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MARTIN FROBISHER #1: the Queen’S Pirate (Le Pirate De La Reine)

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MARTIN FROBISHER #1: the Queen’S Pirate (Le Pirate De La Reine) 3.1_COLLAGE LABEL_10” x 13”_ Match Eng txt: 432C - and Fr txt: 7462C MARTIN FROBISHER #1: The Queen’s Pirate (Le pirate de la Reine) MARTIN FROBISHER (1535–1594) British, pirate, privateer, Arctic explorer Frobisher was an English privateer and a pirate. After years of sailing to Northwestern Africa, and looting French ships in the English Channel, he sailed to North America to search for a Northwest Passage to the Orient. Martin Frobisher’s adventures, regardless of his motives, brought England into a long period of exploration and discovery in the New World and the Polar regions. MARTIN FROBISHER (1535–1594) Britannique, pirate, corsaire, explorateur de l’Arctique Frobisher est un corsaire et un pirate anglais. Après avoir sillonné pendant des années les eaux de l’Afrique du Nord-Ouest et pillé les navires français dans la Manche, il fait route vers l’Amérique du Nord, à la recherche du passage du Nord-Ouest qui mène à l’Orient. Quelles que soient ses motivations, ses aventures ouvrent pour l’Angleterre une longue ère d’exploration et de découvertes dans le Nouveau Monde et les régions polaires. 3.2_ARTIFACT LABEL_10” x 13”_ Match Eng txt: 432C - and Fr txt: 7462C DR. JOHN DEE: The First 007 (Le premier 007) Dr. JOHN DEE (1527–1609) British, mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, alchemist, occultist and spy of the royal courts and best minds throughout Europe To find the original British secret agent to Her Majesty’s secret service, you must travel back in time to 16th century England to Dr. John Dee, a renowned scholar. Dee was a mathematician, a professor, an astronomer, and a spy. He signed his secret messages “007”. When Queen Elizabeth I selected the pirate Martin Frobisher to explore the Arctic and the Northwest Passage, she placed him in Dr. Dee’s hands for training in navigation. Dr JOHN DEE (1527–1609) Britannique, mathématicien, astronome, astrologue, géographe, alchimiste, occultiste, espion de la cour royale et les plus grands esprits d’Europe Pour trouver l’agent secret britannique original au service de Sa Majesté, vous devez remonter le temps jusqu’à l’Angleterre du XVIe siècle afin de rencontrer le Dr John Dee, un érudit réputé. John Dee est mathématicien, professeur, astronome et espion. Il signe ses messages secrets « 007 ». Lorsque Élisabeth 1re choisit le pirate Martin Frobisher pour explorer l’Arctique à la recherche du passage du Nord-Ouest, elle confie au Dr Dee la mission de le former à la navigation. 3.3_ARTIFACT LABEL_10” x 13”_ Match Eng txt: 432C - and Fr txt: 7462C HENRY HUDSON: Arctic Mutiny (Mutinerie en Arctique) HENRY HUDSON (1570?–ca. 1611) British, navigator, Arctic explorer Hudson explored the Hudson River and laid the foundation for Dutch colonization of the area. His fourth voyage, aboard Discovery (1610-11), was financed by English merchants seeking the Northwest Passage. When his crew mutinied, he was cast adrift on the icy waters of Hudson’s Bay. Hudson was never found. HENRY HUDSON (1570 ? – vers 1611) Britannique, navigateur, explorateur de l’Arctique Hudson explore le fleuve qui portera son nom et pose les bases de la colonisation hollandaise de la région. Son quatrième voyage, à bord du Discovery (1610–1611), est financé par des marchands anglais à la recherche du passage du Nord-Ouest. Après une mutinerie de son équipage, il est abandonné à bord d’une chaloupe à la dérive sur les eaux glacées de la baie d’Hudson. Son corps ne sera jamais retrouvé. 3.4_ARTIFACT LABEL_10” x 13”_ Match Eng txt: 432C - and Fr txt: 7462C CAPTAIN COOK: Likes To Talk About Longitude (Un penchant pour la longitude) JAMES COOK (1728–1779) British, explorer, officer in the Royal Navy, navigator, cartographer Cook was called out of retirement to lead his third, final and fatal voyage with the secret purpose of finding the Northwest Passage. In Cook’s time, the determination of longitude was a vital factor in creating accurate maps and locating the position of a vessel at sea. His voyages tested the new chronometer. JAMES COOK (1728–1779) Britannique, explorateur, officier de la Royal Navy, navigateur, cartographe Cook sort de sa retraite pour diriger son troisième, dernier et fatal voyage, entrepris dans le but secret de trouver le passage du Nord-Ouest. À l’époque de Cook, il était essentiel de savoir calculer la longitude pour pouvoir créer des cartes précises et établir la position d’un navire en mer. Ses voyages ont permis de tester de nouveaux chronomètres. DONT PRINT THIS BLANK PAGE 3.6_ARTIFACT LABEL_10” x 13”_ Match Eng txt: 432C - and Fr txt: 7462C WILLIAM EDWARD PARRY WILLIAM EDWARD PARRY (1790–1855) British, Arctic explorer, Rear Admiral His expedition returned to England in November 1820 after a voyage of almost unprecedented Arctic success. The expedition accomplished more than half the journey from Greenland to the Bering Strait, the completion of which would solve the ancient problem of a Northwest Passage. In 1827 he made an attempt to reach the North Pole by sledge. WILLIAM EDWARD PARRY (1790–1855) Britannique, explorateur de l’Arctique, contre-amiral Son expédition, rentrée en Angleterre en novembre 1820, est la plus réussie des expéditions arctiques entreprises jusqu’alors. Parry a accompli plus de la moitié du trajet entre le Groenland et le détroit de Béring, voyage qui, une fois mené à son terme, résoudra le problème ancien du passage du Nord-Ouest. En 1827, Parry tente d’atteindre le pôle Nord en traîneau. 3.7_ARTIFACT LABEL_10” x 13”_ Match Eng txt: 432C - and Fr txt: 7462C GEORGE LYON: Sketching From Tripoli to Repulse Bay (Dessiner de Tripoli à Repulse Bay) GEORGE FRANCIS LYON (1795–1832) British, naval explorer of the Arctic and the Sahara, artist, socialite Lyon was a rare combination of Arctic and African explorer. He was sent to both places by the British Admiralty, (1818 and 1821). He had a genuine interest in the native culture of the places he explored. In Africa he dressed as a Bedouin. In the Arctic he was tattooed by the Inuit using a bone needle and sooty thread. GEORGE FRANCIS LYON (1795–1832) Britannique, officier de marine, explorateur de l’Arctique et du Sahara, artiste, mondain Lyon est l’un des rares voyageurs à avoir exploré aussi bien l’Arctique que l’Afrique. Il a été envoyé dans ces deux régions par l’Amirauté britannique (en 1818 et 1821). Il a un intérêt authentique pour les cultures autochtones des régions qu’il explore. En Afrique, il s’habille comme un Bédouin. En Arctique, il se fait tatouer par les Inuits à l’aide d’une aiguille en os et d’un fil couvert de suie. 3.8_ARTIFACT LABEL_10” x 13”_ Match Eng txt: 432C - and Fr txt: 7462C WILLIAM F. BEECHEY: Sketches on the Ice (Dessins sur la glace) WILLIAM FREDERICK BEECHEY (1796–1856) British, Arctic explorer, naval officer, artist, hydrographer, author In 1818 Beechey was appointed as second in command and chief draftsman to the brig HMS Trent, commanded by Lieutenant John Franklin. In 1819, he accompanied W. E. Parry to the Canadian Arctic. From 1825-28 he commanded the HMS Blossom in its explorations of the Northwest coast of Alaska and searched for the Northwest Passage. He also surveyed the North African, South American, and Irish coasts. WILLIAM FREDERICK BEECHEY (1796–1856) Britannique, explorateur de l’Arctique, officier de marine, artiste, hydrographe, auteur En 1818, William Beechey est nommé commandant en second et dessinateur en chef du brick HMS Trent, sous les ordres du lieutenant John Franklin. En 1819, il accompagne William Parry dans l’Arctique canadien. De 1825 à 1828, il commande le HMS Blossom dans ses explorations de la côte Nord-Ouest de l’Alaska et recherche le passage du Nord-Ouest. Il fait également des relevés d’arpentage des côtes d’Afrique du Nord, d’Amérique du Sud et d’Irlande. 3.9_ARTIFACT LABEL_10” x 13”_ Match Eng txt: 432C - and Fr txt: 7462C GEORGE BACK: Artist of the Arctic (Artiste de l’Arctique) GEORGE BACK (1796–1878) British naval officer, Arctic explorer, artist Back served under John Franklin on his first three Arctic expeditions. He was later promoted to captain and given command of the HMS Terror for an expedition to the northern part of Hudson Bay. Locked in the ice for ten months, the ship was in a sinking condition by the time they reached the coast of Ireland. GEORGE BACK (1796–1878) Britannique, officier de marine, explorateur de l’Arctique, artiste Back sert sous les ordres de John Franklin pendant ses trois premières expéditions en Arctique. Par la suite, il est promu au grade de capitaine et reçoit le commandement du HMS Terror pour une expédition dans la partie nord de la baie d’Hudson. Resté prisonnier de la glace pendant dix mois, son navire est dans un état si lamentable qu’il est sur le point de couler en atteignant les côtes irlandaises. 3.10_ARTIFACT LABEL_10” x 13”_ Match Eng txt: 432C - and Fr txt: 7462C JOHN FRANKLIN: The Search Continues (Les recherches se poursuivent) JOHN FRANKLIN (1786–1847) British, naval officer, Arctic explorer, Governor of Tasmania In 1845, when he was 59 years old, Sir John Franklin offered to lead another expedition to the Arctic to search for the Northwest Passage. His entire crew perished from starvation, hypothermia, tuberculosis, lead poisoning, scurvy and exposure. His icebound ships, HMS Erebus and Terror, vanished. The search continues to this day. JOHN FRANKLIN (1786–1847) Britannique, officier de marine, explorateur de l’Arctique, gouverneur de Tasmanie En 1845, alors qu’il a 59 ans, sir John Franklin propose de diriger une autre expédition en Arctique pour y rechercher le passage du Nord-Ouest.
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