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East Prussian Marpingen? Marian Apparitions in Comparison
ZGAE 59 (2015) ARTICELS Swetlana Fink, Dietrichswalde: East Prussian Marpingen? Marian Apparitions in Comparison Just as Marpingen was called the ”German Lourdes” by contemporaries so was Dietrichswalde called the “East Prussian Marpingen”. Since the appearance of the Virgin Mary in Lourdes in 1858 dozens of Marian apparitions throughout Europe have been reported. Against this background, the article compares the two pilgrimages in the western and eastern border territories of Prussia. Methodologically, the treatise refrains from theological argumentation. It is rather committed to studies of social and cultural history with their socio-historic analytical categories like power, class, status, gender. The apparitions in Dietrichswalde are typologically similar to other Marian apparitions in Central Europe in the 19th century. Yet, the differences and specific qualities must not be overlooked. The visionaries of Dietrichswalde belonged to a minority speaking a Polish dialect in Southern Warmia. They were strongly influenced by Polish national piety. During the “Kulturkampf” (culture struggle, culture clash) the Warmian Poles were challenged by the Prussian government to defend their claim on language. Prussian authorities had dissolved Lonk Monastery in West Prussia of former Prussia belonging to a royal Polish part of the country. The visionaries hoped for a restoration of the monastery by the Virgin Mary. Into the present, especially since the time of the Polish millennium in 1966 and after the approbation of the apparitions by the Polish church in 1977, the sanctuary of Dietrichswalde remained an often visited destination of pilgrimage. It had a similar political function for the German church when, in the thirties, Bishop Maximilian Kaller made it a centre of religious demonstrations of Germans and Poles against the oppression by Nazism. -
I~ ~ Iii 1 Ml 11~
, / -(t POLIUSH@, - THE NEW GERMAN BODanER I~ ~ IIi 1 Ml 11~ By Stefan Arski PROPERTY OF INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 214 CALIFORNIA HALL T HE NE W POLISH-GERMAN B O R D E R SAFEGUARD OF PEACE By Stefan Arski 1947 POLISH EMBASSY WASHINGTON, D. C. POLAND'S NEW BOUNDARIES a\ @ TEDEN ;AKlajped T5ONRHOLM C A a < nia , (Kbn i9sberq) Ko 0 N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- K~~~towicealst Pr~~ue J~~'~2ir~~cou Shaded area: former German territories, east of the Oder and Neisse frontier, assigned to Poland at Potsdam by the three great Allied powers: the United States, the Soviet Union and Great Britain. The whole area comprising 39,000 square miles has already been settled by Poles. [ 2 ] C O N T E N T S Springboard of German Aggression Page 8 Foundation of Poland's Future - Page 21 Return to the West - Page 37 No Turning Back -Page 49 First Printing, February 1947 Second Printing, July 1947 PRINED IN THE U. S. A. al, :x ..Affiliated; FOREWORD A great war has been fought and won. So tremendous and far-reaching are its consequences that the final peace settlement even now is not in sight, though the representatives of the victorious powers have been hard at work for many months. A global war requires a global peace settlement. The task is so complex, however, that a newspaper reader finds it difficult to follow the long drawn-out and wearisome negotiations over a period of many months or even of years. Moreover, some of the issues may seem so unfamiliar, so remote from the immediate interests of the average American as hardly to be worth the attention and effort their comprehension requires. -
Witold Gieszczyński Human Migration on the Territory of the Former East Prussia After the Second World War
Witold Gieszczyński Human Migration on the Territory of the Former East Prussia after the Second World War Echa Przeszłości 12, 189-200 2011 ECHA PRZESZŁOŚCI XII, 2011 ISSN 1509-9873 Witold Gieszczyński HUMAN MIGRATION ON THE TERRITORY OF THE FORMER EAST PRUSSIA AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR Following the ratification of treaties to partition Poland dated 5 August 1772, the Royal Prussia with Warmia (Germ. Ermland), excluding Gdańsk and Toruń, and the Noteć District (Germ. Netzedistrikt) with Bydgoszcz were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia1. Under a decree of 31 January 1773, the kingdom of Frederic II was expanded to include “West Prussia” (Germ. Westpreussen) as well as an administrative unit referred to as the “East Prussia province” (Germ. Provinz Ostpreussen), comprising Warmia, a region in pre-partition Poland, and Royal Prussia, a fiefdom of the Crown of Poland in 1525-16572. Beginning with the unification of Germany in 1871, East Prussia became a part of the Reich. In 1829, both provinces were formally united into a single “province of Prussia”, but the former division into two provinces of “West Prussia” and “East Prussia” was restored already in 18783. After the World War I, in an attempt to resolve the Polish-Ger man dispute over the territories in Warmia, Mazury and Powiśle, the Trea ty of Versailles of 28 June 1919 ordered a poll in Prussia. On 11 July 1920, the majority of the local constituents chose to be a part of East 1 S. Salmonowicz, Prusy. Dzieje państwa i społeczeństwa, Warszawa 2004, p. 212; Ch. Clark, Prusy. Powstanie i upadek 1600-1947, Warszawa 2009, pp. -
Wykaz Identyfikatorów I Nazw Jednostek Podziału Terytorialnego Kraju” Zawiera Jednostki Tego Podziału Określone W: − Ustawie Z Dnia 24 Lipca 1998 R
ZAK£AD WYDAWNICTW STATYSTYCZNYCH, 00-925 WARSZAWA, AL. NIEPODLEG£0ŒCI 208 Informacje w sprawach sprzeda¿y publikacji – tel.: (0 22) 608 32 10, 608 38 10 PRZEDMOWA Niniejsza publikacja „Wykaz identyfikatorów i nazw jednostek podziału terytorialnego kraju” zawiera jednostki tego podziału określone w: − ustawie z dnia 24 lipca 1998 r. o wprowadzeniu zasadniczego trójstopniowego podziału terytorialnego państwa (Dz. U. Nr 96, poz. 603 i Nr 104, poz. 656), − rozporządzeniu Rady Ministrów z dnia 7 sierpnia 1998 r. w sprawie utworzenia powiatów (Dz. U. Nr 103, poz. 652) zaktualizowane na dzień 1 stycznia 2010 r. Aktualizacja ta uwzględnia zmiany w podziale teryto- rialnym kraju dokonane na podstawie rozporządzeń Rady Ministrów w okresie od 02.01.1999 r. do 01.01.2010 r. W „Wykazie...”, jako odrębne pozycje wchodzące w skład jednostek zasadniczego podziału terytorialnego kraju ujęto dzielnice m. st. Warszawy oraz delegatury (dawne dzielnice) miast: Kraków, Łódź, Poznań i Wrocław a także miasta i obszary wiejskie wchodzące w skład gmin miejsko-wiejskich. Zamieszczone w wykazie identyfikatory jednostek podziału terytorialnego zostały okre- ślone w: − załączniku nr 1 do rozporządzenia Rady Ministrów z dnia 15 grudnia 1998 r. w sprawie szczegółowych zasad prowadzenia, stosowania i udostępniania krajowego rejestru urzędo- wego podziału terytorialnego kraju oraz związanych z tym obowiązków organów admini- stracji rządowej i jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, obowiązującego od dnia 1 stycz- nia 1999 r. (Dz. U. z 1998 r. Nr 157, poz. 1031), − kolejnych rozporządzeniach Rady Ministrów zmieniających powyższe rozporządzenie w zakresie załącznika nr 1 (Dz. U. z 2000 Nr 13, poz. 161, z 2001 r. Nr 12, poz. 100 i Nr 157, poz. -
Bruno Kamiński
Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956) Bruno Kamiński Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, 14 June 2016 European University Institute Department of History and Civilization Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956) Bruno Kamiński Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Prof. Pavel Kolář (EUI) - Supervisor Prof. Alexander Etkind (EUI) Prof. Anita Prażmowska (London School Of Economics) Prof. Dariusz Stola (University of Warsaw and Polish Academy of Science) © Bruno Kamiński, 2016 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Researcher declaration to accompany the submission of written work Department of History and Civilization - Doctoral Programme I <Bruno Kamiński> certify that I am the author of the work < Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956)> I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. at the European University Institute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained all the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications. -
Public Buildings and Urban Planning in Gdańsk/Danzig from 1933–1945
kunsttexte.de/ostblick 3/2019 - 1 Ja!oda ?a5@ska-Kaczko &ublic .uildin!s and Brban &lannin! in "da#sk/$anzi! fro% 193321913 Few studies have discussed the Nazi influence on ar- formation of a Nazi-do%inated Denate that carried chitecture and urban lanning in "dańsk/Danzig.1 Nu- out orders fro% .erlin. /he Free Cit' of $anzi! was %erous &olish and "erman ublications on the city’s formall' under the 7ea!ue of Nations and unable to history, %onu%ent reservation, or *oint ublications run an inde endent forei!n olic') which was on architecture under Nazi rule offer only !eneral re- entrusted to the Fe ublic of &oland. However) its %arks on local architects and invest%ents carried out newl' elected !overn%ent had revisionist tendencies after 1933. +ajor contributions on the to ic include, a and i% le%ented a Jback ho%e to the FeichK %ono!ra h b' Katja .ernhardt on architects fro% the a!enda <0ei% ins Feich=. 4ith utter disre!ard for the /echnische 0ochschule $anzig fro% 1904–1945,2 rule of law) the new authorities banned o osition .irte &usback’s account of the restoration of historic and free ress) sought to alter the constitution) houses in the cit' fro% 1933–1939,3 a reliminary %ar!inalized the Volksta!) and curtailed the liberties stud' b' 4iesław "ruszkowski on unrealized urban of &olish and 8ewish citizens) the ulti%ate !oal bein! lanning rojects fro% the time of 4orld 4ar 66)1 their social and econo%ic exclusion. 6n so doin!) the which was later develo ed b' &iotr Lorens,3 an ex- Free Cit' of $anzi! sou!ht to beco%e one with the tensive reliminary stud' and %ono!ra h b' 8an Feich. -
Galicia: a Multi-Ethnic Overview and Settlement History with Special Reference to Bukovina by Irmgard Hein Ellingson1 Tam I Kiedys - There Once Upon a Time
Galicia: A Multi-Ethnic Overview and Settlement History with Special Reference to Bukovina by Irmgard Hein Ellingson1 tam i kiedys - there once upon a time Family history researchers place great value upon name of the village from which he emigrated or the place in primary source documents. We want to seek out the original which he settled, we assume that no one does - and that we church records, ship lists, census lists, land records and other will be the ones to discover the family’s “origin.” forms of documentation that may establish someone’s If you had German ancestors in Galicia or Bukovina, presence at a certain location and at a particular point in time. whether they were Evangelical or Catholic, from Most will begin by visiting a local Family History Center to southwestern Germany or from Bohemia, much of this determine record availability and as soon as possible, want information may already be a matter of record and has been to read films to find ancestors and their family groups. for decades. Researchers such as Dr. Franz Wilhelm and Dr. Very few, however, take any time to read and learn Josef Kallbrunner as well as Ludwig Schneider reviewed about the people, places, and the times in which their lists of late eighteenth-century immigrants who registered at ancestors lived. Instead they tend to dive into the records various points on the route to settlement in the eastern with a Star Trek mentality: Genealogy, the final frontier. Habsburg empire. Wilhelm and Kallbrunner’s Quellen zur These are the voyages of the family history researcher. -
German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939–1943 Witold Wojciech Me¸Dykowski
Macht Arbeit Frei? German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939–1943 Witold Wojciech Me¸dykowski Boston 2018 Jews of Poland Series Editor ANTONY POLONSKY (Brandeis University) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: the bibliographic record for this title is available from the Library of Congress. © Academic Studies Press, 2018 ISBN 978-1-61811-596-6 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-61811-597-3 (electronic) Book design by Kryon Publishing Services (P) Ltd. www.kryonpublishing.com Academic Studies Press 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA P: (617)782-6290 F: (857)241-3149 [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com This publication is supported by An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN for this book is 978-1-61811-907-0. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. To Luba, with special thanks and gratitude Table of Contents Acknowledgements v Introduction vii Part One Chapter 1: The War against Poland and the Beginning of German Economic Policy in the Ocсupied Territory 1 Chapter 2: Forced Labor from the Period of Military Government until the Beginning of Ghettoization 18 Chapter 3: Forced Labor in the Ghettos and Labor Detachments 74 Chapter 4: Forced Labor in the Labor Camps 134 Part Two Chapter -
The Realization of the Autostrada A1 in Poland: a Discussion of Spatial Implications
THE REALIZATION OF THE AUTOSTRADA A1 IN POLAND: A DISCUSSION OF SPATIAL IMPLICATIONS BY DEVON M. LECHTENBERG THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Adviser: Professor Julie Cidell ABSTRACT The Autostrada A1 is a highway currently under construction in Poland. The Autostrada A1 will connect two major Polish ports on the Baltic Sea with industrial areas in the south of the country. Together with the construction of other major highways such as the A2, A3, and A4, it will form a network the significance of which for Poland is paralleled by the Interstate Highway system in the United States and the Autobahn network in Germany. I would suggest that almost every effect that the Autostrada A1 or its realization has had or will have on its environment carries spatial implications. Economic and demographic patterns will likely be significantly affected by the presence of a new north-south highway in Poland. The Autostrada A1 itself, the process to build it, and the transformed government and legal regimes to administer it are all Polish spaces which are merging with the greater space of the European Union while still having ties to the East. Implicit in this process is the further enablement of Poland and other Central European countries which will benefit from the Autostrada A1 to realize their full economic, political and social potential within the contemporary order in Europe and the world. -
Mondi ŚWIECIE S.A. SEAT Report 2020
Mondi Group www.mondigroup.com Mondi ŚWIECIE S.A. SEAT Report 2020 This report is also available in Polish Contents SECTION 1 SECTION 4 continued Introduction Safety at work 14 Report structure 1 Social activities for employees 15 Background: Who we are and 1 Community engagement 15 why our SEATs are important Government and 17 business relations SECTION 2 Environmental footprint 17 Assessment objectives and management and methodology Energy and carbon footprint 18 Objectives 2 Waste management 19 Methodology 2 Air and water emissions 20 SEAT team 3 International certification 21 Key stakeholders 3 standards Acknowledgements 3 Wood supply 21 SECTION 3 SECTION 5 Overview of surroundings Results of the assessment Świecie on the map 4 General observations 22 The Świecie and Chełmno counties 5 SEAT Attendance and process 22 About Świecie county 5 Positive findings 22 About Chełmno county 5 Employment 22 The Świecie municipality and town 6 Contractors 22 Demographics 6 Community involvement 22 Trade and industry 7 Safety and health 23 Infrastructure 7 Communication 23 Transport and connectivity 7 Managing maintenance 23 shutdowns Schools 7 Environmental management 23 Challenges identified and 24 SECTION 4 stakeholders’ further comments About Mondi Świecie and expectations Introduction 8 Employment 24 Background: The history of 9 Contractors 30 Mondi Świecie Shutdowns 32 Social management systems 11 Communication 33 People development 11 Gender diversity 12 Annexure: Inventory of 36 recent projects makes us Employee survey 12 Cooperation with schools 12 Glossary of terms 41 Communication practices 13 Contact details OBC Mondi SECTION 1 Introduction Background: Who we are and certification bodies and regulators, as well as the media. -
Das Verbrechen Von Pommern Instytut Pami Ęci N Arodowej Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Das Verbrechen von Pommern Instytut PamI ęcI n arodowej Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Warszawa 2018 II INSTITUT FÜR NATIONALES GEDENKEN Kommission für die Verfolgung von Verbrechen gegen die polnische Nation Das Verbrechen von Pommern Warschau 2018 [...] Zehntausende Polen fielen zum Opfer allein lokaler Hinrich- tungen, die von der SS, Polizei und dem Volksdeutschen Selbst- schutz, durchgeführt wurden [...]. In dieser Hinsicht nahm Pom- mern eine führende Position vor allen anderen Bezirken ein. Martin Broszat Die Welt und sogar die polnische Gesellschaft und die polnische Geschichtsschreibung über den Zweiten Weltkrieg haben der Besonderheit der deutschen Verbrechen in Pommern in dieser ersten Periode der deutschen Besetzung keine über den regio- nalen Maßstab hinausgehende öffentliche Beachtung geschenkt. Stanisław Salmonowicz Mit den Massenhinrichtungen in Polen und mit den Krankenmor- den begann das NS-Regime die systematische, rassistisch un- terbaute Vernichtungspolitik umzusetzen – fast zwei Jahre bevor 1941 der Völkermord an den Juden begann. Peter Longerich Die westlichen Grenzgebiete Begrüßung polnischer Truppen 1941 in Infolge des Ersten Weltkrieges und der Bestimmungen Bydgoszcz, 20.01.1920 des Vertrags von Versailles kehrte Weichselpommern (NAC) unter die Oberherrschaft der neu entstandenen Zweiten Republik Polen zurück. Die polnischen Einwohner von Pommern haben nach Jahren der Teilung Polens ihren unabhängigen Staat, um den ihre Großväter und Väter jahrelang gekämpft haben, wiedergewonnen. Im August 1919 wurde die Woiwodschaft Pommern gebildet. Der tatsächliche Anschluss von Pommern an Polen fand im Januar-Februar 1920 statt, als die polnischen Truppen in die pommerschen Städte einmarschierten. Sie wur- den von der polnischen Bevölkerung mit Begeisterung begrüßt. Viele Polen haben sich für den Wiederaufbau der staatlichen Strukturen in der Region, die länger als ein Jahrhundert ein Teil Preußens war, eingesetzt. -
Geographia Polonica Vol. 90 No. 3 (2017) Political and Administrative Boundaries of the German Statei N the 20Th Century
Geographia Polonica 2017, Volume 90, Issue 3, pp. 335-350 https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0095 INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES www.igipz.pan.pl www.geographiapolonica.pl POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES OF THE GERMAN STATE IN THE 20TH CENTURY* Piotr Eberhardt Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw: Poland e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The paper presents the changes in the political and administrative boundaries of the German state, which took place during the 20th century. The starting point is constituted by the political pattern having developed after the establishment of the German Empire in 1871, this pattern lasting until the World War I. Then, the territorial consequences are considered of the decisions, taken at the Versailles Peace Conference. After the presentation of the situation existing during the inter-war period, the political transformations are shown of the annexation politics of the Nazi Germany. The final part of the paper is devoted to the territorial effects that the Potsdam Treaty brought for the defeated Germany. Key words political and administrative boundaries • German Empire • German Republic • Nazi Germany • Versailles Peace Conference • Potsdam Treaty • World War I • World War II Germany before the World War I were often yet the consequences of the feu- dal breakdown of the German Reich. These The German Empire, established in 1871 af- elements of historical heritage were very ter the victorious war with France, had a very strongly embedded in the consciousness complicated political and administrative struc- of the Germans, and the attempts of eliminat- ture.