DOCSLIB.ORG

Roman Britain in 1921 and 1922 Author(S): M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Roman Britain in 1921 and 1922 Author(S): M Roman Britain in 1921 and 1922 Author(s): M. V. Taylor and R. G. Collingwood Source: The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 11 (1921), pp. 200-244 Published by: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/295903 . Accessed: 08/05/2014 22:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Roman Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 22:56:14 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ROMAN BRITAIN IN 1921 AND 1922. Bv M. V. TAYLOR, M.A., and R. G. COLLINGWOOD, M.A., F.S.A. (Plat:-s xix-xxiv.) I. Sites explored: England, p. 20I, Wales, p. 224, Scotland, p. 230. II. Inscriptions, p. 233. III. Publications, p. 239. Some months ago the Committee responsible for the administration of the fund bequeathed to the University of Oxford by the late Professor Haverfield, for the endowment of Romano-British studies, issued an appeal in the public press for information. as to all discoveries connected with Roman Britain, to be sent to the first of the two authors of this paper at the Haverfield Library, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. This information the Committee intended not only to file for reference, but also to publish in the form of a series of annual reports similar in principle to those contributed by Professor Haverfield to the papers of the British Academy. The present paper is the first of these, and covers the period from June, I92I, to December, I922. Subsequent papers will, it is hoped, cover one year each. The writers desire to thank all who have contributed information, and to express the hope that in the future an increasing number of students will not only use the Haverfield Library as a reference library for all matters relating to Roman Britain, but will also communicate to it notes of discoveries and, where possible, copies of papers or other publi- cations. Thanks are due to the Society of Antiquaries of London, the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, the Cambrian Archaeological Society, Dr. Mortimer Wheeler, Mr. F. Lambert, Mr. Heywood Sumner, the Western Daily Press, the Illustrated London News, and Mr. W. Dennis Moss for illustrations. It may not be out of place to call attention here to two general works on Roman Britain which are at present in preparation and may be assisted by the contribution of material. One is a general map of Roman Britain on the scale of one million (about sixteen miles to the inch), which is being prepared by Mr. O. G. S. Crawford, F.S.A., for publication by the Ordnance Survey. The other is a new corpus of Roman inscriptions in Britain, material for which is being collected by the second-named of the present writers. Any reader having in his possession unpublished information of value concerning Romano-British topography, especially the course of roads, or photo- graphs, squeezes or originals of inscriptions whether on stone or other materials, could assist in the preparation of these works by forwarding the material to Miss M. V. Taylor at the Haverfield Library. This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 22:56:14 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ROMAN BRITAIN IN I92I AND I922. 20I I. SITES EXPLORED. Hadrian's Wall. Mr. F. G. Simpson, in September, I92I, carried out an excavation at Chesters to ascertain the relative dates of the Wall and the two forts. In I900 Haverfield proved that an early ditch, in line with the Wall ditch, cut the great fort in two, and suggested the explanation that an early and small fort lying wholly south of the Wall had been at a late date-perhaps in the time of Severus- replaced by a larger fort lying astride of the Wall. By careful digging at the point where the Wall crosses the east and west ditches of the fort Mr. Simpson has now shown that the enlarged fort existed before the Wall: that is to say, that before Hadrian built the Wall his own original small fort had already undergone enlargement as for a milliary cohort. Mr. Simpson puts forward the theory, on the strength of this and other similar cases, that Hadrian's original frontier consisted of small forts connected by the Vallum; that these forts were enlarged on its being found that the frontier was undermanned; that the enlarged forts were then united by a con- tinuous Wall; and that all these works were carried out within a space of ten years or less. At Burgh-by-Sands the Cumberland and Westmorland Society carried out a small 'dig' in the spring of I922. The site of the fort here had long been a matter of dispute, and since I903, when a sewer was laid down the main road of the village and no Roman remains whatever were found, its very existence was seriously questioned. Half an acre of ground north of this road has just been enclosed. for use as an extension of the churchyard, and the opportunity was taken of trenching this half-acre. The result was the immediate discovery of the east rampart of the fort and of an east gate lying, exactly as at Chesters, just north of Hadrian's Wall and on the edge of the modern road, which roughly represents the via principalis. Walls and pavements belonging to barrack-buildings were also found, the finds dating from the second to the fourth century. It was observed that the road at this point ran in a small cutting, the making of which had stripped off the Roman stratum, so that the modern road-surface lies below any Roman remains. The failure to find anv relics in I903 is thus satisfactorily explained, and the fort is not only located but proved to be a large structure lying astride of the Wall like Chesters. Cumberland. During the preparation of foundations for a new Wesleyan Hall in Fisher Street, Carlisle, in I922, it was found necessary to dig a series of pits to receive concrete supports, and in these pits Roman relics were found between 7 and 20 feet down. At I4 feet foundations This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 22:56:14 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 202 ROMAN BRITAIN IN I92I AND I922. of an apsidalshape, associatedwith numerousoak piles, came to light, above which was a stratified roadway with three distinct levels of cobble paving. There was a good deal of pottery, including a Samian sherd, with the stamp of the potter MINVS, and a number of flat dishes of a type which appears to have been made at Scalesceugh, a site 5 miles south of Carlisle,where tiles of the Ninth Legion were manufactured. A fine example of a ' Brough' fibula in silver,.with bronze pin, was found 20 ft. down, close to the rock. Durham. In December, I921, a hoard of about 250 Roman coins was ploughed up near the well-knownfort at Pierce Bridge. The coins are said to range from A.D. 254 to A.D. 379; which indicates concealment about the time when Maximus enlisted the British army in his fatal adventure-fatal aliketo himself and to the security of Britain. rorkshire. Digging on the site of the fort at Ilkley was brought to a close in I92I. This concluding season's work produced a number of interesting results. The garrisonwas identified by brick-stampsas the Second Cohort of Lingones, the regiment whose commanding officer dedicated the well-known altar (C.I.L. vii, 208) to Verbeia, the goddess (presumably)of the Wharfe. The coin-series,together with the pottery, suggests that the first occupation may date back to Agricola,and that the fort was held in the reignsof Trajan, Hadrian and Pius; it may have lain empty for the second half of the second century, but in that case was rebuilt by Severus,or at a date not far removed from his, and occupied till the time of Carausius. Here the coin-seriesends abruptly,and the fort must have been abandoned about 290 or soon after, to be reoccupiedfor a very short time round about 370. Now the Notitia places the Second Cohort of Lingones at Congavata,which must be in West Cumberland and is perhaps Mawbray, the little-known fort north of Maryport; and a lost inscription mentioning the cohort (C.I.L. vii, 359) came from Moresby, a few miles further south. We have, therefore, a case of a regiment first quarteredat Ilkley and then, at what date we cannot yet say but probablynot so late as the reign of Carausius,moved to the Cumberlandcoast and remaining there till late in the Roman occupation. The history of the Fourth Cohort of Gauls is analogous. The plan of the ' Commandant'sHouse ' was completed, and the general conclusions of the previous year's work borne out.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fort Massac State Park
    ht yR Kuenneke. R. by Photo fies quarters. Officers’ fieat office 68 524-4712. (618) or,cnattepark the contact hours, otMsa aiiisand facilities Massac Fort o nomto about information For h site. the a etknt protect to taken be can oriao t(1)7231 ota measures that so 782-3715 (217) at Coordinator eeitrutdb ol a I n ewas he and II, War World by interrupted were ueitneto h DRClua Resources Cultural IDNR the or superintendent mrcnfrs oee,Myadsefforts Maynard’s However, forts. American eore ssyut otc ihrtepark the either contact to you asks Resources anr’ emecvtdbt rnhand French both excavated team Maynard’s tasaepr,teDprmn fNatural of Department the park, a state at erpls lios62960 Illinois Metropolis, decvtosa otMsa n1939. in Massac Fort at excavations ed ins oen olcigatfcso site a on artifacts collecting someone witness 38Es t Street 5th East 1308 n eoil,ata facaooit start- archaeologists of team a Memorials, and oieilctdgiga nacaooia ieor site archaeological an at digging illicit notice otMsa tt Park State Massac Fort oe yteSaeo liosDvso fParks of Division Illinois of State the by sored otn fstsi eiu rbe.I you If problem. serious a is sites of looting ne h ieto fPu anr n spon- and Maynard Paul of direction the Under ulcln.Atog rhbtdb a,the law, by prohibited Although land. public naei ign noa rhelgclst on site archaeological an into digging in engage is tt ako liosi 1908. in Illinois of Park State first lea o noet ihrcletfo or from collect either to anyone for illegal fa 82Aeia Fort American 1802 an of 93 hsln a fiilyddctda the as dedicated officially was land This 1903.
    [Show full text]
  • Isurium Brigantum
    Isurium Brigantum an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough The authors and publisher wish to thank the following individuals and organisations for their help with this Isurium Brigantum publication: Historic England an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough Society of Antiquaries of London Thriplow Charitable Trust Faculty of Classics and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge Chris and Jan Martins Rose Ferraby and Martin Millett with contributions by Jason Lucas, James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven Verdonck and Lacey Wallace Research Report of the Society of Antiquaries of London No. 81 For RWS Norfolk ‒ RF Contents First published 2020 by The Society of Antiquaries of London Burlington House List of figures vii Piccadilly Preface x London W1J 0BE Acknowledgements xi Summary xii www.sal.org.uk Résumé xiii © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2020 Zusammenfassung xiv Notes on referencing and archives xv ISBN: 978 0 8543 1301 3 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background to this study 1 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data 1.2 Geographical setting 2 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the 1.3 Historical background 2 Library of Congress, Washington DC 1.4 Previous inferences on urban origins 6 The moral rights of Rose Ferraby, Martin Millett, Jason Lucas, 1.5 Textual evidence 7 James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven 1.6 History of the town 7 Verdonck and Lacey Wallace to be identified as the authors of 1.7 Previous archaeological work 8 this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidebook: American Revolution
    Guidebook: American Revolution UPPER HUDSON Bennington Battlefield State Historic Site http://nysparks.state.ny.us/sites/info.asp?siteId=3 5181 Route 67 Hoosick Falls, NY 12090 Hours: May-Labor Day, daily 10 AM-7 PM Labor Day-Veterans Day weekends only, 10 AM-7 PM Memorial Day- Columbus Day, 1-4 p.m on Wednesday, Friday and Saturday Phone: (518) 279-1155 (Special Collections of Bailey/Howe Library at Uni Historical Description: Bennington Battlefield State Historic Site is the location of a Revolutionary War battle between the British forces of Colonel Friedrich Baum and Lieutenant Colonel Henrick von Breymann—800 Brunswickers, Canadians, Tories, British regulars, and Native Americans--against American militiamen from Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire under Brigadier General John Stark (1,500 men) and Colonel Seth Warner (330 men). This battle was fought on August 16, 1777, in a British effort to capture American storehouses in Bennington to restock their depleting provisions. Baum had entrenched his men at the bridge across the Walloomsac River, Dragoon Redoubt, and Tory Fort, which Stark successfully attacked. Colonel Warner's Vermont militia arrived in time to assist Stark's reconstituted force in repelling Breymann's relief column of some 600 men. The British forces had underestimated the strength of their enemy and failed to get the supplies they had sought, weakening General John Burgoyne's army at Saratoga. Baum and over 200 men died and 700 men surrendered. The Americans lost 30 killed and forty wounded The Site: Hessian Hill offers picturesque views and interpretative signs about the battle. Directions: Take Route 7 east to Route 22, then take Route 22 north to Route 67.
    [Show full text]
  • U. S. Department of the Interior National Park Service
    Vicksburg NATIONAL MILITARY PARK • MISSISSIPPI "Vicksburg is the key.... The war can never be to reduce Vicksburg, but once again Union at­ On May 14, the Federals took Jackson, scat­ brought to a close until that key is in our tempts met with failure. tering the defenders. Grant then turned his pocket." A. Lincoln army west. Pemberton, meanwhile, brought his By the spring of 1863 three courses of action field army east from Vicksburg. On May 16, were open to Grant. With Memphis as a base, the two forces clashed at Champion Hill. Af­ he could advance southward into Mississippi, ter this hotly contested battle, and one on the On July 4, 1863, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant put using the railroads to supply his army and in­ following day at Big Black Bridge, Pemberton's the key In President Lincoln's pocket. Vicksburg vest Vicksburg from the east. Secondly, he army fell back to Vicksburg's defensive works. fell, and 5 days later Port Hudson surrendered, could attack Vicksburg from directly across On May 18, leading elements of Grant's army giving Union forces control of the Mississippi. the river. Or, he could march down the west were approaching the bristling Confederate This victory came because of the type of war bank, cross well below Vicksburg, and then defense line. Grant chose to fight in the West, as opposed to swing into position to attack from the south. warfare back East where thousands of soldiers He had to choose the method that would buy Believing that Southern morale had deterio­ moved back and forth between Washington and victory at the lowest cost in Northern lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Fortification Renaissance: the Roman Origins of the Trace Italienne
    FORTIFICATION RENAISSANCE: THE ROMAN ORIGINS OF THE TRACE ITALIENNE Robert T. Vigus Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2013 APPROVED: Guy Chet, Committee Co-Chair Christopher Fuhrmann, Committee Co-Chair Walter Roberts, Committee Member Richard B. McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Vigus, Robert T. Fortification Renaissance: The Roman Origins of the Trace Italienne. Master of Arts (History), May 2013, pp.71, 35 illustrations, bibliography, 67 titles. The Military Revolution thesis posited by Michael Roberts and expanded upon by Geoffrey Parker places the trace italienne style of fortification of the early modern period as something that is a novel creation, borne out of the minds of Renaissance geniuses. Research shows, however, that the key component of the trace italienne, the angled bastion, has its roots in Greek and Roman writing, and in extant constructions by Roman and Byzantine engineers. The angled bastion of the trace italienne was yet another aspect of the resurgent Greek and Roman culture characteristic of the Renaissance along with the traditions of medicine, mathematics, and science. The writings of the ancients were bolstered by physical examples located in important trading and pilgrimage routes. Furthermore, the geometric layout of the trace italienne stems from Ottoman fortifications that preceded it by at least two hundred years. The Renaissance geniuses combined ancient bastion designs with eastern geometry to match a burgeoning threat in the rising power of the siege cannon. Copyright 2013 by Robert T. Vigus ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the assistance and encouragement of many people.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiburzio Spannocchi's Project for the Fortifications of Fuenterrabía in 1580
    This paper is part of the Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Defence Sites: Heritage and Future (DSHF 2016) www.witconferences.com Tiburzio Spannocchi’s project for the fortifications of Fuenterrabía in 1580 R. T. Yáñez Pacios & V. Echarri Iribarren University of Alicante, Spain Abstract Fuenterrabía (Hondarribia) is a town located on the Franco-Spanish border. Between the 16th and 19th centuries it was considered to be one of the most outstanding strongholds in the Basque Country due to its strategic position. The bastion system of fortification was extremely prevalent in this stronghold. It was one of the first Spanish towns to adopt the incipient Renaissance designs of the bastion. The military engineers subsequently carried out continuous fortification projects that enabled the structure to withstand the advances being made in artillery and siege tactics. After the construction of the citadel of Pamplona had begun in 1571, following the design of the prestigious military engineer, Jacobo Palear Fratín and being revised by Viceroy Vespasiano Gonzaga, the afore- mentioned engineer undertook an ambitious project commissioned by Felipe II to modernise the fortifications of Fuenterrabía. Neither the plans nor the report of this project have been conserved, but in the year 2000, César Fernández Antuña published the report written by Spannocchi on the state of the fortifications of Fuenterrabía when he arrived to the Spanish peninsula, discovered in the Archivo Histórico Provincial de Zaragoza. This document conducts an in-depth analysis of Spannocchi’s project and how it was related to Fratín’s previous project. It concludes that this project encountered problems in updating the new bastions at the end of the 16th century, and identifies the factors which prevented the stronghold from being extended as was the case in Pamplona after Fratín’s project.
    [Show full text]
  • Duffus Castle Statement of Significance
    Property in Care (PIC) ID:PIC240 Designations: Scheduled Monument (SM90105) Taken into State care: 1925 (Guardianship) Last reviewed: 2011 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE DUFFUS CASTLE We continually revise our Statements of Significance, so they may vary in length, format and level of detail. While every effort is made to keep them up to date, they should not be considered a definitive or final assessment of our properties. Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH © Historic Environment Scotland 2018 You may re-use this information (excluding logos and images) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open- government-licence/version/3/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this document should be sent to us at: Historic Environment Scotland Longmore House Salisbury Place Edinburgh EH9 1SH +44 (0) 131 668 8600 www.historicenvironment.scot You can download this publication from our website at www.historicenvironment.scot Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH DUFFUS CASTLE SYNOPSIS Duffus Castle is the best-preserved motte-and-bailey castle in state care. It was built c.1150 by Freskin, a Fleming who founded the powerful Moray (Murray) dynasty.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Architecture
    V. Echarri, Int. J. of Herit. Archit., Vol. 1, No. 1 (2017) 1–16 FORTIFICATION AND FRONTIER: THE PROJECT DRAWN UP BY JUAN MARTÍN ZERMEÑO FOR PUEBLA DE SANABRIA IN 1766 V. ECHARRI University of Alicante, Spain. ABSTRACT Following the death of Engineer General Jorge Próspero de Verboom in 1744 and after a few years of transition in the management of Spanish fortifications, Juan Martín Zermeño took on the role, initially with a temporary mandate, but then definitively during a second period that ran from 1766 until his death in 1772. He began this second period with a certain amount of concern because of what had taken place during the last period of conflict.T he Seven Years War (1756–1763) which had brought Spain into conflict with Portugal and England in the Caribbean had also lead to conflict episodes along the Spanish–Portuguese border. Zermeño’s efforts as a planner and general engineer gave priority to the northern part of the Span- ish–Portuguese border. After studying the territory and the existing fortifications on both sides of the border, Zermeño drew up three important projects in 1766. The outposts that needed to be reinforced were located, from north to south, at Puebla de Sanabria, Zamora and Ciudad Rodrigo, which is where he is believed to have come from. This latter township already had a modern installation built immedi- ately after the War of the Spanish Succession and reinforced with the fort of La Concepción. However, Zamora and Puebla de Sanabria had some obsolete fortifications that needed modernising. Since the middle of the 15th century Puebla de Sanabria had had a modern castle with rounded tur- rets, that of the Counts of Benavente.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Architectural Resources Survey of the Upper Peninsula Charleston, South Carolina
    A Historic Architectural Resources Survey of the Upper Peninsula Charleston, South Carolina Final Report Prepared for City of Charleston Design, Development and Preservation Department Charleston, South Carolina Prepared by John Beaty Architectural Historian and Ralph Bailey Principal Investigator Brockington and Associates, Inc. Atlanta Charleston Raleigh January 2004 Acknowledgments In completing this survey of the Upper Peninsula, we were fortunate to have the help of many people. Lissa Felzer with the City of Charleston Design, Development, and Preservation Department provided a great deal of logistical support and a constant supply of useful questions and encouragement. Eddie Bello and Yvonne Fortenberry, also with the Design, Development, and Preservation Department, provided insight, information, and public meeting support. Greg Felzer provided the boat and piloting skills. Finally, the staff at the South Carolina Department of Archives and History, including Brad Sauls, was very helpful and accommodating. The activity that is the subject of this report has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, US Department of the Interior. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior. This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the US Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20240.
    [Show full text]
  • Vauban!S Siege Legacy In
    VAUBAN’S SIEGE LEGACY IN THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION, 1702-1712 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jamel M. Ostwald, M.A. The Ohio State University 2002 Approved by Dissertation Committee: Professor John Rule, Co-Adviser Co-Adviser Professor John Guilmartin, Jr., Co-Adviser Department of History Professor Geoffrey Parker Professor John Lynn Co-Adviser Department of History UMI Number: 3081952 ________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3081952 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ____________________________________________________________ ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT Over the course of Louis XIV’s fifty-four year reign (1661-1715), Western Europe witnessed thirty-six years of conflict. Siege warfare figures significantly in this accounting, for extended sieges quickly consumed short campaign seasons and prevented decisive victory. The resulting prolongation of wars and the cost of besieging dozens of fortresses with tens of thousands of men forced “fiscal- military” states to continue to elevate short-term financial considerations above long-term political reforms; Louis’s wars consumed 75% or more of the annual royal budget. Historians of 17th century Europe credit one French engineer – Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban – with significantly reducing these costs by toppling the impregnability of 16th century artillery fortresses. Vauban perfected and promoted an efficient siege, a “scientific” method of capturing towns that minimized a besieger’s casualties, delays and expenses, while also sparing the town’s civilian populace.
    [Show full text]
  • Cortés After the Conquest of Mexico
    CORTÉS AFTER THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO: CONSTRUCTING LEGACY IN NEW SPAIN By RANDALL RAY LOUDAMY Bachelor of Arts Midwestern State University Wichita Falls, Texas 2003 Master of Arts Midwestern State University Wichita Falls, Texas 2007 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2013 CORTÉS AFTER THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO: CONSTRUCTING LEGACY IN NEW SPAIN Dissertation Approved: Dr. David D’Andrea Dissertation Adviser Dr. Michael Smith Dr. Joseph Byrnes Dr. James Cooper Dr. Cristina Cruz González ii Name: Randall Ray Loudamy Date of Degree: DECEMBER, 2013 Title of Study: CORTÉS AFTER THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO: CONSTRUCTING LEGACY IN NEW SPAIN Major Field: History Abstract: This dissertation examines an important yet woefully understudied aspect of Hernán Cortés after the conquest of Mexico. The Marquisate of the Valley of Oaxaca was carefully constructed during his lifetime to be his lasting legacy in New Spain. The goal of this dissertation is to reexamine published primary sources in light of this new argument and integrate unknown archival material to trace the development of a lasting legacy by Cortés and his direct heirs in Spanish colonial Mexico. Part one looks at Cortés’s life after the conquest of Mexico, giving particular attention to the themes of fame and honor and how these ideas guided his actions. The importance of land and property in and after the conquest is also highlighted. Part two is an examination of the marquisate, discussing the key features of the various landholdings and also their importance to the legacy Cortés sought to construct.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Sunflower County, Mississippi
    University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2015 Temper, Mounds, And Palisades: The Walford Site (22Su501) Of Sunflower County, Mississippi Kimberly Nicole Harrison University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Harrison, Kimberly Nicole, "Temper, Mounds, And Palisades: The Walford Site (22Su501) Of Sunflower County, Mississippi" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 368. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/368 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TEMPER, MOUNDS, AND PALISADES: THE WALFORD SITE (22SU501) OF SUNFLOWER COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI A Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology The University of Mississippi Kimberly Nicole Harrison May 2015 Copyright © 2015 by Kim Harrison ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT The Walford site is a multicomponent site with Archaic, Woodland and Mississippian components located in the northern Yazoo Basin of Mississippi. The site has been recorded by several surveys, and was subjected to salvage excavations from 2003-2007. This excavation confirmed multiple components identified in previous surveys, and added a wider chronological range and occupation area. Current excavations also identified a palisade that appeared to have been built before all of the adjacent Mississippian structures, as well as one of the mounds. Using stratigraphy, GIS, and ceramic analysis, the date of this palisade was determined to be Late Woodland or Early Mississippian.
    [Show full text]