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Université Du Québec Thèse Présentée À L'université Du UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE À L'UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À TROIS-RIVIÈRES COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DU DOCTORAT EN ÉTUDES QUÉBÉCOISES PAR SIMON COUILLARD LE DISCOURS SUR L'IDENTITÉ DU CANADA COMME UNE SEULE NATION DANS L'HISTORIOGRAPHIE CANADIENNE-ANGLAISE, DU MILIEU DU XIXE SIÈCLE À NOS JOURS DÉCEMBRE 2018 Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Service de la bibliothèque Avertissement L’auteur de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse a autorisé l’Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières à diffuser, à des fins non lucratives, une copie de son mémoire ou de sa thèse. Cette diffusion n’entraîne pas une renonciation de la part de l’auteur à ses droits de propriété intellectuelle, incluant le droit d’auteur, sur ce mémoire ou cette thèse. Notamment, la reproduction ou la publication de la totalité ou d’une partie importante de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse requiert son autorisation. 2 RÉSUMÉ Cette thèse a pour objet le discours sur l'identité du Canada comme une seule nation tel que l' ont élaboré depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle dix historiens majeurs du Canada anglais. Nous y analysons les éléments narratifs et discursifs mobilisés dans les différents récits des Rébellions déployés dans les synthèses d'histoire nationale que ces historiens ont écrites. Il s'agit d'une étude sur le temps long qui s'intéresse aux constantes de ce discours et à ses changements au fil des différentes périodes de l'historiographie canadienne-anglaise. Une attention particulière est donnée à la manière dont ce discours identitaire s'articule par opposition à la représentation qui est brossée du fait français et des Canadiens français. REMERCIEMENTS La thèse de doctorat représente un travail dans lequel on s'engage sans vraiment savoir d'avance ce qu'il en coûtera d'efforts, de patience et de temps. C'est, en effet, une partie de son existence qu'on consacre. C'est vrai pour l'auteur, mais pas uniquement pour lui. Ce dernier doit donc se montrer humble et reconnaître la part des nombreuses personnes qui l'ont soutenu tout au long de ces années et sans qui il ne serait pas devenu ce qu'il est. Au terme de ce processus, je tiens à exprimer ici ma gratitude envers certaines de ces personnes: Je remercie d'abord très chaleureusement ma directrice, la professeure Lucia Ferretti, pour son soutien indéfectible, son immense disponibilité malgré ses nombreuses tâches et ses conseils donnés tout au long de l'élaboration et la rédaction de cette thèse. Sa rigueur et son dévouement m'ont été absolument profitables. Je tiens également à remercier le Centre interuniversitaire d'études québécoises qui, par son aide financière, m'a permis de me consacrer plus pleinement à ce travail. Aussi, cette version finale de ma thèse de doctorat porte l'empreinte des évaluateurs et membres du jury qui m'ont prodigué des conseils et des commentaires fort pertinents, c'est pourquoi je tiens à remercier les professeurs Marc-André Bernier, Martin Pâquet et J oseph-Yvon Thériault. Finalement, j'adresse toute ma gratitude à mes ami(e)s, à ma conjointe et mes parents, aux collègues du doctorat en études québécoises, aux membres du CIEQ et aux professeur(e)s du département des sciences humaines de 1'UQTR qui m'ont accueilli dans les meilleures conditions. TABLE DES MATIÈRES Résumé ...................................................................................................................... i Remerciements .................................................................................................... ..... ii Introduction .................................. .. ....................... ................................................. 1 Chapitre 1 - Analyser l'historiographie canadienne-anglaise .. .. ........................ 3 Considérations préliminaires ................................................................................. 3 État de la question ................................................................................................. 6 Bilan historiographique ..................................................... .................................... 8 Corpus ................................................................................................................. 27 Méthode .............................................................................................................. 35 Chapitre 2 - L'historiographie traditionnelle .................................................... 49 1. Analyse du texte de John Mercier McMullen ...................................... .... ....... 50 1.1 Situation initiale, situation finale .............................................................. 50 1.2 Framework ................................................................................................ 58 1.3 Schéma antagonique .................................................................................. 64 2. Analyse du texte de John Bourinot ................................................................. 74 2.1 Situation initiale, situation finale ........................................ ...................... 74 v 2.2 Framework ............................. ............................................ ... .................... 78 2.3 Schéma antagonique ........................................................................ .......... 83 3. Analyse du texte de George Wrong ........................ ........................................ 90 3.1 Situation initiale, situation finale .................. .. .......................................... 90 3.2 Framework .. ...................................... .............. .......................................... 94 3.3 Schéma antagonique ......................... .. .. .. ... .............................................. 101 4. Les constantes narratives dans l' historiographie traditionnelle ................ .. .. 107 5. Le discours sur l'identité du Canada comme une seule nation dans l' historiographie traditionnelle ................ .................................. .................... 126 Chapitre 3 - L'historiographie moderniste ........................................ .... .. ........ 130 1. Analyse du texte de Donald Creighton .............. ........................................... 132 1.1 Situation initiale, situation finale ................ .. ....... ........ ... ........................ 132 1.2 Framework .............................................................................................. 138 1.3 Schéma antagonique .. .. ............ ........... ..................................................... 144 2. Analyse du texte d'Arthur Lower ... ... .... .. ..................................................... 156 2.1 Situation initiale, situation finale ............................................................ 156 2.2 Framework ...... ........................................................................................ 167 2.3 Schéma antàgonique ........................... ..................................................... 176 3 . Analyse du texte de W.L. Morton ............ .. .................... ............................... 180 3.1 Situation initiale, situation finale .. ... ....................................................... 180 vi 3.2 Framework .............................................................................................. 188 3.3 Schéma antagonique .. ......................... ......... ................................ ............ 196 4. Destin des constantes narratives de l' historiographie traditionnelle dans l 'historiographie moderniste ......................................................................... 180 5. Les constantes narratives propres à l'historiographie moderniste ................ 236 6. Le discours sur l'identité du Canada comme une seule nation dans l'historiographie moderniste ............................................................. .. .......... 259 Chapitre 4 - L'historiographie du XXIe siècle ................................................. 263 1. Analyse du texte de Roger Riendeau ............................................................ 264 1.1 Situation initiale, situation finale .. .. ..................................................... ... 264 1.2 Framework ........ ...................................................................................... 270 1.3 Schéma antagonique ..............................· ............................................... ... 280 2. Analyse du texte de H.V. Nelles ...................... .. ........................................... 287 2.1 Situation initiale, situation finale ............................................................ 287 2.2 Framework .............................................................................................. 293 2.3 Schéma antagonique ................................................................................ 302 3. Analyse du texte de Robert Bothwell ...... ........ ........................ ................. .... 314 3.1 Situation initiale, situation finale ............................................................ 314 3.2 Framework .. .. ..... ... .. .. ....... .................................................................. ..... 324 3.3 Schéma antagonique ................................................................................ 332 vii 4. Analyse du texte de Margaret Conrad .. ... ... ................................................... 344 4.1 Situation initiale, situation finale ........ ..... ............................................... 344 4.2 Framework .............................................................................................
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