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Modelos De Competição No Setor De Telecomunicações Para Serviços De Banda Larga

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Modelos De Competição No Setor De Telecomunicações Para Serviços De Banda Larga UNIVERSIDADE CANDIDO MENDES Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa Mestrado em Economia Empresarial MODELOS DE COMPETIÇÃO NO SETOR DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES PARA SERVIÇOS DE BANDA LARGA JOSÉ ROBERTO DE SOUZA PINTO Rio de Janeiro Dezembro / 2009 UNIVERSIDADE CANDIDO MENDES Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa Mestrado em Economia Empresarial MODELOS DE COMPETIÇÃO NO SETOR DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES PARA SERVIÇOS DE BANDA LARGA JOSÉ ROBERTO DE SOUZA PINTO Dissertação apresentada ao curso de Mestrado em Economia Empresarial da UCAM, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Mestre. Orientador: Professora Dra. Maria Margarete da Rocha Co-Orientador: Professor Dr. Hamilton Carvalho Tolosa Rio de Janeiro Dezembro / 2009 P659m Pinto, José Roberto de Souza. Modelos de competição no setor de telecomunicações para serviços de banda larga / José Roberto de Souza Pinto. -- Rio de Janeiro, 2009. 135 f. : il. Dissertação(Mestrado) -- Universidade Candido Mendes, 2009. 1. Concorrência 2. Telecomunicação 3. Internet 4. Agências reguladoras I. Universidade Candido Mendes II. Título. CDU 339.137:621.39 4 JOSÉ ROBERTO DE SOUZA PINTO MODELOS DE COMPETIÇÃO NO SETOR DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES PARA SERVIÇOS DE BANDA LARGA. Dissertação apresentada ao curso de Mestrado em Economia Empresarial da UCAM, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Mestre. Aprovada em 04 / Março / 2010 BANCA EXAMINADORA Professora Dra. Maria Margarete da Rocha. Professor Dr. Jorge Fagundes. Professor Dr. Hamilton Carvalho Tolosa. Rio de Janeiro Dezembro / 2009 A minha mãe Leopoldina de Souza Pinto, falecida em Agosto de 2007 com 93 anos de idade, lúcida e que me acompanhou nesta jornada do curso de mestrado em economia empresarial, sempre me incentivando para buscar mais este título de mestre. Os aprendizados desde a época da infância foram fundamentais para minha formação pessoal e profissional, confirmando a importância da educação contínua e atualizada que é uma das exigências deste mundo em constante transformação. AGRADECIMENTOS 1- A minha esposa Sueli Cerqueira de Souza Pinto pela sua atenção e concordância de dedicar inúmeras horas que seriam destinadas à família e ao lazer durante estes últimos três anos em que me dediquei aos estudos e trabalhos exigidos para a conclusão deste Mestrado em Economia. 2- Aos Professores do Mestrado pela atenção, dedicação e paciência com que trataram as minhas dúvidas, desde a fase inicial do curso até conclusão desta dissertação. 3- A equipe de Suporte Administrativo do Mestrado, que sempre me atendeu com celeridade nestes anos de convivência. 4- Aos meus colegas de Curso que sempre me apoiaram e me prestigiaram durante todas as fases do curso, tornando o desafio a cada dia mais interessante. 5- Ao meu particular amigo e ex-companheiro de trabalho, Creso Roberto que me incentivou para o ingresso neste Curso de Mestrado. A sociedade do futuro será a do conhecimento, e os serviços de telecomunicações em banda larga disponíveis a toda a população se apresentam como um fator chave para atingir este objetivo. Jose Roberto de Souza Pinto (2009) RESUMO Este trabalho se propõe: 1) avaliar a evolução do Setor de Telecomunicações com ênfase na situação regulatória e de competição e foco nos Serviços de Banda Larga; 2) identificar os Modelos de Competição adotados em vários países, os recomendados por instituições internacionais, a sua adoção, evolução e resultados obtidos nos serviços de banda larga. O referencial teórico se fundamenta principalmente nos trabalhos de Carlton (2001), de Henten, Samarajiva e Melody (2003), da Organização de Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico – OCDE (2003) (2006) (2007), de Pindick (2003) e Rubinfeld e Singer (2001) sobre verticalização de serviços e competição no setor de telecomunicações, Gaffard & Krafft (2000) e Martin Fransman (2000) sobre os processos de regulação, e na eficiência dinâmica de Schumpeter, ditada pelas características de inovação que estão sempre presentes no setor influenciando os modelos de competição. O trabalho também apresenta vasta pesquisa sobre estudos realizados no setor de telecomunicações, contendo dados sobre a evolução dos serviços de banda larga obtidos no documento OCDE Communications Outlook 2007, na UIT – União Internacional de Telecomunicações, no Banco Mundial e em bases de dados especializadas do setor. A motivação sobre este tema decorre do atraso que o Brasil está experimentando em relação a outras nações no atendimento de serviços de telecomunicações em banda larga, conforme Estudo realizado pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) em 2008, que coloca o Brasil em 77º lugar entre 154 países avaliados quanto ao desenvolvimento das telecomunicações. Ao final do trabalho, selecionamos três modelos para a introdução de competição no serviço de banda larga, que são avaliados quanto à sua pertinência e oportunidade de serem adotados no Brasil. Palavra chave: Competição. Modelos. Banda Larga. ABSTRACT This research aims: 1) evaluating the evolution of the Telecommunication Sector, placing special emphasis on the regulatory and competition situation and focus on the Broadband Services; 2) identify the models of competition used in several countries, the ones recommended by international institutions, the adoption, evolution and the results obtained in Broadband Services. The theoretical reference is founded on the works of, Carlton (2001), Henten, Samarajiva and Melody (2003), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – OECD (2003) (2006) (2007), Pindick, R. S. (2003), MIT ( 2003) e Rubinfeld D. L., and Hal J. Singer (2001) “Vertical Foreclosure in Broadband Access” Gaffard & Krafft (2000) and Martin Fransman (2000) about the processes of regulation and dynamic efficiency of Schumpeter, dictated by the characteristics of innovation that are always present in the sector influencing the models of competition. This work also presents a vast research about studies carried on the telecommunication sector, with data on the evolution of broadband evolution based on the OECD Communications Outlook 2007, the International Telecommunication Union, the Word Bank and on specialized databases. The motivation of the accomplishment of this research comes from the delay Brazil is experiencing compared to other nations in this field, according to studies of the United Nation Organization (UNO) in 2008 that places Brazil on the 77th position among 154 other countries evaluated in telecommunication development. At the end of this research, three models to introduce competition in the broadband services are selected, which are evaluated as to pertinence and opportunity to be used in Brazil. Key words: Competition. Models. Broadband. SUMÁRIO 1 – INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................... 15 2 – O SETOR DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES NOS ÚLTIMOS ANOS E O BRASIL NESTE CONTEXTO .............................................................................................................. 18 3 – CONCEITOS E DEFINIÇÕES RELEVANTES SOBRE O SETOR DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES ............................................................................................ 24 4 – REGULAÇÃO E COMPETIÇÃO NOS SERVIÇOS DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES DE ACESSO EM BANDA LARGA ................................................................................... 29 4.1 – CARACTERÍSTICA INOVADORA DO SETOR DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES ............ 29 4.2 – TIPOS DE REGULAÇÃO ....................................................................................... 30 4.3 – REGULAÇÃO E DEFESA DA CONCORRÊNCIA.................................................... 33 5 – A BUSCA DE MODELOS PARA INTRODUÇÃO DE COMPETIÇÃO NO SETOR, SUA RELEVÂNCIA E JUSTIFICATIVA ...................................................................... 40 5.1 – MODELOS PARA INTRODUÇÃO DE COMPETIÇÃO ............................................. 40 5.2 – ABORDAGEM GERAL DA ORGANIZAÇÃO DE COOPERAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO – OCDE ........................................................ 42 5.3 – ABORDAGEM ESPECÍFICA DOS MODELOS DE SEPARAÇÃO ESTRUTURAL APLICADA AO SETOR DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES .................................................. 45 5.4 – ASPECTOS A SEREM CONSIDERADOS NA ADOÇÃO DE MODELOS DE SEPARAÇÃO ESTRUTURAL ................................................................................. 46 5.5 – PLATAFORMAS ALTERNATIVAS PARA SERVIÇOS DE BANDA LARGA .............. 48 6 – O MERCADO DE SERVIÇOS DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES EM BANDA LARGA ........ 52 6.1 – OS SERVIÇOS DE ACESSO EM BANDA LARGA E AS SOLUÇÕES ADOTADAS . 52 6.2 – A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PENETRAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS DE BANDA LARGA........... 67 6.3 – PRIORIDADE DA BANDA LARGA NO CONTEXTO NACIONAL ............................. 69 7 – EXPERIÊNCIA INTERNACIONAL NA ESCOLHA DO MODELO E A SUA EVOLUÇÃO .............................................................................................................. 73 7.1 – A EVOLUÇÃO DA REGULAMENTAÇÃO NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA . 73 7.2 – A EVOLUÇÃO DA REGULAMENTAÇÃO NA EUROPA .......................................... 74 7.2.1 – Evolução da regulamentação no Reino Unido segundo a OFCOM ................... 75 7.3 – O POSICIONAMENTO DA COMUNIDADE ECONÔMICA EUROPÉIA E DE OUTROS PAÍSES .................................................................................................. 83 8 – EXPERIÊNCIA INTERNACIONAL NO TOCANTE A PRÁTICAS ANTICOMPETITIVAS ............................................................................................... 90 9 – A ESCOLHA DO MODELO MAIS ADEQUADO ........................................................
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