fruit Flies Griffith University 2 3 Preface The Australian Handbook for the Identification of Fruit Flies (v1.0) • Was written by diagnosticians for diagnosticians; • Collates current and existing practices and knowledge into a single document; • Pools experience from Australia’s network of fruit fly experts; • Establishes a resource that can support and develop the confidence and expertise of all users; • Provides a mechanism to possibly identify future information and research needs; and, • Considers the potential of both morphological and molecular techniques. The Handbook has been an important part of building a network of fruit fly diagnosticians across Australia and it is hoped that both the network and this document continue to grow and develop in the future. We also welcome feedback from fruit fly experts around the world. The Handbook is a compilation of diagnostic techniques for some 47 fruit fly species, most of which are exotic to Australia. The Handbook is intended to facilitate rapid diagnosis of fruit fly species and be a comprehensive guide for Australian diagnosticians and field officers. A copy of the Handbook can be downloaded by following the link below. http://www.phau.com.au/go/phau/strategies-and-policy This is the first version of The Australian Handbook for the Identification of Fruit Flies. It is provided freely as a reference resource with an expectation that it is appropriately acknowledged when it is used. As a living document it is designed to be continuously updated as more information becomes available through Australia’s skilled network of fruit fly diagnosticians. For further information please contact the Office of the Chief Plant Protection Officer (OCPPO), Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Email: [email protected]. Funding for this important initiative was provided by the Australian Government. The Office of the Chief Plant Protection Officer would like to recognise the huge contribution made by researchers, academics, surveillance officers, diagnosticians and laboratory scientists who have collectively brought this valuable document into being. Thanks are also extended to Plant Health Australia for facilitating and coordinating the preparation of the Handbook. Lois Ransom Chief Plant Protection Officer December 2011 3 Contents 1 Contributors ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Foreword ........................................................................................................................................... 2 3 Preface ............................................................................................................................................... 3 4 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 6 4.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 6 4.2 Coverage of this diagnostic handbook ..................................................................................... 7 5 Detection ........................................................................................................................................... 9 5.1 Plant products affected ............................................................................................................. 9 5.2 Signs and symptoms ................................................................................................................ 9 5.3 Development stages ................................................................................................................. 9 5.4 Methods for detection ............................................................................................................. 10 5.4.1 Trap types ......................................................................................................................... 10 5.4.2 Attractants ........................................................................................................................

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