de e tcae arcs he block- three barracks, stockade, new a added otrn falteoiia forts. original the all of footprint 6mlsdw ie rmMsa,sitdmil- shifted Massac, from river down miles 16

isl,rpie h l otfcto.They fortification. old the repaired Bissell, h elc a hfe utt h ato the of east the to just shifted was replica the ikno,oeloigteOi ie some River Ohio the overlooking Wilkinson,

n,udrtecmado ati Daniel Captain of command the under and, ean ntegon,teetr iepa for plan site entire the ground, the in remains h salsmn n10 fCantonment of 1801 in establishment The

h arsnrtre oFr asci 1802 in Massac Fort to returned garrison The ii.Hwvr opoetarchaeological protect to However, visit.

ol aea h ieo ei n Clark’s and Lewis of time the at have would a agrta t predecessor. its than larger was

h elctdfr ok uhtdya it as today much looks fort replicated The bnoe n1802. in abandoned tpteriso h omrfr,bteach but fort, former the of ruins the atop

ewe 74ad11.Ec otwsbuilt was fort Each 1814. and 1794 between lsr,adCnomn ikno was Wilkinson Cantonment and closure,

o adwe hyrtre rmtewest. the from returned they when land for eul yteAeiasfu rfv times five or four Americans the by rebuilt osbydet aai,fre h camp the forced malaria, to due possibly

2.H lopoie ruladawarrant a Drouillard promised also He $25. atadsuh h tcaewlswere walls stockade The south. and east ee ihscns.Fvr n dysentery, and Fevers sickness. with beset

otl aeacre eodlieutenant, second a accorded rate monthly lr neigteIlni onr rmthe from country Illinois the entering tlers ymdumr a lotimmediately almost was midsummer, by

ei ie i wyfo isl tthe at Bissell from away him hired Lewis ao nr on nteOi ie o set- for River Ohio the on point entry major a f10 n ehp smn s1,500 as many as perhaps and 1801 of May

ruladsepriewss audthat valued so was expertise Drouillard’s otst n19.Fr ascso eaea became soon Massac Fort 1794. in site fort hc a pad f80mltr e in men military 800 of upwards had which

o h rts ninAec nDetroit. in Agency Indian British the for teAgiie plig ntpo h French the of top on spelling) Anglicized (the osbyi al 82 oee,tecamp, the However, 1802. early in possibly

hwe n ahraFec aainagent Canadian French a father and Shawnee h mrcn rce hi is otMassac Fort first their erected Americans The etfrsvrlmnh uig10 and 1801 during months several for ment

ireDoilr,woemte a a was mother whose Drouillard, Pierre atr h rts arsnda Vincennes. at garrisoned British the capture rmMsa eesainda h canton- the at stationed were Massac from

ie oa utr cu/nepee George scout/interpreter hunter/ local hired iie yGog oesCak not to enroute Clark, Rogers George by visited ao napetfrmlta h troops The militia. for encampment major

adepoain.Wiea h ot Lewis fort, the at While explorations. ward

eul h ot nJn 78telcto was location the 1778 June In fort. the rebuild Wlisnil”ws o hr ie a time, short a for was, “Wilkinsonville”

rvtst copn hmo hi west- their on them accompany to privates otegon n16.TeBiihddnot did British The 1765. in ground the to

tr mhssaa rmFr Massac. Fort from away emphasis itary

o-omsindofcr and officers non-commissioned en bnoe,i a burned was it abandoned, being

ihteitnino collecting of intention the with h ott h rts.After British. the to fort the

otws lchue ht yR Kuenneke R. by Photo blockhouse. Southwest

oebr1 hog 3 1803, 13, through 11 November f16,teFec surrendered French the 1763, of

lr tpe ttefort the at stopped Clark h e ol.Udrtetreaty the Under World. New the

eiehrLwsadWilliam and Lewis Meriwether iitro ooilAfisfor Affairs Colonial of Minister

fMniu asa,French Massiac, Monsieur of

uigishistory. its during eae otMsici honor in Massiac Fort renamed

ncnlcswt eryIndians nearby with conflicts in pigb h rnhand French the by spring

uoen,teslir i engage did soldiers the Europeans, y16,btwsrbitthat rebuilt was but 1760, by

ee aeudrfr from fire under came never otwsdsrbda i ruins” “in as described was fort

otMsa.Wietefr itself fort the While Massac. Fort h pe hoRvr hsfirst This River. Ohio upper the

non ciiyfrtemltaat militia the for activity ongoing rtc hi ot ofrsalong forts to route their protect

etesapast aebe an been have to appears settlers hslwbuftpst nodrto order in site top bluff low this

eriigslir rmaogthe among from soldiers Recruiting 'seso Fr seso)on Ascension) (Fort L'Ascension

n15 h rnhbitFr de Fort built French the 1757 In

aladadyma ihpickets. with moat dry a and wall

ulig swl stestockade the as well as buildings

itrcSite Historic

coe 03 a oto these of most has 2003, October

Park hs10 ot opee in completed fort, 1802 this

odrmgzn.Terpiaof replica The magazine. powder a

otMsa State Massac Fort oss w fies ures and quarters, officers’ two houses,

Although damaged during the New Madrid earth- never able to return to the site. The copious quakes of 1811-1812, Fort Massac was repaired notes he made were used by archaeologists State of Illinois as the headquarters for the Twenty-Fourth working with the State during the planning of Illinois Department of Natural Resources Infantry Regiment, who stayed until the spring the 1802 fort replica. of 1813. However, the outpost was less impor- tant to the military after the war of 1812 and Protecting Archaeological Sites was abandoned in 1814. Timber and brick were soon scavenged by settlers in the area. During Fort Massac the Civil War, Union soldiers used the grounds The Illinois Department of Natural Resources for an encampment. owns and manages thousands of archaeologi- cal sites on land it oversees. The Archaeological State Park The Daughters of the American Revolution and Paleontological Resources Protection Act purchased the 24 acres surrounding the fort in protects these sites and the artifacts contained A Self-Guided Tour of a Replica 1903. This land was officially dedicated as the within them from looting and vandalism. It is of an 1802 American Fort first State Park of Illinois in 1908. illegal for anyone to either collect from or engage in digging into an archaeological site on Under the direction of Paul Maynard and spon- public land. Although prohibited by law, the looting of sites is a serious problem. If you sored by the State of Illinois Division of Parks Fort Massac State Park and Memorials, a team of archaeologists start- notice illicit digging at an archaeological site or 1308 East 5th Street ed excavations at Fort Massac in 1939. witness someone collecting artifacts on a site Maynard’s team excavated both French and at a state park, the Department of Natural Metropolis, Illinois 62960 American forts. However, Maynard’s efforts Resources asks you to contact either the park were interrupted by World War II, and he was superintendent or the IDNR Cultural Resources Coordinator at (217) 782-3715 so that measures can be taken to protect the site.

For information about Fort Massac facilities and hours, contact the park office at (618) 524-4712.

Officers’ quarters. Photo by R. Kuenneke.

de e tcae arcs he block- three barracks, stockade, new a added otrn falteoiia forts. original the all of footprint 6mlsdw ie rmMsa,sitdmil- shifted Massac, from river down miles 16

isl,rpie h l otfcto.They fortification. old the repaired Bissell, h elc a hfe utt h ato the of east the to just shifted was replica the ikno,oeloigteOi ie some River Ohio the overlooking Wilkinson,

n,udrtecmado ati Daniel Captain of command the under and, ean ntegon,teetr iepa for plan site entire the ground, the in remains h salsmn n10 fCantonment of 1801 in establishment The

h arsnrtre oFr asci 1802 in Massac Fort to returned garrison The ii.Hwvr opoetarchaeological protect to However, visit.

ol aea h ieo ei n Clark’s and Lewis of time the at have would a agrta t predecessor. its than larger was

h elctdfr ok uhtdya it as today much looks fort replicated The bnoe n1802. in abandoned tpteriso h omrfr,bteach but fort, former the of ruins the atop

ewe 74ad11.Ec otwsbuilt was fort Each 1814. and 1794 between lsr,adCnomn ikno was Wilkinson Cantonment and closure,

o adwe hyrtre rmtewest. the from returned they when land for eul yteAeiasfu rfv times five or four Americans the by rebuilt osbydet aai,fre h camp the forced malaria, to due possibly

2.H lopoie ruladawarrant a Drouillard promised also He $25. atadsuh h tcaewlswere walls stockade The south. and east ee ihscns.Fvr n dysentery, and Fevers sickness. with beset

otl aeacre eodlieutenant, second a accorded rate monthly lr neigteIlni onr rmthe from country Illinois the entering tlers ymdumr a lotimmediately almost was midsummer, by

ei ie i wyfo isl tthe at Bissell from away him hired Lewis ao nr on nteOi ie o set- for River Ohio the on point entry major a f10 n ehp smn s1,500 as many as perhaps and 1801 of May

ruladsepriewss audthat valued so was expertise Drouillard’s otst n19.Fr ascso eaea became soon Massac Fort 1794. in site fort hc a pad f80mltr e in men military 800 of upwards had which

o h rts ninAec nDetroit. in Agency Indian British the for teAgiie plig ntpo h French the of top on spelling) Anglicized (the osbyi al 82 oee,tecamp, the However, 1802. early in possibly

hwe n ahraFec aainagent Canadian French a father and Shawnee h mrcn rce hi is otMassac Fort first their erected Americans The etfrsvrlmnh uig10 and 1801 during months several for ment

ireDoilr,woemte a a was mother whose Drouillard, Pierre atr h rts arsnda Vincennes. at garrisoned British the capture rmMsa eesainda h canton- the at stationed were Massac from

ie oa utr cu/nepee George scout/interpreter hunter/ local hired iie yGog oesCak not to enroute Clark, Rogers George by visited ao napetfrmlta h troops The militia. for encampment major

adepoain.Wiea h ot Lewis fort, the at While explorations. ward

eul h ot nJn 78telcto was location the 1778 June In fort. the rebuild Wlisnil”ws o hr ie a time, short a for was, “Wilkinsonville”

rvtst copn hmo hi west- their on them accompany to privates otegon n16.TeBiihddnot did British The 1765. in ground the to

tr mhssaa rmFr Massac. Fort from away emphasis itary

o-omsindofcr and officers non-commissioned en bnoe,i a burned was it abandoned, being

ihteitnino collecting of intention the with h ott h rts.After British. the to fort the

otws lchue ht yR Kuenneke R. by Photo blockhouse. Southwest

oebr1 hog 3 1803, 13, through 11 November f16,teFec surrendered French the 1763, of

lr tpe ttefort the at stopped Clark h e ol.Udrtetreaty the Under World. New the

eiehrLwsadWilliam and Lewis Meriwether iitro ooilAfisfor Affairs Colonial of Minister

fMniu asa,French Massiac, Monsieur of

uigishistory. its during eae otMsici honor in Massiac Fort renamed

ncnlcswt eryIndians nearby with conflicts in pigb h rnhand French the by spring

uoen,teslir i engage did soldiers the Europeans, y16,btwsrbitthat rebuilt was but 1760, by

ee aeudrfr from fire under came never otwsdsrbda i ruins” “in as described was fort

otMsa.Wietefr itself fort the While Massac. Fort h pe hoRvr hsfirst This River. Ohio upper the

non ciiyfrtemltaat militia the for activity ongoing rtc hi ot ofrsalong forts to route their protect

etesapast aebe an been have to appears settlers hslwbuftpst nodrto order in site top bluff low this

eriigslir rmaogthe among from soldiers Recruiting 'seso Fr seso)on Ascension) (Fort L'Ascension

n15 h rnhbitFr de Fort built French the 1757 In

aladadyma ihpickets. with moat dry a and wall

ulig swl stestockade the as well as buildings

itrcSite Historic

coe 03 a oto these of most has 2003, October

Park hs10 ot opee in completed fort, 1802 this

odrmgzn.Terpiaof replica The magazine. powder a

otMsa State Massac Fort oss w fies ures and quarters, officers’ two houses,

Although damaged during the New Madrid earth- never able to return to the site. The copious quakes of 1811-1812, Fort Massac was repaired notes he made were used by archaeologists State of Illinois as the headquarters for the Twenty-Fourth working with the State during the planning of Illinois Department of Natural Resources Infantry Regiment, who stayed until the spring the 1802 fort replica. of 1813. However, the outpost was less impor- tant to the military after the war of 1812 and Protecting Archaeological Sites was abandoned in 1814. Timber and brick were soon scavenged by settlers in the area. During Fort Massac the Civil War, Union soldiers used the grounds The Illinois Department of Natural Resources for an encampment. owns and manages thousands of archaeologi- cal sites on land it oversees. The Archaeological State Park The Daughters of the American Revolution and Paleontological Resources Protection Act purchased the 24 acres surrounding the fort in protects these sites and the artifacts contained A Self-Guided Tour of a Replica 1903. This land was officially dedicated as the within them from looting and vandalism. It is of an 1802 American Fort first State Park of Illinois in 1908. illegal for anyone to either collect from or engage in digging into an archaeological site on Under the direction of Paul Maynard and spon- public land. Although prohibited by law, the looting of sites is a serious problem. If you sored by the State of Illinois Division of Parks Fort Massac State Park and Memorials, a team of archaeologists start- notice illicit digging at an archaeological site or 1308 East 5th Street ed excavations at Fort Massac in 1939. witness someone collecting artifacts on a site Maynard’s team excavated both French and at a state park, the Department of Natural Metropolis, Illinois 62960 American forts. However, Maynard’s efforts Resources asks you to contact either the park were interrupted by World War II, and he was superintendent or the IDNR Cultural Resources Coordinator at (217) 782-3715 so that measures can be taken to protect the site.

For information about Fort Massac facilities and hours, contact the park office at (618) 524-4712.

Officers’ quarters. Photo by R. Kuenneke. As you enter the replica 1802 fort site, you will these same construction materials. The powder did not have a blockhouse. The northwest cross over a dry moat (#1 on the plan map) via magazine (#9)—not yet replicated on site— blockhouse (#12) is 16' x 16' and has two sto- a wooden bridge (#2). Wooden pickets (#3) would have been built of stone. ries. There is a cellar door, but the building made of oak logs 13 feet in length are set on an replica does not include a cellar excavation. 85-degree angle along the moat to form the The fort has two barracks, which were the living This blockhouse was used for storage. The fraise, an added defense for the stockade wall quarters for the soldiers. One or two of the southwest blockhouse (#13) is 20' x 24' and (#6). The stockade wall is made of oak logs 16 rooms with fireplaces would have been also has two stories, each with a fireplace. This feet in length. You are entering the fort from kitchens. There could also have been a room blockhouse may have housed the medical the “back door” (#4). This entrance would for the quartermaster and a room for the ser- doctor, the civilian storekeeper, or a quarter- originally have been narrower, but has been geant. The east barracks (#10) is 18' x 75' and master. To illustrate the dynamic aspect of the enlarged in the reconstruction to allow pas- has two stories. There are four rooms on each fort’s architecture, in the reconstruction this sage of modern maintenance vehicles. The floor and a fireplace on both floors at each end blockhouse has been replicated in a pre-1802 river side would have been the front of the fort of the barracks. The east barracks has a porch. style as regards angle of the blockhouse to the (#5), as rivers were the highways of the 18th The west barracks (#11) is 22' x 75' and has four stockade wall. The southeast blockhouse and 19th centuries. (#14), which was set at a 45-degree angle to the stockade walls, is 16' x 16' The first building you approach on and has three floors. The third floor is a entering the fort from the north is the lookout tower over the Ohio River. All officers’ quarters (#7). Another officers’ blockhouses have ladders to the next quarters (#8), not yet replicated, would floor. The ladders are a line of defense: if have been just west of this building. the enemy invades the fort, the soldiers These quarters would have housed the and civilians can go to the second story officer and his family, if they had accom- of the blockhouse, pull up the ladders, panied him to the frontier, or several and shoot from the gun ports. officers. The replica officers’ quarters is 16' x 22' and is made with a stone foun- A well surround (#15) is reconstructed in dation, white oak timbers, poplar floor- the center of the fort; another well was ing, and cedar shingles. The building has present in 1802 in the northeastern part two floors, each with a brick fireplace. of the fort. A trash pit and possibly a The bricks are a reproduction of the type privy were located in the extreme north- of bricks made at the fort in the early eastern corner. The brass-capped wood- 1800s. The windows and hardware are en flagpole (#16) is 35' tall. A rock also custom-made reproductions. The drainage system (#17) was present with- windows show the flown character of the Barracks, flagppole, and central well. DNR Photo. in the northern half of the fort. original glass, and the hardware is hand forged. The original windows were made The relative placement of structures and fire- in the eastern states and carefully shipped rooms on each floor. The fireplaces are in the places is based on archaeological evidence. down the Ohio River to the fort. center of this building. Details such as window glass, door hardware, and flagpole construction are based on either With the exception of the powder magazine, There are three blockhouses on three corners archival research or recovered artifacts. the other buildings in the fort were built of of the fort. The northeast corner of the 1802 fort

Guide to the 1802 fort replication: N

#1 dry moat with pickets

#2 wooden bridge over dry moat #3 pickets or fraising 3 1 6 #4 north gate: “back door” of the fort 2

#5 south gate: 9 Ohio River side and “front” of the fort 12 4 7 #6 stockade wall 8 #7 officers’ quarters 17 #8 foundation of officers’ quarter (to be built) 10 #9 foundation of powder magazine (to be built) 15 #10 east soldiers’ barracks (with porch)

#11 west soldiers’ barracks 11 16 #12 northwest blockhouse • 5 6 14 #13 southwest blockhouse* with fireplaces 3 #14 southeast blockhouse with lookout tower 13 2 #15 well

#16 flagpole

#17 drainage ditch Reconstruction Plan for 1802 Fort Massac.

* has a pre-1802 building orientation

Printed by the Authority of the State of Illinois • DNR202-1M-4/10 • IOCI 0853-10