Yeast Chromosome Biology & Cell Cycle
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Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion During Dna Replication in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
ESTABLISHMENT OF SISTER CHROMATID COHESION DURING DNA REPLICATION IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE Vanessa de Sousa Ferreira Borges Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to University College London Supervisor: Dr. Frank Uhlmann September 2012 Chromosome Segregation Laboratory Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields London WC2A 3LY United Kingdom Declaration I, Vanessa de Sousa Ferreira Borges, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Acknowledgements One day scientific research became part of me, a world of puzzles, challenges and open questions waiting to be answered. Four years ago this decision brought me to London to do my PhD and many people became part of this exciting adventure and helped me through it in so many different ways. For this I would like to thank… …My supervisor Frank Uhlmann, for his continuous support, guidance and excellent scientific advice throughout the last 4 years. For always having the door of his office opened and time to discuss important or trivial questions about my project. For his contagious enthusiasm about science and for everything he taught me during my PhD. For being a great supervisor. …Everyone in the Chromosome and Segregation Laboratory for a very stimulating working environment and for making it such a nice place to work. I would like to thank Maria for all her help around the lab, Sebastian who taught me a lot in the beginning of my PhD, Adrian, Thomas, Celine, Molly, Rahul, Sandra, Lesia, Yasuto and Yasu. -
SMC Complexes Orchestrate the Mitotic Chromatin Interaction Landscape
Curr Genet DOI 10.1007/s00294-017-0755-y REVIEW SMC complexes orchestrate the mitotic chromatin interaction landscape Yasutaka Kakui1 · Frank Uhlmann1 Received: 13 September 2017 / Revised: 14 September 2017 / Accepted: 16 September 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Chromatin is a very long DNA–protein complex Keywords Chromosome condensation · SMC complex · that controls the expression and inheritance of the genetic Chromatin · Cell cycle · Hi-C information. Chromatin is stored within the nucleus in interphase and further compacted into chromosomes dur- ing mitosis. This process, known as chromosome condensa- Introduction tion, is essential for faithful segregation of genomic DNA into daughter cells. Condensin and cohesin, members of How chromatin is spatially organized within the cell nucleus the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) fam- and within chromosomes is a fundamental question in cell ily, are fundamental for chromosome architecture, both biology. Centimeter-long DNA molecules change their spa- for establishment of chromatin structure in the interphase tial chromatin organization within micrometer-sized cells nucleus and for the formation of condensed chromosomes during cell cycle progression. In interphase, chromatin is in mitosis. These ring-shaped SMC complexes are thought distributed throughout the nucleus to express the genetic to regulate the interactions between DNA strands by topo- information. When cells enter mitosis, chromatin becomes logically entrapping DNA. How this activity shapes chro- compacted to form mitotic chromosomes. Chromosome mosomes is not yet understood. Recent high throughput condensation, the gross morphological change of spatial chromosome conformation capture studies revealed how chromatin organization in mitosis, is indispensable for chromatin is reorganized during the cell cycle and have the faithful inheritance of genetic information. -
3718 Issue63july2010 1.Pdf
Issue 63.qxd:Genetic Society News 1/10/10 14:41 Page 1 JULYJULLYY 2010 | ISSUEISSUE 63 GENETICSGENNETICSS SOCIETYSOCIEETY NENEWSEWS In this issue The Genetics Society NewsNewws is edited by U Genetics Society PresidentPresident Honoured Honoured ProfProf David Hosken and items ittems for future future issues can be sent to thee editor,editor, preferably preferably U Mouse Genetics Meeting by email to [email protected],D.J.Hosken@@exeter.ac.uk, or U SponsoredSponsored Meetings Meetings hardhard copy to Chair in Evolutionary Evoolutionary Biology, Biology, UniversityUniversity of Exeter,Exeter, Cornwall Cornnwall Campus, U The JBS Haldane LectureLecture Tremough,Tremough, Penryn, TR10 0 9EZ UK.UK. The U Schools Evolutionn ConferenceConference Newsletter is published twicet a year,year, with copy dates of 1st June andand 26th November.November. U TaxiTaxi Drivers The British YeastYeaste Group Group descend on Oxford Oxford for their 2010 meeting: m see the reportreport on page 35. 3 Image © Georgina McLoughlin Issue 63.qxd:Genetic Society News 1/10/10 14:41 Page 2 A WORD FROM THE EDITOR A word from the editor Welcome to issue 63. In this issue we announce a UK is recognised with the award of a CBE in the new Genetics Society Prize to Queen’s Birthday Honours, tells us about one of Welcome to my last issue as join the medals and lectures we her favourite papers by Susan Lindquist, the 2010 editor of the Genetics Society award. The JBS Haldane Mendel Lecturer. Somewhat unusually we have a News, after 3 years in the hot Lecture will be awarded couple of Taxi Drivers in this issue – Brian and seat and a total of 8 years on annually to recognise Deborah Charlesworth are not so happy about the committee it is time to excellence in communicating the way that the print media deals with some move on before I really outstay aspects of genetics research to scientific issues and Chris Ponting bemoans the my welcome! It has been a the public. -
2012-2013 Seminars
2012-13 Archived Seminars 8/14/14 12:42 PM A Cornell University • Deparhnent of Iv1olecular Biology and Genetics 2012-13 Archived Seminars May 24, 2013 Speaker: Julius Lucks Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Cornell University Title: "Towards Unraveling the RNA Sequence-Structure Code Using High Throughput RNA Structrure Characterizaion" Host: Sylvia Lee http://www.cheme.cornell.edu/people/profile.cfm?netid=jl564 May 17, 2013 W. Lee Kraus Distinguished Chair & Director, Cecil H. and Ida Green Ctr. for Reproductive Biology Sciences Professor & Vice Chair for Basic Science, Dept of Ob/Gyn Professor, Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr. @ Dallas Title: "Chromatin-Mediated Gene Regulation by PARP-1: Control of Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Programs" Host: John Lis http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/education/medical-school/departments/green-center/index.html May 9, 2013 (THURSDAY) Brenton Graveley University of Connecticut Health Center Genetics and Developmental Biology Title: "Insights into RNA Biology in Drosophila from Genome-Wide Studies" Host: Jeff Pleiss http://genetics.uchc.edu/faculty/assoc_professors/graveley.html May 3, 2013 Bill Kelly Emory University Department of Biology Title: "Remembrance of Transcriptiones Past: Germline-Specific Modes of Transcription Regulation in C. elegans" Host: Kelly Liu http://www.biology.emory.edu/research/Kelly/members/Bill.html April 26, 2013 Kevin Struhl Harvard Medical School Dept. of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology Title: "Transcriptional -
EMBO Facts & Figures
excellence in life sciences Reykjavik Helsinki Oslo Stockholm Tallinn EMBO facts & figures & EMBO facts Copenhagen Dublin Amsterdam Berlin Warsaw London Brussels Prague Luxembourg Paris Vienna Bratislava Budapest Bern Ljubljana Zagreb Rome Madrid Ankara Lisbon Athens Jerusalem EMBO facts & figures HIGHLIGHTS CONTACT EMBO & EMBC EMBO Long-Term Fellowships Five Advanced Fellows are selected (page ). Long-Term and Short-Term Fellowships are awarded. The Fellows’ EMBO Young Investigators Meeting is held in Heidelberg in June . EMBO Installation Grants New EMBO Members & EMBO elects new members (page ), selects Young EMBO Women in Science Young Investigators Investigators (page ) and eight Installation Grantees Gerlind Wallon EMBO Scientific Publications (page ). Programme Manager Bernd Pulverer S Maria Leptin Deputy Director Head A EMBO Science Policy Issues report on quotas in academia to assure gender balance. R EMBO Director + + A Conducts workshops on emerging biotechnologies and on H T cognitive genomics. Gives invited talks at US National Academy E IC of Sciences, International Summit on Human Genome Editing, I H 5 D MAN 201 O N Washington, DC.; World Congress on Research Integrity, Rio de A M Janeiro; International Scienti c Advisory Board for the Centre for Eilish Craddock IT 2 015 Mammalian Synthetic Biology, Edinburgh. Personal Assistant to EMBO Fellowships EMBO Scientific Publications EMBO Gold Medal Sarah Teichmann and Ido Amit receive the EMBO Gold the EMBO Director David del Álamo Thomas Lemberger Medal (page ). + Programme Manager Deputy Head EMBO Global Activities India and Singapore sign agreements to become EMBC Associate + + Member States. EMBO Courses & Workshops More than , participants from countries attend 6th scienti c events (page ); participants attend EMBO Laboratory Management Courses (page ); rst online course EMBO Courses & Workshops recorded in collaboration with iBiology. -
Pp2acdc55 Phosphatase Imposes Ordered Cell-Cycle Phosphorylation by Opposing Threonine Phosphorylation
Article PP2ACdc55 Phosphatase Imposes Ordered Cell-Cycle Phosphorylation by Opposing Threonine Phosphorylation Graphical Abstract Authors Molly Godfrey, Sandra A. Touati, Meghna Kataria, Andrew Jones, Ambrosius P. Snijders, Frank Uhlmann Correspondence [email protected] In Brief The eukaryotic cell cycle comprises a robustly ordered series of phosphorylation events. Godfrey et al. show that the phosphatase PP2ACdc55 counteracts and thereby delays cell-cycle phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase specifically on threonine, but not serine, phosphorylation sites. This reveals an ordering principle that might be also relevant in other signaling networks. Highlights d The phosphatase PP2ACdc55 counteracts Cdk phosphorylation during the cell cycle d It does so specifically on threonine, but not serine, phosphorylation sites d Consequently, threonine phosphorylation is a late event in the cell cycle d Thereby, PP2ACdc55 contributes to setting the timing of mitosis Godfrey et al., 2017, Molecular Cell 65, 393–402 February 2, 2017 ª 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.12.018 Molecular Cell Article PP2ACdc55 Phosphatase Imposes Ordered Cell-Cycle Phosphorylation by Opposing Threonine Phosphorylation Molly Godfrey,1,3 Sandra A. Touati,1 Meghna Kataria,1 Andrew Jones,2 Ambrosius P. Snijders,2 and Frank Uhlmann1,4,* 1Chromosome Segregation Laboratory 2Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Science Technology Platform The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK 3Present address: Developmental Biology Division, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands 4Lead Contact *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.12.018 SUMMARY before mitosis, is not well understood. -
Trustees' Annual Report and Financial Statements 31 March 2016
THE FRANCIS CRICK INSTITUTE LIMITED A COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES TRUSTEES’ ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 MARCH 2016 Charity registration number: 1140062 Company registration number: 6885462 The Francis Crick Institute Accounts 2016 CONTENTS INSIDE THIS REPORT Trustees’ report (incorporating the Strategic report and Directors’ report) 1 Independent auditor’s report 12 Consolidated statement of financial activities 13 Balance sheets 14 Cash flow statements 15 Notes to the financial statements 16 1 TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REPORT AND DIRECTORS’ REPORT) The trustees present their annual directors’ report together with the consolidated financial statements for the charity and its subsidiary (together, ‘the Group’) for the year ended 31 March 2016, which are prepared to meet the requirements for a directors’ report and financial statements for Companies Act purposes. The financial statements comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Companies Act 2006, and the Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK (FRS102) effective 1 January 2015 (Charity SORP). The trustees’ report includes the additional content required of larger charities. REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS The Francis Crick Institute Limited (‘the charity’, ‘the Institute’ or ‘the Crick) is registered with the Charity Commission, charity number 1140062. The charity has operated and continues to operate under the name of the Francis Crick -
Suppression of Spontaneous Genome Rearrangements in Yeast DNA Helicase Mutants
Suppression of spontaneous genome rearrangements in yeast DNA helicase mutants Kristina H. Schmidt*†‡ and Richard D. Kolodner*§¶ *Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and §Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and †Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 Contributed by Richard D. Kolodner, October 2, 2006 (sent for review June 16, 2006) Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking two of the three DNA the hyperrecombination and DNA-damage sensitive phenotypes of helicases Sgs1, Srs2, and Rrm3 exhibit slow growth that is sup- srs2 mutants are suppressed by HR defects (31). The physical pressed by disrupting homologous recombination. Cells lacking interaction between Srs2 and Pol32, a structural subunit of DNA Sgs1 and Rrm3 accumulate gross-chromosomal rearrangements polymerase delta, suggests that Srs2 may act during DNA replica- (GCRs) that are suppressed by the DNA damage checkpoint and by tion (32). Srs2 also is required for proper activation of Rad53 in homologous recombination-defective mutations. In contrast, rrm3, response to DNA-damaging agents (7, 33), and Srs2 itself is srs2, and srs2 rrm3 mutants have wild-type GCR rates. GCR types in phosphorylated after cells are exposed to methyl-methanesulfon- helicase double mutants include telomere additions, transloca- ate, hydroxyurea, or UV light; however, the significance of this tions, and broken DNAs healed by a complex process of hairpin- phosphorylation is unknown (33). mediated inversion. Spontaneous activation of the Rad53 check- Unlike Sgs1 and Srs2, the Rrm3 helicase has 5Ј-to-3Ј polarity and point kinase in the rrm3 mutant depends on the Mec3͞Rad24 DNA shares homology throughout its helicase domain with the S. -
Chromosome Cohesion and Separation
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Current Biology, Vol. 13, R104–R114, February 4, 2003, ©2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII S0960-9822(03)00039-3 Chromosome Cohesion and Review Separation: From Men and Molecules Frank Uhlmann It would seem most sensible for cells to couple DNA replication directly to the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion, so as never to give replication Sister chromatid cohesion and separation are products a chance to drift apart. Experimental evi- fundamental for accurate genome inheritance over dence indeed suggests that there is a tight temporal cell generations. Work over recent years has coupling of DNA replication and cohesion establish- established the existence of a chromosomal protein ment [7], and proteins that participate in DNA replica- complex, cohesin, that connects sister chromatids tion are also involved in the establishment of cohesion from the time they are generated in S phase [8,9]. Despite recent progress, ideas about the molec- onwards, and which is destroyed at the onset of ular basis of this coupling remain vague. Among the anaphase through cleavage by the protease most significant advances over the last year have separase. Over the last year, the function of cohesin been structural and biochemical studies on the has been investigated in higher eukaryotes, including cohesin complex which for the first time have given us humans, with results that have uncovered important a firm basis from which to develop models of how new aspects of this process. The first structural cohesin might act as a glue between, or around, two views of cohesin have become available, and signifi- strands of DNA [10,11]. -
2008 MD/Phd Program
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School MD/PhD Program Symposium Thursday, July 31, 2008 Department of Molecular Biology Carl Icahn Laboratory Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey Program Continental Breakfast 8:30 to 9:00 a.m. Introductory Remarks 9:00 to 9:30 a.m. Terri Goss Kinzy, PhD Assistant Dean for Medical Scientist Training Director, UMDNJ-RWJMS/Rutgers/Princeton MD/PhD Program Professor, Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, UMDNJ-RWJMS James Broach, PhD Associate Director, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University Student Presentations (Session 1) 9:30 to 10:30 a.m. Break 10:30 to 10:45 a.m. Student Presentations (Session 2) 10:45 to 11:45 a.m. Break 11:45 to 12:00 p.m. Dean’s Welcome Remarks 12:00 to 12:15 p.m. Peter Amenta, MD, PhD Interim Dean, UMDNJ-RWJMS Professor and Chair, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ-RWJMS Luncheon 12:15 to 2:00 p.m. Student Presentations (Session 3) 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. Break 3:00 to 3:15 p.m. Keynote Address 3:15 to 4:15 p.m. Leon Rosenberg, MD Professor, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs “Questions a Physician-Scientist Asks About Life” Concluding Remarks 4:15 to 4:30 p.m. Elizabeth Gavis, MD, PhD Princeton Liason, UMDNJ-RWJMS/Rutgers/Princeton MD/PhD Program Professor, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University Reception 4:30 p.m. Acknowledgments: The MD/PhD Symposium was made possible by the support of Dr. -
Mechanisms of Recombination: 50 Th Anniversary Meeting of the Holliday Model
Mechanisms of Recombination: 50 th Anniversary Meeting of the Holliday Model May 19-23, 2014 Alicante, Spain Monday, May 19 Afternoon Arrival 17:00 Registration 18:30 Welcome drinks 19:30 Keynote lectures: Scott Keeney (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, US) Mechanism and regulation of meiotic recombination initiation David Sherratt (University of Oxford, UK) Recombination in live bacteria Dinner Tuesday, May 20 Breakfast Session 1 Chairperson : Lorraine Symington 09:00 – 09:25 Roland Kanaar (Erasmus MC, The Netherlands) Molecular mechanism of homologous recombination 09:25 – 09:50 Patrick Sung (Yale University, US) Regulation of homologous recombination by DNA helicases 09:50 – 10:15 Steve Kowalczykowski (University of California, Davis, US) Seeing recombination: one molecule and step at a time 10:15 – 10:30 Xiaodong Zhang (Imperial College London, UK) Structural characterisations of BRCA2 provide mechanistic insights into Rad51 binding and filament formation during homologous recombination Break 11:00 – 11:25 Akira Shinohara (Osaka University, Japan) Assembly and disassembly of Rad51 complex by Rad51 mediators and DNA helicases 11:25 – 11:50 Hiroshi Iwasaki (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan) The activation of Rad51-dirven DNA strand exchange reaction by the Swi5-Sfr1 complex 11:50 – 12:15 Wolf-Dietrich Heyer (University of California, Davis, US) Mechanism and regulation of recombinational DNA repair 12:15 – 12:40 Doug Bishop (University of Chicago, US) Recombinosome architecture and homolog bias in meiotic recombination 12:40 -
Strengthening Science Across Europe the EMBO Strategy
ISSUE 7 AUTUMN | WINTER 2006 promoting excellence in the molecular life sciences in europe message from embo executive director Strengthening science across Europe The EMBO strategy EMBO was established over 40 to take place in Estonia. These events provide highlights in this issue years ago to promote molecu- fertile ground for discussions on the needs of 2006 EMBO Members 2 lar biology in Europe. The the scientifi c community in this region. In this organisation’s interpretation way, EMBO ensures its activities are spread Frank Uhlmann wins of “Europe” in this mission is throughout all of its member states. EMBO Gold Medal 3 important and has evolved in This pattern of bringing EMBO into coun- line with changes in the economy, geography tries on the curve of scientifi c development will and science. EMBO’s strategy today is very continue. In recent years, the most signifi cant much inclusive, not only supporting the best European initiative in this area has been the research in the strongest scientifi c countries, launch of EMBO Installation Grants. The new but also working to raise standards throughout scheme aims to strengthen science in particu- all of Europe. lar countries, offering an attractive funding and So how does this work in practice? EMBO networking package to encourage scientists Short-Term Fellowships have been networking to relocate and establish their groups there. 2006 EMBO Young Investigators 5 scientists for 40 years, providing an excellent The scheme was launched after considerable source of advanced training and contacts for analysis, including a survey of EMBO Fellows, Spotlight on EMBO less well-known research groups.