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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St A PHONOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SPANISH SPOKEN IN LA REFORMA NEIGHBORHOOD IN TUCSON, ARIZONA Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Merz, Geri Willwerscheid, 1931- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 00:01:48 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289650 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. 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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St. John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 77-32,267 MERZ, Geri Willwerscheid, 1931- A PHONOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SPANISH SPOKEN IN LA REFORMA NEIGHBORHOOD IN TUCSON, ARIZONA. The University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1977 Language, linguistics University Microfilms International f Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 © 1977 GERI WILLWERSCHEID MERZ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A PHONOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SPANISH SPOKEN IN LA REFORMA NEIGHBORHOOD IN TUCSON, ARIZONA by Geri Willwerscheid Merz A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN SPANISH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 7 Copyright 1977 Geri Willwerscheid Merz THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA. GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Geri Willwerscheid Merz entitled A Phonological Study of the Spanish Spoken in La Reforma Neighborhood in Tucson, Arizona be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the deeree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Director Date As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read this dissertation and agree that it may be presented for final defense. ^ "~Z /<?77 c -e ^7 / / y^7 Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense thereof at the final oral examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My gratitude goes to my committee members, Drs. A. Dolores Brown, Jack Davis, H. Reynolds Stone, and Paul Turner for their inspiring and exemplary teaching, and in particular to my thesis director, Dr. Brown for her guidance and constant encouragement. Her delight in the intricacies of the Spanish language has long been appreci­ ated. I dedicate this work to my daughters, Jeanne, Shelly, and Chris, who for years have taken care of our home, cleaning, cooking, and shopping so that I had more time. Thanks also to the guru, Dr. Ralphie, our cats Tuqui and Mogli, Mary Hartman, my un-named informants from La Reforma, the stand-up comedians David Brenner, David Steinberg, Tommy Smothers, and Bob Bacalaoski, the promising Linda Haughton, the literate Barbra Streisand, my old old friend Betty Glendening, Walter Cronkheit, the Torrisons, and my parents Johann Franz and Dolores Willwerscheid, all of whom helped in different ways. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLETS vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix ABSTRACT x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The Purpose of the Study 1 1.2 Previous Representative Phonetic Studies . 1 1.2.1 Focus 2 1.2.2 Purpose 2 1.2.3 Norm 4 1.2.4 Area 7 1.2.5 Informants 7 1.2.6 Corpus ....... 16 1.2.7 Arrangement of the Study 21 1.2.8 Studies of the Southwest 23 1.3 La Reforma Neighborhood, Tucson, Arizona . 28 1.4 Informants and Sample Corpora . 43 1.5 Field Work 58 1.6 Phonology 63 1.7 Appendices 70 1.8 List of References 71 2. PHONOLOGY 72 2.1 The Consonants 72 2.1.1 The Voiceless Stops /p, t, k/ ... 72 2.1.2 The Voiced Stop/Fricatives /b, d, g/ 74 2.1.3 The Affricate /£/ 119 2.1.4 The Voiceless Fricatives /f, s ^ x/ 131 2.1.5 The Voiced Fricative /y/ ,...,. 174 2.1.6 The Nasals /m, n, n/ 184 2.1.7 The Lateral /l/ 197 2.1.8 The Vibrants /r, r/ ........ 200 2.2 The Vowels ........ 250 2.2.1 The Single Vowels 251 iv V TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page 2.2.2 Non-syllabic Uses of /i/ and /u/ . 269 2.2.3 Contiguous Vowels 273 2.2.4 Unvoiced Vowels 317 3. GENERAL SUMMARY 330 APPENDIX A. PROFILES OF INFORMANTS 342 APPENDIX B. DISTRIBUTION OF ALLOPHONES . 343 APPENDIX C. REPRESENTATIVE PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIONS . 348 LIST OF REFERENCES 353 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. /b/ Allophones Visually Verified 77 2. /b/ Loss in Certain Words 84 3. -d- in Special Words 93 4. /d/ in Each Special Word . 94 5. /d/ in Nada 95 6. -d- in To do 97 7. -d- in Regular Words 99 8. -d- at Three Speeds 102 9. /g/ in Various Environments 108 10. /g/ in Intervocalic Position 113 11. /6/: Individual Usage 120 12. /G/ in Intervocalic Position 123 13. /2/ in Selected Words ............. 125 14. /G/: Group Usage 127 15. /fuV/ in Utterance Medial Position 132 16. /s/ Before a Voiceless Consonant ........ 135 17. /s/ Before a Voiced Consonant 139 18. /s/ Before Each Voiced Consonant 143 19. /s/ Plus b or v 148 20. /siti/: Individual Usage ...... 156 21. /s/: C h D, [zD, and Loss in -s- Position .... 163 vi vii LIST OF TABLES—Continued Table Page 22. Intervocalic /s/ in Nosotros 165 23. /s/: Aspiration and Loss in Four Environments . 166 24. /x/ in Utterance Medial Position 172 25. /y/ in Utterance Initial Position 176 26. /y/ in Intervocalic Position 178 27. /r/ in Intervocalic Position ..... 202 28. /r/ in Para 204 29. /r/ in Intervocalic Position: Group Summary . 205 30. /r/ Before Voiceless Consonants 207 31. /r/ in Porque 209 32. /r/ Before the Voiced Consonants 211 33. /r/ Before Each Consonant 213 34. Preconsonantal /r/ in High-Frequency Words . 216 35. /r/ in Utterance Final Position 220 36. /r/ in All Positions 223 37. Individual Usage of /r/ 225 38. /r/ in Utterance Initial Position ....... 230 39. /r/ in Word Initial Intervocalic Position . 233 40. /r/ in Postconsonantal Position ........ 236 41. /r/ in Word Medial Intervocalic Position .... 238 42. /r/: Individual Usage 241 43. /r/: Group Usage ................ 243 44. /r/ and /r/ in All Positions .......... 247 viii LIST OF TABLES—Continued Table Page 45. Hiatus Conserved in Identical Contiguous Vowels 285 46. Hiatus in Non-identical Contiguous Vowels with /i/ and /u/ 309 47. Hiatus in Non-identical Contiguous Vowels without /i/ or /u/ 310 48. Hiatus in Contiguous Vowels: Summary 312 49. Devoicing in Utterance Final Position . ... 322 50. Devoicing Before Utterance Final /s/ 324 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Southern Arizona and Sonora 30 2. Spanish Language Population of Tucson, Arizona 35 3. Some Tucson Features 37 ix ABSTRACT This dissertation analyzes the sounds of the Spanish spoken by nine women of Mexican descent living in La Reforraa neighborhood of Tucson, Arizona, between 1972 and 1975. All of the informants are native Tucsonans who have lived in predominantly Spanish-speaking neighborhoods. Our main concern is a description of the allophonic realizations of each phoneme in every position found in the recordings made during individual interviews. Chapter 1 consists of representative phonetic studies, the methodology used in this study, and a descrip­ tion of the area and of the informants.
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