Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Ambiental Departamento De Engenharia Sanitária E Ambiental

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Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Ambiental Departamento De Engenharia Sanitária E Ambiental UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA AMBIENTAL DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA SANITÁRIA E AMBIENTAL DETERMINAÇÃO DO CARBOFURAN EM AMOSTRAS AMBIENTAIS E AVALIAÇÃO DE SEU POTENCIAL DE BIOACUMULAÇÃO EM POECILIA RETICULATA POR CROMATOGRAFIA LÍQUIDA DE ALTA EFICIÊNCIA (CLAE-UV) MELISSA PAO LA MEZZARI FLORIANÓPOLIS SANTA CATARINA JULHO, 2000 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental MELISSA PAOLA MEZZARI DETERMINAÇÃO DO CARBOFURAN EM AMOSTRAS AMBIENTAIS E AVALIAÇÃO DE SEU POTENCIAL DE BIOACUMULAÇÃO EM POECILIA RETICULATA POR CROMATOGRAFIA LÍQUIDA DE ALTA EFICIÊNCIA (CLAE-UV) Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Engenharia Ambiental. Orientador: William Gerson Matias Co-orientador: Luiz A. S. Madureira FLORIANÓPOLIS SANTA CATARINA JULHO, 2000 DETERMINAÇÃO DO CARBOFURAN EM AMOSTRAS AMBIENTAIS E AVALIAÇÃO DE SEU POTENCIAL DE BIOACUMULAÇÃO EM POECILIA RETICULADA POR CROMATOGRAFIA LÍQUIDA DE ALTA EFICIÊNCIA (CLAE-UV). MELISSA PAOLA MEZZARI Dissertação submetida ao corpo docente do Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina como parte dos requisitos necessários para obtenção do grau de MESTRE EM ENGENHARIA AMBIENTAL na Área de Tecnologias de Saneamento Ambiental Aprovado por: Prof: Afonso Celso Diaâ/Bainy, Dr. Prof. Maurício Luiz Sens, Dr. FLORIANÓPOLIS, SC - BRASIL JULHO/2000 If having endured much, we at last asserted our “right to know” and if, knowing, we have concluded that we are being asked to take senseless and frightening risks, then we should no longer accept the counsel of those who tell us that we must fill our world with poisonous chemicals, we should look around and see what other course is open to us. Rachel Louise Carson, Silent Spring iv AGRADECIMENTOS Ao prof. Dr. William Gerson Matias pela orientação; Ao prof. Dr. Luiz Augusto dos Santos Madureira pela aceitação na co- orientação deste trabalho e paciência nas discussões do tema; À banca examinadora, Dr. Afonso Celso Dias Bainy e Dr. Maurício Luiz Sens, por todas as considerações referentes a este trabalho; Ao prof. Dr. Carlos Soares, professor do Departamento de Bioquímica, pelo seu auxílio, acompanhamento e incentivo; Ao MSc. Hugo Gosmann, funcionário do CIRAM, pela sua atenção e sua grande ajuda; Ao D r. Francisco Deschamps, Bioquímico da EPAGRI, por fornecer as amostras padrões dos metabólitos do composto Carbofuran e pelo enriquecimento de meu trabalho; Ao prof. Dr. Renato Zanella, professor da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), pela atenção e ajuda; Ao Sr. Adilson de Freitas Zamparetti, Engenheiro Civil da EPAGRI, pela elaboração do mapa de localização dos pontos de coleta; À profa. Dra. Rozangela Curi Pedroza e prof. Dr. Danilo Wilhelm Filho, professores do Departamento de Bioquímica e Ecologia e Zoologia, pela utilização de seus laboratórios para preparação das amostras; Ao prof. Dr. Jaime Fernando Ferreira, professor do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, pelo empréstimo do material utilizado para as coletas no Rio Cubatão Sul; Ao colega Alexandre Cardoso, biólogo do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, por enviar algumas referências bibliográficas essenciais referentes à identificação e caracterização das espécies de peixes analisadas; Ao MSc. Júlio César Leão, funcionário do CIRAM, pela orientação aos pontos de coleta; V Ao Seu “Zé”, piscicultor da região de Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, pelo fornecimento de alguns peixes para análise; À Ivana Baptista, bióloga e mestranda do curso de pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, pela ajuda nas coletas, no laboratório e por seu companheirismo; À Juliana Stabile de Oliveira, bióloga e funcionária do laboratório de Ictiologia da UFSC, pela ajuda nas literaturas referentes à identificação dos peixes; À bióloga Samira Meurer e ao graduando Rafael, do Laboratório de Piscicultura de Água Doce, do Departamento de Aqüicultura, pela identificação dos peixes; Aos colegas e funcionários do Laboratório Integrado do Meio Ambiente (LIMA), em especial à Américo Luz Júnior, Nilton Cezar Pereira, Marilda, Carlos Roberto Vieira, Leandro Bassani, Beatriz Kaipper e Lúcia; Ao pessoal do Laboratório (do prof. Madureira), em especial à mestranda Luciana e o graduando Sandro, pela ajuda e atenção; Aos amigos da Pós-Graduação Cleide Carvalho, Viviane Spinelli, Décio Luis Dandollini, Rosane Campos e Fábio Zambonin, pelo incentivo e admiração; Ao MSc. Fábio Neto Moreno, grande amigo e colega; À minha nova família, meus futuros sogros, cunhados, vó, concunhados e sobrinhos, por todo o apoio e momentos de distração e alegria; Ao pescador, motorista, “office boy” e ajudante... meu pai! Obrigada por tudo! À minha irmã Isabella Anna Mezzari que acompanhou alguns dos experimentos feitos em laboratório, além da correção gramatical da dissertação; À minha mãe Nair J. Mezzari, meu irmão Fabrizio Cario Mezzari e minha cunhada Gisele Simas que também ajudaram na correção da dissertação; Ao meu amor Márcio Luís Busi da Silva, pela essencial ajuda ao primeiro passo da dissertação; À Deus, meu guia, minha crença, minha realização. SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS................................................................................................... x LISTA DE TABELAS................................................................................................. xii LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS.............. ...................................................xiv RESUMO................................................................................................................... xv ABSTRACT........................ ..................................................................................... xvi CAPÍTULO I ..............................................................................................................01 1. INTRODUÇÃO.................................................................................................... 01 CAPÍTULO II....................................................... ......................................................04 2. REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA...............................................................................04 2.1. Definição e Classificação dos Ag ro tó xico s ..................................................04 2.2. Características Gerais sobre os Inseticidas ............................................... 05 2.3. Utilização dos Inseticidas na Região de Estu d o...........................................08 2.3.1. Breve Histórico.................................................................................................... 08 2.3.2. Inseticidas Utilizados ...........................................................................................08 2.3.3. Legislação ............................................................................................................. 10 2.3.4. Impactos Ambientais .............................................................................................11 2.4. Carbo fu r an ........................................................................................................... 14 2.4.1. Propriedades Físicoquímicas............................................................................. 14 2.4.2. Dispersão no Meio Am biente .............................................................................. 15 2.4.3. Efeitos Ecológicos..............................................................................................20 2.4.4. Inibição Enzimática ................................................................................................ 22 2.4.5. Aspectos sobre a Intoxicação ........................................................................... 23 2.5. Metodologias de Análise de Agrotóxicos .....................................................26 2.5.1. Testes de Toxicidade .............................................................................................26 2.5.2. T écnicas Cromatográficas para Detecção de Resíduos de Carbamatos . 29 2.5.3. Sistema Operacional CLAE-UV.........................................................................30 2.5.4. Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em CLAE-UV........................................31 vii 2.5.4.1. Extração de Am o str as..................................................................................31 2.5.4.2. Purificação e Concentração das Am o str as...................... ......................32 2.5.4.3. D ETERMINAÇÃO DE CARBAMATOS......................................................................34 2.5.4.4. Separação C ro m a to g rá fic a ......................................................................... 35 2.5.4.5. R e g istro das A n á lise s...................................................................................36 CAPÍTULO III......................................................................................................................38 3. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS............. ................. ................... ..................................38 3.1. Descrição da Á rea de Es tu d o........................................................................... 38 3.1.1. Localização ........................................................................................................... 38 3.1.2. Caracterização Física e Ambiental ....................................................................39 3.1.3. Determinação dos Pontos de Co leta .......................................................
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