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A New Species of the Genus <I>Rhogeessa</I>, with Comments

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A New Species of the Genus <I>Rhogeessa</I>, with Comments University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska State Museum 1996 A New Species of the Genus Rhogeessa, with Comments on Geographic Distribution and Speciation in the Genus Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Robert J. Baker Texas Tech University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Genoways, Hugh H. and Baker, Robert J., "A New Species of the Genus Rhogeessa, with Comments on Geographic Distribution and Speciation in the Genus" (1996). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 248. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/248 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. From Contributions in Mammalogy: A Memorial Volume Honoring Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr., edited by Hugh H. Genoways and Robert J. Baker. Copyright 1996, Museum of Texas Tech University. Used by permission. A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS RHOGEESSA, WITH COMMENTS ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIATION IN THE GENUS Hugh H. Genoways and RobertJ. Baker ABSTRACT. - A new species of Rhogeessa is described from southern Suriname. The new species is charac­ terized by a karyotype that possesses a diploid number of 52 and a fundamental number of 52 and by its rela­ tively large overall size comparedto other SouthAmericanRhogeessa. Tenspecies are now recognized within the genus. Seven of these species, including the one described herein, are members of R. tumida complex. Two of these species - R. io and R. minutilla - also occur in South America and the remaining four species are confined to Mexico and Central America. Key words: Rhogeessa, Suriname, karyology, systematics, Mammalia Bats of the genus Rhogeessa have presented evolu­ as out groups (Bic kham, I979a ; 1979b). The results of tionary biologists and systematists with a unique suite of thi s analysis indicated that the 2N = 30 cytotype from features. Several cryptic or sibling species are identified South America and 2N = 32 cyt otype from Nicaragua by karyotypic variation (Baker, 1984; Baker et aI., 1985) represent sister clades identified by three unique centric and this complex has been used as an empirical basis for fu sions (5/1 , 10/4 , and 11/7 using the standa rdized G­ a speciation model (spec iation by monobrachi al fusions, Band karyotype for ve spertilionid bats, Bi ckham, Baker and Bickham, 1986). Some species show little orno I 979a ). morphological distinctiveness (Baker, 1984). For the two Based on the potential complex meiotic figures that most widely distri but ed species recognized by morpho­ would result from hybrids betw een either the 2N = 30 or logica l differences (R. tumida and R.parvula),the range of the 2N = 32 (Nicaraguan) cytotypes and any ot her cyto­ geographic vari ation in morphology within both species is type found north of South America, it is probable that the greater than any morphological features that distinguish 2N = 30 and 32 (N icaraguan form ) hav e speciated from the two (La Val, 1973). Although, several species have more northern taxa by monobrachial fu sions (Baker and been recognized based on kary otypes, the morphological Bickham, 1986). The senior sy nony m for the 2N = 30 features are still problematic when used to identify taxa. and 32 (Nicaraguan form) cytotypes is R. i o Tho ma s, One ofthe karyotypic form s (Ho neycutt et al., 1980) from 1903 , with a type locality of Valencia, Carabobo , Vene­ Suriname has been identified as a previously undescribed zuela. At this time it seems appropriate to consider the species (Ruedas and Bickham, 1992) and this paper pre­ 2N = 30 cytotype and the 2N = 32 (Nicaraguan form ) as sent s a formal description of that taxon . conspecific becau se there is no ev idence of an isolating Be fo re a formal de script ion can be made, so me mechanism in the chromosomal or other data. Therefore, clarificati on of species boundaries and characteristics is the ran ge ofR. i o should be recognized as the Atlantic needed to permit the required comparisons. This unde­ versant of Nicaragua south through Panama, and South scribed species is a member of the R. tumida complex in America including specimens ofR. tumida rec orded by South America. LaVal ( 1973) for Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guy­ The first point to consider is that other specimens ana, and Mato Grosso, Brazil. The situation surrounding of the R. tumida complex that have been karyotyped from the Ecuador specimens is unclear (LaVal, 1973 ; Good­ South America have a diploid number of 30. Specimens win , 1958). with this karyotype have been G-banded and cladistically La Val examined and figured bacula (197 3, Fig 2, analyzed (Bak er et aI., 1985) using Myotis and Eptesicus p. 9) for se veral representatives of the R. tumida com- Pp. 83 - 87, Contr ibutions in Mammal ogy: AMemori al Volume Honoring Dr. 1. Knox Jones , Jr. Museum ofTexas Tech University, 1996, il + 3t5 pp. 84 1. KNOX JONES MEMORIAL VOLUME plex. Three specimens (fro m Veracruz, Tamaulipas, and relationship of alleni, gracilis, and mira to each other and Chiapas) are from the range of the 2N = 34 cytotypes (w ­ to members of the R. tu mida compl ex merit s furt he r mida , sensu stricto) and these three are more simi lar to study. Withi n what we wi ll call the R. tum ida co mplex each other than to any of the re maining bacula that are there are seven species . Rhogeessa tumida is distributed figured. Three other specime ns , the eastern versant of along the Atlantic versa nt of Mexico southward to Hon­ Nicarag ua , Co lombia, and Venez uela, are fro m our pro ­ duras where it is found on both the Pacific and A tlantic posed range for R. io and these three have unique bacular versants, Rh ogeessa parv ula is di stributed in Mexico morphology unlike that seen in tumida (senso stricto) and f rom S o n o r a to Guerrero a n d Oaxa c a . Rhogeessa these three are more like each other than any is like rep re­ genowaysi is kn own fro m a restri ct ed are a in Chi apas, sentatives of tumida (sensu stricto). To our eye the bacu­ Mexico. The distribution of Rhogeessa io is as descr ibed lu m of the sp eci me n fro m Puna Isl and, Ec uado r, most above. The 2N = 32B form described by Baker et al. closely resembles the bacul a of R. minutilla. It is inter­ (1 985 ) fro m Belize has been show n to occur in Belize , es tin g to note th at R. minutilla is a coastal and island north ern Guatemala, and throughout the Yucatan Penin­ form in the xeric regions of Venezuela and Colombia and sula by Audet et al. ( 1993). The senior synonym applied the Puna Island locality matches well this ecological situ­ to thi s taxon was Rh ogeessa aeneus Goodwin, 195 8 ation . Therefo re, we are un com fortable assigning the (Audet et aI., 1993). Rhogeessa minutilla is found along Ecua dor specimens to a specific taxon and more study is the north coas t of South Ame rica on Margarita Island, needed . Chro mosomal data from bo th R. minutilla an d Venezuela , and Colombia. The spec ies we are describing the Ec uador populat ion sh ould be va luable in es ta b­ herein is fro m northeastern So uth America. The geo ­ lishing these relationshi ps. graphic relationship of these taxa can be seen in Figure I We thi nk that th ere are ten species in the gen us and Baker ( 1984 ). Rhogeessa that sho uld be recognized. Rhogeessa alieni An ov erview of the geographic di stribution of the and R. gracilis are the outliers rel ative to the other spe­ tumida comp lex indi cates that areas of syrnpatrv are un­ cies and R. mira may we ll be as distant to the rema ining common and parapatry may be the common relationship tax a as are R. alleni and R. gra cilis (LaVal, 1973 ). The at species boundaries. Our wo rking hypo thesis I S that ~ l ()-) R. tumida o " --;:;'--R.-:«:aeneus ~ ~ c::::>- R. e. zone of '.. overlap R. R. minuti/la . /" R. 10 -b..f] ~~~~~ Fig. I. Approxi mate geog raphic distribution of the seve n speci es in the Rhogeessa lumida - complex. Exac t geog raphic boundaries and area s ofpotential sympatry betwee n species arc yet to be fully studied. Records from Brazil and Ecuador arc not show n (see text and La Val. 1973). GENOWAYS AND BAKER-NEWRHOGEESSA 85 this pattern is the result of speciation of a once wide spread single species and the relationships among species will in most cases reflect geographic associations. When the geographic distribution of the R. tumida complex is contrasted with that observed for the other vespertilionid gener a such as Myotis, Lasiurus, and Eptesicus , the pat­ tern seen in Rhogeessa appears exceptional. In the for­ mer three genera, sympatry among species is common and examples of parapatry are not well docum ented . The new taxon described below is from Suriname in northeastern So uth America and the species ofRho­ geessa that are in a geographic position to hybridize with the new species are R.
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