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THE PICTISH ANIMALS OBSERVED 217 Emphasise Communicatedd Dan Strikina

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THE PICTISH ANIMALS OBSERVED 217 Emphasise Communicatedd Dan Strikina PICTISE TH H ANIMALS OBSERVED by C. A. GORDON, F.S.A.SGOT. THE animals to be examined are those depicted in the few freestanding animal portraits, containe Clasn di Romill f o sI y Alien's Early Christian Monuments of Scotland with another, execute muca t da h earlier date deee th , r engrave roca n Glen kdi o n Domhain, Argyll. Pictise Th 1 h design commonly called 'The Elephant' will alse ob considered. ROEDEER e GleTh n Domhain roedee immediatels i r y recognisabl whar fros ei fo e t mi tth outline of the body and antlers (PL XXVIII, i). The foreface, however, is drawn nearl ynaturen i twics i lont s i ea . s ga Thi characteristia s si c already see mucn i h more ancient representations of deer and is to be met with later among the Pictish designs. Alpublishee lth d drawings sho Glee wth n Domhain animal wit htaila membea , r which roebuck t possessno t whico sd bu ,d bee hha n clumsily retouched whee nth ston sees casy 1954en wa an t occurei i anatomn e I poina . th t sa n i t y whero en anima publishee ltaila eved Th . rha d drawing also show stina e stickin t frogou m foreheade th , whic perhaps hi originan sa l stonee fissurth , likallegee n i or ,e eth d tail deliberata , e 'improvement laten i ' r times. FIG. i. Rock carving of reindeer from Nord-Tr0ndelag, Norway This blurrin roedeer'e th f go s identit bees yha n take nstaga e furthe locaa y b lr legend to the effect that the figure commemorates the 'last reindeer killed in Scot- land'. Apart from the late and romantic aspect of the story, this is no reindeer. Fig. i shows a Norwegian rock carving of a reindeer,2 of much earlier date, it is true, t carryinbu g convictio identite animath e th o t f ys o n a l represented.e Herth e ear 1 Antiquity, (1941)v x , 290. 2 Hagen, A., Rock Carvings Norwayn i (1965), 15. 215 2l6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1964-66 reindeer's shoulder hump, spreading horn pointed san d charactere tai wels th a l s a l - istic carriage of its head. RED DEER The Ardross red-deer head (PI. XXVIII, 2) may well be among the earliest of our Pictish stones.1 The identity of this animal as a red deer2 is made probable jad lowewe an th whic p y li r thos b e ruminanta h ar f eo , rather tha nhorsea t bu , certaint s arriveyi t fro a de clearl mth y indicated infraorbital gland r FraseD . r s kindlDarlingha o y examinewh , photographe th d , writes tha incisen a t d mark bettea s i e rbelo indicatioey e wth identitf no y than eithe thosf o r e just mentioned. Ver Royae y th luckil n i l Scottisp deeu yd t therre rse a hs e i Museum whics hha a striking resemblance to the Ardross deer, even including the extreme, and what seey unnaturae mma th l lengtforefacee th f ho . feature Thith s si e d whicle s hha to the description of the Ardross animal as a horse, but here is an actual deer with the foreface very nearly as long. This is a character very much admired by the Picts and many peoples before them and one which we have already found in the Glen Domhain deerlowee Th . rArdrose parth f o t s carving end straighn si t lines whic probably hma y have been complete squara s da e base, comparabl thao et t which is visible on the stone at Rhynie, described later, and to certain other Pictish designs. DOG It is characteristic of the unconsciously romantic temper in which these designs have been studied that the animal depicted on the other carved stone from Ardross always ha s been referre wolf.a s a o Wolvesdt , however, have prick ears which they never depress excepthe y ears3 p t la mlo o no ,s t bacha angern d ki an g . do Thi a s si very large ones, but clearly to be distinguished, lying on the head above the conven- tional shadow curve, which crosses the neck (PI. XXVIII, 3). It also has round eyes, while wolves have sideways-glancing slit eyes shortn I . , afteconsideratioe du r d nan a comparison of the Ardross animal with members of the modern canine population of this countryvarietthe of y I woul,Canis dog a d familiaris be affir to mit intermedius, familg divisioa do e y th whic f no h include fact n houndi e , deer-hounda sth , is t I . We have several representations of wolves' heads in the Pictish bestiary: the head of the composite animal at Manbean may stand as the type (PL XXIX, i). 4 The l steyal m fro numberlese mth s wolve wolf-headd san s foun botn di h Celtid can Scythia beae t sucth n ar ks h a flago n from Lorraine, little th er o anima appliqun li e from a burial site near Kiev.6 5 BOAR The wild boar is celebrated for its ferocity and has often in early times appeared carven o d othen stonei d r san medi a wit intentioe hth n that this quality shoule db Romilly Alien, E.G.M.S., in, fig. 54. 1 Thi firss st wa . MacDougalsuggeste MisO y . b e sM m o dt , formerly curato Museue th f ro mt Invernessa . 23 E.C.M.S., . , figm 53 . 4 E.C.M.S., , figm . 134. Jacobsthal6 , P., Early Celtic Art, n, No. 381. ' Minns, E., Scythians and Greeks, fig. 77, No. 407. THE PICTISH ANIMALS OBSERVED 217 emphasise communicatedd dan strikinA . g exampl figure seeth s e i t Euffig n ea no - neix,1 perhap firse th tf scenturo y B.C., wher aggressive eth e attitud unmistakables ei , though the tusk is missing, having perhaps presented difficulties of representation in low relief- in any case there is a break in the surface of the stone where it should come. Another wild boar, equally agressiv witd mistako ean h n e abou tuske th tfro s i , ma Secone coith f no d Legion (Parthica) heae 2 :Carausiuth f do obversee th n so , date, sit thire th do t quarte thire th df o r century e legionarA.DTh . y boar show relien ni f carvin distancn go e slabs fro e Antoninmth e Wall also illustrate a deliberatels y 3 aggressive animal. It would be easy to find many other examples of aggressive or quasi-heraldic boar sfamoue sucth s ha s ultra-stylised Withae desigth n n i no m e Shielon d dan Pictland itself, the fierce boar mask on the Deskford carnyx, intended to augment 4 terrifyine th g battle-musie effecth f o t c which this trumpes it f o t producep to e th t sa long, erect stem muse W .t not, however, expect tha l representational t f thio s s animal were intended to display the qualities of brute force and aggressiveness. e boarth l s Al mentione r belon fa tima o ds o gt e well befor e earliesth e t date suggested for the two Pictish boars from Knocknagael and Dunadd. First, Knock- nagael5 (PI. XXIX, 2): here immediatelon e y seem recogniso t s e wilg th epi d familiar from pictures of Indian pigsticking and clearly comparable to the wild boar and wild sow from the Wiener Wald illustrated by Zeuner.6 There is an apparent absence of ears in some of these animals. In nature the ears lie flat on the t see profileno n n i t represente e no ar the heao e s Pictis,d e yar dth an y dhb artist. All published drawings of the Knocknagael boar show ears projecting forward in the foreheade linth f eo modere th , n artist having mistake prolongatioe nth naturaa f no l fissurchancstona e d th en an ei e diagonal flaking eare th s expectinr s whicfo , wa e hh g in that situation. 'Peoplt breeno o ded wild boarss beeha nt i ' said t Zeune Historys bu , hi f n i ro Domesticated Animals'7 shows that it is very nearly what they in fact do. 'The European domesticated pig', he says, 'was the descendant of local wild forms almost every- where. This is not surprising since in spite of its physical strength, it is easily tamed Wit. omnivorou. s hit s habits therdifficulto n s ei gettinn yi t gaccustomei d to the food available in a settlement. In many places it was independently and repeatedly raised from wild stock.' The Dunadd 'boar' (PI. XXX, i) so called, with its downcast appearance, can hardly have been intended to inspire ideas of ferocity or even of courage, and both Knocknagaee th d an t i l animal, crested alon bac e modestld gth kan y tusked though I believ d an , sugges, e is suggeste t me i o Pictse t t th o ,dt valuable hogs rather than the fury of the battle charge. At Dunadd we see the 'hero's portion' after the capture citadele ofth milk-fea , d hog animan a , l likPige Mannananef th so , 'to protece th t warrior survivo t s t frokille e their ye aged b e foomfo r ol d o t rd,fo d an sustenance' .
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