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1 FLUORIDE in DRINKING WATER CONSUMED SOCIETY, AREA ENDEMIC DENTAL CARIES, DISTRICT SOUTH MINAHASA, in 2010 Jose A. Sjarkawi

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1 FLUORIDE in DRINKING WATER CONSUMED SOCIETY, AREA ENDEMIC DENTAL CARIES, DISTRICT SOUTH MINAHASA, in 2010 Jose A. Sjarkawi FLUORIDE IN DRINKING WATER CONSUMED SOCIETY, AREA ENDEMIC DENTAL CARIES, DISTRICT SOUTH MINAHASA, IN 2010 Jose A. Sjarkawi1), Suwarja2), I Ketut Harapan3) 1,)3),Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado, Jl. Manguni 20 Malendeng 2),Jurusan Keperawatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado, Jl. R. W. Mongisidi Malalayang II Manado Abstract : Based on the results Riskesdas 2007( Riset Kesehatan Dasar = Basic Health Research), Indonesia has the prevalence of dental caries is high enough and some of them into regional areas of endemic dental caries, Such as in North Sulawesi province and specially in the South Minahasa district amounted to 44.99%, caries is still active as an endemic area of dental caries and allegedly the caused by the lack of Fluoride content in drinking water is consumed. The purpose of this study was to find out how Fluoride content in drinking water consumed by people in the South Minahasa district, in 2010. The design of this study will from use of cross-sectional study with a population of drinking water consumed by the people in regency of South Minahasa, and stores a sample of 24 Villages, selected through purposive sampling. The results obtained are analyzed in Statistics, t test, correlation and linear regression test. The results obtained Fluoride concentration in drinking water consumed ranged from 0.01 - 0.80 mgr / L. (P <0.05), the which is Lower Than the required quality standards, the which was statistically influenced by the concentration of Mg in the form of MgCO3. It is suggested this data could be used as basic information on dental caries prevention effort. Needs further research to determine the concentration of Fluoride other areas in order to dental caries prevention in Indonesia. Keywords : Fluoride, drinking water, dental caries Based on the results Riskesdas 2007, the including in rural areas (88.0%). And from the prevalence of caries in Indonesia was found at age group, the largest active caries prevalence 43.4%, with caries experience of 67.2%, was in age group 12-14 years (58.2%). whereas according to the provincial level, And has the second highest prevalence in the highest prevalence of active caries the northern province in terms of numbers (more than 50%) were found in Sulawesi edentulous (loss of all teeth) Jambi (56,1%), West Kalimantan and North that is equal to 1.33. In South Minahasa, Sulawesi (52.7%). From the order of ten the dental caries active form of 44.99%. provinces, the highest prevalence of caries (Riskesdas, 2007). Dental Caries disease, an experience, third-ranked North Sulawesi, illness that is chronic, and illness lasts a long namely Bangka Belitung (86.8%), South time, can be for months even years. Kalimantan (84.7%), North Sulawesi (82.8%). Figures Dental Caries prevalence in The mean number of damaged teeth the province of North Sulawesi, especially in per person in North Sulawesi at 6.2 and South Minahasa District, an indication that the the highest average in the South Dental Caries has become endemic in the Minahasa (Index DMT = 7.9). Data public public. Therefore the focus of research sites behavior, in the district of South Minahasa aimed at the South Minahasa district and concerned with oral and dental health is to regency. have a good habit of brushing their teeth every Dental Caries disease caused by day in the morning and or evening (76.4%), various diseases such as agent, the activity of 1 2 JIK Volume 7 No. 1 Oktober 2012 Sjarkawi, J,A, dkk. Fluoride In Drinking bacteria, i.e. Streptococcus mutants, Fluorine or Fluoride (fluoride), is one Lactobacillus casei, and Actinomises viscosis. of the chemical elements Halogen group, There are some other factors involved in the which is found in the environment, both in the occurrence of dental caries is the risk of caries air (as emissions in the atmosphere), as well is in addition to the activities of as land and in water, or as a by product of microorganisms are also caused by the result industrial activities. Its presence in the form of of anatomical structures teeth, especially complex mineral and negative charged F ions. email and cemented; the formation of plaque Natural sources of fluoride in soil and flora as breeding grounds for bacteria, water, often associated with activity of fermentation of carbohydrates, and time volcanoes, i.e. water hot springs especially, duration of the process of caries occur. those who have water acidity (pH) is high. (O'Mullane D; 1995) These bacteria Other fluoride sources input to human body in metabolize carbohydrates to which is attached everyday situations many also come from to the tooth surface causing the pH in the food beverages consumed daily. Plaque (bio-film) and the potential occurrence In physiologic, Fluoride function of caries, because of changes the composition reduces demineralization process, if the of the plaque matrix. Among the elements of concentration of Fluoride in the oral carbohydrates, most are sucrose as caries environment can be maintained. Fluoride factors, when compared with Glucose, and although not directly affect the etiology of the Fructose. Each time, the sugar would disease, but to prevent reduce the occurrence penetrate into the layer of bio-film and of the process and strengthen demineralization changes into acid by the bacterial metabolism. and re-mineralization process, as it works to Solution in the bio-film will become saturated help saliva to control the caries process, which will affect the solubility properties by reducing dental caries lesions. Provision of of tooth enamel; and occurs demineralization Fluoride in drinking water as a basis for process. At the mouth of the low maintaining Fluoride concentration in saliva acidity environment that is at a pH below is higher than if it is not fluoridated, 5.5 will result in Hydroxyl-apatite (HA) or when continuously providing optimum Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) will reach the layers F luoride , then the blood will serve as a bio-films which will cause the minerals will "watertight compartments" that are dissolve enamel. responsible for distributing Fluoride into all Circumstances that cause tooth enamel tissues including the salivary be constant. soluble in acid, is a hydrogen ion would shift If Fluoride intake at any time experience the hydroxyl ions from water molecules interruptions, the concentration in the blood (Dawes C, 2003) and after a while if the sugar will be disturbed, thus Fluoride concentrations had disappeared, the solubility of the email in saliva may also be disrupted. And this will be reduced and will be back to normal situation will be at risk for the occurrence physiologic If the pH is increased then it will of caries. (Cury, JA and Tenuta, LMA,) super-saturated conditions occur again, and Various sources of fluoride intake for some minerals are lost can be recovered the human-body, can be derived from food by email, and this process is called and beverages, including drinking water re-mineralization. consumed daily by the community. Some Some factors that can prevent or treat research indicates that dental caries is often dental caries, among others, is to increase the associated with lack of intake of fluoride in pH of saliva, re-mineralization with Fluoride drinking water, and some developed countries administration and good oral hygiene. have been promoting the provision of fluoride 3 JIK Volume 7 No. 1 Oktober 2012 Sjarkawi, J,A, dkk. Fluoride In Drinking in drinking water consumption / Fluoridation; fluoride) that there is drinking water, and it turns out this program is proven to consumed by people in area endemic Dental reduce the prevalence of dental caries in the Caries, South Minahasa; by means of: community. Alleged temporary occurrence measuring the concentration of fluoride in dental caries in the people here probably public drinking water, measure pH and caused by a deficiency of fluoride in drinking temperature of drinking water source, water is consumed. hardness (in MgCO3) drinking water and to WHO, and Ministry of Health assess the relationship of pH, and Mg on the Indonesia (PERMENKES 2002), determine concentration of fluoride in drinking water. the minimum content of fluoride in drinking water at 1 - 1.5 mgr / L for daily consumption METHOD AND RESULT and addition of it depends also on the amount of water consumed, duration of exposure and METHOD other Fluoride intake foods that contain fluoride, age at risk, and including also the Design & research methodology climate / weather is local. Deficiency Fluoride This study is a cross sectional study is expressed when its concentration is less (cross sectional study); the subject population than 1 mgr / L fluoride content in water is was all drinking water in the district South much influenced by various factors such as, Minahasa. In accordance with staff time and the presence of Ca, Mg and pH of the water. funds available then the sample was taken, Lack of fluoride intake in drinking water can using a purposive sampling method samples. cause dental caries. Giving is the The amount will initially be taken as many as demineralization of fluoride tooth enamel, 10 (ten) villages as a sample, but with existing making it very effective as a prevention and conditions be replaced by as many as control and the provision of fluoride in 26 (twenty six) village located side highway ” drinking water (Water Supply Fluoridation), South Line Amurang-Kotamobagu”. it also serves to inhibit the growth of bacteria Chemicals will be checked for water "cario-genic" (which cause dental caries) study is variable Fluoride, MgCO3, CaCO3 because it can reduce the quantity of and pH contained in drinking water consumed acidity mouth caused by bacterial activity. by the public, with the frequency of taking as (Dawes C, 2003). When the concentration in much as 3 times to reduce error and bias drinking water exceeds 1.5 ppm can factor.
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