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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. t. ,atmov '\ uiBurrxxwtn<*'ja&m :vc» .■ Order Number 1341318 The New York Crystal Palace: An international exhibition of goods and ideas Jayne, Thomas Gordon, M.A. University of Delaware, 1990 Copyright ©1991 by Jayne, Thomas Gordon. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE: AN INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF GOODS AND IDEAS by Thomas Gordon Jayne A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Early American Culture May 1990 @ Thomas Gordon Jayne Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE: AN INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF GOODS AND IDEAS by Thomas Gordon Jayne Approved:. Damie Stillman, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis of behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved:. a. Janrles Curtis, Ph.D. lirectoo of the Winterthur Program in Early American Culture Approved: L Jtw x J l . H h H r? Carol E. Hoffecker, PhlY' Acting Associate Provost/ fdfr jferaduate Studies Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS page LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................. v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................. viii ABSTRACT................................................................................................. ix INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 EARLY FAIRS AND EXHIBITIONS........................................ 4 2 THE GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851, LONDON .....................17 3 THE NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE..................................... 44 4 THE IDEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION OF GOODS AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE......................................84 CONCLUSION............................................................................................99 BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................... 102 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES TABLE I. The Number of Domestic Exhibits According to Class at the London and New York Exhibitions of the Works of All In d u stry ................................... 71 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Interior of Barnum’s American Museum, circa 1852 ................................................................... 10 Figure 2 Exterior of Barnum’s American Museum, circa 1852 ................................................................... 11 Figure 3 A. T. Stewart’s Marble Palace and a view of Broadway, New York City, circa 1850 ................................................................... 12 Figure 4 The first official design of the Building Committee for the Great Exhibition of 1851, which was published in the Illustrated London News. June 22, 1850 ................................................ 20 Figure 5 The interior of Paxton’s Lily House for Chatsworth, 1850 ................................................ 22 Figure 6 The exterior of Paxton’s Lily House for Chatsworth, 1850 ................................................ 22 Figure 7 Paxton’s design for the Great Exhibition of 1851, published in the Illustrated London News. July 6, 1850 ................. 24 Figure 8 Working drawing supervised by Paxton for the building housing the Great Exhibition of 1851 ................................... 25 Figure 9 The use of shear legs that speeded the construction of the London exhibition building ....................................................27 Figure 10 Paxton’s glazing wagon for the London Crystal Palace, December 4, 1850 ............................................................................ 29 Figure 11 View of the north transept of the London Crystal Palace from Dickinson’s Portfolio of Lithographic Views ol‘ the Great Exhibition ............................................. 31 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Figure 12 View from Dickinson's Portfolio of Lithographic Views of the Great Exhibition illustrating the north transept ..................................................................... 32 Figure 13 Mr. McLean's giant mirror shown at London’s Great Exhibition ................................. 34 Figure 14 Green and Company’s Chemical Pottery Wares shown at the Great Exhibition, London ..................................................................... 35 Figure 15 Messrs. Taylor and Bowley’s Patent Elastic Waist Boots exhibited at the London Exhibition .............................................37 Figure 16 Deane, Dray & Dean’s Fire Lump- Stove shown at the London E xhibition ...................37 Figure 17 View of the American Section of the Great Exhibition of 1851 ................................... 38 Figure 18 The Patented Centripetal Spring Chair shown in the American Section of the London Crystal Palace ..................... 39 Figure 19 A model for a Floating Gothic Church for the Delaware River shown at the London Crystal Palace ............................................... 41 Figure 20 The most famous of the American exhibits at the Crystal Palace, The Greek Slave by Hiram Pow ers..........................42 Figure 21 Sir Joseph Paxton’s exterior design for the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, New York ....................... 50 Figure 22 Sir Joseph Paxton’s interior design for the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, New York ....................... 51 Figure 23 James Bogardus’ design for the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, New Y ork ....................................................52 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Figure 24 The New York Crystal Palace, 1853 ...................... 53 Figure 25 The first floor plan of the New York Crystal Palace....................................................54 Figure 26 Interior view of the opening of the New York Crystal Palace................................... 68 Figure 27 The west nave of the New York Crystal Palace............................................................. 69 Figure 28 Buffet exhibited by Ringuet, LePrince & Co., of Paris and New York at the New York Crystal Palace.......................76 Figure 29 Fire Engine displayed by William Jeffers of Rhode Island .............................................77 Figure 30 The Currier and Ives lithograph of the burning of the New York Crystal Palace, October 5,1858 ............................. 83 Figure 31 Mrs. Richardson’s broadside, October, 1858 ............................................................ 85 Figure 32 Table made by Henry Belter for display at the New York Crystal Palace........................................................... 89 Figure 33 A table typical of Henry Belter’s production ..................................................................90 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A.E.I.A.N.: Association for the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations N.Y.P.L.: New York Public Library C.P.P., N.-Y.H.S.: Crystal Palace Papers,
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