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' EELATING TO SCOTLAND. 139 Edward II. prisoners ia liis custody to the sheriff of Suffolk, to be taken to the Tower of London. Shottle. [Close, 15 Echo. II. m. S8.] 132L 741. Safe conduct for the servants of the K.'s niece Maria countess Nov. 25. of Fife, coining from Scotland to make purchases for her in London. Foedera, li. 460. lUeford. [Patent, 15 Edw. 11. p. 1, m. 9] Nov. 29. 742. David de Strabolgi earl of Athol, declares that, as the K. has granted to him in perpetuity the castle, manor, and honour of Chil- ham in Kent, he will aid and serve him in all his enterprises, on pain of forfeiture. Pountfreit-on-Thames, 29th November 15th year. [Close, 15 Edw. II. m. SI, dorse.'] [1320-21, 743. Petition to the K. by John bishop of Carlisle, shewing how after the K. commanded him to go to Newcastle-on-Tyne at the Purifica- Feb. 2.] tion in his 14th year, in embassy with other magnates to treat with the Scots, where he remained nine weeks at great expense, and begging for some allowance in respect of these costs. [No date.] (Endorsed) It seems to the K. and Council that, since he went for the common good of the K., the realm, and his own bishopric, and did not go far out of the latter, he must bear his own expenses. [Parlia')ne7itary Petitions, No. SIOO.] 1321-22. 744 Warrant to the keepers of the Great seal to issue a commis- Jan. 30. sion to Dovenald de Mar to take possession in tlie K.'s name of Newerk castle, with its ' garnesture,' &c., and hold it for him during pleasure. Hereford. [Priv]/ Seals {Toiuer), 15 Edw. II. File /.] Feb. 9. 745. The K. empowers Andrew de Hartcla to treat with Robert de Brus and the Scots for a peace or truce. Gloucester. [Patent, 15 Edw. n.p.2,m. 29.] Dec. 6-Feb. 746. [Negotiations between the Scots and the Earl of Lancaster.] 16. (1) Safe conduct by James lord of Douglas for Eichard de Top- Foedera, ii. 463. cliff chaplain, and a companion, with their servants, to come to Jed- burgh. Etlebredehelys, Sunday, St Nicholas' day, a.d. 1321. jb. 472. (2) Eatification by Thomas Eandolf earl of Moray, lord of Annan- dale and Man, of same, to last till the Assumption of Our Lady. Written at Corbridge, Friday next after St Hilary, a.d. 1321. [15th January 1321-22.] lb. 474. (3) Safe conduct by same to Sir John de Moubray and Sir Eoger de Cliff'ord, with 40 horsemen, to enter Scotland. Done at Cavers, 16th February in the 16th year [i.e., of Eobert I.]. lb. (4) Transcript of a letter close under Sir James de Douglas's seal, entitled ' en la cue au Eoi Arthur.' seal, entitle lb. (5) Transcript of letter under Douglas's ' en la coue, a Mons' Eauf de Neville.' (6) Letter [probably from Lancaster] saying that their ' parlaunce 140 CALENDAR OF DOCUMENTS Edwakd II. was nearly completed, for the Earl of Hereford, Sirs Eoger Daumory, Hugh Daudele, Bartholomew de Badlesmere, Eoger de Clifford, John 1321-22. Giffard, Henry Tyeys, Thomas Mauduyt, John de Wylyngton, and himself, with others, had come to Pountfreyt, and were ready for [the Scots] assistance to march through England and Wales. Begs him to appoint a place of meeting and a safe conduct for 30 horse- men to go to Scotland. [No date.] [Close, 15 Edw. II. m. 18, dorso!] [1321-22.] 747. Oliver de Bordeus to Sir John de Bretayne earl of Richmond. March 20. Informs him, as he is, no doubt, desirous to learn, that the K. and Queen were well and hearty, thank God, on St Cuthbert's day, while he wrote, at Chester on the way to Scotland. The Earl of Carrick is at Perth (La vile Seynt Johan), and has taken a truce till Michaelmas. Regrets that he could not speak to his correspondent at his going to Gascony. He hoped to have returned to London, but could not get leave from the K. Begs him to advise and help his brothers in their affairs where he is. Is at his commands in all matters. Norman French. [Cliancery Miscellaneous Portfolios, No. ^^VO Trace of very small round seal, red wax, on back. 1321-22. 748. Letters patent, David de Strabolgyn earl of Athol, lord of Chil- March 22. ham and constable of the army, attesting that John de Pyppelton, well mounted and armed, had been received by the K. in lieu of Niohol Russel of Strengesham at Coventry on the 8th, and had served with the K. in the north, and that he may now go home. Pountfreyt. [Chancery Files, Bundle No. 175.] 1322. 749. The K. informs the keepers of his Great seal that a letter March 31. reached him the day before from the Mayor of Newcastle-ou-Tyne, with news of the Scottish invasion, a transcript of which he sent to his cousin the Earl of Pembroke, who has replied by letter, which the K. sends them, ordering writs to be drawn up as the Earl advises, and forwarded to himself, so. that they may be issued before this night. Altoftes. [Privy Seals {Tower), 15 Edw. II. File 1.] April 13. 750. The K. to Gilbert de Glenkarny [and 40 others]. Revokes the late commission granted to them to pursue and capture the rebels and their lands and chattels, and commands them to attend him with the same. Pontefract. [Close, 15 Edw. II. m. 13, dorso.] May 13. 751. The K. appoints John Perbrun burgess of Great Yarmouth, Admiral of the fleet against the Scots, from the mouth of the Thames [Patent, to the Border. York. 15 Edw. II. f. S, m. 13.] May 13. 752. The K. appoints Robert Bataille a baron of the Cinque ports. Admiral of the fleet going to serve against the Scots. York. [Patent, 15 Ediu. II. p. S, m. 13.] EELATING TO SCOTLAND. 141 Edwaed II. ; 142 CALENDAR OF DOCUMENTS Edward II. 761. The K. sends the Bishop of Norwich the chancellor, a petition from the burgesses of Lancaster, for his attention. Goseford. 1322. (Enclosure) The burgesses of Lancaster shew the K. that by grant ' Aug. 5. of his besael ' K. John, they have common pasture and estovers in Whernemor forest, i.e., dead wood for burning, and live wood for building, as they need. That the Scots lately came and burned their town and castle so entirely that nothing is left. And Sir John Travers the K.'s warden in these parts, prevents them taking estovers to repair their burgages, and they pray remedy. [Frivy Seals (Tower), 16 Edw. II. File 6.] Aug. 17. 762. Warrant to the Chancellor to issue letters exonerating David de Strabolgi earl of Athol, from his trespass in purchasing the manors of Halton and Claverworth in Northumberland from John deHalton. Lowethre. [Privy Seals (Toioer), 16 Edw. II. File 5.] Aug. 17. 763. Pardon to the Earl nt supra. Lauder. [Fateiit, 16 Edw. II. p. 1, m. W.] Aug. 22. 764. The K. in fulfilment of his bargain with William de Eos of Hamelake [No. 577], grants to him and his heirs 300 marks yearly from the farms of the cities of York and Lincoln, equally, till he provides the lands or restores the castle. Edinburgh. [Patent, 16 Edw. II. p. 1, m. 18.'] Aug. 23. 765. Schedules of payments made to the men-at-arms by Wygetone at Lethe on 23rd August in the 16 th year, in money and wheat flour. [The names of the leaders and the shires from which the men came are given.] [Exchequer, Q. R. Miscellanea (Army), No. 3^.] Two membranes, a larger and amaller, the former endorsed. Aug. 766. 'Medicinalia' provided by Master Stephen of Paris, the K.'s surgeon, in the 16th year, for the Scottish war. Sum total, including carriage from London, 9^. 3s. 9d. [Extracts.] [The 'drogeries,' 'implastra,' &c., minutely specified, include 3 lb. ' ' Oxerocrosin,' at 2s. per lb. ; 3 lb. Dyatarascos,' at 2s. per lb. ; 6 lb. ' ' Apostolicon,' at 2s. per lb. ; 12 lb. dyaculon,' at id. per lb. ; 12 lb. 'Terbentyn,' at 7d. per lb.; 6 lb. ' Agrippa,' at 8d. per lb.; 12 lb. white ointment, at 8d. per lb.; 12 lb. dark (fuscum) ointment, at ' ' 12d. per lb. ; 4 lb. Gracia Dei,' at 2s. per lb. ; 1 lb. Apoponak,' at ' ' 3s. ; 2 lb. Mastyk,' at 2s. per lb. ; 2 lb. Saiinguys Draconis,' at ' ' 2s. 6d. per lb. ; 1 lb. Mirre,' at 3s. ; 4 lb. Calamine,' at id. per lb. 2 lb. 'Tutie,' at 16d. per lb. ; 4 lb. 'litarge,' at id. per lb. ; 2 great ' paniers,' 6d. ; carriage from London to Edinburgh and from thence to Halyeland, 38s. They were carried from London to Newcastle by land, and thence ' to Edinburgh in Scocia ' by water, and back from thence to Halye- DELATING TO SCOTLAND. 143 Edward II. laud, and delivered in the K.'s camera there at sight of Sir Thomas de Usflete the K.'s private clerk, by the K.'s precept.] [Exchequer, 1322. Q. R Miscellanea ( Wardrobe), No. §^.] On paper. Written on both sides. [1322.] 767. The K. grants safe conduct to Sir William .... and Sir Alex- Sept. 4 (?). ander de Seton, knights, and Walter de Twynham clerk, of Scotland, with 20 persons in their train, coming to him and returning. Fen- ham, September [4]. [Exchequer, Q. R. Miscellanea {Army), No ^\.'\ Sept. 7. 768. The K. at the request of his cousin David de Strabolgi earl of Athol, has pardoned Sir Hauf de Boston knight, a late adherent of Thomas earl of Lancaster, and restored his lands, &c.
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  • Early Arms—As Attributed, Adopted Or Documented

    Early Arms—As Attributed, Adopted Or Documented

    EARLY ARMS—AS ATTRIBUTED, ADOPTED OR DOCUMENTED Steen Clemmensen Almost 60 years ago Anthony Wagner, the late Garter King of Arms, tentatively con- cluded that ‘heraldry was coming into use and taking formal shape for a generation or more before our first clear evidence for it.’1 Other armorists have hinted at the same opinion, but few have tried to substantiate it. Even Wagner himself did not really put forward arguments, other than to list a handful of early armorial seals from all over Europe dated to the period from 1136 to 1159. There are least two, interconnected reasons for this reticence. The first is the obvious shortage of data, which almost with- out exception come from seals. Very few seals have survived from the twelfth cen- tury, and only three families provide seals for more than one individual (Candavène- Saint-Pol, Clare, and Savoy). The second reason derives from the unwillingness of most scholars to speculate without having documentary evidence on which to build their hypotheses and arguments. If we accept Wagner’s conclusion though we might more appropriately call it a hypothesis—there are several families that we might expect to have adopted armo- rial emblems around or shortly after 1100, i.e. at the conclusion of the First Crusade (without proposing any relation between the two). But to what extent, in which order, and at which social level did this happen? The problem facing us in substantiating the hypothesis can be reformulated in more general terms: is it possible to date an adop- tion of arms to before it is documented? Speculation has been engaged in for more than a hundred years.