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Draft Report ,.,.,. FINAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN FOR THE AUYONG HOMESTEAD ROAD IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT, LUALUALEI AHUPUA‘A, WAI‘ANAE DISTRICT, ISLAND OF O‘AHU [TMK (1) 8-7-026:002-023] Pacific Legacy: Exploring the past, informing the present, enriching the future. This page has been intentionally left blank. FINAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN FOR THE AUYONG HOMESTEAD ROAD IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT, LUALUALEI AHUPUA‘A, WAI‘ANAE DISTRICT, ISLAND OF O‘AHU [TMK (1) 8-7-026:002-023] Prepared by: Paul L. Cleghorn, Ph.D. and Kimberly M. Mooney, B.A. Pacific Legacy, Inc. 30 Aulike Street, Suite 301 Kailua, HI 96734 (808) 263-4800 Prepared for: Gray Hong Nojima & Associates, Inc. 201 Merchant Street, Suite 1900 Honolulu, HI 96813 October 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Statutory Requirements................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 PROJECT LOCATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING .................................................. 9 2.1 Geology, Sediments, Hydrology, Climate, and Vegetation ....................................................... 9 3.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH ........................................................................................................ 12 3.1 Pre-European Contact Cultural Landscape ................................................................................ 12 3.1.1 The Natural World .................................................................................................................. 12 3.1.2 Life in the Ahupua‘a ............................................................................................................... 14 3.1.3 Traditional Hawaiian Land Divisions .................................................................................. 15 3.1.4 Traditional Names of Localities ............................................................................................ 16 3.1.5 Traditional names for Topographical Features in Lualualei ............................................ 19 3.1.6 Heiau of Lualualei Ahupua‘a ................................................................................................ 22 3.1.7 Wai‘anae District: a Wahi Pana .............................................................................................. 23 3.1.8 Power and Warfare in Pre-European Contact Wai‘anae District ..................................... 35 3.2 Post European Contact Cultural Landscape .............................................................................. 39 3.2.1 European Contact .................................................................................................................... 39 3.2.2 Early Historic Era .................................................................................................................... 41 3.2.3 Christianity in Wai‘anae District .......................................................................................... 46 3.2.4 Land Ownership & Land Commission Awards ................................................................. 49 3.2.5 Agricultural History ............................................................................................................... 52 3.2.6 Military Presence in Lualualei ............................................................................................... 54 3.2.7 Chinese Heritage in Lualualei ............................................................................................... 54 4.0 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 59 4.1 Early Archaeological Studies ........................................................................................................ 59 4.2 Recent Archaeological Investigations ......................................................................................... 59 4.3 Historic Properties Anticipated ................................................................................................... 65 5.0 PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ............................................................................ 65 6.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN COMPONENTS ............................................. 65 6.1 Pre-Construction Briefing ............................................................................................................. 65 6.2 Protective Barriers .......................................................................................................................... 66 6.3 Archaeological Monitoring ........................................................................................................... 66 6.4 Intact Cultural Deposits and Features ........................................................................................ 67 6.5 Artifacts ........................................................................................................................................... 67 6.6 Human Skeletal Remains .............................................................................................................. 67 6.7 Treatment of Recovered Cultural Remains ................................................................................ 68 6.8 Curation ........................................................................................................................................... 68 6.9 Reporting ......................................................................................................................................... 68 FINAL — Archaeological Monitoring Plan Auyong Homestead Road Improvements Project Lualualei Ahupua`a, Wai‘anae District, Island of O‘ahu October 2016 i 9.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................................................... 77 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. USGS Topographical Map showing location of Project Area. ............................................ 4 Figure 2. Project location map (courtesy of Gray, Hong, Nojima, & Associates, Inc.). .................... 5 Figure 3. Construction Plan for the Auyong Homestead Road Improvements Project (courtesy of Gray, Hong, Nojima, & Associates, Inc. October 8th, 2015). ................................................... 6 Figure 4. Auyong Homestead Improvements Project profile plan (courtesy of Gray, Hong, Nojima, & Associates, Inc.). .............................................................................................................. 7 Figure 5. Project Area Outline with Associated TMK Numbers. ........................................................ 8 Figure 6. Custom Soil Resource Report map showing project area (courtesy of USDA NRCS 2015). .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 7. Map of Lualualei Ahupua‘a portion of Wai‘anae District, showing approximate location of project area (adapted from Sterling and Summers 1978). ....................................... 18 Figure 8. Portion of 1901 Lualualei Survey Map with Historic features and infrastructure near the project area (adapted from Emerson 1901; Reg. Map No. 2040). ........................................ 56 Figure 9. Lualualei NAVMAG in 1933 “Overall View of Antenna Towers S-109, S-110 and S-111 Facing North” (courtesy of Survey HABS HI-152, Library of Congress website). ................. 57 Figure 10. Portion of 1924 Lualualei Homesteads map, Series 2, showing Land Grant 9481 to R. Auyong and approximate project area (adapted from Howland 1924 – Reg. Map No. 2717). ............................................................................................................................................................ 58 Figure 11. Previous archaeological studies within 1 mile (ca. 1.6 km.) of the project area (adapted from USGS Waianae and Schofield Barracks Quadrangle Maps). ........................... 62 Figure 12. Portion of Lualualei Homesteads Series 2 map (Howland 1924) showing E.P. Fogarty’s property (Registered Map No. 2717). .......................................................................... 63 Table Table 1. Previous Archaeological Investigations in the Vicinity of Auyong Homestead Road Improvements Project...................................................................................................................... 60 Frontispiece: Lualualei portion of C. J. Lyons’ 1881 Hawaiian Government Survey map of O’ahu. FINAL — Archaeological Monitoring Plan Auyong Homestead Road Improvements Project Lualualei Ahupua`a, Wai‘anae District, Island of O‘ahu October 2016 ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION Pacific Legacy, under contract Gray Hong Nojima & Associates, Inc., has prepared this Archaeological Monitoring Plan (AMP) for the proposed Auyong Homestead Road Improvements Project in Lualualei Ahupua‘a, Wai‘anae District, Island of O’ahu. The subject study area is situated on approximately 2 acres of land within ko kaha kai (Lit. locality by the sea, Pukui and Elbert (1986:213) portion of Lualualei Ahupua‘a [TMK (1) 8-7-026:002-023] (Figure 1). The project area in question is owned by the City and County of Honolulu. The project consists of constructing a drain inlet and an underground
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