Vocabulary Review

Bio07_TR_U06_CH20.QXD 5/2/06 12:00 PM Page 57

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Chapter 20 Protists Vocabulary Review

Multiple Choice In the space provided, write the letter of the term that best completes each sentence.

1. Small photosynthetic organisms living near the ocean surface are called a. cilia. c. phytoplankton. b. plasmodia. 2. The life cycle of many types of algae switches back and forth between a haploid and diploid stage through a process called a. amoeboid movement. c. alternation of generations. b. conjugation. 3. The single structure with many nuclei that is formed by an acellular slime mold is a a. plasmodium. c. zoosporangium. b. cilium. 4. Amoebas move and feed by using their a. pseudopods. c. eyespots. b. oogonium. 5. An organism that is not a prokaryote, a plant, an animal, or a fungus is a a. phycobilin. c. gullet. b. protist. 6. Some ciliates can exchange genetic material with other individuals through a reproductive process called a. amoeboid movement. c. fruiting bodies. b. conjugation. 7. To help find sunlight, euglenas use their a. micronuclei. c. eyespots. b. macronuclei. 8. The haploid reproductive cell made by Ulva that can grow into a new individual without fusing with another cell is a a. spore. c. sporophyte. b. trichocyst. 9. A paramecium moves by using hairlike projections called a. gametophytes. c. cilia. b. contractile vacuoles.

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Paramecium A paramecium is an animal-like protist called a ciliate. It uses cilia for feeding and movement. Label the cilia. Then, color the structures of the paramecium. • Color the structures used for defense orange. • Color the structures that contain genetic information yellow. • Color the structures that eliminate waste materials, including excess water, green.

Trichocysts Oral groove Gullet

Anal pore

Contractile vacuoles Micronucleus Macronucleus

Answer the questions. 1. What is a trichocyst?

2. Which structure helps maintain homeostasis by removing excess water? Circle the correct answer. contractile vacuole gullet

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Protists as Parasites Some animal-like protists are parasites that cause serious diseases in humans and other animals. The life cycle of the sporozoan Plasmodium is diagrammed below. Follow the prompts. • Circle the stage in which a mosquito becomes infected with the protist. • Place an X on the stage in which a human becomes infected with the protist.

Sexual phase of Plasmodium life cycle occurs in mosquito. Mosquito bites Mosquito bites infected person another human. and picks up Plasmodium gametes.

Plasmodium sporozoites

Liver

Liver cells burst, releasing merozoite cells.

Infected cells burst. Merozoites Merozoite cells infect and gametes red blood cells released. and reproduce. Use the diagram to answer the questions. 1. Which type of human cell releases Plasmodium gametes when it bursts? Circle the correct answer. liver cells red blood cells 2. What disease does Plasmodium cause?

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Euglena The euglena is a plantlike protist. It has two flagella but no cell wall. Label the flagella, chloroplast and eyespot on the diagram.

Carbohydrate Gullet storage bodies

Pellicle Contractile Nucleus vacuole

Write the function of each of the structures on the lines provided. Flagella Chloroplast Eyespot

Use the diagram to answer the questions. 1. How are euglenas similar to animal-like zooflagellates?

2. Why are euglenas classified as plantlike protists?

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Protist Characteristics Animal-like protists are divided into four groups according to the way they move. Unicellular plantlike protists are divided into four groups according to various cellular characteristics. Use the words below to complete the table. The first one in each table has been done for you.

chrysophytes diatoms sarcodines ciliates euglenophytes zooflagellates

Animal-like Protists How They Move

sporozoans do not move; parasitic

pseudopods

flagella

cilia

Plantlike Protists Identifying Characteristics(s)

dinoflagellates some photosynthetic, some heterotrophs; generally have flagella

two flagella; no cell wall

gold-colored chloroplasts

cell walls rich in silicon

Use the tables to answer the following questions. Circle the correct answer. 1. A paramecium uses cilia to swim through the water. What type of protist is it? sarcodine ciliate 2. What cell structures do both zooflagellates and euglenophytes have? chloroplasts flagella

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Algae Life Cycle Recall that a haploid cell contains only a single set of chromosomes. A diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes. Many algae switch back and forth between haploid and diploid stages during their life cycles. This process is called alternation of generations. Color the arrows representing haploid phases of the algae life cycle yellow. Color the arrows representing diploid phases blue.

Mitosis Meiosis Gametes fuse Zygote Sporophyte

Fertilization Spores

Gametes Female gametophyte Mitosis

Male gametophyte

Use the diagram to answer the questions. 1. What does a sporophyte produce?

2. What does a gametophyte produce?

3. What forms when gametes fuse?

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Cellular Slime Molds Cellular slime molds spend most of their lives as single, free-living cells. When their food supply runs low, they aggregate, or come together. This aggregate of cells functions like a single organism. The life cycle of a cellular slime mold is diagrammed below. Color the life cycle according to the prompts below. • Color the stage that shows single cells coming together to form a migrating colony red. • Color the structure that produces spores green. • Color the free-living, single-cell stage of the life cycle blue. • Color the migrating colony yellow.

Single cells Solitary Meiosis Fruiting Spores emerge from cell body spores. Aggregated amoeba-like cells Zygote

Fertilization

Colony migrates. Colony produces fruiting body.

Answer the questions. Circle the correct answer. 1. What type of protists are cellular slime molds? plantlike funguslike 2. What does the fruiting body produce? spores zygotes