July — September 2001

Vol. 34 • No. 3 July —September 2001 Issue #171 TM U.S. SYMBOLS ATTACKED WORLD UNITES IN SHOW OF GRIEF

Left to right: the attack on the World Trade Towers in New York City; rescue workers at the site raising the US Flag to half-staff; the flags of the members of the EU at half-staff in Brussels; a candlelight memorial, Stockholm; the flag of the Russian President at half-staff. It is hard to write about the It is no surprise that these cowards military might. It was primarily events of September 11. The struck behind our backs at the World these two factors — economic and attacks by cultists on two Trade Center in New York City and military power — the pirates important American symbols has at the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. attacked. I don’t think it mattered struck everyone in this country, For nearly 30 years the Trade Towers to them one bit how many people and in many countries around have stood as the premier symbol of they murdered in cold blood, but the world, to their very core. America’s economic hedgemony in Continued on page 3 NAVA grieves with those who the world. It is no accident that have first-hand losses, but also people from more than 80 countries Jul-Sep 2001 with the United States as a whole, worked in these buildings. Likewise, INSIDE THIS ISSUE: which has now changed in many since 1944 the Pentagon has become  U.S. Symbols Attacked (Editorial) big ways. the nation’s number 1 symbol of its  Flag Sales Soar  Flag Sales Fly High amid Fevered Sewing FLAG SALES SOAR  The Fancy-work of Francis Hopkinson One unexpected result of the previously thought to be more than a  cultist attacks on American sym- year’s supply of flags. “MY” Family Crest bols has been a mass action of the Even antique flag supplies have been  Proposal for new Nevada Flag American public: widespread dis- tapped, at least as far as the editor is  Cyber-survey in FB #200 play of the U.S. Flag. concerned.  Letter to Editor Within a few days of the mass It is no wonder that an attack on  19th ICV in Pictures murders, flag dealers all over the major symbols causes the people to  country had sold out of what was turn to its most cherished symbol. When We the People See related story on page 2  Chumley

—1— NAVA News 34/3-#171 Published Tuesday, September 25, 2001 Flag sales fly high amid fevered sewing Vendors have never seen such buying unfurl before, and K-Mart and Wal-Mart each have sold hundreds of thousands By Jessica Guynn CONTRA COSTA TIMES In a small New York town along the mail-order business, The Flag Co., has 100,000 flags a week, orders have Hudson river, Al Cavalari has opened sold shipments she has yet to receive. stacked up, and phone lines have the doors of his tiny flag shop to grief Steve Tyson’s small custom flag shop, become overwhelmed as the company and anger. Flagland in San Francisco, was fields an average of 1,000 calls a day. Thousands have come from far away overrun. “I have never seen anything “We’re making flags as fast as we can,” and every walk of life to the historic like it,” he said. said Randy Beard Jr., vice president hamlet of New Windsor, home to some Even L. Ph. Bolander & Sons, the of corporate sales. of the firefighters and police officers historic flagpole maker in San Manufacturers have in turn pressed who gave their lives to save others from Francisco, sold thousands of flags as their own suppliers of fabric and dye. terror. They have come to stand in long orders for flagpoles swamped its phone The next three months of production lines for the chance to wave their lines. Business tripled for the flag from mills that turn out bunting, for emotions from front porches and flag installers at Anglim Co. as companies example, is already sold. poles. spent thousands of dollars to red- “The industry isn’t geared up to keep From the smallest to the largest, white-and-blue their headquarters. up with kind of demand,” Martucci Cavalari has sold nearly every flag he The Oakland-based business sold said. “Everyone has sold a year’s worth had in stock. He even emptied box $3,400 worth of flags in one day alone of flags in a couple of days.” after dusty box of retired flags, to people who walked in off the street. Valley Forge Flag in Wolmesdorf, pressing into service those that could “We’ve never seen anything like what Penn., which makes the flags that soar be mended in exchange for donations has happened; it’s unparalleled and above the U.S. Capitol, is desperately to the local fire company to help unprecedented,” said David Martucci, trying to keep up. “We are currently families of World Trade Center victims. president of the North American scrambling like mad to produce as It is a scene that has unfurled from Vexillological Association, a nonprofit much as we can of American-made coast to coast since President Bush that studies flags and flag history. product,” said Tibor Egervary, director asked the nation to raise the red white “One of the beauties of the American of sales and marketing. “Within 30 and blue. Here in the Bay Area, not flag is that it doesn’t belong to the minutes of the terrorist attacks our call usually known for patriotic stirrings government or to any faction, it volume spiked 10 to 15 times. Since or star-spangled displays, banners belongs to all of us.” then it doesn’t matter what we can flap from car antennas, drape highway The demand is so great it has make and how far out we can make it, overpasses and fly high from tall flag threatened to engulf flag makers. it’s already sold.” poles outside fire departments and big Caught unprepared at a seasonal low Though the industry is tight-lipped corporations. after a string of patriotic holidays had about financial information including The sharp burst in demand that depleted resources — inventory, sales figures, Egervary says at the many believe has already eclipsed the workers and raw materials — flag peak of the flag season, Valley Forge Persian Gulf War — and may be dealers, distributors and employs 500 people and can produce closing in on World War II — was a manufacturers have set out to supply tens of thousands of flags a month. call to action for the small and as many flags as Americans want. “We are operating as close to that as relatively little-known American flag In the spirit of Betsy Ross, the five we can,” he said. “We are shipping out industry. Within hours of the jetliners largest U.S. flag manufacturers that orders every day, a minimum of 400 hitting the World Trade Center and the produce the vast majority of flags in shipments a day.” Pentagon, the orders began to flood in. the country almost immediately Most see these spirited efforts as a Doublet Manufacturing Co. Inc. in ramped up production. Annin & Co., civic duty. Nearly all have held the line San Francisco, which keeps a four-to- the country’s oldest and largest U.S. on prices despite higher six-month supply of flags on its flag manufacturer, which has its manufacturing costs so that shelves, sold out in a day and a half. headquarters in Roseland, N.J., near Americans won’t have to pay more at Wal-Mart stores sold 450,000 New York City, tripled production. the cash register than they would have American flags in the first three days, Annin has put assembly lines into before the terrorist attacks. compared with 26,000 on those same overdrive, extending production by two It is an extraordinary effort on the days a year ago. K-Mart has sold hours a day and limiting production part of a flag industry known for its 600,000 flags since Sept. 11 and has to just a handful of popular sizes. The ups and downs. In times of patriotic ordered 500,000 more. “We are selling company has added workers and fervor, such as in World War II, during them as fast as we can get them in,” shifts and has redeployed crews from President Reagan’s term, after the said K-Mart spokeswoman Julie making made-to-order, sports-related release of the U.S. hostages in Iran or Fracker. and foreign flags to red-white-and-blue at the outset of Operation Desert Linda King, who runs a San Ramon duty. Though the company is making Storm, flag makers fly high. —2— July — September 2001 But sales, which fell to their lowest Editorial, continued from Page 1 ebb in the 1970s after the Vietnam it did matter which symbols were part of the New York Metropolitan War, have slumped in recent years. At attacked. They in fact succeeded area (with parades, no less!) and the same time competition has probably beyond their expectations came to the conclusion that I did not quickened with cheaper foreign as far as the Trade Towers are want to be a citizen of Megalopolis. imports making inroads. To survive, concerned, completely demolishing It was that point in time that I the industry diversified, producing the structures. decided neither New Jersey or flags of all countries and all kinds. But, just as you cannot destroy the Boston (where I was then living) Annin, for example, makes more than symbolism of a flag by burning it, would be my permanent home — I 20,000 different flags and flag these abberations of humanity have began to consider rural and more accessories. Some manufacturers not succeeded in destroying the remote places to live. The Twin survived the industry shake-out, symbolism of either place. They have Towers were the most visible symbol others did not. united this country more than I have of that decision, my rejection of mass Because of slackened demand and the high cost of producing American ever seen it in my lifetime, and consurmerism, and my dedication to Flags, Emerson Flag in San Francisco created a common resolve to preserving the environment. branched out into more lucrative markets, making flags for sports teams and custom flags. “There were a lot of empty flagpoles around especially on the West Coast,” said managing director Timothy O’Donnell. Emerson Flag was pushing to get back into the American flag business sometime in the spring. “Now we are rushing,” said O’Donnell, who is awaiting a shipment of 20,000 yards of American flags from Canada and Europe. “The American flag goes through troughs and surges,” said Scot Guenter, an American studies professor at San Jose State University The “new battle flag” suggested by Alan Dunn. and a vexillology expert. “Historically in times of great crisis you will see a eliminate this modern form of cultist Likewise, opposing military solutions great surge in interest. This is the piracy. as a foreign policy, the Pentagon was biggest crisis the country has faced in Certainly the symbolism of both another important symbol in my my lifetime so I am not at all surprised. buildings in New York have changed early years. Part of this insidious attack was meant in a big way. For me it is very Now all of that has changed. The to have symbolic intent, by attacking personal. I grew up in New Jersey, Towers have become the symbol of our symbols, so everyone has 40 miles from New York City. In the a dasdardly sneak attack by cowards instinctively turned to symbols to early 1970s I was just graduating who hide in fear of retribution and bring a sense of hope.” High School and went off to College. have become a unifying symbol of That sense of hope was on full But vast movements in the country, the nation. I have received many display at Flag Guys in New Windsor. particularly against the Viet Nam messages from people regarding this Cavalari was struck by the sight of so War, swept us up and caused many many Americans coming together at a new symbolism; in fact, Alan Dunn time of national crisis. The defining of my contemporaries to reassess suggested we image, he says, was that of an elderly their place and position in the world. create a new battle flag “… for the woman who lost her husband to World I had assumed at the time that I new battle.” Feelings are running War II and her son to the Vietnam war would eventually return to New high along with a national sense of who shared her red-white-and-blue Jersey, to reside and work there. frustration. No doubt military action, memories, salted away for decades After all, that’s where the jobs were. directed at the obvious targets but from military funerals, with perfect But in 1974, a year after the World with great uncertanty that they are strangers outside his shop. Trade Towers were completed, I the culprits, will be launched “It was this overwhelming sense that recall sitting on my father’s front because of this frustration. But in we are in this together,” Cavalari said. porch, looking over the tops of the the long run the only success will “People just want to grasp at that hills at the tips of those towers, be achieved if these new symbols are symbol we all hold most dear.” contemplating the fact that Morris ultimately adopted by many peoples Jessica Guynn is a Times business County had just declared itself as a across the globe. writer. Reach her at 925-952-2671 or David Martucci, President [email protected]. —3— NAVA News 34/3-#171 Sundry Devices, Drawings, Mottos &cs for the Public Use: The Fancy-work of F. Hopkinson by David B. Martucci Vexillologists have long known that 1781; Judge, Admiralty Court of ety is the nation’s oldest learned so- Francis Hopkinson, a Revolutionary Pennsylvania, 1779-1789; and Fed- ciety, founded by Benjamin Franklin War era lawyer and merchant, mem- eral Judge, U. S. District Court, Dis- in 1743. The Society promotes use- ber of the Continental Congress and trict of Pennsylvania, 1789-1791. ful knowledge in the sciences and employee of the same body and later Hopkinson married Nancy, the humanities through excellence in of the Federal Government, is be- daughter of Joseph Borden of scholarly research, professional lieved to have designed the United Bordentown, New Jersey in 1768. He meetings, publications, library re- States Flag, based on his own fathered 7 children, James (died sources, and community outreach. claims. No contemporary evidence aged 7), Joseph, Thomas (died aged In 1769, the organization had exists to refute those claims. What 1 day), Elizabeth, Mary, Ann, Francis merged with the American Society is little known is that this man de- and Sarah (died aged 1 year). for Promoting and Propagating Use- signed a great many other symbols, Besides being active in public, re- ful Knowledge Held in Philadelphia; as well as having been a philosopher, ligious and commercial life, he also Hopkinson had been a member of prolific writer, poet and musician. It dabbled in science and worked out both societies. In October 1770, he seemed logical to me to survey the inventions, created portraits and was appointed to a committee to graphic evidence of this man to see other drawings, played the harpsi- design a seal for the new combined what conclusions, if any, could be chord and organ, and composed organizations, that were operating drawn about his flag design from his music and hymns, published a book under the name of the American other works. of songs, and wrote poems, essays, Philosophical Society Held at Phila- It is interesting to note that of the and political tracts. He followed delphia. 16 emblems that could be located somewhat in his father’s footsteps According to the Society’s records, with any degree of certainty as to as that gentleman had been involved the new seal, adopted at the end of their original designs, seven have in the political life of Pennsylvania 1770, was designed by Hopkinson. stars on them (four of which are six- and was a patron of letters. Francis’ It shows a Native American on the pointed and two others probably patron was Benjamin Franklin, who observer’s left and Britannia on the were originally as well), three have had been a close friend of his father. right. Next to the Native is William red and white stripes, and two of He visited England in 1766-67, Penn pointing to Britannia; the them depict actual flags. In addition, where he made contact with relatives motto is Nullo Discrimine, which two of them feature chevrons, a and other influential Americans. means No Difference, and is clearly major design element of Hopkinson’s PERSONAL COAT OF ARMS a reference to the equality of Ameri- own coat of arms. It was probably in England that he cans and Englishmen, a hot topic of Hopkinson was born October 2, first became aware of a Coat of Arms the day. The design also includes 1737 (September 21, OS), in Phila- belonging to his ancestors and rela- several basic scientific instruments delphia, PA and died in the same city tives. At some point after he returned — a globe, telescope and astrolabe on May 9, 1791, aged 53 years, fol- to America, Hopkinson drew his own — and below is the date of the found- lowing a stroke. His higher educa- design which incorporated three ing of the original society, 1743. tion was at the College of Philadel- white lozenges onto the red chevron Around the rim is the new name of phia, receiving an A.B. degree in between three red stars on the white the Society and the entire circular 1757 (and being the first student shield of his ancestors. He also device is surrounded by laurel enrolled in that institution) and an added a blue bordure. For a motto, leaves. Interestingly, Britannia’s A.M. degree in 1760. He went into he chose Semper Paratus which shield shows a Medusa head. private practice in Philadelphia, means Always Ready. It is signifi- Information and illustration cour- 1761-1766; was Collector of Cus- cant to note the major features of tesy of the American Philosophical toms, Salem, New Jersey, 1763; his arms as these figure in some of Society. Merchant, Bordentown, NJ, 1768- the later designs he offered: stars THE GREAT SEAL OF 1772; Collector of Customs, New (six-pointed in his arms), chevron, THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY Castle, Delaware, 1772-1773; back and the colors red, white and blue. Many authors have asserted in private practice, Bordentown, NJ, Illustration from The Life and Francis Hopkinson designed the 1773-1774; Member, Governor’s Works of Francis Hopkinson by Great Seal and Coat of Arms of New Council of New Jersey, Brunswick, George E. Hastings (Univ. of Chicago Jersey, and this may be so, but con- NJ, 1774-1776; Member, Continen- Press; 1926). temporary records, while providing tal Congress, Philadelphia, 1776; SEAL OF THE AMERICAN some tantalizing clues, do not prove Member, Navy Board, Philadelphia, PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY this fact one way or the other. For 1776-1777; Treasurer, Continental The American Philosophical Soci- certain, he was involved with the Loan Office, Philadelphia, 1778- cutting of the seal. On June 21, —4— July — September 2001 1776, Hopkinson was elected to the Continental Congress, where he the chairman of the Navy Board and promptly voted for and signed the the Flag Resolution is preceded by Declaration of Independence. He was two and followed by three resolutions very active in the Congress, being dealing with Navy matters. It seems appointed to serve on the Commit- likely all six resolutions originated tee that drew up the Articles of Con- in the Marine Committee, of which federation, the Marine Committee, the Navy Board was a part. the committee to publish the Jour- The first of these bills was pre- nals of Congress, and on the Com- sented by Hopkinson on May 25, mittee on the Treasury. Certainly 1780; it included eight items and for contemporary documents place him these services he requested a “Quar- in deep involvement in Philadelphia ter Cask of the public Wine”. On in September 1776, when the New June 5 he was directed that he “state Jersey Assembly adopted the Great his account and leave it with the Seal of that State. been adopted (apparently in 1778) Auditor” which was promptly done. It is, of course, possible that as a proposal to replace the design On June 6 he submitted another bill, Hopkinson had corresponded with then in use. Although dated 1778, for 10 different services, now with a the Assemblymen on the matter, but which is the date the Board was monetary value of £2,700 for every- we have no documents to that effect. formed, the sketch bears the follow- thing. What is documented is that on Oc- ing inscription below it, “N.B. If you This bill was submitted to the Au- tober 3, 1776, the New Jersey As- lose this I will not draw another.” ditor-General who, in turn, passed sembly authorized the design and to Earl Williams compared this hand- it on to the Commissioners of the have Francis Hopkinson “… employ writing to Hopkinson’s and finds it Chamber of Accounts. On June 12, proper Persons at Philadelphia to is probably the same. the Commissioners reported “… that prepare a Silver Seal …”, which he The inscription seems to say that the Charge is reasonable and ought did by engaging Pierre Eugene du Hopkinson was aware he would not to be paid” in the sum of $7,200 Simitière, a well noted heraldic art- be paid for this work but did the Continental Dollars. On June 13, the ist of the day. This was work that sketch for someone out of a sense of Auditor-General reported to the Hopkinson was well skilled in doing duty or friendship, and not to expect Board of the Treasury that he had himself but probably didn’t have the another. In the context of his battle “… passed the same and now time for. It is this writer’s opinion over the bills to Congress, and after present it for allowance.” that there is insufficient evidence to the work he did for the currency, the That Board, however, insisted they state Francis Hopkinson designed Treasury and the Admiralty (see be- could not pay the bill because there the New Jersey Seal and Arms, he low), this makes more sense. Cer- were no vouchers. Together with a never claimed to have done so, and tainly it was not included in his bills third and fourth bill from that there is some circumstantial to Congress. Hopkinson, listing itemized charges evidence that he couldn’t have. Information from Standards and for nine items in hard money and in Illustration from Heraldry in Colors of the American Revolution by Continental Currency, this account America by Eugene Zieber (Bailey, Edward W. Richardson (Univ. of PA was returned to the Auditor-General Banks & Biddle, Philadelphia; 1909). Press; 1982) and correspondence on June 24 to be reconsidered. The SEAL OF THE BOARD OF with Earl P. Williams, Jr. Illustration Treasury Board had evidently re- WAR AND ORDINANCE from The Story of Our Flag by Harry quested this itemized listing from An undated and unsigned sketch Knill (Bellerophon, San Francisco, Hopkinson but were still unwilling for this proposed seal was found 1994). to pay it. Hastings, in his biography among the papers of General “Mad” HOPKINSON’S BILLS TO CONGRESS of Hopkinson, details the issue and Anthony Wayne, according to Four contemporary documents notes there was bad blood between Richardson. The design shows a pole (see table on Page 6), in Hopkinson’s Hopkinson, who was the Treasurer flying a plain field flag bearing 13 own hand and signed by him, show of Loans, and the Treasury Board, six-pointed stars arranged in a pat- his claim to having been the designer so much so that Hopkinson later tern of 4-3-4-2, surmounted by a of the United States Flag, among filed formal charges against the Liberty Cap within a radiant “glory”. other items. He describes it in four Board (see below). Next to the pole is a cannon and ways, “the Flag of the United States At any rate, the Auditor-General some cannon balls and below are of America,” “the great Naval Flag of again passed the paperwork on to two crossed muskets with bayonets. the United States,” “the Naval Flag the Commissioners on June 28 and Along the rim is the inscription of the United States,” and “the Na- they reported on June 29 that their U.S.A. Seal of the Board of War and val Flag of the States.” The latter de- report of June 12 was not resubmit- Ordnance. and the date 1778. scriptions are not surprising since ted. Again, on July 1, the Auditor- It is possible this proposal was on June 14, 1777, Hopkinson was General sent the matter to the Trea- made after the Seal of this Board had sury Board, who sent it back to him —5— NAVA News 34/3-#171 on August 4, “with special instruc- was not the only person consulted been avoided by the parties involved. tions.” It was again passed to the on those exhibitions of Fancy …”, 2. They recommended the entire struc- Commissioners and they again re- “… the public is entitled to these little ture be reorganized into a depart- ported, on August 7, that the sum assistances given by Gentlemen who ment with a single individual respon- should be paid. The Auditor-General enjoy a very considerable Salary sible to Congress. returned this report to the Board of under Congress without Fee or fur- Nine months later, on August 23, the Treasury with the statement that ther reward…”, and because 1781, Congress passed the follow- he had again “passed the same and Hopkinson “… viewed the Success ing resolution: “That the report rela- present it for allowance.” of his application for the wine as very tive to the fancy-work of F. Meanwhile, on July 6, Hopkinson uncertain, and considered in the Hopkinson ought not to be acted on.” had filed charges against the Trea- light of a compliment due him for By then, however, Hopkinson had sury Board, specifically citing the these works of Fancy.” In other resigned as Treasurer of Loans, ac- problems with dealing with his ac- words, Hopkinson was not the only cepted on July 24, 1781, the same count. A Committee of Congress was person consulted (indeed, this is very day on which his chief opponent on appointed to look into these charges true as the U.S. Seal was the result the Board of the Treasury also re- and they held a hearing on August of quite a number of consultants, signed. It should be noted that at the 7, but the Board of the Treasury including Hopkinson), he was al- same time his war with the Treasury failed to appear. On August 25, the ready in the pay of Congress and he Board was proceeding, Hopkinson Committee reported to Congress on just wanted public credit for his de- was being impeached as a Judge of the matter, concluding “That the sign work. The most important fact the Pennsylvania Admiralty Court behavior in office of … the Board, is is that no one at the time denied he for allegedly receiving unauthorized very reprehensible, extremely dis- did any of the work he claimed. moneys from the sale of prizes. He gusting, and has destroyed all The Committee of Congress held was later acquitted of all charges. friendly communication of Counsels, another hearing at which two of the Hopkinson had many powerful en- and harmony in the Execution of three Treasury Board members fi- emies, as well as many powerful Public Affairs” and recommended nally appeared. They defended their friends, including Franklin, dismissing the entire Board. actions solely on the basis there were Jefferson and Washington. Congress heard this report on Sep- no vouchers submitted. In the No- It should be noted that Hopkinson tember 7 and sent it back to the com- vember 24 report, the committee was sought out by the Second Seal mittee, who then made another in- stated that the Board of the Trea- Committee of Congress to produce vestigation, on which they reported sury had tried to obstruct and di- designs for their consideration, and on November 24. Meanwhile, the rect their work, that the situation as such, certainly had he not been a Treasury Board sent Congress a de- was created by jealousy and dishar- member of Congress, there should cision on Hopkinson’s account on mony between the Board and the have been no question that he would October 27, which rejected the ac- Treasurer of Loans, and that all of be paid for his services. Likewise, he count based on 1. “… Hopkinson this could have, and should have, would probably have been paid for his designs for the currency as oth- The Bills from Francis Hopkinson < June 24, @ June 25, May 25, 1780 June 6, 1780 to the Continental Congress 1780 1780 ers seem to have been. The Flag of the United States of America This information from The Life and ✔✔£ 9 £540 [The great Naval Flag of the United States] Works of Francis Hopkinson by 7 Devices [with Mottos] ✔✔£ 7 £420 for the Continental Currency George E. Hastings (Univ. of Chicago The Seal of the Board of Treasury ✔✔£ 3 £180 Press; 1926). NAVAL FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES Ornaments, Devices & Checks for the new ✔✔£ 3 £180 Bills of Exchange in Spain & Holland As mentioned, Hopkinson’s bills A Seal for the Shiping Papers of the U.S. ✔✔£ 3 £180 refer to the Stars and Stripes in ba- sically two ways, with three of the ✔✔ The Seal of the Board of Admiralty £ 3 £180 four bills submitted making refer- The Borders, Ornaments & Checks for the new Continental Currency now in the ✔✔£ 5 £300 ence to it being a “naval” flag. His Press, — a Work of considerable Length involvement in naval affairs, espe- A Great Seal for the United States of ✔✔£10 £600 cially in 1777, is well documented America, with a Reverse Ornaments, Borders & Checks for the and is consistent with the long-held ✗✔£ 2 £120 Loan Office Certificates theory that the U.S. Flag was origi- Devices & Ornaments for the Commissions in the Navy of the United ✗✔✗ ✗nally intended to be a marine flag. States now in Hand & not completed Indeed, as late as 1779, General Quarter Cask T O T A L A M O U N T Washington was still mulling over of the public £2,700 £45 £2,700 R E Q U E S T E D Wine what design the U.S. Standard

The "X" means he did not list this should have, “as being variant from item on the bill and the check Hard Continental Notes the Marine Flag.” means he did but did not itemize Money Currency the charge. We have no documentation on what exact design (if any) Hopkinson —6— July — September 2001 had in mind for the flag. Conclu- One of the reasons for the failure stood the force of the storm). A por- sions to this survey are listed at the of the Continental Currency was tion of the emblem is printed in red end of this article. counterfeiting. Particularly in 1778 ink. The illustration is from the Pocket and before, the notes were easy to THE EIGHTY DOLLAR BILL OF 1779 Almanac of 1784 by Thomas Bailey fake and this was done on a large The emblem on the obverse of the (T. & J. Flett, Boston; 1783) and was scale to undermine the Patriot gov- note shows a large tree with the selected for this chart because ex- ernment. The 1779 notes had a red motto Et in Secula Seculorum isting documentation from Ameri- center on the seal and other features Florescebit (And it will flourish can sources during the Revolution- to discourage counterfeiting. In ad- throughout the ages). A portion of the ary War indicate that it is typical of dition, the $40 and $60 notes were emblem is printed in red ink. the most common designs. See reissued in 1779 with a red center BORDERS, ORNAMENTS & CHECKS NAVA News #167, April-June 2000. also. FOR THE NEW CONTINENTAL The author is in no way suggesting The currency and bill of exchange CURRENCY “NOW IN THE PRESS” this was the design Hopkinson had illustrations and information are No examples of these notes have in mind on June 14, 1777. from the Robert H. Gore, Jr. Numis- been located for this survey. It is SYMBOLS ON matic Endowment, University of probably because of the collapse of CONTINENTAL CURRENCY Notre Dame, Department of Special the Continental Currency in 1779- Hopkinson designed a number of Collections web site feits that had been placed into cir- rency issued in 1778 and 1779. He THE FORTY DOLLAR BILL culation. None of the numismatic specifically charged Congress for OF 1778 AND 1779 catalogs list any Continental Cur- seven designs (with mottoes) and The emblem on the front of this rency issued after 1779. numismatic catalogs bear this out. note shows the rays of an all seeing ORNAMENTS, DEVICES AND CHECKS He also billed for designs for the new eye shining down on what appear to FOR THE BILLS OF EXCHANGE Continental Currency “now in the be a sacrificial alter with a flame that IN SPAIN & HOLLAND press,” but it appears this was never is surrounded by thirteen eight- No example of any of these bills issued. pointed stars, below is the motto were located for this survey, but an Under the Articles of Confedera- Confederation. example of one for France signed by tion, adopted on June 26, 1778, THE FIFTY DOLLAR BILL OF 1778 Hopkinson was. These bills were is- both the individual states and the The emblem on the front of the sued in uncut sheets of four bills central government retained the note shows a thirteen-stepped pyra- redeemable in Spain or Holland at right to issue currency. This re- mid, with the motto Perennis (Ever- the office of the American Commis- sulted in the emission of numerous lasting). sioners. If the first bill was lost at issues to pay for the war. The situa- THE SIXTY DOLLAR BILL sea the owner would the send the tion became especially acute in OF 1778 AND 1779 second, then the third and, if nec- 1779 and subsequent years. In The emblem on the front of this essary, the fourth bill. Once a bill January of 1779 colonial and con- note shows a celestial orb with the arrived at its destination and was tinental currencies were trading at motto from Psalm 97, Deus regnat cashed, the other bills were void. between 7.42 to 8 paper dollars to a exultet terra (God reigns, let the earth Bills of exchange were valuable in- Spanish dollar; however by June of rejoice). struments for businessmen who 1781 the rate was from 100 to 350 THE THIRTY-FIVE DOLLAR needed to make payments in foreign paper dollars to a Spanish dollar. BILL OF 1779 countries, but the Continental Con- By December of 1781 the rates had The emblem on the front shows a gress also used these bills for other reached 725 paper dollars to a plow in the field, with the motto Hinc purposes. On the example cited Spanish dollar in North Carolina opes (This is our wealth). A portion above, the text specifically states the and 1,000 paper dollars to a Span- of the emblem is printed in red ink. bill was issued “for interest due on ish dollar in Virginia! THE FORTY-FIVE DOLLAR BILL money borrowed by the United Devaluation had become so dra- OF 1779 States.” This was part of the national matic that several states stopped The emblem on the obverse of this loan certificate program. issuing currency. To remedy this note shows beehives in a shed sur- ORNAMENTS, BORDERS & problem the Continental Congress rounded by the motto Sic floret CHECKS FOR THE passed a resolution on March 18, Respublica (Let the Republic flourish). LOAN OFFICE CERTIFICATES 1780 guaranteeing payment in A portion of the emblem is printed No examples of these certificates Spanish milled dollars for new state in red ink. have been located for this survey. emissions that were to be distrib- SEVENTY DOLLAR BILL OF 1779 SEAL OF THE BOARD OF TREASURY uted in exchange for depreciated The emblem on the front of the In 1778 the Continental Congress Continental Currency (generally at note shows a single tree with the named John Witherspoon, the rate of $40 continental currency motto Vim Procellarum Quadrennium Gouverneur Morris and Richard to $1 in guaranteed currency). Con- Sustinuit (For four years it has with- Henry Lee to a committee design gress stopped issuing paper money. Continued on Page 10 —7— The Fancy-work of F. Hopkinson

Hopkinson Coat of Arms Seal of the American Naval Flag of the Seal of the Board of Device on the Forty Dollar Device on the Fifty Dollar Philosophical Society United States War and Ordinance Continental Bill Continental Bill 1770 1777 1778 1778 1778

Device on the Sixty Dollar Device on the Thirty-five Device on the Forty-five Device on the Seventy Dollar Device on the Eighty Dollar Seal of the Continental Bill Dollar Continental Bill Dollar Continental Bill Continental Bill Continental Bill Board of Treasury 1778 1779 1779 1779 1779 1779-80

Seal of the First Design of a Great Seal First Design of a Great Seal Second Design of a Great Second Design of a Great Seal of the University of the Board of Admiralty of the United States of the United States Seal of the United States Seal of the United States State of Pennsylvania obverse reverse obverse reverse 1780 1782 1780 1780 1780 1780

NORTH AMERICAN VEXILLOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION • PMB 225, 1977 N Olden Ave Ext, Trenton NJ 08618-2193 USA • http://www.NAVA.org/ • © 2001 NAVA - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NAVA News 34/3-#171 Hopkinson, Continued from Page 7 department and the Admiralty were submitted two designs for consider- seals for the Treasury and the Ad- inextricably entwined. Hopkinson ation for the Great Seal of the United miralty. The committee reported on had served on the Marine Commit- States in 1780. The first was a a design for the Admiralty, which tee; he was chairman of the Navy sketch in pencil (which doesn’t re- was adopted more than a year later, Board on June 14, 1777, when the produce well) showing a shield with but there is no record of a report flag was adopted. Later he was ap- 15 alternate white and red diagonal about a seal for the Treasury. pointed Treasurer of Loans, among stripes, above which is an heraldic Treasury Department records in- whose main duties was to oversee wreath below a helmet (crossed out dicate that the actual creator of its the Bills of Exchange, a strictly mari- in the sketch), over which is a sun- seal probably was Francis time instrument. Still later, he was burst through the clouds out of Hopkinson, who is known to have appointed Judge of the Pennsylva- which appears 13 stars, probably submitted bills to the Congress in nia Admiralty Court. six-pointed, and in a slightly hap- 1780 authorizing design of depart- The seal, the design of which hazard arrangement that is a sort of mental seals, including one for the seems to be available only through tilted 3-2-3-2-3. For supporters, on Board of Treasury and one for the later interpretations, shows a shield the left is a Native American holding Board of the Admiralty. Although it divided by a chevron composed of 13 an unstrung bow and an arrow and, is not certain that Hopkinson was alternate red and white vertical on the right is a goddess represent- the designer, the Seal is similar to stripes, with blue above and white ing Peace. The motto is Bello vel pace others he designed. below, the white field bearing an paratus (Prepared in war or in peace) The Seal shows its arms depicting anchor, probably in gold. For the and around the rim is inscribed The balancing scales (to represent jus- crest there is an heraldic wreath with Great Seal of the United States of tice), a key (the emblem of official a full-rigged ship on it. The design America. authority) and a chevron with thir- available shows what is obviously The reverse of this design shows teen stars (to represent the original the Stars and Stripes flying from it, Lady Liberty seated, holding a staff states), all on a gold shield. There is but it is not known if this feature with a liberty cap on the top of it and no definitive description of the col- appears on Hopkinson’s original de- a sword. Below is the date ors of the chevron and the other sign. This would be an important MDCCLXXX (1780) and above is the emblems, although they are cur- topic for further research. motto Aut haec aut nullus (Either this rently shown as blue in the modern Below the shield is a ribbon bear- or nobody), obviously referring to version of this seal. ing the motto Sustentans et Lady Liberty. This motto is crossed The Seal has the Latin inscription sustentatum (Sustaining and Sus- out in the sketch. around the rim, Thesuar. Amer. tained), obviously referring to the The second sketch is a refinement Septent. Sigil. which is an abbrevia- twin duties of the Board, that of pro- of the first. It shows a blue shield on tion of Thesauri Americæ curing supplies and that of distrib- which are placed 13 white and red Septentrionalis Sigillum (The Seal of uting them to the individual ships. diagonal stripes, over which is an the Treasury of North America). On the rim is the inscription U:S.A. heraldic wreath and then above that The seal has been recut at several Sigil. Naval which is an abbreviation the sunburst and 13 six-pointed points in the past and, although for U:S.A. Sigillum Naval (U.S.A. Ma- stars, arranged here in a sort of 2- until 1968 was authorized to be ex- rine Seal). On the bottom of the rim 3-2-2-2-2 arrangement. Note that actly the same as previous designs, are 13 stars. the helmet, crossed out in the ear- some changes have been made over Hopkinson’s deign was adopted by lier sketch is missing. The support- the years. It is not known for cer- the Board of the Admiralty on May ers are a Roman Warrior holding a tain by this author if the original seal 4, 1780. According to Hastings, there sword and, again, the Goddess of showed five-pointed stars as shown may be a tradition that the original Peace. The motto Bello vel paci (In here or not. design (he states “for the flag” but war or in peace) appears at the bot- Information and illustration from presents this in the context of the tom. It bears the same inscription the Office of Public Correspondence Admiralty Seal) used six pointed around the rim as the first sketch. (OPC), U.S. Treasury Department stars. The reverse again shows a seated web site . Additional in- Flag by Harry Knill (Bellerophon, erty cap but no sword. The date at formation from Seals of Our Nation, San Francisco, 1994). the bottom has been changed to States, and Territories by Elizabeth SEAL FOR THE SHIP PAPERS MDCCLXXVI (1776) and above is the W. King (National Geographic Maga- OF THE UNITED STATES motto Semper (Always), which is zine, Washington, D.C.; Vol. XC, No. No examples of this seal have been crossed out. Above that is written in 1, July 1946). located for this survey. Libertas virtute perennis (Liberty ev- SEAL OF THE BOARD OF ADMIRALTY PROPOSED DESIGNS FOR A GREAT erlasting because of virtue); however Along with the Treasury seal, SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES the first word is also crossed out, Hopkinson designed a seal for the As a consultant to the Second Seal leaving Virtute perennis (Everlasting Board of Admiralty. At this time Committee of Congress, Hopkinson because of virtue). (1778-1780) and later, the Treasury This final design was submitted in —10— July — September 2001 a report for the consideration of Con- University of Pennsylvania web site stars, but these are later realizations gress on May 10, 1780, just 15 days . was the same in the original Congress did not adopt his design, CONCLUSION sketches, indeed, there is some but some of his design elements did Francis Hopkinson was a prolific slight indication at least for the Ad- eventually show up in the design writer, artist and musician. In addi- miralty design that these were origi- that was adopted. tion, he was active in the social, po- nally six-pointed as well. Illustrations: First design, obverse, litical and religious life of the day. It seems obvious to this writer that from The Story of Our Flag by Harry His designs were adopted by a num- Hopkinson had NO particular design Knill (Bellerophon, San Francisco, ber of public institutions as their for the stars in the US Flag in mind 1994). The other three designs from symbols or have had a serious im- on June 14, 1777. Any “constella- The Eagle and the Shield by Richard pact on those ultimately adopted. He tion” of stars would do, whether in a S. Patterson and Richardson Dougall was the only person to have stated circle, in rows or in any other hap- (US Dept. of State, Washington, DC; he designed the U.S. Flag himself hazard fashion, as long as it was 1978) and this claim was considered by a clearly a “new constellation,” a term SEAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE number of others who certainly had that was not defined specifically in STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA first-hand knowledge of the truth or 1777, but was considered obvious Hopkinson had graduated from were in a position to easily find out. at the time. the College of Philadelphia, as has No one ever disputed his claim. What The author would especially like to been noted. In 1779, supposedly they did dispute was, as a servant thank Earl P. Williams, Jr. for his in- because of the dean’s Loyalist sym- of a Republic and already in its pay, sight and information in this survey. pathies, it’s the charter was abro- his desire to get any special recog- gated and in its place, the state as- nition or compensation for such NAVA News sembly created the University of the “fancy-work.” Published quarterly by the North State of Pennsylvania. Hopkinson, A number of the various designs American Vexillological Association (NAVA), PMB 225, 1977 N Olden Ave Ext, who had been a trustee of the Col- include similar symbols, and several Trenton NJ 08618-2193 USA. ISSN lege was retained on the Board of the of them reflect his own coat of arms, 1053-3338. Material appearing in NAVA University. On December 23, 1782 which included a chevron, six- News does not necessarily reflect the the Board adopted a seal, describ- pointed stars, and the colors red, policy or opinion of NAVA, the executive ing the Device a front view of the Or- white and blue. Two designs, appar- board or of the editor. rery belonging to the University, in- ently in production at the same time, Please send articles, letters to the edi- vented and made by David include chevrons (Treasury and Ad- tor and inquiries concerning advertising rates and permission to reprint articles Rittenhouse, esq. Above the Orrery a miralty). to: [six-pointed] Star of the first magni- So, do these designs give us any David Martucci, Editor tude in full radiance being one of the hint as to what design Hopkinson 240 Calderwood Rd thirteen stars in the arms of the had in mind for the Stars and Stripes Washington ME 04574-3440 USA United States, representing the State on June 14, 1777? This is hard to (207) 845-2857 of Pennsylvania. The inscription answer, since the bulk of his designs [email protected] Sigillum Universitatis Pennsyl- were done between one to three Articles may be submitted in hard copy or in any Macintosh or PC format (ex- vaniensis [Seal of the University of years after the flag was adopted, his cepting Lotus Word Pro) on 3.5” diskettes Pennsylvania]. The resolve also di- most prolific period. However, one or Zip disks. A hard copy showing all rected Hopkinson to have a seal cut should consider any possibility of the formatting preferences should accom- and that the old seal of the Acad- flag design being reflected in these pany the disk. Articles and/or disks ac- emy be sold for as much as could be later designs. companied by a SASE will be returned. realized. Two of these designs, War and Ord- Please send copies or originals of any Hopkinson’s alma mater was res- nance and Admiralty, actually depict flag-related newspaper and magazine clippings to: urrected in 1789, and was officially flags; three others, $40 Bill and the Vexi-Bits joined to the University in 1791. The obverses of the two sketches for the NAVA seal was used by this institution Great Seal of the U.S., have “con- PMB 225 until about 1812, when the original stellations” of stars. Three of the 1977 N Olden Ave Ext design of the College Seal (designed designs (Admiralty and the obverses Trenton NJ 08618-2193 USA by Benjamin Franklin) was re- of the two sketches for the Great Seal [email protected] adopted by the combined institution, of the U.S.) show alternating white Please send all non-NAVA News related correspondence, including change of then Hopkinson’s design was again and red (or red and white) stripes, address or changes in email status to used from 1840 to 1848, when the although none of them are horizon- the Association’s permanent address: Franklin design was again adopted tal. NAVA and is still in use today. The Uni- The $40 Bill has eight-pointed PMB 225 versity also has a very different de- stars while the U.S. Seal designs and 1977 N Olden Ave Ext sign for a coat of arms. the War and Ordnance and Univer- Trenton NJ 08618-2193 USA Information from The Life and sity of PA designs all have six- [email protected] Works of Francis Hopkinson by pointed stars. The Treasury and Visit NAVA on the web at George E. Hastings (Univ. of Chicago Admiralty designs show five-pointed http://www.nava.org/ Press; 1926). Illustration from the ©2001 NAVA - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED —11— NAVA News 34/3-#171 ... and this is “MY” Family Crest by Gus Tracchia

Some time ago, in my office, I other Americans rebelled against cination, reminds me of a won- saw one of the top managers the thought of having an upper derful article published in one of walking proudly holding in one ruling class. The Canadian Flag Association hand a bunch of papers and, in It seems odd, therefore, that (CFA), Flagscan issues. The col- the other, his personal coffee Americans from the north, as well umn entitled “The Canton,” mug. I was able to detect a coat as from the south, wish to en- smartly written by Sydney Smith, of arms on the mug and, echoes some of my very promplty and properly, CREST unhappiness about I enquired about it. “It’s the this phenomenon. Let MANTLE Family Crest,” he responded HELM me quote Sydney proudly. The answer did not Smith: “If a person is surprise me since it is very entitled to use a common for “commons” to coat of arms, WREATH display so-called “family they usually crests.” Trying to get back to know all about it. my boring and If they do not then the unglamourous duties, I chances are that they could not stop thinking are not entitled to about this fascination on arms. If perchance, familiy crests, titles, and they are entitled to coat of arms. This fascina- arms but unaware of tion is not only wide spread the fact, then look- in North ing for their America, but in SUPPORTERS SHIELD name in a book Latin America at a stall in the as well. shopping centre is First, I was curious not the way to go about the usage of the about finding it.” term “crest,” which in A few years ago a heraldry, the collective cousin of mine, while term “crest”, describes tracing the family’s the ornament or other genealogy, found a objects placed above the remote connection shield, rather than the MOTTO SCROLL with “royalty” in the actual coat of arms. A Arms of the Virginia Company in the 17th Century. Italian Abruzzi/ crest is part of a coat of These arms have no compartment, which is a mound Molisse region. Dur- arms, but never the or other feature upon which the supporters stand. ing his own vaca- coat of arms. tions, and with his However, my thoughts were not hance themselves by showing a own money, he set out to explore directed towards the correct us- “royal” heritage. I’ve always won- the wonderful countrysides age of heraldic terminolgy, but dered why, if our families were of around Aquila, Chieti, rather towards the fascination privilege, they chose to embark Campobasso, and other delight- some people have about a family to the Americas, and leave their ful cities and villages of the Ital- shield. homeland and upper status. I ian Adriatic Riviera region. His The American republics were also wondered, given to the many only royal lead was when he dis- founded as egalitarian societies. who claim to be descendents of a covered our family name printed Many of the american nations privileged family, where the on a wine making machine while fought a war of independence “campesinos” are that plowed the touring a winery. As I had antici- against a monarchy. Jose de San fields of Europe. pated, our true connections to Martin, Francisco Miranda, This innocent and benign fas- the Italian throne were very tenu- George Washington, and many —12— ous, but, if we ever had had a July — September 2001 chance to it, we probably lost it the actual figures used; these fig- one shield two or more devices is due to intoxication. Once again ures could be human beings, called Marshalling of Arms. Sydney Smith: “In the event that semi-humans called tenants, Summarizing, to have a Coat of he is related, the arms therein animals or beasts called support- Arms is not as simple as you may still not be his.” ers, and trees or inanimate ob- might think, but if you do not However, if you realy think you jects called soutiens). The other want to get into all that work, the are entitled to bear arms, you four elements of the full achieve- other option is for you to design should write to the Heraldry Of- ment are: Compartments, Motto your own device following heral- fice of the country in question Scroll, Wreath, and of course, the dic rules, which could be ob- and request information. Also Crest. Another very important tained at any public library. you can write to The American aspect is the “marshaling” of the Perhaps this last recommenda- College of Heraldry, in the United arms. tion will be seen as “horribilis” States, and in Canada to by the purist of heraldry and The Chief Herald of Canada its rules, but at least the fi- at The Canadian Heraldic nal product will be your own Authority, in Mexico the coat of arms. Academia Mejieana de However, my real recom- Genealogia y Heráldiea and mendation to you is this: If they will be able to help and you’d like to show a particu- guide you in a professional lar emblem or device, do it in way on how to go about it. the form of a flag. It is simple Arms can be confirmed and very democratic. Re- once pedigrees are recorded member, flags preceeded establishing the right of all coats of arms by a few cen- members of the family to turies, and if you need any use arms. (A fee is re- guidance as to how to design quired.) your own personal, or family In the case of England, flag, write to NAVA for plenty once eligibility is estab- of good and profesional help. lished, a warrant is issued No fee required. by the Earl Marshal in- structing the kings of arms If you have a personal flag, to proceed. The desiqn is or coat of arms, send us a agreed on by the petitioner, drawing and expla- the arms are unique, and nation.Write about it. NAVA the records are searched News is only a reflection of thoroughly before the de- its members. sign is finally approved. A patent is issued, which is a American College of form of diploma illustrating Heraldry not only the full achieve- Drawer CG ment of the arms, but also An example of the Marshalling of Arms University of Alabama a standard, and a badge or Tuscaloosa AL 35486-2870 badges. The diploma also bears Heraldry provides means of dis- USA the Arms of the Earl Marshal, The tinguishing one person from the Sovereign, the College of Arms, other. It was logical, therefore, Chief Herald of Canada and the Seal and Signature of the that one might wish to show ad- Canadian Heraldic Authority Garter King of Arms. ditional devices on the shield Rideau Hall The full achievement of the adquired by inheretance, mar- Ottawa ON K1A 0A1 Canada arms consists of eight principal riage, etc. In consequence, in the elements as follows: Shield, Man- particular case of a family shield, Academia Mejieana de tling, Helm or Helmet, (crown, or this is not complete if does not Genealogia y Heráldiea coronet, depending upon the include the maternal devices as Mision Nº 11 nobiliary rank), Supporters, (ten- well. The art of representing in Fracc. Lomas de Santa Fe ants, or soutiens, depending on Mexico, 01210 D.F. Mexico —13— NAVA News 34/3-#171 To the Editor PROPOSED REDESIGN In Luc Baronian’s essay OF THE NEVADA STATE FLAG “Franco-Ontarian flag officially recognized by Queen’s Park” by John C. Karp Jr. AG/B (NAVA NEWS 34/2) he writes 3. Other Design Elements / Im- “Americans are often puzzled by B ages : a. The shape of the white the importance given to French W snowcap also suggests an ar- speakers in Canada; a past NAVA rowhead, which symbolizes president even once told me he the State’s early native Ameri- didn’t understand why provincial can inhabitants and culture. French-Canadian associations b. The five-pointed silver star bothered to adopt flags, while was used in previous Nevada Italian-Canadians and other AG flags. Its five points are sym- groups didn’t.” I believe this is bolic of : SYMBOLISM : (1) The five key natural re- referring to me. I recall a brief 1. Overall : the dominant design sources of the State : min- discussion we had, but feel that element is the snowcapped sil- erals, oil, forests, water, my point and purpose in the dis- ver mountain which represents and geothermal energy. cussion have been misrepre- how the State got its name: (2) The five major industries sented. nevada is Spanish for of the State : mining, agri- I appreciate the long and com- “snowcapped.” culture/ranching, gaming/ plex history of Francophones in 2. Colors : entertainment, tourism, Canada. I grew up relatively near a. The colors silver and blue are and manufacturing. the official State colors. the border and have been lucky b. Silver represents the fact that John C. Karp, Jr., 1117 Wisteria enough to visit and travel in Nevada has historically been Dr., Minden, Nevada Canada many times in my life a major producer of the min- and to study its history. My eral silver, and the State’s Editor’s note: question was not that of an igno- nickname is “the Silver State.” Announced 9/28/01, John’s rede- rant American puzzled by the c. The blue field represents the sign of Nevada’s state flag has been importance given to French many lakes in the State, the selected as a winner in the Utne speakers in Canada. Indeed, my clear blue skies (day & night) Reader Flag Contest! It will be printed enjoyed over so much of the along with his name and an expla- point was to get at a clearer per- State throughout the year, nation of his ideas in the upcoming ception of Canada’s multicultural and traditionally has to been November/December issue (available and multilingual society. I am used to represent “wealth.” October 29). very interested in the dynamics d. White obviously symbolizes Congratulations on a great flag of multicultural and crosscul- snow. idea! tural interactions; I believe vexillology needs to probe these Cyber-survey in Flag Bulletin #200 areas more. I said (and I con- The first-ever cyber-survey Mass. 01890 USA) at US$13, tinue to aver) vexillologists need in the history of vexillology! payable by check — or by to research and clarify how dif- Peter Orenski’s unique analy- credit card (by phone, 781- ferent ethnic groups use flags in sis of “The State and Future 729-9410; fax, 781-721-4817; different ways in different cul- of Vexillology,” a year in the or email, [email protected]; tural contexts. If Francophones making, will appear in the include VISA or MasterCard are historically the only provin- cial ethnic groups adopting flags, 40th anniversary issue of The number, expiration date, and this is very interesting and de- Flag Bulletin. A fascinating name and address for deliv- serves more analysis. My ques- and important document, this ery). Contact the FRC for tion was and remains, do we item is a must for everyone in- quantity prices. know this is true throughout terested in the study of flags. Special offer! Subscribe to Canada and across the last cen- Copies are available postpaid The Flag Bulletin for 2001 (all tury? from the Flag Research Cen- six issues, including No. 200) Professor Scot Guenter ter (Box 580, Winchester, for only US$32. San Jose, CA —14— July — September 2001 19th ICV in Pictures York, England, 22-27 July 2001 Photos on Page 16 1. Three of the Flag Institute hosts hoist the 19ICV Flag at Tempest Ander- son Hall. L to R, Michael Faul, Robin Ashburner (FI President) and Gra- ham Bartram. 2. Marcus Schmöger of Germany gave an excellent presentation on Flags in Comics. 3. Three Presidents at the closing ban- quet. L to R, Dave Martucci (NAVA), Robin Ashburner (FI) and Philippe Rault (VP, SBV), who is holding his award from the IFMA for the best work in promoting new flags. 4. NAVA members Scot Guenter and Chumley the Vexi-Gorilla™ John Purcell and an unnamed sailor ... Is the creation of Michael Faul, Edi- blessed by humor’s grace, Mr Faul at the Hartlepool Historic Quay tour. tor of Flagmaster, the distinguished brings a delightfully light touch, deep 5. The City of York Crier opened the journal of The Flag Institute in the vexillological roots, and sparkling Congress. Behind him are (L to R) United Kingdom. To a field not often whimsy. two members of the City Council, Michel Lupant (FIAV President), Gra- ham Bartram and Robin Ashburner. 6. The FOTW group held an historic first non-virtual meeting and were voted into FIAV membership. 7. NAVA members Peter Orenski and Harry Oswald in their formal best. 8. Over 100 delegates attended. 9. The delegates paraded through the streets of Old York and past the Minster, with flags. 10. Alain Raullet of Brittany and Peter Orenski sing “We’re Off To See the Flaags, The Wonderful Flags of York.” 11. Flags of Assisi on display at the Hos- pitium. 12. Dave Martucci and Taiji Tanaka of Japan and his wife at Hartlepool. 13. Frans Smits of the Netherlands gave an interesting paper on Dutch mili- tary colors. 14. A recreated Viking flag at the Jorvik When We the People ... Centre. Is the centerpiece of a series of maybe even brag a little. It is lov- 15. Nozomi Kariyasu of Japan shows the posters I conceived to celebrate ingly dedicated to you and to Japanese Vexillological Assn. (JAVA) America, weaving the woof and warp America by Peter Orenski, Flag. JAVA was voted into FIAV mem- of our patrimony into an imaginary [email protected] bership. fabric of the Stars and Stripes. From When We the People ... flag poster 16. New flag for the New Zealand Flag a few yards away, the poster greets The red stripes consist of the words Association. you with familiar contours and col- of the Declaration of Independence, 17. Robin’s display on the different forms ors. As you approach, you first dis- Bill of Rights, Constitution, and of the Welsh Flag. L is João Lourenço tinguish the words of the National words to Star-Spangled Banner. of Zimbabwe, the youngest delegate. Anthem, then those of the Bill of Ideal for educators and public ser- R is Peter Orenski and C is Dave Rights, then the thoughtfully defi- vice organizations Martucci, whose head has been cut ant phrases of the Declaration of off and mounted as a part of the dis- To order write Gideon Flags, 520 play. Independence, until finally, up close, Oxford Blvd, Pittsburgh, PA 15243- 18. Two naughty ladies at Hartlepool, L you discern the entire text of our 1562 USA or call (412) 276-7689 or to R Janet Martucci and Carita Constitution. Like the country itself, e-mail [email protected] Culmer. Soft fruit throwers were not the poster will open its riches to you Price is $9.95 - free USA shipping. prosecuted! for the searching. A portion of the sale price will be 19. Clay Moss shows his family flag. Regard it, read it, revel in the glory donated to the SALVATION ARMY for 20. Royal Standards on display at the of its meaning ... and, who knows, relief efforts in New York and Wash- Hospitium. —15— ington, D.C. NAVA News 34/3-#171 See captions on Page 15 19th ICV

 

 

 



  

     





  Visit NAVA’s Award-winning Web Site http://www.nava.org —16— NAVA MEMBER NEWS FLAG DESIGN COMMITTEE It is becoming increasingly no College of Arms or Heraldic Vexillological Association, apparent that there needs to Authority to provide guidance, endorsed by NAVA’s Board in be some agency to provide and as a result, flags are Norfolk, Virginia, made up advice and infor med adopted that may be replete principally of vexillologists assistance to organizations, with symbolism, but are also with an interest in this area, individuals, and governmental crowded, unattractive, and in order to provide a much- entities that are considering hard to distinguish when needed service (even though the adoption of a distinctive flying. the potential recipients of the flag. The United States, Hence the formation of a service may not yet know they especially, could benefit from vexillographic committee as a need it!). The committee such a service, since there is part of the North American would: • Be made up of North NAVA STARTS FLAG American vexillologists/ vexillographers. • Offer its services through its CONSERVATION FUND members for help with good NAVA has created a special All members are encouraged flag design. fund separate from its other to make a special donation to • Provide guidance as to what financial accounts to be used this fund in order to help factors constitute good flag strictly in awarding prizes to preserve one of our primary design, perhaps eve n Flag Conservation programs resources, historic flags. There offering classes or seminars. that meet criteria established are a number of programs, • Encourage the adoption of by our Flag Conservation mostly associated w ith attractiv e flags through Committee. At the 35th museums, throughout the education and example. Convention in Norfolk, United States and Canada • Develop a code of ethics to Virginia, donations were that we will be considering for govern what is acceptable received to be placed in this future support if we can build practice in dealing with the fund. Our initial goal is to up these dedicated funds. public. raise at least $500 for an Please send your special Anyone interested in initial award. donation made payable to participating in this effort, Membe rs interested in “NAVA” and marked for the please contact serving on this committee Flag Conservation Fund to: Dr. John Purcell should contact the President, NAVA Flag Conservation Fund 6788 Laurel Trace Dave Martucci PMB 225 Middleburg Hts OH 44130-8376 240 Calderwood Rd 1977 N Olden Ave Ext USA Washington ME 04574-3440 USA Trenton NJ 08618 USA Tel.: (440) 816-1591 Tel. and fax: (207) 845-2857 Thanks for your consider- Fax: (440) 816-1594 Email: [email protected] ation. Email: [email protected] NAVA 2001-2002 Officers and Committees ELECTED OFFICERS President ...... David Martucci ...... 1st Vice President ..... Andrew Biles ...... <[email protected]> 2nd Vice President ... Kevin Murray ...... <[email protected]> Coming in January, 2002 Secretary ...... Richard Monahan ..... Treasurer ...... Edward Kaye ...... RAVEN 8 APPOINTED OFFICERS Studies in flag usage, design and research Auditor...... Gustav Tracchia ...... Historian ...... John Lowe ...... Confronting Tradition and Parliamentarian ...... Franklin McKechnie . Whim: The Design of United Registered Agent...... Ernest Aitchinson ..... States Civic Flags. John M. Protocol Officer ...... James Ferrigan III .... Purcell Shop Keeper ...... Mason Kaye ...... The Michigan Flags Project: EDITORS An Introduction to the NAVA News Editor .... David Martucci ...... Vexillology of Michigan Raven Editor ...... Edward Kaye ...... Webmaster ...... Jon Radel ...... Coupled with a Guide to Research in these United COMMITTEES (Note: email address go to all members of a committee) States. Kevin Harrington Budget ...... ...... Lee Herold The United Nations Flags Edward Kaye Peter Orenski and Poles. Gustavo Tracchia Gustavo Tracchia Good Flag, Bad Flag and the Convention ...... . Andrew Biles Great NAVA Flag Survey of Edward Kaye 2001. Edward B. Kaye Richard Monahan Flags Granted by the Cana- Kevin Murray dian Heraldic Authority: An Gustavo Tracchia Analytical Profile. Auguste Flag Conservation .... Devereaux Cannon Richard Clark Vachon James Ferrigan III Flag Design ...... ...... John Purcell Others to be announced Membership ...... ... Andrew Biles FREE COPY OF 18ICV Peter Orenski Harry Oswald PROCEEDINGS FOR Truman Pope PARTICIPANTS Nomination ...... ... Devereaux Cannon NAVA has arranged for Jon Radel Rick Broadhead each delegate who at- tended 18ICV/NAVA33 in Publications ...... .. James Croft Scot Guenter Victoria, BC to receive at Edward Kaye no additional charge a Dave Martucci copy of the congress pro- Annie Platoff ceedings being published John Purcell Jon Radel by the Canadian Flag As- NOTE sociation. Details are be- The President is an ex-officio member of all committees ing worked out now.