Zapomniani Kaci Hitlera Hitler’S Forgotten Executioners
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ARTYKUŁ German Camps on Polish Lands Between 1939-1945 HISTORICAL ERA Author
Stutthof, Nazi German concentration camp. Photo: AIPN ARTYKUŁ German camps on Polish lands between 1939-1945 HISTORICAL ERA (1939-1945) II wojna światowa Author: Monika Tomkiewicz 22.01.2020 The article below is an introduction to the functioning of German camps between 1939-1945 at the Polish territories in their current borders. During the German occupation, Polish citizens were subjected to the extermination policy of the Third Reich which goal was to biologically annihilate the entire nation and completely eradicate its culture. The criminal operations on Polish citizens began in September 1939, conducted by the troops of Wehrmacht, SS, Einsatzgruppen, Gestapo and Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz. Since that time, until almost the very end of the war in 1945, mass murders were committed in German concentration and death camps as well as in other places of forced detention like penitentiaries; jails; labour, POW, intern and forced relocation camps; and also ghettos created for the Jewish population. All these places built in occupied Poland – camps, temporary camps, ghettos and labour facilities of various kinds were meant for physical eradication of prisoners for economical purposes of the Third Reich. Polish citizens were also held in various camps in the Third Reich and in other occupied European countries. All these places built in occupied Poland – camps, temporary camps, ghettos and labour facilities of various kinds were meant for physical eradication of prisoners for economical purposes of the Third Reich. The model of a concentration camp prepared in the Third Reich between 1933-1937 with precisely determined internal organisation structure of the SS crews, rules of treatment and punishment of prisoners was systematically introduced at the territory of occupied Poland in camps established there. -
SS-Totenkopfverbände from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande)
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history SS-Totenkopfverbände From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande) Navigation Not to be confused with 3rd SS Division Totenkopf, the Waffen-SS fighting unit. Main page This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason Contents has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2010) Featured content Current events This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding Random article citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) Donate to Wikipedia [2] SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), rendered in English as "Death's-Head Units" (literally SS-TV meaning "Skull Units"), was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi SS-Totenkopfverbände Interaction concentration camps for the Third Reich. Help The SS-TV was an independent unit within the SS with its own ranks and command About Wikipedia structure. It ran the camps throughout Germany, such as Dachau, Bergen-Belsen and Community portal Buchenwald; in Nazi-occupied Europe, it ran Auschwitz in German occupied Poland and Recent changes Mauthausen in Austria as well as numerous other concentration and death camps. The Contact Wikipedia death camps' primary function was genocide and included Treblinka, Bełżec extermination camp and Sobibor. It was responsible for facilitating what was called the Final Solution, Totenkopf (Death's head) collar insignia, 13th Standarte known since as the Holocaust, in collaboration with the Reich Main Security Office[3] and the Toolbox of the SS-Totenkopfverbände SS Economic and Administrative Main Office or WVHA. -
East Prussian Marpingen? Marian Apparitions in Comparison
ZGAE 59 (2015) ARTICELS Swetlana Fink, Dietrichswalde: East Prussian Marpingen? Marian Apparitions in Comparison Just as Marpingen was called the ”German Lourdes” by contemporaries so was Dietrichswalde called the “East Prussian Marpingen”. Since the appearance of the Virgin Mary in Lourdes in 1858 dozens of Marian apparitions throughout Europe have been reported. Against this background, the article compares the two pilgrimages in the western and eastern border territories of Prussia. Methodologically, the treatise refrains from theological argumentation. It is rather committed to studies of social and cultural history with their socio-historic analytical categories like power, class, status, gender. The apparitions in Dietrichswalde are typologically similar to other Marian apparitions in Central Europe in the 19th century. Yet, the differences and specific qualities must not be overlooked. The visionaries of Dietrichswalde belonged to a minority speaking a Polish dialect in Southern Warmia. They were strongly influenced by Polish national piety. During the “Kulturkampf” (culture struggle, culture clash) the Warmian Poles were challenged by the Prussian government to defend their claim on language. Prussian authorities had dissolved Lonk Monastery in West Prussia of former Prussia belonging to a royal Polish part of the country. The visionaries hoped for a restoration of the monastery by the Virgin Mary. Into the present, especially since the time of the Polish millennium in 1966 and after the approbation of the apparitions by the Polish church in 1977, the sanctuary of Dietrichswalde remained an often visited destination of pilgrimage. It had a similar political function for the German church when, in the thirties, Bishop Maximilian Kaller made it a centre of religious demonstrations of Germans and Poles against the oppression by Nazism. -
Peter Black Odilo Globocnik, Nazi Eastern Policy, and the Implementation of the Final Solution
www.doew.at – Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes (Hrsg.), Forschungen zum Natio- nalsozialismus und dessen Nachwirkungen in Österreich. Festschrift für Brigitte Bailer, Wien 2012 91 Peter Black Odilo Globocnik, Nazi Eastern Policy, and the Implementation of the Final Solution During the spring of 1943, while on an inspection tour of occupied Poland that included a briefing on the annihilation of the Polish Jews, SS Personnel Main Office chief Maximilian von Herff characterized Lublin District SS and Police Leader and SS-Gruppenführer Odilo Globocnik, in the following way: “A man fully charged with all possible light and dark sides. Little concerned with ap- pearances, fanatically obsessed with the task, [he] engages himself to the limit without concern for health or superficial recognition. His energy drives him of- ten to breach existing boundaries and to forget the boundaries established for him within the [SS-] Order – not out of personal ambition, but much more for the sake of his obsession with the matter at hand. His success speaks unconditionally for him.”1 Von Herff’s analysis of Globocnik’s reflected a consistent pattern in the ca- reer of the Nazi Party organizer and SS officer, who characteristically atoned for his transgressions of the National Socialist code of behavior by fanatical pursuit and implementation of core Nazi goals.2 Globocnik was born to Austro-Croat parents on April 21, 1904 in multina- tional Trieste, then the principal seaport of the Habsburg Monarchy. His father’s family had come from Neumarkt (Tržič), in Slovenia. Franz Globocnik served as a Habsburg cavalry lieutenant and later a senior postal official; he died of pneumonia on December 1, 1919. -
Holocaust Glossary
Holocaust Glossary A ● Allies: 26 nations led by Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union that opposed Germany, Italy, and Japan (known as the Axis powers) in World War II. ● Antisemitism: Hostility toward or hatred of Jews as a religious or ethnic group, often accompanied by social, economic, or political discrimination. (USHMM) ● Appellplatz: German word for the roll call square where prisoners were forced to assemble. (USHMM) ● Arbeit Macht Frei: “Work makes you free” is emblazoned on the gates at Auschwitz and was intended to deceive prisoners about the camp’s function (Holocaust Museum Houston) ● Aryan: Term used in Nazi Germany to refer to non-Jewish and non-Gypsy Caucasians. Northern Europeans with especially “Nordic” features such as blonde hair and blue eyes were considered by so-called race scientists to be the most superior of Aryans, members of a “master race.” (USHMM) ● Auschwitz: The largest Nazi concentration camp/death camp complex, located 37 miles west of Krakow, Poland. The Auschwitz main camp (Auschwitz I) was established in 1940. In 1942, a killing center was established at Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II). In 1941, Auschwitz-Monowitz (Auschwitz III) was established as a forced-labor camp. More than 100 subcamps and labor detachments were administratively connected to Auschwitz III. (USHMM) Pictured right: Auschwitz I. B ● Babi Yar: A ravine near Kiev where almost 34,000 Jews were killed by German soldiers in two days in September 1941 (Holocaust Museum Houston) ● Barrack: The building in which camp prisoners lived. The material, size, and conditions of the structures varied from camp to camp. -
I~ ~ Iii 1 Ml 11~
, / -(t POLIUSH@, - THE NEW GERMAN BODanER I~ ~ IIi 1 Ml 11~ By Stefan Arski PROPERTY OF INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 214 CALIFORNIA HALL T HE NE W POLISH-GERMAN B O R D E R SAFEGUARD OF PEACE By Stefan Arski 1947 POLISH EMBASSY WASHINGTON, D. C. POLAND'S NEW BOUNDARIES a\ @ TEDEN ;AKlajped T5ONRHOLM C A a < nia , (Kbn i9sberq) Ko 0 N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- K~~~towicealst Pr~~ue J~~'~2ir~~cou Shaded area: former German territories, east of the Oder and Neisse frontier, assigned to Poland at Potsdam by the three great Allied powers: the United States, the Soviet Union and Great Britain. The whole area comprising 39,000 square miles has already been settled by Poles. [ 2 ] C O N T E N T S Springboard of German Aggression Page 8 Foundation of Poland's Future - Page 21 Return to the West - Page 37 No Turning Back -Page 49 First Printing, February 1947 Second Printing, July 1947 PRINED IN THE U. S. A. al, :x ..Affiliated; FOREWORD A great war has been fought and won. So tremendous and far-reaching are its consequences that the final peace settlement even now is not in sight, though the representatives of the victorious powers have been hard at work for many months. A global war requires a global peace settlement. The task is so complex, however, that a newspaper reader finds it difficult to follow the long drawn-out and wearisome negotiations over a period of many months or even of years. Moreover, some of the issues may seem so unfamiliar, so remote from the immediate interests of the average American as hardly to be worth the attention and effort their comprehension requires. -
Witold Gieszczyński Human Migration on the Territory of the Former East Prussia After the Second World War
Witold Gieszczyński Human Migration on the Territory of the Former East Prussia after the Second World War Echa Przeszłości 12, 189-200 2011 ECHA PRZESZŁOŚCI XII, 2011 ISSN 1509-9873 Witold Gieszczyński HUMAN MIGRATION ON THE TERRITORY OF THE FORMER EAST PRUSSIA AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR Following the ratification of treaties to partition Poland dated 5 August 1772, the Royal Prussia with Warmia (Germ. Ermland), excluding Gdańsk and Toruń, and the Noteć District (Germ. Netzedistrikt) with Bydgoszcz were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia1. Under a decree of 31 January 1773, the kingdom of Frederic II was expanded to include “West Prussia” (Germ. Westpreussen) as well as an administrative unit referred to as the “East Prussia province” (Germ. Provinz Ostpreussen), comprising Warmia, a region in pre-partition Poland, and Royal Prussia, a fiefdom of the Crown of Poland in 1525-16572. Beginning with the unification of Germany in 1871, East Prussia became a part of the Reich. In 1829, both provinces were formally united into a single “province of Prussia”, but the former division into two provinces of “West Prussia” and “East Prussia” was restored already in 18783. After the World War I, in an attempt to resolve the Polish-Ger man dispute over the territories in Warmia, Mazury and Powiśle, the Trea ty of Versailles of 28 June 1919 ordered a poll in Prussia. On 11 July 1920, the majority of the local constituents chose to be a part of East 1 S. Salmonowicz, Prusy. Dzieje państwa i społeczeństwa, Warszawa 2004, p. 212; Ch. Clark, Prusy. Powstanie i upadek 1600-1947, Warszawa 2009, pp. -
Wykaz Identyfikatorów I Nazw Jednostek Podziału Terytorialnego Kraju” Zawiera Jednostki Tego Podziału Określone W: − Ustawie Z Dnia 24 Lipca 1998 R
ZAK£AD WYDAWNICTW STATYSTYCZNYCH, 00-925 WARSZAWA, AL. NIEPODLEG£0ŒCI 208 Informacje w sprawach sprzeda¿y publikacji – tel.: (0 22) 608 32 10, 608 38 10 PRZEDMOWA Niniejsza publikacja „Wykaz identyfikatorów i nazw jednostek podziału terytorialnego kraju” zawiera jednostki tego podziału określone w: − ustawie z dnia 24 lipca 1998 r. o wprowadzeniu zasadniczego trójstopniowego podziału terytorialnego państwa (Dz. U. Nr 96, poz. 603 i Nr 104, poz. 656), − rozporządzeniu Rady Ministrów z dnia 7 sierpnia 1998 r. w sprawie utworzenia powiatów (Dz. U. Nr 103, poz. 652) zaktualizowane na dzień 1 stycznia 2010 r. Aktualizacja ta uwzględnia zmiany w podziale teryto- rialnym kraju dokonane na podstawie rozporządzeń Rady Ministrów w okresie od 02.01.1999 r. do 01.01.2010 r. W „Wykazie...”, jako odrębne pozycje wchodzące w skład jednostek zasadniczego podziału terytorialnego kraju ujęto dzielnice m. st. Warszawy oraz delegatury (dawne dzielnice) miast: Kraków, Łódź, Poznań i Wrocław a także miasta i obszary wiejskie wchodzące w skład gmin miejsko-wiejskich. Zamieszczone w wykazie identyfikatory jednostek podziału terytorialnego zostały okre- ślone w: − załączniku nr 1 do rozporządzenia Rady Ministrów z dnia 15 grudnia 1998 r. w sprawie szczegółowych zasad prowadzenia, stosowania i udostępniania krajowego rejestru urzędo- wego podziału terytorialnego kraju oraz związanych z tym obowiązków organów admini- stracji rządowej i jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, obowiązującego od dnia 1 stycz- nia 1999 r. (Dz. U. z 1998 r. Nr 157, poz. 1031), − kolejnych rozporządzeniach Rady Ministrów zmieniających powyższe rozporządzenie w zakresie załącznika nr 1 (Dz. U. z 2000 Nr 13, poz. 161, z 2001 r. Nr 12, poz. 100 i Nr 157, poz. -
Bruno Kamiński
Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956) Bruno Kamiński Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, 14 June 2016 European University Institute Department of History and Civilization Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956) Bruno Kamiński Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Prof. Pavel Kolář (EUI) - Supervisor Prof. Alexander Etkind (EUI) Prof. Anita Prażmowska (London School Of Economics) Prof. Dariusz Stola (University of Warsaw and Polish Academy of Science) © Bruno Kamiński, 2016 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Researcher declaration to accompany the submission of written work Department of History and Civilization - Doctoral Programme I <Bruno Kamiński> certify that I am the author of the work < Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956)> I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. at the European University Institute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained all the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications. -
Piaśnica a Scene of German Crimes in Pomerania in 1939
Piaśnica A scene of German crimes in Pomerania in 1939 Introduction by Monika Tomkiewicz PhD, historian and member of the Regional Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation in Gdańsk Scientific consultation Prof. dr hab. Bogdan Chrzanowski Text edited by Janosz Józefczyk Mirosław Odyniecki Correction of texts by Mateusz Ihnatowicz, PhD Jacek Pudliszewski, PhD Biographical notes written by Mateusz Ihnatowicz, PhD Cover design by Karol Formela First edition The Stutthof Museum in Sztutowo Wejherowo 2017 ISBN 978-83-946986-5-2 Published by: The Stutthof Museum in Sztutowo for the Branch Office: The Piaśnica Museum in Wejherowo (in organisation) 11/2 Św. Jacka St., 84-200 Wejherowo phone/fax: +48 58 736 11 11 e-mail: [email protected] www.muzeumpiasnickie.pl Table of Contents Introduction. Massacre in Piaśnica ................................................. 4 Piaśnica ......................................................................................... 11 Main Memorial ............................................................................. 13 Crossroads – “Pensive Christ” ...................................................... 14 Grave No. 4 ................................................................................... 15 Grave No. 1 ................................................................................... 16 Grave No. 2 ................................................................................... 17 Monument to Leon Najman – Mirza Kryczyński ......................... 18 Memorial -
Domniemane I Rzeczywiste Kontakty Prominentów Nazistowskich Z Polskością Przed 1933 Rokiem
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS WRATISLAVIENSIS No 3749 Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 38, nr 2 Wrocław 2016 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.38.2.3 WOJCIECH KAPICA Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa Domniemane i rzeczywiste kontakty prominentów nazistowskich z polskością przed 1933 rokiem Niezwykle interesująca problematyka stosunku Hitlera i narodowych socja- listów do Polski i Polaków znalazła odbicie w rzetelnych pracach rodzimych ba- daczy (J.W. Borejsza, T. Szarota, E.C. Król, H. Orłowski)1. Chciałbym się skupić w niniejszym skromnym przyczynku na kontaktach, „spotkaniach” prominen- tów nazistowskich (choć jest to „nieostry” termin)2 z szeroko pojętą polskością (Polska, a właściwie ziemie polskie3, Polacy, kultura polska) przed „Machtüber- nahme”, tj. przed 30 stycznia 1933 roku. Niniejsze rozważania absolutnie nie 1 J.W. Borejsza, Antyslawizm Adolfa Hitlera, Warszawa 1988; idem, Śmieszne sto milionów Słowian: wokół światopoglądu Adolfa Hitlera, Warszawa 2006; T. Szarota, Niemcy i Polacy. Wza- jemne postrzeganie i stereotypy, Warszawa 1996; E.C. Król, Polska i Polacy w propagandzie naro- dowego socjalizmu w Niemczech 1919–1945, Warszawa 2006; H. Orłowski, Polnische Wirtshchaft. Nowoczesny niemiecki dyskurs o Polsce, Olsztyn 1998. 2 Za prominentów nazistowskich uznaję w tym przypadku nazistowskich posłów do Reichsta- gu (Mitglieder des Großdeutschen Reichstags) oraz „dębowców” SS i SA, tj. wszystkich wyższych oficerów od SS-Standartenführera i SA-Standartenführera wzwyż. Mam naturalnie świadomość „fasadowego” charakteru Reichstagu w Niemczech (podobnie zresztą było w Związku Sowiec- kim) — mówiono o nim jako o najdrożej na świecie opłacanym „chórze”. Podstawę tej skromnej analizy stanowią biogramy posłów do Reichstagu zamieszczone w specjalnych wydawnictwach poświęconych tej instytucji, zob. Reichstag-Handbuch VI. Wahlperiode 1932, Berlin 1932; Reichs- tag-Handbuch IX. -
Public Buildings and Urban Planning in Gdańsk/Danzig from 1933–1945
kunsttexte.de/ostblick 3/2019 - 1 Ja!oda ?a5@ska-Kaczko &ublic .uildin!s and Brban &lannin! in "da#sk/$anzi! fro% 193321913 Few studies have discussed the Nazi influence on ar- formation of a Nazi-do%inated Denate that carried chitecture and urban lanning in "dańsk/Danzig.1 Nu- out orders fro% .erlin. /he Free Cit' of $anzi! was %erous &olish and "erman ublications on the city’s formall' under the 7ea!ue of Nations and unable to history, %onu%ent reservation, or *oint ublications run an inde endent forei!n olic') which was on architecture under Nazi rule offer only !eneral re- entrusted to the Fe ublic of &oland. However) its %arks on local architects and invest%ents carried out newl' elected !overn%ent had revisionist tendencies after 1933. +ajor contributions on the to ic include, a and i% le%ented a Jback ho%e to the FeichK %ono!ra h b' Katja .ernhardt on architects fro% the a!enda <0ei% ins Feich=. 4ith utter disre!ard for the /echnische 0ochschule $anzig fro% 1904–1945,2 rule of law) the new authorities banned o osition .irte &usback’s account of the restoration of historic and free ress) sought to alter the constitution) houses in the cit' fro% 1933–1939,3 a reliminary %ar!inalized the Volksta!) and curtailed the liberties stud' b' 4iesław "ruszkowski on unrealized urban of &olish and 8ewish citizens) the ulti%ate !oal bein! lanning rojects fro% the time of 4orld 4ar 66)1 their social and econo%ic exclusion. 6n so doin!) the which was later develo ed b' &iotr Lorens,3 an ex- Free Cit' of $anzi! sou!ht to beco%e one with the tensive reliminary stud' and %ono!ra h b' 8an Feich.