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Conscientious Objection No 96, May 2013 Editorial This issue of The Broken Rifle provides updates as to the situation for conscientious objectors in certain states, gives examples of useful instances to learn from in past campaigns, and supplies some suggestions in response to the question 'what next' for conscientious objection. An introductory article teases out the topics that arise in this edition, then Laura Pollecutt's piece on the End Conscription Campaign reminds us of the role they had in the anti­apartheid movement, and warns that in South Africa there are often signals that conscription may return. Carlos Barranco's article on los insumisos, along with Eva Aneiros' review of InsumisiÓn. Una forma de vida ('Disobedience. A form of life') by Rosario DomÍnguez, explore experiences of the Vengeance will be ours ­ message from Britain First, a right­wing militarist group in Britain end of conscription in the state of Spain, proceeding Kaj Raninen, who looks towards the same process in Finland. George Karatzas then provides an update Conscientious as to the situation for COs in Greece. We include a review of COnscription ­ a film installation focused on Turkey showing in London this month ­ by Albert Beale, and are pleased to reprint a joint objection: today statement from Egyptian and Israeli CO movements. Moving beyond a focus on conscription, Hans Lammerant outlines the and tomorrow development of militarism in many areas In London on 22nd May, a soldier walking condemning the killing, and the backlash to it. towards professional armies and 'remote back to his barracks was killed by two people control wars' in his article 'The end of armed with knives. The soldier was a white Militarism works most effectively with the conscription and the transformation of member of the British army, the attackers existence of a threat – a 'them' – used to war'. black men of the Muslim faith. justify its existence. In Britain today, Islam is one scapegoat that serves this purpose. Bob Meola looks back at the decade The response, witnessed on social and since the invasion of Iraq, and particularly mainstream media, as well as in streets, I share this brief story, partly as a telling the experiences of COs who had buses and pubs, has included a torrent of illustration of the way militarism interacts and voluntarily joined the armed forces. racist, Islamophobic and nationalistic abuse. I is reinforced by factors such as nationalism, noticed with sadness that a friend of mine racism, patriarchy and ideals of heroism, and Gayle Kinkead's work with the 'shared' a post on social media from a group partly, since The Broken Rifle remains a 'conscience' peace tax campaign in called Britain First that read: 'THEY'VE newsletter as well as a magazine, to give a Britain highlights one of the many ways in KILLED ONE OF OUR BOYS IN glimpse into the social and political context of which the concept of conscientious WOOLWICH...KICK THE BASTARDS OUT Britain today. Impacts of cuts to public objection is taken beyond military service. NOW'. services and the ongoing rhetoric of the war You can learn about the work of WRI's on terror expose fractures along class, Right to Refuse to Kill programme in short The post was referring to all Muslims. And a ethnicity and religious lines. These lines are pieces on the soon­to­be­launched CO follow up read: 'May God comfort his family being exploited by right­wing and militarist Guide, and on the Countering the and grant our young martyr eternal rest.' A groups. Militarisation of Youth work, which next subsequent post included a picture of woman month sees the publication of 'Sowing who confronted the attackers described as a Militarism: presenting the alternative Seeds: The Militarisation of Youth and hero, and a comment in response said: 'My today How to Counter it'. We are glad to publish husband is ex­forces...and if he saw that How can we demonstrate our refusal to adopt two truncated versions of work that will be happen in front of him he already said he cornerstones of militarism such as uniformity, published in this book from Sahar Vardi would have gone in there no matter what, not othering and brutality ­ forces that have been (looking at Israel) and Rafael UzcÁtegui stand by and let women go forward!'. The so apparent in Britain in the last days? (in Venezuela). Stop the War Coalition, a UK anti­war Refusing to participate in one of the most organisation, have issued a public statement continued on page 2 Hannah Brock Conscientious objection: today and tomorrow Continues from page 1 SouthAfrica: Conscription can lurk in the wings obvious manifestations of militarism was once, and in many places remains, conscientious objection to military service. Conscription is alive and well. From Venezuela to Turkey, Russia to Greece, Eritrea to Armenia, the draft is how the military procures labour. Resistance continues through conscientious objection. An article giving updates from Greece in this edition records a regression in the treatment of COs there. A law proposal in Colombia is currently trying to close the gap between required' in a post­Cold World War context everyday life'. In this group we talked about state policy and state provision: the and in light of developments in military the ways in which pacifism and Constitutional Court of Colombia ruled in technology. Militarist culture and discourse conscientious objection crossover, and how 2009 that there is a right to conscientious adapts, lending its power to recruit they are distinct. Both, in a sense, can go objection under the constitution, but COs in personnel and justify future 'remote' wars. beyond each other: pacifism compels us to practice are forcibly recruited, many in do more than refusing to join the armed batidas – street raids. And Natan Blanc, a With the end of conscription, militarism – like forces, and conscientious objection is a CO in Israel, is in prison for the tenth time – a hydra, who with one head cut off grows useful concept beyond pacifism, referring giving him the curious record of being the two more – must develop. As must generally to those things that we are CO with the most re­imprisonments in Israel. antimilitarists. compelled to oppose. However, many countries in the past 20 As a previous edition of The Broken Rifle In our discussion group, we envisaged years (primarily in Western Europe) have explained, WRI's Right to Refuse to Kill conscientious objection as a line in the suspended conscription, and in others there programme is focusing on developing in one sand, drawn at the point at which an are debates about its future. In January, the particular way: the Countering the individual or group refuses to go beyond. As government of Austria held a referendum on Militarisation of Youth project looks at the I've mentioned, we are exploring one of conscription. The majority voted to maintain ways in which young people – whether these lines in the sand through the it. Analysis of this result suggested that conscripted or not – are militarised. This countering the militarisation of youth work. many made this choice because they feared militarisation takes different forms, but the There is an article in this edition about that organisations, including the Red Cross, type of impact is the same: young people conscientious objection to tax for military which benefit from substitute service, would (and since I was not long ago a 'young purposes, another 'line in the sand' for many suffer if conscription were abolished. This person' myself, I speak also from my own people. raises the paradox that substitute 'civilian' experience) are persuaded to support service has served to maintain conscription military values and respect military actions. There are countless faces of militarism that to the military – one argument total objectors Our recent fundraising appeal focused on warrant our non­cooperation, but, as the use against it. this issue. discussion group that night concluded, if these are not part of a wider, orchestrated Debates around substitute service are well­ International Day of Action campaign that attempts to disrupt some worn amongst antimilitarists. A recent article Young people refusing to cooperate in aspect of militarisation, then our non­ in Azione Nonviolenta reignited these systems that infiltrate their lives with military cooperation risks being irrelevant: debates, praising alternative service for values is one direction that conscientious appeasing our conscience without imbuing Italian society with altruistic values. objection might turn. This might be in contributing to social change beyond the Meanwhile Carlos PÉrez Barranco's article education, where the military and arms ripples that may or may not spread from an on the insumisiÓ movement in Spain companies fund and influence; it might be in individual's single or repeated behaviour. provides a powerful example of how entertainments (from video games, to films, That said, individual acts of opposition add rejecting alternative service can also to leisure activities), or it might be in the to the dynamism of resistance, and might be undermine military service. These debates streets, disrupting militarist events and forerunners of more organised and are still relevant, since many still are still installations. The International Day of Action concerted activities later. Moreover, as faced with making the choice. Today in on 14th June focuses on military­free many conscientious objectors have started Finland, where the length of substitute education and research, and simultaneously out as COs and gone on to participate an service is punitive, total objector Jaakko everyone can get involved in an online array of nonviolent activism, such small acts Jekunen has been in prison since 4 conversation we are co­hosting on this and of resistance can encourage a deeper December 2012, charged with a "civilian related topic.
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