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Part -2 Click Here for Integrated Guidance Programme Part -2 Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme ted with Krishna Deva Ray a, because of his granting of liberal ptronage to The Vijaynagar Empire • Abhinav Bhoja Telugu literature. 1. Amaram Land with a fixed revenue given to • Andhra Pitamah Nayaks. l5. Amuktamalyada A Telugu work on 2. Manyam Tax free land. polity by K. D. Raya 3. Sist Land tax - 1/6 16. Car Festival The concluding event of a festival 4. Valangais ‘Right — handers’, a celebration in a group of industrial temple in which the class idol of the deity was 5. Idangais ‘Left handers’ a taken out in a group of industrial chariot. class 17. Amaranayakas Feudatories who 6. Ayagars 12 hereditary village held lands of Icings unctionaries who and were bound by took over the military ties functions of the I8. Raichur Doab The region between village assembly. the rivers Krishna & 7. Rajya/Mandaam/ChavadiProvince Godavari, the bone of contention between 8. Nadu District the Bahamanis and 9. Astadiggajas Eight eminent scho- the Vijaynagar a lars in the court of rulers. Krishna Deva Raya. 19. Chaturvedimangalams Villages given in 10. Varahas Gold coins issued by grants to the Viajyanagara rulers, Brahmins. of 56 grains, issued 20. Brahmadaya Villages given in in their haf and grants to the quarter denomina- Brahmins. tions. 21. Mandalam Province (in Tamil 11. Pagodas Gold Varahas ter- region) med as by the foreigners parti- 22. Nayankara Military Chiefs who cularly the portu- were granted guse amaran lands by kings. 12. Rirupkasha God Shiva, the main God of the early Nayakara They had to pay a Vijayanagara rulers. fixed annual finan- cial contributions to 13. Lord Venketswara of Associated with God imperial exchequer Vishnu, who re- which was generally placed Virupkasha 14 (Reference from during the origin of NUNTZ). Maintained Venkata II, as the troops to assist kings Tirupati principal in times of war. They deity were guardian of law 14. Andhra Bhoja The names associa- and order and Click Here to Buy Full Study Kit in Hard Copy © WWW.UPSCPORTAL.COM http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/study-kit-for-ias-pre-gs-paper-1-2012 Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme administration in (ii)Kaumudi Mahotasava:- A drama written by their areas. Office Kishorika or Vajika. became hereditary (iii)Devichandraguptam and Mudrarakshas of later on when the Vishakhddutta. Mudrarakshas gives us the kings became weak. details of religion of Cluptaperiod. 23. Devadana Land grant to (iv)Setubandh Kavya written by Pravarsen II. temples (v)Ravan Badh written by Bhatti. This is also The Pallavas called Bhatti Kavya. 1. Damirike / LimerikeThe Southern region of (B) Description of Foreign Travellers India mentioned in (1) Fa-hein of China (399-414 A.D) Ptolemy’s writings • He Came India during Chandraçupta 2. Vishnugopa King of Kanchi, men- Vikrarnaditya is period. tioned in Allahabad • He gives the details description of exchange Prashasti system during Gupta period, which were 3. Kinchipulo Kanchipuram, referred done by kaudi. to by Hieun Tsang. • He describes about Chandal. Although 4. Talopicha The Dravida region Chandal were emerged in Indian society (country), referred to by in 5 B.C. But in 5th century A.D. their Hieun Tsang number were very high. The Cholas (2)It-Sing (675 A.D) 1. Vellala Agriculturists • He describes about Srigupta who was founder of Gupta period. 2. Variyam Committee • He claims that he had seen the Ashokan 3. AlunGanam Executive Committee statue as a Buddhist Monk. 4. Salabhoga Tennures meant for (C)Inscriptions educational purpose (a)Allahabad Inscription:- This was incription of 5. Manigramam Great Nagaram Samudragupta. The writer were Harisena, who 6. Nanadesis Merchant guild was the minister of war and peace called having wide network Sandhi-vigrahi. 7. Valanjiyar Merchant guild (b)Iron pillar inscription of Mehraulli:- This was considered as inscription of Chandragupta 8. Anjuvanam Foreign merchant Vikramaditya organization (c)Udalyagiri Cave inscription:- 9. Taniyur A very large village, • This was inscription of Chandragupta administrated as a Vikramaditya. Single unit • This was written by Virsen Saba, who was 10. Mandalam Province also minister of war and peace. 11. Valandu District (d)Bhitary Inscription:- 12. Nadu/Kurram/KottamGroup of villages • This was inscription of Skandagupta. Sources • This gives as the details of Huna attack. (A) Literary (e)Indore pillar Inscription: (i)Purana. • It was inscription of Skandagupta. • Nitishastra of Kamandak- This book was (f)Eran Inscription:- 510 Ad. equivalent to Arthasastha of Kautilya. • This was inscription of Bhanugupta. First • Book was written by Sikhar, Prime Minister epigraphica1 record of Sati system was of Chandragupta Vikarmaditya. found in this inscription. Click Here to Buy Full Study Kit in Hard Copy © WWW.UPSCPORTAL.COM http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/study-kit-for-ias-pre-gs-paper-1-2012 Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme (D) Coins War Policy of Samudragupta Guptas issued hightest number of gold coin in 1.In Northern India Digvijaya. India. 2.In Southern India Dharmavijaya. • Chandragupta Vikramaditya issued first • Allahabad Inscription of Samudragupta silver coin among all Gupta ruler. gives the details of war. • This coin was based on Saka’s coin. • According to Chinese sources • Firstly this type of coin were in use in Samudragupta was contemporary of Saurastra state. Kumar Gupta distributed Meghvarman of Sri Lanka. in who Gupta Dynasty. • He was very good violin player. • Samudra Gupta issued 8 types of coins. • According to some scholor he has written • On Sumudra Gupta’s coin lion was shown. Krishnacharitam. • On Surnudra Gupta’s coin picture of • He patrnoised two Buddhist monk Ashwamegh Yagya was shown: Vasubandhu and Asang. • On Sumudra Gupta’s coin the picture of Chandragupta II chandragupta Bikramaditya. playing violin was shown because he himself played violin very well. (389-412 A.D) • On Chandragupta Vikramaditya’s coin tiger • TitIe- Sakari, Sahshank, Devraj, were shown. Rajrajarshi, Param Bhagwat. • Ox were shown on Skandhgupta’s coin. • Chandragupta II was also called the lord of Ujjain and Patliputra. It seems that his Coin of Gupta periods another capital was Ujjain. Gold coin - Nishka, Pala • His Wife was Druvadevi. Silver coin - Rupak, Satmana, Panna • Son Kumargupta. Copper - Kakini, Kasharpan. • His daughter Prabhayati was married to • Highest number of remnant coins of Gupta Vakatak ruler Rudrasen II. a e was found in Bayana (Rajasthan). • During his tenure Fa4iien came India. Political History Nine gems of Chandragupta II court. • Founder - Srigupta (275A.D) 1.Kalidasa • Capital - Prayaga 2.Amar Singh • State language - Sanskrit 3.Varahmihir • Religion - Neo vaishnavism. 4.Dhanvantari Chandra Gupta I (319-335 A.D) 5.Betal Bhatta • First Indian ruler who has taken title of Maharajadhiraj. 6.Sanku • He issued Gupta Samvat. (319-20A.D). 7.Ghatt-Karpar • He was married with Kumaridevi Princess 8.Var-ruchi of Lichehavi ruler. 9.Kshapanak • On the coin of Chandragupta 1. One side Chandragupta patronised Dignaga. Dignaga was had the picture of Kumaridevi and Chatidra considered as father of Justice. He written the book Gupta I and on the otherside picture of Nyaya Prakash. Lakshmi and Lichawayah were written. Samudra Gupta: (335-380 A.D) Kumaragupta I. (415-455. A.D) • V. A. Smith called him Napolian of India. • He was follower of Kartikeya. • Title:- Kacha, Kaviraja, Kridant Parsu, • He founded Na1nda University. Sarv-raja. Hero of 100. wars. • First Huna attack happened in his period. Click Here to Buy Full Study Kit in Hard Copy © WWW.UPSCPORTAL.COM http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/study-kit-for-ias-pre-gs-paper-1-2012 Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme • Lord Shankar and Parvati were shown as • Samudragupta was considered as God, who wife husband on Kumargupta’s coin. came to life on earth. Skandhgupta (455-467 A.D) • Gupta ruler started appointing their • Titles:- Vikrarnaditya, Sakraditya, Lord of successor as king, hundred ruler. • During Gupta period officers post was • Lord Vishnu and Laxmi were shown as wife heridatory. husband on Skandh Gupta’s coin. Administrative Setup • His vaisya officer Prandutta reconstract the State (Country) Bhukti Sudarshana Lake. District Vishay • Bhitari inscription his victory over Hunas. Sub-District Vithi Purugupta — (4 72-4 73 A.D Group of village Pethak Narsingh Gupta Baladitya — (473-476 A.D) • Buddh Gupta:- He was last great Gupta Village Gram ruler. • Head of country called Gopa. • Title- Avanisingh, Prithvipati • Head of Bhukti called Uparika. • Jivak Gupta: He was last Gupta ruler. Other important officer Religion of Gupta Mahabaladhikrita Head of Army • Guptas were the follower of Vaishnav Bhattaswapti Head of Cavalery religion. During Gupta period two important change came into Vaishnav religion. Mahapihipati Head of Elephant Army (1)Concept of Incarnation- Ten incarnation of Ranbhandarika Chancellor of Military Vishnu. exchaquer (a)Matasaya Dandapasika Head of police (b)Kuruma (a)Varah Mahadandanayak Head of Judiciary (d)Narsingh Kanchuki Head of Queen’s Haram (e)Vamana Mahaandhivigrahika Minister of war and (f)Rama (Parsurama) peace (g)Rama - Dashrathi (Rama) Tikina Head of Roadways. (h)Rama Bhargava (Krishna) Dhruvadhikarna Revenue Department (i)Buddha. (j)Kalki - yet to come. Vishaypati was head of vishay (District). Following persons helped him in completion of his work. (2)Concept of wife of God. (a)Nagar sresthi — Head of his work (a)Parvati wife of Shankar. (b)Sarthvaha — Chief of traders. (b)Laxmi & Vaishnavi wife of Vishnu. Sakti Pooja was evolved after evolution of concept (c)Kulika — Chief Architect. of wife of God. Later on Durga, Kali were worshiped (d)Pratham Kayas a — Chief ceribe as Goddess. ci Earlist structure of Hindu temple Village head were called Bhojak, Gramika was first made in Gupta period.
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