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Chapter 12 - NATURAL and PHYSICAL RESOURCES Section 1 – Landscape and Natural Features

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Chapter 12 - NATURAL and PHYSICAL RESOURCES Section 1 – Landscape and Natural Features Chapter 12 - NATURAL AND PHYSICAL RESOURCES Section 1 – Landscape and Natural Features 12 NATURAL AND PHYSICAL RESOURCES 12.1 LANDSCAPES AND NATURAL FEATURES Nga Hua Tawhiti Me Nga Tohu Tuturu o Te Whenua He wahi tuturu, he wahi hirahira puta noa i te rohe. Aua enei wahi e whakaitingia e nga mahi whakawehe i nga whenua. Kei a tatou te mahi kia whakauwhia enei wahi hirahira ki te ihi. Landscapes and Natural Features There are many special places which must not be diminished in any way by inappropriate development. Let us make sure that these special places always retain the qualities that make them unique. CONTEXT The over-riding characteristics of the landscapes in the Far North District are diversity and complexity. An extensive coastline with many harbours, large tracts of indigenous vegetation and a wide variety of landforms have combined with several centuries of human settlement to produce natural features and landscapes that are visually outstanding. These facets also contribute to the amenity values of landscapes that are not outstanding. In 1995, the Council commissioned a Landscape Assessment (LA4 Landscape Architects) of the whole District. This assessment identified the outstanding landscape features and landscapes, distinguishing landscapes that are coastal from those that are terrestrial, and evaluating all landscapes in terms of a sensitivity rating with seven categories. Any landscape that scored 6 or 7 on the sensitivity rating was classified as outstanding and therefore was deemed worthy of protection as required by s6(b) of the Act. The landscapes identified by the assessment are relatively large areas of terrain that have relatively consistent characteristics, whereas the landscape features are smaller elements such as volcanic peaks or prominent coastal landforms. The LA4 landscape assessment did not comprehensively identify Maori cultural landscapes. S6(e) of the Act requires recognition and provision for the relationship of Maori and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water, sites, waahi tapu and other taonga. The LA4 assessment relating to Outstanding Landscapes was modified as a result of the submissions to the Proposed District Plan. A landscape is comprised of many elements, e.g. indigenous vegetation, the pattern of land use, historic buildings, and waterbodies and Maori cultural values. In addition to managing subdivision, use and development in those areas identified as Outstanding Landscapes in order to retain their visual values, the Plan also contains provisions that promote the protection and enhancement of the many individual elements that contribute to visual amenity throughout the District. The criteria used to determine which landscapes are “outstanding” are as follows: An area of landscape which is predominantly natural has very distinctive or remarkable characteristics and that displays high levels of most, but not necessarily all of the following criteria: (a) geological, topographical, ecological dynamism; (b) aesthetic values; (c) distinctiveness and memorability; (d) clearly recognised signs of the formative processes leading to its creation; (e) transient values; (f) values that are shared and recognised by the community; (g) value to tangata whenua; (h) historical associations; (i) public visibility; (j) accessibility to viewing audience. An Outstanding Landscape Feature is an element or small portion of landscape which is predominantly natural and has very distinctive or remarkable characteristics that make it a feature of the broader landscape setting. A large portion of the area identified as “outstanding” is on land administered by the Department of Conservation. The majority of land in private title that has been identified as outstanding is on the District’s coastline. There is also a significant portion that is Maori land and that therefore warrants additional consideration in the Plan. For example, as Maori land is not usually subdivided, incentives and bonuses for landscape protection are not available in the conventional way. Therefore, a flexible Far North District Plan Chapter 12.1 Page 1 Printed on 20/09/2019 Chapter 12 - NATURAL AND PHYSICAL RESOURCES Section 1 – Landscape and Natural Features approach and alternative methods of encouragement are required. Recognition must be given to the ability of Maori to appropriately develop their land. By contrast, in Waimate North, a landscape notable for its heritage values and visual amenity, the majority of the land is privately owned. Here, the Council and the landowners have worked together to develop special provisions that recognise not only the landscape qualities, but all of the values that contribute to the uniqueness of this area (refer to Section 18.3). Incentives are a key element of the regulatory approach. Outstanding Natural Features make a particular contribution to the natural character of the District. These sites are identified from the Geo-Preservation Inventory “Inventory of Important Geological Sites and Landforms in the Northland Region”, Geological Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication No. 67, Kenny JA and Hayward BW, (1993) and are protected by this Plan. The inventory lists the best examples of the wide diversity of geological phenomena and processes that characterise the District, and record its long geological history, the formation of its landforms and evolution of its unique biota. Many are familiar landmarks. Whilst many of these Outstanding Natural Features have high landscape values, and are often also recognised as Outstanding Landscape Features, it is their underlying geological and scientific values that set them apart. As a result many Outstanding Natural Features are not visually prominent. The requirement to protect areas of outstanding landscapes and natural features must be seen in the light of the overarching purpose of the Act (s5), which is “to promote the sustainable management of natural and physical resources”. This includes enabling people and communities to provide for their social, economic and cultural well being, provided that any adverse effects of activities on the environment are avoided, remedied or mitigated. The focus of this section of the Plan is outstanding natural features and landscapes, as set out in s6(b) of the Act. Whilst the subsequent rules focus solely upon those outstanding types of natural features and landscapes, Council encourages all who manage and provide guardianship to the Far North landscape, to apply the principles conveyed by these policies to landscapes generally. 12.1.1 ISSUES 12.1.1.1 Outstanding Landscapes and Outstanding Landscape Features may have a relatively low capacity to accommodate change without appreciable visual impact, and therefore change must be managed to ensure that it retains the character of these special landscapes. 12.1.1.2 Buildings and other structures have the capacity to change outstanding landscapes character in a negative way, primarily through the disruption of existing landscape, or their siting on ridgelines. 12.1.1.3 The values that make landscapes and natural features outstanding can be adversely affected, or in some cases permanently lost or degraded, as a result of activities such as inappropriate building, excavation or filling, vegetation clearance and the potential masking effects of extensive single species tree planting. 12.1.1.4 The cultural, spiritual or amenity values of an outstanding landscape or natural feature can be degraded by development that is inappropriately sited, designed or redecorated. 12.1.1.5 The District has a distinctive and diverse landscape values which could be adversely affected by inappropriate land use activities. 12.1.1.6 The need to promote landscape diversity through the protection and enhancement of indigenous vegetation. 12.1.1.7 Maori cultural landscapes of importance have not been comprehensively identified within the LA4 assessment and therefore the Plan. Where appropriate, consideration of these values associated with those landscapes needs to be incorporated in any assessment of an application. 12.1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES EXPECTED 12.1.2.1 Retention of the diversity, qualities and value of outstanding natural features and outstanding landscapes. 12.1.2.2 The management of changes to outstanding natural features and landscapes in a way that ensures that change may alter and enhance, but not diminish, their outstanding character. 12.1.2.3 Land uses and buildings that are planned and designed to complement landscape character. Chapter 12.1 Page 2 Far North District Plan Printed on 20/09/2019 Chapter 12 - NATURAL AND PHYSICAL RESOURCES Section 1 – Landscape and Natural Features 12.1.2.4 The relationship of Maori cultural values associated with landscapes are recognised and provided for. 12.1.3 OBJECTIVES 12.1.3.1 To protect outstanding landscapes and natural features from inappropriate, subdivision use and development. 12.1.3.2 To protect the scientific and amenity values of outstanding natural features. 12.1.3.3 To recognise and provide for the distinctiveness, natural diversity and complexity of landscapes as far as practicable including the complexity found locally within landscapes and the diversity of landscapes across the District. 12.1.3.4 To avoid adverse effects and to encourage positive effects resulting from land use, subdivision or development in outstanding landscapes and natural features and Maori cultural values associated with landscapes. 12.1.4 POLICIES 12.1.4.1 That both positive and adverse effects of development
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