Soho Cast Iron Historic District Designation Report
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S OH 0 - CAST IRON HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGWATIOI REPORT 1973 City of New York John V. Lindsay, Mayor Parks, Recreation and' Cultural Affairs Administration Richard M. Clurman,; Administrator Landmarks Preservation Commission Harmon H. Goldstone, Chairman SH-CI HD Copyright © 1973, by the City of New York. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means-, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Applications for such permission should be addressed to; i. Landmarks Preservation Commission * 305 Broadway ,-.... Mew York, New York 10007 ••..-,.•' » SOHO-CAST IRON HISTORIC DISTRICT MANHATTAN Note: Block numbers are for reference to the text. DESIGNATED AUGUST 14. 1973 SH-CI HD •C 0 N T E N T S BOUNDARIES AND. INTRODUCTION ' TESTIMONY AT PUBLIC HEARINGS 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. • • 3 PART I 1. LAND USE! SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY ...4 The Colonial. Period - Farms and Forts' 4 The Early Republic ,.. „• 5 1815-1850 -A Residential Neighborhood .............. (. 6 1850-1900- Entertainment, Commerce and Industry 6 Decay and Rebirth -Artists and Industry ;. 8 2. STYLISTIC HISTORY .... ,' : 9 . Early Non-Commercial Architecture ; 9 Early Commercial Architecture 9 Cast-iron Architecture ..... 12 Later Architecture I Developments ,..'. 14 3. CAST IRON AS A BUILDING MATERIAL 16 .Cast.Iron and Wrought Iron: Ear I y. Development and Use 16 Structural Techniques 17 Cast Iron Developments in the United States .......18 Cast Iron in New York City -. ..'..' 19 The Work of Daniel Badger and James Bogardus '.. 19 The Virtues and. Defects of Cast Iron 21 4. CAST IRON AND ARCHITECTURE 24 Footnotes - 26 . : PART II BLOCK BY BLOCK DESCRIPTIONS BROADWAY Canal to, Howard Street: West Side Only in District - Nos. 419-429 31 Howard to Grand Street: West Side - Nos. 431-461 32 East Side - Nos. 434-458 34 -v- SH-CI HD CONTENTS (Cont'd.) Grand to Broome Street: • -. West Side - Nos. 469-487 East Side - Nos. 464-486 Broome to Spring Street: West Side - Nos. 489-527 East Side - Nos. 488-528 Spring to Prince Street: West Side - Nos. 529-567 East ,SI,de - Nos. ,530-566 Prince to Houston Street,; '• West Side- Nos. 569-601 East Side - Nos. 568^-602 BROOME STREET , . , . .. , . ;- Crosby .Street „to Broadway: . South." Side,- Nos,.. .429-441 \. Nor.th.Si.de - Nos. 432--440 . Broadway, .to Mer.cer Street: .. South Side - Nos. 443-449 . North' Side - Nos. 442-452 Mercer to Greene Street: . South Side - Nos.. 453.-467. , North Side - Nos.. 454-4.68 Greene to Wooster Street: South Side - Nos. 469-481 North Side - Nos. 470-482 Wooster Street to West Broadway: , South Side -- Nos. 483-499 . North Side -.Nos.. 484-500, CANAL' STREET " . Broadway to Mercer Street: North Side Only in District - Nos. Mercer to Greene Street: North Side Only in District - Nos. Greene to Wooster Street: North Side Only in District - Nos. Wooster Street to West Broadway: North Side Only in District - Nos. CROSBY STREET Howard to Grand Street: West Side Only in District - Nos. Grand to Broome Street: West Side Only in District - Nos. SH-CI HD CONTENTS (Cont'd.) Broome to Spring Street: West Side Only in District - Nos. 44-72 76 Spring to Prince Street: West Side Only in District - Nos. 78-104 78 Prince to East Houston Street: :. West Side Only in District. - Nos.,,I06rl40.......:...; 79 EAST HOUSTON STREET (see: Houston Street) GRAND STREET , ... West Broadway to Wooster Street; South Side - Nos. 53-69. • 81 North Side - Nos. 54-70 81 Wooster. to Greene Street: . South Side - Nos. 71-87 83 North Side - Nos. 72-88 85 Greene to Mercer. Street: •• ; South Side - Nos. 89-105 85 North Side - Nos. 90-104 .....: .86 Mercer Street to Broadway: ... South Side - Nos. 107-119 ' 87 North Side - Nos. 106-118 88 Broadway to Crosby Street: South Side - Nos. 123-131 88 North Side - Nos. 120-132 ; 89 GREENE STREET Canal to Grand Street: : • West Side -Nos. .15-31 .. ; 91 East Side - Nos. 8-34 92 . Grand to Broome Street: ..... West Side - Nos. 33-55 94 East Side - Nos. 38-54 95 Broome to Spring Street: ' • West Side - Nos. 57-85 97 East Side - Nos. 56-86 99 Spring to' Prince Street: ' West Side - Nos. 87-1 17 101. East Side - Nos. 90-122 , 103 Prince to West Houston Street:•; West Side - Nos. 119-145.. 104 East Side - Nos. 124-152 107 \ SH-CI HD CONTENTS (Cont'd.) HOUSTON STREET Crosby Street to Broadway: (E, Houston) : . •. South. Side. Only in District - Nos:. • I-H7. .......;.;..;.;..'. 109 Broadway to Mercer Street: (W. Houston) • South. Sjde -Only in District - Nos. 1-17 .;;. .i ....*.......; 109 Mercer to Greene Street: South Side Only in District - Nos. .19-35 .................. 109 Greene to Wooster Street: South Side Only in District - Nos. 37-59 109 Wooster Street to West Broadway: • • .,.. .South Si.de. Only, .in District. -,, Nos. 65-83: ,109 HOWARD STREET Crosby Street to Broadway: North Side Only in District - Nos. 30-42 Ill Broadway to Mercer. Street; ... ..." • , •• North Side - Nos. 46-54 I 12 South Side - Nos. 43-53 .. 114 MERCER STREET Canal to .Grand Street:.. ,. ' •' •-.-.•• West Side - No's. 1-35 I 15 East Side - Canal to Howard Street, Nos. 2-12 117 Howard to Grand Street, Nos. 14-32 118 Grand to Broome Street: West Side - Nos. 37-59 v;;.;u:...v 119 Broome to Spring Street: West Side - Nos. 65-99 ;.......; 122 , East Si.de - Nos. 62-98 124 Spring to Prince Street: West Side - Nos. 101-137 i 125 ,,, East Side - Nos. ,.1.00-132 '. 128 Prince to West Houston Street: " West Side - Nos. 141-173 ••...... ....;.. 129 . .East Side - Nos..142-172 . •...•.....•.... ...131 PRINCE STREET Crosby to Broadway: South Side - Nos. 72-78 133 North Side - No. 69 133 -viii- SH-C! HD CONTENTS (Cont'd.) Broadway to Mercer Street: South Side - Nos. 86-92 134 North Side - Nos. 85-91 .' 135 Mercer to Greene Street: South Side - Nos. 94-108 135 North Side - Nos. 93-107 ...• 136 Greene to^Wooster'Street:. South Side- Nos. 110-126 137 North Side - Nos. 109-125 138 Wooster. to W'est Broadway: . , South. Side - Nos'. 128-142 ... • ....'......'.; 139 North Side - Nos. 129-145 '..... 139 SPRINGiSTREET. Crosby to Broadway: "' • ', . '' ' South Side- Nos."80-86 ." ....<..... ±........... 141 North Side - Nos. 79-87 .". 'i '.'. 141 Broadway to Mercer.Street: ..••••' . " South Side -Nos. 92-104 •.• 142 North Side - Nos. 91-101 142 Mercer to Greene Street: South Side - Nos. 106-124 • . ..J44 North Side - Nos. 107-121 145 Greene to Wooster Street: South Side - Nos. 128-140 .' 146 North Side - Nos. 127-1.41 ..:.......... 147 Wooster to West Broadway: South Side - Nos. 144-162,..? 148 North Side -Nos. 143-157 t .....150 ^EST BROADWAY Canal to Grand Street: East. Side,Only in District - Nos. '301-335 .151 Grand to Broome Street: East Side Only in District -,Nos. 337-361 152 Broome to Spring Street: East Side Only in District - Nos. 367-401 154 Spring to Prince Street: East Side Only in District - Nos. 407-435 , ...156 Prince to West Houston Street: East Side Only in District - Nos. 445-479 158 -ix- SH-CI HD CONTENTS (Cont'd.) WEST HOUSTON STREET (see: Houston Street) WOOSTER STREET' Canal to Grand Street: West Si'de- Nos. 1-27 ;J.... 161 East Side-r Nos. 2-30 161 Grand to Broome Street: ..'. ' West Side - Nos. 29-55! I63 . East Side-T Nos. 36-52......... .............. 164 Broome to Spring Street: West S i de - Nos. 59-9 I .... 165 East Side - Nos. 60-90 , •...' ';.. 166 Spring to Prince Street: West Side -Nos. 95-127 •'. £67 East Side - Nos. 98-128 .,..> i ' 169 Prince to West Houston Street: West Side - Nos. 131-157 ' 170 . East. S i de r Nos.' 130-160 171 ..... .-.•..••.. , PART I I I • SOURCES AND CREDITS ' 173 BIBL1OGRAPHY 174 FINDINGS AND DESIGNATION 177 APPENDICES A. Prominent Architects Represented in the District ., ...178 , B. Glossary of.Technical Terms v 186 C. Or igi na I Sidewalks, Curbs and Iron Vault Covers » 190 -x- SH-CI HD BOUNDARIES AND INTRODUCTION The SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District in lower Manhattan is nearly rectangular in shape and is bounded by Canal Street, Broadway, Upward Street, Crosby Street, East Houston Street, West Houston Street and'West,Broadway. It consists of 26 city.blocks and contains about 500 buildings'. The hyphenated name, ' SoHo-Cast Iron1' was chosen for the designation of New York City's twenty-third Historic District in order to suggest some'of the diversity of the area. The 'Cast Iron' portion of the name refers to the unique collection of cast-iron structures located within the District. ,;SoHo,!; meaning "South of Houston," is the acronym adopted by a group of;artists who moved, in the 1960s, into what then seemed* to be a doomed neighborhood. They, have given it a new life, making feasible the: preservation of an irreplaceable part of our cultural heritage. The.use of the double name is also intended to suggest that, even architecturally, the District contains more than just cast-iron buildings, important though they are. Indeed, the District contains some of the City's most interesting extant examples of brick, stone and mixed iron-and-masonry commercial construction of the post-Civil War period. The body of this designation report is divided into three parts: Part I_ discusses the social and economic history and the architectural develop ment of the area, and provides background information on the use of cast iron as a building material and its application to architectural forms. Through this analysis, the following factors relating to the unique significance of the District are emphasized: (1) The social, cultural and economic history of the District has been, and is again becoming, as varied and colorful as any to be found in New York City.