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Delhi Human Development Report 2006 Haryana DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2006 HARYANA UTTAR PRADESH LEGEND DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2006 Partnerships for Progress Government of NCT of Delhi 1 1 YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi 110 001 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. Published in India by Oxford University Press, New Delhi © Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi 2006 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Oxford University Press. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer ISBN-13: 978-0-19-568362-2 ISBN-10: 0-19-568362-5 Typeset in Garamond 10/12.5 by Eleven Arts, Keshav Puram, Delhi 110 035 Printed in India by ............................ Published by Oxford University Press YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi 110 001 TEAM FOR THE PREPARATION OF Delhi Human Development Report 2006 Human Development Report Cell Panel of Consultants Coordinator and Head Lead author and editor Ramesh Chandra A.K. Shiva Kumar Officer on Special Duty Principal Contributors R.K. Verma Rukmini Banerjee, P.C. Bhatnagar, Somnath Bhattacharjee, Sachin Bhowmick, Vasudha Dhagamwar, Saurabh Jauhari, Former Additional Secretaries (Planning) Niraja Jayal, Amitabh Kundu, O.P. Mathur, Sanjeev Khirwar and Sanjay Kumar Saxena Preet Rustagi, Alakh N. Sharma, Palak Sikri and Director (Planning) Kapila Vatsyayan. B.K. Sharma Joint Directors Key partners L.N. Meena and B.L. Pathak Action Aid India, Centre for Women’s Development Studies, Deputy Directors Centre for Science and Environment, Childhood Deepak Sengupta and B.S. Rawat Enhancement through Training and Action (CHETNA), Statistical Officer Child Rights and You (CRY), India Habitat Centre, V. Ramaswamy Institute for Human Development, Jagori, MARG, Research Officers PRATHAM, United Nations Development Programme B.K. Kakkar and P.K. Khanna (UNDP), UNICEF, Voluntary Health Association of India Support Staff and Winrock India. Ranjan Kumar, Jitesh Minocha, A.P.S. Rawat, Jeet Singh and Veda Sunder United Nations Development Programme Planning Commission India MESSAGE We congratulate the Government of Delhi for preparing the first Human Development Report for Delhi. Delhi is a melting pot where diverse Indian cultures intermingle. This Report aptly captures this kaleidoscopic City-State tracing its rich heritage and its emergence as a modern national capital. Being the first State Human Development Report in India for an urban City-State, this Report is of interest to a wide range of urban planners, policy makers and opinion leaders. The challenges and opportunities of globalization, especially in the urban context, require greater understanding of livelihood and human development issues for the urban poor and disadvantaged sections, especially women and those employed in the informal sector. We are very pleased that the Delhi Human Development Report has a strong focus on gender issues and ensuring that the fruits of economic growth are shared equitably. We are confident that the Delhi Human Development Report and its dissemination would further strengthen the dialogue on human development in Delhi and catalyse focused public action by government, civil society and the private sector. We once again felicitate the Government of Delhi for the preparation of its first Human Development Report. R. Bandyopadhyay Maxine Olson Adviser (RD/SP-S), Planning Commission UNDP Resident Representative & Government of India UN Resident Coordinator GOVT. OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI DELHI SECRETARIAT, I.P. ESTATE, NEW DELHI-110002 SHEILA DIKSHIT CHIEF MINISTER FOREWORD I see this first Human Development Report areas: addressing the water crisis, solving the prepared for Delhi as a milestone in our housing problem for the poor, addressing the continuing efforts to make the city-state a safer power shortage, improving public safety and and more secure place for all residents. This making Delhi a child-friendly city. These are vision can be realised only when every woman, concerns that cut across all sections of society. man and child living in Delhi can enjoy the We pledge to act on them with a sense of best quality of life this country can offer. And urgency. it can happen only when residents and the The third important contribution of this Government join hands and contribute towards Report is to show the way to move forward. making Delhi truly emblematic of India. A clear set of Delhi Development Goals have This Report contains important messages been spelt out. And the Report argues that for all of us. First, the problem facing Delhi in only through partnerships and sharing of almost every sphere—be it wealth, water or responsibilities between Government and power—is not one of overall shortages, but of citizens can the creative potential of Delhi be distributional inequities. Delhi reports among mobilised for the attainment of these goals the highest per capita incomes in the country, and for the betterment of all. I fully endorse but remains a city-state of many inequalities. this approach. Delhi’s environment, for instance, To anyone coming to Delhi, most striking are has improved only as a result of strong public the disparities in lifestyles of the opulent and action by civil society groups working in the poor. While some children enjoy unlimited partnership with Government. luxuries and comforts, many still clamour for Governing Delhi, as this Report highlights, safe spaces to walk and sleep. Only with is not simple. Being home to both the Central significant improvements in the lives of the Government as well as the State Government, poor will Delhi become a better and safer place there are many unresolved issues of overlap- for all. This has to be our collective priority. ping jurisdictions, multiple authorities and dif- The second useful contribution of this fused accountability. These have traditionally Human Development Report is to present a been held up as excuses for non-performance first-of-its-kind assessment of achievements and they will perhaps remain unresolved for and progress by the people who make up this some time to come. We have, however, found city-state. The survey of over 14,000 households a way out of this impasse—through the has a welcome human development bias; it Bhagidari approach to governance. For the seeks the opinions of a majority of the poor first time, Delhi’s residents have an institutional and disadvantaged whose voices are often mechanism to participate in and shape devel- muted in any society. The survey highlights opment outcomes. In this Report, you will find areas where people see considerable progress. the many ways in which residents and the These include the dramatic improvements in Government of Delhi have been working to- air quality, public transportation, schooling and gether under Bhagidari to find solutions to so on. But to me what mattes more are areas problems that affect the daily lives of people. of immediate concern to people. Delhi’s I firmly believe that sustainable solutions to residents have identified five such critical many of the problems can be found only by viii Foreword further strengthening such partnerships and progress it has made over the last seven years. by evolving effective forums for people’s par- I welcome the many practical suggestions con- ticipation and interaction with Government. tained in this Report for promoting partnerships In the next phase, our effort will be to extend to address the deficiencies in human devel- Bhagidari—to areas where the poor live, opment. And it will be my personal endeavour where Resident Welfare Associations are not as a resident, and the endeavour of the Gov- present, and where the need for collective ernment of Delhi to join hands with citizens’ public action is most needed. groups to do everything we collectively can to It will be my Government’s undertaking make Delhi a grand multicultural, pluralistic to ensure that Delhi continues to build on the society encapsulating the very idea of India. July 2006 [Sheila Dikshit] Delhi Chief Minister, Delhi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of the Report was commis- (Social Welfare), G.S. Patnaik, Divisional Com- sioned and supported by the Government missioner, Rina Ray and Geeta Sagar, Secretary of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (Education), and C. Targey, Principal Secretary (GNCTD), Planning Commission, Government (Welfare of Schedule Caste/Schedule Tribe/ of India, and United Nations Development
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