Fiscal year 2019
research abstracts College of Arts and Sciences – FY2019 Research Abstracts ART, GRAPHIC DESIGN AND ART HISTORY
Gardiner Gallery Special Exhibitions Series of exhibitions in the Gardiner Gallery of Art in the Department of Art, Graphic Design and Art History. Sponsors: Oklahoma Arts Council PI: Rebecca Brienen
Arts Learning at Prairie Arts Arts Enrichment camps for youth and a community mural project at the Prairie Arts Center, an OSU‐City of Stillwater Community Arts Partnership. Sponsors: Oklahoma Arts Council PI: Rebecca Brienen
Art, Community, and Salvation in Colonial Mexico The project is a book‐length study devoted to the art and visual culture of colonial Mexican confraternities. It participates in an increasingly transatlantic dialogue that situates lay religious communities, Spanish identity, an African diaspora, and indigeneity within the broader theoretical landscape of early modern studies. The book is aimed at art historians, intellectual and cultural historians, anthropologies, and scholars of religion. Sponsors: Oklahoma Humanities Council PI: Cristina Cruz González
Constructing Sanctity in the Eighteenth‐Century Franciscan Mission Interrogates the transatlantic construction of sanctity. Focuses on Franciscan figures who made their religious mark in colonial Mexico, became targets of local religiosity, and were ultimately celebrated by Franciscan agents on both sides of the Atlantic. Sponsors: The Helmerich Center for American Research, University of Tulsa PI: Cristina Cruz González
Agent Blue / Optical Brightener Archive This project studies Optical Brightening Agents (OBAs), which are non‐archival dyes that enhance inkjet paper. Under ultraviolet light, the OBAs glow dramatically and reveal their saturation. My primary goal is to illuminate this unseen quality of inkjet paper by arranging papers with different amounts of OBAs under ultraviolet light. These abstract compositions are intended to create visual play with traditional shapes related to the source material, such as standard paper sizes and formats. A portfolio of these photographs will be exhibited and published. The secondary goal of this project is to measure and document OBA levels in many popular inkjet papers. The results will be published as a website for photographers, artists, and graphic designers to help them determine the most appropriate paper for their purpose. Sponsors: HAD Disciplines Research Grant, Oklahoma State University PI: Andy Mattern 40 Degrees North Latitude A series of drawings and screen prints were created depicting the overland silk route from Luoyang to Dunhuang, China. Sponsors: Fulbright US Scholar Program, Xiaoxiang International Printmaking Center (Changsha, China) PI: Liz Roth
Problematic Pacifism: Annetta Johnson St. Gaudens’s WWI Lunette Salvation This article analyzes the earliest large scale, pacifist sculpture of the World War I period‐‐ Salvation, sculpted by Annetta Johnson St. Gaudens in early 1918—within its socio‐political context. Created during the escalation of the U.S. involvement in WWI, Salvation was a feminist pacifist’s dramatic plea for peace and a socialist’s call for reform. Its reception, furthermore, reflected the socio‐political complexity of both the woman‐led pacifist and preparedness wartime movements. Sponsors: College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University PI: Priscilla Schwarz
Annetta Johnson St. Gaudens: Narratives of a Family Legacy This exhibition at the Los Angeles Fine Arts Building, Sept. 12 – Nov. 10, 2019, is the first to focus on Annetta Johnson St. Gaudens (1869‐1943), one of a family of acclaimed American sculptors originally trained in the Beaux‐Arts/Naturalist style. Johnson St. Gaudens personal “impressionistic” style is highlighted here by her small terra cotta sculptures and water colors (accompanied by didactic labels). Displayed are original artworks and copies of archival photographs from family and the Saint‐Gaudens National Historical Park in Cornish, NH. Sponsors: College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University PI: Priscilla Schwarz
“Good pictures are a strong weapon”: Laura Gilpin, Queerness, and Navajo Sovereignty A book‐length study of the place of American photographer Laura Gilpin (1891‐1979) within the history of Navajo sovereignty and the broader cultural milieu of the American Southwest, illuminating the intersectional politics of photography, indigeneity, and queerness as they developed over the course of the twentieth century. Sponsors: American Studies, Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Humanities; College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University PI: Louise Siddons
Centering Modernism: J. Jay McVicker and Postwar American Art Centering Modernism (exhibition at the OSU Museum of Art) takes a close look at the innovative artwork of Oklahoman J. Jay McVicker (1911‐2004) in the context of international modernism and the coastalization of American art criticism after the Second World War. Sponsors: National Endowment for the Arts PI: Louise Siddons CHEMISTRY
PFI AIR‐TT: Transitioning Explosive Sensing Technology to the Marketplace This Accelerating Innovation Technology Translation project aims to develop a real‐time explosive sensor that is highly selective and sensitive for peroxide‐based improvised explosives and the hydrogen peroxide that is used to manufacture them. There is a major societal need and market opportunity for sensing technologies for peroxide‐based improvised explosives. This need will be addressed by the targeted innovation, a sensor prototype based on technology from a past NSF project. Thus, the goal of this project) is to transition explosive sensing technology developed from the knowledge gained from a funded NSF project, Award 0731208, “EXP‐SA: Development of Metal Oxide Bronzes for Detection of Military and Improvised Explosives,” into a high‐reliability and selective sensor for peroxide‐based improvised explosives agents and their precursors. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Allen Apblett, Nick Materer
Extracting the Photonic Spectrum for the Long Range Exploration of Space: A Hybrid Photovoltaic Photon Upconversion and Biological System for Energy Production and Life Support” We are developing a novel biologically‐based life support system to sustain long‐range space travel. This system allows for increased biomass production using normally unused wavelengths in the solar electromagnetic spectrum by coupling photosynthesis with up and down conversion of photons. Cultures of microalgae will provide a source of oxygen and nutrients for manned space exploration, while simultaneously removing waste carbon dioxide Sponsors: National Aeronautics and Space Administration PI: Allen Apblett
Resin Compared to Portland Cement as a Sealant for OCS Wells Various resin‐based compounds are being evaluated as sealants for petroleum wells in the OCS. All aspects of resin application as a well bore sealant are covered including sealant chemistry, performance properties, design, material transport, mixing, placement, and long‐term seal durability. The impact of resin application on operations, HSE, cost and long‐term well bore integrity are being compared to those of Portland cement. Sponsors: Bureau of Safety and Environmental Performance PI: Allen Apblett
Variable Selection for Remedying the Effects of Uncontrolled Variation in Data Driven Predictions This project is an effort aimed at investigating fundamental issues important to chemical modeling in modern measurement science, specifically: (1) stabilizing calibration and classification relationships in the presence of unexpected contributions, and (2) making calibrations and classifications as robust as possible to additional sources of background. Methods for automated identification of the portions of the chemical responses that best model the system are being investigated. The broader impacts of this project include the improvements in efficiency and performance from improved and more reliable chemical models for production and quality assurance, as well as the training of graduate and undergraduate students in data analysis, a skill in very high demand. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Barry K. Lavine
Application of Raman and Infrared Microscopy for the Forensic Examination of Automotive Clear Coats and Paint Smears All too often, a clear coat is the only layer of automotive paint recovered from a crime scene. Current approaches to identify clear coats have been unsuccessful because the FTIR spectra of clear coats are too similar to generate accurate hit lists by searching clear coat IR spectra alone. Recently published studies of pattern recognition methods applied to IR spectra of clear coats have shown that information about the line and model of the vehicle can be obtained from these spectra. To further enhance the general discrimination power of clear coats, Raman spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques are being investigated as a potentially better solution to the problem of extracting investigative lead information from clear coats. In addition, a procedure to simulate the type of paint smear generated in vehicle‐vehicle or vehicle‐pedestrian hit‐and‐ run collisions is also being developed. Sponsors: National Institute of Justice PI: Barry K. Lavine
Development of agents to treat ovarian cancer The development of new agents to treat ovarian cancer and/or prevent ovarian cancer is the focus of the research. Such compounds must be as specific as possible to attack the cancer directly with very low toxicity and a minimum effect on normal tissue. A clinical trial is planned beginning in March, 2010, for one agent. Two new agents will be subjected to screening in mice later this year. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PIs: K. Darrell Berlin, Richard A. Bunce Physics: Donghua Zhou College of Veterinary Medicine: Ashish Ranjan
Surface Coatings Measurements This work involves the characterization and understanding the basic chemical and physical properties of superhydrophobic coatings. We are interested in how the coatings behavior depends on the kinds of particles used, the amount of silane on the superhydrophobic particles, and the particle loadings. The coatings are studied by a variety of techniques including contact angle, electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, infra‐red and others as needed. Sponsors: Dry Surface Coatings PI: Frank D. Blum
Selective C‐C Bond Formation Mediated by Modularly Assembled Catalysts Catalysis is a key element to innovation in synthetic organic chemistry. The proposed research’s focus is on bifunctional catalysts. Analogous to natural systems, these catalysts contain two functional groups for organising and orienting two reacting molecules, thus controlling both the direction as well as the manner in which they react. Instead of preparing these complex catalysts by conventional synthesis, we utilize known reversible reactions (e.g. disulfide coupling and exchange) which allow these catalysts to form by self‐assembly when the two components are mixed. Overall, this fragment‐based approach allows the efficient adaption ("evolution") of the desired catalysts for targeted transformations and C‐C bond formations. Additionally, this method offers exciting opportunities to explore new types of bifunctional catalysts and compounds which could perform novel reactions and thereby enable the synthesis of materials currently inaccessible by conventional methods. Sponsors: American Chemical Society‐Petroleum Research Fund PI: Jeanne L. Bolliger
Chemical Tools for Perturbing Iron Homeostasis in P. aeruginosa This is a collaboration with a group at the University of Kansas, which seeks to exploit a novel vulnerability in Gram‐negative bacteria. Bacterioferritin is a protein that stores iron as Fe3+ in the body. A second protein normally binds to the outer surface of this protein and facilitates electron transfer from a third protein to the inner cavity, where Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+. The resulting Fe2+ provides an energy source for the bacteria. The goal is to develop compounds that will block the binding site on bacterioferritin and prevent this process. Without Fe2+, bacterial cells have no energy source and eventually die. Sponsors: NIH (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) PIs: Richard A. Bunce (OSU) Louisiana State University: Mario Rivera
Action‐at‐a‐Distance via Ice‐Like point Defects: Relating Catalytic Gas‐Hydrate Formation and Antifreeze Protein Action to Epitaxial Growth of Gas Hydrates This research includes both experimental and theoretical studies. Lattice defects, common in ice and readily generated in much greater abundance by hydrogen‐bonding guests, facilitate rapid hydrate formation by inducing solid‐state molecular mobility. With a proper guest catalyst included (for example, the ether tetrahydrofuran (THF)), droplets instantly crystallize as gas‐ hydrate particles. This catalytic action of defects at micron distances within gas hydrates is of more general interest. In this project, Prof. Devlin and his undergraduate research assistants are using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to explore how the behavior of ice‐like point defects that underlie molecular actions that may influence the formation of clathrate hydrates (CH), as well as the function of antifreeze proteins. Insights are also being gained through ab initio and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations on the CH systems being studied experimentally. The computational work is being done in collaboration with Professor Nevin Uras‐Aytemiz, of Karabuk University, Turkey. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Paul Devlin
High Efficiency Flexible Dilute Nitrides Solar Cells for Space Applications Description of Research: Photovoltaics play a critical role in power generation in space with several generations of solar cell technology developed since the first space missions in the 1950’s. While silicon single‐junction solar cells are still used in some cases, such as on the international space station, most applications use the state‐of‐the‐art technology, III‐V multi‐ junction solar cells (MJSCs). Satellites and CubeSAT systems require solar cells that are resistant to high proton irradiation, function at extreme temperatures, and have a lower specific power (W/kg), to lighten the payload. Some important applications rely even more on having solar cells with a high efficiency. In deeper space missions, for example, solar cells must operate in a low‐intensity low‐temperature environment (LILT). Arrays for solar electric propulsion (SEP) also require very high efficiency solar cells that are reliable, resistance to the specific environment, and have potential for roll‐out deployment. Deployment cost would ultimately benefit from high efficiency cells through a lower specific power and lighter payload. For these more demanding missions, concentrator‐PV (CPV) systems that incorporate lenses to increase the light intensity on MJSCs are considered the most practical option. However, the efficiency of the solar cell must be further improved (current state‐of‐the art space cells operate at 27%) and the tolerance of such systems to the specific mission environment must be rigorously evaluated. In this program we focus on the development of next generation MJSCs based on hydrogen‐passivated dilute nitride semiconductors, which have the potential to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to > 39% under AM0 space conditions. Sponsors: National Aeronautics and Space Administration PIs: Nicholas Materer University of Oklahoma: Ian R. Sellers
Proof of Concept to Prototype for Novel Electrically Conductive Fibers for Wearable Electronics The technology described the preparation of a sensor prototype for biological electrochemical stimulations. Sponsors: Technology Business Development Program PI: Toby Nelson
Detection and Recognition of Airborne Chemicals Onboard (DRACO) a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (SUAS) This project focuses on the development a small unmanned air system capable of operating in confined spaces while detecting and recognizing airborne chemical compounds. All the obstacle avoidance, flight control, chemical detection, and chemical recognition are done onboard the small unmanned vehicle, in real‐time, providing rapid feedback to the operator. The Detection and Recognition of Airborne Chemicals Onboard (DRACO) a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (SUAS) will provide first responders the ability quickly determine potential hazards, facility information, and items of interest using its onboard suite of sensors from a safe standoff distance. Sponsors: United States Air Force PI: Toby Nelson
Chemical Sensing: Linking sequence, mechanisms and inhibition Lepidopteran moths use insoluble fatty acid derivatives as sex odor for communication between sexes within the same species leading to mating. The project goal is to understand the structural mechanism underlying the perception of the female secreted sex odors/pheromones by the Lepidopteran male moths, Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis. Molecular Biology, biochemistry, computational chemistry, as well as various biophysical techniques, such as circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectroscopy, small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and high‐resolution solution NMR spectroscopy, will be used to build a model of PBP‐pheromone complex of the two Ostrinia species. Since designing an inhibitor to irreversibly block the pheromone transport requires the three‐dimensional (3D) atomic resolution structure of the binding protein, we propose a detailed analysis of PBP and its complex with pheromone. Our long‐term goal is to understand the detailed structural and functional significance of these proteins both in vitro and in vivo in pheromone signal activation with a goal for the development of innovative and environmentally‐sound inhibitors/pheromone mimetics to manage these agriculturally‐important plant pests. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Smita Mohanty
REU Site: An Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research Experience in Chemistry at Oklahoma State University The major goal of this project is to provide Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) in Chemistry at Oklahoma State University. The objective is to immerse students in a stimulating interdisciplinary research program that enables them to pursue a personalized research project. The ability to bring undergraduate students from primarily non‐doctoral universities to a comprehensive research university is a unique advantage of the REU program. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Smita Mohanty
MRI: Acquisition of the First 800 MHz NMR Spectrometer with a Cryogenically Cooled Probe in the State of Oklahoma for Interdisciplinary Research and Training This award provided funds to purchase an 800 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a cryo‐ probe with state‐of‐the‐art capabilities. NMR, or nuclear magnetic resonance, is a technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei to determine the structure of molecules and to probe their internal motions (dynamics). Currently, the highest‐field instrument in the facility is a 21‐year‐old Varian 600 MHz. This is the only high field instrument available for biomolecular NMR in the State. This instrument cannot provide useful data on routine/advanced 3‐or 4‐ dimensional NMR experiments, which are necessary for structure‐function studies of large molecular complexes, such as membrane proteins (MPs) solubilized in detergent micelles/mixed lipids or large globular proteins or nucleic acids and their complexes. Large macromolecules exhibit slow molecular tumbling that results in fast transverse relaxation leading to increased line widths and reduced sensitivity. A higher magnetic field with a cryogenically cooled probe (with modern electronics), in conjunction with TROSY version of experiments for large biomolecules (such as membrane proteins embedded in micelles or bicelles or nanodiscs), would increase the sensitivity by a factor of at least four and would reduce the data collection time by a factor of 16. The concentration of samples analyzed would be in low micromolar range (as opposed to millimolar range for current instrument) allowing the structural characterization of macromolecules that are notoriously difficult to produce in milligram quantities. The aging Varian instrument has served its useful life for the NMR community in Oklahoma and the surrounding region. Unfortunately, at present, this instrument is the only high‐field magnet (> 500 MHz) available in Oklahoma for solution‐state biomolecular NMR. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Smita Mohanty, Jimmie Weaver
CAREER: Unraveling the Cluster Chemistry of Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanoparticles Binary chalcogenides are some of the most well studied nanomaterials due to their applications as light emitting diodes, biolabels, catalysts, and as electro‐optical and medical devices. Synthetic strategies with remarkable control over the composition, size, and morphology have been achieved and‐with this‐ exquisite control over the resulting properties. The composition, size, shape, and the crystalline phase of the nanoparticles are interdependent, however, and the underlying synthetic mechanisms driving the outcomes of these parameters are not always clear. Obtaining control over these variables at the molecular level, therefore, continues to be one of the main challenges in the field. In this NSF CAREER proposal, the PI seeks to generate fundamental knowledge on the role of intermediates, such as chalcogen ionic clusters, and their effect on the composition, size, shape, and crystal structure of the resulting chalcogenide nanocrystals in solution. Low‐temperature solution methods are known to form the Wurtzite and Zinc Blende polymorphs, but little is known about how the structure of the intermediates directs the formation of the polymorph. The PI proposes to determine the role of catenation and formation of ionic chalcogen clusters as structural intermediates in the formation of the Wurtzite versus Zinc Blende crystal structures. Additionally, the robustness of the chalcogen lattice makes post‐synthetic modification of the composition of chalcogenide nanomaterials possible through anion and cation exchange reactions. Cation exchange reactions have been + explored in CdSe, where reacting with Ag results in Ag2Se. Anion exchange reactions, however, have not been explored to the same degree. The PI will use hard‐soft acid base theory to determine the anion exchange capabilities of binary chalcogenide semiconductors. It is expected that these materials will be able to undergo a complete compositional transformation with morphological retention if cation and anion exchange reactions can be done sequentially. Finally, because of their stability, chalcogen clusters can be utilized as templates to generate more complex materials in such as chalcophosphates. The PI will explore the post‐modification of chalcogenide nanoparticles as templates to synthesize complex nanoscale chalcophosphates. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Yolanda Vasquez
MRI: Acquisition of a High‐Resolution Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) for the Advancement of Materials and Biological Research at Oklahoma State University An award is made to the Oklahoma State University (OSU) to acquire a confocal laser scanning microscope. The instrument will provide advanced imaging capabilities to support research from faculty, postdoctoral researchers, graduate students and undergraduate students in over 10 departments from OSU Stillwater campus, Tulsa campus, and other institutes in Oklahoma. The proposed microscope will become part of the array of equipment that the OSU Microscopy Lab uses for public outreach and engagement, including STEM education at the K‐12 level. This project is also embedded in the OSU research mission and provides support and training opportunities to students from groups that are traditionally underrepresented in the sciences. This project will have an immediate impact on 62 individuals from underrepresented groups. Acquisition of this instrument will not only impact research and research training but will also play an important role in development of a diverse, globally competitive STEM workforce by advancing research at OSU and assisting in the recruitment of underrepresented minority students. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Yolanda Vasquez College of Engineering: Josh Ramsey, Heather College of Veterinary Medicine: Shitao Li
Fluor Mop‐for Selective Cleanup of PFOA and PFAS from Groundwater This project aims to develop material that can selectively bind fluorinated contaminants via surface modification of a proprietary material. Specifically, the project will focus on the removal of perfluoocatnoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) which have been widely used for numerous purposes given their unique physical properties. The molecules tend to be both water, oil, and dirt‐repellant, and fire‐retardant among many things. As such, these molecules were applied in many commercial applications, including both non‐stick cookware and fire suppressing aqueous film forming foams. Unfortunately, little foresight was given to the fact that these same properties make these chemicals persistent in the environment. Recently, they have been linked to numerous health issues. Weaver Labs has developed a Fluor‐Mop material that is selective for PFOS and PFOA even in the presence of naturally occurring obscurant compounds which are in higher concentrations in the environment relative to PFOS/PFOA typically and competitively bind to materials like activated carbon the current material of choice for adsorption. Sponsors: United States Air Force (STTR with Weaver Labs) PI: Jimmie Weaver
The Development of Novel C–F Functionalization Reactions for Access to Multifluorinated Arenes and the Development of Novel Selective Dicot Herbicide This project follows two plans that will synergistically elevate the field of agrochemistry in the US. The first is focused on the development of novel C–F fragmentation reactions. Organofluorines make up at least 25% of all agrochemicals and yet their synthesis represents a poorly solved problem. Arguably, C–F functionalization of multifluorinated arenes is an attractive approach, since the difficult to install C–F bond, is already installed. However, C–F functionalization is still a fledgling strategy. In 2014, we introduced the photocatalytic hydrodefluorination reaction and subsequently photocatalytic C–F functionalizations. While these are powerful transformations, the C–F fragmentation selectivity is electronically controlled by the substrate. In this proposal, we outline plans to develop mechanistically novel strategies that give alternative selectivity. Achieving this objective, will significantly advance the field of C–F functionalization, which is central to agrochemistry, by extending the types of accessible motifs and decreasing the synthetic effort required to synthesize fluoroarenes. Auxin mimic herbicides are being actively studied by major agrochemical companies. The second objective surrounds the development of a novel selective dicot herbicide discovered by our group as a direct result of our efforts to access new fluorinated chemical space. Sponsors: American Chemical Society‐Frasch Foundation PI: Jimmie Weaver
Photocatalytic C‐F Functionalization; Transforming Perfluoroarenes from Inert Molecules to Synthetic Lynchpins Perfluoroarenes are commercially available molecules derived from petroleum feedstocks which have relatively few synthetic applications despite the fact that multiply fluorinated arenes are an extremely important class of molecules for numerous applications. While there is significant interest in these fluorinated fine chemicals the number of corresponding synthetic methods has lagged behind. This proposal seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of direct functionalization of the C–F bond triggered by a catalytic photoinduced electron transfer which generates a fluoroaryl radical. In addition, this proposal seeks to investigate the subtle feature that result in mechanistic changes and ultimately lead to different products. This work is expected to result in highly valuable new transformations that allow facile access to compounds which were previously difficult, or impossible, to synthesize. It is also expected that, this work will generate the fundamental knowledge that will lead to a paradigm shift in the way chemists think about the C–F bond, allowing the chemistry to expand beyond our own efforts. Specifically, we will challenge the dogma of the inertness of C–F bonds by demonstrating that fluorinated arenes with C–F bonds should viewed as excellent coupling partners. Sponsors: American Chemical Society‐Petroleum Research Fund PI: Jimmie Weaver
CAREER: Cross‐Couplings Made Easy By One Electron Addition In this research, new methods will be developed for the photochemical synthesis of alkylated, arylated, and alkenylated arenes, heteroarenes and polyfluorinated arenes by formation of strategic carbon‐carbon bonds. Changes to the leaving group, the electronic structure of the arene, and the photocatalyst all factor into the nature of the observed reaction. A variety of mechanistically distinct reactions will be developed. This research will facilitate: 1) the design of safer reactions that do not involve highly reactive chemicals, 2) the use of less expensive chemical processes for which no prefunctionalization is needed, and 3) the development of reactions with high chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Jimmie Weaver
Synthesis of Multiply Fluorinated Aromatics Multiply fluorinated arenes are an extremely important motif for current and future pharmaceuticals. Currently, this is a very difficult type of structure to access. Completion of this proposal will significantly improve our ability to access these molecules. We have shown that photocatalysis has the ability to fragment the strong C–F bond. This proposal will address this problem simultaneously from three directions, namely by the development of photocatalytic and non‐photocatalytic C–F functionalization reactions and by photocatalyst development for more sophisticated C–F functionalization reactions. Sponsors: National Institute of Health PI: Jimmie Weaver
Long‐Chain Linear Oligogermanes and Polygermanes with Tunable Optical and Electronic Properties: Steps Toward the Design of Tailored Molecular Electronics Oligogermanes are of interest due to their inherent σ‐delocalization that results in interesting optical and electronic properties that can be tuned by varying their composition. We developed a method for the rational synthesis of these molecules using the hydrogermolysis reaction and have prepared a wide variety of oligogermanes. We endeavor to synthesize a diverse array of long‐chain linear oligogermanes in order to ascertain if these new molecules will exhibit useful optical and conductive attributes akin to their polygermane analogues. We have found that long‐chain oligogermanes exhibit polychroic, thermochromic, and fluorescent properties and these attributes will be investigated and correlated with the composition of the molecules. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Scott Weinert
COMMUNICATION SCIENCES AND DISORDERS
Talker Variability in Spoken Language Comprehension The effect of talker variability on spoken word recognition is investigated in real‐time processing of speech by hearing‐impaired listeners with Mandarin Chinese as their native tongue. Sponsors: College of Arts and Sciences PI: Yu Zhang
Salience of cochlear implant users’ speech rate With speech rate‐matching, speakers naturally adapt their speech rates toward their interlocutor’s. Little is known about interactions between typical speakers and those with speech or hearing difficulties, like deaf cochlear implant (CI) users. The present study explores a possible explanation for why people did not rate‐match to either CI users or controls in a prior study: that differences in speech rate were not salient enough for participants to modify their own rates in response. Results will show whether participants can identify differences in speech rate or improve in speech rate‐matching after speech rate is brought to their attention. Sponsors: College of Arts and Sciences Fall Travel Award PI: Valerie Freeman
Deaf Experience, Deaf Expression This project will create an audio‐video collection of interviews about the social and communicative experiences of people with hearing loss, including cochlear implant users and hearing aid users, with both early and age‐related hearing loss, and those who use sign language. The corpus will be suitable for communication research, regional sign language documentation, and public engagement on hearing loss and Deaf culture. I plan to seek additional external funding to support student assistants, consultants on the creation of oral/video history projects, and public archiving through the university’s library website. Sponsors: American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association Pathways Program PI: Valerie Freeman
Stillwater CANE Project (Communication, Arts, Nutrition, Exercise) for People with Parkinson Disease The Stillwater CANe (Communication, Arts, Nutrition, Exercise) Project is a community‐based free multidisciplinary program for people with Parkinson disease (PD) or other forms of PD and their family members living in Stillwater and neighboring areas. Keeping in mind the multimodality nature of PD, the program includes four different components of intervention‐ physical exercise, speech and communication, diet and nutrition, and arts. Any person with a diagnosis of PD or PD‐plus conditions is eligible to participate in these groups. The proposed project is unique as it involves collaboration between departments of Oklahoma State University (OSU) and the local Stillwater community. Sponsors: Community Grants Program of Parkinson's Foundation PIs: Sabiha Parveen College of Education, Aviation & Health: Michelle Bateman, Tim Passmore College of Human Sciences: Gena Wollenberg
ENGLISH
Kairotic Publics: The Places and Spaces of Performing Activism In the Western rhetorical tradition, one of the main rhetorical devices—kairos—has been defined as the right timing. Although this concept and definition is fruitful, it focuses on the temporal of rhetorical acts rather than on the spatial dimensions and influences. Scholars would better understand rhetoric if kairos were conceptualized as a spacetime device, one in which the spatial features have equal value and contributions as the temporal to rhetorical acts and situations. The presenter discusses two activist movements as a way to show the importance of kairos as an embodied place‐based and spatial rhetoric that addresses social injustices. Sponsors: College of Arts and Sciences PI: Phil Bratta
Our Body of Work: Embodied Writing Program Administration and Instruction This research examines embodied writing program administration through research stories and explores theoretical embodied concepts to the everyday work of writing program administration. Sponsors: College of Arts & Sciences PIs: Anna Sicari Washington State University: Melissa Nicolas
GEOGRAPHY
Data Complexity and Spatial Scaling: Prediction Accuracy and Implications for Emerging Landscape Paradigms (FY 2016‐2018) This research investigates the impacts of heterogeneity and data loss on scaling across geographic contexts. By drawing on recent parallel advancements in remote sensing and landscape ecology, which alter the way in which heterogeneity is captured and conceptualized, this research will enhance fundamental theory in geography and spatial science surrounding biases associated with the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Characterizing this bias prior to analysis will allow researchers to more reliably determine scaling relationships across landscapes and advance a theory of spatial scaling. Sponsors: National Science Foundation ‐ Geography and Spatial Sciences (GSS) and Methodology, Measurement, and Statistics (MMS) PIs: Amy Frazier, Peter Kedron
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Spatial Structure of Turbulent Flows in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer This research will contribute to a better understanding of small‐scale turbulence in the ABL, which is of critical importance in meteorology, by analyzing the scales at which these variables are spatially similar (autocorrelated). Building on theories of small scale turbulence along with established spatial analytical methods from geography and the spatial sciences, this research will develop the spatial sampling strategies needed for efficient and effective sampling of scaler variables in the ABL and develop analytical methods for uncovering the processes impacting weather development. Specifically, this research will: 1) determine the optimal sampling scales for thermodynamic variables captured with sUAS in the ABL using variogram analysis, 2) investigate the universality of parameters commonly used to identify the size and shape of turbulent structures across a variety of landscape types and atmospheric conditions, and 3) share real time data and research findings with meteorologists at the NWS Tulsa office to aid in forecasting and numerical weather prediction. Sampling will be conducted in Oklahoma, a region of the country that frequently experiences severe local storms including tornadoes. The Oklahoma Mesonet is a network of 120 automated meteorological and weather stations that will be used for sensor calibration and validation purposes. The Mesonet sites are distributed across the state in a variety of climate zones and ecoregions. Data collection will be targeted during times of the year when storms are likely, such as spring, to ensure diverse meteorological conditions are captured. Sponsors: National Science Foundation – Geography and Spatial Science (GSS) PIs: Amy Frazier, Brian Elbing, Benjamin Hemingway
EPSCoR RII‐2 FEC: CLOUD‐MAP (Collaborative Leading Operational UAS Development for Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics) (FY 2015‐2019) The aim of this project is to develop capabilities that will allow meteorologists and atmospheric scientists to use unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) as a common, useful everyday tool. UAS are well suited for the lower atmosphere, namely the lower boundary layer that has a large impact on the atmosphere and where many weather phenomena begin. Due to the boundary layer’s proximity to the ground and its transient nature, current technologies including manned aircraft, weather balloons, and radar have severe limitations in providing detailed measurements. The data collected by unmanned platforms will be used to improve our understanding and develop more accurate forecasting models. Partners include 4 PIs and 12 Co‐PIs from Oklahoma State University, the Univ. of Oklahoma, the Univ. of Kentucky, and the Univ. of Nebraska along with collaborators from industry and government. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Jamey Jacob, Amy Frazier
EPSCoR RII (OIA‐1301789): Adapting Socio‐Ecological Systems to Increased Climate Variability (FY 2013‐2019) The aim of this project is establish a first‐of‐its‐kind, statewide, socio‐ecological observatory network that is designed to provide a systems‐level understanding of coupled human and natural system under a variable climate. Building on that observatory the grant aims to develop a fully integrated socio‐ecological modeling and prediction capabilities that integrate qualitative and quantitative approaches from across disciplinary boundaries. That integrated modeling will inform a decision‐support system that provides researchers, educators, and practitioners with data and modeling tools necessary to explore alternative management scenarios and their socio‐ecological impacts. Partners include Oklahoma State University, the Univ. of Oklahoma, The University of Tulsa, Langston University, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, and the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation among many others. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Ray Huhnke, Alicia Knoedler
An Analysis of Innovation and Performance in US Biofuel Firms: Implications for the Biofuel Technological Innovation System (FY2013‐2018) The project focuses on an analysis of the evolution of the biofuel technological innovation system within the United States, with emphasis on both first‐ and second‐generation biofuels. The investigators will analyze firm performance and the role of the producer within the U.S. biomass‐based biofuel technological innovation system. They will focus on analysis of answers to two specific sets of questions: 1) What internal and external factors determine innovation and business performance in biofuel firms, and to what extent do biofuel firms depend on local policy and partners to improve performance? 2) How do adjustments in firm‐level processes affect system‐wide functions, and how do firms shape and reshape the overall environment of biofuel innovation and production? Sponsors: National Science Foundation ‐ Geography and Spatial Sciences (GSS) PIs: Sharmistha Bagchi‐Sen, Peter Kedron
AAPG‐OSU Digitization Program (FY 09‐19) This project is a continuation of a series of projects that involve converting analog maps and atlases to a variety digital products for the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. These newly created digital data sets are made available to the organization’s members throughout the world. Sponsors: American Association of Petroleum Geologists PIs: Dale Lightfoot, Michael Larson
Geological Highway Map Series – Northern Great Plains (FY 15‐18) The Geological Highway Map of the Northern Great Plains region was published by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in 1984. This project involves updating the original map and preparing a new layout for printing as well as creating a separate GIS product. This will entail scanning, georeferencing, and digitizing all individual and inset maps, as well as populating attribute tables for each. The project will also digitize associated charts and cross‐ sections that go with the maps. Sponsors: American Association of Petroleum Geologists PIs: Michael Larson, Clay Barrett
Geological Highway Map Series – Northern Rocky Mountains (FY 16‐18) The Geological Highway Map of the Northern Rocky Mountain region was published by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in 1972. This project involves updating the original map and preparing a new layout for printing as well as creating a separate GIS product. This will entail scanning, georeferencing, and digitizing all individual and inset maps, as well as populating attribute tables for each. The project will also digitize associated charts and cross‐ sections that go with the maps. Sponsors: American Association of Petroleum Geologists PIs: Michael Larson, Clay Barrett
Geological Highway Map Series – Pacific Northwest (FY 17‐18) The Geological Highway Map of the Pacific Northwest region was published by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in 1973. This project involves updating the original map and preparing a new layout for printing as well as creating a separate GIS product. This will entail scanning, georeferencing, and digitizing all individual and inset maps, as well as populating attribute tables for each. The project will also digitize associated charts and cross‐ sections that go with the maps. Sponsors: American Association of Petroleum Geologists PIs: Michael Larson, Clay Barrett
Geological Highway Map Series – Southern Rocky Mountains (FY 17‐18) The Geological Highway Map of the Southern Rocky Mountain region was published by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in 1990. This project seeks to convert three maps created during the Southern Rocky Mountain Region Update into a GIS format. Sponsors: American Association of Petroleum Geologists PIs: Michael Larson, Clay Barrett FY17‐18 Oklahoma Landmarks Inventory and National Register Website This project is a continuation of support for storing, maintaining, and updating, via computerization, the Oklahoma Landmarks Inventory (OLI) database and Oklahoma’s National Register of Historic Places website. The information about the state’s historic buildings, districts, structures, sites, and objects will be accessible to its many users. Work will continue on removing erroneous and duplicate records in OLI 6‐10 additional counties beyond the 15+ that have already been completed. Software upgrades will be undertaken during this period as well, including additional import functions for adding records to the OLI database and interface upgrades to allow for an improved user experience. Sponsors: Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma State University PIs: Allen Finchum, Michael Larson
FY18‐19 Oklahoma Landmarks Inventory and National Register Website This project is a continuation of support for storing, maintaining, and updating, via computerization, the Oklahoma Landmarks Inventory (OLI) database and Oklahoma’s National Register of Historic Places website. The information about the state’s historic buildings, districts, structures, sites, and objects will be accessible to its many users. Work will continue on removing erroneous and duplicate records in OLI 8‐12 additional counties beyond the 15+ that have already been completed. Software upgrades and new development include improvements to processing for historic bridges and updates portable database for SHPO contractors to use during survey work. The new portable database will also allow for direct import of survey records to the online database. In addition, continuing user interface changes to improve the experience and usability of the online system. Also, development of a new automated process to detect record duplication was initiated. Sponsors: Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma State University PIs: Allen Finchum, Michael Larson
FY 2018 RMP‐GIS Project The funding supports ongoing collaboration with Oklahoma State Parks. Project personnel support the statewide dissemination of digital map data to State Park Managers and other personnel by way of a web map viewer. The project involves the collection of geographic data (with GPS, digital cameras, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc.) at Oklahoma State Parks, integration of the collected data into the current geographic database, carrying out of map analyses within specific parks, and execution of additional small research projects as necessary. Further, the project creates and edits comprehensive written Resource Management Plans (documents) for one or more designated State Parks annually. Sponsors: Oklahoma State Parks, Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department PI: Adam Mathews
FY 2019 RMP‐GIS Project The funding supports ongoing collaboration with Oklahoma State Parks. Project personnel support the statewide dissemination of digital map data to State Park Managers and other personnel by way of a web map viewer. The project involves the collection of geographic data (with GPS, digital cameras, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc.) at Oklahoma State Parks, integration of the collected data into the current geographic database, carrying out of map analyses within specific parks, and execution of additional small research projects as necessary. Further, the project creates and edits comprehensive written Resource Management Plans (documents) for one or more designated State Parks annually. Sponsors: Oklahoma State Parks, Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department PIs: Alyson Greiner, Michael Larson
Imprisoned Women Making Meaning in the Spaces of Incarceration: The Poetic Justice Program in Oklahoma’s Mabel Bassett Correctional Center This research explores the lives of incarcerated women, who participate in the Poetic Justice program, which relies on literature and writing to empower women. It examines how incarcerated women relate to the spaces within and the place of Mabel Bassett during and after their participation in the program. It relies on a geohumanities approach, emphasizing the centrality of space and place in understanding the human experience. Data from semi‐ structured interviews and participant observation in Poetic Justice classes are analyzed to understand how this program impacts incarcerated women’s lives at the Mabel Basset Correctional Center in McCloud, OK. Sponsors: Oklahoma Humanities, Oklahoma State University PI: Rebecca Sheehan
Kazakhstan at the Crossroads: Identifying the Contours of Religiosity and Identity in Islamic Context. Phase Two‐‐Follow‐up surveys, interviews, focus groups An analysis of Islamic religiosity in Kazakhstan contributes to understanding the process of national identity formation, and to the nature of the society it will engender. The central questions explored by this research are: almost twenty years after independence, does a separate ethnonationalism, marked by variegations in religiosity persist among Kazakh youth, in the face of efforts by the Kazakh regime to forge a universal, non‐ethnic “Kazakhstani” identity? In addition, assuming that there is some spatial variation regarding the character of religiosity among this population, can some of the contours of such variation be identified using data collected from a select cohort, i.e., university students? The study focuses on identifying and describing the ethno‐religious landscape among youth (primarily students in institutions of higher education) by gauging attitudes and opinions relevant to self identification as well as perceptions of other ethnic groups. Sponsors: Arts and Sciences Dean's Office PI: Reuel R. Hanks
Participatory Approaches to Agroecosystem Resilience in Times of Drought (ARID): An Example from the Southern Great Plains FY2018‐2023 Persistent drought, dwindling groundwater resources, and climate variability in western agroecosystems require anticipatory management. Developing short and long‐term management strategies that are proactive rather than reactive are essential for maintaining ecological, social, and economic resilience. Using quantitative land‐use and land‐cover analyses in the Southern Great Plains in conjunction with qualitative key‐informant interviews and household surveys of residents across three counties (Union County, NM, Cimarron County, OK, and Las Animas, CO), we will identify how individuals make land and groundwater management decisions. Based on the premise that sustainable management solutions are more effectively developed and more likely adopted using participatory approaches including citizen science, our research and extension teams will foster the co‐production of knowledge and disseminate this information in formal and informal programs and educational materials. Sponsors: USDA‐NIFA‐AFRI PIs: Amy Ganguli, Jacqueline Vadjunec, Amy Frazier, Peter Kedron Oklahoma Biological Survey: Todd Fagin New Mexico State University: David DuBois, Rossana Sallenave
Qanats of Bavaria‐Bohemia: History and Ecology of Historic Water Technology Qanats are often found in drylands of the eastern hemisphere but have been constructed in parts of Europe since the 8th century BCE by Etruscans, Greeks, Romans, and Arab peoples around the Mediterranean periphery and Romanized locales in Western Europe. Qanats in the border region between southern Germany and the Czech Republic appear enigmatic because they are (1) found outside of the dryland or summer dry areas commonly associated with qanats, (2) excavated in igneous and metamorphic rock, a geology avoided by qanat builders elsewhere, and (3) not associated with a group that constructed qanats elsewhere. More than 80 qanats in Bavaria and 60 in Bohemia have been found, all constructed and used by Germans over the past 300 years. More than a dozen were still used in 2018 to augment town and farm water supplies. Sponsors: College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University PI: Dale Lightfoot
GEOLOGY
Using cutting edge technologies to analyze the morphology and geochemistry of foraminifera for comprehensive oxygen proxy development Marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles have been and will be drastically impacted by deoxygenation events. Models to understand and predict future marine deoxygenation require an accurate record of the geologic history of oxygen changes in the deep ocean. Changes in morphologic characteristics of foraminifera (single‐celled organisms that have a good fossil record) have been shown to be related to changes in available oxygen in marine environments. Our working group has recently demonstrated the strong potential in combining foraminiferal pore morphology, I/Ca, and benthic foraminiferal carbon isotope gradient (Δδ13C), as a semi‐ quantitative proxy of bottom‐water oxygenation. However, due to variable foraminiferal species morphologies and a lack of understanding of foraminiferal pore functionality, detailed morphological work is necessary to fully understand and properly apply the proxy. Comparisons foraminiferal morphology, I/Ca and Δδ13C will facilitate a comprehensive approach to evaluating the history of bottom‐water deoxygenation. Using cutting edge technologies, including MicroCT scanning and subsequent destructive analysis, provides a means to evaluate morphology and geochemistry, ultrastructural, or DNA analyses from the same individual, with the added benefit of completing unanticipated analyses after test destruction. This method is more comprehensive, can be completed with fewer samples, and is not constrained by past methodologies facilitating future unanticipated techniques. Development of an oxygenation proxy is crucial in our understanding and interpretation of ocean environments. Our methodology holds great promise and this project seeks to fill gaps in the preliminary results for creating a powerful paleo‐oxygen proxy. Sponsors: Storrs Cole Memorial Research Award, Geological Society of America PI: Ashley Burkett
Collaborative Research: Interpreting the Record of Antarctic Sediment Influenced by Metal‐ Rich Deep‐Sea Hydrothermal Deposits from Their Accumulation through Early Diagenesis and Burial The release of specific heavy metals from hydrothermal vents into the water column can impact the surrounding faunal composition, microbial processes, and potentially overprint geochemical signals recorded in the nearby deposited sediments. The main goal of this research project was to collect and secure samples during a sea‐going expedition to the Antarctic region on the research vessel R/V Polarstern and identify the impact of hydrothermal fluids on the sedimentary. The collected samples are the foundation for further research projects that are planned to advance our knowledge on how hydrothermal vents impact the surrounding biological and geochemical environments. Sponsors: National Science Foundation (NSF) – Ocean Sciences (OCE) PI: Natascha Riedinger
Investigating the nitrogen cycle and paleoenvironmental conditions during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events and the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum at Mentelle Basin (Expedition 369) The goal is to characterize the nitrogen cycle and paleoenvironmental deep water redox state at Mentelle Basin (Southern Ocean) through four distinct events: Ocean Anoxic Event (OAE) 2, OAE1d, the Cretaceous‐Paleogene mass extinction, and the Mid‐Eocene Climate Optimum using sediment records obtained by International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 369. A multi‐ proxy approach will be used to establish event duration and intensity, determine changes in water column redox conditions, characterize redox‐driven variations in carbon and nitrogen cycles, and compare these records between Sites across the Basin and with prior data. Sponsors: U.S. Science Support Program/International Ocean Discovery Program PI: Tracy Quan
SECARB Offshore: Evolution of a Gas Hydrate‐Bearing System and its Temporal and Spatial response to Natural Perturbations: Woolsey Mound, Gulf of Mexico This study on the evolution of a gas hydrate‐bearing system and its temporal and spatial response to natural perturbations is focused around the Woolsey Mound in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Woolsey Mound is a cold seep hydrate system (CSHS) where hydrocarbon fluids (mainly methane gas) are transferred from the lithosphere into the hydrosphere, accounting for the major source of hydrocarbons in seawaters. Results will provide fundamental numerical parameters of the development and evolution of a gas hydrate‐bearing system and its response to natural perturbations over a time window comparable to human scale processes. This analysis is relevant to risk assessment in connection with offshore infrastructure related to petroleum extraction activities and carbon sequestration. Sponsors: Department of Energy PIs: Camelia Knapp, James Knapp
Southeastern Offshore Storage Assessment Partnership (SOSRA) The Southeast Offshore Storage Resource Assessment (SOSRA): project assesses prospective geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO2) in the State and Federal waters of the Mid‐ Atlantic, South Atlantic, and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The goal of the project is to develop a high‐level approximation of the amount of CO2 that might be stored utilizing key geologic and environmental factors that influence the carbon storage potential. A diverse suite of data analysis techniques will be used, designed to ensure that a high quality assessment is performed that can meet the goal of predicting storage capacity to within ±30 percent. Utilizing existing geologic and geophysical data such as seismic reflection surveys, geophysical well logs, and supporting reservoir data (pressure, temperature, etc.), the size and geology of the prospective storage resources, including areal extent, thickness, and physical properties such as porosity and permeability, will be defined. Sponsors: Department of Energy PIs: Camelia Knapp, James Knapp
Beneficial use of produced water to convert crude oil to methane gas in depleted oil reservoirs This research project is to prove the feasibility of enhancing the recovery of residual crude oil from depleted oil reservoirs by stimulating the in‐situ microbial conversion of crude oil and carbon dioxide to methane gas. The proposed method consists of the alternate injection of produced water supplied with protein‐rich matter and carbon dioxide emitted from power plants. This research will lead to the establishment of a new way to make a beneficial use of not only petroleum produced water, but also carbon dioxide emitted from power plants in Oklahoma. Sponsors: Oklahoma Water Resources Center PIs: Javier Vilcáez, Babak Shabani, Mostafa Elshahed
Electrical Resistivity Imaging of Problematic Drilling Areas Fluid losses while drilling are highly costly for the petroleum industry. In an area where fluid losses have generated significant costs, electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) was tested to determine if it can allow the loss zones to be evaluated and avoided for future drilling locations. This project integrated ERI data with geologic mapping and drilling data to develop a method to detect and avoid fluid loss zones in the first 1000 feet of drilling. Sponsors: Apache Corporation PI: Todd Halihan
Influence of Preferrential Flow on Coupled Colloid, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous Transport through Riparian Buffers Riparian buffers are key for managing agricultural lands near surface water bodies. In these locations transport through the systems are commonly controlled by macropores generated by burrows, decaying roots, or other processes. The objective for the OSU portion of the project was to determine if we could image the flow processes at the lab and field scale using electrical resistivity imaging. Sponsors: USDA NIFA PI: Todd Halihan
NSF Student Travel Grant The Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), led by its Near‐Surface Geophysics Technical Section (NSTS), is organizing a Forum at the Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, from 24 – 26th August 2018 to engage engineers and geoscientists in round‐table type discussions on key issues related to infrastructure resiliency in the face of induced seismicity ground motions. This proposal will fund undergraduate and graduate students in geoscience and engineering to take an active role in understanding these problems, and potential solutions. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Priyank Jaiswal
Element: Data: Enabling Data Interoperability for NSF Archives of High‐Rate Real‐Time GPS and Seismic Observations of Induced Earthquakes and Structural Damage Detection in OK This proposal addresses two challenges that limit the joint exploitation of real‐time GPS and seismic data by the geoscience and engineering communities: 1) assuring gap‐free archive quality transmission of real‐time data streams from remote stations to the final community archive, and 2) producing precise GPS displacement time series that can be incorporated into the community seismology archive. The problem takes on a new significance today because of the recent breakthroughs in real‐time GPS data analysis as applied to earthquake early warning, tsunami warning, and structural monitoring, and the increase in GPS data rates required for these new applications. The project builds on existing recognized capabilities by adding modules to the existing Antelope Environmental Monitoring System and leverages the existing NSF investment in existing seismic data feeds to community archives. These new modules will handle data streams in a manner that is independent of the content and formats of the environmental sensor measurements. Creating these missing links will have a great impact on interoperability among the geodesy, seismology, and earthquake engineering research communities. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Priyank Jaiswal
SECARB Offshore Partnership This research focuses on assessment of the stratigraphy, sedimentology, and structure of the central and eastern Gulf of Mexico to understand and quantify the potential for geologic CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery. The focus area is the continental shelf and the deep‐water oil reservoirs of the Mississippi Fan complex. This project is developing new concepts on offshore exploration and development in salt tectonic settings, including the development of subsalt CO2 storage. The multi‐year project includes 1 faculty member and 2 Ph.D. students. This four year project is funded for 5 years (2018‐2022) at a level of $672,480. Sponsors: U.S. Department of Energy, Southern States Energy Board PI: J. Pashin
Southeastern Offshore Storage Resource Assessment: Eastern Gulf of Mexico This research focuses on analyzing the geology and geologic CO2 storage capacity of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Key target areas include the DeSoto Canyon Salt Basin and the West Florida Platform. Research includes reservoir geometry, storage capacity, and the integrity of reservoirs, faults, and seals and has resulted in a range of new exploration and development concepts for offshore geologic CO2 storage. This project includes 1 faculty member and 3 graduate students. The project was funded for 4 years (2015‐2019) with total support of $1,070,026. Sponsors: U.S. Department of Energy, Southern States Energy Board PI: J. Pashin
Establishing an Early CO2 Storage Complex in Kemper County, Mississippi: Project ECO2S This project included the drilling and characterization of three exploratory wells at Plant Ratcliffe, which is a next‐generation coal gasification plant in east‐central Mississippi. This project is establishing a world‐class CO2 storage complex with reservoirs having about 30% porosity and up to 16 Darcies of permeability at depths between 3,000 and 5,500 feet. Support is provided for 1 faculty member and 3 M.S. students. This is a 3 ‐year project (2017‐2019) with total support of $250,000. Sponsors: U.S. Department of Energy, Southern States Energy Board PI: J. Pashin
HISTORY
The Garden of the Reasonable: Inter‐Religious Collaboration and Competition in Late Medieval “Islamic” Medicine Non‐Muslim translators contributed to the transfer of ancient Greek medical knowledge to early Muslims, and from them to medieval Europeans. Medical training and practice in the Middle East continued to cross religious boundaries throughout the medieval period. This conference presentation uses late medieval texts in Syriac, Arabic, and Armenian to demonstrate the full participation of non‐Muslim physicians, into the 1400s CE, in the often grudging collaborations which we today call “Islamic” medicine. Sponsors: Department of History PI: Thomas A. Carlson
For Whom the Bell Tolls: Middle Eastern Christians and the So‐Called “Counter‐Crusade” in Edessa, 1144 CE The Turkish general Zangi started the Muslim “Counter‐Crusade” against Crusader states, starting with Edessa in 1144. Yet in 1146, Zangi delivered two church bells to Syriac churches in Edessa. This Oxford conference paper reveals that medieval Muslim rulers continued to bestow patronage on Christians, who might still be demographically or politically significant, and late medieval rulers were not bound by the restrictions proposed by Islamic religious leaders. Sponsors: Princeton University Seminar on the Near East and the World PI: Thomas A. Carlson
The Reformation’s Wild East: Finland 1560‐1611 This book project is the follow‐on project to my work on Finland’s Reformation 1523‐1560 (2017). This project examines the Lutheran Reformation in Finland during the reigns of Gustav Vasa’s sons, a period in which the church was embroiled in conflicts between Lutheran reformers, Jesuit missionaries, and dynastic interests. This project will understand Finland as a frontier of wider European Reformation struggles. Sponsors: Department of History, OSU College of Arts and Sciences (so far) PI: Jason Lavery
An Anthology of the Writings of Mikael Agricola: An Annotated Edition Mikael Agricola (c. 1510‐1557) is recognized as the “Father of the Finnish language.” He produced translations into Finnish of the New Testament, parts of the Old Testament, and other sacred works. These translations represent the beginning of Finnish as a written language. At the beginning of these works Agricola wrote prefaces and commentaries that afford useful insights into sixteenth‐century Finland. This anthology will include my translations of these writings and articles by myself and other Agricola scholars about the works in question. Sponsors: Department of History, OSU College of Arts and Sciences (so far) PI: Jason Lavery
A biographical study of Civil War (Union) General George Meade As a teaching assistant professor, I maintain an active research agenda toward the completion of my second monograph, a biographical study of Civil War (Union) General George Meade. I completed research at the University of Michigan’s libraries, the New York State Library, the National Archives in DC, and the Library of Congress. In addition to the pending monograph, this research yielded material for upcoming conference presentations at the Society for Military History and the Society of Civil War Historians. Sponsors: CAS Spring19 travel grant and a History Department research award PI: Jennifer Murray
Grocery Garbage: Food Waste and the Rise of Supermarkets in the Mid‐Twentieth Century United States This project led to an article that was published in the History of Retailing and Consumption in April 2019. It explored the 1930s supermarket revolution in the United States, and its effect on food waste. Bigger supermarkets led to reduced losses in some areas, but also saw increasing waste and growing piles of garbage. Public works officials championed sanitary landfills, hog feeding operations, garbage grinders, and incineration, despite the potential costs of each. Heightened awareness of the environmental and public health costs of pollution led citizens to push back against these disposal systems, often displacing them onto marginalized communities. Sponsors: OSU Department of History PI: Anna Zeide
Acquired Tastes: Stories about the Origins of Modern Food Since 2017, I have been co‐editing an anthology of essays about food and environmental history. Over the last year, we solicited two additional essays to diversify the topics and authors in our anthology, worked with all the authors on fourth and fifth drafts, wrote the introduction and accompanying material, and compiled the full manuscript. I also revised my own contribution to the collection, an essay entitled Marion Harland, Tastemaker: How One Woman's Influence Helped Build an Industry. We sent it out at the end of the summer 2019, and it is currently under review with University of Chicago press. Sponsors: OSU Department of History PI: Anna Zeide
The Syllabus Project: Diversifying Environmental History Syllabi This project provides concrete strategies to help environmental historians diversify our syllabi to strengthen our teaching and scholarship. As part of the project, with other colleagues from around the world, I helped build a collaborative website www.TheSyllabusProject.weebly.com and group Zotero library https://www.zotero.org/groups/2170789/the_syllabus_project. This library now has over 500 sources by women, scholars of color, and scholars working on global environmental histories. The Zotero group library is intentionally collaborative, so anyone can join, add citations, and tag and annotate sources. I also presented about this project at the American Society for Environmental History conference in Columbus, OH in April 2019. Sponsors: OSU Department of History PI: Anna Zeide
Writing History as Creative Nonfiction This project, presented at the American Society for Environmental History conference in Columbus, OH in April 2019, explores ways to incorporate storytelling into environmental history scholarship. Environmental historians have a long tradition of trying to find a “usable past,” and to communicate that past to broad audiences. But in order to have a readership beyond our discipline, to inform decision‐making on critical issues, we must learn to be not only historians, but writers. The project explores questions like: How can we use strategies from creative writing to enliven our scholarship? Is there an inherent tension between historical objectivity and narrative? Sponsors: OSU Department of History PI: Anna Zeide
INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY
Status of the Regal Fritillary in Oklahoma. The regal fritillary historically occurred from Oklahoma to North Dakota and east to the Atlantic Coast, but is now being considered for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Little is known about the population trend of regal fritillaries in Oklahoma. This project will assess the current status, geographic range, and habitat needs for regal fritillaries in the tallgrass prairie region of Oklahoma, with a focus in counties where regal fritillaries have been previously documented. Sponsors: Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation PI: Kristen Baum
Document project outcomes and, if necessary, help refine the implementation of conservation practices for the monarch butterfly and other pollinators. The monarch butterfly has experienced population declines in recent years and is being considered for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Current conservation efforts are focused on increasing habitat for monarch butterflies and other pollinators, but additional information is needed to evaluate different methods for assessing the quality of monarch habitat. This project will compare several methods of habitat evaluation at sites where conservation practices have been implemented in the Midwest and Southern Great Plains. Sponsors: Natural Resources Conservation Service PIs: Kristen Baum Monarch Joint Venture: Alison Cariveau, Wendy Caldwell
How Do Extreme Flooding Events Impact Migratory Species? Extreme weather events, including hurricanes, can impact species in a variety of ways. For migratory species, extreme rain events may disrupt resource availability and/or modify the timing and/or location of the migration. The recent flooding associated with Hurricane Harvey provides a unique opportunity to evaluate changes in resource availability in response to disruptive weather events, including associated responses of the eastern North American monarch butterfly. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Kristen Baum Georgetown University: Leslie Ries Michigan State University: Elise Zipkin
Effects of Multiple Stressors on Pollinator Health in the Southern Plains. Bees provide important pollination services in both agricultural fields and more natural habitats. Both honey bees and native bees are in decline, and more information is needed to identify how stressors interact to influence bee populations and communities. The overall goal of this project is to evaluate how multiple stressors influence the abundance, diversity, selection, and quality of floral resources for honey bees and native bees. This project will evaluate how nutrition, agrochemicals, and parasites/disease influence managed honey bee colonies and native bee populations and communities in the wheat/canola/managed grassland agroecosystem. Sponsors: Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, Syngenta PIs: Kristen Baum, Shawn Wilder, Jason Belden College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources: Kristopher Giles, Samuel Fuhlendorf
Effects of Red Imported Fire Ant Control Efforts on Immature Monarch Survival. Texas has been identified as critical for monarch conservation efforts because of its important role during spring and fall migration and spring and fall breeding periods. Imported fire ants, and red imported fire ants (RIFA) in particular, have been identified as a potentially important predator of monarch larvae in Texas, and the imported fire ant quarantine zone corresponds closely to the distribution of first generation monarch larvae. The objective of this project is to evaluate if monarch butterfly egg/larval survival differs between areas treated for RIFA and control (untreated) sites. Sponsors: Coastal Bend Bays and Estuaries Program, Inc. (flow‐thru from US Fish and Wildlife Service) PI: Kristen Baum
Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies. Providing roadside pollinator habitat, either through the creation of new habitat or support of existing habitat, requires identification of optimal best management practices, which will maximize benefits to monarchs, reduce environmental damage resulting from invasive species, and minimize costs. However, scientific data are lacking for identifying sources and sinks, and the same habitat can serve as a source or sink depending on the season and management practices. The focus of this project is to develop guidelines for identifying locations and practices with the greatest potential for supporting monarchs. Sponsors: Regents of the University of Minnesota (flow‐thru from The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Transportation Research Board) PIs: Kristen Baum University of Minnesota: Karen Oberhauser, Holly Holt, Eric Lonsdorf, Emilie Snell‐Rood The Xerces Society: Jennifer Hopwood Environmental Incentives: Eoin Doherty, Erik Anderson
Monarch‐Pollinator Monitoring, Tracking and Evaluation of Grassland Habitat and Management Practices in the Southern Plains. The southern Great Plains has been identified as critical for conservation efforts for monarchs and other pollinators, and much of the habitat identified in this region for pollinator conservation consists of grasslands. With the extensive loss and fragmentation of native grasslands, managed grasslands are becoming increasingly important for supporting conservation efforts. However, few baseline data exist for this region, making it challenging to assess the value of these efforts for monarchs and other pollinators. This project will provide baseline data for assessing the contribution of grassland management practices for supporting monarch/pollinator habitat. Sponsors: Wildlife Management Institute (flow‐thru from US Fish and Wildlife Service) PI: Kristen Baum
Southern Plains Pollinator Conservation Implementation Program: Texas & Oklahoma. Given widespread declines in wild and managed pollinators, it is essential to develop effective restoration and management practices that support pollinator populations and communities. Pollinator conservation is particularly important in the Southern Plains Region, where the southern portion of the rapidly urbanizing I‐35 belt is vital for monarch conservation efforts. This project focuses on the implementation of on‐the‐ground conservation for pollinators, including prescribed fire and wildflower seeding. The effectiveness of these efforts for pollinator conservation is assessed at the community level, as well as at the population level for select species. Sponsors: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (flow‐thru from US FWS Competitive State Wildlife Grants Program) PIs: Kristen Baum University of Texas: Shalene Jha
Implications of Landscape, Crop, and Insect Diversity for Agroecosystem Functionality. Long‐term sustainability of agroecosystems depends on the maintenance of ecosystem services, including pollination and pest control. Agroecosystem diversity likely influences resource availability for beneficial insects and availability of insect‐mediated ecosystem services. Ecosystem services may also interact, such as when landscape resources allow increased parasitism of crop pests, which leads to increased parasitism of pollinators. Management activities may modify the outcome of these interactions and the availability of ecosystem services. The goal of this project is to evaluate the effect of landscape (including crop) diversity on beneficial insects (pollinators and natural enemies) and associated ecosystem services. Sponsors: USDA‐NIFA‐AFRI PIs: Kristen Baum College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources: Kristopher Giles, Eric DeVuyst USDA, ARS: Norman Elliott
Investigations on Monarch Butterflies (Danaus plexippus) in Texas Using a Spatially Explicit Functional Connectivity Approach. The goal of this project is to provide information needed to inform a Species Status Assessment of the monarch in Texas. Monarch butterfly past population status and trends will be analyzed, including the development of ecological niche models to estimate the current quantity and quality of monarch habitat, and options for increasing habitat connectivity. Fifth generation monarch activity and habitat use will also be assessed, as well as winter‐breeding activity in coastal areas. Lastly, a risk rating system that integrates geo/spatial information on suitable habitat patches, relative population estimates, and mortality agents of monarchs will be developed. Sponsors: Texas A&M University (flow‐thru from Texas Comptroller’s Office) PIs: Kristen Baum Texas A&M University: Robert Coulson
Assessment of Grassland Habitat Quality and Management Practices for Pollinators in the Southern Great Plains. Pollinators play an important role in grasslands, as well as most managed and natural ecosystems. Concerns over pollinator declines have increased in recent years, especially with the identification of colony collapse disorder in managed honey bee colonies, and documented declines in native bee communities, as well as the decline in the monarch butterfly population. Pollinator declines have been attributed to several factors, including habitat fragmentation and loss, invasive species, and pesticides. This project evaluates the status of native bee communities and monarch butterflies on National Park Service lands, including an assessment of resource availability in the context of management practices. Sponsors: National Park Service PI: Kristen Baum
Broadening Opportunities for Biologists by Bridging the Gap for Transfer Students. This program provides scholarships of up to $10,000/year to students transferring from two‐ year colleges and pursuing bachelor’s degrees in biological science, physiology, or zoology at OSU. Scholarships will be awarded to academically talented, financially needy students. The program will provide scholarship recipients with academic support, including an orientation seminar and workshops, peer mentoring, and regular checkpoints that will encourage student participation in academic support services. Professional development activities will focus on career awareness, job search strategies, and balancing professional and family life, as well as optional internships, research projects, professional society meetings, graduate school related activities, and outreach opportunities. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Kristen Baum, Jennifer Grindstaff College of Education: Lucy Bailey University Academic Services: Kelly Kavalier Office of Scholarship and Financial Aid: Robert Lofton
IOS: Epigenetic Effects on Brain and Behavior: Testing the Role of Imprinted Genes The proposed research will use a well‐characterized case of hybrid loss of imprinting (LOI) to investigate the role of imprinted genes in 1) placental endocrine effects on maternal brain and behavior, and 2) developmental effects on cognition and social behavior. Undergraduate researcher training will emphasize experiences that prepare and motivate students for post‐ graduate studies. In partnership with the College of Education, we will provide hands‐on research experience and career development for preservice teachers in the Secondary Science Education program, and for in‐service teachers. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Polly Campbell, Jennifer Grindstaff College of Agriculture and Natural Resources: Charles Chen College of Education, Health and Aviation: Julie Angle
Linking metal nanoparticle chemical modifications at the luminal/intestinal epithelia interface to intracellular alterations of essential metal homeostasis Nanoparticles are microscopic particles with at least one dimension less than 100 nanometers. Due to the improved material properties occurring at the nanoscale, nanoparticles are used in several consumer products and can be found almost everywhere in our day to day life, from paint to toothpaste. However, besides the technological advancements they bring about, the boom in nanoparticle production also raises questions about their potential impact on human health and the environment. Using a model of the fish intestine, we propose to study the absorption, toxicity and bioreactivity of two highly used nanoparticles: titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles. Sponsors: National Science foundation PI: Matteo Minghetti
Determination of uptake, toxicity and bio‐reactivity of organic zinc chelates (Bioplex®) and zinc inorganic salts using an in vitro model of the fish intestine, the RTgutGC Essential trace elements such as zinc, iron and copper are required by all living organisms to thrive. Therefore, these elements are added to the feed of farmed animals including fish. Inorganic metal salts are routinely used to achieve a sufficient level of metal in the fish diet. However, research shows that elements complexed with organic compounds are more absorbable and less toxic. In this study, we test if the organic zinc complex (Bioplex®) is more absorbable (i.e. bioavailable) and less toxic than the inorganic zinc complex (ZnSO4) using an in vitro model of the fish intestine. Sponsors: Alltech® PI: Matteo Minghetti
Understanding Large‐Scale Patterns of Ecomorph Evolution In this project, we develop an integrative approach to explore fundamental questions about the evolution of ecomorphs (species with similar ecology, morphology, and behavior), using frogs as a model system. The approach combines data on evolutionary relationships, ecology, body form, functional performance, and geographic distribution. This study will provide the first exploration of how these different factors explain large‐scale patterns of ecomorph evolution across a major group of organisms. The project supports training of diverse students, including a summer undergraduate research experience. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Daniel Moen
Quail Ecology and Management II Bobwhite quail populations have experienced a long‐term decline. Arthropods are a key food for growing quail chicks and adult females that are producing eggs. The goal for the invertebrate component of this project is to examine how habitat types and land management affect the quantity and nutrient content of arthropod prey available to quail. Sponsors: Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation PIs: Shawn Wilder College of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources: Craig Davis, Samuel Fuhlendorf, Dwayne Elmore, Laura Goodman
EAGER: Combining Elemental and Biochemical Measures of Prey to Improve Predictions of Trophic Transfers of Nutrients This project is testing if macronutrients, such as lipid and protein, provide a better measure of prey quality for predators than measures of the nitrogen and carbon content of prey. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Shawn Wilder
Predation on Nutrient Vectors Regulates Patch Nutrient Dynamics: Testing How Predation by Spiders Regulates Nutrient Dynamics in the Negev Desert. This project is testing how spiders affect the flow of nutrients through ecosystems using the Negev Desert in Israel as a case study. Sponsors: Binational Science Foundation PIs: Shawn Wilder Hebrew University of Jerusalem: Dror Hawlena
The Adaptive Significance of Juvenile Coloration: Precocial Partner Preference Male and female juveniles of most species usually are not colored differently, but pre‐ reproductive juvenile male collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) have bright orange bars on their sides while pre‐reproductive juvenile females do not. This coloration is a signal for other juveniles. We are studying this orange signal in the context of a novel aspect of sexual selection, which we call precocial sexual selection. In this, juvenile males supposedly form pair bonds with juvenile females (future mates) and drive off juvenile males (future sexual rivals) such that they gain earlier and better reproduction the next year once they become sexually mature. Sponsors: National Science Foundation, Southwestern Association of Naturalists PIs: Stanley Fox, Ronald Van Den Bussche, Matthew Lovern, Jennifer Grindstaff, Justin Agan
Distribution, habitat affiliation, and abundance of the Ringed Salamander in Oklahoma We will determine the distribution, abundance, and natural history of the Ringed Salamander (Ambystoma annulatum) in eastern Oklahoma. Using museum records, documented observations of adults and larvae, and GIS habitat suitability modeling based on the habitat characteristics of known sites, we will survey historical and potential sites using drift fences with funnel and pitfall traps, visual encounter surveys, dip netting, and nocturnal road cruising. Additionally, we will use the photographic method for individual identification as a non‐invasive mark‐recapture technique to quantify movements, site fidelity, and population size. We will also collect and analyze water samples from potential sites for species‐specific environmental DNA. Sponsors: Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Department of Integrative Biology PIs: Stanley Fox, Elisa Cabrera‐Guzmán, Taylor Carlson
Development and testing of a mesocosm design for conducting developmental toxicity test on amphibians native to North America Ideally, developmental toxicity tests with amphibians would be performed on species native to the area of concern. However, due to the dependence on both terrestrial and aquatic environments during development and a relatively long developmental stage, these tests are challenging. Thus, there is a current need to develop better approaches for developmental toxicity testing of native amphibians. The objective of this project is to design and build a natural outdoor mesocosm suitable for testing of contaminant effects on amphibian development. Sponsors: Syngenta Crop Protection PIs: Jason Belden, Scott McMurry
The Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures to Bees – A Review and Synthesis of Current Literature with Respect to Accepted Mixture Modelling Approaches and Risk Assessment Pesticide exposure typically occurs as a mixture of pesticides rather than a single active ingredient. As pesticide risk assessment is frequently conducted based on single active ingredients or single formulations, there has been concern that pesticide mixtures may cause environmental harm that would not be expected from the initial risk assessment. The objective of this project is to review current literature describing the toxicity of pesticide mixtures to bees and determine the frequency that toxicity can be modelled using available approaches as compared to the frequency where synergy occurs. Sponsors: Syngenta Crop Protection PI: Jason Belden
LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES
The Mexica Museum of Francisco Javier Clavigero This book project focuses on the efforts of the Creole Jesuit scholar Francisco Javier Clavigero (1731‐1787) to compile the pre‐Columbian history of Mexico and to systematize native epistemologies from his exile in Italy. It explores his original defense of the study of Mexican antiquities, particularly indigenous pictorial and alphabetic texts, and Mesoamerican material culture, and demonstrates that his work Storia antica del Messico was key in the formation of modern ideas about the pre‐Columbian past in Latin America. Sponsors: John Carter Brown Library PI: Stephanie Rohner
MATHEMATICS
Texas‐Oklahoma Representations and Automorphic Forms Conference (TORA) This is a collaborative conference series among Oklahoma State University, University of Oklahoma and University of North Texas. Ten conferences have been held to date with TORA XI scheduled to be held at OSU in Spring 2020, supported by this grant. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Mahdi Asgari, Roger Zierau
Collaborations in Combinatorial Commutative Algebra This grant funds several collaborations in combinatorial commutative algebra. The PI and his coauthors, including Mermin and Schweig from OSU, investigate the interplay between problems in algebra and combinatorics. On the algebraic side, the questions involve understanding intricate relations among polynomials, and on the combinatorial side, the research investigates discrete objects like graphs and their higher dimensional analogues. This work also features interactions with algebraic geometry and topology, using algebraic techniques to understand geometric objects and applying topological methods in combinatorics. The PI frequently uses OSU's High Performance Computing resources to explore examples and test conjectures. Sponsors: Simons Foundation PIs: Christopher Francisco
Nodal sets on arithmetic surfaces; integrality and hypergeometrics. Lattice points on cubic surfaces, with Peter Sarnak (IAS and PU, Princeton): Our current and future work centers on extending the methods of our prior work on Markoff surfaces. We also consider extending the method of constructing fundamental sets to Hurwitz surfaces and will explore these questions for log‐Calabi‐Yau surfaces following recent work by Sarnak’s student Junho Whang (Princeton thesis, 2018). Another extension of our work is in the direction of looking for “lattice points” in an algebraic number fields, in particular algebraic integers over a real quadratic field K. An open question here is: Does there a finite deterministic algorithm that decides if any K‐algebraic integral lattice points lie on the surface? These questions have relations to the question of when all elements of a group are one‐commutators, a topic we will explore. Sponsors: Simons Foundation PI: Amit Ghosh
Algorithmic recognition of 3‐manifolds and tangles A central problem in any field is to try and identify the basic objects in the field up to equivalence. In 3‐manifold topology, these problems have been largely solved. However, fast and effective algorithms to identify and distinguish 3‐manifolds remains an elusive goal. This project will improve upon existing 3‐manifold identification schemes and implement new algorithms in the field. Finally, these improvements in 3‐manifold recognition will be applied to construct an atlas of tangles, which will serve as a breeding ground for new questions in the 3‐ manifold topology and related fields. Sponsors: Simons Foundation PI: Neil R. Hoffman
Control and Optimization of Semi‐Dissipative Systems Transport and mixing play central roles in the circulation of the atmosphere and oceans, spreading of environmental pollutants, ventilation in buildings, mixing of chemical substances, and other natural phenomena and engineering problems. The question of what velocity fields effectively enhance or prevent transport and mixing, or steer a scalar field to a desired distribution has attracted attention in different fields. The proposed research aims to optimize the transport and mixing processes via an active control of the flow velocity. Modern techniques from optimal control theory, nonlinear partial differential equations, nonconvex and non‐smooth optimization will be utilized to solve these problems. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Weiwei Hu
Robust Optimization & Control of Dynamic Sensor Systems This project will develop a rigorous framework and computational methods for design, robust optimization and control of sensor systems. Intrinsic to the effort will be the derivation of simple, low‐dimensional approximations suitable for the representing high‐dimensional moving sensor systems. Design and optimization principles for simple control laws, based on local and datadriven information, will be developed to achieve behaviors optimizing performance measures and robustness. Rigorous estimates of sensing errors for coupled spatial and UAV dynamical systems will be derived. These results will be used to understand how one can use information based complexity to develop efficient and real‐time numerical algorithms. Sponsors: DARPA PIs: Weiwei Hu Veterinary Medicine: John Burns WPI: Michael Demetriou, Nikolaos Gatsonis
The Mathematical Inquiry Project The Mathematical Inquiry Project is a statewide collaboration among mathematics departments at the 27 public institutions of higher education in Oklahoma to foster sustainable, large‐scale reforms to improve learning, applicability, and equity in entry‐level mathematics courses. It focuses specifically on academic success skills, meaningful applications, and active learning. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: William Jaco, Michael Oehrtman, John Paul Cook, Michael Tallman, Allison Dorko
Mathematics Resource Centers Collaborative Workshops This grant supported two workshops in May 2017 and May 2018. Our goal was to organize math center directors and researchers and to form research agenda investigating mathematics learning in a tutoring environment. We have established a nationwide network of mathematics tutoring center directors including individuals from 33 different universities. During the 2018‐ 2019 school year and Summer 2019, we had 43 individual members who attended weekly online meetings 298 times. As a result of the collaborations formed at this workshop and the online meetings, there have been seven conference proposal papers, one published journal article, and three submitted journal articles. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Melissa Mills, William Jaco, Michael Tallman
Collaborative Research: Initiating a Foundational Research Model for Secondary Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching The goal of this project is to understand expert secondary mathematics teachers' knowledge for teaching exponential functions. In particular, the study examines how mathematics knowledge for teaching is used by teachers as they are teaching students' and the factors that influence their interactions with students. The research questions for the study focus on the decisions expert teachers draw on while making decisions related to teaching exponential functions, the mathematics knowledge for teaching they use to make decision, and the factors that influence the quality of those decisions and students' opportunity to reason mathematically. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Michael Oehrtman, Michael Tallman
Three and four dimensional triangulations, mathematical visualisation A triangulation is a subdivision of a space into tetrahedra. There are many ways to triangulate a topological object. However, different triangulations are related to each other by sequences of simple, local moves. One of the central goals of this project is to better understand how useful properties of triangulations change as we alter them by these moves. Another aim is to generalize results from three‐dimensional to four‐dimensional triangulations. Another goal centers on mathematical visualization to aid in research, pedagogy and outreach. This includes finding effective ways to visualize mathematical objects using technologies including 3D printing, virtual, and augmented reality. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Henry Segerman Collaborative Research: Investigating Student Learning and Sense‐Making from Calculus Video Lessons The goal of this project is to understand how students make sense of and learn from calculus instructional videos. Project team members adapt ideas from the fields of information systems and organizational studies to investigate: (1) the ways students interact with video lectures; (2) the aspects of the videos students attend to; (3) the ways students make sense of and learn from these videos, and how this relates the other aspects described above; and (4) how various ways of structuring the video‐watching experience can influence each of these aspects. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Michael Tallman
The 38th Southeastern‐Atlantic Regional Conference on Differential Equations This grant supports participants at the 38th Southeastern‐Atlantic Regional Conference on Differential Equations Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Ramjee Sharma, Ryan Thompson, Dipendra Regmi, Jiahong Wu
Regularity Problem on Two Models from Fluid Dynamics This award supports research on two systems of partial differential equations modeling fluids: the 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations and the inviscid surface quasi‐geostrophic (SQG) equation Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Jiahong Wu
MEDIA AND STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS
Media Literacy Among Public Relations Students: An Analysis of Future PR Professionals in the Post‐Truth Era This study assessed various aspects of media literacy among a national sample of US public relations students. Definitions of media literacy transcended basic interpretation of messages and extended to higher‐level concepts such as understanding and how media organizations operate. PR students considered themselves to be fairly media literate, and had higher estimates of their own media literacy than a sample of advertising students in a previous study. Implications for public relations educators and the future PR professionals they train are discussed. Sponsors: Arthur W. Page Center for Integrity in Public Communication PIs: Jami A. Fullerton, Lori M. McKinnon, Alice Kendrick
The Future of Global Competition & Conflict: Strategic Multilayer Assessment This research project examined media messaging strategies in Chinese, Russian, Iranian, and Venezuelan media as it relates to the future of global competition and conflict. Researchers utilized a mixed methodological approach of quantitative content analysis using the DIME (diplomatic, informational, military and economic) framework, as well as a qualitative narrative analysis examining act, scene, agent, instrument, and purpose of the stories told within the news media. This project contributed to our understanding of how other nations challenge US global influence through media by constructing, contesting, and projecting narratives to domestic and international audiences. Sponsors: Department of Homeland Security PIs: Skye Cooley, Asya Cooley
Northern Triangle and Mexican News Media Perspectives on the Migration Crisis: Strategic Narrative and the Identification of Good Action The goal of this research project was to determine Northern Triangle (consisting of El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala) migrants’ motivations for travelling to the US by examining regional media narratives describing how these political communities make sense of migration’s causes, solutions, and payoffs. The analysis of 325 articles from 10 news sources revealed the key narrative features describing motivations, challenges, and identities related to migration. In addition, this study used perspectives on migration to identify commonly good solutions to the posed challenges. Sponsors: Department of Homeland Security PI: Skye Cooley
MUSIC
Rethinking Music Instruction: Prioritizing Compassion and Curiosity in the Studio The teacher‐student relationship in applied instrumental instruction serves as the centerpiece of a collegiate musician’s education in performance. Historically, this relationship flows in one direction, with the ‘teacher as expert’ and the student as passive receiver. A performer’s training can neglect and negate the essential elements of creativity. In an attempt to evoke an alternate vocabulary of teaching for applied music instruction, I will suggest pedagogical techniques based in mindful inquiry that prioritize the creative nature of the teacher/student relationship by cultivating the fluid exchange of ideas and the exploration of individual expression. Sponsors: ACMHE (Association for Contemplative Mind in Higher Education), OSU Department of Music PI: Laura Talbott‐Clark
Inspiring Intrinsic Motivation in Your Students: Mindfulness Techniques for the Studio and Classroom In the string studio and classroom, teachers see the negative effects of the product‐based and competitive culture of today’s music industry when encountering issues with retention, performance anxiety, and motivation. Mindfulness‐based pedagogical techniques can be utilized to address performance anxiety, build resilience, foster creativity and develop compassion. These strategies include goal setting, supportive risk‐taking, habit building, diagnostic skills, and time management. We will suggest how to rethink traditional ensemble activities so as to foster a deeper sense of connection within the group. Finally, we will demonstrate how mindfulness can strengthen students' autonomy, competence, and relatedness, further fueling their intrinsic motivation. Sponsors: OSU Department of Music PIs: Laura Talbott‐Clark, Meredith Blecha Wells, George Speed
Mindfulness for Musicians: An Application of MBWP (Mindfulness‐Based Wellness and Pedagogy) to the Prevention of Musician‐Related Health Issues and the Development of Applied Instrumental Educational Strategies Accreditation requirements specify that music institutions must provide resources and information for students about how to prevent injuries and address mental health issues, but the task is mainly left to the auspices of overtaxed and untrained applied faculty. Mindfulness‐ based techniques have been proven to address parallel issues, but have not been applied to the specific needs of instrumental/vocal music instruction. I will propose a language of mindfulness to address the prevention of physical injuries, deepen an teacher’s ability to instruct students about traditional performance techniques, and address the creative roadblocks music students encounter during their degree work. Sponsors: OSU College of Arts and Sciences (FY19 Spring Travel Grant) PI: Laura Talbott‐Clark
ASTA Collegiate Committee Session: Mindfulness and Wellness in Music Panel This panel featured Dr. Frank Diaz (Jacobs School of Music, Indiana University) and Dr. Karin Hendricks (Boston University) and Laura Talbott‐Clark (Greenwood School of Music, Oklahoma State University) in discussion about how mindfulness‐based approaches to pedagogy, learning, and wellness has affected their teaching and performing practices. The event took place at the 2019 ASTA (American String Teachers Association) National Convention and was organized by the ASTA National Collegiate Committee. The moderator was Dr. Michael Hopkins, Director of Music Education, University of Michigan. Sponsors: OSU Department of Music (travel funds) PI: Laura Talbott‐Clark
Patti Johnson Wilson Graduate String Orchestral Fellowships Through a partnership between Oklahoma State University, the Tulsa Symphony Orchestra, and the Patti Johnson Wilson Foundation, the OSU Greenwood School of Music's String Area offers four graduate string fellowship positions to violin, viola, cello and bass candidates. A two‐year program, this fellowship will allow qualified applicants to pursue a graduate degree at OSU while performing as section players with the Tulsa Symphony Orchestra. Sponsors: OSU Graduate College, Tulsa Symphony Orchestra PI: Laura Talbott‐Clark
51st International Horn Symposium, Ghent, Belgium I was awarded the Arts and Sciences Travel Award for $1,000 to attend the 51st International horn symposium in Ghent, Belgium from July 1st‐July 6th with travel from June 28, 2019 to July 8, 2019. I presented a warm‐up clinic titled “Drop the Beat,” performed two trio pieces, including a world premiere, for horn, trombone, and piano on a contributing artist recital, and performed in a second recital with an all‐female horn ensemble. Sponsors: College of Arts and Sciences Travel Award PIs: Lanette Lopez Compton, Paul Compton
Por Ti Mi Corazón: Uncovered Art Songs by Mexican Composers The body of art songs composed by Mexican composers from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is ample and of remarkable value for the vocal repertoire; yet, many of these works remained unknown. Dr. Anné‐Marie Condacse and Dr. Alejandro Barrañón, Artist of Mexico, uncovered representative art songs of the Mexican vocal repertoire and reconstituted several manuscript scores. The outcomes of their collaboration consist of concerts that Condacse and Barrañón have presented in the United States and in Mexico, and of a professional recording featuring these songs. Their work brings significant contributions to the fields of musicology, music education, and music performance. Sponsors: OSU Office of the Vice President for Research, Humanities‐, Arts‐, and Design‐Based Disciplines Research Program PI: Anné‐Marie Condacse
Expanding the Saxophone Quartet Repertoire through New Music by Underrepresented Minorities: Concerts, Presentations and Lectures featuring Kimberly Goddard Loeffert and the h2 Saxophone Quartet Performances at the World Saxophone Congress in Zagreb, Croatia enabled quick and broad dissemination of new music by composer‐collaborators Armando Bayolo and Igor Karača, and showcased the artistic accomplishments taking place in music at OSU. Performances, lectures, and teaching at the Cortona Saxophone Sessions for New Music in Cortona, Italy extended the reach of OSU’s musical achievements and promoted an expansive sense of community through music. Tying the World Saxophone Congress and the Cortona Sessions together maximized the cost of European travel and entwined teaching, creative activities, and professional development while placing Oklahoma State University squarely on an international stage.
Sponsors: ASR+1, CAS Fall Travel, Friends of Music Faculty Professional Assistance Grant PI: Kimberly Goddard Loeffert
2019 CelloFest at OSU I was awarded the Norris Grant to help cover the costs of bringing a guest artist to CelloFest at OSU. CelloFest is an annual event that brings cellists of all ages to campus. The event benefits current students, prospective students, and cellists in the community. During the 2019 festival Hans Jensen was the headlining guest. Mr. Jensen is considered one of the leading cello teachers in the world, and his work with our students is a significant step towards putting OSU Music on the national map. Sponsors: Norris Grant PI: Meredith Blecha‐Wells
Gran Encuentro de Chelistas – Featured Artist I was the featured guest during the Gran Encuentro de Chelistas Summer Festival in Bogota, Columbia. This festival occurs every year and includes 100 cello students, faculty, and a selected guest artist. During the festival I performed as a soloist with the festival ensemble and performed two recitals at universities in Bogota. I also spoke on a United Nations panel about empowering women through music. My talk was targeted at girls that face adversity and poverty. Sponsors: Friends of Music PI: Meredith Blecha‐Wells
West Virginia University Cello Day I was the featured guest artist for a cello event at West Virginia University. During this event I gave two master classes, a lecture, and a recital. I was able to connect with a number of high school and college students and have maintained these relationships as potential recruiting contacts. Sponsors: Friends of Music PI: Meredith Blecha‐Wells
Thailand Concert and Teaching Residency at Mahidol University During my residency at Mahidol University I worked with pre‐college and college students over a weeklong stay. I gave lessons, master classes, and a chamber music recital. This trip allowed me to make connections with the faculty and has already proved helpful in recruiting students to audition for OSU. Sponsors: A&S Travel Grant PI: Meredith Blecha‐Wells
Music by Women Festival Flute and Clarinet Duo Performance at the Mississippi University for Women Our performance in historic Poindexter Hall on March 9, 2019 featured flute and clarinet duos by two living female composers. Works included Chelsea Komschlies’ (b. 1991) “Steam” (2011) and Lita Grier’s (b. 1937) “3x2” (1953). Both pieces celebrate the versatile timbral combination of two diverse woodwind instruments and serve as an excellent addition to the repertoire of instructors and performers. Sponsors: Friends of Music PIs: Babette Belter, Erin Murphy
Women Composers Festival of Hartford Flute and Clarinet Duo Performance at Trinity College Our performance as part of the festival music marathon in the Austin Arts Center on March 30, 2019 featured flute and clarinet duos by two living female composers. Works included Chelsea Komschlies’ (b. 1991) “Steam” (2011) and Lita Grier’s (b. 1937) “3x2” (1953). Both pieces celebrate the versatile timbral combination of two diverse woodwind instruments and serve as an excellent addition to the repertoire of instructors and performers. Sponsors: Friends of Music PIs: Babette Belter, Erin Murphy
An Iberian‐British Paradox: Roberto Gerhard as an International Catalan and a Spanish Composer in Exile While living in Spain, Roberto Gerhard had composed for the BBC. The intended audience of his Albada, Interludi i Dansa was English—not Spanish or Catalan. In stark contrast to Gerhard’s other compositions of the period, he eschewed many of his modernist applications in the composition of Albada, Interludi i Dansa. In exile in England, Gerhard composed an opera set in Seville, made arrangements of zarzuelas, and began making allusions to flamenco music. My paper addresses how and why Gerhard’s compositional framework shifted from Catalan nationalism to excursions of Spanish exoticism. Sponsors: Friends of Music Faculty Assistance Grant PI: Mark Perry
The Music of Gregory Mertyl I was awarded an OSU Humanities, Arts and Design Research Grant for $10,000 (2019) to be used toward my recording project to record and produce a CD of the complete solo piano works of American composer Gregory Mertl. The project includes the commission of a substantial new work for solo piano. Sponsors: OSU Humanities, Arts and Design Research Grant PI: Heather Lanners
OSU Summer Music Camp I was awarded an “Arts in Communities” grants from the Oklahoma Arts Council to help subsidize the OSU Summer Music Camp. The OAC granted $2000 in matching funds for artist/faculty fees for the camp. Sponsors: Oklahoma Arts Council PIs: Heather Lanners, Melissa Bosma
The Practical Pedagogue: Building Strong Voices 12 Different Ways I attended a vocal pedagogy workshop focused on the exploration and application of historical voice building leading to growth and development. Lecture subjects included how to establish a bel canto quality in the voice, how to eliminate breathiness in the voice, and teaching range extension in the male and female voice through master class sessions with students of varied age. Sponsors: Friends of Music Faculty Professional Assistance Grant PI: April Golliver‐Mohiuddin
Travel to Shanghai I was granted an OSU College of Arts and Sciences FY 19 Fall Travel Award in April 2018 for $1000 toward travel costs to and from Shanghai, China in late September through early October of 2018, where I heard pianists audition for admission to OSU as both undergraduate and graduate music majors. I also taught several master classes in Shanghai during the trip. Sponsors: CAS Fall Travel Award PI: Thomas Lanners
Travel to Washington I was granted $400 in OSU Friends of Music Faculty Professional Assistance funds in November 2018 to defray travel costs for a trip to Spokane, Washington to present a lecture session at the Music Teachers National Association’s annual conference in March 2019. The title of the session was “Practicing with Presence.” Sponsors: FOM Faculty Professional Assistance Grant PI: Thomas Lanners
Travel to Shanghai I received $1500 in Fall 2018 from the Fae Rawdon Norris Endowment for the Humanities to engage pianist Neil Rutman for a guest artist piano solo recital on September 16th, 2018. Rutman, who is currently serving as Artist‐in‐Residence at the University of Central Arkansas, has performed in over thirty countries in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. He has appeared in Carnegie Hall, Alice Tully Hall, Queen Elizabeth Hall, Wigmore Hall, Tokyo’s Bunka Kaikan, and the Schola Cantorum in Paris, with concert tours in the last five years of the United Kingdom, Europe, New Zealand, Japan, and the Persian Gulf. Sponsors: Fae Rawdon Norris Endowment for the Humanities PI: Thomas Lanners
PHILOSOPHY
Machine Learning/Epistemic Value of Diversity/Asian and Asian‐American Philosophers I attended the 2019 Central APA meeting in Denver, Colorado. I organized two symposiums for the conference, one on machine learning and epistemology and the other on the epistemic value of diversity. In addition, I gave a talk for a panel on Asian and Asian‐American philosophers. My talk explored different measures of diversity and offered an argument for why we might care about under or overrepresentation in academia. I plan to write up this talk for publication in the future. Sponsors: Arts & Sciences Dean’s Office PI: Brian Kim
Research on the Development of Empathy in Children My collaborators at Duke University and I received a $30,000 grant to fund an fMRI study on the development of empathy in children. We aim to examine the nature and limitations of empathy in children and adults. While undergoing fMRI scanning, children and adults will remember personal emotional experiences and imagine others having the same experiences. We predict that young children will recruit overlapping emotion‐processing regions for their own and others’ emotions. In contrast, adults’ neural response to others’ emotions will be more distinct from their own. Sponsors: Walter Sinnott‐Armstrong, Felipe De Brigaard, Templeton Foundation PI: Shannon Spaulding
PHYSICS
Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model Theoretical investigations into new physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles is being carried out with an emphasis on possible discovery of new particles and interactions at the Large Hadron Collider and at neutrino facilities. New models that address some of the shortcomings of the Standard Model are proposed and their experimental tests outlined. Topics studied include Higgs boson, dark matter, neutrino interactions and unification. This research is carried out by Co‐PI Babu under the umbrella grant "Theoretical and Experimental Research in Weak, Electromagnetic and Strong Interactions", and involves his PhD students, S. Jana, P.K. Vishnu, Ritu Dcruz and Anil Thapa. Sponsors: Department of Energy PIs: Kaladi Babu, S. Nandi Neutrino Physics and Grand Unified Theories Models of neutrino masses and mixings have been proposed and analyzed, within the framework of flavor physics models, which also address quark masses and mixings. New and improved Grand Unified Theories have been constructed, and the hallmark prediction of such theories, viz., proton decay, has been analyzed. This research is carried out by Babu under a Distinguished Scholar Fellowship he has from the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Under this program, Babu and two of his PhD students (Ritu Dcruz and Anil Thapa) carry out research in high energy physics, who also spend summer months at Fermilab. Sponsors: Department of Energy, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory PI: Kaladi Babu
Theoretical Research in Neutrino Physics The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), being constructed at Fermilab and in South Dakota, will search for new phenomena in neutrino oscillations. Babu is involved in theoretical research directly relevant for DUNE which is supported by a collaborative grant involving Dr. B. Dev of Washington University and Dr. P. Machado of Fermilab. Issues that are studied include non‐standard neutrino interactions, sources of neutrino mass and CP violation. Under this program, two students from OSU (Anil Thapa, Sudip Jana) visited Washington University, St. Louis for two weeks, and a third student (Ritu Dcruz) spent six weeks at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Sponsors: Department of Energy, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory PI: Kaladi Babu
Computer simulations of binding energy in zinc oxide surfaces Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a material with high reactivity. Thus, the surface of ZnO is very active in binding molecules. In particular, we are investigating two types of processes, the change in electronic conductivity when oxygen is adsorbed by ZnO surfaces and how carbon monoxide molecules bind to the surface of ZnO. Elucidating the first process would be crucial for improving gas sensing capabilities of ZnO detectors. The second process would establish how to engineer better ZnO scaffolds for catalytic reforming of methane into syngas and catalyzing syngas into high molecular weight hydrocarbons (fuels). Sponsors: Mentor/Mentee Award (OSU’s VPR office) PIs: Mario F. Borunda, David McIlroy
Searches for new physics with the ATLAS detector and R&D for the ATLAS ITk pixel upgrade This research uses the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider to search for vector‐ like quarks, hypothetical particles predicted by many proposed extensions to the Standard Model. Vector‐like quarks, as well as many other possible new particles, are expected to decay to heavy bosons and top quarks that will result in high energy jets in the detector. This research also involves the optimization and calibration of techniques to distinguish high energy jets originating from boosted bosons and top quarks from the enormous background of high energy jets caused by quarks and gluons. Research efforts also include in designing, simulating, and testing parts of the powering and readout system for the ITk pixel upgrade to the ATLAS detector for the high‐luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Sponsors: Department of Energy PI: Joseph Haley
Study of b‐quark Identification Performance for Upgraded ATLAS Detector ATLAS is one of the two major experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) located in Geneva, Switzerland, aimed at studies of basic constituents of matter and their interactions. By 2025, the LHC experiments will undergo major upgrade that will allow them to operate at a 10 times larger intensity. The new conditions pose a challenge on various aspects of detector operation, including its ability to identify signals due to specific type of particles (b‐quarks). The research aims at study and optimization of b‐quark identification performance for the upgraded ATLAS detector. Sponsors: Department of Energy PI: Alexander Khanov
CAREER: Sodium Spinor Condensates and Their Applications in Quantum Information Science This proposal is targeted towards applying a sodium spinor Bose‐Einstein condensate to generate massive entanglement and spin‐squeezing, and investigate their immediate applications in quantum information science. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI: Yingmei Liu
A quantum‐enhanced precise magnetic scanning microscope The specific aims of this proposal are to develop the first table‐top ultracold sodium system, and implement a quantum‐enhanced precise magnetic scanning microscope with both high spatial resolution and high field sensitivity. Sponsors: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI: Yingmei Liu
Next Generation Nanospring Based Explosives Sensors Develop and explore the fundamental sensing mechanisms of nanospring‐based electronic explosives sensors. Sponsors: Office of Naval Research (N00014‐17‐1‐2593) PI: David McIlroy
Rational Design of Solar‐Energy‐Combined Desalination Systems for Treatment of Produced Water Develop a small scale solar powered water desalination system. The system is designed for onsite use, as opposed to a large scale municipal system, that can transform briny water to gray water for reuse. Sponsors: USGS PIs: David McIlroy Chemical Engineering: Seok‐Jhin Kim
Experimental and Theoretical research in strong, electromagnetic, and weak interactions. High‐energy physics group is deeply involved in searches for new physics. Several phenomena cannot be described by the well‐known Standard Model. Experimentalists Dr. Rizatdinova, Dr. Khanov and Dr. Haley are working on the ATLAS experiment, looking for new particles, existence of which might shed light on the nature of the dark matter, mass of the Higgs boson and new interactions predicted by various theoretical models. Theorist Dr. Babu is working on projects related to electroweak symmetry breaking, higgs sector, and neutrino sector. The group’s effort will help to formulate new physics concept that will cover all known phenomena. Sponsors: Department of Energy PIs: Flera Rizatdinova, Satya Nandi, Kaladi Babu, Alexander Khanov, Joseph Haley
Design, prototyping, and production of flexible cables for barrel and endcap disks in the upgraded pixel system of the ATLAS detector. Dr. Rizatdinova’s group is heavily involved in the design of the new tracking system for the ATLAS experiment. She and her group design flex cables for the pixel detector. These cables will provide low‐voltage power for readout chips and serve as a data transmission from pixel sensors further to other sets of the readout system. The design of these cables is a challenging task, as the available space is very tight, and the number of lines per cable is over 100. The upgraded pixel detector will play a crucial role in searches for new physics. Sponsors: Department of Energy through Brookhaven National Lab PI: Flera Rizatdinova
Electrical Systems Integration in the upgraded pixel system of the ATLAS detector. Dr. Rizatdinova’s group is responsible for the electrical services design, tests of all electrical services, and integration of electrical services at the system level. They work on the tests of the high voltage and low voltage powering of the modules, signal integrity, grounding, and interfaces to patch panels of the pixel detector. This work is going on in the close collaboration with Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory. Sponsors: Department of Energy through Brookhaven National Lab PI: Flera Rizatdinova
Magnetization Dynamics in Topological Spin Textures Topological spin textures promise to facilitate robust and power‐efficient information processing and storing medium. Their resonance and non‐equilibrium dynamics are in our interest to understand physical mechanisms in their creation and stability and to implement in future spintronics applications at greater speeds. Our group can grow the materials to host these spin textures, and we use ultrafast lasers to study these dynamics with an unprecedented temporal resolution. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PI: Emrah Turgut
MRI: Acquisition of an Advanced FT‐IR System for Multidisciplinary Research and Education at Oklahoma State University This Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) award supports the acquisition of an advanced Fourier transform infrared system with diverse functions at the Stillwater Campus of Oklahoma State University. During the report period, we developed the novel nanosecond step‐scan FTIR system in collaboration with Dr. Hutchens & Hao (OSU EE) and Dr. Hendriks (Amsterdam). We successfully built and tested two electronic circuit boards that are critical to the nanosecond step‐scan FT‐IR technology, and developed a part of sophisticated software package that communicates between the circuit board and the nanosecond ADC. Furthermore, the PI promoted the developments and applications of infrared structural biology. Sponsors: National Science Foundation (NSF) PIs: Aihua Xie Microbiology & Molecular Genetics: Robert Burnap, Wouter D Hoff Biochemistry & Molecular Biology: Junpeng Deng, Wei Yin
Structure of protein mortalin in complex with cancer drug SHetA2 We have recently designed half a dozen anti‐cancer chemical agents significantly better than the lead compound SHetA2. To design drugs with even better efficacy and potency using structure‐ based design approach, we will determine the most accurate three‐dimensional structure of the receptor protein mortalin in complex with the lead compound. Sponsors: OSU President’s Fellows Faculty Research Award PI: Donghua Zhou
PLANT BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND EVOLUTION (PBEE)
New Tools to Study Environmental Control of Branching in the C4 Model Grass Setaria We are investigating the response of gene regulatory pathways controlling branching to environmental change. We have developed a mapping population in the grass C4 model system Setaria, between the wild lineage S. viridis and the domesticate S. italica, where one group of segregants displays environmentally inducible branching phenotypes, while the others display non‐branching or constitutive branching phenotypes, respectively. This allows us to experimentally control bud dormancy release to investigate the effect of environmental variation on the gene regulatory network underlying branching in grasses. Sponsors: Society for Developmental Biology PIs: Andrew Doust Graduate Student: John Hodge
STEM persistence through flexible authentic research opportunities Life‐science departments seek to increase persistence among majors by transforming introductory science courses into authentic research experiences. In these introductory courses students will design and conduct original research and present their findings in written and oral form. OSU freshman interested in research will be invited to participate in the Life Sciences Freshman Research Scholars program during which they will complete a research course and conduct research with faculty mentors. To encourage students to join the OSU research community, we will host networking events for life‐science majors, along with events uniquely designed to encourage the participation of Native American life‐sciences students. Sponsors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute Science Education Program PIs: Andrew Doust Integrative Biology: Donald French (Lead PI) Chemistry: John Gelder Biochemistry & Molecular Biology: John Gustafson Microbiology & Molecular Genetics: Wouter Hoff
MRI: Acquisition of a genomic sequencer within a shared resource facility for interdisciplinary sciences and training at Oklahoma State University This proposal is for a next generation sequencer that will be used for both research and teaching at OSU. Integrative Biology: Ron Van Den Bussche College of Agriculture: Peter Hoyt, Charles Chen Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Andrew Doust, Mark Fishbein
The Genetic Architecture of Tillering in Panicoid Cereals The proposal examines the genetic regulation of branching in panicoid grasses, focusing on maize, sorghum, and millet grasses. It incorporates various forward and reverse genetic approaches, together with a strong broader impacts section aimed at improving the quality of science education amongst teachers and students at the high school level. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Andrew Doust College of Education: Julie Angle Brigham Young University, Provo, UT: Clint Whipple Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA: George Chuck West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV: Jennifer Hawkins
IUSE: Transitioning Students to Teacher‐Researchers (TSTR) This proposal is to develop a model to improve STEM learning and learning environments for undergraduate science majors who are preservice science teachers (PSTs) by providing multiple authentic research experiences prior to entering the teaching profession. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Andrew Doust Integrative Biology: Donald French College of Education: Julie Angle College of Engineering: Carissa Ramming
Genetic comparisons of Abscission Zones in Grasses This proposal examines the genetic regulation of spatial and temporal variation in abscission zone formation and its underlying mechanisms across grasses. It incorporates genetic analyses and RNA‐seq approaches to understand how a central core regulation system for abscission has evolved across grasses. Sponsors: NSF PIs: Andrew Doust College of Education: Julie Angle Donald Danforth Plant Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO: Elizabeth Kellogg
Can Hundreds of Unlinked Loci Really Resolve Recent, Rapid Radiations of Plant Species? This research will demonstrate how to solve difficult phylogenetic problems at the species level in plants by employing improvements in next‐generation sequencing techniques, and combining methods for targeted sequencing of hundreds of specific regions of the nuclear genome applied to unusually large within‐species sampling. The project applies nuclear gene probes to target 768 genes and substantial amounts of their non‐coding flanking regions. Undergraduate and graduate student training in genomics, bioinformatics, and phylogenetics will target participants from underrepresented groups. Project outcomes will be extended through workshops held at scientific meetings, K‐12 education modules, and demonstration exhibits at a public botanic garden. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Mark Fishbein William and Hobart Smith Colleges: Shannon Straub
Enhanced Lipid Production by Diatoms in Continuous Culture Algae such as diatoms can accumulate storage lipids (fats) that are a potential feedstock for biodiesel. This project will determine whether diatoms can accumulate lipids at high exponential growth rate in continuous culture by carefully controlling the supply of limiting nutrients. The response of wild type (WT) and mutant diatom strains will be compared in a series of nitrogen and silicon step‐down experiments in turbidostat cultures (constant biomass). This will establish the relationship between nutrient‐limited growth and lipid productivity and reveal possible mechanisms to be exploited for future commercial lipid production in mass‐ cultured diatoms. Sponsors: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (OCAST) PI: William Henley
Regional assessment of defenses against bark beetle outbreak in loblolly pine plantations: the influence of climate variability and forest management across the southeastern US. Warmer and drier winters have the potential to increase the severity of bark beetle outbreaks in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), a tree planted on over 16 million ha across the southeastern US, making it an important timber species in the US. Worsening outbreaks of bark beetles in loblolly pine plantations could cause billions of dollars in damage. The primary tree defense against bark beetles in loblolly and other pines is production of viscous resin which is delivered through resin ducts. This research aims to assess the variability in resin ducts across the range of loblolly pine, and determine responses to drought and management. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University Vice President for Research Office Mentor/Mentee Award Program PIs: Henry Adams Natural Resource Ecology and Managment: Rodney Will
A burning question for catastrophic wildfire risk in Oklahoma: How much drought causes eastern redcedar to switch from suppressing fire to promoting fire? Invasion and expansion of eastern redcedar is the greatest land management challenge facing states in the Great Plains and Midwest US, and threatens conversion of much of Oklahoma from grassland to woodland over the next 10‐20 years. Woody encroachment from this species increases the risk of catastrophic wildfire and prior research determined a flammability threshold for eastern redcedar foliage. This research will determine the climate and environmental conditions which cause foliar moisture to fall below this threshold in order to improve fire risk prediction. The project will use soil‐foliar moisture content relationships determined in the field and in greenhouse experiments. Sponsors: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (OCAST) PI: Henry Adams
Collaborative Research: How to live on a (carbon and water) budget: Tree investment in chemical defenses across a gradient of physiological drought stress. Drought‐induced forest die‐off is a global phenomenon with far‐reaching impacts. In the western US, tree death from drought and bark beetle outbreak now exceeds growth in our forests. Despite increases in the frequency and severity of drought‐related insect outbreaks, how drought affects a tree defense against bark beetles has been little studied. This study will focus on how piñon pine trees allocate their carbon resources toward defense and other physiological processes under increasing drought stress to avoid death by drought or bark beetle attack. This study aims to develop a more complete framework for assessing mechanisms of tree mortality. Sponsors: National Science Foundation Integrative Organismal Studies Program PIs: Henry Adams Montana State University: Amy Trowbridge University of New Mexico: William Pockman
Graduate Research Proposal: Point of no return: experimental determination of lethal hydraulic thresholds during water stress for global forests. How forests will respond to climate change is poorly understood, and experimental study to better inform predictions of effects on global carbon budgets is needed. An important question is how drought will affect the persistence or die‐off of forests. Recent reviews of tree mortality have converged on hydraulic failure as a driving mechanism behind tree mortality globally. This research will experimentally determine the lethal degree of hydraulic failure, quantified as loss of a tree’s ability to move water through its stem, in several species. This research will provide model‐ready inputs for better prediction of tree die‐off in global forests under future droughts. Sponsors: National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program PIs: William Hammond, Henry Adams
Meiotic suppressors of ask1‐1 Towards unraveling a conserved pathway in meiosis involving the SKP1 protein, this project aims to identify and characterize meiotic suppressors of the arabidopsis skp1‐like1 (ask1‐1) mutation. Specifically, the suppressor genes will be identified by genome sequencing and fine mapping and the suppression mechanism by light microscopy. Further confirmation of the suppressor genes will be conducted by complementation of the original ask1‐1 meiotic defects with the suppressor genes and by studies of the expression levels of the suppressor genes in concerned genotypes. Successful completion of this work may reveal novel components of a conserved pathway that regulates meiotic cell cycle progression. Sponsors: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI: Ming Yang A new leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase in stomatal lineage regulation Leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases (LRR‐RKs) play critical roles in plant development, including cell proliferation and cell fate determination processes. This investigation aims to characterize the function of a newly identified Arabidopsis LRR‐RK in stomatal lineage formation in the epidermis, its expression pattern, and its effect on organ size. Experimental approaches include genetic and protein‐protein interaction studies. Completion of this investigation may significantly advance the understanding of the molecular mechanism regulating stomatal lineage formation. Results from this investigation may also add valuable pieces to the genetic engineering toolbox for creating crops with stomatal densities optimized for water‐limiting growth conditions. Sponsors: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI: Ming Yang
SOCIOLOGY
A Changing Wall: Local Religious Leaders and Church‐State Interaction in a New Era One‐paragraph abstract: Observers since Tocqueville have noted that the United States’ unique constitutional structure and religious roots have fostered the flourishing of local communities through the close interaction of church and state. Today, these local relationships play out in new circumstances, including increased religious diversity and changing jurisprudence more accommodating of church‐state interaction. In this new era, how do church‐state interactions occur at the local level, between religious groups and “frontline bureaucrats” such as mayors, zoning commissioners, librarians, and district attorneys? This project seeks to understand the meanings of church‐state interaction among diverse religious leaders in a variety of local settings. Sponsors: Louisville Institute PIs: Jonathan Coley Penn State University: Gary Adler Colby College: Damon Mayrl Loyola Marymount University: Rebecca Sager
Hazards SEES: The Risk Landscape of Earthquakes Induced by Deep Wastewater Injection Controversy surrounding technological advancements in oil and gas development is on the rise, but little is known about how communities perceive the risks of these activities and how the development itself and perceived risks influence community stress and disruption. These controversies reflect and drive uncertainty in communities experiencing rapid development. Similarly, uncertainties can exacerbate existing social tensions, foster new forms of social disruption, and generate individual and collective stress. This research examines risk perceptions associated with deep wastewater injection and associated seismic activity in Colorado and Oklahoma. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PIs: Liesel Ritchie University of Colorado: Abie Liel, Anne Sheehan Evaluation of the National Science Foundation‐funded NHERI (Natural Hazards Engineering and Research Infrastructure) Project The purpose of this evaluation is to provide information to support the implementation of services and activities offered by the National Science Foundation‐funded Natural Hazards Engineering and Research Infrastructure project at Purdue University. The OSU evaluation team is conducting evaluation research with NHERI members to better understand: 1) What services, tools, or resources they have found to be useful, and why, 2) What services, tools or resources they do not find to be valuable, and why, and 3) What other tools, services, or resources they would like to see provided, implemented, or changed to help them be more successful. Sponsors: Purdue University PI: Liesel Ritchie
STATISTICS
Validating a clinical decision support algorithm developed with big data to diagnose, state, prevent, and monitor a patient’s diabetic retinopathy The project aims to validate an existing decision support algorithm that was developed based on the Cerner electronic health record (EHR) data. The algorithm is used to predict patients’ diabetic retinopathy based on their routine laboratory blood work instead of a comprehensive and cost‐prohibitive eye examination. A non‐EHR clinical dataset was obtained to validate and improve the current algorithm. Sponsors: OCAST PIs: William Paiva, Tieming Liu, Ye Liang
On statistical analysis for big electronic health record data The goal of the project is to develop statistical methods for cleaning and analyzing electronic health record (EHR) data. The analysis for EHR data has its unique challenges that the data are big and unstructured, contain erroneous inputs and thus extremely noisy. The interest is predictive inference with the rich information concealed in such data and provide decision supports for the health care sector. Sponsors: OSU College of Arts and Sciences PI: Ye Liang College of Engineering, Architecture, & Technology – FY2019 Research Abstracts ARCHITECTURE
Transitioning Students to Teacher‐Researchers (TSTR) The project’s premise is that by learning the nature of science through authentic research experiences, preservice science teachers (PSTs) will strengthen their science literacy skills and be better equipped to engage their future students in science and engineering practices. This project will provide PSTs with multiple opportunities to conduct scientific research during their science methods courses. These new or modified science methods courses will be designed to enhance PSTs’ skills in conducting research and teaching others to conduct scientific research. The PSTs will receive extensive mentoring from faculty and graduate students from multiple science and engineering disciplines across the university. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Carissa Ramming Education: Julie Angle College of Arts & Sciences: Andrew Doust, Donald French
CENTER FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT TECHNOLOGY (CLGT)
Implementing Safe Work Zone Operations Strategies Oklahoma State University’s Center for Local Government Technology will provide 210 courses including worker courses, management courses and instructor courses over 3 fiscal years to improve operational understanding and planning for flagged, mobile, short duration and short term operations for public, tribal, private and educational sector employees including utilities (public and private), emergency response, towing and insurance personnel. Sponsor: United States Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Shannon Sheffert
Local Technical Assistance Program Since its inception in 1982, the mission of Oklahoma LTAP has been to provide training, technology transfer and technical assistance to local government agencies responsible for transportation systems. The Center is one of four original LTAP centers in the nation. Oklahoma LTAP addresses four broad focus areas: Safety, Infrastructure Management, Workforce Development, and Organizational Excellence. LTAP also provides a Transportation Intern Program that places student interns with local government agencies in paid summer internships. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Michael Hinkston, Darla Hisey
County Computer Assistance Program With oversight provided by the Oklahoma Tax Commission (OTC), Association of County Assessors, and Association of County Treasurers, the Center for Local Government Technology provides software programs, support of software and hardware including installation, maintenance of software and hardware, data management, training programs and technical assistance for County Assessors and County Treasurers. CLGT also provides coordination with the OTC Ad Valorem Division in fulfilling mutual responsibilities to support State CAMA and Assessment Administration (AA) software systems. Network configurations are kept as consistent as possible from county to county so that county CAMA systems and AA systems can exchange data efficiently. Sponsor: Oklahoma Tax Commission PI/PDs: Gary Snyder, Scott Warren
Assessor Training and Assistance Program CLGT, in cooperation with the Tax Commission, the County Assessors' Association and the County Treasurers’ Association will execute the programs by providing computer software programs, support of software and hardware including installation, maintenance, data management and training, to counties currently using the services previously provided by the State Auditor and Inspector as mandated by legislation. CLGT will provide: hardware maintenance, software, software maintenance, and software support to County Assessors utilizing the program software systems; technical support and training to County Assessors; and assistance with data extraction for OTC statutory and other agency requirements. Sponsor: Oklahoma Tax Commission PI/PDs: Gary Snyder, Scott Warren
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
A Precise Scale‐Up Method from Mice to Men on the Infection of Influenza A Virus The goal is to validate and use a Computational Fluid‐Particle Dynamics (CFPD) plus Hose Cell Dynamics (HCD) model to perform an inters‐pecies comparison of inhaled micron IAV‐laden droplets in mouse and human airways under realistic breathing and exposure conditions. Virus deposition patterns will be predicted, as well as the after‐deposition dynamics in the respiratory tracts. The CFPD‐HCD model will be validated and optimized with infected mice studies in animal and immunopathology cores at OCRID. We will analyze the inter‐species and inter‐subject geometric, kinematic and dynamic differences, and generate novel mice‐to‐men correlations. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University – OCRID – National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Yu Feng
Rational Design of Solar‐Energy‐Combined Desalination Systems for Treatment of Produced Water Produced waters (PW) from oil and gas operations pose risks to the environment and must either be treated or disposed of via underground injection. PW often exhibit high levels of dissolved solids (salts) and organic pollutants that must be separated from the water prior to reuse. The goal of the research is to develop novel, energy‐efficient solar‐energy‐combined membrane processes for treating PW to levels suitable for reuse. Research objectives include: 1) Design chemical pretreatment process (Dr. Lampert), 2) Develop solar evaporation and condensation system (Dr. Mcllroy), 3) Synthesize ceramic membranes for desalination and organics rejection (Dr. Kim and Dr. Aichele). Sponsor: United States Geological Survey PI/PDs: Seok‐Jhin Kim, Clint Aichele Civil & Environmental Engineering: David Lampert Physics: Dave McIlroy
Ionic Liquid‐Assisted Extractive Distillation for the Removal of Dimethylsilanediol This project adopts an entirely novel approach using ionic liquids in an extractive distillation process to remove dimethylsilanediol (DMSD) from wastewater consisting of humidity condensate and urine distillate to produce contaminant‐free water for recycle and reuse aboard the space shuttle for deep space exploration and the ISS. Our research will be guided by the hypothesis that the presence of ionic liquids will increase the volatility of DMSD over water, enabling the separation of DMSD using distillation. To achieve the objective and test the hypothesis, a complementary approach involving molecular simulation (PI Shah) and experiments (co‐PI Brennecke) will be carried out. Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration PI/PDs: Jindal Shah University of Texas at Austin: Joan Brennecke
Sucker Rod Guide Flow Simulations Using a CFD Model Sucker rod guides are an injection molded product commonly used in the oilfield. The goal of this project is to evaluate and optimize the sucker rod design using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, to minimize the flow drag rates and turbulence intensities. The optimized design also needs to stay above the minimum erodible wear volume values (EWV=4.3 in3) and below the maximum guide length (9.0 in). Sponsor: US Rod Company PI/PD: Yu Feng
CAREER: Multiscale Modeling of a Virtual Kidney During the Onset and Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease The objective is to predict progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) using a realistic computational model of kidney injury. The PI will construct a virtual kidney model for the structural and biochemical components affected during DKD in the glomeruli where most of the DKD damage is focused. The virtual kidney platform will use multiscale computational modeling to connect effects at different length scales from smaller to larger: inside cells, between adjacent cells, across a single glomerulus, and among collections of glomeruli. The virtual kidney will be used like a powerful microscope to detect and monitor damage to the glomeruli. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Ashlee Ford Versypt
Development of Nitrogen‐Assisted Fluid Systems for Improved/Enhanced Oil Recovery in Candidate Reservoirs The primary objective of this research study is to develop efficient and cost‐effective Nitrogen‐ Assisted fluid systems for improved/enhanced oil recovery in candidate reservoirs. Towards the primary objective: 1. Interfacial tension (IFT), and advancing and receding contact angle measurements will be conducted for model/crude oil‐water/brine‐gas‐sandstone/carbonate systems; 2. Continuous gas flooding (CGI) and huff‐and‐puff (Hn’F) microfluidic and coreflood experiments will be performed; and 3. The experimental data will be analyzed. Sponsor: Nitro‐Lift Technologies LLC PI/PDs: Prem Bikkina, Clint Aichele
Real‐Time Drilling Optimization System for Improved Overall Rate of Penetration and Reduced Cost/Ft in Geothermal Drilling In this project the objective is to develop a real‐time drilling optimization system for geothermal drilling. To reach this objective, the system will couple three individual components while drilling. The first component is a drill stem vibration analysis while drilling, the second component is to analyze mechanical specific energy (MSE) for optimum rotational speed (RPM) and weight on bit (WOB) combinations, and the third component is a detailed polycrystalline diamond compact PDC drill bit model. Sponsor: Department of Energy PI/PDs: Geir Hareland, Runar Nygaard Texas A&M International University: Mohammed Al Dushaishi Sandia National Lab: Doug Blankenship
Self‐Diffusion and Interactions of Multicomponent Fluids in Model Reservoir Solids Model nanoporous glasses with one‐dimensional channels, and aluminosilicates with 2D and 3D channels, will be used to create controlled nanoporous hosts with either organic‐rich or organic‐poor channel walls, and oil‐rich versus water‐rich fluids will be used to elucidate how diffusion, adsorption, and chemical interactions depend upon the chemical nature of the solid host. Unique to the work is the combination of new experimental capabilities allowing measurements at pressures as high as ca. 1000 atm, and with gradient strengths as high as 2.9 kG/cm. Sponsor: American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund PI/PDs: Jeff White, Clint Aichele
CFD Simulations of Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of a Regeneration Process The investigator will simulate kinetic and equilibrium regeneration phenomena using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. CFD simulations are based on first principles and are considered as reliable tools to simulate hydrodynamic, mass, and heat transfer for the design and optimization of process equipment. CFD models are cost‐effective and time‐saving compared to experimentation methods. Therefore, the overall goal of this project is to develop a computationally accurate and efficient CFD model to simulate the heat and mass transfer phenomena in the context of a regeneration process. The CFD model prediction will be compared with actual data provided by Exterran. Sponsor: Exterran Energy Solutions, L.P. PI/PD: Yu Feng
A 3D Human Tissue‐Engineered Lung Model to Study Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Dr. Fahlenkamp and Dr. Kovats will divide up the work according to their relative expertise. Dr. Fahlenkamp is a tissue engineer and has developed the 3D Human Tissue‐Engineered Lung Model (3D‐HTLM) to be used. Dr. Fahlenkamp will be responsible for setting up the 3D‐HTLM, RSV infection and monitoring responses of epithelial cells. Dr. Kovats will be responsible for procurement of myeloid cells from laboratory or clinical sources, and for characterizing and monitoring innate immune responses of myeloid cells. Drs. Kovats and Fahlenkamp will jointly oversee and evaluate all cellular and molecular analyses of antiviral responses in the project. Sponsor: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation for the National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Heather Fahlenkamp Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation: Susan Kovats
Mitigating Risks to Hydrocarbon Release through Integrative Advanced Materials for Wellbore Plugging and Remediation The project aims to advance capabilities for the prevention and remediation of wellbore leakage in offshore wells after the permanent Plugging and Abandonment stage. The fundamental goal is expressed as understanding the trigger of wellbore leakage at deep‐water condition, developing the new barrier materials considering material science fundamentals to identify properties critical for long‐term integrity, and ensuring adequate placing is achieved. Finally, through rigorous experiments and modeling and simulation, the team will characterize performance of the entire wellbore system and its surrounding subsurface environment, in order to provide prediction of long‐term behavior and prevent wellbore leakage. Sponsor: National Academy of Sciences PI/PD: Mileva Radonjic
Commercialization of a novel single‐use bioreactor Specific aims include: 1) Design and fabricate a 2 to 200 L, two‐chamber bioreactor from flexible, pharmaceutical grade plastic film, 2) Perform a ‘design for manufacturing’ analysis of the bioreactor and incorporate design changes necessary to accommodate large scale manufacturing, 3) Develop an operating procedure and evaluate the performance of the 2 to 200 L bioreactor by growing a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that produces the recombinant protein IgG, 4) Build a manufacturing process to produce multi‐chamber bioreactors. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Josh Ramsey New Product Development Center: Robert Taylor
Copper Nanocatalyst as Efficient Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Continuous Syntheses of Pharmaceuticals through Cross‐Coupling Reactions In this project, the investigator proposes to develop inexpensive, earth abundant and less toxic copper (Cu) based heterogeneous photocatalyst with activity superior to that of traditionally used expensive, rare‐earth and toxic homogeneous Pd catalysts for cross‐coupling reactions. The project involves two specific aims: 1) Develop an in‐operando spectroscopic technique to identify stable Cu nanocatalysts and green solvents for cross couplings, 2) Evaluate the performance of Cu nanocatalysts of different sizes under visible‐light irradiation to identify Cu nanocatalysts with activity superior to Pd based catalysts for cross couplings. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Marimuthu Andiappan
Collaborative Research: Understanding an Active and Beneficial Role for Water in Solid‐Acid Catalyzed Hydrocarbon Chemistry The collaborative team will address the question of whether water can enhance activity for hydrocarbon reactions in solid‐acid catalysts, determine if the phenomenon is general or limited to only a few reagents, and attempt to elucidate the mechanistic origins of water’s active role. A combination of synthesis, in‐situ spectroscopy, reactor, and computational experiments will be used to verify how water acts mechanistically as a function of water concentration in the reaction mixture, and if previously proposed proton‐hopping or Grotthuss theories, transition‐state solvation, or synergistic effects afforded by water‐reagent clusters at the active site are operative when activity increases are measured. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: J.L. White
GOALI: Using Tapered Copolymers to Understand Nanoscale Interfaces within Polymeric Materials and Their Influence on Macroscale Properties The PI will collaborate with scientists at Chevron Phillips Chemical Co. to investigate the design of and morphological properties in tapered copolymers. The project will include design of a matrix of tapered copolymer chain architectures, and design of non‐invasive and non destructive magnetic resonance experiments to identify differential interface chain composition and dynamics with chemical specificity. Styrene and butadiene monomers are used in this study to demonstrate that a novel range of chain‐level and macroscopic properties are accessible using common monomer feeds, especially when starting with monomers whose homopolymers have a 200 degree difference in their respective glass transition temperatures. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: J.L. White
Evaluation of Surface Wettability as a Parameter in Preferential Separation of Multi‐ Component Dissolved Gas Systems and Bubble Points of Pure Liquids This work proposes a systematic experimental investigation on the influence of wettability on pressure‐driven bubble nucleation. Experiments will be conducted to determine whether a specific gas can be preferentially liberated from a liquid solution containing multiple dissolved gases. Combinations of gases, aqueous and organic liquid phases will be used to test this hypothesis at a molecular scale using test facilities integrated with gas analysis. Well‐controlled experiments will also be conducted to understand the effect of reservoir wettability on required supersaturation levels for bubble nucleation. The basic knowledge derived will be useful to control gas evolution rates from supersaturated liquids. Sponsor: American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund PI/PD: Prem Bikkina
Advanced Cement Characterization and Modeling to Evaluate Novel Additives to Improve Wellbore Integrity The main deliverable from this project is to design new cement mixtures with nano‐particle sized additives that have superior properties to prevent wellbore leakage. This will be reached by evaluating cement mixtures in the laboratory and incorporating the results in the FEM well integrity design software which can be used to determine the optimum additives for a given well design. The laboratory study will investigate cement slurry properties including dynamic fluid losses and thickening time, as well as advanced characterization of the cement compressive strength and bonding strength to rock and casing, and deformation properties including shrinkage. Sponsor: National Academy of Sciences PI/PDs: Geir Hareland, Runar Nygaard
Joint Industry Project for the Quantification of Fluid Phase Kinetics in Hydrocarbons Phase 2 Phase 2 will consist of two research aims: 1) Quantify the impact of inlet conditioning on gas evolution rates, 2) Quantify the effect of production chemicals on gas evolution rates. For both research aims, the impact of temperature on gas evolution rates will also be evaluated. These research aims build on the Phase 1 work that showed the importance of both shear and crude oil heterogeneity on gas evolution rates. Sponsors: Exxon‐Mobil Upstream Research Company, Anadarko Petroleum Company, Chevron U.S.A. Inc., Equinor AS PI/PDs: Clint Aichele, Sayeed Mohammad Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: J.P. Conner
Computational Modeling of the Onset of Diabetic Kidney Disease The primary outcome of the project will be a computational model that incorporates biological uncertainty into the biochemical reaction networks involved in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Simulation results using the computational model will be useful for understanding the synchrony of key events that lead to glomerular injury in DKD. This improved understanding has the potential to advance treatment options for diabetes and prevent the serious complication of end‐stage kidney failure. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Ashlee Ford Versypt
Generating Nonnative Structures in Binary Ionic Liquid Mixtures for Tunable Phase Equilibria Properties At present, there is a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding the rules that can be applied to determine a priori if binary ionic liquid mixtures will exhibit molecular structure different from their pure ionic liquid counterparts and how the nonideal behavior manifests itself in the phase equilibria properties of ionic liquid with gases and solvents. This research project seeks to fulfill this gap in the ionic liquid field so that practically limitless opportunities offered by a large number of binary ionic liquid mixtures to design environmentally friendly chemical processes could be taken advantage of. REU supplement funding was also received. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Jindal Shah
Ex Vivo Generation of Dendritic Cells from an Advanced Vascular Tissue Construct The researcher’s long‐term goal is to develop dendritic cells (DCs)‐based therapeutics to treat a variety of diseases and that can be custom made to meet the needs of an individual patient. The objective of this project, as an initial step to reach that goal, is to develop a novel method that can produce functional DCs to be used for further research of DCs and eventually for therapeutic treatment of disease. The research will include use of a novel tissue‐engineered construct within a bioreactor with flow conditions. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Heather Fahlenkamp
Leakage risk assessment for plugged and abandoned oil and gas wells The primary objective is to develop a methodology for evaluating the quality of the barrier system of a permanently plugged and abandoned well by expressing barrier system quality in terms of leakage probability and potential future leakage rates. Secondary objectives are: Establish a reliability model for the barrier system in a permanently plugged and abandoned well; Develop a leakage calculator for oil and gas escaping the barrier system; Develop a model for long‐ and short‐term pressure forecasting in the well vicinity; Establish uncertainty quantification models for all phenomenological models developed and implement sensitivity analyses to understand critical factors. Sponsor: International Research Institute of Stavanger AS PI/PDs: Geir Hareland, Runar Nygaard
Multi‐Scale Mechanisms for Wettability Alteration: Insight in the Development of Wettability Inversion Strategies This project addresses reservoir wettability focusing on the impact of external factors such as salinity, surfactants, and CO2 on reservoir wettability. Reservoir wettability is a critical parameter for determining production potential of a field, and accurate prediction of this behavior is critical for predicting ultimate production. Objectives include: 1) Obtain high pressure/temperature contact angle and interfacial tension data to elucidate reservoir wettability at reservoir conditions for reservoirs of interest to ADNOC, 2) Elucidate wettability mechanisms as a function of salinity, CO2 concentration, surfactants, temperature, and pressure at reservoir conditions, 3) Incorporate the data into models to predict reservoir wettability. Sponsor: Rice University for Abu Dhabi National Oil Company PI/PDs: Clint Aichele, Prem Bikkina
FRI Viscous Distillation The project will quantify the impact of viscosity on mass transfer efficiency. An Oldershaw column will be constructed and operated in order to obtain efficiency data of viscous systems. Sponsor: Fractionation Research, Inc. PI/PDs: Clint Aichele, Sayeed Mohammad, James Whiteley
UNS: Collaborative Research: Non‐Membrane, Low Temperature and Low Emission Water Desalination Using Directional Solvent The objectives in this project are to: 1) design highly efficient directional solvents (DS) for a novel water desalination technology, and 2) based on these solvents, design and demonstrate a continuous desalination system which is clean, membrane‐free and can utilize very low temperature heat sources. The research will be driven by the hypothesis that the water solubility in DSs can be tuned by varying their molecular structures. Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations will be performed to calculate the phase‐equilibria of DSs with salt and water as a function of temperature. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Jindal Shah
Building 3D Liver Organoid from Bottoms‐Up for Drug Screening In order to improve the screening and development of pharmaceuticals, many in vitro culture techniques have been explored. Developments in 3D cultures show that 3D space regulates localization and concentration of a variety of signals with the entire cell surface, similar to the in vivo environment. Based on these principles, this work uses a novel bioprinting technique to precisely pattern hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells to create 3D hepatic organoid layer‐by‐layer. This work aims at using chitosan‐gelatin thermosensitive hydrogel for developing 3D hepatic tissue that can be used to print stable fibers less than 75 m in thickness. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Sundararajan Madihally
Gas Evolution Rates in Hydrocarbons as a Function of Flow, Temperature, and Pressure for Gas/Liquid Separator Applications The long range goal is to develop a methodology to measure gas evolution rates in the field for gas/liquid separator design and troubleshooting applications. This project is the first step toward achieving this goal. The work objectives are to establish an experimental protocol to measure gas evolution rates in flowing conditions, create a milestone roadmap for developing a gas evolution test program, and propose a commercially viable experimental methodology for further field testing. Completion of this work will provide the necessary information to perform the longer range work for a larger project that might include the establishment of a JIP. Sponsor: Chevron U.S.A., Inc. PI/PDs: Clint Aichele, Sayeed Mohammad, Rob Whiteley
CAREER: Multifunctional Polymer Coatings of Virus Particles for Safer and More Efficient Gene Delivery The study will investigate the effects of both PEG and PLL on overall gene delivery efficiency of a targeted polymer/adenovirus hybrid vector by exploring a library of grafted copolymers with varying polymer molecular weights and grafting ratios. The study also aims to better understand why some of the PEG‐PLL copolymers perform better than others by elucidating the limiting step(s) in the gene delivery process. The investigator will study and compare the mechanisms by which the hybrid vectors and native adenovirus transform cells and compare the efficiency and rate at which the viral and hybrid vectors overcome barriers to gene delivery. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Josh Ramsey
Resource Recovery from Produced Water using Forward Osmosis and Membrane‐assisted Regeneration of Draw Solutions The objective is to identify and develop novel, feasible, cost effective produced water treatment processes that are comparable in cost to the disposal of produced water by underground injection. Specifically, the research will optimize a newly developed produced water treatment technology based on a Forward Osmosis process to recover valuable materials, purified water and recyclable brine from an integrated operation that can be used as a trailer mounted modular field unit. Sponsor: Frosty Cooling Systems, LLC PI/PDs: Seok‐Jhin Kim Civil and Environmental Engineering: Mark Krzmarzick
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
MEGASLAB RSA with S3 Concrete Technologies A concrete mixture will be completed for slab on grade with different water reducer. The mixture will be completed without additive, with additive + spray, and with additive + fibers + spray. Compression testing, flexural testing, freeze thaw testing, and ion permeability testing will be completed for all three mixtures. Additional tests of the additives and spray will also be conducted, such as testing a concrete beam with spray on only one side, and investigation of the combination of additive and saturated calcium hydroxide solution. Sponsor: S3 Concrete Technologies, Inc. PI/PD: Tyler Ley
Screening Tools for Considering Grade Separation of Rail‐Highway Crossings in Oklahoma The Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) addresses grade crossing safety issues by allocating federal funding through the Railway‐Highway Crossing Program. At‐grade rail‐ highway crossings lead to economic losses due to vehicle delays and potential train‐vehicle collisions. To consider the need and priorities for grade separation at crossings, data‐driven screening methodology and tools are required. The project objective is to develop a data‐driven evaluation process for ODOT to identify, evaluate, and prioritize road‐rail crossings as candidates for grade separations. Tasks include literature review, screening methodology development, prioritization of crossings for grade separation, and development of a grade separation screening tool for ODOT. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Joshua Li
Development of Usage Matrix for New Retroreflective Sheeting Materials New retroreflective sheeting materials have been developed, but results of usage combinations of these materials are not available. New materials and combination recommendations are needed to address optimum visibility in deference to the long‐standing industry standard of “brighter is better.” This project will involve review of new materials and development of recommendations for the 15 best combinations – 5 categories of traffic signs and 3 mounting techniques – addressing optimum sheeting types for the background and legend of each combination. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Samir Ahmed
Four‐Step PW Desalination Process with Zeolite and a‐Alumina Membranes Wastewater from oil and gas production, known as Produced Water (PW), has a high level of contamination with a complex chemical composition that depends on the recovery process and the geological formation. The goal of this project is to develop a process to decrease hardness, remove suspended solids, remove oil from PW and prepare it for the last step, which is desalination. The results will be used to assess energy efficiency and cost analysis of this method and compare with conventional PW management methods. Sponsor: United States Geological Survey PI/PD: David Lampert
Understanding Air Content Measurement Techniques for Durability Prediction Dr. Ley will provide hands‐on training at Oklahoma State University for the Super Air Meter. Additionally, Dr. Ley will provide training for the preparation and evaluation of ASTM C457 samples and results. Dr. Ley will assist with the evaluation of the data from the field collected samples. He will consult with Kansas State University project personnel and students on the possible re‐calibration of Super Air Meter measurements for predicting spacing factor for typical Kansas paving mixtures. Additionally, Dr. Ley can share insights on the latest advancements for screening for accuracy in running the test. Sponsor: Kansas State University for the Kansas Department of Transportation PI/PD: Tyler Ley
Review and Analysis of Current Environmental‐DNA Methodologies Being Developed and Used ODOT projects must meet requirements to minimize and avoid disturbances to endangered and threatened species to comply with the Endangered Species Act. Current methods to determine endangered species presence are expensive, intrusive, and often have inconclusive results. Using environmental DNA to detect the presence in a non‐intrusive, quick‐yet‐sensitive, and relatively inexpensive manner is relatively new. This task order will include compilation of complete review and analysis of environmental‐DNA methodologies being developed and used. The review will determine where and by whom are these methods being developed, for what targets and purposes, and how are they being deployed in the field. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Mark Krzmarzick
Non‐Pavement‐Intrusive Technologies for Vehicle Classification for Toll Collection The primary objective of this project is to provide OTA with detailed analysis of the fitness of various non‐pavement‐intrusive vehicle detection and classification technologies under different roadway, traffic, and environmental conditions to inform decision‐makers of the accuracy, performance, and life‐cycle‐cost of these technologies. Sponsor: Oklahoma Turnpike Authority PI/PDs: Keith Teague, Samir Ahmed
ODOT Involvement with the NCAT Test Track and Task Groups The project will involve researching ODOT involvement and participation in the NCAT test Track and task groups. A comprehensive report will be provided detailing ODOT involvement from 2000 forward including the 2018‐2020 test cycle. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Steve Cross, Joshua Li
Updating ODOT’s Contract Time Determination System Establishing contract time is an integral part of the highway project development process as contract time plays a significant role in determining the expected project delivery date as well as the overall cost of a project. The 23 CFR requires State DOTs to have adequate written procedures for the determination of contract time. ODOT’s existing contract time determination system is no longer functioning because of the upgrade of computer operating systems and software updates as well as personnel turnover. Therefore, there is an urgent need to upgrade and improve the existing system. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Yongwei Shan, Gouranga Banik
Contraire: Wastewater Treatment Plant Testing & Aeration Control Services Contraire’s control system technology will enable an innovative alternative testing approach to the typical five‐day testing method currently used at wastewater treatment plants by providing real‐time feedback based off of key wastewater quality parameters and specialized algorithms. A Beta test will be implemented at the Stillwater, Oklahoma wastewater treatment plant. Sponsor: National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance (NCIIA) d/b/a/ VentureWell PI/PD: David Lampert
Evaluating the Performance of Existing Reinforcement for Oklahoma Bridges Corrosion‐related problems generally lead to significant maintenance expenditures. By identifying the optimum reinforcement design considerations, considerable savings in maintenance budgets can be achieved. The proposed activities include: 1) Perform a literature review on field corrosion performance of concrete material, 2) Conduct a detailed investigation of concrete panels reinforced with epoxy‐coated rebar sampled from northbound I‐35 bridge over Cow Creek. Sponsor: University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc. for Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Julie A. Hartell
Use of a Novel Controlled Release Surface Curing Agent for Bridge Decks – Phase 2 The project will continue to investigate novel curing techniques that can be rapidly applied to the surface of fresh concrete and not cause deformations in the concrete surface. This material should show equal or better curing performance then typical wet curing methods and be sustainable and safe for the environment. Objectives include: 1) Evaluate the importance of timing when applying curing methods on bridge decks, 2) Develop field application methods and assessment of novel curing materials, 3) Develop specifications for quality control and usage of novel curing materials, 4) Work with contractors to implement this technology and evaluate the effectiveness. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Tyler Ley
Development of Pay Item Categories and Special Provisions for Erosion and Sediment Control Devices to be Used by ODOT The project involves determining existing practices across the United States used for mitigating impacts of construction and transportation infrastructure on relocated streams and habitats. Literature review from sources including TRB, AASHTO and state DOTs for guidance documents and existing specifications will be used to determine potential approaches for ODOT. Performance data on various turf reinforcement mats and other erosion control methods will be compiled and accessed for potential applicability. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: David Lampert
Applying Passive Samplers to Assess Perfluoroalkylated Substances in Soils and Sediments The overall goal of the proposed research project is to develop a standardized passive sampling method for characterization of risks associated with perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in soils and sediments. As part of the proposed research, a series of laboratory experiments will be performed to characterize the distribution of PFAS between soil, water, and passive samplers. Sponsor: Accurate Environmental LLC for the United States Environmental Protection Agency PI/PD: David Lampert
Utilizing Pavement Friction and Texture Data for the Reduction of Traffic Crashes and Delays The objective is to use pavement friction, surface texture, and other data to reduce traffic crashes and delays. The research aims to: 1) integrate pavement condition, road geometry, traffic flow, and crash data into a GIS database; 2) determine statistical significance of this data with roadway crash types; 3) develop friction model for non‐contact pavement friction evaluation from raw texture profile using signal processing and deep learning techniques; 4) demonstrate the role of friction and texture data in selection of preventative maintenance strategies; 5) develop a framework on how friction and texture data are considered in pavement maintenance decision making. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Joshua Li, Kelvin Wang, Yongwei Shan
I‐Corps: Data Quality Assurance and Inventory Tool (One Voice) for Sewer Inspection Data I‐Corps encourages translation of fundamental research to the marketplace, promotes industry and academic collaboration, and trains faculty and students in entrepreneurship. The proposed technology includes: 1) a data quality assurance tool to evaluate and improve the data quality of current sewer pipeline inspections and 2) a comprehensive and uniform sewer data inventory based on the collected sewer pipe inspections across the country. This technology will provide the sewer industry with easily accessible and high‐quality data to support wastewater infrastructure asset management. I‐Corps funding will allow the team to conduct customer discovery and better target the potential customers of the technology. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Yongwei Shan
Element Data: HDR: Enabling Data Interoperability for NSF Archives of High‐rate Real‐time GPS and Seismic Observations of Induced Earthquakes and Structural Damage Detection in OK This project addresses challenges that limit the joint exploitation of real‐time GPS and seismic data: 1) assuring gap‐free archive quality transmission of realtime data streams from remote stations to the final community archive, and 2) producing precise GPS displacement time series that can be incorporated into the community seismology archive. The project builds on existing capabilities by adding modules to the Antelope Environmental Monitoring System and leverages the NSF investment in seismic data feeds to community archives. These new modules will handle data streams in a manner that is independent of the content and formats of the environmental sensor measurements. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Mohamed Soliman
New Steel Connections for Seismic Retrofit and Strengthening of Bridges and Buildings This project investigates the behavior of steel connections that are both bolted and welded, with the bolts and the welds sharing loads. Steel building connections have traditionally relied on either bolts or welds to transfer forces from member to member. However, for many applications in existing structures it becomes apparent that strengthening can only be accomplished by welding pre‐existing bolted connections. This research is in partnership with W&W|AFCO Steel and the American Institute of Steel Construction. The goal is to provide design guidance for realistic configurations of connections employing bolts and welds that may exist in steel buildings and bridges. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Mohamed Soliman, Bruce Russell
Aeration Process Controls to Reduce Energy Costs in Wastewater Treatment Plants Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) use large quantities of energy for treatment. WWTPs often drastically oversupply oxygen in their aeration processes. The problem of excess energy consumption in these facilities is particularly pervasive in rural areas where operational budgets are limited. The long‐term goal of the proposed project is to develop a simple, cost effective approach to decrease energy costs in WWTPs using new process control and design technology. The proposed technology has potential commercial viability through the sales of a monthly licensing agreement to ensure compliance and reduce WWTP energy costs. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: David Lampert, Tyler Ley Electrical and Computer Engineering: James Stine
Global Computer Analysis to Include Hinge Crack and Thermal Stresses on the I‐235 Bridge in OKC The principal investigator will investigate the cause of cracking originating from the hinges within the 1‐235 bridge. The assessment will integrate a review of bridge data, computer analysis, and the results of the ongoing structural health monitoring of the bridge. Bridge data (e.g., sectional dimensions, reinforcement details, paste tensioning attributes) will be extracted from as‐built drawings and inspection/repair reports. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Mohamed Soliman
Review of Silane Program for Acceptance Testing The project includes review of current processes and results regarding silane treatment and acceptance to provide recommendations that will yield increased efficiency for treatment, leading to enhanced long‐term performance. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Norbert Delatte, Tyler Ley
Investigation of Slag‐Cement Effects on High Sulfate Soils in Oklahoma This project will investigate slag‐cement and its effects on high sulfate soils found in Oklahoma. It has been determined that utilizing slag‐cement in order to control sulfate induced heave as a stabilizing agent will help the Oklahoma Department of Transportation establish new protocols in this troublesome area. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Rifat Bulut
Ground Tire Rubber (GTR), (dry process) Experiment Pavement Surface Evaluation ODOT will place a GTR test section on a county/state highway in early 2019. This project will gather surface data from both the GTR and control sections of pavement, including but not limited to cracking and surface texture at intervals of pre placement, post placement, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Kelvin Wang, Joshua Li
Transportation Consortium of South‐Central States (Tran‐SET): A Comprehensive Framework for Life‐Cycle Cost Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks The project focuses on introducing an approach that: (a) characterizes the life‐cycle maintenance needs and repair intervals associated with bridge decks constructed using various reinforcement alternatives in FHWA Region‐6, (b) develops a systematic methodology for quantifying the impact of bridge maintenance on indirect life‐cost including the effect of increased travel time, work zone crashes, operating cost, greenhouse gas emissions, and social losses, and (c) compares different steel reinforcement materials (e.g., regular, epoxy coated, galvanized, stainless steel, and MMFX) based on their long term performance and maintenance requirements. Sponsor: Louisiana State University and A&M College for the United States Department of Transportation PI/PDs: Mohamed Soliman, M. Samir Ahmed
Transportation Consortium of South‐Central States (Tran‐SET): Vehicle Sensing and Communications Using LED Headlights to Enhance the Performance of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Proof‐of‐Concept, Implementation, and Applications This project aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of traffic data required for developing effective visible‐light‐based intelligent transportation system technologies and solutions. The objective is to perform a proof‐of‐concept for the ViLDAR system by conducting the following tasks: 1) implement the ViLDAR system in a real‐world setting, 2) perform lab and field tests in various scenarios, 3) optimize the ViLDAR system performance, and 4) test the ViLDAR system in different applications. Sponsor: Louisiana State University and A&M College for the United States Department of Transportation PI/PDs: Sabit Ekin, M. Samir Ahmed
An Integrated Framework for Prediction of Fatigue Crack Propagation Under Random Sea Loading Through Coupled Experimental and Numerical Analysis The research will include 1) small‐scale experimental testing to collect data that can reduce uncertainty in crack growth parameters in marine steels, 2) large‐scale testing to characterize the crack growth in stiffened box girders subjected to variable amplitude sea loading, and 3) developing an integrated numerical approach using finite element analysis and fracture mechanics approaches to predict crack growth under realistic conditions often encountered in ships. Sponsor: Office of Naval Research PI/PD: Mohamed Soliman
Transportation Consortium of South‐Central States (Tran‐SET): Developing Implementable Climatic Input Data and Moisture Boundary Conditions for Pavement Analysis and Design This project is to develop realistic climatic input data for identifying surface and subsurface moisture boundary conditions, and to develop a practical numerical model for predicting the moisture regime within the pavement subgrade system. Sponsor: Louisiana State University and A&M College for the United States Department of Transportation PI/PD: Rifat Bulut
Engineering Biocatalysts Consortium for Efficient Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Greenhouse Gas Mixture to Fuels and Chemicals The overall goal of this study is to increase butanol yield by more than 30%. Dr. Lampert’s role will include performing a life cycle assessment to compare the environmental impacts of petroleum and corn‐based butanol and jet fuel production pathways to those from switchgrass using novel co‐fermentation processes with the new biocatalysts in this project. Sponsor: South Dakota State University for National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: David Lampert Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering: Hasan Atiyeh
FAST Act Emergency Vehicle (EV‐3) Load Rating The Fast Act made certain emergency vehicles including fire trucks legal on the Interstate and within reasonable access to the Interstate. These vehicles can generate greater load effects in bridges as compared to other legal vehicles. These EVs now must be considered when load rating and posting bridges on the Interstate and within the range of reasonable access to the Interstate (generally taken to be one mile from an Interstate interchange). The existing bridge in the Cooper Lab at OSU provides a unique opportunity to study the actual stresses and strains on a full scale load from an EV3 loading. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Bruce Russell
Protecting Piers of Overhead Structures from Degradation Due to Snow and Ice Chemical and Material Usage, Phase II Degradation of piers due to corrosion of reinforcing bar is a major maintenance problem for Ohio DOT districts. This corrosion is largely caused by plows throwing chloride laden ice and snow onto the piers and by chloride laden spray from vehicle traffic. This Phase II project will evaluate the effectiveness of two products in providing a barrier to protect the piers from chloride laden ice, snow and spray. The Poly Salt Armor product and the polyaspartic product will both be evaluated. The cost effectiveness of both products will also be addressed. Sponsor: University of Cincinnati for the Ohio Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Norb Delatte
Development of Maintenance Equipment Rental Rates for ODOT When utilizing equipment or vehicle fleet assets for maintenance operations, the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) must be able to accurately measure the monetary effects on depreciable equipment budgets. Equipment “rental rates” were internally adopted to track and adjust this depreciable equipment budget, but the rates have not been updated since Fiscal Year 2010. The objective of this project is to develop a guide to calculate equipment rental rates as well as a methodology to continuously update the rate for ODOT’s use. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Yongwei Shan, Gouranga Banik
Determining Concrete Patch Locations Other Than Visual This project concerns patch locations in concrete and asphalt‐on‐concrete pavements in Indiana It is difficult from visual inspection alone to determine the health of an existing pavement patch. Concrete pavement patches are frequently overlain with asphalt, effectively concealing the location until failure is well underway. The research goal is to find methods to locate and classify three types of concrete patches and to deliver a corresponding patching table. The approach will use the 3D imaging system to create a 1 mm resolution image of the pavement surface and develop an artificial intelligence based technique to narrow the patch search area. Sponsor: Purdue University for Indiana Department of Transportation PI/PDs: Kelvin Wang, Joshua Li
P3 Award: Decreasing the Energy Use in Wastewater Treatment The technical aims of this P3 student design project are to: (1) construct a lab‐scale experiment to analyze the relationships between critical biological process parameters including dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and aeration; (2) build a simple, automated process control to adjust aeration inputs as oxygen and organic levels fluctuate; (3) simulate the lab‐ scale results using a mathematical model that can be extended to the full‐scale facility; and (4) assess the potential energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost savings associated with this design using life cycle analysis. Sponsor: United States Environmental Protection Agency PI/PDs: David Lampert Electrical and Computer Engineering: James Stine
Concrete Pavement Mixtures with High Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) Content The principal objectives of phase I of this project are to first validate/calibrate existing fly ash compositional equations that predict properties of concrete materials for pavements and then extend and/or develop new characterization protocols for high SCM replacement rates of cement (fly ash and slag) available in the State of Illinois. The goal is to have simple characterization and testing protocols that will allow the use of high volume SCMs in concrete pavement without compromising workability, air content, initial setting time, early strength gain, long term mechanical properties, and durability. Sponsor: The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois for the Illinois Department of Transportation for the United States Department of Transportation PI/PD: Tyler Ley
Performance Engineered Concrete Paving Mixtures – TPF 5(368) Tasks include: 1) Prepare slides for workshops and webinars, 2) Webinars – Prepare overview of the PEM specification and give annual update on new tests and lessons learned, 3) Guide states in the use of specification, 4) Test support – Demo at NC2 – Guidance documents, 5) Shadow Project Support – Project level education with workshop and testing demonstrations, 6) Set up database, 7) Collect, save and publish field data and pavement performance, 7) Update AASHTO – Annual update on system performance and revise specification, 8) Water content – develop/improve test method, 9) Review constructability. Sponsor: Snyder & Associates, Inc. for Iowa State University for Iowa Department of Transportation PI/PD: Tyler Ley
Surface Resistivity Testing for Quality Control of Concrete Materials The goal is development of guidelines using resistivity as a means for mixture approval and acceptance in addition to current specifications. Within the scope of ODOT’s ongoing project, SP&R 2266, there is a need to expand the new test method to include different materials than those currently evaluated for ODOT: class A and AA mixtures containing fly ash. Tasks include evaluation of materials commonly used in Southern Plains states such as different cement types and supplementary cementitious materials. The developed test method would be revised to include additional mixture types. This research could lead to national acceptance of the method. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for the Southern Plains Transportation Center for the US Department of Transportation PI/PD: Julie A. Hartell
Behavior of Steel Connections with Bolts and Welds in Combination This project investigates the behavior of steel connections that are both bolted and welded, with the bolts and the welds sharing loads. The research is a collaborative effort between OSU and W&W/AFCO Steel Co. which will provide the fabricated samples to be tested at the Bert Cooper Engineering Laboratory at OSU. Additionally, W&W/AFCO Steel Co. will provide technical expertise and technical support to help ensure the overall success of the research program. The goal of the project is to provide design guidance for realistic configurations of connections employing bolts and welds that may exist in steel buildings and bridges. Sponsor: American Institute of Steel Construction PI/PDs: Mohamed Soliman, Bruce Russell
Development of PCR Based Source Tracking of Fecal Coliform Contamination Instead of targeting fecal coliforms, this project focuses on the DNA from the host itself. One specific target is the hosts' mitochondrial DNA (miDNA). The benefit of miDNA is that though every animal cell has just 1 copy of the animals nucleic (core) DNA, it contains up to thousands of mitochondria (and associated DNA sequences). Thus, this miDNA can more easily be detected than animal nucleic DNA. The objective is to develop a PCR and a qPCR based method to detect mitochondria DNA from various animals for the purpose of fecal coliform source tracking. Sponsor: Accurate Environmental LLC PI/PD: Mark Krzmarzick
Developing Standard Definition for Comparable Pavement Cracking Data In order to unify data reporting, sharing, and evaluation, standardization of pavement cracking definitions is needed. The objective of this project is to develop standard, discrete definitions for common cracking types in flexible, rigid, and composite pavements. The standard definitions shall be used to facilitate comparable measurement and interpretation of pavement cracking. The definitions shall be of sufficient detail to serve as the basis to meet user and system requirements for developing automated cracking software, and for being compatible with both existing and emerging image‐based data collection technologies. Sponsor: National Academy of Sciences for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Kelvin Wang, Joshua Li
Development of Aggregate Characteristics‐Based Preventive Maintenance Treatments Using 3D Laser Imaging and Aggregate Imaging Technology for Optimized Skid Resistance of Pavements – Phase II The project studies the aggregate used in maintenance treatments of pavements. In Phase I, a significant amount of pavement performance data was collected for more than 40 field test sites, which were selected considering the commonly used aggregates, typical Oklahoma preventative treatments, different surface ages, and various traffic conditions. In order to develop more reliable and accurate skid resistance deterioration models, the project is extended to collect additional field data sets and refine the deterioration models and life cycle cost analysis. The objective is to develop an aggregate selection procedure for preventive maintenance treatments of pavements in Oklahoma. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Joshua Li, Kelvin Wang
Continuous Friction Measurement Equipment (CFME) for Highway Safety Management in Oklahoma Objectives are: 1) Evaluate Grip Tester capabilities for continuous friction measurements (CFME), and 2) Provide information for Oklahoma Pavement Safety Management. Sub‐ objectives are: 1) Compare CFME measurements from Grip Tester with data from ODOT locked‐ wheel trailers. 2) Use Oklahoma pavement surfaces to investigate effect of operational factors on CFME friction measurements. 3) Provide guidance for ODOT to implement CFME for pavement management programs for surface treatment selection. 4) Use CFME data to develop crash rate prediction model and use PaveVision3D technology to collect 1mm 3D data. 5) Develop software that allows users to visualize and analyze continuous pavement friction data. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Joshua Li, Kelvin Wang
Implement Balanced Asphalt Mix Design in Oklahoma The project will result in development of draft specifications and draft supplemental specifications for a balanced mix design procedure for the Oklahoma Department of Transportation, which will move ODOT away from a voids based mix design procedure, allowing more innovative design concepts and producing longer lasting more durable and rut resistant pavements. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Stephen Cross, Joshua Li
Collaborative Research: WERF: GOALI: Bioaugmentation‐Enhanced Anammox for Mainstream Nitrogen Removal The project involves collaborative research between the University of Arizona, Oklahoma State University and an industrial partner, Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department. The university collaboration will combine engineering expertise on nonconventional biological nutrient‐nitrogen removal with expertise on metagenomics/transcriptomics to gain insights and biomarkers to improve the process. The project directly addresses the National Academy of Engineering’s grand challenge of improving the management of the nitrogen cycle by developing technology to control the load of excess nutrient nitrogen into the environment. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Mark Krzmarzick
Long‐Term Performance Monitoring of High Friction Surfacing Treatments (HFST) Sites The OSU team will identify the influential factors in HFST service life, select approximately 30 sites for data collection across 11 states based on a comprehensive experimental design considering these factors, and develop an overall data collection method for each site. The OSU team will also develop a software package for collection of field cracking, profiling, texture, geometric data, and use of grip tester for friction. Relevant data sets will also be gathered from state agencies. The OSU team will conduct a comprehensive analysis of the time series performance data collected in the field and also in the laboratory environment. Sponsor: Texas A&M Transportation Institute for Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Kelvin Wang, Joshua Li
Using Medical X‐ray Machines to Determine the Service Life of Concrete Medical X‐ray machines will be used to image the penetration of fluids containing a tracer into concrete. This information is used to calculate the diffusion coefficient of the concrete. This is an indication of how easy it is for outside fluids to penetrate the concrete and is useful to predict the service life of the concrete structure. A software package developed in this project will take the raw data and use standards to determine the rate of penetration of the fluid. The software then can calculate the service life of the structure by using two different well established models. Sponsor: National Academy of Sciences for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Tyler Ley
Using In Situ Chemical and Structure Mapping of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement to Control Hydration The goal is to understand the mechanisms that control formation of the microstructure of concrete that uses calcium sulfoaluminate cement. 3D in‐situ structure and chemistry imaging techniques will be used at multiple length scales in combination with microstructural modeling to characterize, quantify, and understand the structure, chemistry, and properties of concrete over the first 12 hours. The focus will be on initial formation of the microstructure over the first hours of reaction with water, including evaluation of the role of crystal defects on dissolution rate, identification of nucleation sites, and characterization of evolving density and composition of phases that precipitate. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Tyler Ley
Updated Analysis of Michigan Traffic Inputs for Pavement ME Design The OSU team will provide technical support to assist the Michigan State University (MSU) team in conducting a weigh‐in‐motion (WIM) data check aiming to obtain new Level 1 WIM data with high data quality with the Prep‐ME software. The OSU team will investigate how Prep‐ME can be used to support the new cluster development, and to provide traffic clustering outputs for subsequent Pavement ME Design analyses by the MSU team. The OSU team will also evaluate the Michigan cluster operations in the Prep‐ME software and identify necessary updates or corrections from the previous task findings. Sponsor: Michigan State University for the Michigan Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Joshua Li, Kelvin Wang
Transportation Consortium of South‐Central States (Tran‐SET): Sustainability‐based Long‐ term Management of Bridges under Multi‐hazards Exposure In this research, a sustainability‐based framework for the optimum management of bridges under multi‐hazard exposure will be developed. The simulation‐based framework will consider the effect of climate change by using downscaled data from global climate modeling to establish sustainability‐based long‐term risk profiles. Next, multi‐criteria optimization will be implemented to establish optimum retrofit and repair activities (e.g., optimum times and types) which simultaneously minimize life‐cycle cost and maximize sustainability metrics. Sponsor: Louisiana State University and A&M College for the United States Department of Transportation PI/PD: Mohamed Soliman
Transportation Consortium of South‐Central States (Tran‐SET): Promoting Economic Development in the Baton Rouge Area, LA: Improving the Performance of the Transportation System through Supply‐Oriented, Demand‐Oriented and Economic Measures for Mitigating Traffic Congestion This study aims to perform macro‐level network analysis to identify the extent of the congestion problem in the Baton Rouge area. Based on that, the research team will (a) identify potential supply‐oriented and demand‐oriented solutions in each problematic location, (b) investigate the anticipated benefits from each solution, and (c) investigate the economic feasibility of each solution. Sponsor: Louisiana State University and A&M College for the United States Department of Transportation PI/PD: M. Samir Ahmed
The Use of Resistivity Testing for Quality Control of Concrete Mixtures – Phase 2 The project will investigate the potential of resistivity testing in assessing the performance of typical concrete mixtures used in bridge and pavement infrastructure. The efforts are concentrated towards development of guidelines using resistivity as a means for mixture approval and compliance in addition to ODOT’s current specifications. Strength would no longer be the only value used to accept a concrete mixture; instead, a measurement of permeability could be included. Based on the outcomes of Phase 1 research activities, a systematic approach using resistivity testing for Classes A and AA concrete mixture design compliance control during construction will be developed. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Julie Hartell, Tyler Ley, Mohamed Soliman
Shrinkage Induced Deformation in Steel Bridges Made Composite with Concrete Deck Slabs – Phase 3 The project will further investigate the phenomena of concrete shrinkage and other volume changes, and assess their effects on deflections in steel bridges made composite with concrete decks. Tasks include: 1) ongoing review of relevant research, 2) perform forensic investigation of known bridges, 3) build prototype to test bracing systems for formwork and screeds, 4) build, monitor and test full‐sized prototype bridge, 5) laboratory testing, 6) field bridge instrumentation and monitoring, 7) computational analysis of shrinkage and other effects, 8) identify likely causes for excessive or unpredicted deflections, 9) develop and refine design and construction methods for ODOT bridges. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Bruce Russell
Resource Recovery from Produced Water using Forward Osmosis and Membrane‐assisted Regeneration of Draw Solutions The objective is to identify and develop novel, feasible, cost effective produced water treatment processes that are comparable in cost to the disposal of produced water by underground injection. Specifically, the research will optimize a newly developed produced water treatment technology based on a Forward Osmosis process to recover valuable materials, purified water and recyclable brine from an integrated operation that can be used as a trailer mounted modular field unit. Sponsor: Frosty Cooling Systems, LLC PI/PDs: Mark Krzmarzick Chemical Engineering: Seok‐Jhin Kim
Load Test Monitoring of I‐235 Bridge Repairs Based on inspections of grouted post tensioned bridges, ODOT discovered some durability issues with the I‐235 bridge. ODOT hired a company to plan and implement repairs. The faculty at OSU have significant experience in structural health monitoring and will help ODOT in the assessment of these repairs by performing an array of nondestructive tests including live load testing, strain monitoring, and acoustic emissions monitoring. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Robert Emerson, Julie Hartell, Bruce Russell
Evaluation of Maintenance Procedures for Bridge Spalling on Parapet Walls – Phase II Deliverables include: 1) Evaluation of polyaspartic materials, including tests to assess the material durability, the practicality of using this material in the field, and whether the material can provide containment of loose concrete. 2) If the polyaspartic material is found feasible, a standard operating procedure for application of polyaspartic material will be developed. 3) Evaluation of the use of a hydrodemolition robot for removing loose and damaged concrete from parapet walls. 4) If the robot is determined to be feasible, a standard operating procedure for use of the robot will be developed. 5) Provide information about other parapet protection systems. Sponsor: University of Cincinnati for the Ohio Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Norbert Delatte, Julie Hartell
Design of an Airplane Transporting System The goal of this project is to complete the full research, conceptualization and design for a 90 degree curve that is bounded on each end with a 15 meter straight section of the underground airplane conveyance system presented to Oklahoma State University by Airplane Transport Systems. The design process will be completed in 18 months with all documentation necessary to fabricate and install the system for testing with an aircraft. Sponsor: ATC World Wide, LLC PI/PDs: Julie Hartell, Mohamed Soliman Electrical and Computer Engineering: Nishantha Ekneligoda Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: James Kidd New Product Development Center: Robert Taylor
Development of Guidelines for High‐Volume Recycled Materials for Sustainable Concrete Pavement Incorporating a high volume of recycled materials in concrete production can reduce cost and decrease the carbon footprint without compromising performance and service life. The objective is to produce concrete for conventional pavement construction that incorporates at least 50% recycled materials. For this project, the OSU investigator is collaborating with OU and will be conducting investigations to evaluate the durability performance of concrete mixtures designed and fabricated at OU. This entails determining the resistivity and chloride diffusivity parameters for concrete samples. Also, a series of freeze‐thaw testing on concrete beam samples and salt scaling on slab samples will be conducted. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for the Southern Plains Transportation Center for Oklahoma Department of Transportation PI/PD: Julie Hartell
Development of statewide WIM data quality control and axle load spectra and traffic volume adjustment factors for Oklahoma Oklahoma Department of Transportation operates weigh‐in‐motion (WIM) stations and is actively adopting portable WIM programs. No comprehensive study has been conducted before to evaluate the quality of WIM data in Oklahoma. In this project, quality control metrics and associated software interfaces will be developed for checking the quality of statewide WIM data. Site‐specific, region‐specific, and statewide traffic inputs required for Mechanistic‐ Empirical based pavement design in Oklahoma will also be developed. Deliverables include: WIM data software, a guideline on how often and under what circumstances a WIM station should be calibrated, comprehensive database and software interface, software training and technical support. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for the Southern Plains Transportation Center for Oklahoma Department of Transportation PI/PDs: Joshua Li, Kelvin C.P. Wang, Cheng Chen
Incorporation of Speed Data Sets in Traffic Performance Analysis (SPTC 15.2‐8) The goal is to develop a Travel Time Reliability Monitoring System (TTRMS) to improve the reliability of network and highway travel times by mitigating the effects of events that cause travel times to fluctuate unpredictably. The TTRMS complements the capabilities of existing transportation management centers (TMC) as a new module that plugs into an existing TMC platform. The TTRMS relies on the TMC to gather infrastructure‐based and vehicle‐based sensor data, manage data processing and storage, and communicate the findings to system users. The OSU investigator will act as Co‐PI and consultant based on his expertise and experience in the topic. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for the Southern Plains Transportation Center for Oklahoma Department of Transportation PI/PD: M. Samir Ahmed
Development of Concrete Mixtures to Mitigate Bridge Deck Cracking; Validate Using 3D Bridge Deck Surface Evaluations In task one, a workshop over bridge deck cracking technologies will be held at ODOT. In task two, the researchers will investigate concrete mixtures with different technologies to minimize cracking with Oklahoma materials. In task three, the researchers will work with ODOT to construct different spans of a bridge deck that use these technologies. The forth task will use 3D crack mapping technology to follow field performance of these mixtures for three years. In task five, a specification will be authored to implement these technologies on ODOT bridges. The sixth task will be the completion of a final project report. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Tyler Ley, Kelvin Wang, Joshua Li, Bruce Russell, Julie Hartell
Performance of Moisture Barriers to Enhance Pavement Performance over Swelling Soils The state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on the application of moisture barriers indicates that performance of the moisture barrier needs to be investigated by considering properties of the site soils and climatic boundary conditions. So, the investigation will consist of laboratory soil testing, field monitoring, and computer modeling. Laboratory testing will be conducted to characterize soil types and variability at test sites and determine soil properties necessary for determining input parameters for modeling moisture migration. In addition to the basic soil index properties, the moisture diffusion characteristics of the subgrade soils will be critical for realistic modeling of the performance of moisture barriers. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Rifat Bulut
UNS: Priming of Organohalide‐Respirers to Degrade Chlorinated Ethenes with Natural Organochlorines Organochlorine pollutants such as trichloroethene (TCE) are some of the most widely distributed toxic contaminants at Superfund sites and pose significant risk to human health. This research seeks to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using naturally‐occurring organochlorines as biostimulants for in situ remediation of these organochlorine pollutants. The central hypothesis is that organohalide respiring bacteria will be stimulated and dechlorinate TCE faster and more completely in response to natural organochlorine amendments. The rationale is that with this knowledge, chlorinated pollutants may be more thoroughly and quickly remediated, thus removing major threats to human health. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Mark Krzmarzick
Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Monitoring of Six LTPP SPS‐10 Sections in Oklahoma with 3D Laser Imaging Results of this research will be an evaluation of the long‐term field performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures through a five‐year performance monitoring effort using the OSU 1mm 3D technology and several other instruments. The outcome of this project will assist ODOT and the industry in understanding WMA performance, its suitability for field implementation, and corresponding desired engineering properties. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Kelvin C.P. Wang, Joshua Li
Highway Construction Materials Technician Training and Certification Program The College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology (CEAT) at OSU is partnering with the Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the administration, management and delivery of the Training and Certification Program (HCMTP) for the Oklahoma Highway Construction Materials Technician Certification Board. This program serves ODOT, the Oklahoma Turnpike Authority, and the transportation construction industry. OSU CEAT assumes responsibility for all aspects of HCMTP training and certification including program training, certification, program administration, record keeping, and equipment upkeep and maintenance. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation PI/PDs: Stephen A. Cross Professional Development: Brandy Mays
Alternative Cementitious Materials for Development of the Next Generation of Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure As part of a collaboration with Georgia Tech on a Federal Highway Administration project, OSU is responsible for completing freeze thaw durability testing of the materials, mCT and mXRF scans of laboratory and field based samples to investigate deterioration, and surveys of several different sites where ACMs have been used to evaluate their performance. Samples will be taken from these sites and evaluated with mCT and mXRF as needed. Sponsor: Georgia Institute of Technology for Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Tyler Ley, Paul Tikalsky
Use of a Novel Controlled Release Surface Curing Agent for Bridge Decks The project involves a novel curing technique that can be rapidly applied to the surface of fresh concrete and not cause deformations in the concrete surface. The research is expected to show that the material has equal or better curing performance than typical wet curing methods and is sustainable and safe for the environment. Project objectives include: 1) Develop a field application method for the novel curing material; 2) Develop specifications for the quality control and usage of the novel curing material; 3) Work with contractors in Oklahoma to implement this technology in the field and evaluate the effectiveness. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the Federal Highway Administration PI/PDs: Tyler Ley, Kelvin Wang, Julie Hartell
Improving Specification to Resist Frost Damage in Modern Concrete Mixtures Objectives include: 1) Determine the necessary properties of the air‐void system to provide satisfactory frost durability in laboratory testing of laboratory and field concretes with different combinations of admixtures, cements, and mixing temperatures in salt environments; 2) Determine the accuracy of a field test method that measures air void system quality with field and laboratory concrete; 3) Determine critical combinations of absorption and the critical degree of saturation on the frost durability in accelerated laboratory testing in the presence of deicer salts; 4) Establish test methods and specifications for fresh and hardened concrete to determine frost durability and field performance. Sponsors: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for FHWA SPR Pooled Funds, Ready Mixed Concrete Research & Education Foundation PI/PDs: Tyler Ley Oregon State University: William Weiss
Southern Plains Transportation Center OSU is a subrecipient of the Southern Plains Transportation Center, a Regional University Transportation Center headquartered at the University of Oklahoma. OSU will conduct several research projects funded with the 2013 Regional UTC grant as well as conduct education and workforce development activities within the theme of the 2013 Regional UTC proposal. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for Southern Plains Transportation Center for U.S. Department of Transportation PI/PD: Kelvin Wang
ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
CATcare: Cognition Assistive Technology for Dementia The goal is to improve the quality and sustainability of dementia homecare via low‐cost wearable, personalized and customizable technology. The two aims are: 1) Identify major environmental cueing functionalities essential for individuals with dementia to accomplish in‐home activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs); 2) Develop and evaluate a wearable tool that can be customized by the caregiver to assist the care recipient with relative independence and quality of living at home. The proposed prototype not only encapsulates hardware innovations (smartglass and smartphone) but also advanced software solutions (image processing, machine learning, computer vision techniques). Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PDs: Guoliang Fan Human Sciences: Emily Roberts
Nested Cavity Reciprocal Field Study NASA Launch Service Program has worked with AI Solutions and Oklahoma State University to statistically characterize a cavity by using an outer reverberation chamber capability. This study will examine the reciprocal nature of the nested cavity radiated and incident fields. Characterizing the external environment using reciprocity theory will significantly reduce the computation time required to validate an internal electromagnetic environment in launch vehicle fairings. Currently only spot checks of this external environment can be performed. In this project, a series of test cases will be performed to support an analysis of the reciprocity concept in the reverberant nested cavity condition. Sponsor: AI Solutions for National Aeronautics and Space Administration PI/PD: Jim West
Disablement of Vehicles and/or Remote Weapon Stations in an Urban Environment OSU will support TechVen Systems, LLC in performing an engineering design study to develop a compact electromagnetic pulse generating system to disable a vehicle or other electronic device. OSU will investigate methods to generate large electromagnetic pulses using a magnetic induction. Analytical and numerical electromagnetic modeling will be used to predict the pulses that can be generated under different inductive configurations. OSU will also investigate resonating structures, including transmission line structures that will shape the generated pulse to be most effective for different target vehicles. Sponsor: TechVen Systems, LLC for the Army Research Office PI/PD: Jim West
A Mobile Platform for Clinical Gait Analysis There is a need to have an affordable and easy‐to‐use clinical solution for comprehensive gait analysis that can be operated in a free and natural setting by clinicians and medical professionals without special training. Toward this end, specific aims of the project are: 1) to develop a vision‐based real‐time navigation system to allow the robot to track a walking subject from behind, side or front; 2) to estimate gait kinematics from depth sequences captured from a walking subject; 3) to evaluate the performance of the proposed mobile platform for gait imbalance assessment by comparing with the gold‐standard motion capture system. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Guoliang Fan
Structured Low‐Energy High Performance Application‐Specific Computer Architectures The research emphasis is on designing a complex VLSI processor architecture and signal systems using an elaborate design flow or sequence of steps while optimizing constraints for energy, power, and speed given a complex set of OCV issues. Design flows and tools will be created to assist designers in specific computer architectures that are robust, have high amounts of performance, and are considered mobile in that they consume small amounts of power and energy. The objective for these design flows is to create an implementation that outperforms similar architectures in terms of propagation delay, yet produces savings in power consumed. Sponsor: United States Air Force PI/PD: James Stine
Space‐borne Antennas & Circuits for Condensed Radars and STEM (SPACERS) Dr. West will collaborate on the waveform optimization task and provide guidance on which metrics are crucial for improved synthetic aperture radar operations. Dr. West will also take part in the Meteorological Sciences task to combine the waveform optimization and the scientific data analysis. The team will use DBSAR‐2 to test engineering ideas and collect high quality radar datasets for the meteorological science study. A fairing will be developed to mount the radar on an aircraft in Oklahoma. Dr. Jacob will design and implement the fairing. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for the Oklahoma Space Grant Consortium for the Oklahoma State Regents of Higher Education PI/PDs: Jim West Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: Jamey Jacob
Investigation of Focused Ultrasound Mediated Enhancement of Chronic Non‐healing Wound Antimicrobial Therapy in Client‐owned Dogs Acute and chronic wounds typically require treatment with a combination of antibiotics administered systemically and locally. They often require extensive surgical debridement, including amputation in patients. The team’s previous studies have shown that focused ultrasound‐induced local warming decreases resistance within vascular beds to elevate local intravascular concentration of systemically‐administered drugs within the solid tumor. This method has not heretofore been adapted to wound therapy in client‐owned dogs. Unlike murine models, canine models replicate the infection profile in humans, and thus a demonstration of focused ultrasound efficacy in a veterinary clinical trial would provide an easier path for human clinical trials. Sponsor: Focused Ultrasound Foundation PI/PDs: Daqing Piao Center for Veterinary Health Sciences: Ashish Ranjan
Cognitive Radio Systems for Small Satellites Communication Networks The long‐term goal is to develop effective and adaptive strategies for the design and deployment of space‐based CR communication systems with optimal spectral‐ and power‐ efficiency to enhance the data rate, reliability and latency of the RF communication links in NASA Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) network. The overall objective is to develop the scientific foundation and associated algorithmic tools for adaptive and efficient CR interference management and spectrum access methods that operate in dynamic cluster formations with limited sensing information and cooperation level between satellites. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for the Oklahoma Space Grant Consortium for the Oklahoma State Regents of Higher Education PI/PD: Sabit Ekin
Ditch Witch EMC Modeling, Simulation, and Validation Research The statement of work includes: 1) Both parties (student & Ditch Witch®) to learn the modeling process (Importing 3D models into CST, simulation, and validation); 2) To develop professional relationships and share knowledge between groups; 3) Ditch Witch® to gain predictability of EMC issues before final certification testing. Sponsor: The Charles Machine Works, Inc. dba Ditch Witch Compliance Testing Service PI/PDs: Charles Bunting, Jim West
Optimization and Exploration of Trusted Low‐Power High Performance Computer Architectures This project’s goal is to design, develop, and evaluate hardware support for secure computer architectures at the nanometer level. This will be accomplished by designing complete design flow integration with commercial and open‐source Electronic Design Automation tools. The design flow will take a high‐level system‐level architecture description as inputs along with area, critical path delay, and power dissipation constraints. Based on the SoC architecture description and design constraints, the tools will automatically generate synthesizable HDL models, embedded memories, and custom components to implement the specified VLSI architecture. Sponsor: United States Air Force PI/PD: James Stine
Magnetic Hyperthermia Combined Antimicrobial Targeting of Bone Pathogens The goal is to achieve on‐demand rapid, thermally‐targeted antimicrobial agent release within infected bone tissue, using a novel dual‐platform technology that combines Low Temperature‐ Sensitive Liposomes (sLTSL) with Alternating Magnetic Field (AMF)‐induced mild local hyperthermia, generated using sLTSL loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide. Such sLTSL permit induced release of liposome‐borne antimicrobial agent using mild local elevations in tissue temperature. Therefore, the hypothesis is that localized AMF‐induced mild tissue warming combined with microbicide‐loaded sLTSL, administered either systemically or locally, can elicit targeted antimicrobial release in a millisecond time scale, permitting synergistic bacterial killing of poorly‐accessible biofilm bacteria within bone. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: D. Piao
Truth Measurement of Signal Strength Task 0002 The FAA provides opportunities for educating and training future aviation electronics professionals through theoretical studies and practical applications. The scope of work may include: 1) Predict 3D radiation patterns for various installed antennas on the flight inspection aircraft; 2) Design, develop, and certify a UAS that can serve as a reference measurement system for certifying new aircraft Flight Inspection Systems; 3) Use the UAS as a platform for testing new flight inspection sensors and antennas; 4) Design, develop and research feasibility of using rotary wing UAS to support more precise and efficient ILS flight inspection; 5) Other tasks agreed upon. Sponsor: Federal Aviation Administration PI/PDs: Jim West Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: Jamey Jacob, Gary Ambrose
Aeration Process Controls to Reduce Energy Costs in Wastewater Treatment Plants Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) use large quantities of energy for treatment. WWTPs often drastically oversupply oxygen in their aeration processes. The problem of excess energy consumption in these facilities is particularly pervasive in rural areas where operational budgets are limited. The long‐term goal of the proposed project is to develop a simple, cost effective approach to decrease energy costs in WWTPs using new process control and design technology. The proposed technology has potential commercial viability through the sales of a monthly licensing agreement to ensure compliance and reduce WWTP energy costs. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: James Stine Civil and Environmental Engineering: David Lampert, Tyler Ley
Intra‐spinal Multi‐site Dual Modal Dosimetry for Assessing the Feasibility of Transcutaneous Photo‐bio‐modulation of Spinal Cord The long‐term goal is to develop a protocol of percutaneous photo‐bio‐modulation for treating conditions concerning the spinal cord in large companion animals. The specific objective of this project is to devise the sensor and equipment technologies that will culminate in quantitating the treatment dose reaching the spinal canal of large dogs under clinically relevant surface dose. Sponsor: LiteCure LLC PI/PDs: Daqing Piao Center for Veterinary Health Sciences: Lara Sypniewski, Daniel Burba
Design of an Airplane Transporting System The goal of this project is to complete the full research, conceptualization and design for a 90 degree curve that is bounded on each end with a 15 meter straight section of the underground airplane conveyance system presented to Oklahoma State University by Airplane Transport Systems. The design process will be completed in 18 months with all documentation necessary to fabricate and install the system for testing with an aircraft. Sponsor: ATC World Wide, LLC PI/PDs: Nishantha Ekneligoda Civil and Environmental Engineering: Julie Hartell, Mohamed Soliman Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: James Kidd New Product Development Center: Robert Taylor
32NM Hafnium (IV) Oxide (HfO2) Negative Metal Oxide Semiconductor (NMOS) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read‐Only Memory (EEPROMs) for Open Systems Computer Appliances Key to the elimination of physical and eavesdropping attacks on trusted platforms is placing EEPROM memory on chip deeply embedded within the trusted system architecture and its peripheral I/O. “On chip” EEPROM blocks can be freely available to the designer as cache or SRAM. As a result we can expect to find nonobservable, BIOS, boot loaders, and encryption key storage not only embedded in the CPU but within all I/O interfaces. This eliminates “open” data and code observability along all points of communications vulnerable to external observation. Encryption key dispersion across the platform further reduces trusted system vulnerability. Sponsor: United States Air Force PI/PD: Chris Hutchens
NRI: Considerate Co‐robot Intelligence through Ubiquitous Human State Awareness The objective is to develop a new theoretical/algorithmic framework and an open hardware/software platform for considerate co‐robot intelligence, enabling a co‐robot to assist humans in their daily lives in a proactive way while still having the freedom to do its routine work. The research consists of four parts: co‐robot semantic mapping through human environment interaction; human activity and location inference using minimal motion sensor data; activity prediction and behavioral anomaly detection based on human state awareness; experimental evaluation using open hardware/software platforms and a case study evaluating the effectiveness of considerate co‐robot intelligence in elderly fall prevention, detection and intervention. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Weihua Sheng, Guoliang Fan
FIRE PROTECTION PUBLICATIONS
USFA Publications Revision This project involves the revision of three United States Fire Administration (USFA) publications. These USFA publications are in need of revision to provide the most current and accurate information as the selected publications are well over a decade old. The selected publications would provide the most current information to an audience of local level emergency responders, primarily the fire service. Sponsor: Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency PI/PDs: Nancy J. Trench, Mike Wieder
Fire Safety Solutions for Oklahomans With Disabilities The goal of this program is to improve the safety of Oklahomans who are deaf, have a hearing loss, are blind, or use a mobility device. Fire Protection Publications is collaborating with ABLE Tech and Fire Service Training to provide technical support, train, implement and evaluate a smoke alarm installation program for Oklahomans statewide who have a disability. Sponsor: Oklahoma Assistive Technology Foundation for the United States Department of Homeland Security – FEMA PI/PD: Nancy J. Trench
FIRE SERVICE TRAINING
REMSS Conference Contract 2019 The Oklahoma State Department of Health has contracted with OSU Fire Service Training to conduct a statewide capabilities development and informational conference for participants and stakeholders of the seven Regional Emergency Medical Services System (REMSS) teams within Oklahoma. The focus of the conference will be to educate and train on identified preparedness and response gaps, and share leading practices and lessons learned. Proposed conference topics include resource allocation for mass casualty incidents in the pre‐hospital realm, Medical Branch Director/Medical Unit Leader training, Incident Command Systems topics specific to EMS leadership in the pre‐hospital area, interoperable communications, and other relevant topics. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Department of Health for the Department of Health and Human Services PI/PDs: Caroline Reed, Mike Duncan
Susan Harwood Training Grant: OSU Chemical Hazards/Hazardous Communications Project OSU proposes to build new training capacity by providing Awareness level training and Operations level training on the topic of chemical hazards/hazard communication in agricultural industries. Examples of the training topics include: OSHA regulations for hazardous communications, chemicals used in agricultural settings and their health hazards, what personal protective equipment (PPE) to use and proper use of PPE, what type of monitors to use to monitor for chemical hazards, how to use the monitoring equipment, and how to make decisions based on the information obtained from monitoring equipment. Sponsor: United States Department of Labor – Occupational Safety and Health Administration PI/PDs: Caroline Reed, Steve George Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering: Carol Jones
AFG to Purchase Mobile Live Fire Liquefied Petroleum Gas Simulator The grant is for the purchase of a multipurpose Mobile Live Fire, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Simulator. This multipurpose simulator will allow OSU‐FST to provide live fire training that meets NFPA 1001 certification requirements for both Firefighter I and II in rural areas where training facilities are not available to fire departments. With this unit OSU‐FST will be able to provide specialized training in the areas of controlling propane tank impingement fires, flammable liquid spill fires, pipeline valve flange fires, vehicle fires and trash dumpster fires all from one trailer. Sponsor: Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency PI/PD: Caroline Reed
Targeted Training for Grain Handling Operations Fire Service Training (FST) will use existing OSHA‐approved training materials (developed in FST’s previous OSHA grant) to provide on‐site Grain Bin Safety Awareness level training (4 hours) and Grain Bin Operations level training (8 hours) to agricultural workers. The Awareness level training will also be converted into an online format to specifically target the 16‐24 year old age group with online training. The Awareness level training is focused on prevention. The Operations level training focuses on how to rescue someone trapped in grain. FST estimates that 315 workers will be trained in 1631 contact hours during the one year grant. Sponsor: United States Department of Labor – Occupational Safety and Health Administration PI/PDs: Caroline Reed, Steve George Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering: Carol Jones
National Fire Academy State Fire Training Grant OSU’s Fire Service Training will deliver a series of training programs in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the U.S. Fire Administration’s National Fire Academy (NFA) to enhance the capabilities of the fire service in Oklahoma. Courses for Emergency Responders will be provided throughout the state in both conference settings as well as single course deliveries. The trainings will be provided in rural and metropolitan settings in an effort to bring the training to the responder locally. Sponsor: Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency PI/PD: Caroline Reed
Homeland Security Grant Program – SCBA Project Oklahoma Homeland Security has offered to fund the purchase of 72 new SCBA cylinders for Oklahoma State University Fire Service Training. These new cylinders will replace out of date cylinders and will be used to train Oklahoma emergency responders. Sponsor: Oklahoma Office of Homeland Security for the Department of Homeland Security PI/PD: Steve George
Homeland Security Grant Program – Structural Collapse Training Equipment The award provides funding for the purchase of structural collapse training equipment. Sponsor: Oklahoma Office of Homeland Security for the Department of Homeland Security PI/PD: Steve George
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
Modeling Worst‐case Defender‐Attacker Problems as Robust Linear Programs with Mixed‐ integer Uncertainty Sets Project objectives include: 1) Study models and algorithms for a base case in which the uncertainty is limited to the cost coefficients and the outer problem contains only continuous variables while the uncertainty set contains continuous and integer variables; 2) Similar to the first objective, explore models and algorithms for a pure integer case in which the uncertainty is not limited to the cost coefficients and both the outer problem and the uncertainty set are represented using only discrete variables; 3) Identify classes of relevant problems that can be solved by the algorithms that are developed. Sponsor: Office of Naval Research PI/PD: Juan Borrero
Phase 4: Development of a GIS Application for Analyzing HazMat Flows in Oklahoma In previous phases of this project, the research team developed The Hazardous Material Movement Model (HazM3) Framework that includes a database of Oklahoma commercial facilities, which store materials considered as being extremely hazardous substances (EHS). Following this, a web‐based survey application was designed and built on top of this database of facilities storing EHS materials. In the current phase, this survey is being distributed to these Oklahoma commercial facilities to collect shipment data for the EHS materials they store. This approach of collecting HazMat movement data using a targeted survey of facilities is a novel idea of this research effort. Sponsor: Oklahoma Emergency Management for the USDOT‐Pipeline and Hazardous Materials and Safety Administration PI/PDs: Manjunath Kamath, Farzad Yousefian Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering: R. Scott Frazier
Validating a Clinical Decision Support Algorithm Developed with Big Data to Diagnose, State, Prevent, and Monitor a Patient’s Diabetic Retinopathy With a growing diabetic population, it is imperative to develop a tool for preventing, diagnosing, screening, and managing diabetic retinopathy to cater to patients living with diabetes. This project lays the foundation for this kind of tool. The research team will finalize and test a clinical decision support algorithm based on a patient’s current lab results to decipher whether a patient has diabetic retinopathy. The algorithm will lead to a new standard of care for diabetic patients. Ideally, primary care physicians will be empowered to assess patient diabetic retinopathy as part of a standard in‐office primary care visit. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Tieming Liu Center for Health Systems Innovation: William Palva Statistics: Ye Liang
Optimization‐based Aggregate Master Planning Tools for Bay Valley Foods, LLC The project focuses on the master planning/scheduling activity, which is a key driver of current operations as it guides production by setting monthly production targets. The goal is to develop analytical approaches for guiding master planning decisions. The objectives are: 1) design and formulate mathematical optimization models that recommend aggregate‐level master production schedules; and 2) develop computer implementations of the mathematical models that can be solved using a commercial optimization solver. This integrated approach using costs and revenues to drive the plan while simultaneously considering the various resource constraints can lead to better master planning decisions that result in savings. Sponsor: Big Valley Foods, LLC PI/PDs: Baski Balasundaram, Austin Buchanan, Sunderesh Heragu
Phase 3: Flow Visualization and Risk Assessment of Hazardous Material Movement in Oklahoma The plan is to first refine and then integrate the statistical models and network routing and flow assignment models within the HazM3 framework. Ways to visualize the hazmat flow will be developed by combing the type of EHS, amount of flow, and the frequency of transport to convey the hazard level on a particular roadway. The hazmat flow related data will be fused with historical HazMat incident data for highway collisions involving a HazMat Placarded Vehicle from 2007‐2016 to perform a risk assessment of roadway segments and intersections for hazmat incidents. Sponsor: Oklahoma Emergency Management for the USDOT – Pipeline and Hazardous Materials and Safety Administration PI/PDs: Manjunath Kamath, Farzad Yousefian Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering: R. Scott Frazier
Collaborative Research: Enhancing Power System Resilience Via Data‐Driven Optimization A new class of data‐driven optimization methodologies is proposed to assist power system operations under contingency. This project studies probabilistic modeling of power grid contingency based on meteorological and historical transmission availability data. The data analytics is incorporated in distributionally robust optimization models to (a) conduct risk assessment analysis, (b) harden pre‐disaster power grid, (c) take corrective actions during disasters, and (d) conduct post‐disaster self‐healing and system restoration. Successful implementations of the research can provide data‐driven approaches to address critical resilience issues facing the nation’s power system infrastructure. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Chaoyue Zhao
Transportation Consortium of South‐Central States (Tran‐SET): Study the Impacts of Freight Consolidation and Truck Sharing on Freight Mobility The goal is to show the impacts of online freight consolidation on freight mobility, congestion and emission reduction. The project includes the following tasks: 1) Literature review of truck sharing initiatives in the U.S. 2) Identification of truck‐sharing data available. 3) Develop and validate freight demand models for shared freight hauling. 4) Develop and validate models for quantifying the impacts of truck sharing on network capacity, congestion, environment, etc. 5) Apply the models in Tasks 3 & 4 to forecast freight moved by truck sharing by commodity type and estimate the resulting benefits of truck sharing. Sponsor: Louisiana State University and A&M College for the United States Department of Transportation PI/PDs: Tieming Liu, Chaoyue Zhao
Imposing Connectivity Constraints in Large‐Scale Network Problems Previous approaches to solve vertex‐centric connectivity problems use additional edge (and possibly flow) variables, which overburden IP solvers, or rely on simple, weak inequalities, leading to the exploration of a large number of branch‐and‐bound nodes. This research is expected to overcome these limitations and lead to a rich body of knowledge regarding connectivity problems, and, in particular, to faster approaches for solving vertex‐centric connectivity problems. The work will likely generalize existing results about edge‐centric connectivity and will have consequences for hop‐constrained and survivable network design problems. An REU supplement has been received for student support for this project. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Austin Buchanan
Collaborative Research: Data‐Driven Risk‐Averse Models and Algorithms for Power Generation Scheduling with Renewable Energy Integration The objective is to derive data‐driven risk‐averse stochastic optimization models and discover strong formulations with efficient decomposition algorithms for the power generation scheduling problems with renewable energy integration, so as to ensure cost effectiveness and system robustness. In this project, an innovative approach will be explored that integrates statistics and optimization methods to derive a reliable and cost‐effective power generation scheduling decision. Starting from the historical data, the project team will develop data‐driven risk‐averse stochastic optimization models and explore efficient algorithms for both system operators and market participants. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Chaoyue Zhao
MRI: Acquisition of Shared High Performance Compute Cluster for Multidisciplinary Computational and Data‐Intensive Research Under this Major Research Instrumentation project, OSU HPC Center will acquire, deploy and maintain an HPC cluster supercomputer named Pistol Pete to support computing‐ and data‐ intensive research and research training, across a broad range of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. As a campus‐wide shared resource, Pistol Pete will be available at no charge not only to all OSU faculty, staff, postdocs, graduate students and undergraduates, but also to researchers across Oklahoma. The current HPC system is considerably oversubscribed, as are major national resources; thus, this project will enable substantial transformative STEM research across a broad variety of disciplines. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Baski Balasundaram Arts & Sciences: Dana Brunson, Christopher Fennell, Mario Borunda Division of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources: Peter Hoyt
Industrial Assessment Center Program The mission of the IAC is to assess energy, waste, and productivity practices with the purpose of enhancing the management of the same within the clients enterprise and to share best practices with other IACs, while educating and training the next generation of energy, waste, and productivity professionals. The IAC will continue to serve clients throughout Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas, and north and northwest Texas, including the Texas Panhandle. The latest technology will be employed to perform assessments that focus on energy, waste, and productivity issues in the clients’ facilities. Sponsor: Department of Energy PI/PDs: William Kolarik, Terry Collins Mechanical Engineering Technology: Hitesh Vora
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Lightweight Large Composite Tanks for Launch Vehicles and In‐Space Depots This Research Initiation Grant (RIG) will enable the PI to collaborate with Nathanael Greene/Ian Juby and his group in the Propulsion (EP) and Materials and Processes (ES4) branches at NASA Johnson Space Center to develop composite materials that can store and transport cryogenic fuels such as liquid oxygen and liquid methane for long duration space flights. The RIG will allow further development of materials for composite tanks and evaluate the use of highly weight efficient designs for other platforms as well as many space companies. If successful, these materials could be evaluated by NASA for insertion into commercial space activities. Sponsor: Oklahoma NASA EPSCoR for NASA PI/PD: Ranji Vaidyanathan
Review of Mineral Characteristics of Iron Tuberculation and Scale on Cast Iron Mains and the Factors that Impact the Stability of that Scale: Minimization of Iron Release which carries Emerging Contaminants The objective is to provide a clearer understanding of: 1) processes leading to iron tubercle formation in aqueous conditions in cast iron pipes, 2) scale microstructure and mineral characteristics of iron tubercles, 3) characterization of iron tubercles and their key properties, 4) iron release from corroded cast iron surface under aqueous conditions, 5) potential factors that can impact the stability of the scale and release of iron into water, 6) pathways towards stabilizing iron corrosion scales in cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution networks and future research needs. Sponsor: The Water Research Foundation PI/PD: Pankaj Sarin
Smart Sensor Development Using Infrared Sensible OLEDs OSU is collaborating with the Korea Institute of Technology for smart sensor development using infrared sensible OLEDs. OSU’s part of the work will include: 1) fabrication of organic infrared photodetectors, 2) characterization of photodetectors, 3) fabrication of all‐organic IR‐to‐visible up‐conversion OLEDs, 4) characterization of up‐conversion OLEDs. Sponsor: Korea Institute of Industrial Technology PI/PD: DoYoung Kim
Assessment of Radiation Shielding Properties of Novel and Baseline Materials External to ISS The project will test and measure the radiation shielding and other properties of the multifunctional materials developed in previous awards. In this project, the materials will be tested in the actual space environment external to the International Space Station. Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration PI/PDs: Ranji Vaidyanathan Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering: Andy Arena Department of Physics: Eric Benton
SBIR Phase I: Tough Polymer Composite Materials Through iLAMB, or Interlaminar Modifications Through Master Batching MITO and its University research partner (OSU) will develop and demonstrate the toughness enhancing nanofiller‐resin “Master Batch” system with no manufacturing process changes, resulting in an increasing toughness at significantly lower addition levels compared to state of the art nanofillers to enhance the performance of carbon‐epoxy systems. Sponsor: MITO Material Solutions PI/PDs: Ranji Vaidyanathan, Raman Singh
Lightning Strike Mitigation Materials LMS Composite’s research has led to a simple and affordable manufacturing step based on highly conductive flexible films that can be introduced either on the surface or inside the composite to enhance the through‐thickness conductivity of composite materials, leading to composite materials that can withstand multiple lightning strikes as well as provide enhanced conductivity. This blend can be dispersed directly into different resin systems used for fabricating a composite or placed between laminates of the composite to enhance its electrical or thermal conductivity, depending on the nanofiller content added. This project will further validate the hypothesis and demonstrate commercial viability. Sponsor: National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance (NCIIA) d/b/a/ VentureWell PI/PD: Ranji Vaidyanathan
Nanostructured Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with High Capacity and Performance The purpose is to develop state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion battery materials with enhanced capacity and performance. It is anticipated that the research will result in new anode and cathode materials with at least 2X enhancement in capacity and performance. The research relies on quick and easy to implement experimental techniques to develop the battery materials. The end users of this technology include Li‐ion battery materials manufacturers, alternative energy, portable electronics, and automobile industries. Three local OK commercial partners have been identified who are interested in commercializing the technology upon demonstration of the proof‐of‐concept. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Raj N. Singh, Nirmal Govindaraju
Loading‐rate and Constraint Dependent Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale: Optimizing Resource Extraction The long‐term objective is to build real‐time predictive models of shale fracture as a function of mineral constituent, prevailing confinement pressure, and rate of loading employed during fracking. These models could then be calibrated using historical data collected during hydraulic fracturing and subsequently used for maximizing resource extraction efficiencies. In this project, the researchers will quantify the fracture response of shale as a function of loading rate and constraint to formulate a predictive model for failure mechanisms. It is speculated that the interplay of loading rate and constraint can affect a ductile‐to‐brittle transition in the failure process of shale. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Raman Singh Geology: James Puckette
EAGER: Damage Evolution at the Fiber‐Matrix Interphase for Early Failure Characterization in Composites This proposal will investigate the mechanics‐based failure and deterioration of a fundamental aspect of composites that has received only limited attention to date, namely the influence of the fiber‐matrix interface and interphase region. Using a set of unique experiments and analysis procedures the team will quantify constituent‐level failure mechanisms that occur at the fiber‐ matrix interface and within the interphase region at nano/micro‐length scales. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Raman Singh
Development of STEM Teaching Aids for Low‐income Schools This project seeks to develop low‐cost teaching aids for low income schools in the Tulsa, OK area. The teaching aids developed are concept driven and hence can be transplanted with ease to other schools and scaled nationally. Sponsor: Materials Research Society Foundation PI/PD: Nirmal Govindaraju
Cryocel‐Lightweight Composites for Cryogenic Fuel Storage for Transportation In this OARS Accelerated Project, a team from OSU – CleanNG LLC doing business as Infinite Composites Technologies (ICT) is developing a lightweight, novel “Cryogenic Composite Engineered Laminated (CryoCEL™)” tank for the storage of low‐temperature, pressurized fuels. The ideal application for this project is fuel containers for transportation applications, where the technology addresses the need for low‐cost, lightweight technologies and the ability to keep the fuel stored at cryogenic temperatures without boil off. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Ranji Vaidyanathan
Innovation Corps Site Program The vision for the Oklahoma State University I‐Corp Site is to increase the number of STEM‐ related startups and licensing opportunities emerging from the OSU campus. The OSU I‐Corp Site will accelerate startup activity on campus not only by providing funding and training to startup teams, but by helping create a faculty and student population that is familiar with the business startup process. It will also provide a pathway for underrepresented students to participate in STEM‐related business startups. The grant will provide 90 teams (over a three year period) $3,000 in funding per team along with training in the startup process. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Ranji Vaidyanathan Spears School of Business: Bruce Barringer
REU Site: Interdisciplinary Research Experience for Undergraduates Interested in Materials Science and Engineering The award will enable cutting edge research projects encompassing the broad area of materials science and engineering and how this knowledge is being used in the industry. The faculty working in broad areas related to materials science and engineering at the Helmerich Research Center at Oklahoma State University in Tulsa, OK and their graduate students will mentor 10 undergraduate students recruited nationally and guide the students in areas ranging from aerospace, energy and biomaterials. They will learn techniques related to materials processing, testing and characterization and understand how technology commercialization could transition from the lab‐scale to the real world. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Ranji Vaidyanathan, Pankaj Sarin
Modification of the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Analysis Suite (CTEAS) Support from GE Global Research will be used to improve the existing Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Analysis Suite (CTEAS) software developed as a freeware by the principal investigator Dr. Sarin. Some areas for improvement of CTEAS software include: 1) Matlab based GUI interface for the CTEAS software, 2) Ability to install and run the CTEAS without the requirement for a Matlab license, 3) Corrected and updated user manual. Sponsor: GE Global Research PI/PD: Pankaj Sarin
Radiation Smart Structures with H‐rich Nanostructured Multifunctional Materials Through this NASA EPSCoR award, radiation smart structures and materials with H‐rich nanostructured multifunctional materials will be developed and built for shielding astronauts from ionizing radiation during human missions beyond low‐Earth orbit. The approach is interdisciplinary and involves research groups in Materials Science and Engineering at OSU Tulsa, the Dept. of Physics and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at OSU Stillwater. The research will find applications in a number of radiation based industries including medical physics and nuclear power generation in which high‐strength, lightweight radiation shielding materials and appliances are needed. Sponsors: University of Oklahoma for NASA EPSCoR, University of Oklahoma for Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education PI/PDs: Ranji Vaidyanathan Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: Raman Singh Physics: Eric Benton
Viscous Heating Demonstration for Helminth Deactivation Fecal sludge contamination with helminthes causes many health issues in poor countries that lack sophisticated waste treatment facilities. The most problematic is contamination of soil when solid human waste is scattered on the topsoil where residents may become (re)infected with helminthes through ingestion of contaminated food or through direct contact by open wounds in the skin. Our technology is designed to heat a fecal sludge stream by pumping it through an intense shear zone reactor where viscous (friction) heating is used to uniformly heat the feedstock above a threshold temperature to kill the helminth eggs. Sponsor: Curators of the University of Missouri at Kansas City for Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation PI/PD: Jim Smay
MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Collaborative Research: Transfer Printed, Single‐Crystalline Si Nanomesh Thin Films The project aims to establish a new unique electronic materials paradigm – Si nanomeshes – for next‐generation stretchable electronics. On the basis of strong preliminary results from the PIs’ team, the PIs hypothesize that with tailored nanomesh geometries and engineered sidewall surface states, Si nanomeshes can achieve simultaneously large stretchability, high mobility and high reliability that are needed for high‐density stretchable electronics. Through both theoretical and experimental investigations, this project aims to investigate and establish the interrelationship of structure‐processing‐properties of Si nanomeshes for stretchable devices. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Shuodao Wang Northeastern University: Hui Fang
Comprehensive Model Development for a Rotating Spool Compressor Since initial development of Spoolcomp, a novel rotating spool compressor, it has been validated and used to develop increasingly optimal designs of R410A compressors. However, regulatory trends in the HVAC&R industry and intrinsic attributes of the spool compressor have suggested that lower pressure refrigerants such as R134a, R1234ze(E), R1234yf, and blends of these are better suited for the application of the spool compressor. Spoolcomp does not adequately capture the performance of this novel compressor using these refrigerants when compared against experimental data. This project will improve the predictive capability of Spoolcomp by addressing deficiencies in the model platform’s current version. Sponsor: Torad Engineering, LLC PI/PD: Craig Bradshaw
CAREER: Determine the Roles of Material Heterogeneity and Thickness Variability on the Stability of Thin Membranes The objective of this CAREER project is to test the hypothesis that a higher degree of heterogeneity in thin membranes reduces the critical buckling loads. The research approach is to experimentally measure and compare the buckling loads of a set of thin membranes of various degrees of heterogeneity ranging from highly heterogeneous to homogeneous. Fluorescence stereo microscopy and inverse finite element analysis will be combined to extract the material property distributions and thickness variability, and then a theory‐guided numerical model will be developed to identify a quantitative degree of heterogeneity and elucidate how it is related to reduced buckling loads. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Shuodao Wang
Insect Group/Swarm Behaviors and their Relation to Individual Feedback Models New insect kinematics analysis techniques will be applied to extract the strategies insects use in aerial maneuvering in dense, high traffic environments, including swarm behaviors. By applying new tools from control theory, dynamics modeling and system identification, and leveraging significant recent improvements in aerial multi‐insect tracking capabilities, the PI will simultaneously quantify the instantaneous feedback control targets and time histories of individual organisms’ neural function during group and swarm behaviors. The outcome will be an understanding of the foundational mechanisms by which insects provide computationally lightweight swarm behaviors, which will be a strong foundation for design of computationally‐ limited autonomous swarms. Sponsor: Office of Naval Research PI/PD: Imraan Faruque
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Drilling: Phase I The objectives are: 1) Develop proficiency with the Perfect Point E‐DrillTM using common materials and fasteners, 2) Use the Perfect Point E‐DrillTM to demonstrate fastener removal for Pratt & Whitney applications using flat‐plate specimens, 3) Perform a sensitivity study to understand and quantify Perfect Point E‐DrillTM process and equipment parameters for Pratt & Whitney applications, 4) Submit a grant proposal to the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (OCAST) for a follow‐on project for a more detailed material characterization, development of potential process improvements, and establishment of a predictive, physics‐based model for small hole EDM applications. Sponsor: United Technologies Corporation – Pratt & Whitney Division PI/PDs: Kurt Rouser, Sandip Harimkar, James Kidd
Acoustic Metastructures for Next Generation Aircraft Liners In light of recent proof‐of‐concept achieved at OSU for a metastructural approach to significantly enhance acoustic performance in liners especially for lightweight, compact, broadband, low‐frequency applications, for which there are currently no practical solutions, OSU and Spirit AeroSystems, Inc. propose to conduct a joint R&D project to commercialize this technology for developing new acoustic liners for the next‐generation of commercial aircraft. Based on prior research, an acoustic metastructural solution combining innovative core geometries such as 3D folded and phased cores with potentially incorporating acoustically nonrigid elements with advanced aerospace materials and fabrication processes is proposed to be developed. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: James Manimala, Rick Gaeta
Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Impinging Jets Previous measurements in the PI’s lab revealed the structure of impinging choked gas jets of interest to the John Zink Company. The two‐dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) setup was used to generate the velocity field at the impinging jets plane. It is proposed to analyze the data collected previously on two impinging choked jets to calculate the two dimensional turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds’ stress. The results will be written into a format that is usable for CFD comparisons (tabulated data file). The results will include the ensemble – averaged ubar, vbar, vmag‐bar, tke and Reynolds stress. Sponsor: John Zink Company, LLC PI/PD: Khaled Sallam
AEDsys Software Development The overall goal is to develop, validate and document conversion of AEDsys Aircraft Engine Design System Analysis Software from VB6 to VB.net with ComponentOne graphic support software. The goal of this specific project is to develop two AEDsys component executable programs (INLET and NOZZLE) in VB.net, using existing VB6 versions of the programs. Sponsor: Practical Aeronautics, Inc. PI/PD: Kurt Rouser
Planning IUCRC at Oklahoma State University: Center for Sustainably Integrated Buildings and Sites (SIBS) OSU is a new SIBS site, joining the site at University of North Carolina, Charlotte. SIBS‐OSU will generate transformative research that addresses lack of integration between building and environmental thermal systems components, equipment, and buildings. The site will address the lack of physical/cyber‐physical models for integrated building systems as well as reduced‐ order models and datasets for building and environmental thermal systems equipment and components, and disseminate the outcomes to the building design process. OSU's research in thermal systems as well as sensing, model‐predictive control and physics‐reinforced machine learning positions the site to address the integration of building equipment and systems. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Craig Bradshaw, Christian Bach, Dan Fisher, Jeffrey D. Spitler
A Hierarchical, Timescale Separation‐Based Approach to Wind‐Aware Guidance and Control As a step towards incorporation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) wind field prediction to improve accuracy and predictability of sUAS guidance and control, OSU’s team is combining expertise in optimal control and wind modeling to develop a hierarchical control architecture to exploit the spatiotemporal scale separation in the ABL wind flow dynamics. The architecture will be comprised of a trajectory generator and a trajectory tracker integrated in a hierarchical framework via a formal assume‐guarantee approach. The project will lead to a scalable technique that paves the way for incorporation of ABL wind field models into sUAS guidance and control algorithms. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Space Grant Consortium for the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education PI/PDs: Rushi Kamalapurkar, Balaji Jayaraman
Collaborative Research: Musculoskeletal Model for Dynamic Manual Material Handling to Prevent Injury Objectives are to: 1) derive a general dynamic strength model and validate the model parameters from experiments; 2) introduce and experimentally validate a lumbar spine muscle model; and 3) implement these models with a nonlinear programming algorithm to optimize the dynamic lifting motion during manual material handling for minimum injury and experimentally demonstrate proof‐of‐concept. Muscle intra/inter‐joint coupling will be modeled and the lumbar spine area will be added, thereby generating a musculoskeletal model to measure lumbar stresses for back pain in the dynamic lifting process. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Yujiang Xiang
Development of a Novel Peristaltic Compressor for Air‐Conditioning and Refrigeration Applications This project addresses the limitations of the previous work on peristaltic compressors by independently developing expertise on the thermodynamic advantages and the electromechanical actuation mechanisms and combining that expertise to inform appropriate compressor applications. This development will be split into two major thrusts. The first thrust, will quantify the thermodynamic advantage by developing a model of the volumetric flow characteristics of the peristaltic compressor using data from a prototype peristaltic compressor. The second thrust will develop models for various electromechanical actuation technologies and inform the most appropriate HVAC&R applications for the peristaltic compressor. Sponsor: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐Conditioning Engineers, Inc. PI/PD: Craig Bradshaw Efficient Prediction of Low Reynolds Number Propellers for Quiet UAS Aerial Platforms OSU will develop a semi‐empirical method of predicting low Reynold’s Number propeller operation. The goal is to develop an approach that will help engineers rapidly incorporate quiet propeller design philosophy into a larger quiet aircraft design methodology. OSU will incorporate high fidelity CFD methods and empirical scaling trends as acquired through experimentation. The NASA Langley Research Center will collaborate with OSU and provide test data from their aeroacoustic wind tunnels for analysis development and validation. Data from NASA will be from propellers loaded with freestream flow from their Low Speed Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma NASA EPSCoR PI/PD: Rick Gaeta
Speedfest VIX Speedfest is a unique aerospace design competition with classes at both the collegiate and high school level. Rules for each class are given before the start of the fall semester, and the competition is held at the end of April. Students at the collegiate level design, build, and fly airplanes to a rigorous set of specifications to meet mission goals. Students and teachers at the high school level build airplanes from kits to race. Included with the kits are information to teachers to help them teach the fundamentals of aeronautics, and to excite the students about aviation topics. Sponsor: Oklahoma Aeronautics Commission PI/PD: Andy Arena
Metal Electrode Surface Modification Using 3D Additive Processes Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations LLC (BHGE) has designed sensor electrodes for detection of foulant substances including, but not limited to, mineral scales, biofouling, asphaltenes, and paraffin. To make the surface prone to foulant deposition, the metal electrode is preferably of high surface roughness and porosity with pores and gaps of characteristic dimensions on the order of submicron to 10 microns. OSU will perform 3D additive surface modifications on BHGE electrode parts. OSU will establish a set of parameters for a 3D additive process to apply a porous layer on one side of the electrodes using applicable metal powders. Sponsor: Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations, LLC PI/PD: Sandip Harimkar
Support for Navy SBIR Phase II – Human Computer Interfacing (HCI) for Autonomous Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems on Unmanned Aircraft (UAS) Dr. He Bai at Oklahoma State University (OSU) shall provide research and development support for the SBIR Phase‐II program to UtopiaCompression Corporation (UC). Dr. Bai will hire a student at OSU to provide support in the R&D for a period of two years. The deliverables are: 1) DAA Manager formulation, 2) Module to solve DAA Manager formulation, 3) Command blending model and module implementation, 4) Experiment results to show utility and performance of DAA Manager and command blending. Sponsor: UtopiaCompression Corporation for United States Navy PI/PD: He Bai 2018/2019 Aerospace Propulsion Outreach Program (APOP) – Increase Thrust‐to‐Weight Ratio OSU will form a 2018/19 Aerospace Propulsion Outreach Program team comprised of undergraduate students to research and develop an engine with increased thrust‐to‐weight compared to a stock P‐90 or P‐100 JetCat gas turbine engine. Presently, there are numerous components of these engines which are heavier than necessary and components which could be made more efficient. In real‐world applications, this means that vehicles powered by JetCat engines are underperforming. This research team’s responsibility is to modify the engine and demonstrate increased thrust‐to‐weight of the entire engine system (engine and start package). Sponsor: Universal Technology Corporation for Air Force Research Laboratory PI/PD: Kurt Rouser
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Spatial Structure of Turbulent Flows in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer The Co‐PI will make 21 two‐day trips to collect data across the various ecoregions of Oklahoma that contain Oklahoma Mesonet sites. Data collection near a Mesonet site is important to allow for simultaneous collection of accurate surface conditions. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Brian Elbing
Turboelectric Unmanned Aircraft Sensor System for Oil and Gas Pipeline Inspection The overall goal of this two‐year project is to develop and evaluate a turboelectric unmanned aircraft sensor system to determine its feasibility as an economical means for inspecting and monitoring oil and gas pipelines for safety and integrity. A system‐level approach will be taken to determine feasibility of both fixed‐wing and rotary‐wing applications, developed in series with a focus on versatility using interchangeable components. The hypothesis is that a turboelectric unmanned aircraft sensor system will have significantly greater range and endurance than current battery‐powered systems, thereby reducing the operating cost of inspecting and monitoring oil and gas pipelines. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Kurt Rouser, Jamey Jacob
Develop Design Criteria for Psychrometric Air Sampler and Mixer Apparatus for Use in ASHRAE Test Standards The objective is to provide: 1) Design recommendations for measuring bulk air conditions (a) “samplerless” RTD grids, (b) Sampling trees, and (c) Air mixers to provide uniform air conditions for the above; 2) Methods for validating performance of a sampler and mixer combination that would provide the most accurate bulk temperature and humidity measurement at indoor air inlet and indoor air outlet. The project covers developing the testing methods for the mixers, developing new mixers and air samplers, developing their performance, and evaluating overall in‐situ performance of the newly developed devices with coil tests. Sponsor: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐Conditioning Engineers, Inc. PI/PDs: Christian Bach, Omer San
Identification of the Physical Mechanism Responsible for Tornado Infrasound The objective is to identify and test physically‐reasoned correlations between infrasound and tornado flow‐field properties, which will suggest potential fluid mechanisms for the infrasound production. The central hypothesis is that infrasonic emissions from tornadoes are unique and directly related to core pressure, wind speed, forward speed, and overall size. Three specific goals to test this hypothesis are: 1) Identify infrasonic events associated with severe storms, 2) Characterize flow‐fields of identified infrasonic events, and 3) Develop a physically‐reasoned empirical model. At the project’s completion, we expect to have identified correlations between tornadic infrasonic signatures and the tornado circulation and size. Sponsors: United States Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PI/PD: Brian Elbing
Physics‐reinforced Machine Learning Algorithms for Multiscale Closure Model Discovery At the conclusion of the project period, we will have a computational toolbox that generates and takes large turbulence data sets as input and extracts functional and structural closure models without assuming any phenomenological assumptions on turbulence physics. Development of such physics‐reinforced learning algorithms and architectures, which are a core strength of the research, will provide a basis to generate predictive technologies for a broad spectrum of engineering and science applications including pattern classification and scale bridging of hierarchical climate simulations. Sponsors: Department of Energy PI/PD: Omer San
Transmission Loss Testing of a Sample Aircraft Panel with Propriety Experimental Treatments Textron Aviation is currently engaged in the development of new turbofan and turbopropeller powered airplanes for which exceptionally quiet cabins are specified. As part of these development efforts, Textron Aviation has developed an array of proprietary acoustical treatments, as well as contracted for third party development of custom experimental metamaterial blankets for use in aircraft applications. OSU will perform laboratory transmission loss testing for Textron on sample aircraft structural panels with multiple experimental blanket treatments at Oklahoma State University facilities. This is a follow‐on to the testing completed in the prior two years at OSU’s facilities. Sponsors: Textron Aviation PI/PD: James Manimala
Mitigating Posture Changes and Fall Risks in Standing Pregnant Workers The objective is to assess the impact of footwear on the postural changes and risk of falling of standing pregnant workers. The central hypothesis is that ankle support decreases the risk of falling while an excessive heel height increases the risk of falling. The rationale is that postural control is exerted by the body using hip and ankle strategies to achieve balance. Pregnant women experience ligament laxity due to hormonal changes and pregnant women having experienced a fall have exhibited lower ankle stiffness than nonfaller pregnant women. Adding ankle support may facilitate postural control and reduce the risk of falling. Sponsors: Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health PI/PD: Aurelie Azoug
IDEA: Inflatable/Deployable Experimental Airlock OSU will develop an Inflatable/Deployable Crew‐lock to Enhance Gateway Ground Test and Evaluation as part of an undergraduate STEM design experience. Dubbed Inflatable/Deployable Experimental Airlock, or IDEA, this system will be developed around NASA proposed operational system concepts but with novel design elements developed as part of an interdisciplinary senior design experience. The student teams will develop and demonstrate a fully functional and integratable test unit that will be evaluated at the OSU facility prior to delivery to NASA JSC for final evaluation and testing. Sponsors: National Space Grant Foundation PI/PD: James Jacob
Non‐contact, in vivo Measurement of Hyper‐Elastic Response of Bio‐Membranes for Predicting Traumatic Injuries The objective of this work is to develop a novel non‐contact, in vivo testing framework for measuring the hyper‐elastic mechanical properties of soft bio‐membranes. The PI proposes to use full‐field three‐dimensional (3D) fluorescent technique in connection with high‐speed microscopic photography to detect the deformation of bio‐membranes under bulge pressure loading. An inverse problem methodology will be adopted by combining finite element method (FEM) simulation and numerical iterations to obtain the bio‐membrane’s full‐field response so that a full ‘map’ of localized biomembrane properties can be obtained. Sponsors: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Shuodao Wang
Joint Industry Project for the Quantification of Fluid Phase Kinetics in Hydrocarbons Phase 2 Phase 2 will consist of two research aims: 1) Quantify the impact of inlet conditioning on gas evolution rates, 2) Quantify the effect of production chemicals on gas evolution rates. For both research aims, the impact of temperature on gas evolution rates will also be evaluated. These research aims build on the Phase 1 work that showed the importance of both shear and crude oil heterogeneity on gas evolution rates. Sponsors: Exxon‐Mobil Upstream Research Company, Anadarko Petroleum Company, Chevron U.S.A. Inc., Equinor AS PI/PDs: J.P. Conner Chemical Engineering: Clint Aichele, Sayeed Mohammad Finite Element Simulations on the Large Deformation of Films Near the Forming Shoulder of a Vertical Packaging Machine The research project objective is to develop a 3D finite element model for obtaining the strain and stress distribution in the flexible packaging films traveling through different formers. The 3D finite element model will use the material properties of the film, two representative former shapes, and simulate the tension applied on the film under working condition, as well as the effects of the base roller distance. Sponsor: PepsiCo PI/PD: Shuodao Wang
Space‐borne Antennas & Circuits for Condensed Radars and STEM (SPACERS) The goal is to combine the recently developed digital radar techniques with new and innovative, adaptive radar hardware to help NASA move towards space‐borne applications of new radar systems like EcoSAR. This will be achieved by splitting the effort into five tasks: 1) Transmit/receive module development; 2) Radar fairing design, flight experiments, and data collection; 3) Space‐borne antenna design; 4) Waveform optimization; and 5) Meteorological sciences. Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration PI/PD: Andy Arena
Research on Inflatable Kite Technology This visiting research scholar program will include: 1) inflatable technology development, 2) kite dynamics modeling, 3) designing and building up the flight system, 4) validation of the system. Sponsor: Toyota Motor Corporation PI/PD: Jamey Jacob
Assessment of Radiation Shielding Properties of Novel and Baseline Materials External to ISS The project will test and measure the radiation shielding and other properties of the multifunctional materials developed in previous awards. In this project, the materials will be tested in the actual space environment external to the International Space Station. Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration PI/PDs: Andy Arena School of Materials Science & Engineering: Ranji Vaidyanathan Department of Physics: Eric Benton
Application of Raman and Infrared Microscopy for the Forensic Examination of Automotive Clear Coats and Paint Smears Current approaches by PDQ, the largest forensic automotive paint database, to identify clear coats have been unsuccessful because the FTIR spectra of clear coats are too similar to generate accurate hit lists by searching clear coat FTIR spectra alone. Recent studies of pattern recognition methods applied to FTIR spectra of clear coats show that information about the line and model of the vehicle can be obtained from these spectra. To enhance the discrimination power of clear coats, Raman spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques will be investigated as a solution to the problem of extracting investigative lead information from clear coats. Sponsor: U.S. Department of Justice PI/PDs: Kaan Kalkan Arts & Sciences: Barry K. Lavine
Reducing Time to Market for Commercial AC Equipment through Development of a Simulation Platform for Multi‐Circuit Evaporator Coil Performance The research focuses on the development of a new heat exchanger simulation model for multi‐ circuited heat exchangers. This model will include consideration of cross‐fin conduction for multi‐circuited coils. The new model will be implemented into Johnson Controls International’s (JCI’s) simulation platform to allow usage for coil design with graphical user interfaces. The model will allow JCI a more competitive product development process. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Christian Bach, Craig Bradshaw
Truth Measurement of Signal Strength Task 0002 The FAA provides opportunities for educating and training future aviation electronics professionals through theoretical studies and practical applications. The scope of work may include: 1) Predict 3D radiation patterns for various installed antennas on the flight inspection aircraft; 2) Design, develop, and certify a UAS that can serve as a reference measurement system for certifying new aircraft Flight Inspection Systems; 3) Use the UAS as a platform for testing new flight inspection sensors and antennas; 4) Design, develop and research feasibility of using rotary wing UAS to support more precise and efficient ILS flight inspection; 5) Other tasks agreed upon. Sponsor: Federal Aviation Administration PI/PDs: Jamey Jacob, Gary Ambrose Electrical and Computer Engineering: Jim West
Collaborative Research: The Roles of Inter‐limb Jets and Body Angles in Metachronal Swimming of Crustaceans This project examines how small‐scale interactions between adjacent limbs of crustaceans coalesce with large‐scale flow past the body. Recent robotic models show the formation of suction and expulsion jets between adjacent paddles due to their time‐varying geometry that is dictated by the phase difference in motion. Self‐propelling metachronal swimming robots will be developed to examine swimming of individuals and aggregates. The findings will provide insight into crustacean foraging, and how schooling behavior in krill is influenced by hydrodynamic cues. Understanding functional roles of pleopod kinematics and body shape on swimming performance will identify biomimetic design principles for autonomous underwater vehicles. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Arvind Santhanakrishnan
Fundamental Study of the Ultra Precision Machining and Near Surface Damage Evolution in Single Crystal Fluorides for Advanced Optics The objective is to test the hypothesis that degradation in optical performance of single crystal calcium fluoride which has been finished by ultra‐precision machining is directly related to the nature and extent of the near surface damage introduced. The research will utilize specially designed cutting experiments on single crystal calcium fluoride to investigate the crystal response to machining with single crystal diamond tools. Three cutting geometries will be considered. After surface generation, the resulting subsurface damage will be investigated with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy. Changes caused by machining to transmissivity and birefringence will be quantified. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Don A. Lucca
Photolytic Nanoconjugate Fuel Generators The long‐term goal is to develop a novel fuel‐generating (H2 and CO from water and CO2) photoelectrochemical (PEC) device, which consists of a metal oxide semiconductor nanowire decorated with metal nanoparticles. The investigator hypothesizes electronic, electrostatic and plasmonic mechanisms, which are unique to the nanoconjugate device structure and materials. These hypothetical attributes will be verified and elucidated by designed experiments. Based on encouraging preliminary results using sol‐gel prepared vanadium oxyhydrate nanowires coated with nanogold (5.6% light‐to‐hydrogen efficiency with H2 to O2 ratio of 2.0 under 445 nm radiation), the project aims at high conversion energy and stability. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Kaan Kalkan
The Efficacy and Safety of Silicone O‐ring Intrauterine Devices as a Horse Contraceptive Through a Captive Breeding Trial The purpose is to complete research on the safety and efficacy of an IUD device that has high potential value in feral horse population management and control. Earlier research has shown near 100% contraception when the devices are retained in mares. We are testing a modified IUD, designed for higher retention in the mare. Two years of research have been completed (FY16‐17) on the work described in the supporting CESU agreement (G16AC00050) and project study plan, and this agreement will enable two additional years of direct evaluation of IUD retention rates and biophysical reaction of female horses to IUDs. Sponsor: U.S. Geological Survey PI/PDs: Shuodao Wang Center for Veterinary Health Sciences: G. Reed Holyoak, Candace Lyman
Effect of Inlet Duct and Damper Design on ASHRAE 37/116 Fan Performance and Static Pressure Measurements The objective of this project is to develop an inlet duct design guideline for inclusion into the AHRI and ASHRAE testing standards. This guideline will reduce the risk of false testing failures and lead to a higher integrity of the testing results across different laboratories. The guideline will reduce the design space towards a set of configurations and report the resulting performance differences relative to reference configuration. Sponsor: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐Conditioning Engineers, Inc. PI/PDs: Christian Bach, Omer San
Experimental Validation of Refrigerant Charge Models in Coils for Residential Split Systems The goal of the project is to provide high quality data for oil retention and refrigerant charge in fin‐tube heat exchangers. The objectives are: 1) Develop a test methodology for measuring both oil retention and refrigerant charge of round tube, plate fin (RTPF) heat exchangers, 2) Obtain oil retention and refrigerant charge data for several sets of 3‐ton indoor/outdoor heat exchangers and reduce the results such that it can be used for validation of simulation models, 3) Determine local vapor‐liquid fractions in subsections of the heat exchanger. Sponsor: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐Conditioning Engineers, Inc. PI/PDs: Christian Bach, Craig Bradshaw
Robust Moving Target Handoff in GPS‐Denied Environments OSU will provide research and development to support UtopiaCompression Corporation’s STTR Phase II program. The research and development will be specifically related to pose estimation between the target and handoff UAVs and the navigation algorithm used to guide the handoff UAV toward the target UAV. OSU will also support flight tests and integration activities associated with the Phase II program. Sponsor: UtopiaCompression Company for Air Force PI/PD: He Bai
SNM: Roll‐to‐Roll Nanoimprint Manufacturing of Metasurfaces for Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications Roll‐to‐Roll Nanoimprint Lithography is expected to overcome many limitations of current batch imprint techniques, including large area and high throughput patterning, easy demolding and lower cost. The potential for creating engineered surfaces leading to new products is significant, such as wire‐grid polarizers, anti‐reflective surfaces, and nanogratings for novel color filters for use in displays. This potential will be demonstrated in this project by manufacturing metasurfaces known to be useful in optical communication, information processing, laser systems and to improve the efficiency of LCD displays. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: James K. Good, Don Lucca
Modification of Near‐Wall, High‐Reynolds Number Velocity Profiles with Polymer Solution This project experimentally examines how drag‐reducing polymer solutions modify the near‐ wall region of a high‐Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer. While this has been thought to be well understood for decades, recent numerical and experimental data show significant deviation from the classical view. Available data shows a non‐universal behavior when the drag reduction is above 40%, which can only be partially explained by a Reynolds number effect. Consequently, the behavior must be dependent on polymer properties. Thus this project measures the near‐wall region at various values of drag reduction, Reynolds number and polymer properties (Weissenberg number, viscosity ratio, and length ratio). Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Brian Elbing
Metamaterials Inspired Nonlinear and Inertant MEMS Devices This project will investigate development of MEMS devices that incorporate metamaterial concepts. Further research on the mechanisms involved as well as interactive synergies between combinations of nonlinear and inertant microstructures along with a focus on practical strategies to scale and fabricate such designs could provide a promising first step in the direction of developing a new class of MEMS devices. Potential applications include vibration and shock isolation of sensitive electronics, broadband transduction and energy harvesting, frequency manipulation, wave steering and focusing, and amplitude‐triggered mechanical encryption, all of which are significantly aligned with defense‐related interests. Sponsor: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency PI/PD: James Manimala
Inflatable Structures Feasibility Studies OSU shall perform tasks in support of the development of inflatable structures on a scale model to evaluate and develop design, deployment, and control methods. Sponsor: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America (TEMA) PI/PD: Jamey Jacob
Enhancing the Oklahoma Alliance for Manufacturing Excellence with Applications Engineers in Rural Areas The Applications Engineering Program works to increase the competitiveness of existing small and medium sized rural manufacturers by providing on‐site, focused engineering assistance and technology transfer services. By placing a staff of engineers across the state, the program provides manufacturers with direct access to the latest in technology including access to the resources of Oklahoma State University’s engineering faculty. The program is a cooperative effort between the University and the Oklahoma Manufacturing Alliance. Sponsor: Oklahoma Alliance for Manufacturing Excellence, Inc. for National Institute of Standards and Technology PI/PDs: Daniel E. Fisher, Division of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources: Daniel Thomas
Design of an Airplane Transporting System The goal of this project is to complete the full research, conceptualization and design for a 90 degree curve that is bounded on each end with a 15 meter straight section of the underground airplane conveyance system presented to Oklahoma State University by Airplane Transport Systems. The design process will be completed in 18 months with all documentation necessary to fabricate and install the system for testing with an aircraft. Sponsor: ATC World Wide, LLC PI/PDs: James Kidd Civil and Environmental Engineering: Julie Hartell, Mohamed Soliman Electrical and Computer Engineering: Nishantha Ekneligoda New Product Development Center: Robert Taylor
Edge Aerodynamix Conformal Vortex Generators The team will test and evaluate through qualitative and quantitative visualization the Edge Aerodynamix, Inc. Conformal Vortex Generators via various diagnostic techniques in aerodynamic facilities at OSU. The purpose of this effort is to conduct contract services to better understand the behavior of the flow control effects generated by the Edge technology. Sponsor: Edge Aerodynamix, Inc. PI/PDs: Jamey Jacob, Brian Elbing Mechanical Engineering Technology: Aaron Alexander
Electromagnetic Strategies for Locatable Plastic Pipe Oklahoma State University will provide access and expertise for the operation of the labscale extrusion system located in the Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center. The partially supported graduate student will run extrusion experiments and help the University of Tulsa researchers optimize extrusion parameters to meet the technical needs of the proposed research project. Sponsor: The University of Tulsa for the U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration PI/PD: Raman P. Singh
Development of “Optimized” FME UAV Platform – MVP3 Previously, OSU conducted proof‐of‐concept testing of the UAV system, demonstrating that a UAV‐based methane detection system is technically feasible. GE’s MVP3 is an optimized methane‐sensing UAV. GE will provide the sensor to OSU. OSU will provide the autopilot system and integrate it with the UAV platform, the testing facility of this prototype, and the CH4 leak source at the ground level. Sponsor: GE Global Research PI/PD: Jamey Jacob
Sensor and Information Research Center for Understanding Systems The objective is to investigate properties of statistical observability and its interaction with controllability. When designing a statistical estimator, the goal is generally to minimize uncertainty of the output below some threshold amount. In linear systems, this is simplified by the fact that performance of the estimator is solely a function of the system itself and the inputs. In real‐world systems, however, the control inputs can have a significant impact on performance of the estimator. This project will investigate tools to help estimate what the impact of different control inputs will be on statistical observability of a nonlinear system. Sponsor: Wright State University for Air Force Research Laboratory PI/PD: He Bai
UNS: Collaborative Research: Role of Bristled Wings for Flying and Swimming at Low Reynolds Numbers Although the aerodynamic principles of insect flight at the scale of fruit flies and above are reasonably well understood, the fluid dynamic mechanisms that enable very tiny insects to generate lift or thrust remain unclear. This research will elucidate the fluid dynamic principles used by tiny insects for lift and thrust production under substantial viscous resistance at low Reynolds numbers (Re) from 1‐100. Two types of insects will be examined, including: 1) thrips, which are capable of migration between orchards in air, and 2) parasitoid wasps with a focus on fairyflies capable of flying in air and swimming in water. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Arvind Santhanakrishnan
RII Track‐2 FEC: Unmanned Aircraft System for Atmospheric Physics Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (SUAS) have the potential to become an invaluable diagnostic tool for atmospheric science and operational meteorology. However, many scientific, technical, societal, and regulatory challenges must be solved before this can happen. The team of four universities across three EPSCoR jurisdictions, including atmospheric scientists, meteorologists, engineers, computer scientists, geographers, and chemists, will develop integrated smart unmanned aircraft technologies including advanced sensing and imaging, robust autonomous navigation, enhanced data communication capabilities, and data management tools. The team will also address public policy challenges related to adoption of UAS technology and integration of unmanned aircraft into the NAS. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Jamey Jacob, Brian Elbing College of Arts & Sciences: A. Frazier, C. Crick
Advanced Surface Plasma Nitriding for Development of Corrosion Resistant and Accident Tolerant Fuel Cladding Although various surface coating techniques have been proposed to increase oxidation and corrosion resistance of fuel cladding materials, the de‐bonding of the coating layer with the original cladding matrix under exposure to coolants makes such approaches unsuitable for reactor applications. Furthermore, the feasibility of techniques for large scale processing on cladding tubes remains another technological bottleneck. This project aims to develop a hollow cathode plasma nitriding technique to solve the above issues. The project will impact both the development of advanced methods for manufacturing and the development of advanced reactor in‐core structural materials. Sponsor: Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station for Department of Energy PI/PD: Don A. Lucca
Radiation Tolerance and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Amorphous‐ Ceramic/Metal Composites The goal is to use a radically non‐traditional approach to design amorphous‐ceramic/metal composites for service in extreme irradiation environments. Rather than try to prevent microstructure changes in polycrystalline aggregates, the team will evolve composite systems where one of the constituents is intentionally synthesized in a non‐crystalline or “amorphous” state. The amorphous alloys will be used to develop advanced amorphous‐ceramic/metal composites with greatly improved radiation tolerance above 300 dpa (displacements per atom), stability above 500 ºC, and improved mechanical performance combining the good properties of amorphous materials (high strength and elastic limit) with those of crystalline materials (high toughness, strain hardening). Sponsor: The Board of Regents for the University of Nebraska for the University of Nebraska‐ Lincoln for DOE PI/PD: Don A. Lucca
Fundamental Studies on Sintering of Amorphous Alloys, Composites and Coatings This work investigates basic phenomena associated with spark plasma sintering (SPS) of Fe‐ based amorphous alloys. The theme of the work is that the unique mechanisms of SPS sintering, including Joule heating at the particle contacts under the simultaneous influence of pulsed direct current and uniaxial pressure, will help retain amorphous structure in the sintered compacts without undesirable crystallization. A plan is proposed to overcome the challenges associated with conventional solidification processing through innovative approaches: 1) SPS of bulk amorphous alloys, 2) SPS of in‐situ (crystallization induced) and ex‐situ (particulate reinforced and laminated) composites, and 3) SPS of amorphous composite coatings. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Sandip P. Harimkar
Robust Adaptive Autonomy in Contested Environments Unmanned Aircraft (UA) have seen deployment and success in diverse battle arenas, however, the current heavily‐supervised UA operation paradigm is not well matched with emerging needs of conflict. This work includes development of novel adaptive learning and decision‐ making algorithms that can provide robust mission performance in dynamically changing contested environments. The approach departs from the emerging theory of Bayesian Nonparametric modeling, leading to: 1) New scalable nonparametric predictive models and inference techniques for stochastic nonstationary processes with both long‐term and abrupt changes; 2) Adaptive decision making algorithms that utilize these models for collaborative decision‐making in uncertain, nonstationary, and contested environments. Sponsor: Air Force Office of Scientific Research PI/PDs: Girish Chowdhary, Dan Fisher
NRI: Collaborative Goal and Policy Learning from Human Operators of Construction Co‐ Robots The overall goal of the research is to investigate and significantly advance the science of collaborative interaction between human operators and co‐robots. The scientific inquiries will lead to the development of algorithms that can be used to train co‐robots from skilled human operators to efficiently perform complex tasks in the face of real‐world uncertainty, and to guide novice operators in performing such tasks. The primary targeted application is the construction and farming equipment industry that includes complex co‐robots such as excavators, wheel loaders, tractors, forage harvesters where there is a significant need to understand and improve human‐robot collaborative learning. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Girish Chowdhary College of Arts & Sciences: Christopher Crick, Charles Abramson
NASA Oklahoma Space Grant 2015‐2019 The NASA Oklahoma Space Grant Consortium includes numerous affiliates in the state including eight universities, two community colleges, two industrial affiliates, two informal science education affiliates, research center affiliate, and city government affiliate. The affiliates use NASA funding to develop programs for students to meet NASA goals. Some of the programs at OSU that receive this funding include Speedfest, Mission to Planet Earth, X‐Hab, and OSU American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics High‐Power Rocketry Team. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for NASA PI/PD: Andy Arena
EnergyPlus Whole‐Building Modeling and Simulation Software Development EnergyPlus is a key part of DOE’s building energy‐efficiency strategy. In its ongoing program implementation and technical management efforts, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) requires the assistance of OSU to provide technical support for new features development and for software defects resolutions. Sponsor: Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC for National Renewable Energy Laboratory PI/PDs: Matt Mitchell, Dan Fisher, Jeff Spitler
Collaborative Research: Manufacturing of Complex Lenses for Thermal Imaging, Night Vision and Surveillance Systems The objective is to test the hypothesis that when diamond milling brittle materials, the material response and character of the resulting surface and subsurface depends not only on the geometry of the tool‐workpiece interaction, but also on the non‐steady state nature of the process. Because of the effect on material response, some materials that are not practically diamond turnable can be machined by diamond milling. Research tasks include: 1) Design and construction of a simplified milling configuration, 2) Generation of machined specimens, 3) Surface and subsurface characterization. The outcome will identify conditions for more productive diamond milling of materials. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Don A. Lucca
Radiation Smart Structures with H‐rich Nanostructured Multifunctional Materials Through this NASA EPSCoR award, radiation smart structures and materials with H‐rich nanostructured multifunctional materials will be developed and built for shielding astronauts from ionizing radiation during human missions beyond low‐Earth orbit. The approach is interdisciplinary and involves research groups in Materials Science and Engineering at OSU Tulsa, the Dept. of Physics and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at OSU Stillwater. The research will find applications in a number of radiation based industries including medical physics and nuclear power generation in which high‐strength, lightweight radiation shielding materials and appliances are needed. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for NASA EPSCoR PI/PDs: Raman Singh Materials Science and Engineering: Ranji Vaidyanathan Physics: Eric Benton
NUE: Nanotechnology Education for Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing Roll‐to‐Roll (R2R) manufacturing of flexible materials offers advantages over batch processing, including better yields, high speed automation, and potential to mass produce finished materials at lower costs. Since R2R manufacturing and the broader paradigm of additive manufacturing are seen as essential parts of advanced manufacturing, it is essential that these topics are introduced to undergraduate students. The goal is to educate undergraduate students in core nanotechnology topics for high precision R2R manufacturing. The investigators will develop curriculum material in nanotechnology and high precision R2R manufacturing in six undergraduate courses: Introduction to Engineering, Measurements, Manufacturing Processes, Mechatronics, Automatic Control, and Vibrations. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Matthew Klopfstein, Don A. Lucca
Determining the Environmental Flows Needed to Support the Federally‐threatened Arkansas River Shiner Notropis Griadi and Associated Assemblage Objectives include: 1) Develop relationships between flow regime and fish diversity and abundance using existing assemblage data across the Southern Great Plains, 2) Identify the discharge(s) that maintains channel complexity under current channel morphology, 3) Determine the relationship among habitat connectivity and flow and identify refuge habitats that persist during low‐flow periods. Sponsor: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service PI/PDs: Jamey Jacob Natural Resource Ecology and Management: Shannon Brewer Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering: Garey Fox
US‐Germany Cooperative Research: M4 ‐ High Resolution Surface Zone Analysis and Ion Beam Processing In previous phases of this research, the research team utilized a range of high resolution surface techniques to quantify the mechanical and chemical nature of newly developed mold coatings for use in optical component production. The team found that ion irradiation is an effective means to convert hybrid sol‐gel films to their final hardened state. The project focuses on the use of high resolution surface zone techniques to aid in the development of new advanced mold coatings based on ion irradiated sol‐gel films, and to enable the near surface mechanical and chemical characterization of both mold surfaces and optical components. Sponsor: Foundation Institute for Materials Science IWT ‐ STB/TR4 PI/PD: Don A. Lucca
Web Transport Systems The objectives of this research are: 1) to expand the range of static and dynamic models in WTS to include models for new elements identified by sponsors, 2) to refine the models for viscoelastic effects and web‐roller slip effects, 3) to develop new models for the precise control of tension in each section in a multi‐span web transport system, and 4) to develop guidelines for selection of the control algorithms which best meet the defined performance objectives for a given application. Sponsor: Web Handling Research Center PI/PDs: Keith Good, Karl Reid
Mechanical Behavior of a Web during Winding The objective of this project is to develop algorithms for wound‐on‐tension for various types of winding in which nips are involved in the winding configuration, to study varying nip winding conditions and parameters so that the mechanics of nip winding can be quantified and incorporated into winding and defect models, and to study and develop models for nip related defects. Sponsor: Web Handling Center PI/PD: Keith Good
Web Wrinkling ‐ Prediction and Failure Analysis Web quality degradation can occur if wrinkling takes place across the rollers or inside (or upon) wound rolls. This research is concerned with determining how wrinkles form as a function of web line and web material parameters. Sponsor: Web Handling Center PI/PD: Keith Good
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CENTER
Development of a Fluid Turbulator for Use in Hydrocarbon Burner Tubes to Reduce Coking XRG Technologies, in collaboration with OSU’s New Product Development Center (NPDC), will develop a fluid turbulator for use in hydrocarbon burner tubes to reduce coking. The NPDC will be responsible for fabrication and testing of the turbulators. Sponsor: XRG Technologies, LLC for the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Robert Taylor
Optimization of Flow and Disbursement for Green Fire Suppression Agent SpectrumFX, in collaboration with the OSU New Product Development Center, will plan, design, test and optimize a new green fire suppressant system that may possibly replace existing systems in a variety of fields. The first effort will model the system, defining optimum operating parameters and physical nozzle configuration. The model results will be used to design a fire suppression system with nozzles matching the model, all of which will then be tested and verified by a Phase Doppler Interferometer. The project will also include the fabrication and field testing of the first prototype system. Sponsor: Spectrum FX for the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Robert Taylor Chemical Engineering: Clint Aichele Fire Protection and Safety Technology: Haejun Park
Oklahoma Inventors Assistance Service EDA Technical Assistance The NPDC will identify and recruit eligible project participants. Participants will be initially identified from the pre‐existing project participant database to ensure all diversification projects are considered. Additional identification and recruitment activities will be performed in conjunction with The Oklahoma Manufacturing Alliance. New companies will be contacted to provide a list of services available to assist the company in diversifying beyond oil and gas markets. The NPDC will provide engineering assistance in the areas of product and process redesign, 3D modeling and drawing packages, finite element analysis, product testing, prototyping, and engineering analysis services as required by the project participant. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Robert Taylor, Jessica Stewart
Commercialization of a novel single‐use bioreactor Specific aims include: 1) Design and fabricate a 2 to 200 L, two‐chamber bioreactor from flexible, pharmaceutical grade plastic film, 2) Perform a ‘design for manufacturing’ analysis of the bioreactor and incorporate design changes necessary to accommodate large scale manufacturing, 3) Develop an operating procedure and evaluate the performance of the 2 to 200 L bioreactor by growing a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that produces the recombinant protein IgG, 4) Build a manufacturing process to produce multi‐chamber bioreactors. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Robert Taylor Chemical Engineering: Josh Ramsey
Design and Fabrication of a Cricket Farming System NPDC will provide design engineering, fabrication and testing services for the proposed cricket farming system. NPDC will test various materials and parts to determine materials appropriate for cricket husbandry; test materials to determine what the crickets can and can't crawl on; test vibration and acceleration needed to vibrate/shake crickets for harvesting purposes; evaluate conveyor belt materials and design; and evaluate various parts and components for their intended purpose. NPDC will design an improved cricket cage system that employs an innovative matrix media and watering, feeding, and automated harvesting design. The prototype will be tested through 1‐2 cricket growth cycles. Sponsor: All Things Bugs, LLC for DARPA PI/PD: Robert Taylor
Investigation of an Absorption/Reflection Based Chlorine Sensor The proposed product is a non‐invasive, non‐destructive, long life sensor that measures active or “free” chlorine content in water or aqueous solutions using photometric quantitative analysis techniques. The end uses for this product are water monitoring and treatment industries. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Robert Taylor Electrical and Computer Engineering: Keith Teague
Design of an Airplane Transporting System The goal of this project is to complete the full research, conceptualization and design for a 90 degree curve that is bounded on each end with a 15 meter straight section of the underground airplane conveyance system presented to Oklahoma State University by Airplane Transport Systems. The design process will be completed in 18 months with all documentation necessary to fabricate and install the system for testing with an aircraft. Sponsor: ATC World Wide, LLC PI/PDs: Robert Taylor Civil and Environmental Engineering: Julie Hartell, Mohamed Soliman Electrical and Computer Engineering: Nishantha Ekneligoda Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: James Kidd
Establishing a Working Prototype Development Program OSU’s New Product Development Center (NPDC) assists Oklahoma’s industry, inventors, and entrepreneurs with their product and process development, technology commercialization, and technical needs. NPDC clients often lack the resources to develop working prototypes. With this Economic Development Administration grant, NPDC will launch a working prototype development center at the OSU Institute of Technology, allowing NPDC clients to have all the necessary resources for a successful path from concept to commercialization. Sponsor: U.S. Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration PI/PDs: Robert Taylor
Oklahoma Small Business Development Center Network 2018 OSU’s Small Business and Technology Development Center (SBTDC) was created through a partnership with the Oklahoma Small Business Development Center and with matching funds from the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology. SBTDC provides business services such as business planning, financial analysis, marketing research, lending assistance, government contracting and manufacturing assistance to new or established businesses. SBTDC advisors work with business owners to determine the type of service needed. Free business counseling, low cost training, workshops and web‐based tools are provided based on needs. The SBTDC works with the Small Business Development Center network across the state. Sponsor: Southeastern Oklahoma State University for U.S. Small Business Administration PI/PD: Robert Taylor
Oklahoma Inventors Assistance Service The Inventors’ Assistance Service (IAS) provides information, education, and assistance to Oklahoma inventors navigating the process of transitioning an idea into a product. The IAS offers workshops; maintains a website, a resource database, and a roster of contacts; offers informational materials; and offers general assistance to persons navigating the invention process. The IAS operates the Selected Inventions Program to organize inventor efforts to successfully bring an invention to the point where the process transitions to licensing, manufacturing, or recruitment of capital. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Robert Taylor, Jessica Stewart
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
MSA Customized Fire Suppression Systems Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Training CEAT Professional Development will deliver a 4‐day ‐ 32 hour Customized Fire Alarm Systems Inspection, Testing & Maintenance training and a 4‐day – 32 hour Customized Fire Suppression Systems, Inspection & Testing course. The trainings will meet all the requirements of the Statement of Work (SOW) provided by the Mission Support Alliance (MSA). Sponsor: Mission Support Alliance, LLC for the Department of Energy PI/PD: Brandy Mays Highway Construction Materials Technician Training & Certification Program The College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology (CEAT) at OSU is partnering with the Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the administration, management and delivery of the Training and Certification Program (HCMTP) for the Oklahoma Highway Construction Materials Technician Certification Board. This program serves ODOT, the Oklahoma Turnpike Authority, and the transportation construction industry. OSU CEAT assumes responsibility for all aspects of HCMTP training and certification including program training, certification, program administration, record keeping, and equipment upkeep and maintenance. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation PI/PDs: Brandy Mays Civil Engineering: Stephen A. Cross
OSU as an Authorized OSHA Training Institute Education Center OTI Education Centers are a national network of non‐profit organizations authorized by OSHA to deliver occupational safety and health training to private and public sector workers, supervisors, and employers on behalf of OSHA. The OTI Education Centers Program supports OSHA’s training and education mission through a variety of safety and health programs. OTI Education Center courses include OSHA standards and Outreach Training Program trainer and update courses. The OTI Education Centers offer more than 50 courses on various safety and health topics including recordkeeping, machine guarding, confined space, electrical standards, ergonomics, safety and health management, and fall protection. Sponsor: United States Department of Labor – Occupational Safety and Health Administration PI/PD: Clayton Moorman
TRIBAL TECHNICAL TRAINING CENTER
STIC Incentive: Accelerating Innovation Deployment in Oklahoma The purpose of this project is to promote innovation to Tribes, locals, and internal staff of ODOT and FHWA through education, information sharing, and media. Through this work, TTC will elevate the state's profile to the wider transportation community (elected officials, the traveling public, and nationwide) by sharing Oklahoma’s progress and successes. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Transportation for the United States Federal Highway Administration PI/PD: Karla Sisco
DIVISION OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (TECH)
IAFC Climate Culture Survey Tasks include: 1) Explore the literature for validated measures related to organizational culture and organizational diversity; 2) Construct questionnaire; 3) Pilot test the questionnaire; 4) Conduct preliminary analysis on the data, discuss results with IAFC partners, and develop customized, department‐level reports; 5) Finalize and submit final report on the survey and instructional guide to IAFC. Sponsor: International Association of Fire Chiefs PI/PDs: Haley Murphy
Flame Mitigation The main objective of this project is to check if a jet fire occurs when portable gas containers (PGCs) are tilted while being exposed to an external ignition source with and without a specifically designed Flame Mitigation Device (FMD) installed. Three different sizes of PGCs (1 gal, 2 gal and 5 gal) are subject to the experiments. Sponsor: TPG Plastics, LLC PI/PDs: Haejun Park, Rob Agnew
Safe Quantity of Open Medical Gas Storage in a Smoke Compartment Although NFPA 99 allows medical gas up to 300 ft3 to be stored outside of dedicated storage, it is not clear how to determine the volume of gas remaining in the gas cylinder or the cylinder size itself. To provide a requirement as low as reasonably practicable, fire risk assessment associated with the medical gas amount is necessary. The research aims to identify risk associated with the medical gas (normally pure oxygen) and its stored amount based on thorough literature review. Based on this, a guidance to enhance understanding on the fire hazards of the medical gas is proposed. Sponsor: Fire Protection Research Foundation PI/PD: Haejun Park
Household Risk Perceptions and Hazard Adjustments to Earthquakes in Oklahoma The project will result in a significant progression in fundamental understanding of risk, providing emergency managers with key information they can use in the development of emergency management plans and campaigns to encourage the adoption of hazard adjustment measures. Objectives include: 1) to understand Oklahoma household’s view of recent earthquakes, their earthquake risk perceptions, and their levels of adjustment to the seismic hazard, 2) to investigate the ways in which emergency management researchers can increase their mail survey response rate, and 3) to gain insight on minority groups’ earthquake risk perception and adjustment levels in Oklahoma. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Tristan Wu
Edge Aerodynamix Conformal Vortex Generators The team will test and evaluate through qualitative and quantitative visualization the Edge Aerodynamix, Inc. Conformal Vortex Generators via various diagnostic techniques in aerodynamic facilities at OSU. The purpose of this effort is to conduct contract services to better understand the behavior of the flow control effects generated by the Edge technology. Sponsor: Edge Aerodynamix, Inc. PI/PDs: Aaron Alexander Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: Jamey Jacob, Brian Elbing
An Examination of Household Risk Assessment Judgments and Protective Action Decisions During Tornado Threats The project will advance knowledge about households’ dynamic decision making process in response to tornado threats. Objectives include: 1) Understand the extent of each household member’s tornado risk information preference and how that is related to their risk perceptions and expected protective actions, 2) Identify the difference between each individual’s protective action decisions and household’s joint protective action decisions, 3) Examine ways household members see agreement on protective action decisions, 4) Examine household decision making processes when individuals face an unfamiliar disaster, 5) Provide empirical research findings on household risk information preferences and decision‐making processes to meteorologists and emergency managers. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Tristan Wu
Kangwon National Education Services Agreement This agreement is for the delivery of the Master of Science in Fire and Emergency Management Administration degree program offered by OSU to Kangwon National University and the National Fire Service Academy, Republic of Korea. Under the agreement, Kangwon National University will also offer a master’s degree enabling qualified students to receive a master’s degree from both OSU and Kangwon National University after completion of all degree requirements from the respective universities. Sponsor: Kangwon National University PI/PD: Haley Murphy
Disaster Command and Training Basic Course The goal of the project is for the PI to revise and edit the training manual for Taipei City Fire Department in Taiwan. In addition, and on‐site class will be provided to enhance the training. Sponsor: Taipei City Fire Department PI/PD: Ray Chang
Create a Survey & Perform Preliminary Data Analysis on the IAFC’s Fellowship Program The investigator and her graduate student will develop a questionnaire for the International Association of Fire Chiefs, including adjusting the questionnaire for organizational and employee structure of the departments being surveyed. The investigators will analyze the data and develop a report. Sponsor: International Association of Fire Chiefs PI/PD: Haley Murphy
RAPID/Collaborative Research: Households Immediate Response During a Night Time Earthquake The purpose of this RAPID proposal is to examine households’ earthquake risk perceptions and their night time immediate response following the 2018 Eastern Taiwan Earthquake, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake which stuck Taiwan at 11:50 p.m. on February 6, 2018. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Tristan Wu
Flame Mitigation The main objective of this project is to check if a jet fire occurs when portable gas containers (PGCs) are tilted while being exposed to an external ignition source with and without a specifically designed Flame Mitigation Device installed. Three different sizes of PGCs (1.25 gal, 2.5 gal and 5 gal) are subject to the experiments. Sponsor: Midwest Can Company PI/PDs: Haejun Park, Qingsheng Wang
Industrial Assessment Center Program The mission of the IAC is to assess energy, waste, and productivity practices with the purpose of enhancing the management of the same within the clients enterprise and to share best practices with other IACs, while educating and training the next generation of energy, waste, and productivity professionals. The IAC will continue to serve clients throughout Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas, and north and northwest Texas, including the Texas Panhandle. The latest technology will be employed to perform assessments that focus on energy, waste, and productivity issues in the clients’ facilities. Sponsor: Department of Energy PI/PDs: Hitesh Vora Industrial Engineering & Management: William Kolarik, Terry Collins
Measuring Benefits of Horizontal Directional Drilling Compared to Open‐cut Using a Real‐time Wireless Smart Sensor The objectives of the project are to measure, analyze, and quantify the benefits of horizontal directional drilling over open‐cut procedures based on workers and equipment safety, productivity and airborne emission using a real‐time wireless smart sensor and traffic control analyses. The outcome is expected to be empirical evidence of the benefits of horizontal directional drilling over open‐cut procedures in terms of improved productivity, minimizing airborne emissions, workers and equipment safety, better traffic control management, and being a more economical solution. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma for Southern Plains Transportation Center for US Department of Transportation PI/PD: Jonghoon Kim
Fire Modeling of Apartment Fire Oklahoma State University will recreate the fire that occurred in Overland Park, Kansas using a fire simulation software program. The simulation will be based on the materials and design of the building as existed at the time of the fire. Comparisons will also be made to the use of other building materials. Key variables of interest include the temperatures, heat fluxes, and fire spread. The final report will consist of a copy of the simulation results (in a visual format) as well as a document providing the technical justification of the values used in the simulation. Sponsor: City of Overland Park, Kansas Fire Department PI/PD: Bryan Hoskins
Understanding the Significance of Standards in Fire Protection and Related Fields The project involves creating seven 30‐minute videos as a learning resource to be integrated into existing undergraduate, graduate, and professional development courses to educate students about the role of standards in the field of fire protection. The objective of the videos is to help students understand the standard development process and the applications of codes and standards. The standards to be addressed are product standards, installation and maintenance standards, and model codes. Sponsor: National Fire Protection Association Research Foundation PI/PDs: Bryan Hoskins, Virginia Charter Center for Veterinary Health Sciences – FY2019 Research Abstracts DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Estrogen Dependent Breast Cancer Treatment Targeting Estrogen Sulfotransferase This project develops novel treatment for estrogen dependent cancers by increasing in vivo estrogen sulfotransferase to inhibit in vivo estrogenic activity. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Guangping Chen
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Equine Athletic Performance Superior athletic performance in horses requires optimal physiological adaptation in the musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary systems, and improvements in these systems often lead to improve performance. Conversely, disease in these systems will invariably cause decreased performance, and in some cases the exercise itself is the cause of the disease. The goals of this program are to investigate the mechanisms underlying the physiological adaptation to exercise in horses, identify methods that will improve the horse's adaptation to exercise, and determine strategies that can prevent exercise induced disease. Sponsors: Oxley Chair in Equine Sports Medicine PI/PD: Michael Davis
Regulation of cGAS‐Mediated Cytosolic DNA Sensing Pathway cGAS binds cytosolic DNA and produces the second messenger, cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) that triggers signal cascades leading to type I interferon (IFN) expression and subsequent host innate immune defense. cGAS activity must be tightly regulated because sustained IFN production can lead to autoimmune diseases. This exploratory R21 application proposes C1QBP as a hidden host protector in mitochondria matrix. When mitochondria are damaged by infection and other cellular stresses, C1QBP is released from mitochondria to inhibit cGAS activity, thereby preventing excessive IFN response triggered by the leaked mtDNA. Sponsor: NIH PI/PD: Shitao Li
Taxilin Alpha Regulates DNA‐Mediated and Interferon‐Dependent Innate Immunity While exogenous DNA‐mediated immune response contributes to host defense, excessive host cytoplasmic DNA can result in autoimmune diseases due to interferon overproduction. Taxilin alpha (TXLNA) has been implied in autoimmune disease caused by cytosolic DNA. However, the role of TXLNA in DNA‐mediated innate immunity is unknown. Thus, it is pressing to elucidate the mechanisms of how TXLNA regulates DNA‐induced innate immune signaling. This application proposes a hypothesis that TXLNA is a new signaling molecule in DNA‐mediated, interferon‐dependent innate immunity. Sponsor: NIH PI/PD: Shitao Li
ZFC3H1 Regulation of Host Defense and Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly transmissible respiratory pathogen and presents a continued threat to global health, with considerable economic and social impact. IAV comprises a plethora of strains with different virulence determinants that contribute to influenza pathogenesis. Several determinants in non‐structural protein 1 (NS1) of high pathogenic IAV strains have been found to subvert host defense and increase virulences. However, the NS1 of 2009 pandemic IAV lacks all these virulence determinants. This proposal will uncover a new NS1 virulence determinant of 2009 pandemic flu and investigate how the determinant perturbs host RNA decay machinery by engagement with ZFC3H1. The outcomes of our study will not only help develop effective therapeutics, but is also crucial for prediction of future potential epidemics and pandemics. Sponsor: NIH, COBRE Project PI/PDs: Shitao Li (PI), Lin Liu (PD)
Role of Plakophilin 2 in Limiting Influenza A Virus Infection The objective of this proposal is to elucidate the mechanisms by which plakophilin 2 (PKP2), a novel interactor of polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) recently found in our lab, inhibits influenza polymerase activity. This study will elucidate a new host defense mechanism against IAV and provide insights for potential antiviral therapeutics. Sponsor: OCAST PI/PD: Shitao Li
Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases The overall goal of this Phase II CoBRE grant is to further develop the State‐wide multi‐institute Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases (OCRID) into a sustainable center of research excellence. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health/NIGMS, P20GM103648. PIs: Lin Liu Pathobiology: Richard Eberle OUHSC: Jordan Metcalf
The Role of LncRNAs in Pulmonary fibrosis The goal of this project is to study roles and mechanisms of lncRNA FENDRR in pulmonary fibrosis. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health/NHLBI, R01HL135152 PI: Lin Liu
miR‐101 Control of Pulmonary Fibrosis The goal of this grant is to understand microRNA regulation of the signaling pathways involved in fibroblast proliferation and activation in IPF Sponsor: National Institutes of Health/NHLBI, R01HL116876 PI: Lin Liu
MicroRNA‐193b regulation of influenza virus replication The major goal of this project is to investigate the functional role of the host miR‐193b in influenza virus replication Sponsor: National Institutes of Health/NIAID, R21AI121591 PI: Lin Liu
Clinical health markers, metabolites, inflammatory mediators and fecal microbiome in dogs fed raw meat based or commercial extruded kibble diets A large number of dog owners are passionate about feeding raw diets and strongly advocate that there are numerous health benefits of this method of feeding over more traditional, commercial kibble. However, despite the large amount of anecdotal information and testimony on social media, studies are lacking to support or refute these claims. One possible outcome of feeding dogs diets which have undergone more extensive processing might be an effect on nutrient availability or quality. Processing could have a direct effect on dog health by increasing or decreasing beneficial nutrients or toxic byproducts in the feed that are then absorbed from the GI tract after a meal. Alternatively, processing might produce an indirect effect by changing the type of resident bacteria that live in the dog’s GI tract. The gut bacteria have an important role in overall health and it is well documented that shifts in bacterial populations are seen with changes in diets and are associated with numerous diseases as well as generalized inflammation. The current study is designed to determine if dogs fed a raw meat based diet have differences in the GI bacterial populations, in metabolites or inflammatory markers in the blood, or changes in the physical health indicators compared to those fed kibble. The results of our study will provide new research‐ based insights into the health benefit and risk of different methods of feeding dogs resulting in improved recommendations for the best practices for feeding healthy dogs. Sponsor: American Holistic Veterinary Medical Foundation PI: Dianne McFarlane
CRISPRa LncRNA Screen for the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells The major goal of this project is to identify lncRNAs that can convert mesenchymal stem cells into lung cells to repair lung damages in lung diseases via genome‐wide CRISPR activation screen. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research PI: Lin Liu
The role of cytomegalovirus infection in immunosenescence in baboons as a model for human aging The goal of this project is to develop a method for monitoring herpes virus in baboon saliva and blood to facilitate further characterization of the role of life‐long infection by cytomegalovirus on aging of immune function. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health, Baboon Research Resource Program: 3P40OD010988‐18S1 PI/PDs: Dianne McFarlane, Erin Willis Whole genome sequencing to identify genetic risk factors for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and PPID‐associated laminitis. The goal of this project is identify genetic contributors to risk of PPID and dopaminergic neurodegeneration Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, CVHS RAC PI: Dianne McFarlane
Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program The goal of this program is to facilitate research and education in interdisciplinary toxicology. Sponsor: OSU Graduate College PIs: Carey Pope College of Arts & Sciences: Loren Smith College of Health Sciences: David Wallace
The Effect of Pesticide Exposure on Cognitive and Brain Development in Latino Children The goal of the project is to compare biomarkers of pesticide exposure to changes in brain development and cognitive function in children of Latino agricultural workers. Sponsor: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences PI/PDs: Paul Laurienti, Wake Forest University Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Carey Pope, Kirstin Hester
Effects of Chlorpyrifos Oxon on Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Signaling This project evaluates the effects of inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase by chlorpyrifos oxon and its possible influence on PPAR signaling and lipid metabolism in MCF‐7 cells. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, Sitlington Endowment PI/PDs: Stacey Herriage, Carey Pope, Guangping Chen
Extended Release of Pyridostigmine Bromide for Effectively Combating Nerve Agent Exposure This project studies the prolonged release of pyridostigmine in vitro and in vivo by formulation in nanocrystalline cellulose gels. Sponsor: Defense Threat Reduction Agency PI/PDs: Anamika Ray, Innosense LLC Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Kirstin Hester, Carey Pope
Role of glucose metabolism during respiratory infections The specific aims of this project are to test the hypotheses that: 1) impaired glucose transport and utilization enhances influenza infection in the lungs of diabetic animals; and 2) alterations of the insulin signaling pathway in the diabetic lung enhance the inflammatory response and the severity of influenza infection. Sponsor: NIH 2 P20 GM103648 PI/PD: Véronique Lacombe, Lin Liu (PD)
Novel mechanisms underlying hyperinsulinemia‐induced laminitis in horses The major goal is to characterize inflammatory and metabolic pathways, and additional novel cellular pathways using proteomic techniques in a large animal model. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University President’s Fellows PI/PD: Véronique Lacombe
Novel Large animal model of cardiovascular diseases The major goal is to develop a novel model of atrial fibrillation in horses. Sponsor: Office of the Vice President for Research PI/PDs: Véronique Lacombe, Michael Davis
Proteoglycans and insulin resistance: novel mechanisms The major goal is to understand the impact of reduced proteoglycan glycosaminoglycans on glucose metabolism in insulin‐sensitive tissue. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station funds PI/PDs: Myron Hinsdale, Véronique Lacombe Veterinary Pathobiology: Jerry Ritchey
Equine atrial fibrillation: novel cause and treatment The major goal is to characterize atrial fibrillation in horses with metabolic diseases and to investigate vagal nerve stimulation as a novel therapeutic strategy Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station funds PI/PDs: Véronique Lacombe, Martin Furr Veterinary Clinical Sciences: Ryan Baumwart, Lyndi Gilliam
The role of glucose metabolism during pulmonary influenza infection The goal of this project is to determine whether glucose transporters in the diabetic lung modulates glucose concentration in airway surface liquid and thus viral proliferation. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Center for Veterinary Health Sciences PI/PD: Allison Campolo, (Sponsor/Mentor: Véronique Lacombe)
Focused ultrasound enhanced calreticulin‐nanoparticle for immune primed melanoma immunotherapy The goals of this project is to assess the feasibility of liposome and focused ultrasound induction of Calreticulin expression in tumor for enhanced immunotherapeutic outcomes in canine and murine melanoma. Sponsor: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Ashish Ranjan
Magnetic hyperthermia combined antimicrobial targeting of bone pathogens The goals of this project are to hyperthermia for treatment of hard to treat bone pathogen non‐ invasively. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (OCAST) PI/PD: Ashish Ranjan
Development of non‐invasive cancer immunomodulation in Pets The objective of this project is to utilize novel adjuvant and focused ultrasound for local tumor immune modulation in canine patients. Sponsor: PETCO PI/PD: Ashish Ranjan
Minimally Invasive Animal Sterilization The objective of this project is to utilize novel chemical sterilant for the ablation of reproductive functions. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (OCAST) PI/PD: Ashish Ranjan
Kerr Chair The objective of this grant is to support biomedical research in CVHS. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Center for Veterinary Health Sciences PI/PD: Ashish Ranjan
Role of Nrf2 signaling and cellular senescence in obesity‐induced symapthoexcitation Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, but the mechanisms are unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of obesity‐induced hypertension. The specific aims of the grant tests the hypothesis that obesity causes Nrf2 dysfunction and promotes cellular senescence in the RVLM, which in turn contributes to neuroinflammation and increases in SNA leading to the development of hypertension. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Madhan Subramanian
Neutrophil CXCR2 is a potential target for influenza therapy Phenotypic characterization of neutrophils for their chemokine receptor repertoire during influenza identified high induction of neutrophil CXCR2. Selective CXCR2 antagonist, SCH527123 administration showed high additive effects and improved survival rates when combined with an antiviral agent, oseltamivir. The addition of SCH527123 in the combination therapy regime significantly alleviated lung pathology, inflammation and alveolar capillary damage. CXCR2 stimulation with its ligand IL‐8 alters neutrophils functional responsiveness and trigger NETs induction during influenza. Currently we are testing this combination therapy in a swine‐model (3‐4 weeks piglets) of influenza pneumonia using swine‐influenza virus. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PDs: Teluguakula Narasaraju, Akhilesh Ramachandran, Scott Carter
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PATHOBIOLOGY
Pathogen Survival in Large Scale Carcass Management by Above Ground Burial In the event of an African Swine Fever outbreak in the US, many pigs may die from the disease or require euthanizing for welfare reasons or to contain the outbreak. Therefore, a proven, safe, economical on‐farm disposal method is needed. Above Ground Burial (AGB) have shown that cow and pig carcasses decompose completely within 9‐12 months. This project will evaluate the survival of swine pox virus (as a surrogate for ASF virus) in sow femur bone marrow over a one‐year period. Sponsors: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS); National Pork Board PI/PD: Fernando V. Bauermann, Keith Bailey
Bovine Respiratory Disease: Risk Factors, Pathogens, Diagnosis, and Management The project determines changing patterns, geographical differences, risk factors, and management practices related to bovine respiratory disease. The influence of various bacteria and viruses is studied. In addition, the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of newer therapies and new generation vaccines are evaluated. The host pathogen relationships are characterized at the molecular level. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Anthony W. Confer, Robert W. Fulton, Sahlu Ayalew
Improved Treatment for Zoonotic Monkey B Virus Infections Monkey B virus (BV) is a serious concern for research and veterinary personnel working with or around macaque monkeys due to the extremely high fatality rate of zoonotic infections. Current treatment utilizes drugs developed to treat infections with human herpes simplex virus, but BV is known to be less sensitive to these drugs and these drugs are not effective once BV has invaded the nervous system. This project explores the comparative efficacy of different drugs against BV and the use of topical drug administration as a means of prophylactic treatment to prevent BV from invading the nervous system. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PDs: R. Eberle, L. Maxwell & M. Breshears
Baboon Research Resource Program Baboons are an important animal species used in biomedical research. This program supports a breeding colony of baboons in Oklahoma and research aimed at improving the breeding efficiency of baboons in captivity, defining viruses that naturally infect baboons, and improving the basic well‐being and behavior of captive‐bred baboons. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PDs: R. Eberle, Mason Reichard, Susan Little Physiological Sciences: Dianne McFarlane OUHSC: Gary White
Development of an SPF Baboon Colony Indigenous viruses can have a major adverse effect on the results of biomedical research studies using animals, particularly where immunosuppression is involved. This program supports derivation of a colony of baboons that are free of all known herpesviruses and most retroviruses. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PDs: R. Eberle OUHSC: Gary White
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Disease Virus (BVDV) Vaccines: Antibody Response to Heterologous BVDV Strains The study will determine the range of heterologous immunity in calves receiving modified live virus (MLV) or killed BVDV vaccines. Currently there are two recognized antigenic types and several subgenotypes of BVDV: BVDV1a,2a,1b, and 2b. The study will determine if these vaccines induce antibodies to these four BVDV subtypes. Sponsors: Novartis Animal Health; Pfizer Animal Health; Fort Dodge Animal Health PI/PDs: Robert W. Fulton, Anthony W. Confer
Bovine Coronavirus: Role in Respiratory Disease Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) also referred to as “Shipping Fever” represents significant losses to cattlemen. There are several viruses contributing to the BRD which has a polymicrobial etiology. These include bovine herpesvirus, parainfluenza ‐3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine viral diarrhea viruses along with Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma spp. The bovine coronavirus (BCV) has emerged as another virus which contributes to BRD. Measuring the BCV role in BRD has been hampered by lack of tools for the study of this virus both in vitro and in animal studies. The purpose of this study will be to develop means of propagating the BCV in cell cultures, developing and validating a serologic test for BCV antibodies to demonstrate active infections, developing an immunohistochemistry assay to detect BCV in infected cells and tissues, and a challenge model to demonstrate the disease induced by BCV. An attempt will be made to develop live and inactivated BCV vaccines for cattle. Sponsors: Oklahoma Agriculture Experiment Station, USDA Section 1433 Animal Health Research Funds PI/PDs: Robert W. Fulton, Anthony W. Confer, Richard Eberle Veterinary Clinical Sciences: D.L. Step
Bovine Coronavirus in Respiratory Disease: Methods of Study, Pathogenesis, and Development of Challenge Model for Efficacy Studies Bovine coronavirus (BCV) represents an infectious agent contributing to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle. This study will investigate the role of BCV in clinical cases of BRD by viral isolations from clinically ill cattle, and the use of serology to detect active infections in commingled cattle under feedlot conditions. Serologic tests will include ELISA and viral neutralization tests to detect BCV antibodies. BCV isolated from affected cattle will be characterized as BCV and propagated with viral quantification. A challenge model will be developed to measure infectivity and pathology caused by BCV in susceptible cattle. This challenge model will be used to measure resistance to BCV in cattle immune and susceptible to BCV. Sponsor: Zoetis Animal Health PI/PDs: Robert W. Fulton, Anthony W. Confer, Richard Eberle Veterinary Clinical Sciences: D.L. Step
Bovine Respiratory Diseases: Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) etiology includes infectious agents complicated by stresses such as shipping, climatic changes and diet, and commingling of cattle at auction markets. Infections include bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1), bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3V), bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and bovine\ coronaviruses (BoCV) and bacteria, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. The study will isolate viruses from feedlot cattle and breeding cattle. Isolated viruses will be analyzed by molecular characterization using PCR and sequencing of the genomes. The antigenic differences will be determined by serotests. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Robert W. Fulton, Anthony W. Confer
Bovine Coronavirus Respiratory Challenge in Neonate Calves Bovine coronaviruses (BoCV) are an emerging group of viruses affecting cattle and associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Newly identified BoCV from Oklahoma cattle are unique with genetic and antigenic differences from enteric strains and existing USDA approved vaccines. This study will investigate the disease potential of the new strains in experimentally infected calves. A challenge model will be developed for use in determining efficacy of existing BoCV and/or vaccines from these new strains. Sponsor: Zoetis Animal Health PI/PDs: Robert W. Fulton, Anthony W. Confer
Bovine Respiratory Coronaviruses: Viral Challenge using BVDV Co‐challenge and In Vitro Characterization of Isolates Bovine respiratory coronaviruses (BoCV) are viruses associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). A viral challenge using BoCV is important to be used in determining pathogenicity of BoCV isolated from the respiratory tract of cattle. This study will use a dual challenge with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) prior to challenge with BoCV in young calves. The infected calves will be collected and examined for gross and microscopic lesions caused by BoCV and BVDV. Potentially the BVDV will immunosuppress calves resulting in severe BoCV lesions. Tissues will be also tested for BoCVantigen using immunohistochemistry. This challenge method will be used to measure BoCV pathology to be used for efficacy of BoCV vaccines in calves. Sponsor: Zoetis Animal Health PI/PDs: Robert W. Fulton, Anthony W. Confer
Canine Schistosomiasis: An Emerging Disease in Oklahoma Canine schistosomiasis, caused by Heterobilharzia americana, is a debilitating and often fatal disease of dogs in southern states bordering the Gulf of Mexico. Recent reports indicate that the natural range for this fluke is expanding due to the migration or translocation of infected raccoons, a natural host and reservoir for the parasite. Reports of infections in dogs or wildlife in Oklahoma have not been published. Recently the infection has been diagnosed by local veterinarians in dogs (2) from a Tulsa neighborhood. Collaborative field investigation of the Tulsa neighborhood for infected dogs and for the snail intermediate host in a retention pond frequented by animals in the neighborhood have been ongoing. Eight dogs have been diagnosed and suitable pulmonate snails have been collected from the retention pond. Schistosome cercariae released from snails collected from the retention pond are being tested for H. americana DNA. Examination of raccoons collected from the surrounding area should help verify introduction and establishment of this trematode infection in Northeastern Oklahoma. Sponsor: Center for Veterinary Health Sciences PI/PDs: Todd Yeagley, Eileen Johnson, Mason Reichard, Matt Bolic, Sharon Snowden
Understanding the ability of bovine herpesvirus 1 to establish, maintain, and reactivate from latency in sensory neurons Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) causes more than 50 percent of all morbidities and mortalities in cattle, costing producers over one billion dollars annually. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV‐1) is a significant risk factor for BRDC because productive infection causes numerous clinical symptoms in the upper respiratory tract and transient immune‐ suppression. BHV‐1 establishes life‐long latency in sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia. During latency, the only abundant viral gene expressed is the latency‐related (LR) gene. A LR protein, ORF2, is required for the latency‐reactivation cycle because it inhibits apoptosis and viral transcription. Increased corticosteroid levels, due to stress, can induce BHV‐1 reactivation from latency and virus transmission. The synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induces reactivation from latency and stimulates expression of cellular transcription factors in trigeminal ganglia of calves latently infected with BHV‐1. Proposed project activities are based on the hypothesis that stress induces reactivation from latency by stimulating expression of viral genes and productive infection: conversely stress represses LR gene expression. Studies being performed are focused on: 1) Identifying viral genes expressed during early stages of reactivation from latency; 2) How stress induces productive infection: 3) How ORF2 regulates the latency‐reactivation cycle, and 4) Defining the role that the neuro‐protective Wnt/lll‐catenin signaling pathway. Sponsor: Sitlington Endowed Chair; USDA‐National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Clinton Jones
Timing of Transmission of Tick borne Disease Agents This project examines the transmission dynamics at play as tick borne disease agents move between vertebrate hosts and vector ticks. Sponsor: Bayer Animal Health PI/PD: Susan E. Little
Infection and Exposure Rates for Rickettsial Agents in Dogs Rikettsial agents, including Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia spp., commonly infect dogs in areas of the US where lone star ticks predominate. This project seeks to document the extent to which dogs become infection with rickettsial agents following natural infestations in endemic areas with an ultimate goal of developing strategies to interrupt those infections. Sponsor: Bayer Animal Health PI/PD: Susan E. Little
Development of a live‐attenuated single‐cycle respiratory syncytial virus vaccine expressing prefusion F protein Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lung disease in infants, children, immunosuppressed individuals, and the elderly. Despite a major worldwide impact, a vaccine or cost‐ effective drugs are not available. Previous vaccination attempts have failed to protect children from RSV disease. Creating a vaccine that is both safe and effective has proven immensely challenging. This project aims to develop a live‐ attenuated RSV for the pediatric population that expresses the prefusion‐stabilized form of the viral fusion protein. This virus, when applied as a vaccine, will induce highly protective anti‐RSV antibodies and at the same time be safe due to restriction to a single cycle of replication, thereby balancing efficacy and safety. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Tom Oomens
A novel virus‐like‐particle based RSV vaccine to generate broad and durable protection Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus responsible for >100,000 deaths in children worldwide each year, and significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Past vaccine designs and trials have failed to create an effective vaccine that is safe enough in the target population. The success of the human papilloma virus vaccine has shown that virus‐like‐ particles (VLPs), entities that lack genetic material but yet induce effective anti‐viral immune responses, are attractive vaccine platforms. In this project, we use RSV components to generate RSV‐based VLPs, and test in a mouse model whether these VLPs can induce efficacious, safe, and broadly cross‐protective immune responses. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Tom Oomens
Diversity of Bacterial Isolates from the Nares of Healthy and Sick calves The project will determine the genetic diversity of bacteria isolated from nasal passages of both healthy calves and those suffering from bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The goal is to determine whether a single clone typically dominates or if a variety of strains of a given species can be expected. If most or all isolates represent a single clone, culture of nasal swabs may be used in both diagnostic and research efforts of BRD. If a variety of strains are frequently present, nasal swabs would have limited usefulness, as it is not practical to examine all strains present in each calf. Sponsor: Center for Veterinary Health Sciences PI/PDs: Jared D. Taylor, Anthony W. Confer Veterinary Clinical Sciences: John Gilliam Agronomy: Chris Stansberry
Sequencing the Bovine Herpesvirus type 2 Genome Bovine herpesvirus type 2 (BoHV‐2) is more closely related to human herpes simplex virus (HSV) than to any bovine herpesviruses, and is believed to have originated from HSV through cross‐ species transmission. The complete BoHV‐2 genome will be sequenced and a detailed phylogenetic analysis will then be performed to address the question of the origin of BoHV‐2 and its close relationship to primate herpesviruses rather than to other herpesviruses of bovines and other non‐primate species. Comparative analysis of homologous genes and proteins of the human and bovine herpesviruses will help us better understand the role played by specific genes and proteins in facilitating herpesvirus cross‐species transmission and will probably allow us to gains an insight into the emergence of cross‐species (animal‐to‐ human) viral diseases in general. Sponsor: Center for Veterinary Health Sciences PI/PD: Jean M. d’Offay, Richard Eberle, Clinton Jones
Bovine Herpesvirus‐1: Selection of Genetic Variants for Vaccine Development and Evaluation and Bovine Herpesvirus‐1: Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Field Strains from Various Clinical Forms Bovine herpesvirus‐1 infects cattle causing multiple diseases. Current vaccines include modified live viruses (MLV) which cause infections in vaccinates and may be shed after vaccination. The purpose of these studies will be to utilize recent genetic sequence information and apply PCR and sequencing of the products to identify new BoHV‐1 strains which may be of interest as new vaccine candidates. Also this technology will be used to differentiate existing MLV vaccine strains from various clinical forms of BoHV‐1 diseases. Sponsors: Novartis Animal Health; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences. PI/PDs: Jean M. d’Offay, Richard Eberle, Clinton Jones
Bovine Herpesvirus 1: Molecular Characterization of Vaccine, Reference, and Field Strains Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV‐1) represents significant virus infections in cattle with significant losses due to respiratory, fetal (abortions), and genital tract diseases. Vaccines are available, with the MLV type the most commonly used for control programs. Often BHV‐1 is recovered from clinically ill cattle shortly after vaccination. Tests are needed to differentiate the MLV vaccine strains from field strains. This project will use molecular procedures including viral sequencing and PCR to characterize BHV‐1. The entire genome of 15 BHV‐1 strains including: reference strains, vaccine strains, and selected field isolates will be sequenced. The viral genomes will be evaluated with selected regions used for PCR and sequencing will be performed on the respective regions derived from the PCR product. The entire viral genome results will be compared to the published viral genome for the BHV‐1 Cooper reference strain. Variable regions will be identified for the selection of the PCR primers. Sponsor: Novartis Animal Health PI/PDs: Robert W. Fulton, Jean M. d’Offay, Richard Eberle
Bovine Herpesvirus 1: Molecular Basis for the attenuation of various BHV‐1 vaccine viruses There are numerous attenuated BHV‐1 vaccines available commercially and used currently to prevent or reduce the incidence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in dairy and beef cattle raised on farms and in feedlots. We have sequenced the genomes of all the BHV‐1 vaccine viruses available commercially. These include 9 vaccine viruses which can be divided into 4 distinct genetic groups. This project will compare the genes and proteins encoded by these vaccine viruses to determine the basis for the attenuation of these vaccine viruses. Sponsor: Center for Veterinary Health Sciences PI/PDs: Jean M. d’Offay, Richard Eberle
Comparative Analysis of the Respiratory (BHV‐1.1) and Genital (BHV‐1.2b) Isolates of Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BHV‐1) Bovine herpesvirus subtype 1.1 (BHV‐1.1) is primarily associated with bovine respiratory disease, while the subtype 1.2b (BoHV‐1.2b) is associated primarily with bovine infectious pustular vulvovaginitis. Their genomes are similar in size (~135 Kb), completely orthologous with respect to regional structure and gene location, and have a 97.5% DNA sequence homology. We have identified the most divergent genes and the protein they encode. Interestingly, the most divergent proteins are associated with virus egress from the infected cells. We are in the process of determining is these proteins are responsible for the difference in the pathogenicity of the two virus subtypes. Sponsor: Center for Veterinary Health Sciences PI/PDs: Jean M. d’Offay, Richard Eberle, Clinton Jones
Regulation of latency‐reactivation cycle by ORF2 and Beta‐catenin/Wnt signaling pathway Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1) is an important cofactor of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), the most important disease in cattle. BoHV‐1 persists in non‐dividing sensory neurons of cattle, thus establishes a life‐long latent infection. Stress causes BoHV‐1 to wake up from latency and grow, a process commonly referred to as reactivation from latency. Studies in this grant are designed to understand how BoHV‐1 prevents infected neurons from dying and allows infected neurons to perform normal functions. A cellular signaling pathway, Wnt/beta‐catenin, is tightly regulated during latency and may inhibit neuronal cell death, which is the focus of additional studies. Sponsors: USDA‐National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Clinton Jones
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control of Livestock Diseases This project covers agricultural and biomedical research funded by sources other than USDA that contributes to total research capacity of the OSU Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (CVHS). We are developing strategic alliances with partner institutions and the private sector and growing the supporting infrastructure. Consequently, publications are presented as evidence of progress and productivity. Expenditures for these non‐USDA projects came from Federal, State and private funding sources, including biological and pharmaceutical corporations. (2061) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Jerry Malayer
Analysis of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Stress Induced Reactivation From Latency Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1) is an important cofactor of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), the most important disease in cattle. BoHV‐1 establishes a life‐long latent infection of sensory neurons after the initial infection. Stress disrupts a latent infection (known as reactivation from latency), which is critical for virus transmission and disease transmission. This study is focused on understanding how stress disrupts latency and then leads to virus production. Understanding how stress promotes BoHV‐1 infections will help to design a vaccine that does not reactivate from latency. This vaccine would benefit the cattle industry by reducing the incidence of BRD. Sponsors: USDA‐National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Clinton Jones
Bovine Respiratory Disease: A multicentric approach to understanding pathogenesis and immunity This project is studying bovine respiratory disease from a two‐fold approach. First, we are studying potential intranasal vaccines against Mannheimia haemolytica, which is the major cause of severe Shipping Fever in cattle. Vaccine studies on using recombinant proteins for surface proteins, secreted enzymes, and leukotoxin. Second, we are studying mutant bovine herpesvirus to determine the mechanism of viral reactivation that is seen in outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease that occur late in the feeding period. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Anthony W. Confer
VETERINARY CLINCAL SCIENCES
Transcutaneous Irradiance Application and its Bio‐Stimulatory Effect on the Canine Spinal Canal Photo‐bio‐modulation (PBM), photon light therapy, has shown to promote nerve cell regeneration and functional recovery in the spinal cord in rodent models. In contrast, the transcutaneous use of PBM to treat spinal cord diseases of companion animals of varying sizes and body conditions is challenging due to the significant attenuation of light energy which occurs it travels through the layers of tissue and bone to reach the level of the spinal cord. Our research will investigate light penetration to the spinal canal via surface application of clinically acceptable irradiance for both the skull cap and the spinal canal. Sponsors: Litecure LLC, Newark, Delaware, Henthorne Foundation PI/PDs: Lara Sypniewski Electrical and Computer Engineering: Daqing Piao
Intra‐Spinal Multi‐Site Dosimetry for Assessing the Feasibility of Transcutaneous Photo‐bio‐ modulation of the Canine Spinal Cord and Brain Spinal cord diseases are common in veterinary medicine, and are often treated with rehabilitative modalities, such as photo‐bio‐modulation (PBM). Our collaborative team is developing a protocol of transcutaneous PBM for treating conditions which result in damage to the spinal cord and brain in companion animals. In order to accomplish this objective, our team will devise a sensor, as well as, equipment technologies that will culminate in our ability to measure the treatment dose reaching the spinal canal and brain of canines following the application of a clinically relevant surface dose. Sponsors: Litecure LLC, Newark, Delaware, Henthorne Foundation PI/PDs: Lara Sypniewski Electrical and Computer Engineering: Daqing Piao
Local Treatment of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury via Direct Epidural Photo‐neuro‐modulation Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological lesion which negatively affects the function, wellness, and overall quality of life for both animals and people. Management for SCI involves a combination of medical and surgical interventions followed by intense rehabilitation to optimize functional outcomes. As there has been little clinical progress in regenerative and restorative therapies for both acute and chronic SCI, our collaborative team will evaluate the impact of epidurally applied photo‐neuro‐modulation (PNM) as a safe and convenient therapy technology. PNM has the opportunity to non‐invasively reduce inflammation and pain, as well as, stimulate axonal re‐growth, improving treatment outcomes. Sponsors: Henthorne Foundation PI/PDs: Lara Sypniewski Electrical and Computer Engineering: Daqing Piao
Investigation of the Impact of Pete’s Pet Posse Therapy Dogs on the OSU College Campus Pet therapy programs on college campuses are an emergent phenomena and Pete’s Pet Posse (P3) is regarded as the flagship of university pet therapy programs. P3 provides thousands of pet therapy events and “touches”. Our collaborative team is working to evaluation the impact P3 has on the OSU campus family. This research is exploratory and will evaluate impact and outcomes at various levels of the pet therapy program from job satisfaction to student recruitment. As this program grows, so does the opportunity to evaluate its influence on students, staff and faculty. This research will allow for a better understanding of benefits associated with pet therapy programs on college campuses. Sponsors: Henthorne Foundation PI/PDs: Lara Sypniewski College of Education, Health and Aviation: Penny Cantley
Identification of a Correlation between Success of Medical Management for Cervical Intervertebral Disc Disease with Percentage of Compressive Myelopathy and Resorption of Herniated Disc Material Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging A prospective clinical study that determines whether or not medical management of cervical intervertebral disc disease is likely to be successful based on percentage of spinal cord compression identified by magnetic resonance imaging. The study will also determine if there is a correlation between resolution of disc material and those patients that recover versus the lack of resolution of disc material in those patients who do not respond to medical management. Sponsor: Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Cohn Family Chair PI/PDs: Daniele Dugat Veterinary Clinical Sciences: Corey Wall Arts & Sciences : Mark Payton
Investigation of focused ultrasound mediated enhancement of chronic non‐healing wound therapy in client‐owned dogs Localized focused ultrasound of chronic non‐healing wounds will enhance antimicrobial efficacy, and targeted killing of poorly accessible hard‐to‐treat bacteria. Chronic non‐healing wounds are a serious concern in children and in patients with Diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. This project could use client‐owned dogs to serve as a pathway for future use in human therapies. Sponsor: Focused Ultrasound Foundation – Research Awards Program PI/PDs: Ranjan A (PI), Dugat D, Wood B, Malayer J, Piao D
Diagnostic evaluation of splenic masses utilizing cytology versus ultrasound guided needle biopsy versus excisional biopsy Determine whether cytology and/or biopsy are reliable diagnostic techniques in dogs with splenic masses utilizing excisional biopsy histopathology as gold standard method for accurate diagnosis. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques using excisional biopsy and histopathology as the gold standard. Sponsor: Cohn Family Chair for Small Animals, Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Nafe L (PI), Dugat D, Hallman M, Ritchey J, Fielder S
Naturally occurring equine obesity and arthritis Arthritis is a common condition in humans and can be caused by many different things including injury and disease. It is believed that obesity can cause arthritis in humans by both increased stress on joints as well as through changes in hormones and inflammatory mediators that circulate throughout the body. Similar to humans, horses also suffer from arthritis and obesity, but it is not known whether arthritis can be caused by obesity as is believed to be the case in humans. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a link between obesity and arthritis in horses. A better understanding of what causes arthritis in horses will lead to improved treatment and prevention in horses as well as humans. Sponsors: Office of the Vice President for Research, Oklahoma State University, Mentor/Mentee Award Program PIs: Megan Williams, Mike Davis
Efficacy of nanofiber coating method for improving osteointegration of total knee replacement surgeries More than one million joint replacement procedures are performed in people each year in the United States. Patient longevity often exceeds the durability of the artificial implant, and not uncommonly, the breakdown involves loosening of the implant within the recipient bone. This has led to the development of numerous strategies for facilitating bony ingrowth into the implant, or “osteointegration.” The goal of this pre‐clinical study is to validate the utility of laser‐induced microgrooves for coating total knee implants with an osteointegrative nanofiber material. Sponsor: NIH, Oklahoma IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence PI/PDs: Erik Clary University of Central Oklahoma: Morshed Khandaker University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center: Mary Beth Humphrey
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of cannabidiol in lame horses Currently, treatment options to manage chronic pain in horses are limited. Routine use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be associated with toxic side effects such as gastrointestinal ulceration and kidney damage. Recent studies suggest that even the newer less toxic selective NSAIDs (Firocoxib) can cause gastric ulceration at labeled doses in horses. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non‐psychogenic compound extracted from the hemp plant which has recently been demonstrated to alleviate pain in both humans and dogs. The goal of this study is to determine the appropriate oral dose of a CBD supplement in horses and evaluate the ability of CBD to alleviate pain in chronically lame horses. The relative analgesic properties of cannabidiol will be compared to a standard NSAID treatment (phenylbutazone 4.4mg/kg IV q 12 hours) and placebo treatment in a randomized cross over design. Sponsors: Kahm CBD, Las Vegas, NV PI: Megan Williams, Todd Holbrook Veterinary Clinical Sciences: Cara Croft, Michelle Ientile, Evan Crisman
Epidemiology of ferret uroliths in North America and Europe Urolithiasis is a common disorder in ferrets, of unknown etiology. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate current mineral type of naturally occurring uroliths in ferrets and to determine whether age, breed, sex, reproductive status, and geographic location are risk factors associated with cystine urolith formation in ferrets. Records of 1055 ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with uroliths submitted for analyses between 2010‐2018 from 4 laboratories will be indexed. Specific descriptive information about each ferret will be obtained from each laboratory involved to determine whether specific risk factors are associated with the development of cystine urolithiasis. Sponsors: None PI/PDs: Nicola Di Girolamo, Eryn Hanak
Investigation on the genetic basis of cystine urolithiasis in pet ferrets Cystine urolithiasis has risen from 15% to 93% prevalence in North American ferrets in just 10 years. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of a genetic cause of cystine urolithiasias in ferrets, a disorder that has been proven to be of genetic origin in humans, dogs and cats. The second objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of these mutations in private‐bred and Marshall ferrets. Our specific hypotheses are that similarly to humans and dogs, cystinuria in ferret is caused by mutations in 1 of 2 genes, SLC3A1 and SLC7A9. The other hypothesis is that gene variant(s) associated with cystinuria are prevalent in Marshall ferrets more commonly than in private‐bred ferrets. A cross‐sectional genetic investigation of privately‐owned pet ferrets will be performed. By use of buccal swabs, genomic DNA will be obtained from 45 ferrets. Buccal swabs are small enough to be gently inserted in oral cavity of ferrets and based on product information, DNA is stable for approximately 7 days. Buccal swabs will be shipped to the laboratory responsible of genetic analysis. Sponsors: Association of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians PI/PDs: Nicola Di Girolamo, Joao Brandao Genetics/animal sciences: Udaya DeSilva
Indications, Outcomes and Complications of Prefemoral Reproductive Surgery in Client‐ Owned Chelonians Since the development of prefemoral celiotomy in chelonians, this technique has been widely taught and used in clinical practice and research. Currently, there is no studies assessing the outcomes of surgery in client‐owned reptiles, presented for treatment. The purpose of the present case series is to describe outcomes and complications of the use of a modified surgical approach to coeliotomy in chelonians. This case series will include all client‐owned female chelonians that underwent reproductive tract surgery performed by a board‐certified reptile specialist. Reproductive tract surgery is defined as surgery involving oviducts, ovaries or both. All female chelonians that underwent any type of reproductive tract surgery in the study period and for which surgery was performed will be included. The present study will uncover the variety of reproductive surgeries that may need to be performed during clinical activity. Sponsors: None PI/PDs: Nicola Di Girolamo
Agreement of hematocrit with electrical conductivity and manual PCV in reptile patients Currently hematocrit is often measured with electrical conductivity technology in clinical patients. It is unknown if this technology is reliable and agrees with manual packed cell volume (PCV) measurement. The purpose of this study is to assess the agreement between hematocrit of point‐of‐care (POC) analysers and manual measurements of PCV in venous samples from reptiles. A prospective diagnostic accuracy study was planned. All the reptiles that underwent blood work for clinical reason in the period from May 2017 to July 2018 had simultaneous measurement of HCT with i‐STAT (Cartridge CG8+, Abaxis), employing electrical conductivity, of PCV with centrifugation and of total solids (TS) with refractometry. Standard method comparison statistical analysis and bias modeling will be performed to evaluate agreement. Sponsors: None PI/PDs: Nicola Di Girolamo
20‐year trend in references used for exotic animal drug dosages in an exotic animal formulary Formularies are the most frequently used literature resources in clinical practice. Our aim was to evaluate the type of references that support dosages in a popular exotic animal formulary and its trend over more than 20 years. Data related to the avian taxa, reptile taxa and mammal taxa were extracted from 5 editions of a drug formulary. For this subset of the project, only references cited in tables related to “treatments” were included. Each reference was individually categorized. Multivariate logistic regression will be used to determine associations between editions and proportion of primary sources, accounting for confounders. This study will highlight whether there is an improvement in the sources used in our field and whether clinicians should carefully scrutinize drug dosages. Sponsors: Startup funds PI/PDs: Nicola Di Girolamo, Joao Brandao
20‐year trend in references used for exotic animal reference intervals in an exotic animal formulary Formularies are often used in clinical practice to check reference intervals for blood work or other variables. Our aim was to evaluate the type of references that support reference intervals in a popular exotic animal formulary and its trend over more than 20 years. Data related to the avian taxa, reptile taxa and mammal taxa were extracted from 5 editions of the formulary. For this subset of the project, only references cited in tables related to “reference intervals” were included. Each reference was individually categorized. Multivariate logistic regression will be used to determine associations between editions and proportion of primary sources, accounting for confounders. This study will highlight whether there is an improvement in the sources used in our field and whether clinicians should carefully scrutinize reference interval values provided in this popular formulary. Sponsors: Startup funds PI/PDs: Nicola Di Girolamo, Joao Brandao
Survey on sources for dosages of drugs prescribed to exotic animals Currently is unclear how drug dosages are selected by veterinarians dealing with exotic animals. In order to better understand this concept, we will perform an anonymous web survey directed to exotic and small animal veterinarians. The study will respond to the following questions: What sources (books/formularies/journal articles) veterinarians use to decide a drug dosage? Do veterinarians perform any type of reference check when deciding a drug dosage? Multivariate logistic regression techniques will be employed to establish associations between individual veterinarian characteristics (eg board‐specialization, country of origin, years spent practising) and use of sources. Sponsors: None PI/PDs: Nicola Di Girolamo
Effects of prokinetic and orexigenic drugs on selected gastrointestinal physiological parameters in rabbits Decrease gastrointestinal function is a common presentation in pet rabbits. Commonly, veterinarians treat these conditions with the administration of medications that increase the gastrointestinal function, such as prokinetics and orexigenic. Although commonly used, limited number of studies have determined the effect of these medications in live animals. Furthermore, there is no study that compared the effect between multiple drugs. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of oral metoclopramide, cisapride, pyridostigmine, and capromorelin on selected gastrointestinal physiological parameters (food and water intake, and urine and fecal production). Sponsors: Association of Exotic Animal Veterinarians PI/PDs: João Brandão, Nicola Di Girolamo
Effects of injectable analgesics on selected gastrointestinal physiological parameters in rabbits Analgesics, particularly opioids, have long been suggested to cause decrease gastrointestinal motility and constipation in rabbits. Due to this concern, it is possible that veterinarians elect not to provide optimal pain management due to concerns associated with side effects of these drugs. Although some studies have looked at the side effects of individual drugs, particularly buprenorphine, there is a lack of comparative studies between multiple drugs. This study determined the effect of injectable opioids (buprenorphine, hydromorphone, methadone) and a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (meloxicam) on food and water consumption as well as fecal and urine production in New Zealand white rabbits. Sponsors: Association of Exotic Animal Veterinarians PI/PDs: João Brandão, Nicola Di Girolamo
Effects of resting temperature and sodium citrate on dynamic viscolastic coagulometry in New Zealand white rabbits Clotting disorders are a common condition, however, the diagnosis can be difficult due to either variability among the species or due to limited knowledge on the diagnostic tests itself. Viscoelastic coagulation tests, such as dynamic viscoelastic coagulometry (DVC, Sonoclot®), have shown promise in revealing a more accurate representation of coagulation status by including cellular components absent in plasma‐based tests. Overall, it is standard practice with DVC to allow citrated samples to rest for thirty‐minutes at room temperature before analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resting temperature and addition of sodium citrate in DVC analysis using rabbit blood. Sponsors: Joan Kirkpatrick Small Animal Chair PI/PDs: João Brandão, Andrew Hanzlicek
Effects of resting temperature on rotational thromboelastography in New Zealand white rabbits Clotting disorders are a common condition but clinical information regarding newer methodologies in rabbits are limited. Viscoelastic coagulation tests, such as rotational thromboelastography (ROTEM®), are limited. In order to determine optimal methodology, it is important to determine the effect of pre analytical variables. Contrary to the Sonoclot, it is standard practice with ROTEM to allow citrated samples to rest for thirty‐minutes at 37C before analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resting temperature in ROTEM analysis using rabbit blood. Sponsors: Joan Kirkpatrick Small Animal Chair PI/PDs: João Brandão, Andrew Hanzlicek, Nicola Di Girolamo
Effect of intranasal midazolam on corticosterone levels in zebra finches Zebra finches are commonly used as avian models for stress studies, and are also kept as pets. In clinical practice, it is common to administer midazolam intranasally in order to minimize stress. Although sedation occurs, it is unclear if minimizes stress. Zebra finches are therefore excellent models to determine if midazolam minimizes the elevation of corticosterone (gold standard stress marker for birds). A total of 20 finches were randomly assigned to one of the 2 treatment groups, intranasal midazolam or intranasal placebo. Blood was collected prior to treatment administration and at 20 min after drug administration. Sponsors: Start‐up funds PI/PDs: João Brandão, Jennifer Grindstaff
Coagulation assessment of captive Asian elephants The leading cause of mortality among juvenile Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) under human care is elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV). As the disease progresses, widespread vascular damage, hemorrhage, and potentially death occurs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of analytical variables (effect of time, activator, repeated pipetting, addition of sodium citrate, and 120 mile transport) when using three viscoelastic point‐of‐care units to assess Asian elephant blood coagulation. Blood from six healthy (EEHV PCR negative at the time of the study) adult Asian elephants was collected from the ear vein using vacutainers and evaluated at 0.5‐, 1‐, 2‐, 4‐, and 24‐hr post collection using thromboelastography, rotational thromboelastometry, and dynamic viscoelastic coagulometry. Sponsors: Kirkpatrick Foundation, OSU CVM Research Advisory Committee, and Joan Kirkpatrick Small Animal Chair PI/PDs: João Brandão, Andrew Hanzlicek
Determination of cardiovascular and coagulation markers using handheld devices in Thai Asian elephants Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is the main cause of death of juvenile Asian elephants in captivity. This condition commonly leads to widespread vascular damage, hemorrhage, and potentially death. Diagnostic methodologies rely on detection of virus in circulation however, other bedside tests or prognostic indicators are limited. The use of handheld units can be useful to improve the care of elephants under human care. The purpose of this study was to determine reference intervals for several cardiovascular (troponin) and coagulation (ACT, PT, aPTT) markers using handheld devices in 66 Asian elephants in Thailand. The samples were analyzed on site at the time of blood collection. Gold standard analysis were performed by a commercial laboratory. Sponsors: Start‐up funds PI/PDs: João Brandão, Peter DiGeronimo
OKLAHOMA ANIMAL DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY
OADDL Testing Support for CVM Vet‐LIRN‐2 The aim of this project is for the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (OADDL) to screen select bacteria isolated from clinical specimens for antibiotic (multidrug) resistance and investigate adverse events impacting the nation’s food or animal feed supply, in cooperation with the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDAs) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet‐LIRN). Sponsor: FDA Vet‐LIRN PI/PD: Akhilesh Ramachandran Whole Genome Sequencing for Multi‐Drug Resistant Veterinary and Zoonotic Bacteria This is a collaborative study between the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (OADDL), Oklahoma State High Performance Computing Center Bioinformatics, and the South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory aimed at determining and analyzing the genomic sequences of several bacterial species exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics. Sponsor: Center for Veterinary Health Sciences PI/PD: Akhilesh Ramachandran OSU Center for Health Sciences – FY2019 Research Abstracts ATHLETIC TRAINING
Molecular Responses to Instrument‐Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (ISTM) in Damaged Human Muscle Tissue Instrument‐Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (ISTM) is a common treatment method used to treat chronic musculoskeletal pathology and myofascial injury, improving movement, pain and function, however unlike other myofascial interventions, little is known about the effects on muscle healing. ISTM has increased recruitment and activation of fibroblasts and collagen repair in rats in cases of enzyme‐induced tendinitis, but these adaptations are still being studied and have not been confirmed in human trials. We hope to demonstrate that ISTM therapy will create changes in cytokine and chemokine levels in damaged human muscle, and will show evidence of increased biomarkers of muscle healing. Sponsor: Intramural funding; Mid America Athletic Trainers’ Association PIs: Aric Warren, Matthew O’Brien, Ken Miller, Susan Steele, Radhika Pande, Bruce Benjamin
Manual therapy improves blood flow and muscle fiber orientation of the forearm extensors Using diagnostic ultrasound, we examined how Positional Release Therapy (PRT), Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (ISTM), and ultrasound (US) affects blood flow and tissue fiber alignment at the lateral elbow. Blood flow improved following PRT compared to ISTM and US (p=.042; ES=.72). Seventy‐five percent of elbows in the PRT intervention showed improvement in blood flow, 54% in the ISTM group, 45% in US. Tissue fiber orientation was significantly better following ISTM compared to PRT (p=.042; ES=.66). All elbows (100%) receiving ISTM showed improved tissue orientation, 77% in the PRT group. Follow‐up studies underway evaluating tissue change after Dry Needling. Sponsor: none PI: Aric Warren
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Pain and Pain Relief during Inflammation and Neural Injury Pain is a debilitating complication that is difficult to treat for long periods of time. We evaluate glutamate metabolism in spinal systems during inflammatory and injury conditions. Although a major neurotransmitter, regulation of glutamate production is poorly understood in the peripheral nervous system. Our research is in three areas: 1. Primary sensory neurons under inflammatory and neuropathic conditions. 2. Neural processing of inflammatory pain information from viscera and somatic structures. 3. Response of neurons to spinal injury. We have determined that peripheral inhibition of glutamate production provides long‐lasting pain relief in animals with chronic inflammation (US patents 7,288,246; 7,504,231). Sponsor: NIH, OCAST, and OSU Funding PI/PD: Kenneth E. Miller, Subhas Das
A Multiscale Approach for Understanding the Evolutionary‐Developmental Emergence of Avian Neural Complexity It can be difficult to define, analyze, and interpret the brain’s internal workings, which stem from its multi‐faceted organization across integrated hierarchical levels. Birds harbor cognitive capacities that are comparable to—or even exceed—those of mammals. Yet, birds lack the layered arrangement of neurons that is a hallmark of sophisticated mammal brains. To understand how this is possible in a reptilian brain, this study aims to document and examine avian neuroanatomy, using multi‐scale approaches that extend from the level of individual cells and neural circuits to 3D gross brain morphology and the bony skull that houses and protects it. Sponsor: National Science Foundation (In review) PI/PD: Paul M. Gignac Suffolk University: Eugenia Gold (lead PI) New York Institute of Technology: Aki Watanabe (PI) New York Institute of Technology: Randy Stout (co‐PI)
Unraveling the Deep History of Avian Neurological Complexity: Implications for the Origins of Flight and Organization of the Modern Avian Brain The relationship between neuroanatomical, cognitive and behavioral evolution remains poorly understood, especially in deep time and across major evolutionary transitions. This study addresses this fundamental relationship through a cross‐disciplinary investigation of the evolutionary link between the highly inflated brains of living birds and the structural changes marking the transition from land‐dwelling dinosaurs to flying birds. Using innovated technologies, like Positron Emission Tomography scanning, and shape analysis, our goal is to reveal the complexities of avian neuroanatomical evolution and establish a complementary model of amniote brain expansion comparable to that available for mammals. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Paul M. Gignac Stony Brook University: Amy Balanoff (lead PI) New York Institute of Technology: Gabe Bever (co‐PI) American Museum of Natural History: Mark Norell (PI)
MRI: Acquisition of a micro‐computed tomography system for advanced imaging and inter‐ disciplinary multi‐user access for the University of Arkansas and the US Interior Highlands Among the top technologies for capturing the microstructural organization of natural and synthetic materials accurately are modern X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (μCT) scanners. This project funds the establishment of a micro‐CT facility, which will be housed at the University of Arkansas and managed by the Center for Advanced Spatial Technology (CAST), will be used by primary investigators across the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (UAF) campus as well as the US Interior Highlands. A regional facility will enable local researchers to conduct high‐ impact and potentially transformative research as well as to undertake innovate outreach activities centered around high‐resolution 3D imaging. Sponsor: National Science Foundation Co‐PIs/PDs: Paul M. Gignac, Haley D. O’Brien University of Arkansas, Fayetteville: Claire Terhune (lead PI), George Sabo III (co‐PI) Wenchao Zhou (co‐PI)
Rules of Life: Patterns of Diversity and the Origin of Morphological Novelty in Crocodile‐line Archosaurs Elucidating the nature of evolutionary principles that govern diversification requires detailed analyses of groups with long evolutionary histories, broad ecological sophistication, and living descendants for which behavior, ecology, and anatomy are known. Crocodilians and their precursors are one such exceptional line of reptiles, spanning 230 million years and multiple mass extinction events, evolving four orders of magnitude in size, and gaining ecological and phenotypic diversity paralleling those of mammals. Using micro‐CT scanning and 3D imaging, this project will examine coordinated and individual shifts in neurological, forelimb/hindlimb, and vertebral anatomy directed at identifying the “rules” of evolutionary change underlying their widescale success. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PIs/PDs: Paul M. Gignac (PI) Stony Brook University: Alan Turner (lead PI) Stony Brook University: Eric Wilberg (co‐PI) Stony Brook University: Jeroen Smaers (co‐PI) Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences: David Kay (research assistant)
Using osteohistology to explore the life histories of gray wolves and dire wolves By visually recording and understanding the growth and physiology of living vertebrates, life history characteristics can be correlated to observations of microscopic structures in bone tissue. The bone tissue of modern gray wolves will be compared to life history data to understand how growth and maturity status is recorded in their skeletons. These trends will then be compared to bone microstructure of the larger and now extinct dire wolf to assess growth and development. Such a comparative study could provide a better understanding of why the dire wolf became extinct and why gray wolves remain successful today. Sponsor: 2018 Paleontological Society Arthur Jame Boucot Research Grant PIs: Holly Woodward Ballard Denver Museum of Nature and Science: Sue War
Osteohistology tests the maturity status of two Tyrannosaurus rex specimens Fossils of two medium‐sized carnivorous dinosaurs were excavated from the badlands of Montana. They resemble smaller versions of the fearsome Tyrannosaurus rex, but because of their smaller sizes, for many years some researchers have argued that the fossils represent a different species. To test this hypothesis, the bone microstructure of these fossils will be examined to determine whether these individuals are fully grown, or are instead juvenile T. rex. In so doing, this study demonstrates the utility of bone tissue analyses for understanding not only extinct life, but the potential for use in interpreting the life histories of elusive species living today. Sponsors: Myhrvold Family Charitable Fund, Intramural PI/PD: Holly Woodward Ballard
Continued Maiasaura fossil excavations enhance large sample histoanalyses The Woodward Ballard lab recently established Maiasaura as the most well‐understood dinosaur to date by revealing aspects of age, growth rate, sexual maturity, and senescence gleaned from fossil bone histology. Incorporation of additional skeletal elements will permit further Maiasaura life history discoveries. Attainment of additional specimens requires excavation of Maiasaura fossil material from the badlands of Montana during summer field seasons. To promote exposure to STEM, volunteer crewmembers will participate in hands‐on field experiences to learn about biology, geology, anatomy, ecology, and evolution through the lens of paleontology. Sponsor: Intramural, OVPR Pilot/Seed Grants to Attract External Funding PI/PD: Holly Woodward Ballard
Osteohistology reveals the life history of Tyrannosaurus rex and its relatives The first longitudinal examination of Tyrannosaurus rex long bone histology will examine a growth series to obtain individual growth curves in order to assess variability in growth and maturity in this genus. Tyrannosaurus rex is the largest of the tyrannosaurs, and this study will also histologically examine longitudinal growth series of smaller tyrannosaur genera to test previous hypotheses regarding general growth “strategies” employed by this group of dinosaurs. Sponsor: Myhrvold Family Charitable Fund, Intramural PD/PI: Holly Woodward Ballard
Intraskeletal histological analysis of the North Island Kiwi bird Osteohistology confirms that most dinosaurs took more than a single year to reach adult size. Unfortunately, most modern birds‐ the descendants of dinosaurs‐ achieve adult size in less than a year, so no growth rings form within the bone. Kiwi birds take many years to achieve adult size, and therefore afford a unique opportunity for understanding how multiple years of growth are recorded across skeletal elements in a flightless avian dinosaur. The skeleton of a North Island kiwi bird will afford the best archosaurian extant analogue for interpreting multi‐year intraskeletal growth patterns in extinct dinosaurs. Sponsor: Intramural PI/PD: Holly Woodward Ballard
Combining stable bone oxygen and carbon isotope analysis with bone microstructure to infer ontogenetic behaviors and diet The dynamic nature of bone reveals itself in osteohistological examination, demonstrating that aspects of key life events are recorded in features associated with primary bone tissue deposition. Bone also stores a history of chemical composition in the form of stable isotopes, which preserve climatic and dietary data. Bone histology will be used to guide isotopic sampling of Maiasaura dinosaur tibiae, to obtain samples of bone powder from each year of growth. Analyses of the samples collected for each year of growth may reveal that Maiasaura was migratory or endemic, and whether its dietary preference changed seasonally or ontogenetically. Sponsor: OVPR Pilot/Seed Grants to Attract External Funding PIs: Holly Woodward Ballard, Lindsey Yann
Collaborative Research: Paleoclimatic and Paleoenvironmental Characterization of Early Pleistocene Eurasian Sites: Implications for Dispersals of Early Homo Understanding the environmental and climatic context of the southern Levant and Caucasus 1.8 million years ago is critical for interpreting the dispersal potential of early Homo from Africa. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions from two localities within this region and timeframe will be made using absolute dating of fossil strata, geochemically and histologically examining fossil tooth enamel, and stable isotopes of freshwater lake gastropods. These data will help to refine paleoenvironmental interpretations and generate a high‐resolution intra‐annual paleoclimatic reconstruction of this region. The results will allow evaluation of the selective pressures on early Homo during dispersals from Africa into southwest Asia. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI: Miriam Baker, Co‐PIs: Amy Pendergast, Bethany Theiling, Holly Woodward Ballard, and Haley O’Brien
Longevity and growth dynamics of Triceratops as revealed by femoral histology The dinosaur Triceratops underwent dramatic cranial changes through life, including reorientation of the brow horns. This project will sample the bone tissue microstructure of six Triceratops femora associated with cranial material to correlate skull morphologies with absolute individual ages. Preliminary results reveal that the utility of cranial morphological features for determining relative maturity in Triceratops, and demonstrates that body size does not always correlate with absolute age. The oldest adult Triceratops in the sample lived about 11 years, but determining the extent of its lifespan beyond this point may be complicated by dense bone remodeling. Sponsor: Museum of the Rockies PIs: John Scannella, Holly Woodward Ballard
Advancing American Indians in medical and S.T.E.M. careers Twenty‐six tribes in nine public school districts located in Osage County, Oklahoma have observed improved performance in math, science, reading, and ACT scores for their youth. This is the result of increased instruction time in S.T.E.M.; observed American Indian role models in
S.T.E.M. jobs; and greater awareness in S.T.E.M. careers. Teachers also increased their content knowledge in S.T.E.M. subjects, observed Native STEM professionals in their classrooms; and incorporated cultural aspects to their S.T.E.M. curriculum. The most significant, positive responses suggest students from grades 6‐12 are more likely to pursue a S.T.E.M. based career after engaging in a curriculum grounded in culture. Sponsor: USDE: S299A150023 (US Department of Education‐Demonstration Grants‐Native Youth Community Project) Co‐PI/PD: Kent Smith Osage County Interlocal Cooperative: Jacque Canady (PI)
Vertebrate Fossils and Natural History of the Western and Panhandle Counties of Oklahoma In Oklahoma, few fossil sites of Neogene‐age (11.5 ma‐Present) are known. Fossil remains from this time interval are an important untapped resource that provide insights into biotic and abiotic features of the southern Great Plains. This is especially true for microvertebrates (e.g., rodents) which have been previously overlooked by researchers focused on dinosaurs and widespread Permian‐aged vertebrate fossils. Microvertebrates are more informative with regard to variation of paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and vertebrate biogeography through time. To date, we have discovered microvertebrates at several late Neogene deposits in the western and panhandle counties of Oklahoma. Sponsor: Tribal PI/PD: Kent Smith Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History: Nicholas Czaplewski (Co‐PI)
Building a Pipeline for College of Osteopathic Medicine Access and Success for American Indians. Oklahoma ranks nearly 50th in the nation for the number of primary care physicians practicing per 100,000 residents and its rural and underserved communities are especially struggling with a paucity of physicians. Thus, addressing the physician shortage in rural and underserved areas of Oklahoma is a monumental objective for its medical schools. The College of Osteopathic Medicine (COM) is taking a novel approach in addressing the physician shortage by recruiting American Indian COM students from rural and underserved areas in the state and in partnering with tribal nations with sustainable training sites located in rural and underserved areas. Sponsor: Presidents Office and AIMS PI/PD: Kent Smith OSU‐COM: Kayse Shrum and William Pettit (Co‐PI)
Native Explorers: How Vertebrate Paleontology and Culture are Increasing the Number of American Indians Pursuing STEM Careers The diverse experiences and cultural viewpoints URM bring to STEM represent a largely untapped resource to develop creative solutions to critical problems in the natural world. The recruitment and retention of URMs in the sciences continues to plague the nation’s academic community and STEM workforce. A significant barrier to developing a diverse STEM workforce is the relative scarcity of professionals of color who are available to serve as mentors. Native
Explorers (NE) is a unique program at OSU helping to address the lack of AIs in the STEM workforce through partnerships with tribal nations, federal agencies, museums, and universities. Sponsor: Tribal to KSS PI/PD: Kent Smith Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History: Nicholas Czaplewski and OSU‐CHS: Ian Browne (Co‐PI/PD)
Increasing American Indians Pursuing STEM Careers Through Paleontology and Culture Native Explorers (NE), is addressing the lack of AIs in this workforce through its partnerships with tribal nations and others. The program provides opportunities in basic STEM research while connecting students of different ethnicities, sovereign nations, and rural‐urban backgrounds across the US with one another and with the natural world. The program helps them envision their place in nature while absorbing concepts such as geologic time, evolution, extinction, human resilience, and environmental sustainability alongside their attendant social challenges. It validates their own cultures, histories, and traditional knowledge in society, and find ways to direct their passion to revitalize it and themselves to the benefit of all. Sponsor: Tribal to KSS and NAPC to IDB PI/PD: Kent Smith Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History: Nicholas Czaplewski and OSU‐CHS: Ian D. Browne (Co‐PI/PD)
STEM and Museums Collaborating to Create Chart Topping Environments! Learn how STEM can play an important role in museum environments. From research to exhibits, opportunities to include STEM in a museum are endless. Discover ways in which partnerships can form between colleagues of these two fields to create an exciting museum environment in both Tribal and non‐Tribal facilities. Hear of Native Explorers, a program that is addressing the lack of American Indians in this STEM field and ways in which this program can be beneficial to team members and visitors of your museum. Sponsor: Tribal Co‐PI/PD: Kent Smith Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History: Nicholas Czaplewski (Co‐PI/PD) Chickasaw Nation Cultural Center: Valorie Walters (Co‐PI/PD)
United We Heal: Advancing Interprofessional Health Care Careers within Careers. The challenge of recruiting and retaining minority members, such as American Indians (AI) in health careers continues to confront the nation’s academic community and society. One of the greatest barriers in developing a diverse healthcare workforce is the paucity of healthcare workers who are people of color. A unique program at Oklahoma State University, Native Explorers (NE), is addressing the lack of AIs in this workforce through its partnerships with tribal nations, federal agencies, clinics, and universities. The program provides opportunities in basic research while connecting students of different ethnicities, sovereign nations, and rural‐ urban backgrounds across the US with one another and coalescing western medicine with natural healing. Sponsor: Society of American Indian Dentists PI: Kent Smith
Advancing Therapeutic Options.for Treating Mood and Anxiety Disorders Using a Novel Anti‐ Inflammatory Agent Inflammation in the brain (neuroinflammation) plays an important role in mood and anxiety disorders. However, relatively few available medications specifically target neuroinflammation. This project involves subjecting mice to extreme social stress or “bullying” using a model in which experimental mice are exposed to larger and aggressive strain of mouse for 2h/day for 6 consecutive days. We then test the hypothesis that the drug β‐funaltrexamine (β‐FNA) can reduce or prevent stress‐induced neuroinflammation and anxiety. This project will significantly advance our understanding of the novel anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of this drug, particularly, in terms of brain disorders associated with social stress. Sponsor: OCAST Funding PI/PD: Randall L. Davis, PhD (Co‐Is: J. Thomas Curtis, PhD; Craig W. Stevens, PhD)
Lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits: toward identifying novel pharmacologic approaches for treating anxiety and mood disorders Our overall objective is to advance the translational implications of β‐funaltrexamine (β‐FNA) as a neuroprotective agent. This pilot project is designed to 1) demonstrate that we are prepared to investigate the effects of route of β‐FNA administration in our mouse model of LPS‐induced neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits; 2) provide in vivo evidence that supports our in vitro findings that the anti‐inflammatory effects of β‐FNA are independent of actions at mu opioid receptors; and 3) demonstrate that we are prepared to test the effects of β‐FNA on learning and memory by establishing a conditioned taste aversion test in LPS‐treated mice. Sponsor: OSU‐CHS OVPR Pilot Funding PI/PD: Randall L. Davis, PhD (Co‐I: J. Thomas Curtis, PhD)
Neuroimmune activation and weight gain in a rat model of post‐menopausal obesity Body weight increases after menopause; in fact, almost 40% of women over 60 are obese. Body weight also increases in laboratory animals after removal of the ovaries (ovariectomy). We use female rats to examine changes in the brain with post‐ovariectomy weight gain, which occurs rapidly and predictably. Thus, specific factors, including neuroimmune signals, in specific brain areas can be linked to obesity, allowing us to identify factors that change during the
development of post‐ovariectomy weight gain, or at particular phases of the weight gain. Ultimately, the information will help to target these factors in attempts to manage or prevent obesity. Sponsor: OCAST, OVPR intramural grant PI/PD: Kathleen S. Curtis
Exercise effects on altered neuroimmune factors after post‐ovariectomy weight gain in rats The brain plays a major role in obesity and body weight regulation. Neuroimmune factors are of particular importance, but does exercise alter these factors? And do the answers depend on reproductive hormones? We use female rats to address these questions, eliminating reproductive hormones by removing the ovaries (ovariectomy), which rapidly produces substantial weight gain. Some ovariectomized rats are allowed to ‘exercise’ by running on wheels attached to their cages immediately after ovariectomy. For other ovariectomized rats, we impose a 3‐week delay to determine if exercise must be initiated early in the development of obesity to produce beneficial effects. Sponsor: OSU‐CHS Mentor‐Mentee grand PI/PD: Kathleen S. Curtis
The Adolescent Brain on Sucrose: Investigating Dopamine Release in Reward Pathways In adults, dopamine in the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) and Nucleus Accumbens (NAC) may be released when exposed to a natural reward like sucrose, similar to drugs of addiction. Sugar intake in adolescents is greater than in any other age group. Adolescent brains undergo critical developmental changes, during which reward pathways could be more susceptible to environmental influences. It is unknown if chronic sucrose exposure in adolescence alters central reward pathways. These studies use adolescent rats to determine if sucrose exposure produces long‐term changes in behavior, neurotransmitters, and transporters in central reward areas. Sponsor: OSU‐CHS SEEDS internship program PIs/PDs: Dolores Vazquez‐Sanroman, Nedra Wilson, Kathleen S. Curtis
Environmental Toxicants and the Development of Cancer These projects examine the effects of heavy metals and pesticides on tumor development (pancreas, colorectal, prostate, and breast). Assessing the cellular and molecular effects of the toxicants alone, or in a mixture will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms and impact these toxicants exert on the cellular mechanisms regulating cell growth and impacting tumor development. Studies examining the toxicity of metal‐pesticide mixtures will be a major focus. We will assess changes in apoptotic pathways, cellular repair, mitochondrial and DNA function, all culminating with effects on the cell which will lead to tumor formation. Sponsor: Intramural Funding PI/PD: David R. Wallace and Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic (University of Belgrade)
Impact of Environmental Toxins on Biological Systems These projects examine low‐level heavy metal and/or pesticide exposure on: 1) neural development, measured by changes in dopamine transporter [expression, trafficking, and
function], dopamine release/uptake and the activity/function of the D1‐like and D2‐like dopamine receptors and 2) toxin‐related estrogenic activity (metalloestrogens such as cadmium and organochlorine pesticides) and their impact on the development of breast cancer. We are examining intracellular mechanisms (p53, caspase, etc.) which are responsible for the regulation of cell grow and differentiation and how environmental agents can alter the cell cycle leading to abnormal growth and tumor development. Sponsor: Intramural Funding PI/PD: David R. Wallace
Discovery of Indolizidine (‐)‐237D Analogs as Selective alpha6* receptor antagonists Cigarette smoking causes 7,500 adult deaths in Oklahoma alone each year. Better anti‐smoking agents are needed with fewer side effects. We aim to develop synthetic compounds that selectively inhibit α6* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which are expected to have fewer side effects compared to current smoking cessation agents that are less selective as they bind to many cholinergic nicotinic receptor subtypes. Analogs will be evaluated for in vitro potency at α6* nAChRs via inhibition of nicotine‐evoked dopamine (DA) release from superfused rat striatal slices. These analogs may serve as leads for the discovery of novel smoking cessation agents targeting α6* nAChRs. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (OCAST) PI/PD: Razi Abdolvand (TU), Blaine Mooers (OU), and David R. Wallace
Molecular Interactions with HIV proteins with the Dopamine Transporter These projects have been investigating the in vitro effects of gp120 and Tat (HIV proteins associated with neurotoxicity) on the functioning and activity of the dopaminergic system in tissue and cell culture model systems. The primary goal of this program is to elucidate the interaction between gp120/Tat, estrogen, and cocaine in female rats. Ultimately, the goal of this research is to provide insight into gender‐related differences in AIDS‐related central nervous system disorders leading to potential gender‐specific treatment strategies for HIV and cocaine addiction. Sponsor: Intramural funds PI/PD: David R. Wallace
Interactions of Snake Venom and Antivenom Snake venom and antivenom interactions are being evaluated using various methods including size‐exclusion HPLC (SE‐HPLC). This project is investigating correlations between formation of stable venom–antivenom complexes and antivenom protection against venom‐induced toxicity and lethality. Studies are ongoing to determine which venom components are bound in venom‐ antivenom complexes and what effect binding has on venom reactivity as determined by standard in vitro assays. Methods developed in these studies may facilitate reduced use of animals in snake venom research and in antivenom production. Sponsor: Intramural Funding PI/PD: Charles G. Sanny
Multivariate Analysis of Antibody and Antigen Interactions Chromatographic analyses of the interactions of antibodies and antigens using single wavelength detection (e.g. 214 nm, 280 nm) have been described in the literature. The use of a diode array detector may provide additional information such as relative concentration of reactants, component identity, and product composition. Snake venom and antivenom are being used in this study to evaluate changes in elution profiles consistent with antibody‐antigen complex formation and loss of reactive antibody and antigen. Mathematical methods described in the literature, such as multivariate curve resolution, are being used to facilitate antibody‐ antigen interaction analysis. Sponsor: Intramural Funding PI/PD: Charles G. Sanny
Bacterial Remediation of Triclosan Residues in the Environment Triclosan is a hydrophobic antiseptic biocide employed in many personal and health care settings as a preservative, disinfectant, or antiseptic. It exerts broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties for most clinically important bacteria. Its widespread use has led to its presence in the environment primarily as a wastewater contaminant. We have shown that methylation obviates its antibacterial properties. One purpose of our research is to investigate the relationship between triclosan and bacteria present in municipal wastewater streams in an effort to better understand mechanistic bases underlying intrinsic and acquired resistance, biologic methylation and availability, and potential approaches for bioremediation in contaminated environments. Sponsor: NIH INBRE, Intramural Funding PIs: Franklin R. Champlin, Gerwald A. Köhler
Burkholderia multivorans Cell Envelope Physiology Burkholderia multivorans is a gram‐negative soil bacterium that can also act as an opportunistic pathogen in patients with underlying diseases such as cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. A typical infection involves pulmonary tissue and can lead to a serious necrotizing pneumonia. Its refractory antibiotic susceptibility profile is similar to that of the phylogenetically‐related opportunist Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Work in our laboratory features investigations of cellular mechanisms underlying intrinsic resistance to common biocides and antibiotics, and efforts designed to elucidate how mutations that obviate extracellular polysaccharide expression affect the ability of the bacterium to form stable biofilms. Sponsor: Intramural Funding PIs: Franklin R. Champlin, Sallie A. Ruskoski
Intrinsic Resistance of Serratia Species to Hydrophobic Antibacterial Agents Several species of the enteric genus Serratia are agents of opportunistic etiologies in humans. The exclusionary properties of the Serratia marcescens outer membrane for hydrophobic substances are in part responsible for its intrinsic resistance to the hydrophobic biocide triclosan. Individual pathogenic species ranged from generally refractory to hydrophobic molecules to extremely susceptible. Those species which exhibited intrinsic resistance to triclosan were susceptive to sensitization by chemical disruption of outer membrane
exclusionary properties. Disparate opportunistic pathogens within the genus Serratia differ phenotypically with regard to the degree to which outer membrane exclusion contributes to intrinsic resistance to hydrophobic antibacterial substances. Sponsors: NIH INBRE, NIH INBRE Faculty Research Opportunity Award Program, TABERC, Intramural Funding PIs: Franklin R. Champlin, Sue Katz Amburn
Interactions of Beneficial Microbes with the Mammalian Host The mammalian gut microbiome consists of thousands of microbial species that are considered beneficial because they can provide nutrients and protect the host from pathogens. Probiotics are microbial strains that provide additional health benefits for the host when present in sufficient quantities. We are using genomic and microbiological techniques to learn about the composition of the gut microbiota and the beneficial effects of probiotics. Sponsor: OCAST and intramural funding PI/PD: Gerwald Koehler
Xenobiotics and the Mammalian Gut Microbiome Ingested drugs and environmental toxins are xenobiotics that are likely to interact with the microorganisms that inhabit the mammalian intestine. Currently, we are using molecular analyses (next‐generation sequencing) to examine the impact of xenobiotics on the composition of the gut microbiome. Conversely, the microbes’ responses towards exposure and their potential for modulation of xenobiotic effects are investigated. The project will help us to understand how xenobiotics can impact human health. Sponsor: Intramural funding PI/PD: Gerwald Koehler
PSYCHIATRY
Best Practice Recommendation in Psychiatric Stabilization of Lewy Body Dementia: Case Report Lewy Body Dementia is characterized by progressive psychosis, parkinsonism, neurocognitive changes, sleep issues, and psychiatric changes. This contributes to multiple challenges in tracking the symptoms and optimizing medication management in a primary medical home. This progressive disease can respond to appropriate pharmacotherapy in the form of stabilizing or delaying worsening of symptoms. The presented case study will outline the evidence‐based treatment, and response to medication in a 57‐year old Caucasian male, with the benefit of neuropsychological testing completed before and after treatment. Utilizing appropriate medication and serial testing throughout the patient’s illness, symptom stabilization and improvement were observed. Sponsor: N/A PI/PD: Anya Mazur‐Mosiewicz
Food Independence, Security, and Health (FISH) Study: Phase II The FISH Study is a community‐based research initiative to identify, prioritize, and address the critical drivers of chronic food insecurity and poor health outcomes among Oklahoma families accessing charitable food assistance programs. This study’s second phase explores how distinct domains of household risk, including socioeconomic deprivation, poor adult psychological health, and avoidant coping behaviors, may contribute to adult‐ and child‐level food insecurity, which are associated with poor biological, cognitive, and socioemotional outcomes among children. In collaboration with food bank stakeholders, findings will guide the development of a “Family Needs Assessment” intervention framework for families accessing charitable food programs in Oklahoma. Sponsor: National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P20GM109097 PI/PD: Jennifer Hays‐Grudo Pilot Project PI: Marianna Wetherill
Sleep and Mother‐Baby Regulation (SLMBR) This longitudinal study examines the interplay of psychosocial and biological factors associated with perinatal psychopathology and their role in infant sleep. Specifically, it examines the role of childhood trauma, perinatal sleep disturbance, and inflammation on symptoms of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and infant sleep regulation. Sponsor: Pilot research grant awarded by the Center of Integrated Research on Childhood Adversity (CIRCA) at OSU through COBRE award to OSU (Hays‐Grudo, PI) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). OSU COBRE NIGMS 1P20GM109097‐01A1) PI/PD(s): Lucia Ciciolla, Jennifer Byrd‐Craven, Karina Shreffler
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
YouTube as a Source of Information on Laceration Repair and Management Acute wound care complaints account for 7 to 9 million emergency department visits each year. However, visits for lacerations have declined over recent years. The use of the internet for medical advice continues to gain popularity as a first‐line resource for many. However, with easy access to information comes equal ease of access to misinformation, which is especially true for health‐related guidance. A first step in determining this is assessing the level of misinformation that patients are exposed to online. Thus, we investigated the accuracy and quality of publicly available educational content about laceration care on YouTube. PI/PD: Dylan Roberts, Kelly Murray, Gavin Gardner, David McAdams, Levi Duethman, Aaron Stafford, Jesse Pandian, Matt Vassar Affiliations: All authors are affiliated with Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, except Mr. Stafford who is affiliated with Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences ‐ Joplin; Joplin, Missouri.
Implementation and evaluation of a pharmacist driven medication reconciliation service at an academic medical center Medication reconciliation is the practice of obtaining an accurate list of all of the medications and supplements currently being taken by a patient and is a multi‐step process. When patients undergo a transition in care (i.e. a patient being admitted, discharged from the hospital, or transferred from department to department), errors are more likely to occur. The purposes of this study were to gather data on the quantity and type of errors occurring during medication reconciliation, to evaluate patient demographics in order to determine high‐risk subgroups, and to gather data for education and pharmacy medication reconciliation service implementation. PI/PD: Bryan Bozell, Jessica Gwartney, Kelly Murray, Erica Martin Affiliations: Dr. Murray is affiliated with Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences. All other authors are affiliated with Oklahoma State University Medical Center – Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Monitoring among patients at risk for metabolic syndrome secondary to concomitant antiretroviral and second‐generation antipsychotic therapy in an HIV patient population Second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) have significant metabolic side effect profiles. These risks are compounded with concomitant therapy, both due to additive side effects and as a result of the interaction between the medication classes which can increase serum SGA concentrations. Additionally, people living with HIV are at higher risk for metabolic complications due to chronic inflammation caused by the virus. The study goals are to (1) explore the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients on concurrent SGA and PI therapy and to (2) evaluate current risk management practices for patients on concurrent SGA and PI medications. PI/PD: Nasar Ansari, Divya Akula, Kelly Murray, Christina Connel, John Bury Affiliations: Drs. Murray, Connel and Akula are affiliated with Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences. Drs. Ansari and Bury are affiliated with Oklahoma State University Medical Center – Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Evaluation of empiric appropriateness of discharge antibiotic prescriptions from an academic medical center emergency department Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem that could be improved by optimizing antibiotic prescription dosing and implementing antibiotic stewardship activities in the emergency department. This study evaluated the appropriateness of empiric antibiotic prescriptions written upon discharge for emergency department patients and describes medication errors found in a random sample of 1000 prescriptions written over a one‐year period. PI/PD: Sara Kim, Kelly Murray, Aaron Lane, Shelton Knudsen, Kendal Painter Affiliations: Dr. Kim is affiliated with Methodist Charlton Medical Center – Dallas, Texas. Drs. Murray and Lane are affiliated with Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences. Dr. Knudsen is affiliated with Great Plains Regional Medical Center ‐ Elk City, Oklahoma.
Evaluation of Intervention Reporting in Published Emergency Medicine Clinical Trials: a Cross‐ Sectional Survey The extent of intervention reporting in emergency medicine journals remains unclear. Additionally, studies have found that poor methodological reporting increases the likelihood of inappropriate interpretation of results. Given the benefits and limitations of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the development of clinical practice guidelines, more robust reporting guidelines would benefit the field of emergency medicine. The primary objective of our study is to evaluate the completeness of intervention reporting, by using the TIDieR checklist, in emergency medicine RCTs published in emergency medicine journals. Funding: Oklahoma State University Presidential Research Grant PI/PD: Ian Fladie, Drayton Rorah, Jonathan Pollard, Samuel Jellison, Lehana Thabane, Kelly Murray, Gavin Gardner, Matt Vassar Affiliations: Drs. Murray, Gardner, and Vassar and Mrs. Fladie, Rorah, Pollard, and Jellison are affiliated with Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Dr. Thabane is affiliated with Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
CLINICAL RESEARCH
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for PTSD Clinical Demonstration Protocol Service‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms do not always respond effectively to traditional evidence‐based therapies used by the VA medical system. Although the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for PTSD is considered “off‐label” by the FDA, there is a body of literature that suggests that the therapy may be useful for PTSD. The purpose of this cooperative project between the Eastern Oklahoma VA Healthcare System and OSU Medical Center is to explore whether military veterans with refractory PTSD can be treated effectively in HBOT facilities external to the VA system. Sponsors: Center for Compassionate Innovation, VHA Central Office PI/PD: Paul Rock, Keith Simmons, Brian Diener, Douglas Foster, Susan Young Eastern Oklahoma VAHCS: John Chelf, Erica Jeffries, River Smith, Jane Kurek, Leslie Eddleman, Donald Johnson, Katherine Claassen.
Effect of Hyperbaric Exposure on Persistent HIV‐1 Infection Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can reduce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) to undetectable levels in the blood, but cannot totally eradicate the virus. Latent HIV‐1 in host cell DNA and in sites that HAART may not penetrate effectively can cause resurgence of the virus if HAART is stopped. Limited anecdotal evidence in humans and studies with animal models suggest the “anesthetic effect” of inert gases breathed during repetitive exposures to hyperbaric environments may eradicate latent HIV‐1. This pilot study will explore the effect of daily exposures to hyperbaric pressure while breathing compressed air on viral load and immune status in individuals with early HIV‐1 infection being treated with HAART. Sponsors: Indigo Medical Research, LLC PI/PD: Paul Rock, Christina Connel, Justin Chronister, Rupesh Agarwal
AbbVie Study Single Arm, Open‐label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Glecaprevir (GLE)/Pibrentasvir (PIB) in Treatment Naïve Adults with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotype 1, 2, 4, 5 or 6 Infection and Compensated Cirrhosis. To demonstrate the noninferiority of the SVR12 rates of eight weeks of treatment with the glecaprevir/pibrentasvir combination regimen to the historical SVR12 rate of 12 weeks of treatment with the glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in treatment naïve adults with chronic HCV GT 1, 2, 4, 5 or 6 infection and compensated cirrhosis. The primary efficacy objective will be assessed across genotypes, in the Per‐Protocol (PP) population. Sponsor: AbbVie PI/PD: Damon Baker, DO
AMGEN Study A Double‐blind, Randomized, Placebo‐controlled, Multicenter Study Assessing the Efficacy of Ivabradine (Corlanor®) to Reduce Heart Rate in African‐American/Black Subjects with Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Ivabradine (Corlanor®). To evaluate the effect of ivabradine compared with placebo on heart rate (HR) reduction after six weeks of treatment in African‐American/black subjects with heart failure (HF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Sponsor: AMGEN PI/PD: Matt Wilkett, DO
CIRT Study ‐ Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial (CIRT) CIRT represents a remarkable clinical and scientific opportunity to test directly the inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis by evaluating whether or not low‐dose methotrexate (LDM) will reduce rates of recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death among stable post‐myocardial infarction patients with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Sponsor: NIH Grant 5U01HL101422 with Brigham and Women's Hospital PI/PD: Matt Wilkett, DO
APPLES Study A prospective pediatric longitudinal evaluation to assess the long‐term safety of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Tacrolimus, the active drug in this study, is also known as Protopic®. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge about the long‐term safety of the use of tacrolimus ointment/Protopic® for treating atopic dermatitis. This is an observational study. Sponsor: LEO Pharma A/S PI/PD: Colony Fugate, DO
Pfizer Prevnar PROTOCOL NUMBER: C3571002 Phase 2, Randomized, Open‐Label Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Multivalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Given with, or Separately from, 13‐Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Infants. PI: Colony Fugate, DO
Crisaborole Study This is an open‐label study of the safety of crisaborole topical ointment, 2% used twice a day for 28 days on children 3 to ≤ 24 months old with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. This study is to determine if the age indication for this non‐steroidal alternative should be expanded as it is currently an approved treatment only for people 2 years of age and up. Sponsor: Pfizer PI/PD: Colony Fugate, DO
Crisaborole Maintenance Therapy Study This study is the evaluate the safety and efficacy of maintenance treatment and flare reduction with Crisaborole ointment, 2%, vs. vehicle ointment, used once daily over a 52‐week period in for ages 2 years old and up with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis, who prove responders to twice daily dosing in the open‐label run‐in period. The goal is to determine if once daily dosing can be used as a long term topical treatment (for prior responders with this level of atopic dermatitis). Sponsor: Pfizer PI/PD: Colony Fugate, DO
Expanded Pneumococcal Vaccine Study This is a safety and immunogenicity study of a 20‐valent pneumococcal vaccine which was developed to expand protection against 7 more serotypes which account for 70% of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease seen today. This vaccine is compared to the standard licensed vaccine, Prevnar 13®. Both are given as an infant series at 2, 4, and 6, months of age with a toddler booster dose at 12 months of age along with routine infant and toddler vaccines. Sponsor: Pfizer PI/PD: Colony Fugate, DO
Quadrivalent Meningococcal Vaccine Study This study is to compare the safety profiles of two vaccines aimed to provide broad protection against invasive meningococcal disease when administered concomitantly with routine infant and toddler vaccines. The test article is MenACYW (polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugate) vaccine. Menveo® (oligosaccharide diphtheria conjugate) vaccine is given as the control. Each are dosed in a primary infant series at 2, 4, and 6 months of age along with a toddler booster dose at 12 months of age in healthy infants. Sponsor: Sanofi Pasteur PI/PD: Colony Fugate, DO
REPRIEVE Study HIV causes inflammation (irritation) inside the body that cannot be felt but can be measured. Inflammation may contribute to diseases such as heart disease that have become some of the leading causes of death in people with HIV. HIV medications can lower inflammation somewhat, however sometimes the levels of inflammation can remain higher compared to people who are not infected with HIV. Statins are used to lower the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (fat in the blood) that people make, but clinical trials have shown that statins may have other benefits. For example, heart disease and the levels of inflammation can be lowered by statins. Pitavastatin is a statin that, along with a diet, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of high cholesterol. It also lowers triglyceride levels in the blood. Sponsor: Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital PI/PD: Damon Baker, DO
VIVO Study The Zilver® Vena™ Venous Stent is intended to treat obstruction (blockage/narrowing) of the iliofemoral (groin/pelvis) veins. The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of the investigational device to maintain an open blood vessel in the groin/pelvis (this blood vessel is called the iliofemoral vein). Sponsor: Cook, Inc. PI/PD: George Erbacher, DO
SALSA Study A Phase III, randomized, multicenter, open‐label, non‐inferiority study evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of switching to dolutegravir/lamivudine fixed dose combination in HIV‐1 infected adults who are virologically suppressed Sponsor: ViiV Healthcare Company PI/PD: Katherine Cook, DO
Meningitis and Neonates Meningitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. While the majority of cases of neonatal meningitis are caused by only a few organisms, it is important to recognize that other, less common organisms may contribute to disease. Globicatella sulfidifaciens, isolated from our patient, and organisms of the genus Globicatella are rarely encountered clinically. New microbial identification technologies are likely to increase the frequency of uncommon and previously undocumented microbes as the etiologic agents of infectious illness, including neonatal meningitis. PI/PDs: Janizito Guzman Saint Francis Children’s Hospital, Pharmacy: Thao Nguyen Oklahoma State University, OMECO: Christine Beeson, Rachel Courtney University of Oklahoma: Kimberley Martin
Palliative Care and Pediatrics Palliative care is aimed at decreasing suffering by treating pain and the spiritual, physical, and mental needs that may arise during the course of a life‐limiting illness. Delivering palliative care to pediatric patients is particularly difficult. Though residency programs teach palliative care, pediatric residents do not feel adequately prepared to discuss end‐of‐life care with patients and patients’ families. We conducted a focus group to assess Oklahoma State University (OSU) pediatric residents’ perceptions of competency in palliative care. The data collected from the focus group identified gaps in education and will inform a curricula change in palliative care training for pediatric residents at OSU. PIs: Christine Beeson, DO & Betsy Kadapuram, DO
RURAL HEALTH
Perceived confidentiality risks of mobile‐technology‐based EMA to assess high risk behaviors among rural MSM In an effort to enhance research efforts with sexual and gender minorities within rural areas, a qualitative study of Oklahoma rural MSM was conducted to detail barriers to and preferences for participating in research studies which utilize electronic devices for the collection, storage, and maintenance of data. The short‐term goal of this project is to identify research barriers and preferences of rural MSM and associated proximal and distal factors in an effort to inform culturally and contextually relevant research protocols. This contribution will be significant because it is expected to have broad translational importance in the collection of data to inform the prevention and maintenance of HIV in rural areas. Sponsor: NIH PI/PDS: Randolph D. Hubach
Amenability for HIV/STI self‐testing and use of telemedicine among rural MSM Care continuums within rural areas of the United States are unreliable to meet the needs of sexual minority men. This seeks to: (1) Determine the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community healthcare system, and healthcare policy factors that influence the process of engagement in care for rural MSM; (2) Identify preferred context for HIV screening and prevention strategies for rural MSM, including methods to enhance patient‐provider communication around pre‐ exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and routine HIV screening; and (3) Assess the amenability of telemedicine technology for sexual healthcare. Sponsor: Internal Funding PI/PDS: Randolph D. Hubach
Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources – FY2019 Research Abstracts AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Improving the Efficiency of Agricultural Decisions Agricultural producers face many decisions regarding new and existing technology. These producers can make more efficient decisions when provided with more accurate information. The proposed research would provide this information. A variety of applied topics will be addressed such as grid soil sampling, optimal design of on‐farm experiments, precision nitrogen fertilizer recommendations, design of rainfall insurance, area yield crop insurance. (2939) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Wade Brorsen
Economic Impacts of Market Power and Checkoff Program The project is expected to provide economic analyses of market power and checkoff programs in food and agricultural industries. Specifically, the project will develop generalized and flexible models for market conduct in food and agricultural industries. The newly developed models will be used for the analyses of bilateral market power between retailers and processors for various agricultural and food markets. The project also will focus on determining the relationship between auction and traditional new empirical industrial organization (NEIO) models of market power. (2941) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Chanjin Chung
Providing Information and Decision Support Tools to Increase the Effectiveness of Traditional and Non‐Traditional Cooperatives The goal of this project is to increase the efficiency and profitability of agricultural cooperatives. This goal will be accomplished through a wide range of activities including survey research, case study research and the development of decision aids and best management practices. Many of these activities will focus on financial choices which are an integral part of the profit distribution and equity structure which is unique to the cooperative firm. Because these firms are owned and controlled by agricultural producers, this research will benefit Oklahoma farmers and ranchers. (2942) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Phil Kenkel
The Economics of Market Relationships and Value Enhancement in Livestock and Agriculture The market landscape in agriculture is constantly changing, whether induced by market forces, policy changes, technological innovation, or weather. Participants in the food system must navigate that changing landscape along with the management and marketing challenges that it presents. Changes in market structure and evolution in the nature of market relationships can lead to more cost‐efficient production and stronger marketing channels. This research provides economic analysis of these change catalysts, of potential responses to the associated challenges and opportunities, and of associated supply chain behavior. Particular emphasis is placed on value enhancement in the livestock industry and implications for Oklahoma livestock producers and processors. (2943) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Kellie Raper
Rural Community Economic Resilience in the Face of Changing Food Systems, Mining and Climate Variability The proposed research will explore the concept of economic resiliency in the context of three trends facing Oklahoma communities: changing food systems, oil and gas development, and climate variability. The research will identify how rural Oklahoma communities will be impacted by these three trends. In particular, the research will focus on how various forms of capital, using the Community Capitals framework, contribute or detract from local economic resilience. This will enable the researcher to identify policies and tools for local and state decision makers to build economic resiliency in rural Oklahoma. (2947) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Dave Shideler
Economic and Environmental Impacts of Oklahoma Agricultural Production and Agricultural Technology Although it is difficult to conduct a fully comprehensive evaluation of any emerging agricultural production system, the state‐of‐the‐practice analysis tools have demonstrated their utility in providing producers, researchers, and decision makers with beneficial information on the impacts of new agricultural technology. Future research will provide even more the basis for initiating comprehensive analysis, particularly as more seamless integration between economic and environmental analysis is achieved (Plucknett et al.; Hildebrand; McConnell and Dillon). (2948) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Jeff Vitale
Economics of Oklahoma Agricultural Production Systems The goal of this project is provide economic analyses of alternative production systems in the U.S. Southern Plains. Agricultural producers are confronted with new production, marketing, and financing methods/technologies. Often these new tools are promoted by parties with a vested financial interested. This project will assess the economic feasibility (i.e., cash flow considerations) and advisability (i.e., economic profitability) of alternative agricultural production practices and where applicable marketing and financial considerations. (2974) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Eric DeVuyst
Costs, Benefits, and Risks of Alternative Insect Management Strategies in Food Processing and Grain Storage Facilities Consumers desire wholesome, insect‐free foods. Meanwhile, because of consumer preferences and regulations insecticide options are increasingly limited. In order to improve the ability of food providers to respond to these conflicting challenges, costs benefits, and risks of alternative insect control methods, including integrated pest management approaches, will be estimated. The focus is on grain storage and food processing facilities. Especially in the food processing industry, limited economic analysis of insect control has been published, especially analysis that considers the risks of alternative strategies. Partial budgeting and economic engineering will be used to analyze costs. (2977) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Brian Adam
Evaluation of Price and Production Risk Management with Changing Markets and Policies Faced by Producers in Oklahoma and the Southern Plains Agricultural producers and agribusinesses operate in an environment where risk create additional challenges. These entities have shown an acceptance to risk mitigation tools as evidenced by increased use insurance, futures, and options. The rapidly changing landscape of agriculture, which includes advances in technology, detailed data collection, increased environmental and litigation issues, as well as the aforementioned risks, warrants continued, advanced study of these problems. Therefore, the focus of this project centers around the risk management approach, thus aiding the financial stability and viability of agricultural producers and agribusinesses in the Southern Plains. (3029) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: John Michael Riley
Back to Basics: Expanding Best Management Practice Adoption in Small and Mid‐Sized Beef Enterprises Beef production in the Southern Plains is characterized by small and medium‐sized cow‐calf operations. Strategies to increase profitability of these enterprises are key to increasing overall profitability for the industry. This project benchmarks producer demographics, selected production and management characteristics, and adoption rates of key production and management practices with respect to calf management. Research examines incentives and constraints to beef producer adoption of these research‐based recommended management practices. The project ultimately seeks to increase practice adoption rates of critical recommended practices through hands‐on workshops and via increasing quality and accessibility of educational materials targeted to current and future beef producers. (3049) Sponsor: USDA‐NIFA, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Kellie Raper
Studying Food Security Using Internet Surveys The U.S. government spends large amounts of money to measure food security across the U.S. The data are valuable because no expense was spared in making the survey representative of the U.S. population. However, most researchers wanting to study food security do not have funds to conduct similar surveys. Instead, they must rely on less expensive tools, like internet surveys. Can we accurately measure food insecurity in the U.S. using internet surveys? This study seeks to answer that question. (3058) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Bailey Norwood
The Role of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) and Development Policy on Economic Growth and Quality of Life in Rural Communities This project will assess the economic and social outcomes associated with (1) information and communications technology (ICT) environments, and (2) state and federal development policies, both from a rural context. The primary goal is to understand which ICT environments and economic development policies are having measurable impacts on rural communities. Specific topics to be studied include which broadband characteristics are most associated with positive economic outcomes in rural areas, and understanding determinants of rural business innovation. (3059) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Brian Whitacre
Enhancing Rural Economic Opportunities, Community Resilience, and Entrepreneurship Rural communities face a wide range of economic growth and development issues ranging from changing economic structure to public service provision. This project will: (1) increase understanding of the changing determinants of rural prosperity and develop indicators to measure specific community and regional assets and outcomes and (2) identify and analyze policies and strategies contributing to the viability and resiliency of communities in responding to economic and policy changes as well as natural and human‐made shocks. (3103) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Brian Whitacre
Enhancing Rural Economic Opportunities, Community Resilience, and Entrepreneurship Rural Oklahoma suffers from persistent population loss, as well as recent declines in farm income due to economic conditions and federal trade policies. Diversification of these economies is one strategy to address these trends. Through emphasizing entrepreneurship and assisting communities to build upon existing assets in agriculture and natural resources, these communities can create or retain jobs that pay well and provide incentive for young people to stay and/or return after completing college. Additionally, diversification of local economies (e.g. both expanding the small business sector and fostering retention and expansion of existing businesses) are key development objectives that clearly affect resiliency in the face of natural and human caused shocks to the system. This project seeks to identify how rural communities can cultivate entrepreneurial ecosystems to launch and sustain thriving small businesses that will create well‐paying jobs and retain/attract population. (3114) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Dave Shideler
Food, Feed, Fuel, and Fiber: Security under a Changing Climate Prediction of climate change’s impact on agricultural production systems poses numerous computational challenges. Current research on the effects of climate change on crop and animal performance rely heavily on peer‐reviewed literature and validated biophysical models. However, climate change impacts on agricultural production systems is complex, likely occurring gradually, and uncertain for different regions. This multi‐state project aims to enrich regional datasets and develop spatial and temporal methodologies to predict system outcomes and assess the risks climate changes poses to food and fiber production. Outputs from this project will be used to design decision‐making tools concerning technologies such as smart crops and improved hydrologic systems for crop and livestock production. Stakeholders will benefit from region‐specific information generated by the project regarding the effects of climate change on production systems and new technologies or policies that could be implemented to moderate the effects a climate in flux and foster resilience. (3157) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Lixia Lambert
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION, COMMUNICATIONS AND LEADERSHIP
Exploring Entrepreneurship Education and the Facilitation of Entrepreneurs in Agriculture and Its Allied Sectors: Implications for Agricultural and Extension Education in an Era of Globalization The potential for agricultural enterprise development and its impact on the economic livelihoods of rural citizens and their communities is significant. However, little is understood about agricultural entrepreneurs in developing countries or how mentoring and networking relationships between them and entrepreneurs in developed countries may be activated, maintained, and enhanced. This research project seeks to describe the experiences of entrepreneurs and aspiring entrepreneurs from developing countries, including the mentor‐ protégé and peer‐to‐peer networks that may support their entrepreneurial ventures and success. The study will examine selected entrepreneurs’ relationships with Oklahoma agribusiness collaborators, including their use of new media to communicate. (03012) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: M. Craig Edwards
Using Branding to Engage the Public in Food, Agricultural, Natural Resources, and Human Sciences Issues Effective organizational branding can improve the relationship between the public and food, agricultural, natural resources, and human sciences (FANRHS) organizations. Branding happens internally (i.e., the organization’s actions that shapes the brand) and externally (i.e., what the public thinks of the organization and its communications). To date, projects have assessed how agricultural operations represent their brands online and how clients perceive the brand of an OSU department that serves Oklahoma’s food and agricultural industry. Ongoing projects include determining branding professional development needs for FANRHS organizations in Oklahoma and assessing how agricultural producers portray themselves and others in the industry. (3072) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Quisto Settle
ANIMAL AND FOOD SCIENCE
Beef Cattle Selection and Management for Adaptation to Drought This study encompasses water intake collection and a drought adaptation test period on a large number of growing crossbred beef cattle. Cattle have been identified that have high growth performance and water efficiency. Multiple genomic approaches will be applied to the cattle and their microbiome to investigate cattle that have the ability to adapt to drought. Outreach and extension efforts will aid in the dissemination of research findings through development of traditional and online educational materials. These include decision support tools and information being developed on BeefClimate.org and a national environmental stress and water needs tools being developed in collaboration with the Oklahoma Mesonet. (2910) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Chris Richards, Deb VanOverbeke, Udaya DeSilva Kansas State University: Megan Rolf University of Florida: Raluca Mateescu University of Nebraska: Clint Krehbiel Non‐University: Michelle Calvo‐ Lorenzo, Sara Place
Role of Fibroblast growth factor‐9‐Mediated Intraovarian Factors in Regulating Ovarian Follicular Development in Cattle Poor reproductive efficiency in cattle ultimately results in lost income to farmers. Understanding the mechanisms of ovarian follicular growth may help devise ways to increase reproductive efficiency and hence farm profits. During ovarian follicular development, granulosa and theca cell proliferation and differentiation are influenced by gonadotropins, insulin‐like growth factors, and numerous intraovarian factors as well as external factors such as mycotoxins. The goal of this project is to determine to effects of growth factors and mycotoxins on ovarian function. It is hoped that new insights regarding techniques to improve fertility in dairy and beef cattle will result from these studies. (2970) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Leon Spicer
A multi‐year evaluation of meat quality parameters of beef from grain and grass finished cattle The objectives of this project are: 1) determine the difference in objective and subjective palatability measures between forage and grain fed cattle and 2) determine the difference in fatty acid profiles between forage and grain fed cattle. This was the fourth year of this project. The project focus was on the second harvest of a group of cattle and evaluation of steaks for Warner‐Bratzler Shear Force. Sensory evaluation was completed. Fatty acid profiles analysis is in progress from the first four years. (2985) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Deborah VanOverbeke, Gretchen Mafi, Ranjith Ramanathan
Supplementation and management strategies to improve productivity and sustainability of Oklahoma grazing systems The long‐term goal of this project is to increase the economic prosperity and sustainability of the 44,000 ranchers managing the 4.6 million cattle on 22 million acres of grassland and 5.3 million acres of wheat in Oklahoma. Research is being conducted to improve sustainability of wheat and warm‐season perennial grass grazing systems through development of novel science and technologies, improved cattle management and supplementation strategies, and decision support systems incorporating next‐generation sensors, automation, and real‐time data analytics. Improved sustainability will improve profit margins for ranchers, while simultaneously increasing availability of food for society and improving ecosystem services from Oklahoma grazing lands. (2987) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Ryan Reuter
Evaluation of rumen temperature for prediction of water consumption and environmental stress These electronic technologies are providing multiple noninvasive body temperatures each day. This provides information related to the presence, health, well‐being, and behavior patterns of cattle in confinement and grazing environments. The overall goal is to improve the efficiency of beef production and well‐being of cattle through improved evaluation of environmental stressors. The specific project goal is to determine environmental extremes which cause cattle under diverse management systems to exceed normal body temperature parameters and evaluate management strategies to mitigate environmental stressors. (2988) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA PI/PD: Christopher Richards
Microbial Ecology of Soils Treated with Animal Manure The long‐term objective of this project is to better understand the population dynamics of soil microbial ecosystems in response to manure amendment. We also study the contribution of manure to establish and propagate antibiotic resistance in soil. Microbial population fluctuations are evaluated by high throughput sequence analysis of eubacterial DNA from soil samples that are continuously treated with animal manure for a 15‐year time period and samples collected annually. The effect of manure amendment to both soil bacteria and manure‐ derived bacteria would be studied. We also aim to determine the presence and prevalence of antibiotic resistant organisms in these soils by quantitative analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic residues in the soil. (2989) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Udaya DeSilva
Impact of micronutrient supplementation on subsequent performance, health, and mineral balance of beef calves Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) accounts for the majority of morbidity, mortality, and decreased production in feedlot cattle. The goal of this research is to improve the efficiency of beef production by improving calf health and performance. Specific experiment goals are to: A) determine the effects of supplementation with cobalt, copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc on the efficiency, daily gains, and clinical health of beef cattle in the receiving/growing phase of production; B) evaluate effects of the same trace minerals on clinical signs, immune response variables, and mineral balance in calves following exposure to BRD pathogens in an intensive challenge. (3010) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Blake K. Wilson
Immune Boosting Dietary Compounds for Growth Promotion and Disease Control and Prevention Sub‐therapeutic use of antibiotics in livestock production is being phased out. Alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed to ensure animal health and productivity. We sought to explore the potential for dietary modulation of innate immunity in the control and prevention of important foodborne pathogens using the chicken as an animal model. Such an immune boosting approach is expected to be broadly applicable in the control and prevention of other pathogens in all other food animal species, offering great potential of enhancing animal biosecurity and production efficiency, while minimizing the use of antibiotics and emergence of drug‐resistant pathogens. (3025) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, USDA‐AFRI PI/PD: Glenn Zhang
Technologies to Reduce Nutrient Excretion and Gaseous Emissions from Swine The swine industry represents a major source of agricultural income in Oklahoma and the United States. Concerns over water and air quality associated with swine production facilities are topics of considerable debate. Therefore, methods to reduce the amount of nutrients and odors produced from swine facilities are needed. The first line of defense against nutrient excretion and gas generation is source control or the nutrients entering via the diet. The goal of this research is to determine the effects of dietary strategies on nutrient excretion and gaseous emissions from swine facilities. (3031) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Scott Carter
Effects of modified atmospheric packaging and pomegranate rind extract on ground beef color Pomegranate rind extract was evaluated to determine its effects on ground beef color stability and lipid oxidation. Pomegranate rind extract was included at three levels (0%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) to 100 g patties. Patties were then assigned to four packaging types: polyvinylchloride (PVC), high oxygen (Hi‐Ox), carbon monoxide (CO), and vacuum. Patties packaged in CO and vacuum bags were stored in dark storage 5 d prior to display. Display color was brighter cherry red for samples with pomegranate solution compared to the control samples. Lipid oxidation levels of the patties enhanced with 1.0 and 1.5% pomegranate solution were lower compared to the control patties. (3024) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Ranjith Ramanathan, Gretchen Mafi, Deb VanOverbeke
Characterizing the biochemical mechanisms governing color of dark cutting beef Our long‐term goal is to better understand the postmortem meat biochemistry of dark‐cutting beef. The objective was to characterize the metabolite profiles of dark‐cutting beef during simulated retail display. Dark‐cutting and normal‐pH strip loins were selected from a commercial packing plant within 3 d post‐harvest. Instrumental and visual color measurements were recorded during 5 d simulated retail display. Metabolites were determined using gas‐ chromatography metabolomics approach. Dark‐cutting beef had less glycolytic metabolites than normal pH beef. Lower glycolytic metabolites may be attributed to higher pH of dark‐ cutting loins. (3043) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA AFRI PI/PDs: Ranjith Ramanathan, Gretchen Mafi, Deb VanOverbeke
Development of low protein diets supplemented with branched chain amino acids that improve the feed efficiency in nursery pigs Feed cost and environmental concerns associated with swine production threatens the sustainability of the swine industry. Moderately low protein diets may be used to reduce the feed cost and improve the environmental sustainability; however, these diets decrease the growth performance of pigs. The goal of this project is to assess the importance of supplemented crystalline and branched chain amino acids on energy balance of pigs fed with moderately low protein diets. This together with understanding the mechanisms by which these amino acids influence the performance of pigs may lead us to develop effective strategies to enhance the productivity of swine. (3045) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI: Adel Pezeshki
Bioelectrical Impedance to Predict Beef and Pork Quality The overall objectives of this project are to determine if bioelectrical impedance can be used to predict eating quality of fresh beef or pork. This research examined a new hand‐held bioelectrical impedance machine used in the seafood industry to assess freshness of product. This device was found to be ineffective to predict marbling, eating quality and freshness of beef or pork. (3050) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Gretchen Mafi, Ranjith Ramanathan, Deb VanOverbeke Food and Agricultural Products Center: Jake Nelson
Improving the growth performance of nursery pigs with low protein diets supplemented with both crystalline and branched chain amino acid One of the common dietary approaches for decreasing feed costs, improving health and eliminating nitrogen excretion in the swine industry is to provide the animals with slightly low protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Unlike these diets, moderately low protein diets, although supplemented with crystalline amino acids lead to poor performance in growing pigs. The objective of this project is to characterize an optimal combination of crystalline and branched chain amino acid that improve the feed efficiency of pigs receiving moderately low protein diets. The long‐term goal of this research is to enhance the environmental sustainability of swine production. (3076) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA AFRI PI/PDs: Adel Pezeshki, Scott Carter, Ranjith Ramanathan, Edralin Lucas, Prasanth Chelikani
Enhancing resiliency of beef production under shifting forage resources Producers are under economic pressures to maximize production per acre. Increasing stocking rates can increase production per acre but can prove harmful to range condition. Growth promoting implants can increase production without increasing stocking rates. High levels of supplemental feed rates can offset forage consumption by grazing cattle and lead to higher stocking rates, without the reductions in forage mass and animal performance. Research is being conducted in 2 range sites in western Oklahoma and an introduced pasture system in Eastern Oklahoma to the study effects of implanting, stocking rate and supplementation on economic and livestock performance. (3076) Sponsors: Zoetis Animal Health, Masterhand Milling, USDA‐ARS Southern Plains Range Research Station PI/PDs: Paul Beck Natural Resource Ecology & Management: Laura Goodman
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to Enhance Production Efficiency Manipulation of gut microbiome has recently emerged as a novel antibiotic alternative strategy to enhance animal health and productivity. We have revealed that broiler chickens of different growth rates harbor distinct gut microbiota and that sub‐therapeutic antibiotics dramatically alter gut microbiota of broilers. The goal of this project is to explore the potential of transferring fecal microbiota from fast‐growing and antibiotic‐supplemented chickens to promote gut health and animal performance. We hypothesize that transplantation of two different sources of fecal microbiota (fast‐growing and BMD‐treated) separately into newly hatched chickens will accelerate intestinal development and growth of recipient chickens. (3081) Sponsor: USDA‐AFRI PI/PD: Kelsy Robinson
Improving Beef Cow/Calf Enterprise Water and Nutrient Utilization The latest research documenting water requirements in beef cows was published in 1956. Similarly, few recent publications are available to document energy requirements in modern beef cows. In the meantime, beef cattle have changed dramatically over the past 40 years. The objective of this research is to determine water and energy requirements in modern beef cows. This is the second year of this series of projects. Voluntary water intake monitoring was initiated for beef cows and two experiments initiated to determine voluntary low‐quality forage consumption and maintenance requirements in Angus and Hereford X Angus beef cows. These data will provide practical guidelines for optimizing the match of genetic potential for various traits to grazing and water resources. (3082) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: David Lalman, Paul Beck, Ryan Reuter, Andrew Foote
Argonaute‐bound Small RNAs and RNA:RNA Interactions in Livestock Genomes Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNA) alter the expression of genes and are a critically important aspect of the genome. The interaction of sncRNA and their targets have been inadequately investigated. We seek to develop new resources and tools to help researchers accelerate discovery of knowledge and functionally annotate livestock genomes by identifying mechanisms of gene regulation via posttranscriptional interactions of RNAs. (3099) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Darren E. Hagen
Effects of social rank and dietary modulation on immune, behavior, and well‐being of the weaned pig through the finish phase The microbial population of the pig gut differs between efficient and inefficient animals with more efficient animals being less responsive to immune challenges. An alternative to antibiotic usage that modulates the gut‐immune interface could lead to significant improvements in animal health, well‐being, and, food security. The goal of this project is to determine a feeding strategy utilizing amino acids that will modulate the immune system of the weaned pig during times of stress. The outcomes of the proposed studies will identify diets that result in optimization of pig immunity and minimizing the negative effects of stress in the pig. (3100) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Janeen Salak‐Johnson, Adel Pezeshki, Scott Carter
Enteric Diseases of Food Animals: Enhanced Prevention, Control and Food Safety Eliminating the use of in‐feed antibiotics in livestock production has been a global trend to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The overall objective is to develop and evaluate host defense peptide (HDP)‐inducing compounds for enhanced production efficiency and gut health in broilers. These compounds will be pursued for their efficacy in promoting growth, health, and bacterial clearance in both healthy and experimentally infected chickens. Successful completion of the project will lead to the development of innovative non‐antibiotic approaches for immediate adoption and commercialization in poultry and possibly other livestock, thus mitigating AMR across the food chain. (3112) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA‐AFRI PI/PD: Glenn Zhang
Metabolic Relationships in Supply of Nutrients for Lactating Cows Factors that regulate the metabolism of nutrients are critically important for the production of milk and health of lactating cows. The purpose of this research is to improve the nutrient utilization by dairy cows. The specific goals of this project are 1) identifying the association of circulating gut peptides and metabolites with feed intake, milk production, and nutrient utilization efficiency; and 2) the role of pre‐weaning gut development in long‐term nutrient utilization efficiency and productivity of dairy cows. (3116) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Andrew Foote
BIOCHEMESTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Identification of Hsp90 Inhibitors in Functional Herbs and Foods and Characterization of Their Mechanism of Action We are determining whether bioactive compounds identified as putative inhibitors of Hsp90, function by inhibition of the Hsp90 chaperone machine. To achieve this, we are: 1) carrying out assays to confirm that the Hsp90 machine is the target of the bioactive compounds, 2) characterizing the mechanism by which the compounds inhibit the Hsp90 machinery, 3) determining the impact of Hsp90 inhibitors on the proteome of cancer cells, and 4) co‐ crystalizing Hsp90 constructs with inhibitors. (2959) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, NIH PI/PD: Robert Matts
Regulation of Spindle Positioning and Cellular Stress Responses by Post‐translational Modifications in the Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Microtubules are dynamic polymers that are critical elements of the mitotic spindle that segregates the genetic material into each daughter cell at cell division. Microtubules are also key for positioning the mitotic spindle within the dividing cell. The dynamic nature of microtubules is controlled by microtubule‐associated proteins that can be modified by phosphorylation and ubiquitin‐like molecules. The long‐term goal of this project is to identify and understand how different types of post‐translational modifications alter the activity of microtubule‐associated proteins, and hence the microtubule behavior that positions the mitotic spindle. (2961) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation PI/PD: Rita Miller
Determining the Structure and Function of INI‐1: Implications in Estrogen Dependent Transcriptional Regulation This project aims to further understand the role of chromatin remodeling proteins, such as INI‐ 1, in the epigenetic regulation of DNA structure. INI‐1 is a tumor suppressor protein, ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues, that is associated with the Swi/Snf chromatin remodeling complex. The absence of INI‐1 from cells has been genetically linked to an abnormally high rate of proliferation. We hypothesize that the loss of INI‐1 from cells results in a defect in the proper regulation of DNA structure by Swi/Snf. To test this hypothesis, the structure and functional roles of INI‐1 within the Swi/Snf complex will be determined using a complementary set of biochemical and cell‐based assays. Results will give insights into the regulation of cellular proliferation, an important process in all mammalian organisms. (2962) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agriculture Experiment Station PI/PD: Donald Ruhl
Metabolism of Triglycerides in Insects Fat plays an essential role as reserve of metabolic energy in all animals. Our studies intend to improve our understanding of the processes of synthesis, accumulation, mobilization and degradation of fat in insects. Fat in the form of triglycerides represents the main energy store in insects in general and these stores are essential to support flight and reproduction. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in fat metabolism could be useful to identify potential targets for the control of the populations of insects that directly impact the yield of crops or that are vectors of human or animal diseases. Moreover, the metabolism of fat in insects has unique features that could allow the discovery of mechanisms useful for medical and animal sciences, in general. (3001) Sponsors: State of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, National Institutes of Health, OSU Foundation PI/PDs: Jose L Soulages, Estela L Arrese
Novel disinfectant/antiseptic‐selected antimicrobial‐reduced susceptibility mechanism in Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotic‐resistant “golden staph” cause disease in livestock and humans, and cause mastitis in dairy cattle which negatively impacts this industry. Our long term goal is to determine how this pathogen thwarts the action of alcohol and plant antimicrobial essential oils. It is hoped that this research will reveal unique genetic alterations and physiological responses that will help design novel antistaphylococcal agents. In the last year, the laboratory completed a manuscript on the proteomic/metabolomic analysis of tea tree oil reduced susceptibility mutants and isolated ethanol reduced susceptibility mutants which have been subjected to proteomics analysis which is being prepared for interpretation. (3002) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: John Gustafson
β‐lactamases in the multidrug resistance opportunistic bacterial pathogen Elizabethkingia meningosepticasp. Elizabethkingia anophelis, E. meningoseptica and E. miricola are opportunistic human pathogens found everywhere in the environment and are resistant to most available antimicrobial drugs. Elizabethkingia sp. produce multiple β‐lactamase enzymes which are bacterial enzymes that cleave β‐lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, and related antibiotics and thus are a key player in conferring bacterial antibiotic resistance. The goal is to elucidate the mechanism of β‐lactam antibiotic resistance in Elizabethkingia as a potential reservoir of novel β‐lactamase genes. We aim to identify all β‐lactamase genes in E. anophelis, E. meningoseptica and E. miricola and quantitatively characterize the β‐lactam antibiotic substrates and inhibitors for these enzymes. (3003) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Patricia Canaan
Establishing Translational Genomics for Oklahoma Wheat Improvement Agricultural sustainability has become increasingly vulnerable due to unprecedented precipitation deficit and climatic extremes. Understanding how environmental perturbations modulate plant genomes is a key element required for sustainable crop production in this rapidly changing climate. This research aims to uncover genome‐wide chromatin structure changes responding to environmental cues. We hypothesize that plants respond to drought stress through alterations in chromatin structure to regulate transcriptional responses, and this rapid and reversible changes add to rapid acclimation to water stress. The expected outcomes from this study will be impactful for sustainable crop production in this rapidly changing climate. (3011) Sponsor: Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation PI/PDs: Charles Chen, Donald Ruhl
Characterizing the role of serotonin in abiotic stress responses of rice Soil salinity is a major production constraint and even moderate salinity levels can severely impair rice yields. Metabolomic profiles represent a functional readout of cellular biochemistry, thus more closely correlating with the phenotype than the transcriptomics or proteomics. In an effort to identify metabolic basis of salt tolerance in rice, we compared metabolic profiles between salt‐tolerant Pokkali and salt‐sensitive IR29. The results revealed a remarkable increase in serotonin accumulation under salinity in Pokkali. The hypothesis underlying this research is that serotonin accumulation correlates with stress tolerance, thus accumulate in tolerant genotypes. We will address this research by determining serotonin levels in known tolerant and sensitive rice genotypes. Serotonin biosynthesis is controlled by tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) and tryptamine hydroxylase (T5H) in rice. To examine correlations between serotonin accumulation and its biosynthesis, the expression analysis for TDC and T5H genes will be performed under stress conditions. (3044) Sponsors: USDA PI/PD: Ramanjulu Sunkar
Structure‐Function Studies on cytokine signaling key to animal immunity The main goal of this research is to provide detailed molecular basis by which a number of important viral and host proteins function, and to provide important clues on how to design novel anti‐viral regents key to the immunity of livestock animals. The outcome will be helpful for development of treatments and preventions against a number of infectious diseases that target livestock animals and are economically devastating. (3060) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Junpeng Deng
The structure of the integral plant cell wall component, pectin, its interactions with other cell wall polymers, and changes during growth This project will complete structural analysis of the rhamnogalacturonan region of cotton cell wall pectin, determine how the various subsections of pectins associate with each other, characterize crosslinks between pectin and xyloglucan, and characterize the crosslinks between pectin and the cell wall protein, extensin. (3061) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stevens Endowed Chair in Agricultural Biotechnology PI/PD: Andrew Mort
The molecular basis of salt tolerance in rice Rice is the most important crop in the world as measured by the portion of calories provided to the human diet, and has served as a model system for monocots, especially for cereals. The USA is among the top five rice‐exporting countries. Specifically, the states such as the Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Texas produce 20 billion pounds of rice in the United States. Salinity is a major problem in South and South East Asian countries, where rice is commonly grown. Even in the United States, rice‐growing areas in California and Louisiana are severely affected by salinity. Therefore, developing salt tolerant rice varieties is an important goal and understanding the molecular basis of salt tolerance is an important direction in this effort. Rice is endowed with rich genetic diversity including wild species, landraces and mutants. Among diverse salt tolerant rice genotypes, Pokkali (Pok) is highly salt tolerant, therefore, frequently used as a tolerant donor in breeding programs. On the other hand, IR29, a modern high‐yielding cultivar but is salt‐sensitive. Molecular comparisons between salt‐tolerant Pok and salt‐sensitive IR29 can instruct us about the underlying mechanisms Pok uses to adapt to salt stress. A comparative expression profile of genes, proteins and microRNAs under salt stress in these two genotypes will reveal significant information on the genes and gene products that contribute for salt tolerance. This resource will lay strong foundations for future functional genomic studies aimed at improving salt tolerance of rice. The information also has the potential to apply to closely related cereals such as the wheat. (3062) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Ramanjulu Sunkar
Function analysis of HSBP genes in cotton Heat shock proteins (HSP) are protective proteins that are expressed in response to high temperatures and other stresses. Expression of HSP genes is regulated heat shock factors (HSF). HSF activation is attenuated by heat shock factor binding proteins (HSBP) that bind to HSFs and interfere with their activation. Our research in model plants shows that partial silencing of HSBP expression caused increased activation of HSP leading to increased stress tolerance. Our ongoing project is aimed at understanding and exploiting this critical regulatory pathway to increased abiotic stress tolerance in cotton plants to improve the yield and quality of cotton under conditions of high temperature and limited water availability. (3083) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, OCAST PI/PD: Randy Allen
Ribosomes and Translation in Antibiotic‐Tolerant Bacteria Our research is continuing to address the problem of how antibiotic‐tolerant bacteria survive. In the last decade, antibiotic‐resistant bacteria have become a major health problem. Antibiotic‐resistant bacteria frequently emerge in livestock animals, and then transmit their antibiotic‐resistant genes to pathogenic bacteria, causing a variety of chronic diseases in humans. Our long‐term goal is to understand how antibiotics impact bacterial growth and survival by disrupting the activities of ribosomes, higher‐order translation complexes, and ultimately cell physiology. The goal of this HATCH project is to characterize ribosomes from a variety of model and pathogenic bacteria. The assembly states of ribosomes will be profiled from bacterial cells that can tolerate multiple types of clinically important antibiotics. (3096) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Kevin Wilson
BIOSYSTEMS AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Development of Sensing Systems to Detect and Investigate Physical Properties and Particle Forces in Bulk Grain Storage Systems as Related to Safe Product Storage and Handling Grain quality not only has an economic impact on the grain industry, but it may also pose extreme hazards for storage structures and personnel dealing with handling complications when grain goes out of condition. This project will develop a sensing method to estimate forces within the stored grain bulk. Models will be developed to correlate sensor output to grain quality in storage. By estimating forces, new rescue and prevention protocols for grain managers and emergency responders can be developed. This project will also work with experts in force trauma and grain bin entrapment rescue to develop these new protocols. (2920) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agriculture Experiment Station PI/PD: Carol Jones
Development of Advanced Thermochemical Conversion Technology Through Devolatization and Co‐pyrolysis of Biomass Feedstocks with Natural Gas This year, we focused on pyrolysis of eastern redcedar, a native invasive species of Oklahoma. Pyrolysis, thermal conversion of solid biomass into liquid fuel intermediate, solid char and gaseous products, is one promising approach to use redcedar. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of eastern redcedar wood zones (heartwood and sapwood), pyrolysis temperature (450 and 500 °C) and pyrolysis types on distribution and composition of pyrolysis products. In fast pyrolysis conditions, the products were dominated by anhydrous sugars, phenols and guaiacols. The total yield of lignin‐derived compounds from heartwood was higher than sapwood at 500 °C but not significantly different at 450 °C. In slow pyrolysis conditions, acetic acid and furfural were the two most abundant species in bio‐oil. (2921) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Ajay Kumar
Improving Gasification Conversion Systems in the Production of Bioenergy, Biofuels, and Bioproducts The overall goal of this research is to address key issues that limit commercial application of OSU developed biomass gasification technologies. Based on current interest in commercializing the OSU patented downdraft gasifier in a mobile, self‐contained electricity generation unit, we are addressing the key reliability issues in the gasifier scale‐up. These issues include systems control under a wide range of operating conditions, feedstock type and condition, and producer gas cleanup. (2937) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Raymond L. Huhnke
Development of Intelligent Sensing and Control Systems for Field and Laboratory Phenotyping Applications to Enhance Sustainable Crop Production Systems Recently, genomic research has made enormous progress, which revolutionizes conventional plant breeding, resulting in the development of high‐yielding, super‐quality, and sustainable crops. The mega‐genomic data needs to be associated with phenotypic data to better inform breeding strategies, which are still to be collected with conventional time‐consuming, tedious, and often subjective methods. This research aims at developing innovative phenotyping systems to efficiently collect physiological data and conduct quantitative analysis of plant structure, characteristics of specific traits, and their interactions with resources and environments. The outcomes are solutions to bridge the gap between genome and phenome to shorten the overall crop breeding processes. (2963) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA/NIFA PI/PD: Ning Wang
Scaling Micro‐irrigation Technologies to Address the Global Water Challenge Securing adequate supplies of freshwater resources to produce food, feed, and fiber is becoming more challenging for irrigated agriculture as competition over limited freshwater resources grows rapidly. This project investigates effective and affordable hardware and software technologies that agricultural producers can implement to deal with current and emerging challenges in agricultural water management. These technologies include advanced irrigation systems such as sub‐surface drip irrigation and advanced irrigation management using sensor technologies. The findings show that advanced technologies can result in water conservation, while maintaining crop production. (2965) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA‐ARS, Cotton Incorporated PI/PD: Saleh Taghvaeian
Water Treatment and Use in Food Processes The objects of this project are: 1) Identify water treatment and use techniques and equipment that show potential application for the food processing industry of Oklahoma, 2) Develop or implement at least two unique systems of water treatment and use for food processes that can be used by the industry of Oklahoma, 3) Prepare a technical publication and presentation for the techniques identified in objective number two that is intended to result in widespread use of the techniques, and 4) Develop or improve on at least one new method or means of water treatment or use that includes innovative equipment and/or techniques. (2968) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Timothy Bowser
Heterogeneous Biocidal Coatings for Self‐Sterilizing Surfaces Hospital‐acquired infection caused by medical devices is a major healthcare issue in the United States. There is a critical need in public health to develop self‐sterilizing surfaces with effective and prolonged antimicrobial activity. The research objectives are to investigate creation of self‐ sterilizing coatings by vapor‐based deposition. The bacteria adhesion, biofilm formation, antibacterial efficiency, and cell cytotoxicity will be studied to understand the interaction of the engineered surfaces with bacteria and mammalian cells. The research will also identify effective factors that determine the surface antimicrobial activity. The research will result in an environmentally benign and cost‐effective method of creating self‐sterilizing surfaces. (2982) Sponsors: NSF, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Y. Mao
Development of Biological Gas Conversion Technology for Renewable Fuels and Chemicals A crucial step in developing a sustainable biobased economy is establishing viable integrated biorefineries capable of converting biomass feedstocks and industrial wastes into biofuels and biobased chemicals. Gasification‐syngas fermentation is a hybrid conversion process that involves the conversion of biomass, coal and municipal solid wastes to syngas, primarily containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, followed by the fermentation of syngas to chemicals. Technical challenges associated with mass transfer limitations and low productivity should be addressed. This research examines syngas fermentation process development and reactor design and control for the production of alcohols and value added products from biomass. (3005) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA/NIFA PI/PD: Hasan Atiyeh
Using Big Data and the Internet of Things to Manage Tomorrows Agricultural Production Systems The goal of this project is to develop intelligent control systems and sensors to help monitor, optimize, and manage agricultural machinery systems. The big data sets produced by the sensors are processed in a computer‐based learning environment to enact real‐time machine operational decisions. (3070) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA/NIFA PI/PD: Paul Weckler
An Integrated Systems Approach to Water, Food and Energy Nexus An integrated system that will treat wastewater generated during oil and gas production using hydraulic fracturing technology and animal production is designed and optimized. Oklahoma native microalgae strains are being used for remediation of wastewater and biomass production. Water quality before and after algae growth and harvesting is evaluated. Algal biomass grown in wastewater is co‐pyrolyzed with other biomass readily available in Oklahoma, i.e. eastern red cedar and sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment facility, to produce bio‐oil. The process is optimized to minimize energy input while maximizing aromatic hydrocarbons in the produced bio‐oil. (3087) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Nurhan Turgut Dunford
Modeling of Fuel Dynamics and Fire Danger for Wildland Fire Decision Support using Weather, Soil Moisture, and Remote Sensing Basic and applied research is needed to help develop better weather‐based operational systems to serve as decision‐support tools for those who fight wildfires or do prescribed burning. This project focuses on three areas related to wildland fire management: (1) the role of weather, soil moisture, and remote sensing in modeling the temporal dynamics of wildland fuels, including the important live‐to‐dead transition in grassy fuels; (2) the relationship of weather, soil moisture, and other fire danger variables to historical wildfire occurrence in Oklahoma; and (3) the continued development and improvement of OK‐FIRE, Oklahoma's operational system for wildland fire management (http://www.mesonet.org/index.php/okfire). (3101) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: J.D. Carlson
The Science and Engineering for a Biobased Industry and Economy The overall goal of this research is to address key issues that limit the commercial application of a small‐scale, portable electricity generation unit. Issues to be researched include producer gas cleaning and automatic systems control. A low‐technology gas cleaning system will be developed that will result is a gas that can be injected into an internal combustion engine for the production of electrical power. An easy‐to‐use control system will be developed to ensure continuous, reliable systems operations. (3139) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Raymond L. Huhnke
Marketing and Delivery of Quality Grains and BioProcess Coproducts This multistate project investigates and reports research that supports the improved techniques for storing grain and the impact that improved storage has on the economics and marketing of grain. Included in the project are studies in aeration methods, traceability, fumigation economics, sensing/detecting of out of condition grain, and the connection between grain quality and safety. (3140) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Carol Jones
The Science and Engineering for a Biobased Industry and Economy Needs of electricity, fuel and chemicals continue to grow worldwide and are currently met primarily by fossil‐based resources that emit greenhouse gases using underground carbon. At the same time, agricultural biomass and organic wastes continue to get underutilized and degrade to form methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Efficient and economically viable technologies are needed to convert the underutilized biomass and organic wastes into electricity, fuels and chemicals. This project focuses on advancement and analyses of thermochemical conversion technologies. Through this project, we have scaled‐up design of a gasification system to feed 100 kg/h of biomass and wastes, and demonstrated its consistent operation to generate electricity. The power generation unit was evaluated using switchgrass, eastern red cedar and MSW as feedstocks. The results were published in several scientific journal and presented at conferences. (3141) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Ajay Kumar
CENTER FOR VETERINARY HEALTH SERVICES
Regulation of latency‐reactivation cycle by ORF2 and Beta‐catenin/Wnt signaling pathway Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1) is an important cofactor of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), the most important disease in cattle. BoHV‐1 persists in non‐dividing sensory neurons of cattle, thus establishes a life‐long latent infection. Stress causes BoHV‐1 to wake up from latency and grow, a process commonly referred to as reactivation from latency. Studies in this grant are designed to understand how BoHV‐1 prevents infected neurons from dying and allows infected neurons to perform normal functions. A cellular signaling pathway, Wnt/beta‐catenin, is tightly regulated during latency and may inhibit neuronal cell death, which is the focus of additional studies. (2016) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Clinton Jones
Effects of diet, activity, and disease on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer control in equine skeletal muscle The capacity of horse muscle to convert fat and carbohydrates to usable energy will be examined at the cellular level in order to identify key adaptations that lead to athleticism. We will use the same techniques to identify acquired causes of poor performance due to various diseases. (2951) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Michael Davis
Bovine Respiratory Disease: A multicentric approach to understanding pathogenesis and immunity This project is studying bovine respiratory disease from a two‐fold approach. First, we are studying potential intranasal vaccines against Mannheimia haemolytica, which is the major cause of severe Shipping Fever in cattle. Vaccine studies on using recombinant proteins for surface proteins, secreted enzymes, and leukotoxin. Second, we are studying mutant bovine herpesvirus to determine the mechanism of viral reactivation that is seen in outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease that occur late in the feeding period. (3040) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PDs: Anthony W. Confer
ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY
Biology, epidemiology, and integrated management of row and vegetable crop diseases Production of peanuts, winter canola, and vegetable crops in Oklahoma is limited by bacterial and fungal diseases. Spray programs with fungicides or bactericides are often relied upon for disease control. Planting cultivars with genetic resistance is an effective and efficient alternative to pesticide application. This research project, in cooperation with breeding programs in the region, will identify and quantify the benefits of resistance to bacterial spot of pepper, Sclerotinia blight and pod rot of peanuts, and blackleg of canola. Molecular tools will be used to identify genes for virulence in the pathogen that correspond to resistance genes in the crop. (2932) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Soybean Board, Oklahoma Peanut Commission, USDA/ NIFA, and private industry PI/PD: John Damicone
Pest Management in Winter Wheat and Canola in the Central and Southern Plains The effects of natural enemies on pests of wheat and canola continue to be incorporated into IPM programs in the Southern Plains. Project members monitored the distribution and abundance of insect pests of wheat and Canola, refined and validated insect pest sampling plans in wheat and canola, examined dynamic interactions among insect pests, narrow‐ spectrum insecticides, and natural enemies, described the relationship between bird‐cherry oat aphid infestations on wheat germplasm, and described the ecology of aphidophagous natural enemies in simple and diverse wheat/canola agroecosystems. Results will be used to optimize pest management approaches. (2935) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA PI/PD: Kristopher Giles
Insect Transmission of Plant and Human Pathogens to Plants This project focuses on the relationships between insect vectors and plant or human pathogens. One goal of this project is to understand the probing behavior of biting flies using electropenetrography (EPG). EPG waveforms of the Zika virus vector revealed that blood ingestion occurs rapidly during the initial probing process. Vector leafhopper counts in grassland ecosystems in Oklahoma revealed high numbers of several plant pathogen vector species. Genomes and transcriptomes of six leafhopper vectors were sequenced and a leafhopper cell line was developed. Electronic probes were developed for detection of leafhopper vector species in mass insect samples. (2936) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NNF, USDA AFRI, NSF, DODPI PDs: Astri Wayadande, Jacque Fletcher, Justin Talley, Li Ma, Trenna Blagden, Francisco Ochoa Corona University of Illinois: Dmitry Dmitriev, Chris Dietrich Ohio State University: Guoliang Wang, Peter Balint‐Kurti North Carolina State University: Anna Whitfield, Dorith Rotenberg, Tim Sit, Max Scott, Marce Lorenzen, USDA: Bill Schneider, Peg Redinbaugh, Lucy Stewart
Phosphine Resistance, Fumigation Alternatives, and Improved IPM for Stored Grain Insects Research is conducted to detect phosphine resistance, estimate resistance levels, and develop resistance management strategies in stored‐product insect pests. Investigation of biology, ecology, and biological control of stored‐product insect pests is conducted for improved management. Identification, research, and scaling of novel technologies is conducted for improved storage of cereal grains and pulses. (2949) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Almond Board of California, USAID, USDA‐ American Soybean Association’s (ASA) World Initiative for Soy in Human Health (WISHH) Program PI/PDs: George P. Opit USDA ARS CGAHR: Frank Arthur, James Campbell, Paul Armstrong
Detection and diagnostic methods for agricultural biosecurity and forensic plant pathology applications. Research contributes on forensic plant pathology and biosecurity developing decision support tools for prioritization, emergency management, and prediction of biosecurity threats: 1) viruses infecting wheat, cucurbits, ornamentals (roses), waterborne plant viruses and microbes threatening Oklahoma’s Agriculture, 2) methods for regulatory plant health emergencies and microbial forensics (EDNA), 3) develops and adapt technologies for sampling, molecular identification and discrimination of microbial genomic landmarks (EICD). Four scientific articles in refereed journals were published. (2950) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; OSU Office of the Vice President for Research and Technology Transfer; USDA‐CSREES; USDA‐SCRI; ODAFF‐SCGP. USDA‐NIFA‐SCRI. PI/PD: Francisco, Ochoa‐Corona
Biology of Fungi affecting Crop Plants The research investigates the biology and virulence of plant pathogenic fungi affecting Oklahoma’s agricultural and horticultural crops and natural ecosystems. Genomics, molecular and cell biology, and population biology are used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of pathogenic fungi infecting economically important crop plants and model plants. Fungal plant diseases under investigation include: wheat tan spot, switchgrass rust, alfalfa leaf spots, Phymatotrichopsis root rot, onion salmon blotch, bermudagrass spring dead spot, and Botrytis blight. Application of fungi in biofuel feedstock saccharification, biological control of insects, mushroom cultivation, and mycotoxin contamination also are under study. (2971) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, NSF‐EPSCoR, Noble Foundation, ODAFF, OWRF, USDA‐NIFA, DOE PI/PDs: Stephen Marek, Robert Hunger, Carla Garzon, Nathan Walker Noble Foundation: Carolyn Young
Integrated Arthropod Management in Oklahoma’s Grain and Row Crops We will develop sustainable, integrated approaches to arthropod management in wheat, canola, cotton and other row crops grown Oklahoma by: 1) determining the distribution and incidence of established and emerging arthropod pests and their impact on yields using registered and novel insecticides and or new transgenic events, 2) determining effective oversprays for managing Heliothine escapes in transgenic cotton and their impact on yield, 3) developing sampling plans in concordance with current damage thresholds and adjusting them as necessary, and 4) identifying, evaluating, and disseminating IPM tactics in row crops and small grains for producer adoption. (2979) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Cotton Incorporated, USDA NIFA PI/PDs: Tom Royer Plant & Soil Sciences: Seth Byrd
Decontamination of Foodborne Pathogens on Produce by Atmospheric Cold Plasma Decontamination of foodborne pathogens from foods is critical to human health and food industry. Research studies have been conducted during this period that include 1) improving cold plasma actuator design and 2) validating the improved design on inactivation of foodborne pathogen on low‐moisture foods. The results showed that the modified design has significantly improved the inactivation of the pathogens on low moisture foods than original design. Additional studies are ongoing to achieving similar reduction but with shorter treatment times. (2999) Sponsors: USDA National Needs Fellowship Program, OSU Research Foundation, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Li Maria Ma
Development of a User‐friendly, Rapid Scouting Procedure for the Invasive Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari, in Sorghum Since 2013, the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari, has become a devastating pest of sorghum. We propose to develop a sampling protocol and dynamic scouting tool for sugarcane aphid based its seasonal distribution patterns using data collected from sorghum fields in five states. We will validate the scouting tool and integrate it with results of ongoing economic threshold research. Once developed, we will demonstrate the sampling tool through grower meetings and winter crops meetings and assess stakeholder acceptance and impact of its use. (3014) Sponsors: USDA NIFA, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service PI/PDs: Tom Royer USDA ARS: Norman C. Elliott University of Arkansas: Nick Seiter Kansas State University: Brian McCornack Louisiana State University: Sebe Brown Texas A&M Agrilife Research and Extension: Robert Bowling, Allen Knutson
Biology, ecology, and integrated management of turfgrass disorders caused by fungi and nematodes Turfgrasses grown in Oklahoma can be damaged by a variety of diseases and pests. The objectives are to characterize the biology of important turfgrass pathogens and to develop integrated management strategies for these pests. The interaction of a fungal pathogen of bermudagrass and host plant varying in disease susceptibility continues to be investigated. The genomes and transcriptomes of both the host and the fungi are being utilized to study the interaction. Additional efforts include characterization of elicitors responsible for disease and improving genetic disease resistance. Screening of bermudagrass germplasm has expanded to include nematodes and other common soilborne diseases such as root‐decline of warm‐season grasses. Current integrated pest management approaches used for turfgrass continue to be evaluated and modified. (3034) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Nathan Walker, Stephen Marek, Carla Garzon Plant & Soil Sciences: Yanqi Wu
Pest management of fly pests impacting Oklahoma beef production systems Oklahoma is ranked 5th nationally in total cattle inventory and is the largest animal commodity market in within the state. Arthropods associated with the cattle industry have been estimated to cause trillions of dollars in losses nationally to producers annually. Biting flies are considered one of the most important external parasites affecting cattle production. This project will address two broad areas related to biting fly associations to cattle in Oklahoma: 1.) New technologies for management of biting and nuisance flies in beef cattle systems; and 2.) Characterize population biology of biting and nuisance flies. (3036) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Justin Talley
Filling the Gaps in Crop Biosecurity: Training Graduate Leaders in Plant Pathogen Forensics Forensic studies in plant pathology is an important component of agricultural biosecurity. The need to train highly qualified students capable of moving into law enforcement, diagnostics, and intervention positions at borders is constantly present because of the rapid and almost unobstructed entry ways for foreign plant disease agents on imported commodity crops and plant products. To that end, three of the four national needs fellows have been identified and are enrolled as doctoral or master’s students at Oklahoma State University. The graduate student projects are diverse: detection of foodborne pathogens on plants using NGS technologies; study of grape‐infecting viruses and pathways of infection, and development of cereal‐infecting pathogen diagnostic assays. (3037) Sponsor: USDA PIs/PDs: Astri Wayadande, Jacque Fletcher, Li Ma, Francisco Ochoa‐Corona, Carla Garzon, Trenna Blagden
Influence of spatial proximity and fungal sexuality on re‐emergence and evolution of Aspergillus flavus in biological controlled field soils Aspergillus flavus is a food safety concern for several industries. Toxic strains produce varying amounts of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1. We used metatranscriptomic data to infer toxigenicity and community structure of A. flavus in soil in a semi‐quantitative approach. Using e‐probes developed from the 80Kb aflatoxin gene cluster of a highly toxigenic strain (AF70) we assessed metatranscriptomic toxin gene expression and toxigenic/atoxigenic strain ratios. The technique has the potential to replace current methods and significantly reduce time to assess prevalence of toxigenic/atoxigenic population mixtures in soils. This method can help aflatoxin management programs determine optimum timing for biological control applications. (3047) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Kitty Cardwell
Extracellular Signal Transduction of Insect Immunity by Serine Proteases Manduca sexta peptidoglycan recognition protein‐1 (PGRP1) and microbe binding protein interact with peptidoglycans and hemolymph protease‐14 (HP14) precursor to generate active HP14. HP14 triggers a serine protease cascade to produce active phenoloxidase, Spätzle and other cytokines to stimulate antimicrobial protein synthesis. To understand why PGRP1 binds preferentially to diaminopimelic acid‐peptidoglycans, we produced PGRP1 in insect cells, crystallized the protein, and determined its structure at a resolution of 2.1 Å. The protein adopts a fold similar to those of other PGRPs with a classical L‐shaped peptidoglycan‐binding groove. A unique loop lining the shallow groove suggests a different ligand‐binding mechanism. (3054) Sponsor: National Institute of Health PI/PD: Haobo Jiang
Optimizing Wheat Production by Genetic Disease Resistance and Fungicide Use to Control Foliar Disease Approximately 24,240 seedlings and adult plants were rated in greenhouse testing to determine the reaction of 850 Oklahoma wheat breeder lines to leaf rust, powdery mildew and tan spot. Reaction of these lines to the wheat soil‐borne mosaic/wheat spindle streak mosaic complex also was determined in field testing. The compilation of these results facilitated selection of lines to advance toward release as a commercial variety, four of which were released in 2018. Other research to demonstrate the value of a foliar fungicide to manage wheat foliar diseases was ruined by inclement weather in spring 2019. (3065) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation, Chemical Companies PI/PDs: Robert M. Hunger, Kris Giles Plant & Soil Sciences: Brett Carver, Liuling Yan USDA‐ARS, Stillwater, OK: Xiangyang Xu
Biological Control of Arthropod Pests and Weeds The major goal of this project is to characterize, evaluate and incorporate the impact of biocontrol agents and other beneficial insects into integrated pest management programs. Specifically, project members are describing the spatial and temporal patterns of aphid parasitism and pollination in agriculture landscapes of the Southern Plains, investigating interactions between host‐plant resistance in winter wheat and aphid parasitism, and developing management programs that integrate bio‐rational insecticides, host‐plant resistance, and conservation biological control. (3075) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA PI/PD: Kristopher Giles
Ecology, Biology, and Management of Wood‐Destroying Subterranean Termites Termite effects on soil characteristics, fertility, and metabolic gases are being studied on grassland. Above‐ground insect diversity studies on a tallgrass prairie are underway. Termite densities and foraging activity in salvage‐harvest, re‐planted biochar‐enhanced soils on a mixed conifer high mountain forest are being evaluated. Morphology of damp‐wood termites from mountain forests, and termite‐ant co‐location on a high‐plains plateau are being evaluated. Studies of termite foraging behavior on a sage‐steppe mountain habitat are being published. Experimental Use Permit studies with new technology termiticide injection equipment are continuing. Termiticide distribution in aggregate foundation fills, and effectiveness of new formulations are being published. (3084) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Brad Kard
Ecological and social determinants and management of arthropod‐borne diseases of public and veterinary health in South Central United States This project continues to understand the underlying determinants involved in the transmission and ecology of tick/mosquito‐borne diseases in Oklahoma. Specific projects include ecological studies of medically important tick and mosquito species. The project has continued to focus on how invasive plant species in the Great Plains are contributing to the spread of vector‐borne disease in the region. Additionally, we are highlighting what cattle producers in the region know about ticks and tick‐borne pathogens. Continuing studies are developing low‐cost diagnostic tools for tick‐borne pathogens and focusing on identifying factors involved in the increased incidence of tick‐borne disease across the state. (3085) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Bruce Noden
Molecular and applied aspects of fungicide hormesis in fungi and oomycetes Current research focuses on effects of sublethal‐doses of fungicides on fungal pathogens of onion, grape and ornamentals, and on fluorescent transformants of the same strains. The range of doses at which a selected fungicide induced growth stimulation in vitro was assessed on plant tissues. Lesion measurements and fluorescent microscopy were utilized to compare responses to inhibitory and stimulatory doses, using a fungicide‐free control as reference. Wild and transformed strains displayed significant growth stimulation (hormesis). Maximum stimulatory doses (MSD) were identified. Differential gene expression assays are in progress. An article on fungicide hormesis of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa was published. (3095) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, ODAFF PI/PDs: Carla Garzon, Stephen Marek, Nathan Walker, Hassan Melouk.
A field deployable Rapid Anaplasma Detection (RAD) kit for screening three Anaplasmaspecies infecting livestock A USDA‐NIFA‐AFRI Seed project that focuses on detecting three major blood‐borne diseases (Anaplasma marginale, A. phagocytophilum, and A. ovis) that affect cattle and sheep worldwide. To date, there is a commercially available test provided by certified diagnostic veterinary laboratories to test cattle blood for bovine anaplasmosis. The goal of this project will be to develop a develop a specific and sensitive field‐deployable Rapid Anaplasma Detection (RAD) kit for the economical, large scale, and rapid screening of livestock (mainly cattle and sheep) that is low cost, easy‐to‐use and accurate for the detection of three Anaplasma species. (3097) Sponsor: National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Bruce Noden
Fly Management in Animal Agriculture Systems and Impacts on Animal Health and Food Safety Biting and nuisance flies are among the most important pests in livestock and poultry production systems. These flies are responsible for damage and control costs in excess of a billion dollars per year in the United States. In addition to the direct damage these flies inflict upon livestock, their presence as a byproduct of confined livestock and poultry operations has been repeatedly cited as a nuisance, especially when flies enter the vicinity of human habitations. Successful completion of this project will provide a better understanding of the interactions between livestock production systems and the life cycles of pestiferous flies. (3110) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Justin Talley, Astri Wayadande, Bruce Noden
Ecological and genetic diversity of soilborne pathogens and indigenous microflora Progress was made on the two objectives of the multi‐state project. Objective#1. Pythium and Phytophthora isolates from ornamental crops were identified to species by DNA sequencing. DNA sequence and SNP analyses were conducted to assess species diversity, and to compare populations of P. irregulare from chrysanthemum and dahlia, crops grown outdoors and indoors respectively, isolated from the same facility. Significant differences were found. Also, signature sequence (e‐probes) datasets were developed and validated in silico for metagenomics based diagnostics of oomycetes, including regulated Phytophthora species. Objective#2. Fungicide hormesis was studied in Fusarium. Significant stimulation of the pathogen was observed in planta. (3118) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA‐ARS, APHIS. PI/PD: Carla Garzon
ROBERT M. KERR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Development of Value‐Added Products from Food Industry Waste Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG) is a processing waste generated in large quantities by the brewing industry. It is estimated that over 38 million tons of BSG is produced worldwide each year, and is usually used as animal feed, composted, or thrown into landfills. BSG contains valuable nutritional components, including protein, fiber, and antioxidants, but has seen limited use in food products for human consumption. The goal of this project is to develop a snack chip product utilizing significant quantities of BSG that reduces the robust flavor of the spent grain and embraces the texture promoted by the barley. (3086) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Danielle Bellmer Impacts of Changing Food Safety Policies and Product Verification Strategies on the Production and Marketing of Food and Fiber Products Work was conducted on a project estimating the values consumers place on food safety labels on fresh produce. The work examines the impacts of Food Safety Modernization Act requirements on consumers’ perceptions of FSMA‐compliant and FSMA‐exempt fresh produce. Research was also performed on the food required and acquired by SNAP participant households relative to non‐SNAP households, with an emphasis on USDA efforts to promote the purchase and consumption of more healthy foods by SNAP participants. (3088) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI: Rodney B. Holcomb
Promoting the Food Safety of Fruit and Vegetable‐Based Foods and Evaluating the Processing Potential of Oklahoma Produced and/or Processed Specialty Crops The goal of this research project is to assist Oklahoma's fruit and vegetable processors to produce high‐value products that are innovative, healthy, and safe. Current efforts are focused on evaluating the processing and quality characteristics of Rubaiyat grapes, a variety of wine grape not currently grown commercially in Oklahoma, as well as on developing a novel high‐ protein, peanut‐based product enhanced with probiotic bacterial cultures. Our overall goal is to create new food products and expand markets for food producers and processors. (3089) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: William McGlynn
Detection, Characterization, and Inhibition of Foodborne Pathogens, Toxins, and/or Spoilage Microorganisms This project involves the detection, isolation, and characterization of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in food and food processing environments. The purpose is to reduce the incidence, survival, and/or proliferation of pathogenic (or spoilage) microorganisms in food using physical (thermal processes), chemical (antimicrobials, nitrite for spore inhibition), or biological interventions (bacteriocins, bacteriophage). Although pathogens are of strong concern to food manufacturers, perhaps nothing presents as much a day‐to‐day problem as do losses resulting from spoilage organisms (and addressing spoilage organisms inadvertently also addresses pathogens as well). This may involve genetic analysis, differentiation, and rapid detection methods in the characterization of problem pathogens/spoilage organisms in order to better understand them so that interventions may be better applied. Studies may also involve the use of nonpathogenic ‘surrogate’ microorganisms that can take the place of pathogenic strains so that intervention strategies may be examined directly in working food processing environments. (3090) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Peter Muriana
Rheological and Sensorial Properties of Grain Products Studies are underway on the rheological and sensorial properties of cereal and non‐cereal grains. Dough and wet gluten isolated from the dough using creep‐recovery and compression recovery tests, and other empirical tests routinely used by the milling and baking industry is being evaluated through sensory analyses with such tests as descriptive analysis with trained panelists, and consumer panel tests with untrained panelists. Added ingredients normally used in the baking industry that enhance shelf life, slice ability, and bioactive ingredients that deliver other value‐added reported health and nutritive benefits are being tested under the gluten and non‐gluten conditions. The grains selected are from new varieties brought to market and those that represent older varieties and ancient grains. The expectation is that there may be varieties that function with better rheological and sensorial properties that would allow them to be selected for the commercial market as single‐variety flours. (3091) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI: Patricia Rayas‐Duarte
Development and Evaluation of Effective Intervention Strategies to Reduce the Occurrence of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli and their Biofilms in the Food Industry Effectiveness of chemical sanitizers and bacteriophages in disrupting E. coli biofilms on food‐ contact surfaces was evaluated. Chlorine, peracetic‐acid, sodium‐acid‐sulfate, or phages (individual and cocktails), were used. Biofilms were allowed to form on polystyrene, stainless‐ steel and high‐density‐polyethylene surfaces. Phages effectively reduced biofilms on all the surfaces and reduced E. coli populations. Phage cocktails showed higher reductions in pathogen populations within the biofilms after 16 h. (3098) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI: Divya Jaroni
HORTICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Investigations of Turfgrass Drought Resistance Turfgrasses and other landscape plants serve an important role in society, yet improvements could be made to develop drought resistant turfgrass varieties and increase turf grass water use efficiency in Oklahoma. The goal of this project is to promote urban environmental sustainability and efficient use of water through the development, commercialization, marketing, and use of drought resistant bermudagrass varieties for Oklahoma and the U.S. transition zone and to increase knowledge pertaining to bermudagrass drought resistance. The objectives of this project are to: 1.) Test and select several experimental bermudagrass genotypes for improved drought resistance; and 2.) Further the understanding of bermudagrass abiotic stress tolerance or resistance through transcriptomics. (2923) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Justin Moss
Improving production practices for ornamental plants and developing new plants for the industry through hybridization, propagation, and evaluation Controlled environment production is a 16 million dollar industry in Oklahoma. To improve production efficiency and plant quality in greenhouses, nondestructive optical chlorophyll sensors are being utilized to evaluate nitrogen status in potted greenhouse crops. Sampling procedures and influence of other nutrients have been found to influence success of correlating reading with nutrient status. Tensiometers are being used for precision irrigation to control water use and fertilizer use in greenhouse production. Plant quality is improved while reducing input costs of fertilizer using this no leach approach. Lastly, results from the effects of fertilizer, LED lighting, and supplemental carbon dioxide on yield of vegetables in NFT and Dutch bucket hydroponic systems are being published. (2924) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food & Forestry PI/PD: Bruce Dunn
Postharvest Handling and Processing Systems for New and Conventional Horticultural Commodities The research develops postharvest handling and quality analysis procedures necessary for new crop/new use production/harvesting/processing systems to provide alternatives for Oklahoma producers and food processors. Quality of Oklahoma grown hydroponic lettuce is being assessed in terms of bitterness (sesquiterpene lactones) and sweetness (soluble sugars) and possible conditions to improve flavor (reduced bitterness/increased sweetness) are being explored. Pecan cultivars and native populations are being assessed for potential variability of quantities of key nutritional compounds in various Oklahoma locations. Gamma tocopherol and beta‐sitosterol are targeted for putative activity against diabetes and squalene is targeted for sunburn protection. Eastern red cedar harvesting, extraction and purification technologies are being developed for podophyllotoxin as a medical ingredient. Scale‐up studies may assist development of a new use for this invasive species. (2926) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Niels Maness
Integrated Resource Management Systems for Turfgrass Culture in Oklahoma Testing in 2019 found Kentucky bluegrasses with improved summer patch disease resistance. Very little differences in brown patch fungal disease resistance was found amongst commercial and experiment lines of turf‐type tall fescues in 2019. Testing of advanced OSU turf‐type bermudagrasses continued in 2019. One new national bermudagrass trial was planted in 2019. Five research trials were destroyed by flooding of the OSU Botanic Garden Station in spring of 2019. Destroyed trials included those of St. Augustinegrass, seashore paspalum, bermudagrass and zoysiagrass due to erosive forces of fast‐moving water and a curly mesquite grass collection due to repeated submersions. (2990) Sponsors: United States Golf Association, Oklahoma Golf Course Superintendents Association, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, Specialty Crops Research Initiative – National Institute for Food and Agriculture PI/PDs: Dennis Martin, Justin Moss, Charles Fontanier Plant & Soil Sciences: Yanqi Wu, Entomology & Plant Pathology: Nathan Walker Texas A&M University: Ambika Chandra, Ben Wherley University of Georgia: Brian Schwartz, Paul Raymer North Carolina State University: Susana Milla‐Lewis and Grady Miller University of Florida: Kevin Kenworthy Turfgrass Selection and Management for Sustainability in a Multi‐stress Environment This project will improve on limitations of existing turfgrasses through screening of new experimental bermudagrasses and zoysiagrasses for improved shade tolerance and drought resistance. Newly developed varieties from breeding programs across the southern region will be planted in the field under shaded environments, and the best performing plants advanced for further screening of other traits. (3039) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Charles Fontanier
Reducing tillage and improving soil quality for Oklahoma vegetable production The project evaluated summer and winter cover crops for soil improvement for cool and warm season vegetable crops. Part of the project evaluated new herbicides on pepper and direct seeding for establishment of pepper crops. Herbicide data will be shared with IR‐4, agriculture chemical companies, Oklahoma Department of Agriculture Food and Forestry, and EPA. Cultivar trials included replicated trials with cabbage, cauliflower, cowpea, pumpkin, and an observational trial for radish. Other replicated trials included mulch studies with okra and tomato. Trial results will be available in the 2018 Vegetable Trial Report MP‐164 available on‐ line at: http://www.hortla.okstate.edu/research‐and‐outreach/research/vegetable‐trial‐ reports. (3068) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Lynn Brandenberger Horticulture & Landscape Architecture: Niels Maness Entomology & Plant Pathology: John Damicone Plant & Soil Science: Hailin Zhang, Misha Manuchehri, Tyson Ochsner
COLLEGE OF HUMAN SCIENCES
Interactions of Individual, Family, Community, and Policy Contexts on the Mental and Physical Health of Diverse Rural Low‐Income Families The objectives of this project are 1) analyze quantitative and qualitative data to explore factors that create barriers or enhance the physical and mental health of diverse rural low‐income families; 2) to understand the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on rural low‐income families; and 3) to disseminate findings. The research team collected data related to the home environment, but did not fully explore the connection between the home and health. Therefore, the goal of this research is to further analyze data and explore the relationship between housing and health. (3018) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Gina Peek
Role of Zinc and Zinc Transporter Gene ZIP12 in Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Disorders This project seeks to identify factors such as nutrients and nutrient metabolism genes that prevent neurodegeneration or premature aging of the brain is critical for maintaining a healthy Oklahoma population. Our findings show that ZIP12 is important for reducing superoxide generation and oxidative damage. We have also determined that resilience to mutations associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. In light of recent studies showing that polymorphisms in ZIP12 lead to brain MRI differences in human subjects, the studies from this project support a possible role for zinc and ZIP12 in preventing neurodegeneration. (3053) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Winyoo Chowanadisai
Human Nutrition, Health and Consumer Issues The purpose of this project is to manage funds awarded to Human Sciences’ faculty investigators who are supported by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station for the purpose of exploring novel approaches to current issues related to human nutrition and health, as well as safety and consumer issues. (3074) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Christine Johnson
Role of the Anti‐Inflammatory Interleukin‐10 in Attenuating Obesity and Insulin Resistance Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are all major health issues in the US. In 2015, 30.3 million Americans (9.4%) had diabetes and another 84.1 million had pre‐diabetes. Chronic inflammation produced by activated immune cells damage many tissues and is implicated in the development of obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and T2D. This study is investigating the role of the anti‐inflammatory molecule interleukin (IL)‐10 in the development of IR in IL‐10 knock‐out mice. Our findings will demonstrate the role of IL‐10 in obesity and IR and help develop prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the impact of these conditions. (3104) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Edralin Lucas
Anti‐Inflammatory Properties of Interleukin‐10: A Novel Target to Mitigate Age‐related Osteosarcopenia The decline in muscle and bone, a condition known as osteosarcopenia, begins in the 4th decade of life. It has significant consequences on health due to the decline in strength, endurance, and risk for chronic disease. Components of the immune system have the capacity to protect against these age‐related, musculoskeletal changes. The aim of this project is to determine: 1) how the anti‐inflammatory effects of IL‐10 protect against osteosarcopenia and the influence of the Western diet on this response; and 2) whether the immunomodulatory effects of short chain fatty acids on T cells within the gut can counter this response. (3105) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Brenda Smith
Developing Synergistic Approaches to Healthy Weight in Childhood through Positive Relationships, Diet Quality and Physical Activity As an active member of both the research and extension working groups, the investigator contributed to the following: (1) To identify successful synergistic approaches to healthy weight in children from the child obesity research literature, the research working group registered protocol for “Parental/caretaker involvement in diet or physical activity interventions to prevent childhood obesity: an umbrella review” PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018095360, selected studies for inclusion, completed quality assessment of included studies, and is finishing data extraction. (2) To identify successful synergistic approaches in extension, the extension working group reviewed and adapted existing tools and has piloted the resulting evaluation tool. (3117) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Laura Hubbs‐Tait
Nutrient Bioavailability ‐ Phytonutrients and Beyond This project is to determine the bioavailability of bioactive components, such as xanthophylls from salmons, peach, and watermelon in mouse models. We also will determine the efficacy and mechanisms of action of these compounds in promoting gut health, inflammation, obesity and diabetes, through omics and biochemical approaches. (3120) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Daniel Lin
NATURAL RESOURCE ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
Increasing water yield and quality through an integrated woody and herbaceous biofuel feedstock production system An opportunity exists in the Great Plains to supply feedstock for a vibrant cellulosic biofuel industry while also enhancing ecosystems services, in particular, water supply. This research will determine the impact of harvesting eastern redcedar on water yield at the watershed scale, as compared to recovering and intact native grasslands. It will also determine how planting switchgrass after eastern redcedar harvest affects water quantity and quality and compare to recovering and intact native grasslands. (2892) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA AFRI PI/PD: Rodney E. Will, Jr.
Combining Field Studies & Quantitative Reviews of Existing Data to Improve Understanding of Direct Human‐caused Wildlife Mortality This research seeks to: 1) estimate abundance, density, and the factors influencing density, of populations of free‐ranging domestic cats, 2) identify correlates of mortality rates for bird‐ building collisions and for bird and bat collisions with wind turbines and estimate the amount of total mortality, along with taxonomic patterns of vulnerability, caused by bat collisions with wind turbines at national, regional, and state (including Oklahoma) scales, and 3) assess how biases inherent in conducting dead bird and bat surveys and applying statistical estimators to fatality counts influence estimates of local mortality rates, mortality rate correlates, and regional and national mortality. (2915) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit PI/PD: Scott R. Loss Silviculture of Forest and Woodland Communities in Oklahoma in Relation to Productivity and Water Use Loblolly pine is the most important commercial tree species in the United States and the world. While extensive pine plantation research has focused on maximizing productivity through the addition of nutrients and control of competing vegetation, less is known regarding the potential impact of changes in climate on southern pine productivity and how reduced precipitation may interact with nutrient availability. To address this issue, we will determine the effects of reduced water availability and increased nutrient availability on loblolly pine plantation growth, carbon sequestration, water use and physiology by measuring plantation response to a 30% decrease in throughfall and fertilization. (2929) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Rodney E. Will, Jr.
Improving Oklahoma Rangelands through Understanding Above‐ and Below‐ground Linkages The research project will examine above‐ and belowground linkages of rangeland ecosystems with a goal of improving rangeland quality throughout Oklahoma, the central U.S., and worldwide. Specifically, this project includes 3 major objectives to further assess: 1) ecosystem level implications of woody plant encroachment, 2) sustainable management for biofuel production, and 3) successful restoration following invasion by non‐native grasses. (2930) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Gail Wilson
Vegetation and Land Use Impact on Vadose Soil Moisture Dynamics and Groundwater Recharge in Oklahoma Rapid change in land cover in the southern Great Plains has revitalized interest in managing land cover for water supply. The goal of this project is to assess the effects of vegetation types on soil moisture dynamic and groundwater recharge potential in upland ecosystems. Specific objectives include: 1) quantify soil moisture for the rooting zone under three contrasting vegetation types ‐ grassland, post oak dominated deciduous forest and juniper woodland with the same precipitation input, 2) monitor the level of water table and evaluate interflow under different vegetation types and their seasonal variations, and 3) assess long‐term water efflux out of the rooting zone using chloride mass balance ‐ proximity for recharge potential. (2931) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Chris Zou
Conservation of Rangelands and Wildlife on a Changing Landscape If native rangelands are to fully meet the expectations of society, it will require fundamental and substantial change in the principles of the discipline of rangeland management, and ultimately to its application at the landscape level. Objectives have been developed that will evaluate the relative importance of several of the principles over the next several years. Specific objectives include: 1) evaluate the response of economically and ecologically important wildlife populations to heterogeneous landscapes as influenced by agricultural management, fire, energy development and global change, and 2) evaluate vegetation responses as fuel for fires, forage for livestock and habitat for important wildlife populations to agricultural management, fire, energy development and global change. (2954) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Samuel Fuhlendorf
Enhancing Fish Production in Reservoirs Through Improved Sampling Methods and Fisheries Management Techniques The overall goal of this research is to provide knowledge necessary for the wise management of sportfish populations in lake and reservoir systems in Oklahoma and throughout the United States. (3004) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department PI/PD: Daniel E. Shoup
Assessments of Landscape Function for Native Oklahoma Birds The overriding objective of this project is to provide information that can be used by stakeholders to assess the ability of landscapes to support select native bird species. In some applications, the focus will be on specific species of conservation priority, for others the information will be folded into a broader community analysis to model overall ecosystem integrity for entire landscapes and ecoregions. (3007) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, OSU Department of Integrative Biology, Oaks and Prairies Joint Venture PI/PD: Timothy J. O’Connell
Conservation of Wildlife in Fire‐dependent Rangelands The general objective of this project is to examine the response of wildlife populations, predominantly avian species, to landscape changes at multiple spatial and temporal scales in shrub‐dominated rangelands in western Oklahoma. Specifically, this project will be focused on examining the impact of both long‐term and short‐term land‐use changes at multiple scales to guide conservation strategies for imperiled species such as northern bobwhite and lesser prairie chickens, as well as other wildlife. (3008) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service PI/PD: Craig A. Davis
Status, Distribution, and Ecology of Black Bears in Eastern Oklahoma The overall objective of this research is to provide information on the recently re‐established black bear populations in Oklahoma that will provide a scientific basis for their management and contribute to a broader understanding of the ecological and anthropogenic effects on black bear populations. (3009) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, USDA Forest Service, Ouachita National Forest, Tulsa Zoo PI/PD: W. Sue Fairbanks
Functional Diversity and Resilience in Oklahoma Forests The overarching goal of this research is to identify forest management practices that enhance the resilience of forest plant communities to unplanned disturbances. This work will help to bridge the gap between ecological mechanisms that affect resilience, and management practices that are based upon these concepts. (3015) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Bryan Murray
An Assessment of Opportunities and Obstacles Associated with Alternative Land Management Practices in Oklahoma The objective of this research is to explore stakeholder opinions and concerns concerning alternative land management practices that support a better state of the Cross‐timbers region, a large and relatively intact ecosystem stretching from southern Kansas through central Oklahoma and into Texas. (3042) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Omkar Joshi
Report of Research Efforts Related to Fisheries, Forestry, Rangeland and Wildlife Resources in the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management This project will coordinate the reporting of research efforts by first year tenure‐track and non‐ tenure track faculty not associated with individual Hatch and McIntire‐Stennis projects. These research projects explore novel approaches to current issues related to natural resources, ecology, and conservation issues in the areas of fisheries, forestry, rangeland and wildlife resources. (3051) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: R. James Ansley
Impacts of the Thermal Environment on Galliformes The primary goal of this research is to expand our current understanding of habitat for Galliformes in the southern Great Plains. Specifically, we will address what constitutes cover for greater prairie‐chickens and wild turkey by gaining insight into how these birds relate to temperature variation on the landscape and how this variation is related to vegetation structure and composition. Data from this project will enable land managers to make informed decisions that account for the full habitat requirements of our target species and help to ensure resiliency in the face of climate change. (3056) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation PI/PD: R. Dwayne Elmore
Effects of Management and Climate Variability on Productivity and Value for Different Mixes of Timber, Cattle Grazing, and Wildlife The ultimate goal of this project is to facilitate sustainable management of the forest‐grassland ecotone for different combinations of objectives such as timber, grazing, and wildlife habitat based on recent conditions and to adapt management to mitigate the negative effects of future drought and potential climate change. (3073) Sponsors: USDA NIFA, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Rodney E. Will, Jr., Omkar Joshi, Chris Zou
Wood Composites Manufactured from Eastern Redcedar Using Modfied Starch as Binder Manufacturing wood composite panels is a viable potential to add value to Eastern redcedar, an invasive and otherwise underutilized species in Oklahoma. In addition, this project will investigate using starch, a green adhesive, in the manufacturing process. (3094) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Salim Hiziroglu
Developing Mycorrhiza Smart Agriculture: Linking Crop Production and Nutrition with Beneficial Soil Fungi Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi increase host‐plant nutrient and water uptake while enhancing soil quality, presenting an opportunity to address food production challenges, such as resource‐use efficiency. This project’s goal is to develop Mycorrhiza Smart Agriculture by examining how plant genetics, farm management, and soil amendments influence AM fungal abundance, diversity, and benefits in agroecosystems. (3144) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Adam Cobb
PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES
Developing New Soil Moisture Mapping and Upscaling Approaches for Large‐scale in situ Networks We published a research paper describing our prototype high‐resolution soil moisture mapping system for the state of Oklahoma (http://soilmoisture.okstate.edu/). This system automatically creates daily half‐mile resolution maps of soil moisture at three depths based on data from the Oklahoma Mesonet, the National Weather Service, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. The mapping routine developed here helps meet urgent needs because researchers from around the globe are increasingly relying on soil moisture data from in situ networks to improve a wide array of hydrologic and weather models as well as satellite‐based soil moisture retrievals. (2918) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Tyson Ochsner
Soil Health in Soil Conservation Management Systems Much of Oklahoma's soil resources are degraded due to a century of tillage and the resulting loss of topsoil. With this loss of topsoil, soil organic matter and nutrients have been lost as well as the healthy biological and physical characteristics of the native soil system. This project is aimed at identifying production systems that provide economically viable alternatives to conventional production that result in improved soil health through utilization of no‐till management and improvements in crop diversity. This effort will focus but not be limited to the extensive integrated crop/livestock production complex currently dominated by dual purpose wheat grazed by cattle. This project also utilizes long‐term no‐till rotations currently in place to assess soil health. It uses newly established research plots to evaluate crop/livestock production systems that promote diversity and crop health while providing economically viable alternatives to the monoculture/conventional wheat based system. This project improves the diversity of cropping systems in the region, thereby making them more resilient to drought and economic volatility while improving soil health. (2938) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Jason Warren, Hailin Zhang, Brian Arnall
Increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Oklahoma Winter Wheat via the 4R's This project was initiated in the fall of 2014 and completed in the fall of 2019. During the five years of the project all four aspect of the 4’R Nitrogen Management Approach, which is the Right Source, Right Rate, Right Place and Right Time, were evaluated and recommendations produced. Some quite novel such as the use of a grain drill to apply nitrogen (N) in‐season while the wheat is growing. The final year of the project focused on, Right Time. The findings were that the grain yields and protein concentration from pre‐plant N was never better than in‐ season applied N. The take home message from this project were: 1) pre‐plant may be cheaper and easier but it often falls short of in‐season applications, 2) that there is no reason to rush nitrogen application. The application window is much wider than most ever expected and the closer we get to peak demand the better the yield and quality will likely be. And 3) the application of N should be made when the conditions are the most conducive to limiting losses. (2946) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Brian Arnall
Effect of Management Practices on Soil Microbial Community and Enzyme Activity in Relation to Ecosystem Health and Function The crucial role of soil microflora and enzyme activities in maintaining sustainable agricultural production is well recognized. Research progress is hindered by the lack of effective detection methods in the complex soil system and the vastly unknown microbes reside within. We are making progress in standardizing methods in the detection of enzyme and microbial activities for valid data comparison and interpretation. Last year, we have developed two new methods for assaying enzyme activities in soil. We continue to explore new methods and improve existing assay methods to advance soil enzymology and knowledge of environmental microbiology. (2953) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PIs: Shiping Deng, William Raun, Hailin Zhang
Hand Planter for the Developed and the Developing World The most widely sold active NDVI sensor in the world is manufactured by Trimble Navigation and that was developed at Oklahoma State University. The OSU “hand‐held crop sensor” has further altered the precision agriculture landscape by making this technology available and affordable for the entire world. Optimizing fertilizer N for yield and grain protein is an option using the OSU NDVI sensor. Producers using the OSU approach have taken place with the OSU Hand Planter. Rotary Chapters in Oklahoma, Nebraska, Nigeria, and Uganda have generated funding that will deliver these planters to third world farmers in need of sustainable production methods that are sensitive to the marginal landscapes they farm. The OSU planter delivers improved human safety by removing chemically treated seeds from producer hans. Instructional videos and patents that delineate this technology are live on the OSU web site. (2955) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Bill Raun
Understanding the STF Transcriptional Network in Lamina Outgrowth in Medicago truncatula. Leaf blade is the primary photosynthetic organ that captures solar energy and produce sugar for heterotrophic organisms. The objective of this project is to understand the mechanism of leaf blade expansion to be able to improve biomass yield by increasing photosynthetic surface area. Previously, we identified STENOFOLIA (STF) as a key positive regulator of leaf blade development in the WUSCHEL‐related homeobox (WOX) family of transcriptional regulators. We recently identified that STF directly represses another WOX gene, MtWOX9‐1. MtWOX9‐1 is a negative regulator of leaf blade development. Current experiments are focused in understanding how STF controls MtWOX9‐1 to maintain proper leaf size. (2956) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Million Tadege Developing and Improving Bioenergy Crop Models Crop models can reduce the costs involved in conducting field experiments by identifying key treatments and by extrapolating results to other regions and environmental conditions. Morphological and physiological, growth, and yield traits in response to environmental factors (temperature and water) collected were analyzed for multiple species (forage sorghum, grain sorghum, and soybean) during this year. Algorithms and modules were develop to improve existing or create new crop models. Experiments were conducted in growth chamber, green house, and field facilities to derive the data sets needed for developing and improving models. Algorithm development and model validation is ongoing as part of this program. A web based interface modeling interface was developed that can be implemented from producer to policy maker. (2969) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Warth Professorship, NSF, USDA PI/PDs: Gopal Kakani, Ray Huhnke
Pasture, Turf, and Biofuel Grass Breeding and Genetics Research Perennial grasses used in pasture and turf plantings are economically, environmentally, and societally important. The main goal of this project is to develop new cultivars bred for improvements in forage yield and quality, turfgrass quality, adaptation, and other selected performance traits (seed yield, abiotic and biotic stress resistance). This involves collecting, evaluating, enhancing germplasm of selected grass species, and elucidating reproductive behavior and genetic variation. The development and use of SSR and SNP markers and new molecular systems is one of the current focused research. Our recent releases ‘Latitude 36’, ‘Northbridge’, and ‘Tahoma 31’ bermudagrass were expanded for commercial turf use in 2019. (2972) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, U.S. Golf Association, USDA, Meibergen Family Endowed Professorship, Oklahoma Turf Research Foundation, NSF and Sun Grant Initiative PI/PDs: Yanqi Wu Horticulture and Landscape Architecture: Dennis Martin, Justin Moss, Charles Fontanie Entomology & Plant Pathology: Nathan Walker
Soil, Water, and Environmental Physics across Scales Research in this project is helping to develop and evaluate new instruments and analytical methods to improve our understanding of mass and energy transport in the vadose zone at different scales. We developed a new method for estimating drainage rates from the root zone using deep soil moisture data and a simple hydrologic model. We prepared a manuscript describing the results of this research and the paper has recently been published in Vadose Zone Journal. Key outcomes of this project were advances in scientific knowledge on estimating drainage rates from the root zone using long‐term in situ soil moisture data. (2973) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Tyson Ochsner
Functional Genomics of Leaf Architecture and Seed Development in Chickpea. Chickpea is an important source of dietary protein and other nutrients for a healthy diet, and maintains soil fertility through symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We used fast neutron mutagenesis to generate a genomics research resource for understanding the molecular mechanism of leaf and seed development to ultimately enable manipulation of yield productivity. Over the last few years, we generated approximately 3,000 M2 deletion mutant lines, which will be a key resource for dissecting plant developmental and physiological programs. We are screening this population to identify specific mutants altered in leaf morphology and seed size. (2980) Sponsor: USDA‐NIFA‐AFRI PI/PD: Million Tadege
Enhancing Oklahoma cropping systems through the adoption of a genotype by management by environmental (GxMxE) approach Historically, wheat has been the primary focus of production systems in Oklahoma. However, long‐term continuous wheat has led to stagnant yields with diminishing quality. Integrating other crops into these production systems has been met with many challenges, including environmental restraints, lack of management knowledge, and local resistance to change. These challenges can be overcome with better knowledge of the systems. In 2019, the primary focus has been on 1) improving the management of double‐crop production systems in Oklahoma, and 2) evaluating/understanding the potential benefits of cover crops in Oklahoma (3021). Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Josh Lofton
Improving the sustainability and climate resilience of crop and grazing systems in the Southern Great Plains through agricultural systems modeling The over‐arching goal of this research is to help agricultural producers enhance the sustainability and resilience crop and grazing systems for the Southern Great Plains (SGP). This project specifically addresses the development and improvement of process‐based computer models that integrate our current best understanding of the processes driving agricultural systems in the SGP. The framework resulting from this work will generate model‐based indicators, which collectively will provide a measure of agricultural system sustainability and resilience. This framework will provide agricultural decision‐makers (e.g. producers, rural agribusinesses, and policy‐makers) with vital information upon which to base their decisions. (3023) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA PI/PD: Phillip D. Alderman
Building pasture resilience to drought and extreme environmental conditions in Oklahoma Our main objectives are to improve techniques for promoting forage production year‐round and building pasture resilience to drought and hot conditions. To achieve our goals, the following framework was adopted: 1) Problem identification, 2) Vulnerability identification, 3) Options investigation, 4) Risk Evaluation, and 5) Action. The project is developing steps 3, 4, and 5. Novel summer forages integration to wheat systems, new alfalfa and Bermuda grass varieties performance, adaptation of existing in‐season decision‐making tools for assessing pasture production and quality are the current investigated options. A mobile app, i.e., GrazeOK, field days, seminars, and factsheets are the main outputs of our active extension program. (3027) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA PI/PD: Alex Rocateli
Winter Wheat Breeding for Oklahoma and the U.S. Southern Plains Winter wheat cultivars are developed through field‐based breeding procedures augmented with molecular genetic and accelerated breeding tools. The goal is to release marketable cultivars in multiple classes for commercial production in Oklahoma and surrounding states. Additionally, fundamental research is conducted on breeding methodology for economic traits. Cultivars developed by this project have led all cultivars in Oklahoma wheat acreage since 2010, and accounted for the top four to six planted cultivars each year since 2015 (5 crop years), according to USDA‐NASS data. Most cultivars developed herein are products of the GrazenGrain breeding system, which optimizes grain yield and bread quality in dual‐purpose and grain‐only production systems, the most recent being the 2019 OAES release, OK Corral. (3055) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation, Oklahoma Genetics, Inc., Oklahoma Wheat Commission, USDA‐ARS, BASF PI/PDs: Brett Carver, Amanda de Oliveira Silva, Brian Arnall, Liuling Yan, Gopal Kakani Entomology and Plant Pathology: Bob Hunger, Kris Giles, Ali Zarrabi Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Charles Chen, Karyn Willyerd USDA‐ARS/Stillwater: Xiangyang Xu USDA‐ARS/Manhattan, KS: Guihua Bai, Paul St. Amand, Richard Chen, Robert Bowden, Mary Guttieri, Mike Tilley USDA‐ARS/Lincoln, NE: Robert Graybosch, Gary Hein USDA‐ARS/Pullman, WA: Kim Campbell
Molecular characterization and genetic incorporation of multiple resistance genes in Oklahoma wheat Bread wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n=6X=42, AABBDD), is a hexaploid species and each of three homoeologous genome A, B and D should have one copy for a gene in its ancestral form if the gene has no duplication. We discovered that Oklahoma cultivar ‘Duster’ (PI 644016) has two copies of the Lr34‐D gene (Lr34‐D1 and Lr34‐D2). The Duster Lr34‐D1‐Lr34‐D2 locus was associated with tip necrosis and increased resistance against leaf rust at adult plants in the Duster x Billings DH population tested in the field. We have developed KASP markers for the novel haplotype of the Lr34‐D1/Lr34‐D2 in wheat (3064). Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PDs: Liuling Yan
Systems‐based approach to winter canola management in the southern Great Plains. Winter canola production has been challenging in the southern Great Plains; however, researchers and growers are making great strides. More information on practices that can push productivity within current economic constraints would improve the canola production systems within the state. The specific objectives were to 1) Improve crop management practices for winter canola through a system approach to increased planted and harvest acres, 2) Improve integrated pest management system to optimize net returns and conserve native pollinators and honey bee habitat, and 3) Improve producer and canola manager knowledge of optimum canola production practices through innovative extension and outreach programming (3071). Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PDs: Josh Lofton, Brian Arnall, Jason Warren Entomology & Plant Pathology: Tom Royer, John Damicone, Kristopher Giles Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering: Carol Jones
Future Challenges in Animal Production Systems: Seeking Solutions through Focused Facilitation Livestock producers need new tools and technologies to improve grazing land management, production, and sustainability. One such technology, virtual fencing, has the potential to support improved grazing management and better use of grassland resources leading to higher production, sensitive area protection, and improved ecosystem services. However, university evaluations are needed to validate its utility. Our goal is to assess virtual fencing and its impact on ecosystem services (riparian health, nutrient cycling, water quality) and grazing land management. This will contribute to a larger multi‐state effort supporting sustainable animal protein production and nutrient imbalances in livestock production systems. (3079) Sponsors: USDA‐NIFA, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Thomas E. Berry Professorship PI/PD: Kevin Wagner
Plant Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization The purpose of this regional project is to conserve genetic resources for a broad spectrum of crop species and to transfer related information to plant breeders and researchers in the Southern Region. In the last reporting period 1,093 plant accessions maintained at the USDA ARS Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit at Griffin, GA were distributed to organizations and individuals in Oklahoma. The requested plant germplasm in 2018 included peanuts (Arachis spp.), clovers (Triforlium spp.), sorghum (Sorghum spp.), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), legume (Aeschynomene americana), Texas signalgrass (Urochloa texana), peppers (Capsicum annuum), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and millet (Cenchrus americanus) species. Receivers of the plant accessions include researchers at USDA‐ARS laboratories, Oklahoma State University, Noble Research Institute, and residents in the state. (3107) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Yanqi Wu
Functional validation of candidate genes for resistance against Hessian fly and their applications in wheat breeding Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor say, is one of the most destructive pests of common wheat in the U.S. and worldwide, and the biotype Great Plains is most prevalent in the southern Great Plains. We initially mapped a major resistance gene for the Hessian fly biotype GP on the short arm of chromosome 1A in a Duster x Billings doubled haploid population. We have screened 4,500 individual plants for recombinant events and narrowed down the targeted region. We have developed diagnostic markers for the cloned gene to accelerate its deployment in aphid resistance improvement in collaboration with wheat breeders (3107). Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PDs: Liuling Yan, Brett Carver
Evaluating production practices and input management for optimizing winter canola production in the southern Great Plains. Winter canola has been an increasingly important crop in the the southern Great Plains. However, environmental conditions and limited understanding of management practices have hindered yield and acres. To continue to build acres, advancement of production information must be identified. Objects were 1) Evaluate the suitability of genetic materials for canola production in the southern Great Plains, 2) Improve input management and evaluate viability of winter canola in production systems, 3) Develop integrated pest management strategies for management of canola and understand how canola production impacts pollinator habitat and performance, and 4) Disseminate critical production information and practices to canola growers throughout the region. (3113) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA NIFA PI/PDs: Josh Lofton, Brian Arnall, Jason Warren Entomology & Plant Pathology: Tom Royer, John Damicone, Kristopher Giles Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering: Carol Jones
The Science and Engineering for a Biobased Industry and Economy A new Hatch/multi‐state project was initiated in 2019. Unmanaged or managed production biomass feedstock production systems that include native and introduced species will be evaluated in Oklahoma. Watershed scale field studies using Eddy flux systems will be conducted to estimate carbon sequestration potential and water use potential of bioenergy systems in marginal lands of Oklahoma. Bioenergy crop models will be developed and improved for predicting crop production in Oklahoma. Agronomic adaptation of bioenergy crops in Oklahoma and best management practices will be evaluated using field research stations across the state by conducting replicated multi‐location small plot tests. Growth and developmental traits for developing model parameters of bioenergy crops will be quantified through field, greenhouse, and controlled environment studies. Both field and controlled environments will be used to evaluate bioenergy crop performance under current and future climates and necessary input will be provided for breeding crops for future climates. Data from available resources such as Geospatial Data Gateway, NASA Earth Data, NEON, Ameriflux, and local sources such as MESONET will be used. (3132) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Warth Professorship, NSF, USDA PI/PD: Gopal Kakani
Enhancing nitrogen utilization in corn based cropping systems to increase yield, improve profitability and minimize environmental impacts This project was initiated in the spring of 2019 and will have its first season of corn production in 2020. This project will utilize the technologies that have been made available at the McCaull Research and Demonstration Farm near Eva Ok. The objective is to evaluate the relationship between irrigation rate and nitrogen fertilizer response over a large scale area. The goal of the project is to produce better nitrogen and irrigation recommendations for the high plains producers. (3134) Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PDs: Brian Arnall, Jason Warren
Quantification of best management practice effectiveness for water quality protection at the watershed scale The manner in which the landscape influences water quality is not yet fully understood. In particular, the impacts of wildlife on water quality is poorly understood and research is needed to help better understand these impacts. Our objectives are to 1) quantify nutrient, E. coli, and sediment runoff from a variety of land uses and land covers, 2) assess background loading from wildlife and other natural sources, and 3) assess impacts of grazing and other management practices on runoff and pollutant concentrations. This will aid multi‐state efforts to improve water quality models used for assessing best management practice effectiveness. (3147) Sponsors: USDA‐NIFA, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Thomas E. Berry Professorship PI/PD: Kevin Wagner
Using Reduced‐Lignin Alfalfa Cultivars to Improve Water Use Efficiency, Forage Yield, and Forage Quality in Water‐Limited Environments Reduced‐lignin alfalfa (RLA) cultivars constitute a promising alternative forage for the water‐ limited region of the US Great Plains. Our objectives are to i) quantify the effects of cutting management in rainfed RLA; ii) conduct a survey to link management practices, benchmark yields and water use‐efficiency across Oklahoma and Kansas; iii) assess the economic feasibility of RLA in water‐limited environments; and iv) disseminate project findings to stakeholders. Field experiments and on‐farm survey are being conducted in Oklahoma and Kansas. Based on our results, the economic feasibility of RLA will be determined. Project findings will be used to train educators and stakeholders. (3176) Sponsors: Oklahoma Agricultural Research Station, USDA NIFA PI/PD: Alex Rocateli
College of Education, Health and Aviation – FY2019 Research Abstracts Coyle Schools Whole Kids Foundation Project The goal is to provide hands‐on learning experience for the students in the Agricultural Education Courses (AECs) and the Future Farmers of America Chapter at Coyle Schools through beginning a culture of garden involvement throughout the school. Sponsor: Whole Foods Foundation PI/PD: John Romans
OSUTeach OSUTeach is a replication of the UT Austin program and strives to increase the number and quality of math and science majors graduating with degrees in their majors and secondary certification to teach these subjects. OSUTeach mentors, counsels, and recruits these future teachers and works with school systems across Oklahoma, especially in Stillwater and Tulsa areas. OSUTeach strives to positively impact the statewide need for more science and mathematics teachers, which is particularly acute in rural towns and large urban districts, and to improve mathematics and science learning among the state’s adolescents. Sponsors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UTeach Institute, National Math and Science Initiative PI/PDs: College of Education Health and Aviation: Juliana Utley, Jennifer Cribbs, Toni Ivey College Arts and Sciences Dean’s Office: Kristen Baum, Bret Danilowicz, Tom Wikle Physics: John Mintmire Geology: Joe Donoghue Chemistry: John Gelder Mathematics: Lisa Mantini Philosophy: Doren Recker
SCHOOL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH SCIENCES, COUNSELING, AND COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY (HCCP)
Children’s Health Equity Solutions Center (CHESC) (Renamed CIRCA – Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Adversity) – Food and Alcohol Behavior (FAB) Study Year 3 The FAB study seeks to improve health outcomes for tomorrow’s babies by identifying factors that impact their mothers’ body’s ability to absorb and store vital nutrients for future pregnancies. The FAB study explores how folate varies by alcohol use in adolescent and young adult girls over a month. The participants wear sensors that continuously monitor their alcohol use through their skin. Ultimately, this information will be used in public health programs to help ensure that when today’s teenagers become tomorrow’s mothers they will have healthy babies. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Julie M. Croff
Aktopv Cuko oh vyetv: Bridges to Home Muscogee (Creek) Nation and OSU are partnering to evaluate the needs of women who are Creek citizens and are serving jail time for misdemeanors and at moderate to high risk of committing additional crimes. Participants and comparison Native Americans will be followed for a period of not less than 12 months following release. Sponsor: Muscogee (Creek) Nation through the U.S. Department of Justice PI/PDs: Julie M. Croff, Randolph Hubach
Ryan White Title III HIV Capacity Development and Planning Grant The Internal Medicine Specialty Service Clinic (IMSS) at Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences (OSU‐CHS) will address the HIV Care Innovation category by supporting the progress along the HIV care continuum to improve the health and survival of people living with HIV and prevent onward transmission of HIV to others. The IMSS Clinic will partner with Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) to provide a Disease Intervention Specialist (DIS) to locate and engage HIV positive patients back into care. OSU graduate students will conduct evaluations, document barriers to care and work with Clinical Case Managers and DIS staff to make referrals to reduce those barriers. Sponsor: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration PI/PDs: Randolph D. Hubach Center for Health Sciences: Damon L. Baker
Health Policy Research Scholar Mentor a health policy research scholar doctoral student whose focus and career plans include working with marginalized populations, specifically Native American and low‐income populations. Sponsor: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation PI/PD: Julie M. Croff Economical, No‐Maintenance, Wearable Alcohol Sensor for Treatment, Research and Consumer Users OSU will run a daily bolus drinking event on 40 subjects. The transdermal alcohol readings from the WrisTAS device and the breathalyzer readings data acquired from teach subjects will be delivered to Giner. Sponsors: Giner Corporation, SBIR from NIAAA Phase II PI/PD: Julie M. Croff
Collaborative Research: Broadening Participation in Engineering among Women and Latina/os: A Longitudinal, Multi‐Site Study Oklahoma State University will oversee the development and management of the online quantitative survey and the development of the negative outcome expectations scale. Dr. Lee will attend weekly meetings (by Google Hangout) and will assist in the development of manuscripts and dissemination of findings at professional conferences. Sponsors: University of Missouri, National Science Foundation PI/PD: Hang‐Shim Lee EAGER: Towards Increasing Native American Engineering Faculty The vision for this exploratory research project is to develop a deeper understanding of Native Americans’ participation in the engineering professorate by examining individual and contextual factors related to efficacy, outcome expectations, interests, goals, and choices; and by examining those ecological systems that support the pursuit of and persistence in engineering faculty careers. Using multiple methods (individual interviews, focus groups, quantitative surveys, and mixed‐methods), we will sample Native American undergraduate and graduate engineering students and faculty. This research is based on the recognition that Native Americans are severely underrepresented in engineering and in the engineering faculty, and that engineering faculty are critical in attracting Native Americans students into engineering. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Sue Jacobs, Nicole Colston
Native Connections Grant – Project “We Are Going Together” This project seeks to forge a comprehensive and integrated suicide prevention, substance abuse prevention, and mental health promotion system to provide early intervention services to American Indian youth and emerging adults. This system will expand and enhance the current program and provide the foundation for creating prevention prepared communities, tribal mentorship activities with youth, meaningful partnerships that will be created and nourished, and deliver effective, efficient, and culturally appropriate services. OSU faculty and a graduate student will perform project evaluation duties. The faculty will work collaboratively with the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma (ITO) Perkins Family Clinic staff as well as Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma Council to conduct needs assessments, collect and analyze data, and disseminate data in meaningful formats. Sponsor: Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma, through DHHS Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) PI/PDs: Julie Koch, Carrie Winterowd, Mel Wilcox
Practicum Program ‐ Payne County Youth Services FY19 PhD Std This is a paid practicum for two doctoral students in counseling psychology. Sponsor: Payne County Youth Services PI/PD: Carrie Winterowd
Practicum Program ‐ Payne County Youth Services FY19 MS Std This is a paid practicum for one master’s student in counseling psychology. Sponsor: Payne County Youth Services PI/PD: Carrie Winterowd
Practicum Program – Wings of Hope SDVS This is a paid practicum for one doctoral student in counseling psychology. Sponsor: Stillwater Domestic Violence Services PI/PD: Carrie Winterowd
SCHOOL OF KINESIOLOGY, APPLIED HEALTH AND RECREATION (KAHR)
Assessment of Public Perception of Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation’s Wildlife Expo An exit interview is administered by the PI and OSU students to the public attending the Wildlife Expo similar to that utilized in prior years. The sample is a purposive, voluntary group of respondents exiting the Wildlife Expo. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation PI/PD: Tim Passmore
Assessment of Dust Mite and Dust Mite Antigens on Used Mattresses Mattresses are known to contain several types of health compromising compounds with several studies suggesting that microbial agents found in infants’ and children’s mattresses are associated with allergic reactions, asthma, and sudden infant death syndrome. The researchers will excise rectangular swatch of quilted cloth from the exterior of the mattress. Once swatches have been collected they will be shipped to a forensic analytical laboratory for assessment. Statistical comparisons will be made between the older used beds and the new beds for both fungi and bacteria count. Sponsor: MattressFIRM PI/PD: Bert H. Jacobson
A National Wrestling Hall of Fame Project The purpose of this project is to work in conjunction with the National Wrestling Hall of Fame (NWHOF) to: (1) develop a physical and electronic workbook for club level wrestling coaches to use that includes the content of the wrestling curriculum already developed; (2) create a program logo/slogan that is attractive to 10‐12 year old wrestlers; (3) develop a flyer that contains content about the program for marketing purposes. Sponsor: National Wrestling Hall of Fame PI/PD: Tim Baghurst
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of the “Orientation for International Student Athletes” (OISA) This project will develop the resources necessary to successfully deliver an academic orientation class specifically designed for international student‐athletes. The development of this class will include all of the resources and planning necessary for an instructor at another institution to adopt the class to their own situation and resources. At the conclusion of the program, a “How‐To” manual will have been developed to aid the implementation of this program at a range of NCAA member institutions. Sponsor: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) PI/PD: Tim Baghurst
Do Eccentric Contractions Preferentially Recruit, Damage, and Alter Behavior of High Threshold MUs – Graduate Research Grant ‐ Doctoral Because the motor unit (MU) is the functional unit of the nervous system in skeletal muscle, understanding of the changes in MU behavior following resistance exercise is paramount in our understanding of resistance training (RT) adaptations. The three conditions in this study will help determine the influence of contraction type, intensity, and volume on muscle damage and changes in neuromuscular function following resistance exercise. These data will help inform practical recommendations for coaches and practitioners to optimize adaptation, fatigue, and recovery when implementing resistance training programs with their athletes and clients. The research project is being conducted by Dr. Jenkins’ graduate student Ryan Colquhoun. Sponsor: National Strength and Conditioning Association PI/PD: Nathaniel Jenkins
Genetic Polymorphisms and the Effects of Caffeine on Neuromuscular Function Caffeine is a widely consumed, central nervous system stimulant that has gained popularity as a legal ergogenic aid and is often used as a primary ingredient in sports or nutritional supplements designed to enhance performance. It has been suggested that caffeine can affect muscle activation via peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal mechanisms. We are proposing a nutrigenomic approach to investigate the interaction of genetics and caffeine in order to more clearly determine the effects of caffeine on neuromuscular function. The results of this study may provide a better understanding of the physiological effects of caffeine. Sponsor: National Strength and Conditioning Association PI/PD: Nathaniel Jenkins
Effects of exercise on young adults with ACEs: an integrative pilot study Since the initial phase of the original Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Study were completed in 1997, much attention has been placed on childhood maltreatment and its life‐ long effects on health and well‐being. Our primary hypotheses are that exercise effect on individuals with ACEs will successfully: 1) reduce elevated systemic inflammation, 2) reverse monocyte polarization profiles from pro‐ to anti‐inflammatory, 3) restore the circadian release of cortisol towards a normal diurnal pattern, and 4) increase brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations (a nerve growth factor responsible for supporting neuron survival, growth, and differentiation). These data will serve as pilot data to inform decisions regarding exercise‐based interventions in adolescent, adult, and older adult populations to counteract the adverse effects of ACEs. Sponsors: National Institutes of Health COBRE, Vice President for Research, OSU PI/PD: Nathaniel Jenkins
The Clinical Utility of Progressive Resistance Training for Improving Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Post‐Menopausal Women The aims of this study are: (1) To test the hypothesis that realistic full‐body progressive resistance training improves markers of (a) cardiovascular and (b) muscular health in post‐ menopausal women. The primary markers of cardiovascular health to be assessed are aerobic capacity, vascular function via flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), post‐meal lipemia, and markers of low‐grade systemic inflammation. The primary body composition and muscle function variables to be assessed are muscle size, lean body mass, isometric and dynamic muscle strength, percent body fat, and abdominal adiposity. (2) To compare the effects of realistic full‐body progressive resistance training on markers of cardiovascular and muscular health in post‐ menopausal women versus moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise. Sponsor: American Heart Association PI/PDs: Nathaniel Jenkins, Sam Emerson
SCHOOL OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS, LEADERSHIP AND AVIATION (SEFLA)
AHEC – Area Health Education Centers Program Seventy‐four of Oklahoma's 77 counties are designated HPSAs for one or more health professions (primary, mental, dental care), presenting considerable barriers to quality health care in predominately poor counties. OK AHEC will consist of three regional Centers. The targeted trainee population consists of high school, community college, university, and medical school students from rural and underserved areas (RUAs). The goals of the EHA portion are to establish community‐based research capacity and evaluation strategies for OK AHEC. Sponsor: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration PI/PDs: Jeffrey Hackler: Center for Health Sciences College of Education, Health and Aviation: Mwarumba Mwavita, Laura Barnes
STEM Persistence through Flexible Authentic Research Opportunities Our objective is to recruit and develop talented students who will be the future leaders of science and science education, and to promote scientific literacy among all students through development of innovative science curriculum. Sponsors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) PI/PDs: Zoology: Donald French College of Education, Health and Aviation: Lucy Bailey Spears School of Business: Evan Davis
Broadening Opportunities for Biologists by Bridging the Gap for Transfer Students This program will improve recruitment, retention, and graduation rates for students transferring from 2‐year schools and pursuing bachelor’s degrees in the life sciences at OSU. Project results will provide valuable data concerning recruitment, retention, and graduation rates for Native Americans, women, nontraditional students, and first generation college students, which combined represent most of our expected applicant pool. Sponsors: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Integrative Biology: Kristen Baum College of Education, Health and Aviation Sr. Personnel: Lucy Bailey
FAA Center of Excellence for Technical Training and Human Performance (TTHP) ‐ Travel Funds The Program Management project will seek to align faculty interests, FAA objectives and project goals so that this Center of Excellence will achieve the aims and goals set by the FAA. Quarterly and annual meetings will be attended to collaborate with other COE team members in an effort to develop interdisciplinary approaches to solutions being sought as new technical training models are being developed. The OSU Team will seek opportunities to plug in and offer expertise in areas of knowledge by faculty at Oklahoma State University. Sponsor: Federal Aviation Administration PI/PDs: Matt Vance, Jon Loffi
National Research Conference on College Students formerly in Foster or Out‐of‐Home Care We will conduct a 1.5 day national conference in Washington D.C., in collaboration with the University of South Carolina, for researchers studying college students who were in foster or out‐of‐home care during their adolescent years (i.e. foster alumni). This conference design is strategic in convening primarily higher education and social work researchers. The conference will provide space for communicating current/ongoing research but, more specifically, for establishing critically‐needed interdisciplinary research teams who will begin work on the issues during the conference. Teams will be supported and tracked via an online research community devised for this purpose, an online opportunity also open to researchers not attending the conference. Thus, a new and vibrant research community will work to traverse, through education and research, the complicated social issues that both create and continue to challenge foster alumni. Sponsor: Spencer Foundation PI/PD: Kerri Kearney
Intercultural Leadership Scholars: A Global Research Program By proposing the creation of the Intercultural Leadership Scholars Research Program, we hope to foster cultural competencies and intercultural perspectives among emerging scholar‐ practitioners and future leadership educators. The Intercultural Leadership Scholars Research Program partners future leadership educators and professionals with international partners, students, and faculty to build, develop, and implement global research initiatives that address the need to move toward intercultural perspectives in higher education. A faculty advisor will serve as the program coordinator and guide masters students through an individualized international research project. Results of the research projects will be shared in open forums and assessment of the program and guidelines for developing similar programs will be shared with the greater higher education community across professional organizations. Sponsor: Association of Leadership Educators PI/PD: Amber Manning‐Ouellette
Local Law Enforcement Crime Gun Intelligence Center Integration Initiative The OSU Center for Educational Research and Evaluation (CERE) will perform an independent evaluation of the proposed Tulsa Crime Gun Intelligence Center (TCGIC). It will: 1) Assess the evaluation plan during the six‐month planning period following the award, identifying the program’s logic model through guided discussion with program stakeholders; 2) The evaluation plan will then be developed and will describe the methodology for testing the program’s effectiveness in meeting its objectives, including evaluating implementation fidelity; and 3) Implement the evaluation plan. The attainment of each deliverable will be subject to periodic and ongoing evaluation and review. Sponsor: City of Tulsa, through U.S. Department of Justice PI/PDs: Laura Barnes, Mwarumba Mwavita, Jam Khojasteh
SCHOOL OF TEACHING, LEARNING AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES (STLES)
Junior Science and Humanities Symposium, 2019 Forty‐seven regional JSHS competitions across the United States provide high school students with an avenue to present results of their original STEM research before a panel of STEM faculty judges. The Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska Regional JSHS competition is held on the OSU campus. Winners of this prestigious event advance to the National JSHS to compete for additional scholarships and recognition. JSHS students engaged in research are developing skills to prepare them for undergraduate and graduate academic pursuits. Regional JSHS competitions are funded by a collaborative effort between the National Science Teaching Association (NSTA) and the Army Educational Outreach Program (AEOP). Sponsor: NSTA, Army PI/PD: Julie Angle
The Genetic Architecture of Tillering in Panicoid Cereals The research objectives of this proposal are specifically aimed at resolving the genetic underpinnings of tillering, and data generated by this project are expected to reveal what has been conserved versus what has differentiated in gene regulation between the three systems. The PIs are committed to immersing high school science teachers from rural schools and from those serving high populations of underrepresented student populations in a research environment that will be combined with professional development activities. This immersion experience will help educators gain an explicit view of how scientific knowledge is generated and will assist with their own curriculum development. Teacher participants will be trained to conduct research and mentor students. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Plant Biology: Andrew Doust College of Education Health and Aviation: Julie Angle College of Arts and Sciences: George Chuck, Jennifer Hawkins, Clinton Whipple
IOS: Epigenetic Effects on Brain and Behavior: Testing the Role of Imprinted Genes The proposed research will use a well‐characterized case of hybrid loss of imprinting (LOI) to investigate the role of imprinted genes in 1) placental endocrine effects on maternal brain and behavior, and 2) developmental effects on cognition and social behavior. Undergraduate researcher training will emphasize experiences that prepare and motivate students for post‐ graduate studies. In partnership with the College of Education, we will provide hands‐on research experience and career development for preservice teachers in the Secondary Science Education program, and for in‐service teachers. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Integrative Biology: Polly Campbell College of Arts and Sciences: Jennifer Grindstaff College of Education, Health and Aviation: Julie Angle
Collaborative Research: Genetic Comparisons of Abscission Zones in Grasses This project focuses on formation of a characteristic zone of weakness, the abscission zone (AZ), in which the contents of cells and cell walls are modified to allow a fruit to fall off the parent plant. Investigation of the release of seeds is central for studies of ecology, evolution, and domestication. The project is structured to involve high school students, undergraduate education majors, and in‐service master teachers in much of the necessary of data production for the project. Co‐PIs Doust and Angle are based at Oklahoma State University, which serves a high proportion of Native American students and first‐generation college students from rural schools. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Plant Biology: Andrew Doust College of Education, Health and Aviation: Julie Angle
Assembly and Function of the Cynbacterial Photosystem II Complex This research will investigate the hypothesis that the assembly state of the Mn cluster has the ability of self‐repair is both a fascinating biological problem that underpins primary productivity and it represents a blueprint for dealing with photodamage to engineered solar photocatalytic energy devices that may be important for carbon neutral energy sources of the future. Immersing high school science teachers in a research environment that will be combined with professional development activities will help educators gain an explicit view of how scientific knowledge is generated and is likely to help with their own curriculum development. During state and national conferences, teachers will share their developed curriculum and mentoring skills with other educators. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Microbiology: Rob Burnap College of Education, Health and Aviation: Julie Angle
Transitioning Students to Teacher‐Researchers (TSTR) Efforts to strengthen science literacy skills and thus the STEM workforce of future generations begins with placing highly qualified science teachers in every classroom. This vision begins by strengthening preservice science teachers’ (PSTs’) understanding of how scientific knowledge is generated, how scientific knowledge is disseminated, and how standards‐based science practices should be taught in the middle‐school and high‐school classrooms. The core of our model is the evidence‐based, instructional practice of providing PSTs with Course‐Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) followed by Course‐Based Undergraduate Teaching Experiences (CUTEs). In turn, increasing the quality of preservice science teachers may increase receptiveness and aptitude of students for STEM careers and strengthen science literacy skills in future generations of students. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Julie Angle College of Arts and Sciences: Andrew Doust, Donald French College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology: Carissa Ramming College of Education Health and Aviation: Mwarumba Mwavita
Exploring the Benefits of Human‐Animal Interaction This academy will use animals as tools to teach scientific concepts, mathematics, and health care for humans. Students will apply their learning through hands‐on experiences, workshops, and real human‐animal interactions at assisted living centers, child care centers, animal shelters, and OSU Veterinarian School. They will observe law enforcement K9 dogs in action and teach animal safety skills to children. Students will develop innovative and creative ways of solving environmental and wildlife issues by observing science in action and applying mathematical concepts. Students will learn the therapeutic value of service animals. Finally, the students will learn valuable life lessons, college admission requirements, and the various career choices in STEM fields. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education PI/PDs: Penny Cantley, Sherril Stone
Enhancing the Capacity for Rural Libraries to Engage the Public in Drought Science, Monitoring, and Adaptation The core research focuses on the design, development, and evaluation of informal science education (ISE) programs and educational media for use in rural libraries in drought prone areas of the Great Plains. The target audiences include public librarians in rural communities of Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Colorado, as well as the general public they serve. The project goals are to leverage the professional skills and community knowledge of rural librarians to support local drought monitoring networks. Our innovative model prepares librarians to introduce citizen science processes and practices within the context of community dialogue and deliberation about drought. The project deliverables include: (1) a professional development workshop series for rural librarians, (2) a drought infographic booklet and poster series, and (3) co‐designed library programs for public audiences. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Nicole Colston, Tutaleni Asino
Lake McMurtry “Outdoor Adventure” Summer Camp Contract for Camp Director The purpose of this project is to facilitate the Lake McMurtry “Outdoor Adventure” Summer Camp. The project will include coordination with Lake McMurtry staff to execute summer camp activities using existing Lake McMurtry facilities. Sponsor: Lake McMurtry Friends, Inc. PI/PD: Nicole Colston
Oklahoma AWARE The purpose of this contract is: To provide external evaluation services for Project AWARE‐SEA (a SAMHSA grant award) for students enrolled in Weatherford, Elk City, and Woodward Public Schools. These services will be provided through a multi‐tiered infrastructure of support and will include site visits to the participating school districts, data collection and recording of data for project evaluation purposes collected through each district’s student information system, and analysis and compilation of the data for reporting to the grantor agency as well as to participating district leadership. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Department of Education (OSDE), DHHS Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) PI/PDs: Gary Duhon, Brian Poncy, Candace Gann
Oklahoma Tiered Intervention Support System (OTISS) FY2018‐2022 The purpose of this contract is to provide external coaches (up to six doctoral graduate students) to support the implementation of the Oklahoma Tiered Intervention System of Support (OTISS) model to specified districts/sites through the OK State Personnel Development Grant (SPDG) III. External coaches will guide and train site personnel on the development and implementation of the OTISS model, which addresses both academics and behavior. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Department of Education (OSDE) PI/PDs: Gary Duhon, Brian Poncy
School Psychology Practicum Partnership with OCIC Project AWARE The purpose of this collaborative program is for OSU school psychology practicum doctoral students to assist school sites within the OCIC in implementing and evaluating the Oklahoma Tiered Intervention System of Support (OTISS). During this practicum, students will have exposure to and knowledge of instructional design, and organization and operation of the schools. Sponsors: Osage County Interlocal Cooperative, U.S. Department of Education PI/PDs: Gary Duhon, Candace Gann
School Psychology Practicum Partnership with OCIC Project ENGAGE The purpose of this collaborative program is for OSU school psychology practicum masters students to assist school sites within the OCIC in implementing and evaluating the Oklahoma Tiered Intervention System of Support (OTISS). During this practicum, students will have exposure to and knowledge of instructional design, and organization and operation of the schools. Sponsors: Osage County Interlocal Cooperative, U.S. Department of Education PI/PDs: Gary Duhon, Candace Gann
Career and Technology New Teacher Induction Process This service and research grant uses collaborators among the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education (ODCTE), 22 technology centers, and Workforce and Adult Education program and OSU. Working as a team with local administrators, a local instructional mentor, and an instructional coach, first‐year teachers identify strengths, challenges, goals, and strategies in order to move from surviving to thriving with the skills for effective teaching. Sponsors: Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education, Local Technology Centers PI/PD: Mary Jo Self
Collaborative Research: REU Site: Solar and Alternative Technologies Dr. Jennifer Cribbs through the Center for Research on STEM Teaching and Learning agrees to assist Laura Ford (Principal Investigator at University of Tulsa) with the following: 1) Administer exit slips with REU students during the summer program and provide a summary to the Principal Investigator, 2) Administer pre‐post surveys with REU students, perform statistical analysis of data, and share results with the Principal Investigator, and 3) Conduct short interviews with the REU students and provide the Principal Investigator with a summary. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Jennifer Cribbs
Impacts of the 2018 Education Strike Wave on Teacher Activism and Advocacy In spring of 2018, a wave of education walkouts spread like wildfire across a number of states where striking is technically against state law, including West Virginia, Oklahoma, Kentucky, and Arizona. They introduced hundreds of thousands of educators to collective action and spurred significant shifts in education funding policy and discourse. The study engages community‐ based participatory action and oral history research methods to better understand the impacts of the strikes on teachers’ activism and advocacy. The project aims to produce insights into the forms of organization, knowledge production, and identity constructions that were and continue to be mobilized by educators in strike wave states. The study contributes to understanding major shifts in education labor organizing and its implications for U.S. education. Sponsor: Spencer Foundation PI/PDs: Erin Dyke
OSU Mathematics and Science Robert Noyce Scholarships Increasing the number, quality, and diversity of mathematics and science secondary teachers has been identified as critical to future US economic growth and success. This program proposes to produce more highly qualified secondary teachers by encouraging students to earn teacher certification with their 4‐year B.S. degree in mathematics or science. The objectives are: 1) encouraging undergraduates majoring in mathematics or science to become teachers through summer recruitment internships and recruitment scholarships, 2) providing need‐ based scholarships aimed at retention and persistence during the semester of student teaching, and 3) supporting students as they progress through their first several years of teaching. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Juliana Utley, Toni Ivey Zoology: Kristen Baum Mathematics: Alan Noell
Choctaw Nation Summer Academy and Showcase Interns work in Durant each summer as part of the Summer school hosted by the Choctaw Nation. During September, a fall Showcase is held to display posters to demonstrate the value of the internships and the interactions in the classroom by the interns. Sponsor: Choctaw Nation through the OSU Foundation PI/PD: Juliana Utley
REU Site: Big Data Analytics at Oklahoma State University The significant component of the project is a ten‐week summer institute for ten undergraduate students who are rising juniors or seniors in two‐year colleges and four‐year universities in Oklahoma and neighboring states. They will engage in research in big data analytics: data collection, data cleansing, data analysis, data interpretation, and data visualization, under the mentorship and guidance of the PIs and other faculty mentors. The intended impact of the REU site is to expose minority students to computer science research which will affect their career decisions and contribute to the broadening of diversity in computer science. The primary target population is at least 70% women and underrepresented minorities. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Computer Science: K.M. George, Christopher Crick, R. Etemadpour College of Education, Health and Aviation Sr. Personnel: Juliana Utley
REU Site: Multidisciplinary Undergraduate Research Experience for Undergraduates in Physics at OSU The proposed activity will provide true hands‐on research to ten STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) undergraduates. This objective will be achieved by incorporating the student participants into active research groups of faculty affiliated with the Physics Department at OSU. Our department has a tradition of excellence in several research areas including Atomic Physics, Computational Physics, Experimental and Theoretical High Energy Physics, Optical Physics, Optoelectronics, and Quantum Information Sciences. The research environment within the department is broad and dynamic with significant competitive research funding from NSF, DOD, NASA, and others. Eleven faculty members will serve as mentors for the ten participants. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Physics: Alexander Khanov, Mario Borunda College of Education, Health and Aviation Sr. Personnel: Juliana Utley
Collaborative Research: RET Site: Quadcopter Research Experiences for Tulsa‐Area STEM teachers Project evaluation is designed to measure qualitatively and quantitatively the success of the project in achieving its goals. Both formative and summative evaluation measures will be used to measure the impact of the program on both teachers participating in the project and their students. Project evaluation will be performed by Dr. Peter LoPresti and the external evaluator, Dr. Juliana Utley. Dr. Utley will code all responses so they are anonymous and insure that an IRB application is filed at both the University of Tulsa and Oklahoma State University to ensure the research meets federal guidelines. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Juliana Utley
OSDE Training for Oklahoma Academic Standards for Mathematics The purpose of this contract is to: provide professional development to teachers in each grades 6‐8 for two days in preparation for the 2018‐2019 school year. This contract establishes a process for preparing teachers and providing ongoing structures throughout the 2018‐2019 school year to ensure teachers are supported as they engage their students in robust instructional experiences aligned to the new Oklahoma Academic Standards for Mathematics (OAS‐M). Sponsor: Oklahoma State Department of Education (OSDE) PI/PD: Juliana Utley
OSU Teachers that Dream, Build, Learn about, and Teach Aviation This will be a 5 phase program to give hands‐on aerospace experience to teachers and undergraduate students, which will motivate and prepare STEM majors for the industry. This program will have a two‐fold mission: 1) providing aerospace/aviation education and career information to current and future K‐12 teachers, high school students and undergraduate students participating in Speedfest, and 2) through exposing grade 3‐8 students to aerospace/aviation education and career information through in‐class curriculum units. Additionally, this program will provide leadership for current OSU aerospace engineering students and advancing their soft skills for use in their professional careers. Sponsor: Boeing Foundation, OSU Foundation PI/PDs: Juliana G. Utley College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology: Andrew Arena, Jamey Jacobs
National Writing Project 2019‐2020 This effort will support 45 hours of professional development for grades 4‐5 and grade 7‐10 English Language Arts teachers in the early start district of Wellston. The i3 Scale‐Up grant program continues NWP’s commitment to equity and social justice by supporting teachers and students in economically poor communities. The professional development will include whole group meetings, collaborative use of formative assessment, and the coaching and mentoring of individual teachers. The intensive professional development program will be offered to 100% of ELA teachers, grades 4‐5, and 7‐10, with at least 75% of ELA teachers completing the professional development during the 2019‐2020 period of performance. Sponsor: National Writing Project, U.S. Department of Education PI/PD: Shelbie Witte
National Writing Project 2018‐2019 This grant provides funding to support two components of the year two program: 1) A 30‐hour Advanced Institute (AI) for upper elementary teacher‐leaders to prepare for adding professional development in 4th to 6th grades in 2019‐2020. This effort will support 6 to 8 teacher‐leaders to teach and study the C3WP program, and 2) 45 hours of professional development for grade 7‐10 English Language Arts teachers in the early start district of Wellston. The i3 Scale‐Up grant program continues NWP’s commitment to equity and social justice by supporting teachers and students in economically poor communities. Specifically, this work seeks to improve the teaching of source‐based argument writing in rural, economically poor districts. Sponsor: National Writing Project, U.S. Department of Education PI/PD: Shelbie Witte
Writing the Past, Changing the Future: A Century of Learning the 1921 Race Massacre This is a one year wide‐scale youth‐driven inquiry project for middle school and high school students in Oklahoma. With leadership from classroom teachers and the OSU Writing Project, Oklahoma youth will learn about the 1921 Race Massacre in Tulsa, OK, and then spend time leading the creation of digital artifacts such as Ted Talks, Podcasts, Expeditions, Ethnographies, and Digital Stories to document their experiences in learning about this historic event. Student leaders from participating schools will collaborate to create and host a youth symposium in spring of 2020 for students to share their inquiry projects that highlight their collaborative inquiry projects. Students will create a digital repository of their digital artifacts as a testament to their learning and for citizens of Oklahoma and beyond to learn more about the impact of the 1921 Race Massacre on the world. Sponsor: National Writing Project, U.S. Department of Education PI/PD: Shelbie Witte
EDUCATION, HEALTH AND AVIATION RESEARCH OFFICE
NASA IPA Agreement – Dixon Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) PI/PD: Susan Stansberry
NASA IPA Agreement – Kamas Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) PI/PD: Susan Stansberry
NASA IPA Agreement – Snyder Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) PI/PD: Susan Stansberry
NASA STEM Pathway Activities ‐ Consortium for Education (NSPACE) Through the NASA STEM Pathway Activities Consortium for Education (NSPACE) project, OSU will promote and deliver NASA‘s unique portfolio of experiential STEM educational opportunities, while maintaining a focus to vastly increase the participation of culturally diverse groups and Minority Serving institutions. To fulfill these goals, OSU has partnered with the Texas A&M System; the OSU Center for Sovereign Nations; Langston University; Northern Oklahoma College, an AIANSI community college; the Oklahoma 4‐H Foundation; and the Technology for Learning Consortium. Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) PI/PD: Susan Stansberry College of Human Sciences – FY2019 Research Abstracts COLLEGE OF HUMAN SCIENCES
Human Nutrition, Health and Consumer Issues The purpose of this project is to manage funds awarded to Human Sciences’ faculty investigators who are supported by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station for the purpose of exploring novel approaches to current issues related to human nutrition and health, as well as safety and consumer issues. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Christine Johnson
DESIGN, HOUSING AND MERCHANDISING
CATcare: Cognition Assistive Technology for Dementia Homecare This project is to help develop an innovative cognitive assistive technology, called CATcare designed to provide two‐way assistance to the dementia caregiver and care recipient dyad living at home. CATcare will help improve the quality and sustainability of dementia homecare via low‐cost wearable, personalized and customized technology and will be tested in a grant funded Human Factors Lab. The lab will serve to replicate a living room, dining room, kitchen and bedroom layout with furnishings and appliances allowing for evaluations of the CATcare system prototype for programming features, system usability, and data collection for activity recognition algorithm development. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PIs/PDs: Emily Roberts Electrical and Computer Engineering: Guoliang Fan
Classroom Interior Variables Influence on Teacher Absenteeism and Productivity To examine teacher attitudes about their classroom to uncover if it influences their perceived performance level. Our central hypothesis is that the interior lighting contributes subliminally towards teacher performance (Knez, 2014). Our hypothesis has been formulated based on a pilot study conducted on this topic and the existing literature demonstrating that workers are more productive in perceived higher quality buildings (Hawes et al., 2012) with appropriate interior lighting designed for their specific task Sponsor: Interior Design Educators Council PI/PD: Alana Pulay
A Community Approach to Care Education: Empowering Rural Hospitals and Caregivers to Engage in Exceptional Care of Rural Elders This health education project focused on six topics of caregiver needs, including safe home environments, nutrition, finance, healthy relationships, elder abuse prevention and general caregiving information. Content for education modules was developed, along with six corresponding family caregiver video vignettes that are used for group discussions on caregiving activities. Multiple in‐services have taken place with county extension educators as well as several community discussions using the caregiving education tools developed through the grant. A Caregiving Education Extension Fact Sheet series has been developed based on the USDA‐NIFA work, with three published fact sheets and three under review. Sponsor: United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PIs/PDs: Emily Roberts Human Development and Family Science: Whitney Bailey
Convergence: Laying the Groundwork for Repurposing Distressed Urban Malls Environments for Mixed‐Use Dementia Friendly City Centers This project is to help lay the groundwork for the Dementia Friendly City Center model, engaging multi‐disciplinary participation from four stakeholder groups in order to facilitate design decision‐making in repurposing mall environments for dementia housing, programs and services. A community workshop took place in November 2019 with 65 stakeholders addressing numerous issues, including community revitalization, building sustainability and the nurturing of innovation to further a culture of dementia care which is inclusive, progressive and convergent with the needs of an aging population. Sponsor: American Society of Interior Designers Foundation Inc. PIs/PDs: Emily Roberts Human Development and Family Science: Alex Bishop
Convergence: Laying the Groundwork for Repurposing Distressed Urban Malls Environments for Mixed‐Use Dementia Friendly City Centers This project allows for continued advancement of the Dementia Friendly City Center model, using focus groups and an online survey to gather data for a toolkit for other communities interested in adaptive re‐use of underused or closed malls. Oklahoma State University design and engineering students are currently working on conceptual plans for an existing closed mall in Oklahoma City. This design will be shared at a community workshop planned to disseminate the DFCC final design and takeaways in late 2020. Sponsor: NextFifty Initiative PI/PD: Emily Roberts
Empathetic Design: Ergonomic Design for Older Adults through Virtual Reality The use of Virtual Reality (VR) in design and design education is increasing due to development in technology as well as increased affordability. However, accurate depiction of the human body movement is not yet available in standard VR set ups. We will use a mobile motion capture system that works in conjunction with virtual reality systems. We intend to achieve the following specific objectives by the end of the funding period: implement a new workflow, integrating motion capture hardware and software with programmable intelligent agent’s capture and agent simulation, document work flows and publish a technical report, and create a simulation for evaluating behavior in a simulated environment. Sponsor: International Furnishings and Design Association Educational Foundation PI/PD: Tilanka Chandrasekera
Healthy Homes Partnership The long‐term goal of the project is to provide education and resource information that will reduce housing deficiencies and risks associated with childhood diseases and injuries. As the electronic delivery system for the Healthy Homes Solutions Toolkit, the focus of this project is to provide information that can help educators and consumers address housing deficiencies and risks. The objective is to add value to the Healthy Homes Solutions Toolkit curriculum. Sponsor: The Curators of the University of Missouri, United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Gina Peek
Interactions of Individual, Family, Community, and Policy Contexts on the Mental and Physical Health of Diverse Rural Low‐Income Families The objectives of this project are 1) analyze quantitative and qualitative data to explore factors that create barriers or enhance the physical and mental health of diverse rural low‐income families; 2) to understand the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on rural low‐income families; and 3) to disseminate findings. The research team collected data related to the home environment, but did not fully explore the connection between the home and health. Therefore, the goal of this research is to further analyze data and explore the relationship between housing and health. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Gina Peek
A Multi‐Dimensional Approach to Meet 21st Century Retailing Education and Industry Challenges for India and the US The purpose of this project is to foster collaboration between the U.S. and India within retailing education. This year, seven modules and an assessment plan were developed and prepared to launch during a compressed 10‐day synchronously offered graduate course to students from several states. Sponsor: Iowa State University, United States‐India Educational Foundation PIs/PDs: Cosette Armstrong, Jane Swinney
Oven Mitt Thermal Testing and Evaluation ‐ Phase III This project studied the role that moisture plays in the process of heat transfer through oven mitt materials placed in contact with a heated surface. Heat transfer rate was measured for different temperatures and pressures in dry and wet conditions, where moisture was applied following a protocol developed for this study. Layered mitt fabrics were tested with and without different moisture barriers placed closer to the heated surface or closer to the hand skin side. Heat transfer rate in wet conditions was significantly higher than in dry conditions, with the placement of the moisture barrier also making a significant difference. Sponsor: JVS USA, LLC PIs/PDs: Adriana Petrova, Semra Peksoz, Aditya Jayadas
A Seating Solution to Help with Blood Flow Immobility of the lower limbs from prolonged sitting could lead to reduced blood flow and formation of blood clots that travel to the lungs, often resulting in acute health problems. Through the NSF Nationals I‐Corps program, customer discovery was carried out to determine the feasibility for commercialization of a seating solution to help improve blood flow. This solution, moveSIT, is expected to improve blood flow while seated using a mechanism to move the two halves of a seat independently of each other. Lessons learned from customer discovery will be used to enhance the design of moveSIT and make a prototype. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PIs/PDs: Aditya Jayadas, Mihyun Kang
STEM through Design: Digital Media Workshop for Native American Middle School Girls There is a need to develop the STEM education capacity in Native American communities in Oklahoma. Traditional classroom learning alone is not sufficient to teach students about science or the opportunities for STEM careers, and STEM education needs to begin early in students’ educational careers. Yet, many students lose interest in science related areas as early as elementary school, with girls being more impacted by this than boys. A STEM workshop was conducted to a small number of middle school girls from the Pawnee Nation using technology (Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, 3D printing) as a medium and Project Based Learning. Sponsor: National Center for Women and Information Technology PI/PD: Tilanka Chandrasekera
HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Building Tourism and Marketing Strategies for Oklahoma Wines This project is to increase agritourism as it relates to the viticulture and enology industries and advance the marketing of Oklahoma produced grapes and wine. Specifically, this project is conducting market research to identify visitor profiles and examine visitor perceptions as well as conduct a needs assessment of producers as it relates to continued development and marketing. This information will be used to develop critical and executable marketing strategies to increase awareness and visitation to Oklahoma wineries Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food & Forestry PI/PD: Stacy Tomas
Hospitality Training for Wineries The purpose of this project is to develop a hospitality training program specific to Oklahoma wineries to help staff more fully engage with visitors and to increase tourism in many rural communities across the state. The curriculum will be developed by Oklahoma State University in consultation with an advisory committee comprised of Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, the Oklahoma Grape Industry Council and Oklahoma winery owners. The curriculum will be delivered state‐wide through regional trainings. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food & Forestry PI/PD: Stacy Tomas
A Tourism Study of the City of Stillwater, OK ‐ Baseline Tourism Data and Visitor Profile The primary goal of this study is to establish some key baseline tourism data for the City of Stillwater to have a clearer understanding of the current status of tourism in Stillwater and to aid developing data‐driven marketing strategies for effective and efficient use of resources. Sponsor: The City of Stillwater PI/PD: Li Miao
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY SCIENCE
BEST's Navigator Program Evaluation Birth through Eight Strategy for Tulsa (BEST) is a comprehensive, continuous, and integrated approach that focuses on families to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty. Part of BEST involves the creation of a system, called ConnectFirst, which employs Family Advocates who regularly check‐in and connect with expectant and new mothers to limit the negative impact that poverty has on child development. They do this in partnership with agencies and social service providers that provide ConnectFirst clients with access to valuable resources, assistance, and beneficial programs. The goal of the project is to work with ConnectFirst leadership to identify where it is working well, where it can use improvement, and to make evidence‐based suggestions for system improvement. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University Foundation, George Kaiser Family Foundation PIs/PDs: Mike Stout, Martha Zapata
Children, Youth, and Families At‐Risk: The North Carolina State University and Oklahoma State University Together for a Better Education Program The purpose of this five‐year project is to implement and evaluate the JUNTOS project designed to increase academic performance and reduce dropout among Latino youth. Objectives are to 1) empower Latino parents to become more involved in and supportive of the educational goals of their children, 2) promote Social Emotional Learning in youth and link them with existing community resources designed to enhance their academic performance, and 3) provide youth with opportunities to develop positive peer affiliations and life skills through diverse activities and exposure to career opportunities. Sponsor: North Carolina State University, United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Ron Cox
Collaborative OSU/SPS Transition Program In FY19, over 50 OSU students, staff, and faculty from REAL CommUNIty partnered with students and staff from Stillwater Public Schools (SPS) Transition Program. SPS students aged 18 to 22 with intellectual disability joined OSU students for inclusive opportunities on the Stillwater campus each week, including Let’s Take a Walk and Next Chapter Book Club. Sponsor: Independent School District No. 16 of Payne County, Oklahoma PI/PD: Jennifer Jones
Community Action Project of Tulsa Family Life Study Extension: Evaluation of a Model Dual‐ Generation Program This research project studied the expansion of Career Advance, an adult workforce development program run by the Community Action Project of Tulsa County (CAP). This project included longitudinal data collection on the impact of a workforce development program for parents of children attending Head Start. It examined the effects of the program on children’s social and emotional development. Initial results indicate gains in education among parents as well as gains in self‐esteem and motivation. Initial results of the program are promising, with Career Advances parents earning more education and employment in targeted sectors, as well as increased levels of children's attendance in quality preschools. Sponsor: Northwestern University, Foundation for Child Development PI/PD: Amanda Morris
Cultural Adaptation of Legacy for Children for Latino Communities: Feasibility and Implementation Evaluation This study is evaluating the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Legacy for Children group parenting program. Funds are used to strengthen data collection for parenting groups, including Spanish groups, being implemented in Tulsa, OK. Specifically, funds are used for staff to help collect comparison data and to code observational data of parent‐infant interactions. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Association of University Centers on Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PI/PD: Amanda Morris
Dayspring Reflective Consultation Dayspring therapy providers were seen individually for reflective consultation either weekly or bi‐weekly, as specified by Dayspring, to ensure that providers receive opportunities to reflect on issues raised by their clinical cases which utilize the model Child Parent Psychotherapy and/or infant mental health specific cases. Additionally, eriodic group reflective consultation was held. Sponsor: Dayspring Services of Oklahoma PI/PD: Amanda Morris
Developing Synergistic Approaches to Healthy Weight in Childhood through Positive Relationships, Diet Quality and Physical Activity As an active member of both the research and extension working groups, the investigator contributed to the following: (1) To identify successful synergistic approaches to healthy weight in children from the child obesity research literature, the research working group registered protocol for “Parental/caretaker involvement in diet or physical activity interventions to prevent childhood obesity: an umbrella review” PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018095360, selected studies for inclusion, completed quality assessment of included studies, and is finishing data extraction. (2) To identify successful synergistic approaches in extension, the extension working group reviewed and adapted existing tools and has piloted the resulting evaluation tool. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Laura Hubbs‐Tait Early Childhood Partnership Project This contract offers collaboration regarding the requirements of a public school Pre‐ Kindergarten program and facilitates the enrollment of four‐and five‐year old children residing within the boundaries of Stillwater Public Schools into the OSU Child Development Lab's pre‐ kindergarten and kindergarten programs. The collaboration provides a high quality learning experience for the children and experiential learning for future Early Childhood Education teachers. Sponsor: Independent School District No. 16 of Payne County, Oklahoma, United States Department of Education PI/PD: Sissy Osteen
Expanding the Cycle of Opportunity: Simultaneously Educating Parents and Children in Head Start Dual‐generation approaches – targeting parents and children simultaneously – represent a promising and innovative antipoverty strategy for families. In collaboration with the Community Action Project of Tulsa, Oklahoma (CAP), we conducted a randomized trial on the impact of a dual‐generation education program for parents and their children in CAP’s Head Start Programs. This dual‐generation program, the Education Pathways Program (EPP), provides education services and career coaching for parents at different levels of education while their children attend Head Start programs. This is our last year of data collection and we will determine the effects of the program on both parents and children. Sponsor: Northwestern University, United States Department of Health and Human Services PI/PD: Amanda Morris
Giving Our Quietest Children a Voice: Using Assistive Technology to Promote Independence in Young Children The project’s purpose was to examine how the systematic collaboration among team members influences the use of Assistive Technology (AT) by young children with CCN within inclusive classrooms, examine how following the steps identified by the Quality Indicators for AT impacted the children’s successful use of AT to communicate, and examine the Inclusive Classroom Profile (ICP) results to provide recommendations to the CDL staff. Findings demonstrated collaborative team interactions positively influenced the successful use of AT. Adhering to the QIAT steps affected each child’s communication abilities in positive ways. The ICP results resulted in a training for the CDL staff. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University Foundation, Bartlett Family Grant for Promoting Independent Living PIs/PDs: Gretchen Cole‐Lade Teaching, Learning and Educational Sciences: Claudia Otto
Holistic Assessment of Tulsa Children's Health The long‐term goal of this research program is to understand women's reproductive health and fertility over the life course and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The objective of the research project is to determine biopsychosocial mechanisms linking maternal early adversity, unplanned pregnancy, and poor birth outcomes. Information from this study will be used to develop an intervention for mothers with the aim of reducing unplanned pregnancies and improving birth outcomes. Results from the supported research are being disseminated through presentations at international meetings and research journals. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Karina Shreffler
Human and Community Research Training The Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Adversity (CIRCA) is the nation’s first interdisciplinary center focused on understanding the effects of childhood adversity on health. CIRCA’s goal is to develop more effective and sustainable prevention and intervention strategies to interrupt the cycle of generational trauma and toxic stress. CIRCA is creating a robust, adaptable research infrastructure to train and support all‐stage researchers in studying the mechanisms involved in childhood adversity’s effects on health and development. Achieving these goals promotes and enhances the mission of OSU as a land‐grant institution dedicated to using research knowledge to improve citizens’ lives. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Amanda Harrist
Juntos de Puede (Together We Can) Juntos Se Puede (Together We Can) is a community‐based, culturally‐appropriate, psychoeducational intervention that shows significant promise to reduce stress and ATOD (alcohol, tobacco and other drugs) use among Latino youth in new settlement areas. Before an efficacy trial is conducted, a feasibility trial is designed to answer two sets of questions. First, what are the most efficient recruitment and retention strategies for Latino immigrant families? What engages parents and youth in the program? Second, how will Latino youth and their families respond to requests to provide biomarkers used to determine cumulative stress burden, as assessed by allostatic load? What relationships exist between common psychosocial factors and allostatic load among Latino youth? Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Ron Cox
Juntos: Together for a better education and success for At Risk Youth in Iowa Communities Coordinate data collection protocols, instrumentation, data management, and analyses for the project, and will supervise personnel at OSU who will assist in carrying out the evaluation task of at risk youth in Iowa communities Sponsor: Iowa State University, United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Ron Cox
Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program: A Collaborative Learning Innovation for Addressing Engagement/Retention of Home Visiting Clients 3.0 This project is a qualitative study to examine the effectiveness of a promising, trauma‐informed training practice called Lemonade for Life which addresses key engagement‐related skills. The investigators will establish a learning collaborative of home visitation sites to expand Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) work started under the original MIECV grant cycles. Two‐person teams of qualitative researchers will conduct ethnographic go‐along visits to conduct an in‐depth process evaluation comparing before and after innovation change in engagement. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma State Department of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services PI/PD: Lana Beasley
Modeling Parent‐Child Inter‐Brain Emotion Regulation in the Prediction of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms Depression and emotion management problems contribute to significant public health problems in adolescence and adulthood. However, little is known about the impact of parenting on the neurocircuitry underlying adolescents' emotionality and depressive symptomology. To address these gaps, the current study integrates (a) a developmental approach, (b) functional neuroimaging, and (c) longitudinal clinical research to examine how risk and resilience for depression relate to brain activity in parents and adolescents. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Amanda Morris
MOU ‐ Partnership with Tulsa Children's Project The purpose of this project is to support positive parenting in Educare parents and programming. Through multiple interventions (e.g., Active Parenting First Five Years, Legacy for Children) we are working with Tulsa families to promote nurturing parenting and positive outcomes in young children. Sponsor: Tulsa Educare, Inc. PI/PD: Amanda Morris Psychiatry and Behavioral Science: Jennifer Hays‐Grudo
National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey ‐ Oklahoma The purpose of this research is to inform policy and practice within state developmental disabilities service systems using the Nation Core Indicators Adult In Person Survey. In FY19, face‐to‐face surveys were conducted with adults with intellectual disability regarding where individuals live and work, participation in community activities, relationships with friends and family, health and well‐being. Research findings improve State practice and policy and add knowledge to the field regarding the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disability. Data also informs the State transition plan to meet Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services rules for Home and Community Based Services. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Human Services ‐ Education, Training and Employment Section PIs/PDs: Jennifer Jones, Kami Gallus
The Northwestern University Two‐Generation Study (NU2Gen) of Parent and Child Human Capital Advancement This study examines the impact of a workforce development program on children and families. The program targets low‐income parents. OSU provides expertise specifically on the Two‐ Generation Exploratory Mechanism Study to focus on child and family outcomes as they relate to children’s academic progress and socioemotional development. Sponsor: Northwestern University, United States Department of Health and Human Services PI/PD: Amanda Morris
Office of Adolescent Health ‐ Evaluation of Teen Pregnancy The purpose of this project is to conduct an implementation study of the Office of Adolescent Health Tier 1B Teen Pregnancy Prevention scale‐up project in Tulsa County. This project consists of evaluation activities that target project delivery, community mobilization, teen friendly clinic linkages, and safe and supportive environments for teen pregnancy prevention in the Tulsa area. Survey data from teen clinic visits have resulted in high levels of satisfaction by teens who utilize clinics for reproductive and sexual health visits. Sponsor: Tulsa Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, Youth Services of Tulsa, Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa, Inc., United States Department of Health and Human Services ‐ Office of Adolescent Health PI/PD: Michael Merten
Oklahoma and Langston Sustainable Community Project ‐ The United We Can: African American Youth Entrepreneurship Program This project proposes to increase academic performance, reduce high‐risk behaviors, and increase small business start‐ups among African American youth who are at‐risk for not completing high school. The United We Can! program model will be implemented, which includes a six‐week family workshop series, training in entrepreneurship, monthly booster sessions, weekly one‐on‐one coaching, monthly 4H Entrepreneurship Clubs, and a Summer Youth Academy for at‐risk youth. An interrupted time series design will be use to evaluate key outcomes of the project. This project promotes the CYFAR outcome Teens, and will demonstrate increases in knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavior necessary for fulfilling, contributing lives. Sponsor: United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PIs/PDs: Ron Cox, Isaac Washburn
Oklahoma State University Sustainability Community Project: Together We Can: Latino Youth Entrepreneurship Program Model for Immigrant Latino Families This project proposes to increase academic performance, reduce high‐risk behaviors, and increase small business start‐ups among Latino immigrant youth who are at‐risk for not completing high school. The Together We Can! (Spanish ¡Juntos Se Puede!) program model will be implemented, which includes a six‐week family workshop series, training in entrepreneurship, monthly booster sessions, weekly one‐on‐one coaching, monthly 4H Entrepreneurship Clubs, and a Summer Youth Academy for at‐risk youth. An interrupted time series design will be use to evaluate key outcomes of the project. This project promotes the CYFAR outcome “Teens,” and will demonstrate increases in knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavior necessary for fulfilling, contributing lives. Sponsor: United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PIs/PDs: Ron Cox Agricultural Economics: Dave Shideler
Payne County Youth Services Graduate Assistantship at OSU This contract provides funds for a Graduate Research Assistant to practice and apply student learning in marriage and family therapy with clients served by Payne County Youth Services. Sponsor: Payne County Youth Services, Inc. PI/PD: Matt Brosi
Preventing Suspension and Expulsion in Early Care and Education through Targeted Professional Development on Social and Emotional Self‐ Regulation This project was funded through the Caplan Foundation for Early Childhood. Its two components included: 1) Examining classroom and developmental correlates of suspension and expulsion practices in Oklahoma. This part was completed in spring 2017 with a survey to all licensed childcare facilities in Oklahoma; and 2) Developing an evidence‐based professional development program for early care and education teachers aimed at improving their self‐ regulation skills, facilitating self‐regulation in very young children, understanding the impact of risk and resilience on adult and child self‐regulation development, mindfulness, and reflective practice. This program was piloted in Stillwater Early Head Start programs and became available more widely in 2018. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University Foundation, Caplan Foundation for Early Childhood PI/PD: Amy Payton
Process and Implementation Evaluation of Community Based Services for Problematic Sexual Behavior of Youth This project was a qualitative evaluation for a program of parent engagement. Data were collected through parent partnership board meetings, individual interviews, and focus groups. The investigator oversaw the transcription of interviews and group meetings, analyzed qualitative results, and blended qualitative data with quantitative data to produce findings on the topic of treating youth with problematic sexual behaviors. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention PI/PD: Lana Beasley
Project LAUNCH ‐ Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Work Force Development This project is a contract with the Oklahoma State Health Department to offer workforce development to Oklahoma based mental health clinicians. The professional development program includes a graduate course in Infant Mental Health assessment that was offered in Fall 2016 through the HDFS department at OSU, training in IMH clinical models, and 50 hours of reflective consultation towards their endorsement in infant mental health ongoing for participants. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Department of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services PI/PD: Amy Payton
Reducing Pesticide Exposure Among Latino Adolescents through Promotora‐Based Interventions This project implements and evaluates a promotora‐based intervention targeted at adolescent farm workers. To date, a total of 73 adolescents have been part of this study. Overall retention for study participants after initial recruitment has been approximately 87%. Additionally, 85% of the adolescent and parents that are recruited to the La Familia Sana pesticide safety program attended all four sessions of the program. Findings show that youth and parents recruited to the 4‐week program are maintaining high rates of program completion, with the majority of participants attending all of the program sessions. Sponsor: University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PI/PD: Michael Merten
Saint Francis Health System, Inc. and Tulsa Health Department Health Disparities Study The goal of this collaborative project is to collect data from residents of Tulsa who live in areas of the city with the lowest average life expectancy and highest mortality rates from cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD), heart disease, and stroke in order to help identify local health risk factors, including the social determinants of health, that contribute to the significant geographic disparities in life expectancies that exist across the city. The study focused on residents and community leaders in the five zip codes in Tulsa that have the lowest average life expectancy in order to identify local barriers to healthy living, and to hear the concerns, thoughts and opinions of residents on what solutions they think would be most effective for improving health in the community. Sponsor: Saint Francis Health System, Inc. PI/PD: Mike Stout
Specialty Prevention Services‐Oklahoma Good Behavior Game This project helps build local GBG capacity by training school personnel as a master training venue, providing mixed‐method consultation for successful GBG implementation, and operation a GBG evaluation platform to collect, analyze and report program outcomes. Training and partnering activities have involved large‐scale training and implementation in several school district in Oklahoma. Regional, open‐recruitment trainings were held at Oklahoma State University‐Tulsa, Edmond Public Schools, and ODMHSAS – Oklahoma City. A total of 286 Oklahoma educators have received PAX GBG training. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, United States Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services PI/PD: Michael Merten
Design and Analysis Core ‐ CIRCA The Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Adversity (CIRCA) is the nation’s first interdisciplinary center focused on understanding and mitigating the effects of childhood adversity on health. The long‐term goal of CIRCA is the development of more effective and sustainable prevention and intervention strategies to interrupt the cycle of generational trauma and toxic stress. Through the Design and Anlaysis Core, CIRCA will create a robust and adaptable research infrastructure that includes training and support for all‐stage researchers in biomarker data collection and analyses, complex study design and analysis, and translational, human subjects and community research strategies and methods, constructing an interdisciplinary team with cross‐trained and translational research skills. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PD: Isaac Washburn
System of Care: Strengthening our CareNet (SOC2) ‐ Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Workforce Development The focus of this contract is to provide training, workforce development, and reflective consultation for Oklahoman‐based mental health clinicians in infant and early childhood mental health professions. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PI/PD: Amy Payton
Teen Health and Sex Educator Experience Surveys The Center for Family Resilience supports the Tulsa Campaign staff with continuous quality improvement of the implementation of the sexual health education program at Tulsa Public Schools. The CFR completed data entry and data management of approximately 2,000 cases of survey data collected from TPS classes as part of the Tulsa Health Department’s PREP program. Data was analyzed by CFR staff and a report was generated for the Tulsa Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. The CFR also created and evaluated a sex educator experience survey. Sponsor: Tulsa Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy PI/PD: Michael Merten
NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES
Anti‐Inflammatory Properties of Interleukin‐10: A Novel Target to Mitigate Age‐related Osteosarcopenia The decline in muscle and bone, a condition known as osteosarcopenia, begins in the 4th decade of life. It has significant consequences on health due to the decline in strength, endurance, and risk for chronic disease. Components of the immune system have the capacity to protect against these age‐related, musculoskeletal changes. The aim of this project is to determine: 1) how the anti‐inflammatory effects of IL‐10 protect against osteosarcopenia and the influence of the Western diet on this response; and 2) whether the immunomodulatory effects of short chain fatty acids on T cells within the gut can counter this response. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Brenda Smith
B,B‐Carotene, 9', 10' Oxygenase 2 in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Influenza virus infection causes damage to the epithelial‐endothelial barrier, fluid leakage into the alveolar lumen, and respiratory insufficiency, often leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe respiratory disease with morbidity and low mortality rates. However, it is not well known about precisely how the cellular antioxidant systems are overwhelmed during the infection process. We found that depletion of β, β‐carotene9', 10' oxygenase 2 (BCO2) causes a moderate mitochondrial oxidative stress, which in turn triggers a low level activation of the host immune cells, leading to the resistance to influenza virus infection. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Daniel Lin
Chickasaw Nation Eagle Adventure SNAP‐Ed Outcomes Evalution The purpose of this project is to conduct outcomes evaluation for the Eagle Adventure program. Evaluation will measure intent to change and behavior changes that occurred as a result of the Eagle Adventure program. OSU will enter pre‐tests and post‐test questionnaire data from in school students, parents, and teachers; analyze data and write evaluation; and work with Chickasaw Nation IRB regarding the Eagle Adventure outcomes. Sponsor: Chickasaw Nation, Oklahoma Department of Human Services, United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute for Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Janice Hermann
The Clinical Utility of Progressive Resistance Training for Improving Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Post‐Menopausal Woman The objective of this study is to determine the effects of realistic full‐body progressive resistance training on markers of cardiovascular health, body composition and muscular health in post‐menopausal women relative to a moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise training comparison group and a low physical‐activity control. Sponsor: American Heart Association PIs/PDs: Sam Emerson Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation: Nathaniel Jenkins
Compliance and Technical Assistance for Child and Adult Care Food Program in Family Child Care Homes The long‐term goal of the project is to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity prior to kindergarten entry. This will be achieved by promoting the health of vulnerable children enrolled in family child care homes (FCCH) across Oklahoma through improved nutritional quality of the foods served in FCCH. A randomized pilot of the nutrition technical assistance program was completed with 52 FCCH located in urban areas of Oklahoma. Rural implementation will begin January 2020 in 54 FCCH. Six Extension Educators have been trained to conduct the rural component. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Deana Hildebrand
Cooking for Kids: Culinary Training for School Nutrition Professionals The purpose of the Cooking for Kids: Culinary Training for Oklahoma School Nutrition Professionals is to develop and conduct a comprehensive training program to provide the knowledge, skills, and resources needed to support Oklahoma's school food authorities in effectively implementing the revised United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) meal pattern requirements called for by Healthy and Hunger Free Kids Act, 2010. Since 2015, 1184 school nutrition professionals from 208 school districts have received a cumulative 21,312 continuing education credits, fulfilling the annual federal professional development requirements. The program is being piloted for use of early childhood education programs. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Department of Education, United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Deana Hildebrand
Curbing Obesity in Adair and Muskogee Counties The purpose is to increase access and utilization of healthy food and physical activity resources in Adair and Muskogee counties, including our Native American citizens; and, to increase social capital including a healthy eating and active living referral program to Cooperative Extension Master Wellness events designed to connect people to healthy food outlets and safe places for physical activity. Sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PIs/PDs: Deana Hildebrand, Janice Hermann Spears School of Business: William Pavia
Ethiopian Public Health Institute Dual Ph.D. Program This scholarship fund supports an Ethiopian student sponsored by the Ethiopian Public Health Institute in completing a dual PhD program within the Department of Nutritional Sciences. Sponsor: Valid International Ltd, PI/PD: Barbara Stoecker
Evaluating TSET Funded Projects The aims of this study are to 1) provide assessment and evaluation‐related training to local grantees, and 2) contribute to analyzing and interpreting data to reflect program outcomes. Since 2016, 785,539 Oklahoma adults and youth have been reached through 721 adopted nutrition and physical activity policies. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust PIs/PDs: Deana Hildebrand, Jeremy Humphrey
Improved Microscopy System and Live Cell Imaging: Assessing Impact of Bioactive Food Components on Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Health This microscopy system will provide the ability to examine at a cellular level how bioactive food components can attenuate inflammation and promote gut integrity and health. The increased understanding of how nutrient metabolism proteins and bioactive food components function in the human body and digestive system can contribute towards different strategies for reducing the risks of chronic diseases. Sponsor: United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PIs/PDs: Winyoo Chowanadisai, Brenda Smith, Edralin Lucas, McKale Montgomery Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Rita Miller
The Influence of Tart Cherry Juice on Bone Biomarkers in Older Women Worldwide, osteoporosis remains a major public health problem and more than 70% of fractures occur in women. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that the incorporation of tart cherries into the diet prevents age‐related bone loss. This project is investigating the short‐term effect of consuming tart cherry juice on circulating biomarkers of bone metabolism in women, aged 65‐80 years. This study has shown that consuming tart cherry juice reduces biomarkers of bone degradation in women and may provide a non‐ pharmacological means of reducing bone loss. Sponsor: Cherry Marketing Institute PIs/PDs: Brenda Smith, Edralin Lucas
Nutrient Bioavailability ‐ Phytonutrients and Beyond This project is to determine the bioavailability of bioactive components, such as xanthophylls from salmons, peach, and watermelon in mouse models. We also will determine the efficacy and mechanisms of action of these compounds in promoting gut health, inflammation, obesity and diabetes, through omics and biochemical approaches. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Daniel Lin
Oklahoma Nutrition Education The ONE SNAP‐Ed program is a behaviorally‐focused, science‐based nutrition education intervention project. The program’s focus is to improve dietary quality, food security and food resource management of low‐income adults and youth to prevent obesity and improve health. Sponsor: Oklahoma Department of Human Services, United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI/PD: Candace Gabel
Regulation of Placenta Growth Factor by Hemodynamics and Reactive Oxygen Species The overall objectives of this study are 1) to pursue our knowledge of mechanisms regulating PLGF into the new avenue of iron metabolism, and 2) to reveal the mechanism by which a Western diet impairs PLGF regulation. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health ‐ National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute PI/PD: Stephen Clarke
Resilience and Vulnerability of Beef Cattle Production in the Southern Great Plains under Changing Climate, Land Use and Markets Objectives were to better understand vulnerability and enhance resilience of beef‐grazing systems and safeguard and strengthen production and ecosystem services while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in the Southern Great Plains. A consumer curriculum focused on contributions of beef cattle to greenhouse gases, nutritional contributions of beef, adapting to increasing prices, and actions to reduce food waste. Positive behavior significantly increased in eating recommended serving sizes, cooking and serving lean beef without ingredients high in sodium or fat and with vegetables or whole grains, buying based on price per serving, using recommended cooking methods, and reducing food waste. Extension Educators in Oklahoma and Kansas were trained. Sponsor: Kansas State University, United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PIs/PDs: Barbara Brown Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources: Daryl B. Arnall, Jason Warren, Jeff Edwards, David Lalman, Tyson Oschsner, Albert Sutherland
Role of the Anti‐Inflammatory Interleukin‐10 in Attenuating Obesity and Insulin Resistance Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are all major health issues in the US. In 2015, 30.3 million Americans (9.4%) had diabetes and another 84.1 million had pre‐diabetes. Chronic inflammation produced by activated immune cells damage many tissues and is implicated in the development of obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and T2D. This study is investigating the role of the anti‐inflammatory molecule interleukin (IL)‐10 in the development of IR in IL‐10 knock‐out mice. Our findings will demonstrate the role of IL‐10 in obesity and IR and help develop prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the impact of these conditions. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Edralin Lucas
Role of Zinc and Zinc Transporter Gene ZIP12 in Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Disorders This project seeks to identify factors such as nutrients and nutrient metabolism genes that prevent neurodegeneration or premature aging of the brain is critical for maintaining a healthy Oklahoma population. Our findings show that ZIP12 is important for reducing superoxide generation and oxidative damage. We have also determined that resilience to mutations associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. In light of recent studies showing that polymorphisms in ZIP12 lead to brain MRI differences in human subjects, the studies from this project support a possible role for zinc and ZIP12 in preventing neurodegeneration. Sponsor: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station PI/PD: Winyoo Chowanadisai
Student Outcome Evaluation The objective of this project is to evaluate the Healthy Schools Oklahoma Program (HSOK) program and assist with the continued and successful implementation of the HSOK program by conducting statistical evaluation and analysis for the effectiveness of HSOK related to 1) HSOK program, 2) Action Based Learning (ABL) and 3) Early Childhood SPARK program (SPARK). Sponsor: Healthy Schools OK, United States Department of Education PI/PD: Deana Hildebrand
Tart Cherry in Maintaining Gut Integrity and Preventing Insulin Resistance in Diet‐Induced Obesity This study is investigating the dose‐dependent effects of tart cherry supplementation in normal or western diet (high fat and sugar) on indicators of gut barrier integrity, gut bacterial population, and short chain fatty acid production and subsequent effects on metabolic outcomes (blood glucose and lipids). Our preliminary findings indicate that tart cherry has modest effects in modulating changes in metabolic parameters due to western diet. However, tart cherry enhanced the production of short chain fatty acids. The effects of tart cherry on gut bacterial population and markers of gut integrity are currently being examined. Sponsor: Cherry Marketing Institute PI/PD: Edralin Lucas
Tart Cherry Supplementation and Exercise: A Novel Strategy for Osteoporosis Prevention Each year 8.9 million osteoporotic fractures occur worlwide, ultimately affecting 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over the age of 50. Our efforts to discover regimens to prevent osteoporosis have shown that incorporating tart cherry into the diet enhances bone mineralization processes. We are investigating tart cherry’s effects on the young and old skeleton compared to exercise, and whether the combination of the two provides added benefit. Our findings demonstrate no added benefit to combining the diet and exercise regimens, but interestingly, in both age groups tart cherry has a greater benefit than exercise on bone. Sponsor: Cherry Marketing Institute PI/PD: Brenda Smith
Watermelon and the Bioactive Compounds Promote the Digestive Health in Diabetes Given that alteration of gut microbiome has been linked to some chronic diseases including diabetes, there is a gap of the knowledge on whether and how watermelon regulates the gut microbiota functions in diabetes. The goal of this study is to define the mechanism by which watermelon improves the digestive health in diabetes by targeting lycopene regulation of gut microbiome. We found that watermelon improves insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control in diabetic mice. By use of gene specific knockout mouse models, we identified that watermelon lycopene was a bioactive compound in protection from diabetic ‐associated oxidative stress and inflammation. Sponsor: National Watermelon Promotion Board PI/PD: Daniel Lin
Wheat Germ Implementation will Improve Markers of Gut Health, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Adults This project is investigating the effects of wheat germ supplementation on gut health and subsequent effects on markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in overweight individuals. This project will highlight the health and economic value of wheat germ, an under‐utilized by‐ product of wheat processing. This study will also place Oklahoma, one of the largest wheat producers in the nation, in a positive spotlight, as the wheat germ that will be used in this study will be sourced locally. Our findings will support the use of wheat germ as a dietary option for reducing complications associated with obesity. Sponsor: United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Institute of Food and Agriculture PIs/PDs: Edralin Lucas, Babajide Ojo, Winyoo Chowanadisai, Sam Emerson Statistics: Mark Payton
Work Performance in Men with Trans‐Femoral Amputation Rehabilitation for patients undergoing trans‐femoral amputation (TFA) presents great challenges and one of the most common set‐backs is a fracture. Despite advances in rehabilitation and prosthetic technology, Oklahomans with TFA struggle to return to regular activities, including work. Our laboratory in collaboration with investigators at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center is investigating the underlying physiological responses during recovery from TFA so that more effective rehabilitation programs can be developed. In particular, we are focused on advancing our understanding of the skeletal response as indicated by changes in bone density and serum biomarkers during recovery and rehabilitation. Sponsor: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Brenda Smith
Zip 12: A Candidate Gene for Neurodevelopmental Disorders The purpose of this study is to identify nutritional strategies for addressing developmental disorders by uncovering novel nutrient‐gene interactions which lead to neurodevelopmental pathology. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology PIs/PDs: Winyoo Chowanadisai, Stephen Clarke, Dingbo Lin Spears School of Business – FY2019 Research Abstracts SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTING
Financial Statement Comparability and the LIFO Conformity Rule Financial statement comparability is hindered when companies in the same industry adopt different inventory valuation methods. For example, the reporting of inventory on the balance sheet and cost of goods sold on the income statement can vary between the last‐in, first‐out (LIFO) method and the first‐in, first‐out (FIFO) method. Comparability between firms using LIFO and those using non‐LIFO methods could be improved by modifying GAAP to allow companies to report the effects of LIFO versus FIFO directly on the face of the financial statements. Such financial reporting meets the specific criteria of the LIFO conformity rule in IRC Section 472(c). Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Matt Bjornsen The Influence of Country‐Level Religiosity on Accounting Conservatism This study investigates how religiosity (i.e., the strength of religion) differences across countries influence an important characteristic of financial reporting, accounting conservatism. We find that managers in more religious societies report more conservatively. Specifically, our cross‐ country analysis reveals that firms headquartered in countries with higher levels of religiosity exhibit, on average, higher accounting conservatism in financial reporting. This positive association is stronger in countries following IFRS or U.S. GAAP, and weaker in countries with a high degree of uncertainty avoidance, strong legal enforcement, and countries with greater numbers of religions. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Matt Bjornsen The Consequences of Deviating from Financial Reporting Industry Norms: Evidence from the Disclosure of Foreign Cash This study examines how investors respond to firm disclosure practices that deviate from the majority of industry peers. Specifically, we examine the association between firm value and the non‐disclosure of foreign cash in industries where the majority of firms disclose foreign cash. We find that when the majority of industry peers disclose foreign cash, investors discount the firm‐specific partial disclosure of foreign operations. This finding suggests that firms incur a valuation discount when their disclosure choices are contrary to the industry norm. Our findings should be of interest to managers forming their disclosure policies relative to their industry peers. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Matt Bjornsen Disaggregated Financial Statement Comparability This study develops a measure of financial statement comparability based on the disaggregated financial accounting components of earnings. The disaggregated framework allows for the measurement of comparability between two firms across multiple components of earnings, and enhances the ability to contrast a company’s accounting system to that of other companies impacted by similar economic effects. This comparability measure is robust to a rigorous set of analyses. The metric developed in this study extends financial reporting quality and financial statement comparability research based on its ability to capture the distinct components of earnings. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Matt Bjornsen Principles‐Based Accounting Standards and Corporate Governance Considerations Principles‐based standards remain integral to the U.S. financial reporting environment and require management to exercise greater judgement during the implementation and application of such standards. Accordingly, effective oversight is required by those responsible for corporate governance. This article provides insights into these issues by examining the adoption of SFAS No. 143. The results suggest that strong corporate governance did not ensure the successful implementation of the standard and prompted the FASB to provide a second attempt by issuing FIN 47. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Matt Bjornsen Managerial Ability and Financial Statement Comparability The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between an entity’s top internal management efficacy (TIME) and the comparability of that entity’s financial statements with those of its peers (FSC). This investigation suggests that (1) there is an observable association between TIME and FSC, (2) this relationship is dependent upon both firms of each peer‐firm‐ pairing, and (3) entities with lower TIME are more likely to sacrifice financial reporting quality and/or engage in earnings management in order to achieve a given level of FSC. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Matt Bjornsen Tax Avoidance and Tax Comparability Opposing one another, the goal of tax accounting is to reduce the tax liability via taxable income reduction, while the goal of financial accounting is to maximize bottom‐line income. The purpose of this paper is to investigate tax comparability. Results indicate that increased levels of tax avoidance are associated with decreased tax comparability. Further, this association is found to be stronger for firms with low financial comparability. Overall, the results suggest that firms engaging in high levels of tax avoidance are effectively reducing the comparability and usefulness of the related information of the firm. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Matt Bjornsen Managerial Ability and Tone Management in Earnings Calls: Evidence from Collective Bargaining This paper investigates whether earnings calls prior to renegotiations have more pessimistic tone compared to other earnings calls. In addition, we look at whether more capable manages can manipulate tone even further compared to less capable managers. We conjecture that managing tone of earning calls is a more cost‐effective method for unionized firms to manage expectations prior to collective bargaining. In addition, we hypothesize that tone management in earnings calls, which requires quick reactions under pressure, is difficult. Thus, we predict that more capable managers can manage tone to a greater extent than less capable managers. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Matt Bjornsen
The Effect of Analyst Conservatism on Earnings Management Little is known about the impact of conservative analysts on firm management. We examine whether a specific analyst characteristic, conservatism (which has an effect on how the market responds to analyst forecast revision), all affects management’s financial reporting decisions. We find that firms with a more conservative analyst following engage in less income‐increasing earnings management, with the effect only noticeable in poor information environments. Next, we consider meeting or beating earnings estimates and financial statement restatements; our findings suggest that managers of firms with more conservative analyst followings tend to manage earnings “within GAAP.” Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Nebraska‐Kearney PI/PDs: Matt Bjornsen, Bryan Brockbank, Jaclyn Prentice
Does Ex Ante Severance Pay Affect the Timeliness of Bad News Disclosure? The Role of Managerial Exit Costs The extant literature documents a positive association between ex ante severance pay and the timeliness of bad news disclosure, suggesting that the provision of severance pay is consistent with efficient contracting. Relying on empirically unexplored theory, we investigate whether and how managerial exit costs affect the role of severance pay in curbing bad news withholding. Overall, our findings support the theoretical prediction that a “one‐size‐fits‐all” structure of severance agreements undermines the potential of severance pay to benefit shareholders. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Nebraska‐Lincoln, San Diego State University PI/PDs: Bryan G. Brockbank University of Nebraska‐Lincoln: Herita T. Akamah San Diego State University: Sydney Shu
Charitable CEOs and Earnings Management CEOs of public companies may serve of boards of non‐profit organizations out of intrinsic motivation, reflecting a preference for the well‐being of others. Alternatively, CEOs may serve on non‐profit boards to increase moral reputation or manage their public image. We find that firms with CEOs serving on boards of non‐profit organizations are associated with higher discretionary accruals, consistent with these firms engaging in more income‐increasing earnings management. We also find these firms engage in more tax avoidance activities. Our findings suggest that on average, CEOs service on non‐profit boards is driven by public image concerns and not intrinsic motivation. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Northeastern University, Bentley University PI/PDs: Bryan G. Brockbank Northeastern University: Jaehan Ahn, Udi Hoitash Bentley University: Rani Hoitash
Do Non‐GAAP Exclusions Impact the Extent to Which Current Returns Reflect Future Earnings Information? Motivated by regulators’ concerns about non‐GAAP financial measures and building on research that finds more informative disclosures allow current stock returns to better reflect future earnings, I examine whether non‐GAAP earnings exclusions enhance or garble the future earnings news captured in current stock returns. Utilizing Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), I collect non‐GAAP earnings data from 2003 to 2012 and measure managers’ non‐GAAP exclusions relative to three comparable earnings: (1) GAAP earnings before extraordinary items, (2) GAAP earnings from operations, and (3) analyst‐adjusted “street earnings.” Finally, I find that consistent non‐GAAP reporting is associated with more future earnings information reflected in current stock returns. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Bryan G. Brockbank
Real Earnings Management and Innovation‐Intensive Companies Prior research suggests firms engage in real earnings management activities, including cutting research and develop expenses, to achieve earnings benchmarks. Decreasing research and development expenditures is associated with less firm‐level innovation in the future, measured using patents and patent citations (Bereskin et al. 2017). We examine whether innovation‐ intensive firms are willing to sacrifice potential long‐term innovation benefits in order to meet short‐term earnings benchmarks. We find that innovation‐intensive firms engage in the same level of real earnings management around earnings benchmarks, suggesting that these firms are willing to sacrifice future innovation for short‐term achievement. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Bryan G. Brockbank, Kent Hu
Mindsets as the Focal Point of 21st Century Accounting Education Competency‐based frameworks for accounting education have become fashionable. However, with current technological advances and complex changes, many competencies are being automated, commoditized, and/or becoming obsolete. Drawing from the “mindset” work in various literatures, we highlight important mindsets that accounting graduates should possess. A mindset is a mental attitude or way of thinking. Given the obligation of CPAs to protect the public trust, we treat the “public interest mindset” as foundational. Other desirable mindsets include 1) personal and professional growth; 2) critical thinking; and 3) global. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Dayton, University of Cincinnati PI/PDs: Audrey Gramling University of Dayton: Sridhar Ramamoorti University of Cincinnati: Natalia Mintchik
Managerial Ability and the Accuracy of the Going Concern Opinion Current audit guidance directs the auditor to modify their opinion in the presence of significant doubt about their client’s ability to continue as a going concern. This paper examines whether managerial ability influences the accuracy of auditors’ going concern information signal. Considering prior research indicates that the auditor’s opinion provides important information to the market, this finding has important public interest implications regarding the signaling of bankruptcy risk to investors and creditors by auditors’ going concern opinion. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Mississippi State University PI/PDs: Bradley P. Lawson, Don Herrmann Mississippi State University: Nathan R. Berglund
Reorganization of the PCAOB’s Auditing Standards The PCAOB’s final rule to reorganize its own auditing standards, along with the standards issued by the AICPA, into a single integrated system became effective December 31, 2016. The previous system required auditing professionals to understand and know two sets of overlapping standards with different organizational structures and referencing systems. The reorganized standards codify both sets of standards into one comprehensive set of standards with a single referencing system. Although the content of the reorganized standards is not different from the previous standards, the purpose of the reorganized standards is to make it easier for auditing professionals to navigate, apply, and reference the auditing standards applicable to publicly traded companies and broker‐dealers. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Bradley P. Lawson, Angela Spencer
Updates and Comparisons Regarding Changes to the Audit Reporting Model in the US, UK, and EU In May 2016, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) proposed some of the most significant changes to the audit report since the report was adopted in the 1940s. Among other things, the changes would require auditors to disclose within the audit report critical audit matters (CAMs), which are matters that are communicated to the audit committee and that involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex auditor judgement. Although the PCAOB’s latest proposal is not final, the changes are similar to standards already adopted by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Bradley P. Lawson, Angela Spencer, Vivian O’Hara
A Survey on Firms’ Implementation of COSO’s 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework Many firms began implementing COSO’s 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework in 2014. We survey accounting professionals at U.S. firms to examine views concerning the framework and its impact on key areas related to internal controls. Our analyses provide insight into five specific topics important to the framework and its 17 principles. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Central Oklahoma PI/PDs: Bradley P. Lawson, Leah Muriel University of Central Oklahoma: Paula Sanders
The Changing Structure of the Audit Market in the Oil & Gas Industry This study provides evidence regarding the major structural changes in the audit market for the U.S. oil and gas industry. Regulators, standard‐setters, and audit clients, both inside and outside the U.S., have expressed concerns regarding the structure of the market for audit services; in particular, concentration levels among audit service providers. Using auditor and audit fee data for publicly traded firms in the U.S. oil and gas industry, overall, this study finds a changing audit market in this industry with a predominant shift towards non‐Big 4 firms. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Bradley P. Lawson
Audit Market Structure and Audit Pricing Extant literature finds mixed evidence on the association between audit market concentration and audit fees. We re‐examine this issue using a large sample of U.S. audit clients covering 90 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) spanning 2000‐2013. We find that audit market concentration is associated with significantly higher audit fees, consistent with the concerns of regulators and managers. We also find that concentration is associated with higher audit quality for first‐year engagements, but only if the auditor does not lowball on the engagement. Our results are relevant to the ongoing debate regarding the consequences of increased concentration within the U.S. audit market. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Michigan Technological University PI/PDs: Bradley Lawson Michigan Technological University: Daniel Eshleman
Improvements in Audit Quality under PCAOB Auditing Standard No. 5 We examine changes in audit quality associated with the issuance of Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS5). In contrast to Auditing Standard No. 2 (AS2), AS5 introduces a “top‐down, risk‐based” approach allowing auditors to place greater focus on higher risk accounts that are more subject to misstatements. Overall, using financial restatements as our proxy for audit quality, we find that audit quality improves following the issuance of AS5. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Bradley P. Lawson, Michelle Draegar, Don Herrmann,
The Earnings Quality Information Content of Dividend Policies and Audit Pricing Recent studies indicate dividends are associated with higher quality earnings. Our study extends the literature by examining whether dividends’ information is associated with auditors’ assessment of their clients’ earnings quality. Our results show that auditors charge lower fees to dividend‐paying clients than to non‐dividend‐paying clients and the average fee discount ranges from 6.0‐10.6 percent. We contribute to the literature by showing that auditors reflect the earnings quality information content of firms’ dividend policies in their pricing decisions. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas A&M University PI/PDs: Bradley P. Lawson Texas A&M University: Dechun Wang
PCAOB Proposes Significant Changes to Auditor’s Reporting Model The PCAOB recently proposed significant changes to the audit report. These changes would impact the financial reporting and auditing process for companies’ management, audit committees, and auditors. The proposals require auditors to disclose company‐specific critical audit matters and expand their evaluation of other information outside the audited financial statements. The objective is to increase the value of the audit report, but some suggest the proposals could change the fundamental nature of the audit process, the scope of the audit opinion, and significantly increase audit‐related costs. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Bradley P. Lawson, William C. Schwartz, Jr.
Does the Dodd‐Frank Act Affect the Informativeness of Credit Rating Changes? Evidence from Audit Pricing In an effort to improve the transparency of the credit rating process and create accountability for misleading ratings, the Dodd‐Frank Act significantly altered credit rating agencies’ regulatory and legal environment. This study investigates whether Dodd‐Frank influences the extent to which auditors incorporate credit ratings into their audit pricing decisions. Auditors are a unique consumer of credit ratings because they use credit rating information to help assess client risk, but have access to the same private information as credit ratings agencies. We find that auditors incorporate more information from credit rating changes into their pricing decisions after Dodd‐Frank became effective. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas A&M University PI/PD: Bradley P. Lawson Texas A&M University: Sean McGuire Texas A&M University: Dechun Wang
Taxable Income and Firm Performance: Evidence from Future Cash Flows Prior literature provides mixed results as to whether taxable income is positively related to stock returns or negatively valued by investors. Our study adds to this area of literature by testing whether taxable income predicts future cash flows. This testing approach allows us to examine the usefulness of taxable income as a firm performance measure without confounding concerns of market efficiency and discount rate assumptions. We find that taxable income positively predicts future pre‐tax cash flows, suggesting that taxable income provides incremental information to book income regarding firm performance. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Florida, University of Oklahoma PI/PDs: Bradley P. Lawson University of Oklahoma: Bradley Blaylock University of Florida: Michael Mayberry Does Audit Committee Reporting Need to be Improved? Evidence from a Large‐Scale Textual Analysis? The SEC is considering expanding audit committee reporting requirements to include greater disclosure of the audit committee’s oversight of the external auditor. To provide insight into whether additional reporting requirements are needed we (1) perform a large‐scale textual examination of the characteristics and time trends of over 35,000 US firms’ audit committee report disclosures issued between 2004 and 2015 and (2) explore whether investors find such reports useful. In sum, our findings suggest that there is a need to improve the usefulness of audit committee report disclosures. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Texas PI/PDs: Bradley P. Lawson Colorado State University: Michelle Draegar University of Texas: Jaime J. Schmidt
The Consequences of Audit Market Structure on Financial Analysts’ Information Environment Audit market structure remains a concern for both regulators and academics due to the potential impact of competition (or lack of) on audit and financial reporting quality. However, studies of audit market structure and financial reporting quality provide mixed results. Testing this association provides evidence on the topic without having to separate the constructs of financial reporting quality and audit quality. We find that concentration improves analysts’ forecast accuracy and decreases dispersion, which is consistent with studies suggesting that higher audit market concentration improves audit and financial reporting quality. Our results further our understanding of audit market structure and its impact on financial disclosure quality. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Bradley P. Lawson University of Las Vegas, Nevada: Chuong Do Texas State University: Mikhail Sterin
A Reexamination of the Relation between CSR and Firm Performance: The Effect of KLD and ASSET4 Databases on CSR Research We re‐examine the findings in “Signaling through Corporate Accountability Reporting” by Lys et al. (2015) using the KLD Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ratings in place of the ASSET4 ratings used in their study. We find a positive relation between future firm performance and the optimal CSR expenditure, in contrast to the deviation from optimal found by Lys et al. (2015). This result implies that the optimal level of CSR expenditure is a good economic investment and is associated with increases in future financial performance. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of North Texas PI/PDs: Teresa Lightner University of North Texas: Linh Le
The Security Market Impact of IRS Tax Settlements Corporate tax return information is proprietary and highly confidential. Hence, when the IRS challenges the accuracy of a firm’s tax return, investors generally are not aware of an IRS audit or the settlement details unless the company discloses the information. We investigate whether the stock market has sufficient information to incorporate the effect of an IRS tax settlement into stock price. Specifically, we examine whether the stock market fully incorporates increases in or release of firms’ tax cushion resulting from the settlement of an IRS audit. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Oklahoma PI/PDs: Teresa Lightner University of Oklahoma: Fran Ayres
Tax Aggressiveness and the Tax Risk Disclosure We examine the variation of the Tax Risk disclosure that companies include in their 10K. We use Direct Edgar to examine the influences and determinates for disclosing taxes as a business risk and investigate the relation between the Tax Risk disclosure and tax aggressiveness. In addition, we analyze whether management adds this disclosure in response to an event such as, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, a tax‐related restatement, or material weakness. Also, we examine whether companies that employ their auditors as their tax provider are more likely to disclose less than if the company employs another firm. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Teresa Lightner, Jaclyn Prentice
How Do Auditors Respond to FCPA Risk? Using a sample of public firm FCPA violations, we investigate how auditors respond to FCPA risk. We find that audit fees are higher for FCPA violators beginning in the violation period with an additional increase during the period in which regulatory investigations occur. Fees exhibit a greater sensitivity to payables and SG&A expenses for FCPA violators than for non‐violators, suggesting that auditors adapt their procedures for accounts that have the highest likely FCPA risk. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, American University, University of Kansas PI/PDs: Leah Muriel, Bradley P. Lawson American University: Gerald Martin University of Kansas: Michael S. Wilkins
Does the Reporting of Critical Audit Matters Affect Nonprofessional Investors’ Perceptions of Audit Quality? The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) recently adopted a new auditing standard that would require the auditor to report critical audit matters (CAMs) in the body of the audit report. This new standard will lengthen the audit report but may also provide investors with cues about the quality of the audit. We find that the disclosure of a CAM does not directly affect the quality of the audit. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Clemson University, Mississippi State University PI/PDs: Leah Muriel Clemson University: Brian T. Carver Mississippi State University: Brad S. Trinkle
Does Accounting Firm Involvement in a Breach of the PCAOB Inspection Process Impact Non‐ Professional Investor Perceptions? We examine investors’ perceptions when auditors’ may be perceived to exhibit higher or lower trustworthiness (by the presence or absence of a breach in the PCAOB inspection process) and higher or lower expertise (via inspection deficiency rates). Using a structural equation model, we find that both the presence of a breach in the inspection process and a higher inspection deficiency rate are associated with lower confidence in the audit opinion and this in turn is associated with an increase in perceived investment risk. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Leah Muriel University of Louisville: Dereck Barr‐Pulliam DePaul University: Stephani A. Mason An Examination of Neutralization and Information Availability on the Likelihood to Commit Fraud Much of the focus of anti‐fraud measures has been on internal control procedures, but internal controls alone have not been effective at preventing all fraud. We examine whether the timing of the presentation of neutralization techniques and the availability of information via the accounting information system (AIS) influences individuals’ likelihood of committing fraud. We find that individuals who receive neutralization statements before making a decision on a fraudulent act, report a lower likelihood of committing fraud. Overall, our findings suggest that organizations’ can reduce fraud by exposing employees to statements that cause them to think about the whether the action is acceptable. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez PI/PDs: Leah Muriel, Bradley P. Lawson Universidad Adolfo Ibanez: Nelson Carrasco
Reward, Retaliation Protection, and the Unintended Consequences for Whistleblowing We investigate how internal protection from retaliation (provided by the organization), external protection from retaliation (provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the opportunity of an external reward (provided by the SEC) affect intentions to report fraud. Concerns have been expressed whether rewards will lead to bypassing internal reporting. We find evidence of an unintended consequence to external protection. We do not find compelling evidence of spillover effects; internal protection is not associated with external reporting and reward is not associated with internal reporting. We also find evidence that auditing experience reduces the influence of reward on reporting intentions. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, The University of Tennessee PI/PDs: Leah Muriel Universidad Adolfo Ibanez: Nelson Carrasco The University of Tennessee: Robert M. Fuller
Collaborative Tenure and Earnings Management There continues to remain an empirical question as to whether “coziness” or longer timeserving together between the auditor and client has undesirable consequences in financial reporting. We introduce a new measure of tenure which allows for a more comprehensive analysis of situations where the auditor is more likely to grow closer to management because of their shared time together. We analyze the collaborative tenure of the auditor and the CEO. We provide evidence that longer collaborative tenure between the CEO and the auditor is associated with lower positive discretionary accruals (i.e., less earnings management). Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez PI/PDs: Leah Muriel Universidad Adolfo Ibanez: Nelson Carrasco
A Survey on Firms’ Implementation of COSO’s 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework Many firms began implementing COSO’s 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework in 2014. This study surveys U.S. accounting professionals, primarily from large publicly traded firms, to examine views concerning the framework and its impact on key areas related to internal controls. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Central Oklahoma PI/PDs: Leah Muriel, Bradley P. Lawson University of Central Oklahoma: Paula Sanders
Conflict Mineral Disclosure Requirements Under the Dodd‐Frank Act, U.S. publicly traded companies are now required to provide disclosures related to conflict minerals. These are specifically the minerals of tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold that are obtained from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries. Although a portion of the requirements were struck down and ruled as unconstitutional, certain inquiry and other due diligence measures are still required to be filed annually with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In addition, if a company voluntarily chooses to provide certain additional information, it will trigger a requirement for an independent audit of the Conflict Minerals Report filed with the SEC. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Leah Muriel
Audit Fees and Investor Perceptions of Audit Characteristics We investigate how audit fee disclosures affect investor perceptions of audit characteristics. We find evidence that when audit fees are presented to investors with supplementary contextual information indicating that the fees are low, average, or high (as compared to industry averages), investors perceive audit quality and auditor effort as being low, average, or high, respectively. When not provided with any additional information concerning the audit fee (similar to the present state of disclosures), investors assess audit quality and auditor effort as being average. This latter finding provides important insight regarding investors’ current perceptions of auditor independence, particularly in the absence of relative or comparative audit fee information. Sponsors: The University of Tennessee PI/PDs: Leah Muriel The University of Tennessee: Robert M. Fuller, Leah Muriel The Florida State University: Allison K. Beck Northeastern University: Colin D. Reid
Real Earnings Management by Benchmark‐Beating Firms: Implications for Future Profitability Prior studies document both an improvement and in the future operating performance of firms engaging in real earnings management (REM) to meet earnings benchmarks. We find that small firms, whose information environments are less robust, use REM to signal positive future performance, but large firms do not. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Colorado State University, Kansas State University PI/PDs: Sandeep Nabar Kansas State University: Brooke Beyer Colorado State University: Eric Rapley Macroeconomic Effects of Aggregate Accounting Conservatism: A Cross‐Country Analysis This paper examines whether aggregate conditional and unconditional conservatism are associated with economic growth. Prior studies find that conditional conservatism improves contracting efficiency, but that unconditional conservatism has either a neutral or detrimental impact on contracting. We find that conditional conservatism is associated with higher level of growth in Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product per Capita. By contrast, unconditional conservatism shows no or negative association. Our study contributes to the ongoing debate on the desirability of accounting conservatism, and also extends the literature on the macroeconomic effects of aggregate financial reporting attributes. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Sandeep Nabar, Chuong Do
The Impact of Benefit Plan Audits on the Financial Statement Audit We explore the implications of benefit plan audits for the financial statement audit. We find that performing a benefit plan allows audit firms to get a “foot in the door” with potential financial statement audit clients. Further, we find that companies that engage the same audit firm for both their benefit plan and financial statement audits have a lower likelihood of misstatements, shorter audit report lags, and a lower likelihood of switching the financial statement auditor. Our findings speak to the continued debate over effective market expansion of audit providers, audit quality determinants, and audit efficiencies. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Michigan State University, University of Arkansas PI/PDs: Jaclyn Prentice Michigan State University: Kenneth L. Bills University of Arkansas: Gary F. Peters
Does Insider Trading Affect Auditors’ Risk Assessments? Evidence from Audit Pricing Audit regulations require auditors to consider insider trading as part of their risk assessment. Companies file Form 4 with the SEC when insiders trade. We find that the number of requests for Form 4 in the SEC EDGAR online system is positively associated with audit fees. In addition, audit fees are higher among companies with net insider selling, relative to companies with net insider buying. We find that officer net selling drives this relation. These results suggest that auditors’ risk assessments are sensitive to information reflected in insider trading, consistent with regulatory requirements for auditors to consider non‐traditional risk characteristics. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University and Texas Tech PI/PDs: Jaclyn Prentice Texas Tech: Sabrina Chi
IT Environment Quality and Effectiveness of Controls over the Tax Function and Income Tax Avoidance If a firm’s information technology (IT) environment is not able to handle tax complexities, then the firm’s financial accounting for income taxes is at risk for errors. We find that having an IT‐ related material weakness hinders tax avoidance and is positively associated with a likelihood of having a tax‐related MW. We find that firms having a CFO with IT expertise are positively associated with tax avoidance. This suggest that firms with higher quality IT environments are more likely to have effective tax‐related controls and more effective tax avoidance efforts. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas Tech, University of California – Irvine, and University of Arkansas PI/PDs: Jaclyn Prentice Texas Tech: Sabrina Chi University of California – Irvine: Morton Pincus University of Arkansas: Vernon J. Richardson
Goodbye and Hello: Audit Quality, the Big 4, and Acquiring Consulting Practices The largest accounting firms have been acquiring consulting practices for the last decade. I find that the audit quality of the companies being audited by the accounting firm acquiring a large consulting practice decreases in the year of the acquisition, but this result reverses in the subsequent period. This finding suggests accounting firm management may be distracted in the year of the acquisition and then in the subsequent year audit quality improves as accounting firms are better able to utilize consulting practices’ specialized knowledge. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Jaclyn Prentice Tax Aggressiveness and the Tax Risk Disclosure We examine the variation of the Tax Risk disclosure that companies include in their 10K (Item 1A ‐ risk factors). We examine the influences and determinates for disclosing taxes as a business risk and investigate the relation between the Tax Risk disclosure and tax aggressiveness. In addition, we analyze whether management adds this disclosure in response to an event such as, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, a tax‐related restatement, or material weakness. Also, we examine whether companies that employ their auditors as their tax provider are more likely to disclose less than if the company employs another firm. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Jaclyn Prentice, Teresa Lightner
A Review of the Literature on Accounting for Derivatives The manner in which firms utilize derivatives have changed in interesting way over time. Furthermore, the accounting for derivative instruments has also evolved over time. This papers reviews the accounting literature on the accounting for derivatives. The goals include describing the contributions and implications of key papers in the literature. Additionally, the paper will tie (or attempt to tie) the literature together and discuss differing results. Finally, the paper will identify areas that are ripe for future research. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Georgia PI/PDs: William C. Schwartz, Jr. and John Campbell University of Georgia: John Campbell
Why Do Firms Forego Value‐Maximizing Investments to Fund Their Defined Benefit Pension Plans? In recent years some firms with defined benefit pension plans have been offering lump‐sum payout to employees in order to remove their pension obligations from the financial statements. Firms are also purchasing annuities for employees that opt out of the lump‐sum offer. Additionally, there is some evidence that firms are allocating more of their pension assets to fixed income investments. These phenomenon are intriguing in an environment where the Federal Reserve has explicitly stated its intentions to raise interest rates. Specifically, this seems to be the worst time to invest in fixed income pension assets and to offer buyouts/annuities because as rates rise the value of these assets will decline. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: William C. Schwartz, Jr., Abbie Sadler
Customer Concentration Risk for Profit versus Loss Firms Prior research indicates a positive association between customer concentration and cost of equity capital and cost of debt. The cost of financing increases for firms that are more likely to lose key customers. We extend this literature by re‐examining the cost of financing (debt and equity) when firms are partitioned by profit versus loss. Prior literature shows that loss firms have lower cumulative abnormal returns than profit firms. We expect that profit firms will have lower financing costs than loss firms and that the positive association between customer concentration and cost of financing will be lower for profit firms and higher for loss firms. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Penn State University PI/PDs: William C. Schwartz Penn State University: Harry Feng
The Market Pricing of Negative Special Items Through Time: An Unintended Consequence of Regulation Change? Prior research concludes that the implications of negative special items (NSIs) for future earnings are more fully reflected than earnings before NSIs. Our evidence suggests that U.S. regulatory changes resulted in dramatic increases (decreases) in NSI reporting frequency. Our evidence suggests that regulations governing the financial reporting of NSIs resulted in unintended consequences by impairing the ability of market participants to understand the future earnings implications of these items. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Alabama, West Virginia University PI/PDs: Craig A. Sisneros, Thomas J. Lopez, Trevor Sorenson
Empirical Implications of Incorrect Tax Rate Assumptions The objective of this study is to explore the potential empirical consequences of assuming an incorrect tax rate in adjusting earnings‐related measures. In so doing, we focus our investigation on special items given their prevalence in the prior literature and the wide variation in tax rate assumptions. Importantly, our evidence suggests that extreme tax rate assumptions (zero or the highest statutory rate) can be especially problematic and that firm‐ specific tax rates, such as effective or marginal tax rates, exhibit less bias in several contexts. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, University of Texas at Dallas, University of Alabama PI/PD: Craig A. Sisneros, William M. Cready, Thomas J. Lopez, Shane R. Stinson
Evaluating Pedagogy in Educating Business Majors: an Empirical Analysis of Teaching Accounting Without Debits and Credits An upper‐level intermediate accounting course taught at two large universities in the United States provides a natural experimental setting to examine whether teaching debits/credits in the introductory financial accounting course matters. Students in the upper‐level course fall into two groups: those who learned debits/credits in the introductory course and those who weren’t. Regression results show that the prior knowledge of debits/credits offers only a mild advantage in the first mid‐term exam, but not thereafter. These results suggest that teaching debits and credits in the introductory accounting course does not provide any advantage in learning the material of upper‐level accounting course. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, Wichita State University PI/PD: Craig A. Sisneros, Atul Rai
Preparing Accountants for Lifelong Self‐Assessment and Development Despite calls by the profession to increase the diversity of competencies accounting graduates possess, there remains a gap in student awareness and attainment of these skills. This experiential learning opportunity benefits students by increasing awareness of necessary professional competencies, improving critical and reflective thinking skills, and developing a plan to take initiative and ownership for acquiring necessary skills for success as an accounting professional and thus, developing a lifelong learning mindset. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, The University of Tampa, University of Missouri Kansas City, Purdue University Northwest PI/PDs: Angela Wheeler Spencer The University of Tampa: Maureen Butler University of Missouri Kansas City: Kimberly Swanson Church Purdue University Northwest: Gail Hoover King
Resources to Implement Experiential Education in Accounting Experiential education can facilitate student critical thinking and problem‐solving improvement. However, this method is more than learning by doing as this method requires students to Do, Reflect, Think, and Act. Instructors transitioning from lecture to experiential delivery may be discouraged by additional planning and preparing required. This paper provides resources to help accounting instructors adopt or design experiential learning activities for their courses. We explain the background and features of experiential learning, identify relevant accounting specific experiential resources, and provide step‐by‐step examples adapting existing accounting course activities to an experiential learning model. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, The University of Tampa, University of Missouri Kansas City PI/PDs: Angela Wheeler Spencer The University of Tampa: Maureen Butler University of Missouri Kansas City: Kimberly Swanson Church
Operating Leases: A Descriptive Analysis Considering recent changes in accounting for leases, we analyze those industries and firms expected to be most heavily impacted by operating lease capitalization. We estimate that both those industries and firms most heavily impacted by recognition will also experience the greatest increase in reliability. We also find that those firms and industries may experience detrimental effects due to relatively high levels of existing debt and tendency to use operating leases to increase existing debt capacity. Overall, however, we find that the bulk of the effects from lease recognition will likely be confined to a relatively small subset of firms. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Mississippi PI/PDs: Angela Wheeler Spencer University of Mississippi: Zach Webb
Special Purpose Vehicles and Audit Fees We document a positive and increasing relationship between use of special purpose vehicles (SPVs) and audit fees. Specifically, we find that use of SPVs, on average, increases audit fees by more than 9 percent while firms with the highest number of SPVs experience audit fees which are over 41 percent higher than firms without SPVs. Overall, our results suggest that auditors price the additional work and risk associated with client utilization of these structures. Evidence provided here is important in better understanding costs associated with use of SPVs and the effects of unique forms of complexity on audit fees. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Mississippi, University of Wisconsin‐ Whitewater PI/PDs: Angela Wheeler Spencer University of Mississippi: Zach Webb University of Wisconsin‐Whitewater: Robert T. Yu
Derivatives Use: Real Activities Manipulation and Manager Ability Derivative use after the implementation of SFAS 133 (now ASC 815) resulted in significant earnings volatility. Given the negative impact of this volatility, firm managers have an incentive to smooth earnings through real activities manipulation. Using a sample of non‐financial firms for the period 2001‐2013, this study examines the impact of hedge ineffectiveness and trading gains/losses on real activities manipulation post ASC 815 and whether manager ability impacts such manipulation. We find that hedge ineffectiveness and trading gains/losses increase the level of total real activities manipulation. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Louisville, Georgia Southern University, University of Texas Pan‐American PI/PDs: Angela Wheeler Spencer University of Louisville: Carolyn Callahan George Southern University: Stephanie Hairston University of Texas Pan‐America: Ji Woo Ryou
Population Heterogeneity and Corporate Tax Compliance This study examines the empirical relationship between population heterogeneity and corporate tax compliance. In recent years, some political movements have called for the establishment of social welfare policies similar to those found in Scandinavian countries. Opponents of the movement have argued that the relative homogeneity of Scandinavian countries is a prerequisite for successful tax policies featuring high tax rates. In addition, studies in economics find conflicting evidence about whether diversity is beneficial or detrimental for public goods provision. This study contributes to both the policy and academic debates. The results suggest that public policy pertaining to public goods needs to take into account population characteristics. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Scott White, Chuong Do
Measuring the Cost of Repatriation Taxes: Evidence from Bonds We examine the extent to which the tax cost of accessing undistributed foreign earnings (UFE) affects bond yields and bond issuance spreads. Repatriation tax costs are unique because they include both recognized deferred tax liabilities and unrecognized potential liabilities for UFE designated as permanently reinvested earnings (PRE). We examine whether the tax costs of accessing UFE affect debt pricing. Overall, our findings suggest that capital market participants are more sophisticated in their pricing of repatriation tax liabilities than is documented by prior research. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Oklahoma, University of Nebraska‐Lincoln, Auburn University PI/PDs: Scott White University of Oklahoma: Bradley S. Blaylock University of Nebraska‐Lincoln: Jimmy F. Downes Auburn University: Mollie E. Mathis
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
The Gender Gap in Undergraduate Economics Course Persistence and Degree Selection This study examines male and female course persistence and choice of economics degree via a combination of student, instructor, and structural characteristics. We find that students of both genders who declare economics as their major are more likely to take additional economics courses than their non‐major peers. Additionally, students’ economics grades are a significant determinant of course persistence and degree selection, but men and women respond somewhat differently to their absolute and relative grades. Finally, men’s economics degree selection is significantly correlated with their math abilities, while women’s economics degree selection is correlated with both their math and verbal aptitudes. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Delaware PI/PD: Laura J. Ahlstrom University of Delaware: Carlos J. Asarta
Navigating the Economics Major: Gender and Students’ Degree Pathways Although nationwide a small percentage of students complete an economics degree, many students who initially select another major switch into economics or add it as a second major. The purpose of this study is to assess gender differences in students’ economics degree attainment based on differences in students’ initial major selections and grades received in their introductory microeconomics course. Findings indicate that both male and female students who initially choose to major in economics have a high probability of graduating with an economics major. Male and female students also respond differently to their absolute and relative introductory microeconomics grades. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Delaware PI/PD: Laura J. Ahlstrom University of Delaware: Carlos J. Asarta
Gender and Performance in Intermediate Microeconomics: Does the Format of the Principles of Microeconomics Course Matter? Prior research indicates that the grade a student receives in a face‐to‐face introductory economics course is a good predictor of success in intermediate economics courses. Using data from administrative records for students who took economics courses at a land‐grant university, this study analyzes the effect that completing an online introductory microeconomics course has on student performance in intermediate microeconomics. Findings indicate significant differential effects by gender for the correlation between taking principles of microeconomics online and the grade received in intermediate microeconomics. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Delaware, St. Cloud State University PI/PDs: Laura J. Ahlstrom University of Delaware: Carlos J. Asarta, St. Cloud State University: David M. Switzer,
Grades as Reference Points: Impact on Motivation and Performance This study examines how students’ performance and degree of satisfaction about their grade on a first exam in an introductory microeconomics course affects future test performance. We hypothesize that a student who is satisfied with the first test grade they receive may not exhibit as much study effort towards the second test as a student who received an undesirable grade. We survey students about their intended test and course grades, study habits, and perceptions of their test grade after they receive their exam scores for each exam and estimate the difference in a student’s grade on the two exams. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Central Oklahoma PI/PDs: Laura J. Ahlstrom University of Central Oklahoma: Mariya Burdina
Does Taking a Principles of Economics Course Online Influence Student Performance in Intermediate Economics Courses? Prior research indicates that the grade a student receives in a face‐to‐face introductory economics course is a good predictor of success in intermediate economics courses. Using data from administrative records for students who took economics courses at a land‐grant university, this study analyzes the effect that completing an online introductory microeconomics course has on student performance in intermediate microeconomics. Findings indicate significant differential effects by gender for the correlation between taking principles of microeconomics online and the grade received in intermediate microeconomics. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Laura J. Ahlstrom
Women in the Finance Major: Gender Disparities in Finance Course Completion and Degree Attainment This study assesses the gender gap in undergraduate students’ finance course persistence, defined as taking an additional finance course after completing an initial course, as well as gender disparities in students’ finance degree selection. The research is guided by the following question: How do student, instructor, and structural (class) characteristics differentially affect gender persistence in taking finance courses and the propensity to earn a finance degree? Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Delaware PI/PDs: Laura J. Ahlstrom University of Delaware: Laura Field
Instructor Gender and Student Performance in Introductory Economics Courses: Is There a Role Model Effect? Past research in economic education has revealed a gender gap in undergraduate economics. Studies also show that the quality of the instructor leads to better outcomes for students and that instructors can act as role models for students. Our study examines the role model effect in the context of the gender gap in achievement in introductory collegiate economics courses. Using an ordered regression, we find that female students perform significantly better in introductory economics courses when taught by female instructors while controlling for other variables. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Delaware PI/PDs: Laura J. Ahlstrom University of Delaware: Rebecca M. Chambers
Long‐term effects of Indian Trade Liberalization on local labor market outcomes In this paper, we examine the impacts of Indian trade‐liberalization introduced in 1991 on the local labor markets. We exploit the fact that trade‐liberalization was forced from outside by IMF, and impacts will vary across industrial distribution of the district during 1991. Using this variation, we look at the evolution of employment, earnings across districts after 10 year and after 20 year of liberalization. We also study the impacts of skill‐premium after 10 and 20 year of liberalization. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, James Madison University PI/PDs: Mehtabul Azam James Madison University: Vipul Bhatt
Household Cooking Fuel Choice in India, 2004‐2012: A Panel Multinomial Analysis We use two waves of nationally representative India Human Development Survey to examine factors driving the cooking fuel choice in urban and rural India, separately. We find that a clean‐ break with the use of traditional fuels is less likely in rural areas, but more probable in urban areas. We also find that access to paved road is an important determinant for rural household adopting clean fuel, and there exists evidence of social spillover effects in rural areas. Moreover, the bargaining power of women that is associated with economic status (e.g. education or economic freedom) is positively associated with the use of clean fuel. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Mehtabul Azam, Ying‐Min Kuo
Female Labor Force Participation: Comparison between China and India China and India are two most populous countries in the world accounting for more than one‐ third of the world’s total population. Although, the male labor force participation is comparable in both countries, female labor force participation in India is much lower than China. In this, paper we examine the reasons behind the huge difference in female labor force participation between the two countries. We find that the difference in female labor force participation cannot be explained by the differences in labor characteristics across the two countries. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Mehtabul Azam, Han Luyi
Are Urban‐Rural Welfare Differences Growing in India? Our main measure of welfare is spatially adjusted per capita consumption expenditure. We find that the urban‐rural gap increased considerably between 1993‐94 and 2004‐05, and increase is larger at the higher quantiles. Using the unconditional quantile regression decomposition, we find that the majority of the gap is explained by the urban advantage in endowments in all four years. The contribution of the unexplained effect (differences in rewards) in urban advantage was negative in 1983 and 1993‐94 across the entire distribution. We find that difference in educational distribution across urban and rural areas is the most important driver of the observed gap. We find similar patterns using income data for 2004‐05 and 2011‐12 from India Human Development Surveys. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Mehtabul Azam Household Income Mobility in India, 1993‐2011 Absolute measures of mobility suggest higher income mobility during 2004‐2011 compared to 1993‐2004, and each social group witnessed higher income mobility over 2004‐2011. Further controlling for district and household characteristics leads to reduction in the differentials in income mobility across social groups, however, significant differentials remain. Although social group differentials in income mobility also exist in urban areas, the differentials are lower in urban areas compared to rural areas. We find similar patterns in social group differentials in mobility over 2004‐2011 using the consumption expenditure as a measure of well‐being. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Mehtabul Azam
Zero Intelligence Firms and Market Power Agent‐based models are an ideal format for examining problems that involve the complex interactions of many people or firms. In this study I examine whether or not zero‐intelligence firms randomly placed around a hypothetical city can discern their market environment and set prices accordingly. The city is segregated by income, so some firms are located close to “rich” areas and others are located close to “poor” areas. Each firm knows only its own cost curve. Firms do not know how many other firms exist, where the other firms are located, or what prices other firms are charging. Firms also know nothing about the consumers. This lack of knowledge makes the firms (almost) zero intelligence agents. Despite this lack of knowledge and with no communication among the firms, I find that firms are able to correctly learn and adapt to difference market settings. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: James Fain
Firm formation with agent location and mobility I alter a previously‐published agent‐based model of endogenous firm formation in a number of ways. I force firms to offer money wages as compensation instead of output shares. I also add geographic locations to the model and allow agents to move. Agents move somewhat randomly, but always to areas that have a higher median income than their current area’s median income. I find that randomly dispersed agents eventually coalesce into identifiable cites and that these cities exhibit some well‐documented elements of urban agglomeration. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: James Fain
Oklahoma Oil and Gas Severance Taxes: A Comparative Analysis Oklahoma assesses a production tax of seven percent on the extraction of oil, natural gas, and other minerals. However, since July 2002, it has taxed production from horizontal wells at only one percent for the first 48 months of production. This is a significant tax incentive relative to its neighboring states, Texas and Kansas, particularly considering the limited evidence as to the effectiveness of severance tax incentives for increasing in‐state development of immobile resources. This paper empirically examines whether the severance tax incentive has encouraged horizontal development in Oklahoma relative to Texas and Kansas. Our findings indicate that the Oklahoma tax exemption has not had a significant influence on horizontal drilling. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Mary N. Gade, Karen Maguire, Francis Makamu
Tax Increment Financing and Spatial Spillovers in Oklahoma City: Estimating the Localized Marginal Effects of Proximity to TIF Districts Tax increment finance (TIF) has become a critical component of local economic development policy over the last six decades. Existing literature has focused on isolating the growth effects of TIF adoption within a linear spatial model. Our findings suggest that much care should be taken when drawing TIF boundaries, recognizing that a small but potentially important subset of parcels could be relegated to the outside of the development zone and left without access to the public support that similar parcels inside the TIF are afforded. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma City University PI/PDs: Mary N. Gade Oklahoma City University: Jacob Dearmon, Russell Evans
A Localized Analysis of Property Tax Incidence Across Space and Time This paper extends and explores the hypothesis that the incidence of the property tax may vary across jurisdictions. We pool observations from 17 independent school districts in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma across 27 years (1982‐2008) and investigate the responsiveness of the tax base to changes in the jurisdiction’s tax rate relative to the county average. Using a Finite Mixture Model approach that allows for estimation of distinct and heterogeneous components, we find evidence that the economic incidence varies across jurisdictions, across time within a jurisdiction, and across specific property tax levies (public schools vs. career tech) within a jurisdiction. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City University PI/PD: Mary N. Gade Oklahoma City University: Russell Evans
Agricultural Transformation and Farmers' Expectations: Randomized Experimental Evidence from Uganda Adoption rate of profitable agricultural technologies in Africa is still low and knowledge gaps remain on why that is the case. We exploit the randomized roll‐out of a national extension service program to specifically investigate the role of farmers' expectations in crop adoption decisions and the extent to which ex‐ante beliefs about crop profitability (i.e. price and yield expectations) explain the resulting outcomes. We find that randomly assigned extension services increase oilseeds adoption by 15% and those farmers who under‐estimate the oilseeds price at baseline are the most likely to adopt the new crops. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University; University di Milano‐‐Bicocca, Centro Studi L.d'Agliano, PI/PDs: Harounan Kazianga Universita di Milano‐‐Bicocca, Centro Studi L.d'Agliano: Zaki Wahhaj, Jacopo Bonan, Mariapia Mendola
Will Urban Migrants Formally Insure their Rural Relatives? Family Networks and Rainfall Index Insurance in Burkina Faso Large segments of the population in developing countries, especially in rural areas, have a high level of vulnerability to weather‐related shocks but have limited means to insure themselves against them. Urban migrants were offered, at the prevailing market price, a rainfall index insurance product that can potentially protect their rural relatives from adverse weather shocks. The product had an uptake of 22% during the two‐week subscription window. Half the urban migrants in the study were randomly offered an insurance policy in which payouts would be made, not to the subscriber, but directly to the intended beneficiary. This feature increased uptake rates by 17‐22 percentage points. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Kent PI/PDs: Harounan Kazianga University of Kent: Zaki Wahhaj
The Long‐Term Impacts of Girl‐Friendly Schools: Evidence from the BRIGHT School Construction Program in Burkina Faso We evaluate the long‐term effects of a “girl‐friendly” primary school program in Burkina Faso, using a regression discontinuity design. Ten years later, primary school‐age children in villages selected for the program attend school more often and score significantly higher on standardized tests. We also find long‐term effects on academic and social outcomes for children exposed earlier in the program. Secondary‐school–age youths and young adults (those old enough to have finished secondary school) complete primary and secondary school at higher rates and perform significantly better on standardized tests. Women old enough to have completed secondary school delay both marriage and childbearing. Sponsors: Oklahoma Stata University, University Texas, Mathematics Policy Research PI/PDs: Harounan Kazianga University of Texas: Leigh Linden Mathematics Policy Research: Nicholas Ingwersen, Arif Mamun, Ali Protik, Matt Sloan
FDI and Economic Growth: Is More Finance Better? To investigate whether the link between FDI and economic growth varies with the level of financial development, we split the sample into different sub‐groups according to their average level of financial development and use a system dynamic panel GMM estimator. Consistent with the "vanishing effect" of financial development, the empirical results show that the positive effect of FDI on economic growth becomes small and less significant, suggesting that more finance is not always better. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, Bates College PI/PDs: J.B. Kim Bates College: Michael Osei
Stock Returns and Mutual Fund Flows in the Korean Financial Market: A System Approach This paper investigates dynamic and causal relations between stock returns and mutual fund flows in Korea using a system method which utilizes information from the stock, bond, and money markets. The empirical evidence from the system method indicates that fund flows do not respond to eliminate the deviation from long‐run equilibrium, and stock prices cause net fund flows in the Korean market, implying that investors move their money to the securities that yield higher returns to rebalance their investment portfolios in the short‐run. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University,The Bank of Korea, Seoul, Korea PI/PDs: J.B. Kim The Bank of Korea: Jung‐Min Kim
A Link between Financial Development and Economic Growth of OECD Countries: A System Approach This paper investigates the dynamic and causal relationships between financial development and economic growth in a system method. Two types of financial development variables are employed for sensitivity analysis. Though the empirical evidence from SURECM and Granger causality test in the system is somewhat sensitive to the financial proxies, it shows that, in sharp contrast to the ordinary method, the financial developments are weakly exogenous and do not respond to eliminate the deviation from long‐run equilibrium. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Minnesota, Duluth PI/PDs: J.B. Kim University of Minnesota, Duluth: Ariuna Taivan
Role of product life cycle in tempering international trade's impact on U.S. workers Theoretical models predicts trade and outsourcing/FDI are affected in a non‐linear manner by industry‐level length of product cycle. Trade and outsourcing affect domestic employment and wages. Our paper empirically examines the effect of product life cycle on trade and how wage and employment outcomes are different for workers similar in all other aspects but working in industries with different lengths of product life cycle. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Bidisha Lahiri, Luyi Han
Effect of India's demonetization move on Trade using synthetic control method The Indian economy has a large segment of small businesses as well as a significant informal sector which were primarily cash based. The government’s surprise move to invalidate existing currencies overnight in an attempt to clear unaccounted cash flows affected the day to day operations for a large segment of domestic producers. We examine the impact of this policy on exports and imports with the expectation of the effect to be stronger in the short run than the long run as the economy adjust to the new system as well as for the short run effect to be stronger for imports relative to exports. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Bidisha Lahiri, Anurag Deb
International Trade in a Surplus Economy The Classical definition of long‐period equilibrium is characterized by the steady state profit rates being equalized across sectors and the long run prices being determined by the cost of production. In this setting we examine the implications of generalized returns to scale on the long‐period equilibrium in a closed economy with 2 goods and 2 inputs where one of the inputs is a produced means of production. The model is then extended to a flexible‐wage‐North and surplus‐labor‐South model of trade where the North produces only capital and the South produces the consumption good using Northern capital. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Duke University PI/PDs: Bidisha Lahiri Duke University: William Darity
Entrepreneurial Effect of Income Program in India Research on an ambitious employment and income guarantee program for the poor in India has found that participation in this program has been stronger for women than men, leading to conclusions of women’s empowerment. The current paper examines if the increase in a family’s non‐farm business ventures is affected by participation in the employment guarantee program, and whether the effect differs across genders. When the endogeneity of program participation is controlled, the results depict that compared to men, the effect of women’s participation in the program has a positive impact on the family’s small business activities as measured by income and receipts from family owned small businesses. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Bidisha Lahiri
Intertemporal preference as a candidate for explaining differences in gender specific outcomes A higher intertemporal rate of discount of young people relative to adults, has been established by empirical research. Incorporating this into the dynamic optimization problem of individuals in deciding their educational choices, the current paper finds that individuals might get into low level equilibrium traps when decisions made in their youth affect the steady state that they reach in their adult age. If societal pressures are more on males, then female individuals, even with a greater freedom of choice, might end up with lower adult welfare levels relative to male outcome. This creates a paradoxical situation where greater choice does not necessarily lead to better long‐term outcomes. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Bidisha Lahiri
The Effect of Land Size and Market Distortions on Bolivian Farmers Access to more land may not lead to income gains for smaller farms in Bolivia. Restrictions on the use of land as collateral cause imperfections in credit and labor markets that lead to lower income as farms reach the institutional threshold for the land’s collateralization. Sponsors: Oklahoma State Universtiy, Oklahoma Department of Human Services PI/PDs: Lee C. Adkins, Bidisha Lahiri Oklahoma Department of Human Services: Naneida Lazarte‐Alcala
Unauthorized Immigration: the Theoretical Effects of a Dual Labor Market The effects on wages, employment, and output in an economy where unskilled labor is employed solely in labor intensive occupations are explored using a two‐sector general equilibrium model. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Universtiy PI/PD: Lee C. Adkins
A Shrinkage Estimator for Endogenous Regressor Models and Weak Instruments A shrinkage estimator is proposed that takes a convex combination of two‐stage least squares and efficient 2‐step GMM estimators. Shrinkage is controlled based on FEFF (see Andrews, 2018). Sponsor: Oklahoma State Universtiy PI/PD: Lee C. Adkins
What’s the Buzz? Sonic Representations of the Business Cycle There are various numerical and graphical ways that cyclical economic data are characterized and studied. In this research, waveforms that characterize fluctuations in macroeconomic data are converted to sound waves, which produce different harmonics based on spectral information contained within their cyclic content. Sponsor: Oklahoma State Universtiy PI/PD: Lee C. Adkins
Creating a Task Domain for Undergraduate Economics. This paper lists task domain for undergraduate economics courses. In addition, each task includes a conditions and standard criterion. Eventually, the skills mapping will identify where economic tasks are initially and subsequently taught during a degree program. In addition, they serve as a record for skills development. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University Pl/PD: William McLean
A Longitudinal Assessment of Economic Learning. This paper evaluates how different factors affect the absorption and retention of basic micro and macro concepts among undergraduate students at Oklahoma State University. We are going to track each student over different semesters and incorporate student fixed effects to remove impact of prior student characteristics on student learning. The paper will investigate how variables like majoring in business, class size, and instructor characteristics affect the absorption of economic concepts. Since learning is cumulative over time, the paper will explore gains (absorption) or loss (erosion) of knowledge. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University Pl/PD: William McLean
Household Debt and Meeting Fertility Intentions This study examines how housing and non‐housing debt impacts the probability that women meet their fertility intentions. Housing debt increases fertility for those planning to have children soon and decreases fertility for those not planning to. Housing debt also decreases the probability women have fewer children than they intended. Greater non‐housing debt, on the other hand, reduces the probability of having children in the short‐term, but only noticeably for non‐married women. However, this reduction is not generally related to a higher probability that women have fewer total children over their lifetime than originally intended ‐ unless those debts persist into their mid‐thirties. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Michael Morris, Karina Shreffler
Neighborhood Violence, Family Stress and College Intentions Student intentions regarding college attendance not only strongly predict earning a higher degree, but also has been found to differ by income and race. We suggest that exposure to neighborhood violence and family stress have negative impacts on college intentions. Using data collected from an in‐depth interview of 206 largely minority (70%) 4th through 12th grade students, and their parents. In estimating indirect effects of neighborhood violence and family stress on college intentions, we find that neighborhood violence has a negative effect through school GPA. Family stress has a negative indirect effect through how much an adolescent enjoys school while parental involvement has a positive impact. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Michael Morris, Michael Criss
Improved IV Estimation of Vertical Property Tax Inequity In this paper we propose a new IV estimator to be used in detecting vertical property tax inequity. We conduct Monte Carlo experiments to evaluate the bias of this estimator in comparison to traditional linear and log‐linear regression based estimators. We find that the new estimator is more robust to bias across alternative average assessment ratios, even in the presences of errors‐in‐variables, than the IV estimator suggested by Clapp (1990) and frequently used for such purposes. Furthermore, the new instrument allows for an investigation into how strong the measurement error in sales prices relative to that in assessed values must be for the results to change from those of the traditional methods. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Michael Morris, Bill Dare
U.S. State and Local Fiscal Policy and Economic Activity: Do We Know More Now? Early reviews of the academic literature on the economic effects of state and local taxes and expenditures suggested that not enough was known upon which to base policy. The reviews called for better data and improvements in empirical methodology. This paper reviews studies conducted since the early literature reviews to assess our current state of knowledge. The conclusion of the study is that we know more now. But our knowledge is unlikely to ever be sufficient to provide universal policy guidance. Rather, we suggest that more research is needed on specific state and local policies for specific circumstances, consistent with the general principles that guide place‐based policy. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Dan Rickman, Hongbo Wang Housing Price and Population Growth across China: The Role of Housing Supply In this paper, we employ a spatial equilibrium growth model to empirically examine the role of housing supply growth in differences in housing price and population growth across the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and major cities of mainland China for 2002‐ 2015. Areas in the East, particularly Shanghai, Ningbo, Qingdao, and Xiamen, are found to have had the least growth in housing supply, while autonomous regions and areas in the Southwest and Northeast had the most. The differences in housing supply growth are shown not only to have greatly influenced relative housing price growth, but they also greatly influenced relative regional population growth, suggesting that land and housing supply policies are a critical component of regional growth in China. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Dan Rickman, Hongbo Wang
Fiscal Implications of Interest Rate Normalization This paper studies the main channels through which interest rate normalization in an economic expansion has fiscal implications, using a New Keynesian model with sovereign default risk. While unexpected inflation reduces the real value of existing government liabilities, a rising policy rate increases government financing needs because of higher interest payments and lower bond prices. After an initial decline, the real government debt burden rises despite higher tax revenues in an expansion. The simulated fiscal limit distributions show that default probabilities for the federal government remain almost zero when net debt is below 100% of GDP. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, International Monetary Fund PI/PDs: Wenyi Shen Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City: Huixin Bi International Monetary Fund: Susan Yang
SCHOOL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The Effects of Failure Avoidance and Self‐Enhancement Motives on Entrepreneurs’ Social Networks in China The extant research illustrated that social networks are crucial for entrepreneurial success. However, few studies have investigated what antecedent factors influence entrepreneurs’ social networks. In this article, we ask the following question: What is the role of entrepreneurs’ motives to avoid failure and enhance self‐esteem in their networking behavior, and personal network structures? Overall, entrepreneurs’ failure avoidance motive and self‐ enhancement motive lead to different structural patterns of entrepreneurs’ networks. Sponsors: Ningbo Soft Science Research Awards, Ningbo City Government. PI/PDs: Bat Batjargal Nottingham University Business School: China: Xi Chen
Family members in top management team, salary payment, and company performance in China In this study, we examine the role of family member – top manager in Top Management Team (TMT) salary payment, managerial shareholding and family firm performance from the integrated perspective of agency theory and TMT research perspective. The study is based on the sample of 1583 Chinese private firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. We found that family membership in TMT has positive effects on TMT salary payment and increased managerial shareholding. However, TMT salary levels negatively moderate the relationship between family membership in TMT and firm performance of private firms in China. Sponsors: Nottingham University Business School, Ningbo, China PI/PDs: Bat Batjargal Nottingham University Business School: China: Xiaogang Bi
The Moderating influence of national culture on female and male entrepreneurs’ social network size and new venture growth Why do men and women experience different returns from their social networks across different national cultures? This question was examined with data from 637 (278 women and 359 men) entrepreneurs across four nations. We found that male entrepreneurs in high relational cultures benefit the most (in terms of growth in revenues) from larger network size while women in low relational cultures benefit the least. In cultures with low gender egalitarianism, male entrepreneurs benefited more from their larger social networks than did the female entrepreneurs. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Nottingham University Business School, Ningbo, China PI/PDs: Bat Batjargal Nottingham University Business School, Ningbo, China: Xiaogang Bi
Religion and Entrepreneurship: Effects of religious beliefs and entrepreneurs’ networks on venture survival This project examines the interaction effects of religious beliefs, on the one hand, and business discussion network size and religion discussion network size, on the other hand, on new venture performance, i.e., venture survival. This is a longitudinal project based on surveys of 248 information technology entrepreneurs in Beijing, China. The preliminary results show that religious beliefs and business discussion network size are substitute each other in terms of effects on venture performance. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Nottingham University Business School, China PI/PDs: Bat Batjargal Nottingham University Business School, Ningbo, China: Xiaogang Bi
Institutional Polycentrism Theory and Global Entrepreneurship Research This is a pure theory development project that examines and explores the concept of institutional polycentrism and its effects on global entrepreneurship rates. Sponsors: Oklahoma State, University Nottingham University Business School, China PI/PDs: Bat Batjargal Nottingham University Business School, Ningbo, China: Xiaogang Bi
Multi‐Family Firms Multi‐family firms represent a large fraction of family firms and of firms in general, yet little is known about this unique organizational form. To fill this void, this study proposes a definition of multi‐family firms. This study distinguishes multi‐family firms from single‐family firms and non‐family firms, based on their family‐centered noneconomic goals and the nature of the relationships between the owning families. It also proposes multi‐family firm characteristics and strategies that may lead to their competitive advantage. Finally, it provides a future research agenda that advance our knowledge of multi‐family firms, and ultimately the family business field. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kristen Madison
The Effects of Spiritual Leadership on Work‐Family Conflict and Organizational Commitment in the Family Firm This study draws from conservation of resources theory to predict that spiritual leadership serves as both a resource to enhance employees’ organizational commitment and a passageway to mitigate the negative effects of work‐family conflict. Using primary triadic data from leaders, family employees, and nonfamily employees in 77 family firms, results indicate that organizational commitment is enhanced by spiritual leadership but is decreased by work‐ family conflict. Surprisingly, spiritual leadership exacerbated the negative effect of work‐family conflict on organizational commitment. Further analysis reveals that family and nonfamily employees respond differently to leadership and work‐family stressors. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kristen Madison
Kinship and Sex in Family Firms: Who Reciprocates the CEO’s Altruistic Behavior? This study introduces “kinship status,” or whether a leader and employee are related, as a new dimension of relational demography. It predicts that kinship status uniquely impacts leader‐ employee relationships and outcomes, and that gendered processes and family simultaneously shape employee experiences in the family firm processes. Data collected from 209 leader‐ employee dyads show that male family employees exhibit the greatest increase in organizational citizenship behaviors as their leader’s altruistic behaviors increase. Female family employees display consistently high organizational citizenship behaviors regardless of their leader’s altruistic behavior, suggesting they may be “unsung heroes” of the family firm. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kristen Madison
Linking the Entrepreneur’s Childhood Communication Patterns to the Innovativeness of their Ventures This study integrates human communication and imprinting theories to advance our understanding of family firm innovation. Using primary triadic data from leaders, family employees, and nonfamily employees in 38 U.S. family firms, results demonstrate the more effective the human communication within the family, the more effective the organizational communication within the family firm and subsequently, the greater the innovativeness. However, due to differing perceptions of family and nonfamily employees, results indicate founder communication patterns do not fully imprint on the family firm. This implies the relationship between founder imprinting and organizational outcomes is more nuanced than theory would suggest. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kristen Madison
Sins of the Parents: How Parenting Style Affects Successors and Key Family Firm Outcomes after Succession The intent to transfer control to the next generation is a defining characteristic of family firms. Yet, most family‐controlled firms fail to transfer control and, when they do, the next generation’s leadership often fails to meet expectations. Ironically, the succession literature fails to leverage sociology research and theory on the key aspect that makes family firms different – i.e., families. Therefore, this study extends parental control theory from sociology and empirically demonstrates that predecessor‐parenting styles have a direct effect on successor psychological profiles, which then influence employee behaviors, thereby explaining why some family successors are more successful than others are. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kristen Madison A Trans active Memory Systems Approach to Knowledge Complementarity and Firm Innovation This study integrates trans active memory systems theory and the knowledge‐based‐view of the firm to provide insight into how small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises can effectively leverage their internal resources for innovation. Using primary triadic data from 38 U.S. firms and dispersion composition modelling, results demonstrate that how employees perceive their knowledge resources relative to other employees directly effects firm innovation. Even though value lies in having complementary knowledge within entrepreneurial ventures, if resources are not leveraged due to differing perceptions among employees, the venture may experience lower levels of innovation. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kristen Madison
When Do Nonfamily Managers Enhance the Performance of Small Family Firms? Employing nonfamily managers can enhance family firm performance. However, highly qualified nonfamily managers often prefer working in nonfamily firms, leaving a less qualified pool of managers available to family firms. We address this paradox using a resource‐based perspective to theorize that family firms with inferior performance benefit most from employing nonfamily managers because this compensates for deficiencies in the quality of family managers. Analysis of 324 small family firms shows that family firms with performance below industry averages experience performance benefits from employing nonfamily managers, while no benefit is gained by family firms with performance above industry averages. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kristen Madison
Family Business as Social Enterprise: An Integrative Review Family businesses and social enterprises represent distinct organizational forms that share underlying motivations and behaviors centered on the pursuit of socially inspired non‐economic goals. This integrative literature review capitalizes on these recent trends and provides an extensive review of the convergent nature of contemporary family business and social enterprise research; identify boundary conditions and divergent barriers to coordinated research activity. This provides a foundation to recognize and pursue promising avenues of future integrative studies that advance our understanding of the non‐economic motivations inspiring this research. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kristen Madison
A Multi‐Signal Perspective on the Reputation of Venture Capital Firms Utilizing a multi‐signal perspective, we examine how IPOs are influenced by the reputation of venture capital firms (VCFs). First, we examine how change in different types of retained founder equity—i.e., newly created equity created at IPO versus existing equity owned prior to IPO—relates to the reputation of venture capital firms that invest in a venture. We then hypothesize conditions under which the reputations of VC firms versus underwriters are substitutable or complementary to reducing IPO underpricing. Finally, we develop competing hypotheses regarding the impact that affiliation between underwriters and VCFs have on underpricing. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Portland State University PI/PDs: Curt B. Moore Portland State University: Theodore Khoury
Entrepreneurship and FDI Building on institutional and Austrian economic theories, we theorize country‐level VC investments reduce information asymmetry and market uncertainty, and, therefore, influence the foreign direct investments (FDI) of multinational corporations (MNCs). Compared to country‐level FDI, analyses of 29 countries over 11 years demonstrate that the relatively small, country‐level VC investments are predictive of subsequent FDI by MNCs. This relationship is dynamic and reinforcing over time, with stronger relationships occurring in countries with higher levels of institutional risk. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas Tech University PI/PDs: Curt B. Moore Texas Tech University: G. Tyge Payne Neurodiversity and Entrepreneurial Cognition Three (3) studies investigating the effect of neurodiversity on entrepreneurial cognition. Specifically, each study focuses on relationships between ADHD and important aspects of entrepreneurial cognition, including cognitive style, coping style, entrepreneurial alertness, entrepreneurial metacognition, and resource‐induced coping heuristics. Ultimately, these studies seek to explore the cognitive benefits and limitations of entrepreneurs with ADHD. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, West Virginia University PI/PDs: Curt B. Moore West Virginia University: Nancy McIntire
Social Capital in Family Business Research: This paper advances the state of knowledge about social capital in family business research. Based on a review of family business articles published over the last two decades, we identify and discuss key issues using social capital perspectives. While our review highlights the extensive utility of social capital perspectives in family business research, substantial research challenges and opportunities still exist for family business scholars. Based on our review, we offer theoretical generalizations, criticisms, and areas for future research. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Boise State University PI/PDs: Curt B. Moore, Bat Batjargal Boise State University: Karen Nicholas
ADHD‐Related Neurodiversity and the Entrepreneurial Mindset In this study, we draw on research from neuroscience and related fields to examine the relationship between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the entrepreneurial mindset. Herein, we examine differences between entrepreneurs with and without ADHD in cognitive style, entrepreneurial alertness, metacognition, and resource‐induced coping heuristic (RICH). Our results suggest neurodiversity that arises from ADHD is meaningfully related to aspects of an entrepreneurial mindset. Specifically, when compared to entrepreneurs without ADHD, we find entrepreneurs with ADHD employ a more intuitive cognitive style and demonstrate higher levels of entrepreneurial alertness and RICH, while no significant differences in metacognition were found. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, West Virginia University PI/PDs: Curt B. Moore West Virginia University: Nancy McIntyre
The Intersection of Family Firms and Institutional Contexts: A Review and Agenda for Future Research Examination of family firms’ interactions with institutional contexts has been a major research stream within family business scholarship. This study reviews three decades of research at the intersection of family firms and institutional contexts. Our review sample includes 124 articles published in 24 top‐level journals across several disciplines. We adopt an institutional theory lens to synthesize this literature and explicate main understandings about how family firm behaviors/outcomes are influenced by or may influence formal and informal institutions in their institutional contexts. Moreover, we discuss major research gaps and unproductive biases in this research area and provide directions for future research. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Rutherford, M., Soleimanof, S., Webb, J.
Business stressors, family‐business identity, and divorce in family business: A vulnerability‐ stress‐adaptation (VSA) model Considerable amount of research focuses on how divorce in enterprising families influences family business outcomes. Yet, the impact that family businesses have on the divorce of enterprising families remains relatively under‐researched. We contribute to the emerging enterprising family heterogeneity literature by building upon the Vulnerability‐Stress‐ Adaptation (VSA) model and explore two questions regarding the influence of family businesses on divorce: Do family business‐related stressors influence divorce? We hypothesize that high levels of debt and high sales revenue levels (as stressors) positively and significantly affect the rate of divorce in family businesses. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Rutherford, M., Sanchez‐Ruiz, P., Maldonado‐Bautista, I.
Entrepreneurship Everywhere: Across Campus, Across Communities, and Across Borders. This paper introduces the theme of this special issue related to Entrepreneurship Everywhere: Across Campus, Across Communities, and Across Borders. We explore three critical points as we set up the accepted articles for the special issue. First, if we are everywhere are we anywhere? Second, we focus on the importance of collaboration. Third, we discuss the importance of strategically planning on how your efforts intervene or integrate into the wider ecosystem. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Rutherford, M, Hornsby, J, Messersmith, J., Simmons, S.
Opaque Costly Signals and Debt Contracts New Ventures that are unable to fund expansion using internal equity and prefer to maintain complete firm ownership may supplement existing cash flow by accessing external funds in the form of debt contracts (Berger & Udell, 1998). These firms send signals to external stakeholders that represent a sufficient level of legitimacy and worthiness of investment. However, many new ventures are unable to send preferred costly signals because they do not possess them. In this study, I examine specific signals that carry the preferred costly weight needed to gain a stakeholder’s perception of legitimacy, however are difficult to fully verify. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Lee Grumbles
Trust the Gut: How Cognitive Biases Interact to Positively Influence Investor Decisions New startup ventures often require funding to grow and succeed. These startups may pitch their business idea to a venture capitalist or angel investor to gain resources When evaluating the potential of the new venture idea, investors rely on “gut” feelings based on perceptions of the venture’s probability of success. These gut feelings are subjective and produce biased decisions that ultimately contribute to successes for investors. These cognitive biases have interactive effects that magnify or diminish the biased decision to invest. This study will contribute to our understanding of the interaction of the most impactful cognitive biases prevalent in early investment decision‐making. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Michael Caston
The Entrepreneur/Investor Idea Elaboration Helix This research conceptualizes startup investments as a function of three interconnected factors influencing each other: entrepreneurs, the opportunity/venture, and investors (Gianiodis, Markman, & Espina, 2017). This interconnectivity can be established through interactions such as narrative pitches, dialogue, collaboration, and negotiations. As ideas are mentally simulated and discovery continues throughout the interaction (e.g. negotiation), cognitive elaborations may generate new ideas to be incorporated into the perceived opportunity. If the entrepreneur/investor dyad mutually builds upon the initially pitched idea, then a sort of helix is established. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Clinton T. Purtell
Will Crypto Become Actual? An Institutional Approach to Cryptocurrency How can cryptocurrency gain legitimacy in the eyes of users? We propose that cryptocurrency firms, through evasive entrepreneurial actions reflected by rhetorical strategies, can acquire legitimacy in the market that will ultimately reduce institutional uncertainty. Drawing from Williamson’s (1998, 2000) hierarchical model of institutional systems, we propose that legitimacy acquisition at the market level via evasive action will attenuate uncertainty in the formal institutional environment; which will beget additional legitimacy for cryptocurrencies, and thus higher performance to those firms, on average. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Duygu Phillips, Per Bylund
New Venture Legitimacy Diffusion: The Role of Storytelling and Social Networks Legitimacy diffusion is critical for new venture success, survival, and growth. Storytelling is a powerful technique to acquire legitimacy as well as to diffuse it. The focus of the current study is to analyze the role of storytelling in social media, specifically on Twitter. We also investigate the moderating effects of social networks based on network density and eigenvector centrality. Results indicate that storytelling in social media can be effective in legitimacy diffusion and that storytelling elements influence the extent on diffusion, specifically cognitive, pragmatic and emotional elements as well as network density and eigenvector centrality. Implications and limitations are discussed. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Duygu Phillips, Curt Moore
Creative Potential, Preparedness, and Investment Decisions: A Unimodel of Persuasion Using the Video Metric Approach In this study, we marry the literature on creative potential prototypes of pitchers (Elsbach & Kramer, 2003) with research findings regarding the importance of entrepreneurs’ cognitive preparedness (e.g. Chen et al., 2009) to develop configurations of entrepreneurs’ creative potential and preparedness. More specifically, our models explore the associations between entrepreneurs’ creative potential—in business pitches reflecting artist, storyteller, showrunner, neophyte, journeyman, dealmaker, non‐writer prototypes (Elsbach & Kramer, 2003)—and financers’ decisions to provide capital in support of the entrepreneur. Moreover, we posit that the above relationships will be moderated (enhanced or hindered) by entrepreneurs’ preparedness displayed during the business pitch. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: I Matt Rutherford, lleana Maldonada‐Bautista, Paul Sanchez
Effects of New Venture Name Characteristics on Purchase Intentions and Performance with the Mediating Role of New Venture Legitimacy A new venture’s name is a key element for its survival and growth. Drawing on organizational identity theory and legitimacy literature, this study empirically analyzes the effects of various characteristics of names on new venture legitimacy as well as on purchase intensions and consequently on new venture performance. The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the literature through a detailed analysis of new venture names and their effects on legitimacy and performance as well as to create a guideline for entrepreneurs to selecting a name for their startups. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Duygu Phillips, Bryan Edwards
Grit and Orientation to Happiness: A Taxonomy and Relationships with Entrepreneurial Goals Individual differences with regard to grit are likely contingent upon what makes individuals happy. To advance theory related to individual differences with regard to grit, this study develops a taxonomy of entrepreneurial motivational dispositions by including orientation to happiness. Our configuration analyses on a sample of 150 entrepreneurs finds that four clusters exists: “Gritty Hedonist”, Gritty and Balanced”, “Inconsistently Engaged” and “Stuck in the Middle.” The specific configurations of the multiple sub‐dimensions of grit and orientation to happiness in each cluster are noted, and the effects on entrepreneurial outcomes are identified. This study advances understanding of the heterogeneous nature of entrepreneurs’ motivational dispositions. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Alex Lawrence, Ileana Maldonada‐Bautista, David Noack
Entrepreneur Problem Recognition: Does Legitimacy Matter? Research has asserted that entrepreneurs are subject to a wide variety of cognitive biases (e.g., overconfidence). However, scholars have yet to establish whether these biases are always detrimental to the creation of successful new ventures. In this paper, we (1) assert and test the notion that entrepreneurs are subject to a problem recognition bias, (2) argue that legitimacy status is likely the key catalyst stimulating the entrepreneur problem recognition bias, and (3) posit that the entrepreneur problem recognition bias is beneficial in the new venture creation process. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Neil Tocher, Paul Sanchez Ruiz, Ludvig Levasseur
A Note on the Impact of Debt and Equity Determinants on De Novo Firm Outcomes: A Model Robustness Analysis We evaluate the robustness of 34 possible drivers that are broadly classified in four groups: (1) inside equity, (2) inside debt, (3) outside equity, and (4) outside debt. We estimate the sampling distribution of 114,688 models in a panel of de novo firms from the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) by conducting a systematic sensitivity analysis. The results suggest that some capital structure variables are robustly correlated with firm outcomes (ROA, growth, survival), but many are not. Specifically, we find no evidence to suggest that angel and venture capital equity financing are key indicators of de novo firm growth and profitability. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Paul Sanchez, Duygu Phillips
Aligning Entrepreneurial Project Characteristics with Financing Sources: A Taxonomy, Relationships, and Advancement Unique characteristics among entrepreneurial projects have both positive and negative effects on financiers’ judgmental funding decisions. To better understand these characteristics and advance related theory, this study develops a taxonomy of entrepreneurial projects. More specifically, using configuration analyses on a sample of 521 projects, we find that five clusters exist that include projects with Pragmatic, Planned, Innovative, Political, and Provincial characteristics. The specific configurations of each cluster are noted and effects on funding decision outcomes are identified to advance understanding of the heterogeneous nature of entrepreneurial projects. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Ileana Maldonada‐Bautista, Paul Sanchez,
Science‐Practice Gap: Does Innovative Academic Knowledge Diffuse? It has been noted that few practitioners read academic research. In fact, we know that some robust and rigorous scholarship is effectively communicated to practitioners. I hold that once we understand the anatomy of the communicative scholarship, we can begin to close the gap more effectively. By framing scholarship as an innovation, I can investigate the underlying components, (i.e., relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trial ability, and observability) of academic research. With this framework, I will contrast the profiles of adopted research with non‐adopted research. Subsequent to this, among the adopted research, I evaluate the impact of the components on the time and extent of diffusion. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Justin White, Danny Holt, Bryan Edwards
Running the Gauntlet: Surviving and Thriving during Recession Results from an 8‐year analysis of 3,869 firms that were founded just prior to the start of the Great Recession indicate that new ventures which display a commitment towards “durability resources” are more likely to survive a recession—and thrive afterword. With regard to these resources, we found that elevated levels of 1) human capital 2) inside funding, and 3) commitment to employees were the most strongly related with positive outcomes. Conversely, high levels of outside funding tended to be negatively associated with performance during a recession. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Paul Sanchez, Matt Mazzei
Deliberate Practice as Entrepreneurship Curriculum: A Study of Middle School Girls in Economically Challenged Regions Can the deliberate practice process be employed to swiftly improve individual entrepreneurial performance? To address this question, a curriculum was developed based on the deliberate practice model and administered to middle school girls from economically challenged regions to determine whether deliberate entrepreneurial skills practice could lead to the expeditious acquisition of enhanced entrepreneurial performance. Our findings confirmed the conceptual relationship between deliberate practice and entrepreneurial performance. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used by researchers, educators, and policy makers to address a general lack of entrepreneurship in economically challenged regions. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Matt Rutherford, Angela Reddix, Rathin Sarathy, Lincoln Brown
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
Digital Average Price Options (DAPO) We present an analytical solution for Digital Average Price Options (DAPO). This is an extension of digital options to incorporate average price or Asian price characteristics. We build on work by Zhang (1998), Turnbull and Wakeman (1991), and Haug (2004). We utilize numerical difference methods to calculate the Greeks based on the derived closed‐form solution. These options can be used to manage risk or generate income. These products can effectively manager tail risk exposures with one transaction for an energy company who is exposed to multiple types of tail risk, which otherwise would require insuring each event with separate transactions. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/Pd: Joe W. Byers How to Bring Rigorous Risk Management to Classroom and Research Projects: Implementing Document Control, Disaster Recovery, and Security Standards for the Academic. All teachers struggle with security, version control, and disaster recovery of their classroom, research, and administrative documents. The paper will demonstrate that utilizing techniques and technology from FOSS one can protect their documents and intellectual property. The paper show how to version control documents in the cloud, providing disaster recovery at all times, and access from anywhere one has access to the internet. We further demonstrate the security provided by these methods to protect intellectual property and fraud in our virtual age. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/Pd: Joe W. Byers
Online Exams, an Algorithm for Randomizing Questions to Mitigate the Risk of Fraud. We provide a proof of concept for algorithms that will mitigate the risk of fraud for online Multiple choice exams with significant probabilities. The algorithm is implement in an open source software Ruby. This algorithm will take standard multiple choice and randomize the questions as different multiple choice and true/false questions that include negative variants of the questions. One simple question with four options including an all of the above will generate questions in terms of four factorial. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/Pd: Joe W. Byers
Constraints and Boundary Conditions for Real Option Valuation and Risk Management of Commodity Storage using constrained optimization. This paper extends Byers (2005) and Byers (2006) with further insights on monetizing the a Real Options Commodity Assets with flow constraints. The paper shows how the real asset can be fully hedged using standard liquid derivatives that are openly traded. We effectively build a "box" around the value of the asset. This paper overcomes other valuation and risk management techniques that rely on stochastic modeling and implementing derivatives that do not trade in the market, so all valuation contains bias and error from parameters estimations. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/Pd: Joe W. Byers
Volatility Persistence or Price Outliers, a Tail of Two Methods? Volatility persistence is related to the duration of shocks to volatility. These are events that cause a shift in the standard deviation of an asset's returns that decay over time. The duration can be short, medium, long. An alternative explanation is how outliers impact asset returns through the mean of the return process, not the volatility. This will have not volatility persistence for all outlier types but one, the innovative outlier (IO). This paper will investigate the impact of controlling for mean shocks (Outliers) to and the asset return process with respect to past volatility persistence patterns. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/Pd: Joe W. Byers
Round and Charm Number Pricing of Real Estate Researchers of stock data have found that prices tend to clump around “round” numbers and more transactions take place on specific digits and, before decimalization, “even eighths.” Real estate list prices commonly use “charm pricing.” Allen and Dare (2004, 2006) found that transaction prices of charm listed properties brought more in actual price when compared to equivalent properties without charm listing, thus indicating a possible signaling from seller to buyer. We extend the investigation of charm pricing by analyzing actual prices for real estate. We find in the majority of transactions, round numbers, fives and zeros, dominate final transaction prices. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: William Dare Florida Gulf Coast University: Marcus T. Allen
Sports Gambling as an Asset Class The Supreme Court recently stuck down the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, creating the possibility of legal sports gambling in the US. The difference between sports and casino gambling is that in sports gambling; the odds of winning are determined by the individuals; those betting, taking the bets, and all involved. We offer a gambling market efficiency test that evaluates betting strategy returns with the risk return tradeoff; specifically, the S&P 500. This incorporates the well‐known Kelly criterion to reexamine the well‐ documented bias of NFL games with the tests indicating much less of an inefficiency than previously reported. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: William Dare Florida Gulf Coast University: Marcus T. Allen
Secondary Market Frictions and Real Firm Activity We show that secondary market structure and trading activity impacts the cost of issuing new debt. Firms with existing illiquid debt are less likely to issue new debt within a given year, and, when they do, face higher borrowing costs. Using the staggered implementation of TRACE and a regression discontinuity design we also show that improvements in market design and transparency subsequently lowers the cost of debt. Additionally, our results indicate that liquidity and price discovery affect firms’ decisions related to capital structure and investment. Overall, the results provide understanding of the connection between the secondary market and real economy. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Tennessee, University of Alabama, Burmingham PI/PDs: Ryan Davis University of Tennessee: David Maslar University of Alabama, Burmingham: Brian Roseman
Measuring Institutional Trading Costs and the Implications for Finance Research: The Case of Tick Size Reductions Abstract: We demonstrate that many widely used liquidity measures do not adequately capture institutional trading costs. Using proprietary data, we construct a price impact measure that better represents the costs faced by institutional investors. We find that price impact is not correlated with many common liquidity proxies. In addition, institutional trading costs are not dramatically impacted by decimalization, casting doubt on the widely used identification strategy that employs decimalization as an exogenous shock to liquidity, particularly institutional liquidity. Indeed, we find that conclusions from prior research are significantly altered when we measure liquidity using institutional trading data. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Gregory Eaton
Measuring M&A premiums: Does the Use of Fixed Pre‐Merger Event Windows Impart Bias? Most academic studies use fixed pre‐announcement event days (such as ‐20, ‐42, or ‐63) to measure unaffected target‐firm stock prices. In this paper, we demonstrate that the use of fixed pre‐announcement event days generates downward bias in measured premiums, especially for more recent samples and for transactions with long deal processes (such as target‐initiated deals). We take account of this bias by hand‐collecting deal initiation dates and demonstrate that using these dates results in measured premiums that give contradictory conclusions to those found in the existing literature. We also offer guidance for measuring M&A premiums if hand‐collecting data is impractical. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Gregory Eaton
Ambiguity Aversion and Asset Price Dynamics We derive the equilibrium asset expected returns when there is ambiguity in asset expected returns, as well as ambiguity in asset return variances. In our model, ambiguity risk is systematic in nature and is non‐diversifiable. Under regularity conditions, expected asset returns are linearly increasing in variance risk and ambiguity risk. We show that a beta pricing model can be derived from the equilibrium expected return function, which contains a systematic return factor and an ambiguity portfolio return factor, where the ambiguity portfolio weights are determined within the model. We test our model empirically and we obtain the model‐implied results. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, Rutgers Business School PI/PDs: Louis Piccotti Rutgers Business School: Yangru Wu
A Multiscale Estimator for Pricing Errors in High‐frequency Financial Market For a Lévy process corrupted with microstructure noise, I derive the sampling distributions for the information‐related and information‐unrelated pricing error parameters and for the variance of latent true price returns (a noise‐robust and consistent estimator of realized variance). The test statistics converge in distribution to the standard normal distribution, while statistics for joint tests, tests for intraday seasonality, and tests for time varying parameters converge in distribution to the 𝜒 distribution. Simulation evidence verifies that test statistics display good properties. As an empirical example, the proposed tests are taken to a sample of exchange rates, commodities, and index futures. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Louis Piccotti
Portfolio Frequency Structure Preferences I examine the optimal portfolio allocation for investors with risk frequency preferences. As an implication, the portfolio opportunity set can be uniquely constructed from a set of basis frequency structures. Factor model representations represent restrictions on the frequency structure space, which is equivalent to finding a linear combination of frequency structures that are required to price a portfolio. A portfolio’s alpha results from the frequency structure misalignment between the marginal investor and the factor model implied one. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Louis Piccotti
Financial Contagion: Bank Characteristics Matter We systematically examine how bank characteristics are related to a bank’s financial contagion exposure. Examining capital requirements, we find evidence that while tier 1 capital requirements are negatively related to a bank’s contagion exposure, the sum of tier 1 and tier 2 capital ratios are positively related to it. Banks with greater financial constraints are less exposed to contagion. Geographic distance between banks is negatively related to contagion exposures and we find evidence that institutional ownership is positively related to banks’ contagion exposures. Finally, we find that board attributes that reduce banks’ risk taking incentives negatively associate with financial contagion. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Louis Piccotti, Sharif Mazumder
Are Options Redundant? The Benefits of Synthetic Diversification This paper examines an alternative avenue through which trading in options can expand investors’ opportunity sets, unrelated to private information, differing opinions, endowments, or trading restrictions in the stock market. Investors can synthetically replicate the return profile of optionable stocks using options for a fraction of the cost of holding the underlying securities, which makes diversification more cost‐efficient. We find that the option to stock volume ratio increases when stock price, idiosyncratic risk, stock illiquidity, borrowing cost, and market risk aversion are high. In addition, institutional holdings and option trading have a U‐ shaped relation. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Louis Piccotti, Yifan Liu
Portfolio Returns and Consumption Growth Covariation in the Frequency Domain, Real Economic Activity, and Expected Returns The slope of the portfolio return and consumption growth co‐spectrum contains predictive information about future real economic activity; future recession probabilities, the risk aversion coefficient, as well as future expected returns. Commonly used economic variables do not subsume the predictive power of the co‐spectrum slope and while the interest rate term spread largely fails to predict the Financial Crisis, the set of co‐spectrum slopes predicts the crisis with a 75% probability. The co‐spectrum slope significantly improves the fit of long‐horizon expected return models and contains more significant predictive information than the current dividend yield. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Louis Piccotti
Information shares in a two‐tier FX market Using several measures of information share, we examine price discovery across the inter‐ dealer and dealer‐customer market tiers in the currencies market. In the spot market, the information share of the inter‐dealer tier is higher than that of the dealer‐customer one for non‐financial sector trades and is lower than the dealer‐customer tier for foreign investors’ sell trades. In the forward market, the dealer‐customer tier generally has the greater information share at the dealer’s buy side. Our results indicate the market where customers’ trades are the most informative and demonstrate how exogenous events affect price discovery across markets and market tiers. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Bank of Israel PI/PDs: Louis Piccotti Bank of Israel: Ben Z. Schreiber
Strategic Trade when Securitized Portfolio Values are Unknown I examine the effect that securitization has on the market quality of the underlying asset, as well as focus on the market quality of the derivative asset. In a market comprised of liquidity traders, an informed trader, and an arbitrageur, with securitization, the underlying portfolio has improved liquidity, the trading intensity of the informed trader is increased, and the informed trader's expected profit is increased. The combination of the underlying portfolio and derivative portfolio prices can fully reveal the unknown liquidation value of the underlying portfolio. The derivative price can also be fully revealing about the unknown tracking error. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Louis Piccotti
Differential Risk Premiums and the UIP Puzzle We re‐specify the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) conditions by inverting the market price of risk formula. Our empirical model provides new insights, which show that violations to UIP stems from the existence of a risk premium in exchange rates and from observed market return differentials being a noisy statistic of the markets' expected return differentials in our re‐ specified model. Using an integrated macro‐microstructure framework for expected market return differentials improves our model fit and the validity of UIP. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University at Albany, SUNY, Bank of Israel PI/PDs: Louis Piccotti University at Albany, SUNY: Rita Biswas Bank of Israel: Ben Z. Schreiber Informed Trading Surrounding Data Breaches in Options Markets We explore whether there is informed trading, which takes advantage of data breach events. By analyzing transactions in the options market, we find two distinct informed trading patterns that begin approximately three months and nine months prior to corporate data‐breach announcements, which are supported by evidence of higher trading volume and open interest for put options, a higher put‐to‐call volume ratio, a higher put‐to‐call open interest ratio, and lower spreads prior to data‐breach announcements. We further examine stock reactions following data‐breach announcements and find significantly negative CARs of ‐0.35% within one day. Cross‐sectional analysis provides evidence that options trading activity have predictive power for stock returns. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Louis Piccotti, Emily Wang
Covariance Matrix Jumps in High‐Frequency Financial Markets In this paper, we examine jumps and co‐jumps in the covariance matrix for high‐frequency financial markets. We formulate the jump test as a two‐step estimator, which allows us to identify jumps in both asset prices and the covariance matrix through time. We provide simulation results of our estimator’s performance and we provide an empirical example with exchange rates. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Louis Piccotti, Yuri Hupka
Bond Market Structure and Volatility We examine price volatility in a bond market using the variance ratio concept. The variance ratio methodology has been used to study the price volatility of equity markets extensively. To our knowledge, our article is the first to study the price volatility in a bond market. We find that the open‐to‐open return volatility is on average higher than the close‐to‐close return volatility. This implies that the market mechanism at open affects the price volatility of the bond market. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Georgia College PI/PDs: Louis Piccotti Georgia College: Isarin Durongkadej
Option Pricing in the Presence of Pricing Errors in the Underlying In this paper, I examine how option prices need to be adjusted when the underlying asset has microstructure noise. A closed‐form solution is attained, which modifies the BSM option pricing model. Near‐to‐maturity options are the most mispriced, while Far‐to‐maturity options continue to be relatively fairly priced in the BSM model. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Louis Piccotti
Cash Holdings and CEO Risk Incentive Compensation: Effect of CEO Risk Aversion We examine the risk incentive effect of CEO compensation (Vega) on firm cash holdings and how this relationship is moderated by managerial risk aversion. We find that Vega is positively related to cash holdings and that this relationship is enhanced for firms with greater managerial risk aversion. We conclude that managers appropriately respond to risk incentives by taking on riskier projects but increase cash holdings to reduce their undiversified risk to the firm as a consequence of greater risk incentive compensation. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Penn State University‐Behrend PI/PDs: Ramesh P. Rao Penn State University‐Behrend: Harry Feng
Debt Diversification and Financial Constraints This study examines the impact of debt diversification on the external financing constraints of US firms. We argue that firms are motivated to diversify their debt sources in order to decrease their financial constraints. Using the well‐established measure of cash flow sensitivity of cash to assess the degree of financial constraint, we find that debt diversification indeed has a negative impact on the financial constraints faced by firms. This result is robust across multiple methods of classifying firms based on their inherent degree of financial constraint including firm age, dividend payout, and growth opportunity. Sponsors: State of Oklahoma, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, IMT‐Nagpur PI/PDs: Ramesh P. Rao Indiana University of Pennsylvania: Namrata Saikia IMT‐Nagpur: Nemiraja Jadiyappa
The Positive Externalities of Leveraged Buyouts We show that private equity‐sponsored going‐private announcements can evoke positive externality effects on their industry peers. It is well‐established that “active” ownership of private equity (PE) houses increases competitiveness of target firms by improving their operational strategies and corporate governance. We argue that private equity‐sponsored going‐private announcements should also impact their industry peers as a result of increased takeover threat and competitive pressure felt by the peers. Industry peers mitigate the increased takeover threat and competitive pressure by significantly improving their operational efficiency, engaging in long‐term innovation and enhancing their corporate governance. Sponsors: State of Oklahoma, Penn State University‐Behrend PI/PDs: Ramesh P. Rao Penn State University‐Behrend: Harry Feng
One Stone Kills Two Birds: The Effects of a Tick Size Increase on Equity and Option Liquidity We examine the impact of the 2016 U.S. SEC Tick Size Pilot Program on liquidity in both the equity and options markets. We find that an increase in the tick size from one‐cent to five‐cents degrades stock liquidity for treatment stocks constrained by the minimum price variation, relative to control stocks. However, for the subset of treatment stocks with an active option series, the deterioration in stock liquidity is mitigated. We also find an unfavorable liquidity spillover effect from the underlying stock market to the options market, which seems to be driven by a shift in information‐based trading from equities to options. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Utah State University PI/PDs: Brian Roseman, Danjue Shang Utah State University: Todd Griffith, Danjue Shang Passive Informed Trading Around Earnings Announcements Using a sample of NASDAQ firms, we investigate informed trading in the limit order book prior to earnings announcements. Consistent with recent limit order theory, and in contrast to classic adverse selection models, we show that liquidity improves during periods of asymmetric information, which is attributed to the liquidity supply of informed traders. For earnings announcements with high absolute returns, we find that the quoted spread is low, bid and ask depth is highly correlated, the implied cost to trade is low, and the information‐share of the limit order book is high, relative to earnings announcements with low absolute returns. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Texas, El Paso PI/PDs: Brian Roseman University of Texas, El Paso: Jim Upson
The Efficacy of Buying Stocks on Margin In this paper, I explore the historical return distributions of various levered investment strategies in equities and test whether investing in stocks using broker’s call loans is more effective than investing in stocks on a cash only basis. Using the CRSP value weighted index as well as randomly selected portfolios of stocks, I simulate investment on margin using the rules that brokers impose on investors. sing portfolios of stocks as test assets, I find that investing in stocks on margin is also more effective than investing in stocks on cash, regardless of the policy stance of the Fed. Other extensive tests are conducted. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Eric Sisneros, Jeffrey M. Mercer
TIPS in the Rearview Mirror: A Relative Performance Comparison Abstract: We study the ex‐post performance of Treasury Inflation‐Protected Securities (TIPS) relative to a maturity‐matched nominal Treasury security. We construct two performance measures, a wealth relative ratio and wealth difference, to explore the performance from the investor’s perspective. We find that TIPS significantly outperform their maturity‐matched nominal security because the actual inflation exceeds ex‐ante inflation expectations. We show that a taxable TIPS investor may realize negative net cash flows, and confirm that the unique tax treatment of TIPS does not impact the relative performance. Sponsors: Texas Tech University, Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Eric Sisneros, Joshua Fairbanks, Scott E. Hein
Economics of Distributed Power Generation via Gasification of Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste This study investigates the economics of power generation through gasification of biomass and MSW using a 60‐kW downdraft gasifier, developed at Oklahoma State University. Effects of feedstock cost, electricity selling price, feed‐in‐tariff, tipping fee, tax rate, and the output power are evaluated using major financial parameters. Results show that the 60‐kW downdraft gasification power system offers a PP of 7.7 years, while generating an IRR, MIRR, and NPV of 10.9%, 7.7%, and $84,550, respectively. Results from a sensitivity analysis indicate that the feed in tariff, has the greatest positive impact on the project’s NPV. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, National Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia PI/PDs: Betty Simkins, Ajay Kumar, Raymond L. Huhnke National Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia: Natarianto Indrawan
Energy Realities and U.S. Energy Policy This study discusses six energy realities and the implications for U.S. energy policy: (1) We are not running out of fossil fuels. All energy sources should be promoted and not punished. (2) Energy transitions are generally slow and historically have taken up to a century. (3) Energy is all about thermodynamics and financial economics. (4) Renewable energy sources help but they are just part of the solution. (5) We need to focus on what the science and economics of energy and not let politics impact our judgement. And (6) The public is misinformed about energy. Energy education is a must. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Betty Simkins
Real Options Evaluation and Decision‐Making in Petroleum Exploration and Production This study establishes a risk‐neutral binomial lattice method to apply real options theory to valuation and decision‐making in the petroleum exploration and production (E&P) industry under uncertain oil prices. The research is applied to the switching time from primary to water flooding oil recovery. The established real options evaluation framework enhances the valuation and decision‐making for petroleum E&P industry including when to switch from one enhanced oil recovery method to another and when to switch from conventional to unconventional hydrocarbon production. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Texas PI/PDs: Betty Simkins, Liying Xu University of Texas at Austin: Kamy Sephrnoori, Jim S. Dyer
Cyber Threat Risk and Firm Governance and Risk Implications This research explores cyber threat attacks on firms in the U.S. and the firms’ responses to improve cyber risk oversight by the board of directors. Other risk implications are explored. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of New Mexico PI/PDs: Betty Simkins, Emily Wang University of New Mexico: Subbu Iyer
Robust Estimation of Conditional Risk Measures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Futures Prices in the Presence of Outliers In this study, we employ statistical procedures to identify outliers in the prices for all crude oil and natural gas futures contracts traded on the. Empirical results for crude oil and natural gas futures contracts show that handling outliers when performing parametric estimation of the data generating process can have a large impact on the estimation of various risk metrics including value at risk, expected shortfall, and probability of outperforming a benchmark. Our research demonstrates that it is crucial to manage outliers to decrease bias of the data generating process. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas State University PI/PDs: Betty Simkins, Joe Byers Texas State University: Ivilina Popova
The Influence of Major News Events in Causing Outliers for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Commodity Futures Prices The main goal of this research is to improve our understanding of the impact of major news events in causing outliers in commodity futures prices. Research to date has been sparse. On any given day, natural gas futures can have up to 120 risk factors based on each open contract and these risk factors are driven by different news events. This research studies news around when the major outliers occur, and analyzes what specific types of news events can cause different types of price impacts (outliers) in futures prices. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas State University PI/PDs: Betty Simkins, Joe Byers Texas State University: Ivilina Popova
Does Risk Management Add Value? An Update This study reviews the literature on corporate risk management by nonfinancial firms and provides a review of the findings to date. The study discusses the theories and methodologies used and provides suggestions for future research in this area. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Oklahoma PI/PDs: Betty Simkins University of Oklahoma: Chitru Fernando
Susser Petroleum Partners, LP: IPO of a Master Limited Partnership This case study investigates the 2012 IPO by Susser Holdings to create the first master limited partnership (MLP) in the fuel distribution business. The case study explores the rationale for the MLP and investigates the valuation of this unique transaction. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Texas, Austin, University of Virginia PI/PDs: Betty Simkins University of Virginia: Susan Chaplinsky University of Texas Austin: Sheridan Titman
Determinants of NCAA Football Head Coaches’ Salaries This study examines National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) head football coach’s contracts to investigate the determinants of both maximum compensation and guaranteed compensation. The results show that maximum compensation is positively related to both the performance of a university’s football program and the head football coach. Sponsors: State of Oklahoma, Valparaiso University, Georgia Tech University PI/PDs: Betty Simkins Valparaiso University: Phillip Humphrey Georgia Tech: Jacqueline Garner
Investor Attention and the Neutrality of Corporate Social Responsibility In this study we investigate the effect of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) factors and investor attention on the higher moments of a firm’s stock returns. Our preliminary results show that minimizing exposure to "concern" factors lowers a firm’s exposure to crash risk. Sponsors: State of Oklahoma, Texas State University PI/PDs: Betty Simkins Texas State University: Ivilina Popova
Public Information and Stale Limit Orders: The Evidence In a specialist market public information shocks may generate a sequence of transactions at stale prices, as nimble floor traders pick off obsolete limit orders. We design a test for the importance of public information in price formation around this fact. We find that removing all potentially stale limit order trades from the transactions record has no significant effect on a statistic that links price change to transactions. We use the bootstrap to calibrate this result and demonstrate that public information shocks account for a small portion of stock return variances. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Arizona PI/PDs: Qin Emma Wang University of Arizona: Chris Lamoureux
Second and Higher Moments of Fundamentals: A Literature Review This literature review outlines the recent progress in fundamental second and higher moments research. We survey the moments' existence, formation, and financial market and macroeconomic implications. Research shows that time‐varying volatility and non‐Gaussian shocks exist throughout all measures of fundamentals at both the micro and macro levels. Additionally, the granular network among firms helps explain the origin of fundamental second and higher moments. Empirical evidence shows that the moments have strong predictive power on asset prices and macroeconomic variables. We also highlight several areas where more research is needed to better understand the moments. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Central University of Finance and Economics, Texas State University PI/PDs: Qin Emma Wang, Betty Simkins, Central University of Finance and Economics: Yuecheng Jia Texas State University: Ivilina Popova
Stock Market Return Predictability: Evidence from A Decomposition of Dividend Yield The existing marginally significant evidence for the one‐year stock market return predictability by the dividend yield is the result of an error‐in‐variable problem. A decomposition shows that the trend and innovation components of dividend yield correspond to the expected future long‐ term and one‐year returns, respectively. Robust in‐sample and out‐of‐sample evidence is documented that the innovation provides superior next‐year return predictability than the dividend yield, while the trend captures the long‐run predictability of dividend yield. The findings are consistent with a time‐varying and predictable term structure of expected stock returns. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Shu Yan
Information Spillovers and Predictable Currency Returns: An Analysis via Machine Learning This paper employs the post‐Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (post‐LASSO) to forecast 1‐month‐ahead currency return using all other currencies' lagged forward discounts as candidate predictors. The trading strategy of buying (selling) quintile currency portfolios of high (low) post‐LASSO forecasts yields a monthly excess return of 1.05% for the 48‐currency sample. The results do not change even after controlling for various predictors. The predictive power of the post‐LASSO comes from two sources. First, it identifies the origin currencies of information spillovers, which are sparse and time‐varying. Second, it incorporates cross‐sectional variations in currencies' predictive relations with the origin currencies. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Rutgers University, Central University of Finance and Economics, China PI/PDs: Shu Yan Rutgers University: Yangru Wu Central University of Finance and Economics: Yuecheng Jia
A Seesaw Effect in the Cryptocurrency Market: Understanding the Lead‐Lag Effect Among Cryptocurrencies This paper investigates the cross predictability of intraday returns across 22 major cryptocurrencies. In contrast to the well‐documented positive lead‐lag effect in the equity market, we document a significantly negative lead‐lag effect (“seesaw effect") in the cryptocurrency market: The five largest cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ripple, Ethereum, Litecoin, and EOScoin) negatively predict the returns of other coins but not vice versa. Trading strategies that exploit the cross predictability yield highly significant profits. Further analysis suggests that the “flight to hot large coins" and “flee from cold large coins" jointly drive the seesaw effect. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Rutgers University, Central University of Finance and Economics, China PI/PDs: Shu Yan Rutgers University: Yangru Wu Central University of Finance and Economics: Yuecheng Jia, Chenxi Yin
Profitability Skewness and Stock Return This paper investigates whether profitability skewness is related to expected stock return. We document significant evidence that profitability skewness positively predicts cross‐sectional stock returns, opposite to the negative relation between return skewness and stock returns. The positive return predictability is robust to alternative profitability proxies and holds up to a year. The results cannot be explained by existing risk factors and return predictors including the level of profitability and return skewness. The evidence is consistent with explanations in which profitability skewness is positively related to firm growth opportunity and future profitability. The results are also consistent with behavioral explanations. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Central University of Finance and Economics, China PI/PDs: Shu Yan Central University of Finance and Economics: Yuecheng Jia
Skewness and Momentum We document two opposite effects of return skewness on momentum profits. For individual stocks, momentum profits decrease with skewness while for industry portfolios, momentum profits increase with skewness. The findings cannot be explained by existing risk factors and stock characteristics. For individual stocks, the evidence is consistent with the behavioral theory of return skewness as well as the skewness preference theory. For industry portfolios, the evidence is consistent with the interpretation of portfolio skewness as a measure of asymmetric inefficiency. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Central University of Finance and Economics, China PI/PDs: Shu Yan Central University of Finance and Economics: Yuecheng Jia
There is a Growth Premium After All The conventional wisdom suggests that growth stocks are riskier. But the empirical evidence indicates that value stocks, which are classified by high B/M ratios, have higher returns. To solve for this tension, this paper decomposes the B/M ratio into two components, trend and innovation. Both economic interpretation and empirical results show the innovation component has a strong negative relation with future cross‐sectional stock returns even after controlling for other predictors including B/M ratio, while the trend component is positively associated with the value premium. Our results confirm that there is a growth premium, captured by the innovation of B/M ratio. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Central University of Finance and Economics, Nankai University, China PI/PDs: Shu Yan Central University of Finance and Economics: Yuecheng Jia Nankai University: Haoxi Yang
Post‐Crisis Regulation of Bank Trading: An Examination of the Basel Framework and Volcker Rule In the aftermath of bank trading losses in the 2007‐09 crisis, the Basel framework uses stressed Conditional Value‐at‐Risk (SCVaR) to set minimum capital requirements for bank trading portfolios, whereas the Volcker rule restricts their composition in the U.S. We examine the impact of a constraint that limits SCVaR in the mean‐variance model. With or without the Volcker rule, such a constraint has the benefit of reducing the standard deviation (SD) of the optimal portfolio but the costs of moving it away from the M‐V frontier and increasing its SD‐to‐ minimum capital requirement ratio. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Minnesota, George Washington University PI/PDs: Shu Yan University of Minnesota: Gordon J. Alexander George Washington University: Alexandre M. Baptista
Information Diffusion and Seasonality in Return Predictability There is gradual information diffusion within industry in the stock market and there is also significant seasonal patterns in lead‐lag relationships in stock returns. As a result, we find considerable variation in the auto‐correlation coefficients of stock returns across 12 months of the year. Based on the profit decomposition of relative strength strategy, we propose to improve the conventional reversal/momentum strategy to focus only on the industries with negative/positive auto‐correlations. These strategies compare considerably better with the conventional ones, providing further insights into the gradual information diffusion as a potential explanation to the reversal/momentum puzzles. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Ohio State University, University of Hong Kong PI/PDs: Shu Yan Ohio State University: Kewei Hou University of Hong Kong: Yan Xu
Attention on Volatility and Options We document a positive and persistent relation between retail investor attention, as measured by Google search volume, and future realized stock return volatility. The relation implies profitable option trading strategy of purchasing high attention delta‐neutral straddles and selling low attention delta‐neutral straddles; this strategy earns a significant weekly return of 2.36% and is uncorrelated with common risk factors as well as the firm level variance risk premium. Examination of option trading activities of different investor groups following increased Google search shows that retail option investors benefit most from increasing stock volatility. Our evidence strongly supports theories of noise trader risk. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Hong Kong, Rutgers University PI/PDs: Shu Yan University of Hong Kong: Yan Xu Rutgers University: Yuzhao Zhang
Information Diffusion, Return Predictability, and Earnings Announcement Season I document significant seasonal patterns in some well‐known stock return predictability anomalies such as the positive short‐term market return autocorrelation, lead/lag effect across stock portfolios, and short‐term reversal and momentum effects for individual stocks. The evidence not only strongly supports the information diffusion hypothesis but also reveals the key role of earnings announcement seasons on how information diffuses in the market. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Shu Yan
Dispersion in Analysts' Target Prices and Stock Returns We propose the dispersion in analysts' target prices as a new measure of disagreement among analysts and a proxy of ex ante stock risk. Consistent with the risk hypothesis, we document a significant positive relation between the target price dispersion and future stock returns up to 24 months. The next‐month return spread between the highest and lowest deciles sorted on the target price dispersion measures can be over 2%. Our findings cannot be explained by the standard risk factors and stock characteristics including the target price revision and dispersion in analysts' earnings forecasts. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Penn State University Behrend PI/PDs: Shu Yan, Emily (Heng) Wang Penn State University Behrend: Hongrui Feng
CEO Incentive Compensation and Stock Price Momentum We document robust evidence that CEO incentive compensation predicts stock price momentum. The profit of momentum strategy increases with pay‐for‐performance incentive but decreases with risk‐taking incentive. The evidence is more significant for companies with older and longer tenured CEOs, during high investor sentiment periods, and cannot be explained by information uncertainty proxies such as analyst coverage. Our results are consistent with the information diffusion explanation of momentum and the findings of agency theory that incentivized CEOs tend to manipulate information by smoothing good news, concealing mildly bad news, and accelerating the disclosure of extremely bad news. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Penn State University Behrend PI/PDs: Shu Yan Penn State University Behrend: Hongrui Feng
Local Institutional Investors and Debt Maturity We examine the relation between the geographic proximity of a firm’s institutional investors and the maturity structure of its debt. We hypothesize and find that firms with local institutional investors have shorter maturity debt. The effect of institutional proximity on debt maturity is stronger for firms with CEO‐Chair duality and before the passage of Sarbanes‐Oxley Act in 2002, consistent with that firms monitored by local institutional investors choose shorter maturity debt to reduce agency costs, especially, equity agency costs. The results demonstrate the importance of local institutional investors in affecting firms’ debt maturity policy choices. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Jun Zhang
Algorithmic Trading and Firm Value Using data from 2002 to 2013, we examine the impact of algorithmic trading on firm value. The results show that algorithmic trading generates net benefits for firm value through impacting stock liquidity, idiosyncratic volatility, and idiosyncratic skewness, and firms benefit more from algorithmic trading when algorithmic trading intensity is higher. Using the advent of auto quotation on the NYSE as an exogenous shock to algorithmic trading, we find evidence of a causal effect of algorithmic trading on firm value. The positive effects of algorithmic trading on firm value are stronger for more liquid stocks and larger firms. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas A&M University, University of Cincinnati PI/PDs: Jun Zhang Texas A&M University: Shane A. Johnson University of Cincinnati: Brian C. Hatch
Social Networks and Corporate Payout Policies This paper examines the relation between firm social network and corporate payout policies and finds that social network significantly impacts payout compositions. Firms with greater network centrality pay lower dividends, repurchase more shares, and have a lower dividend to total payout ratio. Moreover, better connected firms invest more in acquisitions and R&D and have higher stock return volatility, and firms with higher acquisition and R&D investment pay lower dividends and repurchase more shares. Overall results suggest that to accommodate more risky investments, better connected firms substitute share repurchase for dividend payment to remain financially flexible. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Jun Zhang
Inside and Outside Debt Duration Agency theory emphasizes that the incentive alignment effect of CEO debt compensation relies on the extent to which its payoffs resemble payoffs to risky corporate debt. We examine this notion using a sample of new corporate debt issues during 2007‐2012. We find that debt‐biased CEO relative leverage ratio is associated with longer debt maturity only when the CEO's inside debt will be less likely to be drawn up in the near future. We show that not only does inside debt level matter, but its maturity relative to corporate debt also plays an important role in the incentive‐alignment effect. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas A&M University, Hong Kong Polytechnic University PI/PDs: Jun Zhang Texas A&M University: Shane Johnson Hong Kong Polytechnic University: Nan Yang
Firm Riskiness and SEO Underpricing: Evidence from a Natural Experiment This paper examines the impact of firm riskiness on seasoned equity offering (SEO) underpricing by exploring RegSHO pilot program as a natural experiment. Facing greater downside risk, the RegSHO pilot firms are incentivized to lower their riskiness, which mitigates negative market reactions and reduces SEO underpricing. We find that, consistent with the conjecture, the pilot firms have lower risk and experience smaller SEO underpricing. In addition, the pilot firms tend to issue more equity to take advantage of the lower equity financing cost. Overall results support that firm riskiness has important impacts on SEO underpricing. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Jun Zhang, Siqi Wei
Institutional Trading Around Corporate Fraud We investigate whether institutional investors have information advantage by studying trading behaviors of institutional investors before revealing of corporate fraud. Compared to benchmark trading volumes, institutional investors have higher net selling volume of stocks of fraud firms several months before public revealing of corporate fraud, and the result holds only for more severe frauds leading to greater firm losses. The results suggest that institutional investors have information advantage and react early to corporate fraud before it is publicly revealed. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, University of Nevada‐Las Vegas PI/PD: Jun Zhang, Qin Wang University of Nevada‐Las Vegas: D. Scott Lee
Is Options Trading Informed? Evidence from Credit Rating Change Announcements This study examines the information content of options trading prior to credit rating change announcements. Pre‐event informed options trading predicts cumulative abnormal returns around credit rating change announcements. The predictability of options trading is more pronounced before announcements of more severe and surprising rating changes such as downgrades, multinotch rating changes and across class rating changes. The information content of options trading is greater when the underlying stock market is less informational, when the options market is more liquid, and in the post‐Reg FD period. Overall results are consistent with informed options trading prior to credit rating change announcements. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Jun Zhang
Local Institutional Investors and Seasoned Equity Offerings This paper investigates the impact of local institutional investors on firms’ seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). Equity issuers with (more) local institutional investors and higher local institutional ownership experience higher SEO announcement returns. The causal effect is established by exploiting exogenous shocks to local institutional ownership generated by reconstitutions of the Russell 1000 and 2000 indexes. The finding is more pronounced for firms with greater agency problems and robust to the correction of sample selection bias. Overall results suggest that monitoring by local institutional investors helps reducing agency problems and mitigating negative market reactions to SEOs. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Jun Zhang
SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Human Trafficking Awareness and Training in the Lodging Industry Human trafficking is a recognized global problem and many trafficked victims are presented as guests throughout all tiers of the lodging industry. Some lodging companies have taken the initiative to provide awareness training and protocols for reporting, but it is difficult to discern if these training methods are effective. This study examines the current training methods presented by lodging companies and the public records of their respective regions to determine if the current human trafficking training methods are having an effect on human trafficking awareness and reporting. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Catherine Curtis
Unravelling Food Memories This study is about food memories and the ways local households embody the process of food preparation. Using narrative inquiry, this working paper presents vignettes of how food memories are preserved through time. Through the embodied act of cooking with participants, kitchen conversations, and artifact collections, this study voices the stories and memories passed down by generations of familial cooking traditions, informing the contents and preparation of Oklahoman meals. Findings provide a source of ideas with a focus on the embodiment of cooking while shedding light to many areas of hospitality and tourism through food. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Li Miao
Vicarious Authenticity in Tourism This study proposes a new type of authenticity called Vicarious Authenticity achieved by participating in someone else’s authentic lived experience, using experientialism as a philosophical base. This study will also develop a measurement scale for this new concept by taking both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The item pool will be derived from multiple sources: previous research, online blog postings, and focus group interviews. The items will be purified via an expert panel and pilot study. The refined measurement scale then will be validated through two waves of data collection through online research platforms and data analyses. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Li Miao The impacts of Psychological Distance on Decision Making in the Hotel and Airbnb Contexts This working paper proposes that multiple sources of psychological distance (temporal, spatial, and social distances) have interactive effects on consumers’ perceptions and behaviors. Study 1 (hotel context) proposes that when temporally far from arrival, hotel bookers who have the ‘pay later’ option feel less burdened by payments and have higher booking intention. Study 2 (Airbnb context) proposes that when temporally and spatially far from arrival, room bookers who have short social distance are more likely to trust the host and have higher booking intention. This study offers suggestions on how to drive bookings more effectively depending on consumers' psychological distance. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Li Miao
Comparison of Virtual Reality visualizations to traditional visualizations in hotel settings The objective was to investigate how Virtual Reality (VR) visualizations compare to traditional 2‐ D photos in terms of (1) affective responses, (2) attitudinal/behavioral responses, and (3) cognitive load as a promotional tool for hotels. A quasi‐experimental study was conducted over two time periods with independent samples. There was a statistically significant difference between two visual conditions for several variables, i.e. pleasure, satisfaction, word‐of‐mouth, etc. However, those differences were not always consistent between the two time periods. Overall findings suggest that the use of VR as a promotional tool for hotels might not be more effective than traditional visuals. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Lisa Slevitch, Tilanka Chandrasekera
Exploring Tourists’ Perceptions of Native American Food Native American food (NAF) has contributed to the world’s diet and is on the rise in the culinary world. However, the role of NAF in cultural festivals remains understudied. The study aims to explore tourists’ perception of NAF and the factors affecting their perceptions and behaviors in a multi‐cultural festival context. Qualitative findings indicate that family gathering is the major motivation in attending the festival, and the tourists perceive NAF as the means to experience authentic Native American culture and become more knowledgeable about it. The study provides both theoretical and practical implications on developing cultural tourism through NAF. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Willie Tao
Customer Delight in Food and Beverage Services at Continuing Care Retirement Community: An Application of Kano Model One in five of Americans will be an older adult by 2030. The purpose of the study is to identify factors that affect customer delight in the food and beverage service facilities at continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs). Food and beverage managers/directors at 10 different CCRCS in the Midwest area were interviewed to explore the factors that may lead to customer delight and develop the research instrument for the subsequent Kano Model. It is expected that the study will yield insights on understanding customer delight in the CCRC context. Ultimately, older adults’ dining satisfaction and overall well‐being will be elevated. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Willie Tao
Building Tourism and Marketing Strategies for Oklahoma Wines The goal of this project is to increase agritourism as it relates to the viticulture and enology industries and advance the marketing of Oklahoma produced grapes and wine. Specifically, this project conducted market research to identify visitor profiles, examine visitor perceptions, conduct market‐based competitive analyses and conduct a needs assessment of winery and vineyard owners and industry stakeholders as it relates to continued development and marketing. This information will be used to develop critical and executable marketing strategies to increase awareness and visitation to Oklahoma wineries. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Stacy Tomas
Hospitality Training for Wineries Increased visitation and sales at Oklahoma wineries can be the result of positive staff interactions through great customer service and wine knowledge. The purpose of this project is to develop a research‐based hospitality training program specific to Oklahoma wineries to help staff more fully engage with visitors and to increase tourism in many rural communities across the state. The curriculum will be developed by Oklahoma State University in consultation with an advisory committee comprised of Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, the Oklahoma Grape Industry Council and Oklahoma winery owners. The curriculum will be delivered statewide through regional trainings. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Stacy Tomas
National Agritourism and Direct Sales Research From a national perspective the understanding of agritourism, as both a tourism product and as a strategy for income diversification is limited. While regional research exists across the country, a holistic and comprehensive understanding of this industry segment does not. This multi‐state research study is led and orchestrated by the University of Vermont. The Oklahoma portion of this study is being managed by OSU. Results of this project will provide comprehensive data on the industry not only in Oklahoma, but also across the country, and will be used to develop tools and resources to increase the success of agritourism enterprises. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Vermont, Oregon State University PIs/PDs: Stacy Tomas University of Vermont: Lisa Chase Oregon State University: Mary Stewart
Hospitality House Network National Impact Study Hospitality houses are places where family members of a hospitalized individual may seek shelter, food, and clothing. Most of these hospitality houses are affiliated with hospitals and medical centers. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Hospitality House programs by measuring the effectiveness of the hospitality programs and activities, identifying effective program policies, and to understand the program purpose from the client’s perspective. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Denna Wheeler
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL STUDIES
Controlling Act: Organizational Patrons and Employee Outcomes in the Age of Social Media Drawing on interviews and observation from a multi‐year field study, this article investigates the impact of enacting a permeable organizational boundary by engaging with patrons (e.g., customers, crowd funders). Findings describe opening the organizational boundaries to external stakeholders through direct exposure and social media evolved into a new form of control – the Patron Control and Evaluation System –based on expressive and social capital motives. This new control system both restricted employee and organizational behavior and produced a reward for participation in the form of the creation of celebrity employees. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Federico Aime
It’s Who You Are: Explaining the Antecedents of New CEOs Psychological Profiles Given the breadth of implications that CEO psychological characteristics have for their organizations, in this study we examine those characteristics as outcomes of the new CEO selection process. We first develop a typology of CEO psychological profiles by cluster analyzing a sample of 250 S&P 500 CEOs for which seven relevant characteristics were assessed with psychometrically valid scales utilizing a Videometric approach. Then we hypothesize and find that firm size, industry dynamics, and board experience and composition, significantly affect the psychological profiles or types of the individuals selected for new CEO appointments. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Federico Aime
The Ambiguous Trap of Higher Expectations: Female CEOs and Market Performance In this proposal we test a theory for understanding the causes for negative reactions by investors to the appointment of female CEOs. Our theory suggests that the perceptions of performance of female CEOs becomes negative because the performance of firms with female CEOs is compared with outgrown analysts’ expectations for a variety of perceptual and contextual reasons. We find that analysts’ expectations for firms with female CEOs are higher than for those led by their male counterparts and that higher analyst expectations increase their firms’ likelihood to fail to meet or beat expectations with substantial consequences on their market performance. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Federico Aime
Lone Wolves Versus Wolf Packs: Relational Mobility and the Contagious Effect of Unethical Pro‐Organizational Behavior Unethical pro‐organizational behavior (UPB) is a pervasive and costly phenomenon for organizations, and research has produced a wealth of insights on when and why UPBs emerge. In this study we suggest that team members’ UPBs create normative pressure for a focal employee to engage in UPB, and that the effect of team members’ UPBs on normative pressure emerges only when the team’s relational mobility—or when the members’ ability to enter and exit their relationships—is low. Three studies—a survey of working adults, a field study of teams from a large manufacturing company, and an experiment to provide causality—provide support for our hypotheses. By examining both the antecedents and consequences of UPBs, this work unpacks when and why UPBs can become contagious. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Federico Aime
Dealing With Team Change: Status Shocks and Status Stabilizing Behaviors We examine how team members respond to the inclusion of new members that disrupt the established hierarchy of teams. Using a multilevel experimental design in which the status hierarchy of the team is disrupted via the introduction of a new high‐status member (with status cues signaled through sex and physical attractiveness), we show that incumbent members mimic all high‐status newcomers, but only ingratiate towards the high‐status newcomers who are also committed to the task. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Federico Aime
Toward an Understanding of Advice‐Seeking Behavior: A Social Network Perspective on Seeking Advice and Gaining Influence in Organizations Abstract Drawing upon theories of proactivity and impression management, we investigate the relationship between advice seeking and perceptions of influence in organizations. We found that employees who sought advice were rated as more influential. Furthermore, the results indicate that those who seek advice gain the most influence when they solicit it from influential advisors, experts, and those who bridge structural holes, and when they seek at least as much advice from their advisor as their advisor seeks from them. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Oklahoma, University of North Texas, University of Dallas PI/PD’s: Wm. Matthew Bowler, University of Oklahoma: Mark Bolino, University of North Texas: Vicki Goodwin University of Dallas: J. Lee Whittington
Clarity Lost: Triangulation Wherefore Art Thou? Do old beliefs still hold true or should there be a reassessment of existing tools? Since the days of paradigm shifts and multiple paradigm development, triangulation was used to find new meaning. This concept evolved into meta‐triangulation, meta‐theorizing, and meta‐conjectures, all in an attempt to achieve better understanding. But have we lost sight of original methods all in the name of progress? This paper takes a triangulated perspective of triangulation from the philosophical design of the question, measurement issues, and how linkages can be discovered to shine new light on an old(er) method. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Georgia College, Maynooth University PI/PD’s: Wm. Matthew Bowler Georgia College: Bob Duesing Maynooth University: Margaret A. White
Clandestine Ties: Unlocking Hidden Social Capital or Hidden Pitfalls. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual exploration of hard to observe workplace relationships and their implications for managers who seek to realize the benefits of social capital. Specifically, we examine the nature of covert and incidental ties and offer a series of testable propositions. A typology of covert and incidental ties is offered, distinguishing ties by the distance between actors and the desire for relationship secrecy. Implications of covert and incidental ties and future research directions are provided. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Houston, Clear Lake, Creighton University PI/PD’s: Wm. Matthew Bowler University of Houston, Clear Lake: Troy Voelker Creighton University: Matthew T. Seevers
Abstract: An Empirical Study of Patent Grant Rate as a Function of Race and Gender In this article, we examine the rate at which patent applications are granted as a function of the inventor’s race and gender. Empirical analysis of over 3.9 million United States applications finds minority and women applicants are significantly less likely to secure a patent relative to the balance of inventors. Further analysis indicates that a portion of this bias is introduced during prosecution at the Patent Office, independent of the quality of the application. Mechanisms underlying these disparities are explored. The paper concludes with a discussion of our results and their interaction with patent law, innovation policy, and employment trends. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Evan Davis, Mike Schuster, Kourtenay Schley, Julie Raveraft
Work‐Effort & Guilt Employees may feel guilty after withholding effort on their jobs, yet explanations of when employees feel guilty and how this guilt motivates positive behaviors such as impression management and organizational citizenship behavior is lacking. Drawing on theories of social identity and feedback intervention, we propose and test a model wherein employees feel guilty when they withhold work effort, especially when employees have high work role identity salience. This guilt, in turn, motivates impression management and organizational citizenship behavior. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Yingli Deng, Lindsey Greco When Challenges Hinder: An Investigation of When and How Challenge Stressors Impact Employee Outcomes. Individuals experience challenge and hindrance stressors in qualitatively different ways, with the former being linked to more positive outcomes than the latter. Challenge stressors are believed to have net positive effects, eliciting beliefs that managers can enhance performance outcomes by increasing the challenge stressors experienced at work. This paper questions conventional wisdom by developing theory that explains how different patterns of challenge stress exposure influence employee outcomes. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Arkansas, Texas Christian University, University of Central Florida, University of Nebraska, Virginia Commonwealth University, PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis University of Arkansas: Chris Rosen, Lauren Simon Texas Christian University: Michael Cole University of Central Florida: Shannon Taylor University of Nebraska: Troy Smith Virginia Commonwealth University: Chris Reina
Does Servant Leadership’s People Focus Facilitate or Constrain its Positive Impact on Performance? An Examination of Servant Leadership’s Direct, Indirect, and Total Effects on Branch Financial Performance Servant leadership theory postulates that servant leaders prioritize people more than production. This untested supposition raises questions about whether servant leadership’s emphasis on employee support relative to goal achievement has negative consequences for a unit’s financial performance through group organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) that constrain servant leadership’s positive effect on unit performance. This work shows that it encourages a stronger support climate that diverts resources to support coworkers rather than organizational goals, thus indirectly lowering performance simultaneously. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Georgia State University, Texas Tech University PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis Georgia State University: Chad Hartnell Texas Tech University: Liz Karam
Gains and Losses: Week‐to‐Week Changes in Leader‐Follower Relationships. Leader‐Member Exchange (LMX) theory and research suggest that leader‐follower relationships develop during the early stages of the dyad, mature relatively rapidly and then stabilize. We predict that leader‐follower relationships, like other types of relationships, can improve or deteriorate over time and that these shifts influence follower affect and behavior on the job. Results showed that when LMX improved from one week to the next (gains), employees experienced positive affect and were more likely to engage in positive discretionary behavior (OCBs). When LMX deteriorated over the prior week (loss), they experienced negative affect and engaged in more negative discretionary behavior (CWBs). Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Ottawa, Southern Methodist University, Ohio State University, Georgia State University PI/PDs: Dimotakis, N., Lambert, L.S. University of Ottawa: Corner, A. J. Southern Methodist University: Boulamatsi, A. Ohio State University: Tepper, B.J. Georgia State University: Maurer, T.
Hierarchical Leadership Versus Self‐Management in Teams: Goal Orientation Diversity as Moderator of Their Relative Effectiveness Self‐managed teams can be effective, but we do not fully understand when. Building on the authority differentiation, substitutes for leadership, and social hierarchy literatures, we propose that self‐managed teams require that team members are aligned in their goal orientations. By contrast, typical hierarchical teams can function more effectively when team members have diverse goal orientations. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Drexel University, Michigan State Univesity, Queen’s University, Texas Tech University, Delaware State University PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University: Anne Nederveen Pieterse Drexel University: Dan Van Knippenberg Michigan State Univesity: John Hollenbeck Queen’s University: Matthias Spitzmuller Texas Tech University: Elizabeth Karam Delaware State University: Dustin Sleesman
“How Dare You?!”: The Moderating Role of Employee Performance on the Effects of Abusive Supervision High performers are extremely important members of an organization due to their contribution performance and status as role models to other employees. We depart from the notion that only low performers are abused in the workplace by examining whether job performance impacts how employees respond attitudinally and behaviorally to abusive supervision. Subsequently, we discover that among high performers abusive supervision indirectly enhances dysfunctional resistance, turnover intentions, and reduces organizational commitment through job satisfaction, whereas lower performers are unscathed by the abuse. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Sourthern Methodist University, University of Nebraska, Ohio State University PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis Sourthern Methodist University: Artemis Boulamatsi University of Nebraska: Troy Smith Ohio State University: Ben Tepper
Is (in)consistency Key? Understanding How Patterns of Abusive Supervision Influence Employee Anxiety and Engagement Abusive supervision has harmful, far‐reaching effects on a broad range of employee outcomes. These effects can be particularly strong when an employee’s experience of abuse is unanticipated or persists outside of their realm of control. We posit that an examination of abusive supervision over time will capture cumulative or combinatory effects previously overlooked. Over four studies, we investigate how consistent and inconsistent levels of abuse relate to feelings of anxiety. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas A&M, University of Arkansas, Mercer University, Townson University PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis Texas A&M: Joel Koopman, Young Lee University of Arkansas: Lauren Simon Mercer University: Juanita Forrester Townson University: Tanja Darden
Examining the Interplay Between Counterproductive Work Behavior and Negative Affect We aim to explain how people are affected by their own negative behaviors. Negative feelings bring about such behaviors, but they do not affect subsequent moods for the average person. We show individual’s empathy determines how people feel after engaging in negative tasks, with low empathy people feeling better, and high empathy people feeling worse. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Ohio State University, Central Connecticut State University, Texas A&M, University North Carolina, Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, University of Georgia, Athens PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis Ohio State: Bennett J. Tepper, Robert Lount Central Connecticut State University: James Conway Texas A&M: Joel Koopman, Young Lee University North Carolina: Steven G. Rogelberg Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania: Virginia E. Pitts University of Georgia, Athens: Fadel Matta
Gains and Losses: Week‐to‐Week Changes in Leader‐Follower Relationships Although the importance of leader‐follower relationships in the workplace is widely acknowledged, the potential for within‐person variability in such relationships has only recently began to be examined in the management literature. Leader‐Member Exchange (LMX) theory and research suggest that leader‐follower relationships develop during the early stages of the dyad, mature relatively rapidly and then stabilize. This ten‐week field study demonstrates that shifts in the quality of the relationship between leaders and followers explains meaningful variation in follower affect and behaviors. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Ottawa University, Southern Methodist University, Ohio State University, Georgia State University PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis, Lisa Lambert, Sherry Fu Ottawa University: AJ Corner Southern Methodist University: Artemis Boulamatsi Ohio State University: Ben Tepper Georgia State University: Todd Maurer
Why Some Leaders Develop Trust More Rapidly and Whether It Matters Existing research has provided important insights regarding the positive impact that the level of trust in a leader has on organizational outcomes. Less attention, however, has been given to fact that trust changes over time. We investigate whether changes in trust, above and beyond the level of trust, impacts leader and unit effectiveness. We also consider the types of factors that shape the direction and rate of change in trust a group has for its leader, which we refer to as trust velocity. The highest levels of effectiveness were associated with leaders who exhibited an increase in their followers’ trust as the relationship developed. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Washington University, Saint Louis, Wake Forest University, West Point PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis Washington University, Saint Louis: Kurt Dirks Wake Forest University: Pat Sweeney West Point: Todd Woodruff
Dim receptions: How Newcomer Competence in the Eyes of Their Veteran Peers Affect Socialization. Veteran peers play an important role in the integration of organizational newcomers. Previous research suggest that they help new employees acquire the necessary tools to perform their role, build relationships within and outside the organization, and adjust to the new work environment. This view, however, contradicts recent data that companies lose almost half of their new hires within the first eighteen months of employment, with tensions with their coworkers as a main contributing factor of their early departure. This paper aims to explain how newcomers’ personal characteristics that signal status cues inform veteran peers’ social judgments and reactions to newcomers. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Southern Methodist University, Georgia State University, University of Nebraska PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis Southern Methodist University: Artemis Boulamatsi Georgia State University: Songqi Liu University of Nebraska: Blake Runnalls Overwork, Underwork, Wealth and Time Satisfaction as Predictors of Organizational Turnover. We investigated the effects of congruence and incongruence between preferred and actual levels of workload on workplace attitudes and how these attitudes, in turn, related to individual job change behaviors. We proposed and found that working as much as desired is associated with time satisfaction and wealth satisfaction, while working more (overwork) or less (underwork) than desired is associated with dissatisfaction with time and wealth, respectively. These domain satisfactions were associated with general job satisfaction, which in turn was associated with turnover. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Nebraska PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis University of Nebraska: Haolin Fu
“I didn’t see that coming!”: Effects of As‐Expected and Un‐Expected Workload Levels on Well‐Being Through Anxiety Workload is a ubiquitous feature of the workplace, and one that has been a focus of investigations for decades. In contrast to other workplace aversive experiences, workload cannot be eliminated; thus, research has focused on identifying factors that could alleviate its negative consequences instead, with much of this focusing on the buffering effects of organizational resources. Success in these efforts, however, has been mixed. We propose that an unexamined characteristic of workload (the degree to which it is as‐expected or un‐ expected) has the potential to inform much of this literature and thus help to clarify future work. We propose and find that the degree (and type) of workload unexpectedness is associated with well‐being via anxiety. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas A&M, Ohio State University PI/PDs: Nikos Dimotakis, Sherry Fu Texas A&M: Joel Koopman Ohio State University: Ben Tepper
Is Holding Two Jobs Too Much? An Examination of Dual Jobholders. Many people work two jobs but this can leave them tired and devoid of energy. We showed that dual jobholders are able to perform both jobs as adequately as their single jobholding counterparts. However, dual jobholders face obstacles that single jobholders do not, in the form of high levels of work‐family conflict. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Ball State University, University of South Alabama PI/PDs: Bryan D. Edwards Ball State University: Brian D. Webster University of South Alabama: Mickey B. Smith
Does Holding a Second Job Viewed as a Calling Impact One’s Work at the Primary Job? If someone works two jobs it is assumed that second job will interfere with the primary job. However, we showed that this is only true when the second job is viewed as a calling as opposed to a second job taken simply for extra money. The findings add to a slim body of literature highlighting vulnerabilities associated with callings. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Ball State University PI/PDs: Bryan D. Edwards Ball State University, Brian D. Webster
Estimations of Magnitude and Frequency of Behavior Constructing survey questions with equal distant properties (i.e., interval or ratio data) is important if researchers plan to analyze the data using parametric statistics. As such, the present study provided a list of the most common contexts in which summated rating scales are used (i.e. agreement, similarity, frequency, amount, and judgment) empirical data on the psychological distance between the verbal anchors on a number line. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Denver, Illinois Institute of Technology PI/PDs: Bryan D Edwards Rowan University, Wm Camron Casper University of Denver, J. Craig Wallace Illinois Institute of Technology, Ronald S Landis
Recruiting (dis)advantage: Men and Women Differ in Their Evaluations of Gender‐Based Targeted Recruitment Organizations use targeted recruitment to attract applicants with specific characteristics or to diversify the workforce. Research reports mixed findings regarding the extent to which beneficiaries and non‐beneficiaries are attracted to organizations. We explore this inconsistency by investigating how men and women respond to recruitment materials targeted toward members of the traditionally underrepresented gender. We show that a gender asymmetry exists such that men and women respond differently when targeted for occupations in which they are typically the minority gender. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Ball State University, Pennsylvania State University, Northeastern University PI/PDs: Bryan Edwards, Alexis Smith Washington Ball State University: Brian Webster Pennsylvania State University, Eerie: Joongseo Kim Northeastern University: Marla B. Watkins
Examining Houston Sport Organizations’ Disaster Relief Efforts Following Hurricane Harvey Sport organizations have often been active in community recovery following natural or man‐ made disasters. Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, members of the Yankees baseball team visited several sites throughout New York City. In New Orleans, members of the Saints National Football League franchise actively served in volunteer roles and fundraising following the devastation of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. To further examine this topic, this study sought to explore the role that Houston area sport organizations played in recovery efforts in Houston, Texas, USA, following Hurricane Harvey in 2017. The research questions focused on identifying the types of responses to the disaster and exploring the sport organizations leader’s perspectives on the relief process. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Bryan Finch
Endogeneity Acquiescing to two decades of warnings that endogeneity may threaten the validity of empirical claims, management scholars now frequently mention endogeneity in their discussion of methods and results. However, as methods for addressing endogeneity are highly technical and frequently developed in other disciplines, the knowledge of the methods among authors and reviewers is fragmented, leading to confusion over the presence, causes, consequences, and remedies for endogeneity. We summarize the approaches used to address endogeneity, explaining the assumptions, data requirements, specification tests, and strengths and weaknesses of each major approach. The resulting review builds literacy about ways to address endogeneity. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Florida, Iowa State University, Indiana University PI/PDs: Lindsey Greco University of Florida: Aaron Hill Iowa State University: Scott Johnson Indiana University: Ernest O’Boyle, Sheryl Walter
Professional Identification Meta‐Analysis Research on social identification in organizational contexts has focused largely on membership of the organization and team, but there is growing attention on the profession, an extra‐ organizational role‐based identification target, and on the effects of multiple identities. Questions remain as to which identification target is most important for predicting work outcomes. We meta‐analytically test the relationship between each identification target and twenty‐three attitudes, behaviors and affective states at work with 431 studies and 476 independent samples (N=154,765). Results offer insight into the nomological network of professional identification and evidence for the relative importance of each identification target through meta‐analytic relative weights analysis. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Indiana University, Xavier University PI/PDs: Lindsey Greco, Jeanine Porck, Anna Zabinski Indiana University: Sheryl Walter Xavier University: Alex Scrimpshire
A Meta‐analytic Review of Identification at Work: Relative Contribution of Professional, Team, and Organizational Identification We meta‐analytically test the relationship between each identification target and twenty‐three attitudes, behaviors and affective states at work with 431 studies and 476 independent samples (N=154,765). Results offer insight into the nomological network of professional identification. Moreover, our results provide evidence for the relative importance of each identification target. We found that organizational identification was the most important, compared to professional and team identification, in explaining organization‐focused attitudes, in support for the identity matching principle. However, for behaviors, and affective states, each identity target explained a range of variance in outcomes, failing to support the identity matching principle. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Indiana University, Xavier University PI/PDs: Lindsey Greco, Jeanine Porck, Anna Zabinski Indiana University: Sheri Walter Xavier University: Alex Scrimpshire
Costs and Benefits of CWB Current theoretical models of the antecedents of counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) are primarily emotion‐focused, whereby stressful work conditions contribute to negative emotions which, in turn, cause CWB. In contrast, models of decision making that individuals often engage in a cognitive analysis where they weigh the costs and benefits of actions prior to engaging in negative behavior. At work, CWB may provide easily accomplished gratification but there are often negative job consequences. Integrating both emotional and cognitive processes, we test a model wherein the relationship between job demands (emotional process) and CWB is moderated by the perceived costs and benefits (cognitive process) of engaging in CWB. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, John Carroll University, Indiana University, University of Iowa PI/PDs: Lindsey Greco John Carroll University: Stacy Astrove Indiana University: Erik Gonzalez‐Mule University of Iowa: Michael Mount
Norm‐Based Counterproductive Work Behavior Current conceptualizations of counterproductive work behavior position it largely as norm‐ violating behavior. That is, the assumption is that such behavior is always judged negatively by others in the organization. However, judging whether CWB is norm‐violating or norm‐ conforming depends on the referent group. This study identifies two referent groups for establishing normative standards: society (prescriptive norms of what one should or should not do) and the workgroup (descriptive norms based on what one typically observes) and explores the relationship between each in predicting CWB. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Rutgers University, Indiana University PI/PDs: Lindsey Greco, Seth Smart Rutgers University: Rebecca Greenbaum Indiana University: Ernest O’Boyle
Between Team Conflict and Coordination In organizations with inter‐related project teams, the work executed by one team often depends on the work and input of other teams. These inherent interdependencies between teams increase the required coordination, create a need to exchange information and knowledge, and present unique challenges for solve emerging conflicts. The results of our study extend theoretical and practical understanding of coordination in multi‐team systems as it relates to communication, coordination, effectiveness, and conflict. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Lindsey Greco, Jeanine Porck
Virtual Teams Meta‐Analysis Organizations are increasingly structuring work around teams; increases in technology use, means that most of these teams can be categorized as “virtual teams” that are comprised of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers that are assembled using a combination of telecommunications and information technologies. This modern reality of teamwork creates a real need to understand the fundamental ways in which technology impacts team functioning in terms of: 1) what are the team inputs that relate to effective virtual team communication and performance and 2) how does the degree of virtuality relate to team performance. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Drake University, Georgia Southern University Brigham Young University PI/PDs: Truit Grey, Lindsey Greco Drake University: Ina Purvanova Georgia Southern University: Steve Charlier Brigham Young University: Cody Reeves
Law, Policy and 5G Technology: Why the U.S. Will Lose the AI Race The future of artificial intelligence, especially the Internet of Things (IoT), will rely on new communication technology once it is widely installed because it will enable data to be transferred and algorithms to run at previously impossible speeds with very low latency. A recent report by the U.S. Defense Innovation Board, however, concludes that the U.S. is ill prepared for the roll‐out of 5G. This paper will examine data laws, government policy, and the obstacles which must be addressed and warns that the failure to do so will harm the U.S.’s ability to compete in the future globally‐connected digital society. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kimberly A. Houser
The Innovation Winter is CXoming: How the U.S.‐China Trade War Endangers the World Although the U.S. was the undisputed leader in 4G technology, China is the primary supplier of 5G networking equipment and, through its Belts and Roads Initiative, seeks to spread its 5G technology throughout the world. While China has created a long‐term strategic plan for AI, the U.S. government relies on private industry to move this field forward. The U.S.‐instigated trade war with China appears to be an attempt to thwart China’s progress. This trade war not only threatens the global economy and endangers democracy, it will likely cause an innovation winter – hindering future developments in AI ‐ creating a bifurcated internet and a 5G infrastructure with non‐interchangeable components requiring the rest of the world to choose a side. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Kimberly A. Houser Medical Marijuana Registries: A Painful Choice This paper proceeds in five parts: Part I discusses why marijuana is prescribed for patient treatment, as related to rights to healthcare and privacy. Part II addresses the history of marijuana laws in the U.S. and how the conflict between state and federal law is currently handled. Part III describes how contagious disease and other medical condition patient registries are treated under the law and the unique issues presented by marijuana patient registries. Part IV explores the arguments for and against the registries and the risks they propose with respect to employment, custody hearings, leasing and housing, federal programs, and fundamental privacy rights. Part V analyzes and compares the thirty‐three state registry laws and concludes by proposing a model privacy protection provision. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Virginia Tech PI/PDs: Kimberly A. Houser Virginia Tech: Janine Hiller
Board Gender Diversity: A Comparison of Laws and Initiatives in the EU and U.S. California enacted a law requiring publicly held corporations headquartered in the state to appoint at least one woman to their boards. Although it is expected to be challenged as violating the U.S. Constitution, the intent of this law is to address the failure of other measures (shareholder initiatives, SEC disclosure requirements) to increase women on corporate boards. A number of countries in the EU have passed similar measures more recently, although with stronger incentives/penalties, including France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Germany. This paper will examine the differing laws and initiatives and assess their effectiveness and challenges. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Georgetown Law School PI/PDs: Kimberly A. Houser Georgetown Law School: Jamilla Bowman Williams
Big Bets on Biometrics The collection of biometric data from elite‐level athletes has become increasingly complicated, as sports leagues, teams, and other governing organizations have begun to see potential commercial value beyond increased performance in this data. This article is divided into five substantive parts. 1) We provide an overview of the biometric data and its value within the gambling marketplace. 2) Discusses the issues surrounding data ownership in the major professional sports leagues and in college sports. 3) Examines the growth and importance of commercial data sales within elite level athletics. 4) Analyzes the questions surrounding the ownership of data. 5) Finally, scrutinizes other countries approaches to regulate data collection and proposes new directions for sports organizations. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: John Holden, Kimberly A. Houser
Elevating the CEO: the Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Efforts to Promote the CEO Through Firm Communication Firms often put significant effort into developing and managing external perceptions, including proactively managing the timing and use of external communication through an arsenal of impression management tactics. We examine the benefits and costs associated with efforts firms take to promote the CEO. Our preliminary results, using both press release and Twitter data, suggest that firms do make sustained efforts to promote the visibility of new CEOs, and those efforts are, in turn, associated with faster CEO turnover. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Georgia State University PI/PDs: Jason Kiley Georgia State University: Elle Yoon, Danny Gamache, Mike Pfarrer
Buying Approval: Differences in Acquirer and Target Perceptions and Acquisitions. Recent research suggests that the perceptions of firms by external audiences are associated with differential strategic behaviors. However, it is not yet clear how these perceptions, and differences in perceptions, are associated when firms interact with one another. We examine how differences in media perceptions of acquirers and targets are associated with characteristics of acquisitions. Our preliminary results suggest that, as perceptions of targets increase relative to acquirers, target shareholders capture more value. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of California,Riverside, Georgia State University, Southern Georgia University PI/PDs: Jason Kiley University of California,Riverside: John Haleblian Georgia State University: Abbie Oliver Southern Georgia University: Mike Pfarrer
Sleight of Hand: High Reputation and Corporate Governance. High‐reputation firms benefit from positive perceptions of external audiences. However, recent research shows that the perceptions that benefit them sometimes create conflicting pressures that are difficult to navigate. We argue that, when a range of related behavior is considered, high‐reputation firms will avoid certain behaviors and substitute them with other, less objectionable ones to advance the same goals. In the corporate governance context, we find that, compared to other firms, high‐reputation firms engage in lower levels of behaviors that are more likely to be perceived negatively by firm audiences, and they engage in higher levels of less interpretable behaviors. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of California, Riverside, Georgia State University PI/PDs: Jason Kiley University of California, Riverside: John Haleblian, Alexandru Roman Georgia State University: Mike Pfarrer
Stand Down or Stand Out?: Equity Analyst Behavior and Reputation. Though definitions differ, reputation is commonly thought to include both visibility and some form of favorable perception. The picture is less clear when considering the path dependence of these components, and how behaviors may be aimed to enhance or maintain them differently. We aim to disentangle these relationships by examining the behavior of equity analysts and the reputational outcomes associated with their behavior. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas A&M, Georgia State University, Rice University PI/PDs: Jason Kiley Texas A&M: Steve Boivie Georgia State University: Scott Graffin Rice University: Annie Zavyalova
The Aftermath of “No”: The Effects of Managerial Idea Rejection on Employee Voice Although prior research has demonstrated the organizational benefits of voice and managerial strategies for increasing voice frequency in the workplace, there’s less known about how managers turn down employee voice without doing irrevocable damage to employees’ willingness to speak up again in the future. Through interviews with managers and employees, this research identifies four dimensions of managerial voice rejections. Drawing on theories from linguistics and education, I hypothesize and test with a lab study the effects of these dimensions on not only employees’ future voice frequency, but also their subsequent voiced idea quality. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Yurianna Kimmons
Tailoring The Pitch: The Impact Of Idea Framing And Regulatory Fit On Endorsement Of Voice We explore the framing of employee voice and generate theory for why ideas that are framed to fit are more likely to be endorsed and implemented by managers. Drawing on theories of cognitive fluency and regulatory fit theory, we argue and show with four separate studies that voiced ideas whose specific proposal and justification for what action should be taken are uniformly framed in a promotive or prohibitive way are more often endorsed and implemented by managers than are ideas that mix both frames in the same instance of voice, despite employees speaking up using a mixed framing most frequently. We also find that the extent to which the idea’s uniform framing fits with the regulatory focus of the manager further enhances endorsement. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Texas PI/PDs: Yurianna Kimmons University of Texas: Ethan Burris, Luis Martins
Does Difference = Distance? Experiencing Diversity as Psychological Construal of Teams We draw on construal level theory (CLT) from cognitive psychology to hypothesize that individuals experience interpersonal differences from other members as psychological distance, which in turn, will transmit and moderate diversity’s effects on team‐related outcomes. Given that prior studies of psychological distance have been conducted in lab settings with manipulations of distance via visual or auditory stimuli and vignettes, we developed an instrument for measuring psychological distance in the field to examine its effect on various group outcomes. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Texas PI/PDs: Yurianna Kimmons University of Texas: David Harrison, Luis Martins
Are Learning Adaptable Newcomers Innovative? Examining Curvilinear Effects, Mechanisms, and Boundary Conditions Drawing on and extending Individual Adaptability Theory, we propose that the relationship between newcomers’ learning adaptability and their innovative behavior may be nonlinear. In addition, two types of newcomer cognition, positive framing and role clarity, together help explain the above link, with supervisor’s tendency to avoid uncertain situations posited as a boundary condition. Moreover, high levels of role clarity weakened the positive effect of newcomers’ positive framing on their innovative behavior. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Southern Methodist University, Georgia State University PI/PDs: Lambert, L.S. Southern Methodist University: Boulamatsi, A. Georgia State University: Liu, S. Peking University: Yao, X., Guo, R., & Yin, J.
"Just Right": A Person‐Environment Fit Approach to Visionary Leadership Visionary leadership has long been credited with increasing employees’ positive attitudes and performance despite early theoretical reasoning that it may also be associated with negative effects. This research applies person‐environment fit (P‐E) theory to visionary leadership theory and examines the joint effect of the visionary leadership that employees need and receive on their attitudes toward their supervisors. Results from two studies showed that trust in the supervisor was most positive when visionary leadership received matched the amount needed by each employee and attitudes became more negative as visionary leadership received was less than or more than the needed amount. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Indiana University East, Ohio State University, North Carolina State University, Brigham Young University, Kennesaw State University PI/PDs: Lambert, L.S. Indiana University East: Goo, W. Ohio State University: Tepper, B.J. North Carolina State University: Carr, J.C. Brigham Young University: Bingham J.B. Kennesaw State University: Hiatt, M.
Affective Commitment, Trust, and the Psychological Contract: Contributions Matter, too! Within a psychological contract, employees’ receipt of inducements is associated with trust and affective commitment, signaling a strong reciprocal relationship with the organization. We theorize that employees’ contributions of time, physical and intellectual effort are also related to trust and commitment, independent of the role of inducements. In short, the acts of promising and contributing towards organizational goals may allow employees to evaluate the trustworthiness of the organization and to develop affective commitment. Results suggest that contributions to organizational goals may constitute a path to their feelings of commitment, but that commitment is highest when delivered contributions are within close range of promised amounts. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Brigham Young University PI/PDs: Lambert, L.S., Zabinski, A. Brigham Young University: Bingham, J.
Construct Development and Validation in Three Practical Steps: Recommendations for Authors, Reviewers and Editors We review contemporary best practice for developing and validating measures of constructs in the organizational sciences. The three basic steps in scale development are: (a) construct definition, (b) choosing operationalizations that match the construct definition, and (c) obtaining empirical evidence to confirm construct validity. While summarizing this 3‐step process [i.e., Define‐Operationalize‐Confirm], we address many issues in establishing construct validity and provide a checklist for journal reviewers and authors when evaluating the validity of measures used in organizational research. Among other points, we pay special attention to construct conceptualization, acknowledging existing constructs, improving existing measures, multidimensional constructs, macro‐level constructs, and the need for independent samples to confirm construct validity and measurement equivalence across subpopulations. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Illinois PI/PDs: Lambert, L.S. University of Illinois: Newman, D.A.
Supervisors’ Trust in their Subordinates: A Quantitative and Qualitative Exploration of Trust and Trustworthiness Subordinates assess the trustworthiness of their supervisors based on their ability, benevolence and integrity. Supervisors’ assessments of trustworthiness have been presumed to rely on these same dimensions, but the inherently asymmetrical relationship between subordinate and the supervisor suggests that the development of trust for the supervisor and the subordinate may differ. Using quantitative and qualitative data, the authors provide evidence that supervisors and subordinates focus on different aspects of trustworthiness in assessing whether to trust someone. Within the context of the supervisor‐subordinate relationship, this study lays the groundwork for a new dimension of trustworthiness, subordinates’ development over time. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Caucasus University, Towson State University, Xavier University, Abraham Baldwin College PI/PDs: Lambert, L.S. Caucasus University: Brekashvili, P. Abraham Baldwin College: Currie, R. Xavier University: Hardt, G. Towson State University: Darden, T. Emotion Regulation and Emotional Authenticity The emotion regulation literature has focused primarily on comparing the methods of surface acting and deep acting, yet scholars have also noted the importance of naturally felt emotions as a means for achieving a desired emotional display. The literature has also mainly examined positive displays, yet there are many situations that call for the display of negative emotions. To advance theory and research, we draw from theory on central principles of approach/avoidance motivation to understand why an individual would choose a given emotional display method, as well as the extent to which a given method is beneficial versus harmful to individuals. In doing so, we identify the valence of the emotion being displayed as a critical factor influencing the benefits and detriments of emotional display methods. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Michigan State University PI/PDs: Anna Lennard Michigan State University: Brent Scott, Becca Mitchel, Russell Johnson
Justice Needs: A Polynomial Perspective It is typically assumed that the receipt of justice is always desirable and results in exclusively positive consequences for individuals. This assumption owes to the fact that justice serves important psychological needs, yet the daily salience or importance of those needs can fluctuate. Thus, there may be days when employees do not necessarily desire justice, and as a consequence, higher levels of justice on those days may actually be problematic. In this paper, we use person‐environment fit to explicate the consequences of congruence across employees’ levels of justice needed and received. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Georgia, University of Massachusetts‐ Amherst, Texas A&M, Michigan State University PI/PDs: Anna Lennard University of Georgia: Fadel Matta University of Massachusetts‐Amherst: Szu‐Han Lin Texas A&M: Joel Koopman Michigan State University: Russell Johnson
Escalation of Commitment The escalation of commitment literature has proposed numerous drivers that influence escalation decisions. However, escalation drivers affect projects at different stages, but time and different organizational levels of influence are often not considered in the escalation of commitment literature, and there is little theory to organize and delineate these various drivers and contexts. We believe that these limitations in theorizing are reducing the usefulness of escalation of commitment research and aim to build new theory on escalation of commitment by using the organizational commitment literature as a lens to understand how commitment can increase over the lifetime of a project and what situational and personal drivers of commitment can be impactful. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Michigan State University PI/PDs: Anna Lennard Michigan State University: Donald Conlon, Gerry McNamara
How Network Position and Structure Shape Managerial Responses to Underperformance Recent performance feedback literature highlights the difference between social and historical aspirations, and we theorize and examine how a firm’s network position and configuration creates distinct social pressures that impact managers’ prioritization of performance feedback sources. We use a dataset of the alliance networks of 4,726 firms from 2000‐2015. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Owen Parker, Taha Havakhor, Jake Duke, Rachel Mui
Novel Ends and Common Means: How Poor Product Quality Shapes Multidimensional Search Despite growing recognition that managers search for solutions across multiple dimensions in response to poor performance, scholarly understanding of a multidimensional search process is lacking. We examine this question in the realm of new product development, distinguishing between the two components of means‐oriented search (i.e., the product development process) and ends‐oriented search (i.e., the product features). Our dataset consists of empirical tests of 810 feature film observations across 16 studios in the U.S. film industry from 2000‐2010 largely supports our arguments. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Nebraska PI/PDs: Owen Parker, Rachel Mui University of Nebraska‐Lincoln: Varkey Titus
Change is the Only Constant: The Fit between Exploitation, Imitation, and Collaborative History. Firms can achieve relatively certain returns from both exploitation and imitation if the individuals tasked with implementing product positioning efforts possess the appropriate experiential resources. To address this, we draw on contingency theory to examine the fit between product positioning and collaborative history of those engaged in product development. We test our predictions in the context of the video game industry, with a sample of 1,057 video games released by 53 game publishers from 1996 to 2013, spanning 40,968 individual personnel with 90,010 person‐game observations. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, North Carolina State University, Arizona State University PI/PDs: Owen Parker, Rachel Mui North Carolina State University: Nachiket Bhawe Arizona State University: Matthew Semadeni
When the Spotlight Burns: Social Media and the High Price of ‘Playing Hardball’ for Female Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs are subject to a variety of evaluative social judgments from diverse stakeholder groups, yet most empirical research tends to examine analytical assessments from investors. We posit that female‐dominant teams will receive less social approval than other teams due to the perceived incongruence with the masculine entrepreneurial stereotype. We then propose that there are moderating factors—the number of investment offers made, whether a deal is struck, and the gender of the investor—that may exacerbate or alleviate this bias. Our findings indicate that, contrary to our hypothesis, female‐dominant teams receive more social approval, though the proposed moderating factors provide critical nuance to this relationship. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Nebraska‐Lincoln PI/PDs: Owen Parker University of Nebraska‐Lincoln: Varkey Titus, Jon O’Brien, Christopher Aumueller
The Role of Quality Sequences in Reputation Formation Given the surge of interest in liabilities of high reputation, we draw upon signaling and information processing theories to examine how “product quality disappointments” differentially affect perceptions of a firm’s reputation for quality. We theorize that disappointment has different implications for modest versus high accumulations of product quality, asserting that high quality is relatively insensitive to the hazards of quality disappointment. We use a randomized, controlled experiment to examine perceived reputation for nine distinct sequences of three product introductions and their associated quality ratings, and find effects on observers’ perceptions of reputation for quality which generally support our hypotheses. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Nebraska PI/PDs: Owen Parker, Kevin Gong, Rachel Mui University of Nebraska‐Lincoln: Varkey Titus
Status Position and Durability as Drivers of Aspiration Salience Given developments in the performance aspiration literature that highlight the differential effects of social versus historical aspiration, we examine how firm status, measured by networking positioning and structure, impacts the salience of response towards different performance feedback sources. We posit that firms with central status positions in the network are more concerned with outperforming peers to maintain their position and thus are more responsive to social rather than historical aspirations. Our dataset includes alliance and board interlock networks of 4,726 firms from 2000‐2015. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Owen Parker, Jake Duke, Taha Havakhor, Rachel Mui,
External Attributions of Failure and Managerial Responses to Underperformance The problem of underperformance is a central consideration of strategic management. Within the tradition of the behavioral theory of the firm (BTF), research focuses on managerial responses to underperformance, particularly as it relates to search activities sparked by performing below an aspirational threshold (referred to as “problemistic search”). However, research has focused on the action outcome of underperformance at the expense of examining the cognitions surrounding the response itself, and we must consider how they perceive their role in the firm’s underperformance. We draw on attribution theory to explain managerial cognitions in the wake of negative performance feedback. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Nebraska‐Lincoln PI/PDs: Owen Parker University of Nebraska‐Lincoln: Varkey Titus, Jon O’Brien
Conductor Gender, Stylistic Conformity, and Performance of American Orchestras. EARLY STAGE: With this paper, we examine how a conductor’s gender influences their conformity to norms in selecting orchestral programming for an orchestra performance season. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Owen Parker, Rachel Mui
Diversification as Performance Feedback Response Among ICT Firms. EARLY STAGE: An issue that has plagued behavioral theory research is the definition of one’s peers when making performance comparisons and setting performance aspirations. In this paper, we address this issue by creating inductive measures of strategic groups using overlap in content of products and services offered by the firms in a network. Sponsors: Oklahoma State Unniversity, University of Nebraska‐Lincoln PI/PDs: Owen Parker University of Nebraska‐Lincoln: Varkey Titus, Jon O’Brien
The Formation and Maintenance of Reputation for Innovation EARLY STAGE: Firms can obtain a reputation for innovation in numerous ways, but less is known about which elements contribute most strongly to this reputation formation process. We use data from the Fortune’s Most Admired Companies ranking, data on R&D spending, and patent activities to determine which elements and in what combination most strongly drive reputation for innovation. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Arizona State University PI/PDs: Owen Parker, Taha Havakhor, Mike Schuster Arizona State University: Fei Li
Reputation Divergence and Firm Responses EARLY STAGE: While substantial research examines the performance implications of reputation and how reputation can shape firm decisions, much less is known about how the divergence between a firm’s multiple reputations, e.g., reputation for innovation and reputation for product quality, drive decisions. We examine one key outcome, R&D spending, and theorize and test how the effect of a firm’s long‐term value reputation on its R&D spending is shaped by the firm’s relative reputations for innovation versus quality. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Owen Parker, Jiancheng Du
The Power of Pessimism: Exploring the Phenomenon of Negative‐Leaning Anticipatory Impression Management. EARLY STAGE: In virtually all prior research on organization‐level impression management, scholars have assumed that firms engage in positive language to cast the firm in a favorable light. We examine those rare but important instances in which firms do the opposite, casting doubt and highlighting negativity about the firm’s performance prospects. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Georgia, University of Nebraska PI/PDs: Owen Parker University of Georgia: Cole Short University of Nebraska‐Lincoln: Varkey Titus
Reputation, CEO Effects, and Performance EARLY STAGE: Long debated is the proportion of performance variance explained by the CEO’s contribution to the firm. This paper parses this issue by examining the joint influence of a firm’s reputation on performance. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas Christian University, Texas A&M, PI/PDs: Owen Parker Texas Christian University: Ryan Krause Texas A&M University: Michael Withers Frankfurt School of Finance & Management: Markus Fitza
Opposite Sides of the Same Coin: Worker Classification in the New Economy This project examines a proposed legal test for employee status focused on the presence of factors indicating entrepreneurship. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Griffin Pivateau
Prospects and Pitfalls: Women in the Legal Cannabis Industry This project proposes a regulatory framework for protection against sex discrimination in the states that have legalized the production and sale of cannabis. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Griffin Pivateau
Corruption in International Arbitration: Challenges and Consequences This project addresses four key issues that may significantly affect international arbitration outcomes. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Griffin Pivateau
The Role of Middle Manager Boundary Spanning in Intergroup Effectiveness A major challenge for middle managers during strategic change is managing intergroup effectiveness. We argue that middle manager boundary spanning is key in meeting this challenge is. We argue that middle manager boundary spanning is more effective for intergroup effectiveness when teams are not part of the same division. Moreover, we hypothesize that boundary spanning by managers of interdependent teams that are not from the same division is more strongly positively related to intergroup effectiveness when these teams have high intergroup strategic consensus. Multisource data on 188 intergroup dyads, 48 supervisors, 49 middle managers, and 52 highly task‐interdependent teams support our predictions. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Drexel University PI/PDs: Jeanine Porck Drexel University: Daan van Knippenberg
Preventing Silo’s from Going Solo: the Role of Conflict Management Style and Team Learning Behavior in Inter‐team Coordination & Knowledge Exchange. A challenge many organizations face pursuing strategies that require cross‐team coordination and knowledge exchange is eradicating silo thinking. This study explores the role of conflict management style and team learning with longitudinal data collected from 27 interdependent teams in a large government organization in Western Europe. Preliminary results show that interdependent teams that recognize their interdependence link are better at exchanging knowledge and inter‐team coordination. Interdependent teams that engage more in team learning and coordinative conflict management are also better at exchanging knowledge and inter‐team coordination. Relational identification and organizational identification seem to impact the strength of these relationships. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Drexel University PI/PDs: Jeanine Porck Drexel University: Daan van Knippenberg
Strategic Decision Making in Multi‐team Systems. Judgment and decision‐making research has a long tradition in management. Despite numerous reviews of this topic in the organizational behavior, and psychology, there is little investigation of decision making in multi‐team systems. This is surprising, given the extreme decision‐making context faced by multi‐team systems—such as high uncertainty, time pressure, emotionally charged, and consequential extremes. I will study the role of strategic decision making and contextual factors in multi‐team systems, composed of three five‐person, functionally specialized component teams, which will be engaged in an exercise that is simultaneously “laboratory‐like” and “field‐like.” Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Jeanine Porck
Middle Managers, Coopetition and Intraorganizational Knowledge Transfer Intraorganizational knowledge transfer is difficult yet critical for numerous organizational outcomes. The knowledge‐sharing behavior of middle managers, those often tasked with managing this knowledge transfer, should, however, not be taken for granted. This paper aims to develop an understanding of the underlying motives middle managers have when coordinating knowledge transfer between teams that are in coopetition, i.e. engage simultaneously in cooperative and competitive behaviors. Specifically, I argue that coopetition may prompt middle managers to adopt more myopic motives that make these managers less inclined to coordinate knowledge exchange between teams in their organization. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Jeanine Porck
Instrumental CWB The dominant theoretical rationales used to explain counterproductive work behavior (CWB) position the behavior as a reaction to negative work events. Within these widely used frameworks CWB is preceded by aversive emotional states, with the primary goal of the behavior being harm to an intended target. However, these approaches fail to recognize alternative, goal‐ directed motives for CWB. This type of CWB, motivated by achievement of planned objectives, is better conceptualized as instrumental CWB. Using a grounded theory approach, we define four alternative motives for CWB: affiliation, conformity, status gain, and tangible goods. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Seth Smart, Lindsey Greco
“When and Why Leaders Trust Followers: LMX as a Mediator and Empowerment as a Moderator of the Trustworthiness‐Trust Relationship" The role of leader–member exchange (LMX) quality as a mediator of the trustworthiness‐trust relationship between 347 subordinate‐ supervisor dyads using 3 time‐lagged surveys across multiple organizations. This study demonstrates the mediating role of LMX in trust between subordinates and supervisors. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, State of Illinois, University of Illinois, Chicago PI/PDs: Stone, T. H. State of Illinois: Jawahar, I. M. University of Illinois, Chicago: Kluemper, D.
Cutting‐Edge Performance Management Innovations: What Do We Know? Despite a century of effort by human resources professionals and industrial psychologists to improve the performance management process (DeNisi and Murphy 2017), dissatisfaction with these processes has led to the adoption of innovative cutting‐edge practices among many progressive organizations. Three practices — ongoing feedback, crowdsourced feedback and ratingless reviews — have been widely heralded in the popular and business press, but researchers have only begun to carefully discuss them and examine their effectiveness. This paper describes these innovations, assesses how they resemble and differ from traditional performance management methods, reviews current research, suggests research questions and discusses issues related to their adoption. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, State of Illinois, Passkeys, International PI/PDs: Stone, T. H. State of Illinois: Jawahar, I. M. Passkeys, International: Johnsen, G. Deloitte, Foster, J.
Cutting‐Edge Performance Appraisal Practices: The Disconnect Between Employee Preference and Public Attention Dissatisfaction with current performance appraisal methods has led to a set of innovative “cutting edge” practices, and the only study conducted so far sampled known adopters. Three hundred and thirty two respondents described their current appraisal process, rated their preference for appraisal types, and completed the Hogan Development Survey. Exploratory factor analysis, preferences, correlations, and ANOVA results indicate significant differences in preferences for source and delivery method of the appraisal and type of feedback. The findings show a disconnect between public attention of cutting edge practices and actual employee preference towards appraisal methods, thus suggesting further research is appropriate. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, OU Tulsa, Hogan Assessments, Illinois State PI/PDs: ‐ Stone, T. H. OU Tulsa: Steinheider, B., Hoffmeister, V. Hogan Assessments: Ferrell , B. Illinois State: Jawahar, I. M.
The Double‐Edged Sword of Having a Unique Perspective: Feelings of Discrimination and Perceived Career Advantages Among LGBT Employees Drawing on social identity theory and self‐verification theory, we conducted an online, exploratory survey of 150 LGBT workers in 28 countries to examine three questions: 1) Do employees feel discriminated against and which factors contribute to perceptions of discrimination? 2) Do LGBT employees believe they have a unique work perspective and do they feel their employers appreciate it? 3) What factors are associated with disclosure vs. non‐ disclosure? Collectively these questions have implications for health and well‐being as well as for work engagement and career prospects of LGBT workers. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of London, OU Tulsa, PI/PDs: Stone, T. H. University of London: Gacilo, J. C. G. OU Tulsa: Steinheider, B., Hoffmeister, V. Illinois State: Jawahar, I. M.
Understanding Gratitude and Prosocial Behaviors in Supervisor‐Subordinate Relationships Drawing on gratitude scholarship and (affect) theory of social exchange, supervisors and subordinates are posited to use gratitude as a cue to determine appropriate prosocial responses within the relationship. We argue that relationship‐based gratitude, consisting of felt gratitude from one party leading to feelings of gratitude toward the other party, can encourage prosocial behaviors in supervisor‐subordinate relationships. Particularly, perceptions of attributed motivation of prosocial behavior are proposed to shape felt gratitude response to received prosocial behavior. Ethical leadership is identified as a relevant contextual factor shaping subordinates’ and supervisors’ convergent and divergent prosocial behavioral responses to gratitude. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, NEOMA University, France, York University, Toronto PI/PDs: Stone, T. H. NEOMA University, France: Harrison, J. York University, Toronto: Budworth, M. H.
Stress Leadership We discuss supervisor and subordinate characteristics as causes of abusive supervision and highlight the scarcity of research on contextual factors as antecedents. We focus on contexts in which abusive supervision could have positive effects, such as in critical action organizations, sports or when the purpose of abusive supervision is to instill “mental toughness” or weed out the unfit. Through this qualitative review we identify areas for future research. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Windsor, Auckland Technology University, New Zealand, Illinois State PI/PDs: Stone, T. H. University of Windsor: Samnani, A.K. Auckland Technology University, New Zealand: Cooper‐Thomas, H. Illinois State: Jawahar, I.M.
Minority Perspective‐Taking: When Authenticity Climate Promotes Minority Involvement in White‐Dominated Spaces Underrepresented minorities often have negative workplace experiences that influence their intentions to stay within their white‐dominated organizations. We posit that perspective‐ taking—imagining the world from another’s perspective—is a strategic tool minorities use to effectively manage their workplace experiences. We argue that perspective‐taking allows minorities to accurately assess and navigate their organizational worlds. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Northwestern University, London School of Economics, Slippery Rock University, Columbia University PI/PDs: Alexis Smith Washington, Bryan Edwards Northwestern University: Cynthia Wang London School of Economics: Gillian Ku Slippery Rock University: Edward Scott Columbia University: Adam Galinsky
The Flirting Bias: The Influence of Gender on the Evaluations of Flirtatious Employees This work examines the display of flirtatious behaviors used by men and women at work. Study 1 assesses what qualifies as flirtatious behaviors for men and women, and took preliminary measures of individuals’ reactions to flirtatious behavior. In support of our hypothesis, female flirts received fewer reward recommendations than did male flirts. Study 2, will extend Study 2 by assessing observers’ perceptions of competence, liking and attraction, and reward recommendations of specific male and female flirtatious behaviors. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Ball State University, Pennsylvania State University, Northeastern University PI/PDs: Alexis Smith Washington Ball State University: Brian Webster Pennsylvania State University, Eerie: Joongseo Kim Northeastern University: Marla B. Watkins
Emotion Regulation and Emotional Authenticity The emotion regulation literature has focused primarily on comparing the methods of surface acting and deep acting, yet scholars have also noted the importance of naturally felt emotions as a means for achieving a desired emotional display. The literature has also mainly examined positive displays, yet there are many situations that call for the display of negative emotions. To advance theory and research, we draw from theory on central principles of approach/avoidance motivation to understand why an individual would choose a given emotional display method, as well as the extent to which a given method is beneficial versus harmful to individuals. In doing so, we identify the valence of the emotion being displayed as a critical factor influencing the benefits and detriments of emotional display methods. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Michigan State University PI/PDs: Alexis Smith Washington Michigan State University: Brent Scott, Becca Mitchel, Russell Johnson
Justice Needs: A Polynomial Perspective It is typically assumed that the receipt of justice is always desirable and results in exclusively positive consequences for individuals. This assumption owes to the fact that justice serves important psychological needs, yet the daily salience or importance of those needs can fluctuate. Thus, there may be days when employees do not necessarily desire justice, and as a consequence, higher levels of justice on those days may actually be problematic. In this paper, we use person‐environment fit to explicate the consequences of congruence across employees’ levels of justice needed and received. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Georgia, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Texas A&M, Michigan State University PI/PDs: Alexis Smith Washington University of Georgia: Fadel Matta University of Massachusetts, Amherst: Szu‐Han Lin Texas A&M: Joel Koopman Michigan State University: Russell Johnson
Escalation of Commitment The escalation of commitment literature has proposed numerous drivers that influence escalation decisions. However, escalation drivers affect projects at different stages, but time and different organizational levels of influence are often not considered in the escalation of commitment literature, and there is little theory to organize and delineate these various drivers and contexts. We believe that these limitations in theorizing are reducing the usefulness of escalation of commitment research and aim to build new theory on escalation of commitment by using the organizational commitment literature as a lens to understand how commitment can increase over the lifetime of a project and what situational and personal drivers of commitment can be impactful. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Michigan State University PI/PDs: Alexis Smith Washington Michigan State University: Donald Conlon, Gerry McNamara
SCHOOL OF MARKETING AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Big Brands, Big Cities: How the Population Penalty affects Common, Identity Relevant Brands in Densely Populated Areas The population density of a geographical area has a well‐known and strong positive effect on sales in the area. Yet, for some brands, there may be factors that affect the strength of this density‐sales relationship. The present research shows that for product categories that consumers use to signal their identities (e.g., clothing, restaurants and cars); the strength of this relationship varies with brand commonness. Consumers residing in densely populated areas are motivated to express their distinctiveness by reducing their preference for identity relevant brands that are common, such as large chains and brands owned by many people. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Zachary Arens, Ted Matherly
The Substitution Strategy Dilemma: Substitute Selection versus Substitute Effectiveness Many brands build market share by acting as a substitute when competitive brands become undesirable or difficult to obtain. Notably, prior research offers competing strategic recommendations for marketers hoping to encourage consumers to engage in substitution. Past research examining substitute selection—measuring consumers’ beliefs about how well one product will substitute for another—suggests that marketers should offer replacements that are similar to the initially preferred product. In contrast, research examining substitute effectiveness—the consequences of substitution—suggests that differentiated brands will enjoy more long‐term success. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Zachary Arens
The Rebound of the Forgone Alternative Fifty years of cognitive dissonance research suggests that when consumers make a difficult choice, the alternative they forgo is devalued for an extended period of time, making it less likely to be chosen in the future. In a series of four studies, we show that completely consuming the chosen alternative moderates this effect. After the chosen alternative has been consumed, creating a sense of consumption closure, the attractiveness of forgone alternative rebounds to its original value. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Zachary Arens
Why Focusing on the Similarity of Substitutes Leaves a Lot to Be Desired Consumers frequently choose substitutes for products that are out‐of‐stock or unavailable. In a series of studies, we show that focusing on differences between the substitute and the unattained alternative reduces the consumer’s desire for the unattained alternative more than focusing on similarities between them. We demonstrate that focusing on similarities highlights attributes that the substitute and the unattained alternative share, thereby maintaining desire for the unattained alternative, whereas focusing on differences highlights attributes distinct to the substitute. As a result, focusing on differences decreases consumption of the unattained alternative after consuming the substitute, potentially reducing overconsumption and overspending. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Zachary Arens
Consumer Substitution Decisions: An Integrative Framework Substitution decisions have been examined from a variety of perspectives. The economics literature measures cross‐price elasticity, operations research models optimal assortments, the psychology literature studies goals in conflict, and marketing research has examined substitution‐in‐use, brand switching, stock outs and self‐control. We integrate these perspectives into a common framework for understanding consumer substitution decisions, their specific drivers (availability of new alternatives, internal vs. external restrictions on choice), the moderating role of a consumer’s commitment to an initially desired alternative, and the affective, motivational, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes of substitution. We use this framework to recommend new avenues for research. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Zachary Arens, Rebecca Hamilton
The Duality of Decisions and the Case for Impulsiveness Metrics Customer metrics help firms manage their performance and predict financial outcomes. While many firms focus on customer satisfaction metrics for this purpose, dual‐process theories in psychology and neuroscience show that customer decisions are based on two processes. This suggests that metrics which measure the impulsiveness of purchase decisions might effectively complement customer satisfaction metrics. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate that satisfaction and impulsiveness metrics make distinct but strong predictions of consumer choices. Satisfaction and impulsiveness influence choice in different ways. While impulsiveness relates to choice directly, the satisfaction‐choice path is mediated by loyalty intention. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Zachary Arens
The Dynamics of Consumer Behavior: A Goal Systemic Perspective Like most behavior, consumer behavior too is goal driven. In turn, goals constitute cognitive constructs that can be chronically active as well as primed by features of the environment. Goal systems theory outlines the principles that characterize the dynamics of goal pursuit and explores their implications for consumer behavior. In this vein, we discuss from a common, goal systemic, perspective a variety of well‐known phenomena in the realm of consumer behavior including brand loyalty, variety seeking, impulsive buying, preferences, choices and regret. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Zachary Arens, Catalina E. Kopetz
Everyday Concepts and Classification Errors: Judgments of Disability and Residence This article examines two neglected sources of misinterpretations of survey questions. Respondents may misunderstand the questions because the survey uses an everyday term in a technical way that differs from the everyday sense (and respondents fail to recognize the difference); in addition, respondents may have trouble applying the concept to borderline cases, situations that do not map neatly onto whichever sense of the concept they are trying to use. We call these two problems misalignment of the concepts and imperfect fit between concept and instance. We examined two everyday concepts – residence and disability – that figure prominently in surveys. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Zachary Arens, Roger Tourangeau
Frontline Employee Passion: Understanding and contrasting the dynamics of serving customers and solving problems in both established and emerging markets. Service is about serving people and solving problems. Through our research, we ask an important question: “Is it possible for frontline employees to activate passion for their roles through service encounters with customers?” By creating and testing a multi‐cultural model that integrates organizationally‐controllable antecedents (i.e., autonomy, rewards/recognition and training), shown to relate to important outcomes (organizational commitment and engagement), our research provides evidence that frontline employees across cultures may activate their passion to serve customers and solve problems through service encounters in differential ways Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Thomas More College, Case Western Reserve, Ohio Northern University PI/PDs: Todd Arnold Thomas More College: Angela Crawford Case Western Reserve: Casey Newmeyer Ohio Northern University: Jin Ho Jung
Understanding a Store Manager’s Intra‐Organizational Relationship Capacity: A research note Despite the critical role that store managers play in linking top management teams and service/retail employees, as well as in fulfilling corporate strategy within multi‐unit, chain store environments, service management research infrequently addresses the factors that may promote store managers’ effective exchange relationships within the firm and subsequent effects on store operations and profitability. This study focuses on how store managers’ performance orientation, trust of a regional manager’s capabilities, and organizational commitment affect a manager’s intra‐organizational relationships relative to regional managers and frontline employees. The direct effect of store managers’ intra‐organizational relationship capacity on store performance is also examined. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Babson College PI/PDs: Todd Arnold Babson College: Dhruv Grewal
Adaptive Selling and Employee Authenticity: Perspectives from customers This paper aims to shed light on potential moderating conditions between a salesperson’s engaging in adaptive selling behavior and important organizational outcomes. Specifically, the effect of salesperson authenticity acting as a moderating condition is examined. Survey data collected from customers of an insurance firm in South Korea were used to investigate the proposed model. Customer perceptions of salesperson adaptive selling, authenticity, key benefits delivered, and organizational value provision were all captured. The results suggest that authenticity does, indeed, positively influence perceptions of beneficial outcomes related to a transaction with a salesperson. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Soongsil University ROK PI/PDs: Todd Arnold Soongsil University ROK: Jay Yoo
Salesperson Acceptance of Organizational Service Support Offerings and Related Effects upon Performance The purpose of this research is to investigate the interface between salespeople and organizationally provided support services (hereafter referred to as OPS). Specifically, we will look at an early‐stage support service offering from a firm (i.e., the development of a salesperson’s physical office near the beginning of his/her employment with the organization) and examine how such a service offering may ‘set the stage,’ as it were, for salesperson views of the organizationally provided service offering. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Lamar University, University of Montana PI/PDs: Todd Arnold Lamar University: Ken Evans University of Montana: Simona Stan
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Innovation Performance This study aims to make three vital contributions in marketing and strategic management areas. First, using RBV and a dynamic capabilities perspective as our theoretical foundation, this study contributes to the extant literature by seizing the underlying mechanism through which EO affects firm performance based on the subsequent theoretical linkages: strategic resources strategic actions (organizational responsiveness) competitive advantage performance. Our theoretical rationale is that EO as an important strategic resource contributes to firm performance through a sequential link of EO dynamic capabilities competitive advantages firm performance. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Chinese Culture University Taiwan PI/PDs: Todd Arnold Chinese Culture University Taiwan: Peter Chen
Alliance Orientation, Competitive Advantage in NPD, and New Product Success Strategic orientation is a key determinant of new product development (NPD) performance, yet, little is known about the real value of alliance orientation (AO) in the context of NPD, as well as how it contributes to new product success. This study advances knowledge by investigating the role of important mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the AO new product success relationship. Applying a dynamic capabilities perspective, the research demonstrates that competitive advantage in NPD program and process play a significant and varied role (depending upon environmental conditions) in affecting new product success. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Chinese Culture University Taiwan PI/PDs: Todd Arnold Chinese Culture University Taiwan: Peter Chen
I Wish the Bears Were Bigger: The Role of Potent Upward Counterfactuals in a Participatory Set Up The U.S. retail industry makes billions of dollars a year by engaging customers to participate in their business (design, production, delivery of goods and services). In relation to this, the psychological implications of such participation by customers have recently begun to gain scholarly prominence. This paper explores the role of potent upward counterfactual thinking, or the process of looking back at events and thinking about how things could have turned out better, in relation to a participatory set up. More specifically, the role of upward counterfactual potency on perceived ownership towards a co‐produced good is examined. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Delaware State University PI/PDs: Todd Arnold Delaware State University: Devdeep Maity
An Empirical Investigation of Challenge and Hindrance Appraisals of Customer Demands For exchange to occur, frontline employees (FLE) must effectively respond to customer requests. Some studies find that – when such requests are rooted in heightened expectations – they can be detrimental to FLE welfare, while others reach the opposite conclusion. Using cognitive appraisal theory to reconcile these mixed findings, we propose that customer requests are neither “good” nor “bad,” but rather, their nature and consequences depend on whether individual FLEs appraise them to be a challenge or hindrance. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Tennessee PI/PDs: Tom Brown, Jin Ho Jung University of Tennessee‐Knoxville: Alex R. Zablah
The Positive Influence of Watching Others Receive Preferential Treatment: The Role of Envy The purpose of this research is to examine how and when companies can motivate non‐prioritized consumers to respond positively to customer prioritization and mitigate their negative reactions. We conducted two studies to test whether non‐prioritized customers can respond positively to preferential treatment received by others. In this study, we collected the data from hotel customers surveyed through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Overall, we used a video experiment to increase the realism of the manipulation and to establish internal validity and we employed a field survey to demonstrate external validity. We also suggest that the aspect of upward comparison that people pay attention to can influence whether they respond positively or negatively to an upward comparison episode. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, University of Northern Michigan PI/PDs: Tom Brown University of Northern Michigan: Yu‐shan Huang
But I Want to Help: The Influence of Customer Orientation on Customer‐Focused Voice and Rule‐breaking Sometimes frontline employees are prevented from helping their customers. In these situations, the literature offers little guidance about how they respond to their customers. Two possible responses are to speak up to management about needed changes or to simply break company rules to help the customer. This research examines conditions under which customer orientation leads to one or the other response. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, New Mexico State University, University of Tennessee PI/PDs: Tom Brown New Mexico State University: Gabriel Gazzoli University of Tennessee‐Knoxville: Alex R. Zablah
The Evolution of Analytics and Implications for Industry and Academic Programs In this work, we discuss how analytics is evolving in industry and academia. To assess industry needs, we conducted a text‐mining study of online job postings for analytics‐related positions. We also conducted a survey of academic programs in analytics‐related master’s programs to ascertain topic coverage relative to industry needs. Based on these studies, we discuss gaps that we believe need to be addressed. While industry moves along the analytics maturity spectrum from descriptive to predictive to prescriptive optimization‐based analytics, analytics master’s programs are focusing less on optimization and heavily on predictive analytics, thus creating a gap in the analytics training. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Goutam Chakraborty
Attribute‐based Sentiment Analysis in Marketing: Application and strategic implications Increasingly, customers use social media and other Internet‐based applications (e.g., review sites) to voice their opinions and to express their sentiments about brands. These reviews influence brand identity, either directly (by affecting consumer behavior) or indirectly (by generating positive or negative word‐of‐mouth through online social networks). We present an automated methodology that can be used to collect data from popular brand review sites and discussion boards. Customer feedback is then analyzed using best practices of text mining and supervised sentiment analysis. Strategic implications of customer sentiments are discussed as we explore the role of sentiment analysis on modification of branding strategy. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Goutam Chakraborty
In Human Expert or Algorithm We Trust: A Cross‐Cultural Perspective In this research, we are interested in examining the factors, which influence consumers’ trust in human expert vs. algorithm in cross‐cultural context. We study three broad categories: task‐ related characteristics (e.g., creativity, difficulty, hedonic/utilitarian, objectivity, and familiarity), cultural factors (cultural dimensions), and individual traits (innovativeness and familiarity with technology and AI). In two studies across different recommendation scenarios, we find that consumers in general trust human experts more than algorithm. Furthermore, we plan to conduct several experiments to test the underlying mechanism that accounts for the differences between cultures. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Sun Yat Sen University PI/PDs: Xiang Fang Sun Yat Sen University: Jifei Wu, Hongyan Yu
Touch or Click? The Effect of Direct and Indirect Human‐Computer Interaction on Consumer Responses Human‐computer interaction is the way consumers access product, service and information, which affects consumers’ attitude, evaluation and purchase behavior. This paper examines how human‐computer interaction affect consumer attitude and purchase intention. Four studies demonstrate that consumer with direct human‐computer interaction will generate more favorable consumers’ attitudes and greater purchase intentions than those with indirect human‐computer interaction. This effect is mediated by sense of immersion and this effect is moderated by the product haptic importance: sense of immersion significantly mediates the effect of human‐computer on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions for high haptic products. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Sun Yat Sen University PI/PDs: Xiang Fang Sun Yat Sen University: Jifei Wu, Hongyan Yu
Examining the Effect of a Firm’s Product Recall on Financial Values of Its Competitors Generally, scholars examine the effect of product recall on the recall firms from two different perspectives. One is from a consumer’s perspective, which looks at how product recall affects consumers’ quality perception, brand image, and loyalty. The other stream of research focuses on the impact of product recall on sales, market share, or even stock prices. In this research, we follow the second stream of research and focus on the effect of product recall on financial values. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Towson University, Shanghai Univ. of Finance and Economics PI/PDs: Xiang Fang Towson University: Yingying Shao Shanghai University of Finance and Economics: Xiaoyu Wang
When Necessary Evil is Good: Examining the Effect of Necessary Evil on Witnessing Customers' Responses in Dysfunctional Customer Encounters Although service employees are often expected to display positive emotions when encountering dysfunctional customers, we propose that necessary evil represents a better strategy to help employees deal with dysfunctional customer encounters. The findings of three studies suggest that the customers who witness dysfunctional encounters respond more positively if service employees perform necessary evils. The target of a dysfunctional encounter (employee or customer) moderates the effect of necessary evil on service quality and positive word of mouth. Finally, the positive effect is mediated by both interactional justice and deontic justice. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Xiang Fang, Sandy Huang, Ruping Liu
Managers as Engineers of Market Knowledge Network: Typology and a Conceptual Framework Adopting a grounded theory approach, we offer a typology of manager’s network engineering that is based on three key variables, including managers’ market orientation, their network approach (proactive or reactive), and their servant leadership approach (self‐focused or other‐ focused). Specifically, we propose that marketing managers engineer the social networks of their frontline employees in four unique ways—they may (1) facilitate connections, (2) alter connections, (3) lend connections, or (4) sever connections between the frontline employees and important others. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Baylor University, University of Georgia PI/PDs: Karen Flaherty University of Georgia: Son Lam Baylor University: Andrea Dixon
Investigating Firm Level Drivers of Salesperson Brand Identification Taking a social identity theory perspective, we uncover specific actions that firms can take to manage salespeople’s identification with the brands they sell. In particular, we identify five specific brand relationship investments that firms can leverage to increase salesperson’s identification and engagement with the brand, and ultimately performance. These include providing brand specific 1) rewards, 2) communication, 3) productive consumption, 4) leader brand role modeling, and 5) leader effort. Further, we suggest that reactance and social norms moderate these relationships. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Karen Flaherty, Lee Allison
Who will Compromise? The Role of Gender in Joint Ethical Decision‐Making Current understanding of how unethical behavior arises in a business context remains unclear. This may be due in part to the complex nature of business decisions. In this study, we report the results of an experiment designed to shed some light on factors that influence how moral judgments arise in a team situation. Based on a sample of 249 undergraduate student teams, we first consider the role that the individual’s and their partner’s motivation‐to‐lead and political skill play in determining the extent to which the person adjusts his/her response to an ethical dilemma to reflect greater sensitivity to moral issues. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Karen Flaherty, Jim Pappas, Tara Urich Do Emotional Laborers Help the Needy More or Less? The Mediating Role of Sympathy in the Effect of Emotional Dissonance on Prosocial Behavior Despite the growing body of research on emotional labor, little has been known about the social consequences of emotional labor. Drawing on emotional dissonance theory, the authors investigate the relationship between the felt emotional dissonance and prosocial behavior (e.g., donation to a charity). Findings from multiple studies suggest that higher emotional dissonance serially influences perceived lack of control, emotional exhaustion, lowered sympathy for others’ feeling, and subsequently lower willingness to help others. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: JiHoon Jhang
Product Complexity as a Barrier to Consumer Financial Decision‐Making The complexity of financial products has been increasing over time, and represents a major barrier to advantageous financial decision‐making. The current experiments use eye‐tracking, behavioral, and cognitive measures to investigate how complexity and information load affects consumers’ evaluations of real‐world annuity products. Experiment 1) demonstrates that increased complexity and load leads to distraction away from the materials, as well as missing critical disclosure information. Experiment 2) demonstrates that even large minimizations in complexity and load have little effect on individuals’ preferences for an objectively better product. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Colorado Boulder PI/PDs: Jihoon Jang University of Colorado Boulder: Philip Fernbach
Consumer Perceptions of Business’ Ethicality, Sustainability and Quality of Life Influence: Implications for the Commons This research examines the important role of consumers’ perceptions of businesses ethical practices in their corresponding support for sustainable businesses. Based on a study featuring 304 respondents, results suggest that ethical thinking about business positively influences consumers’ regard for sustainable businesses as mediated by perceived quality of life contributions from businesses. Additionally, these effects are only found for those with a high value for nature. These results shed light on sources of commons dilemmas as consumers’ perceptions of business ethicality is what is driving commons‐‐‐related consumption responses. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Wyoming PI/PDs: Richie L. Liu University of Wyoming: Elizabeth Minton, Mark Peterson
The Influence of Brand and Organizational Identification on Sales Employees’ Responses to Rebranding: Implications for Sales Employees’ Motivation and Performance The present research examines sales employees’ responses to rebranding using a survey methodology with technical sales personnel from a Fortune 100 company in the telecommunications industry. We extend recent work on sales employees and brands into rebranding research to develop and test a model that theoretically links perceived rebranding intensity (i.e., degree) to sales employees’ challenge oriented motivation and performance (i.e., sales generated and outcome performance). We posit that the perceived rebranding intensity effect depends on different types of a sales employee’s identification. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Wyoming, Washington State University, University of California‐ Irvine PI/PDs: Richie L. Liu University of Wyoming: David Sprott Washington State University: Jeff Joireman, Babu John‐‐‐Mariadoss University of California‐‐‐Irvine: Eric Spangenberg
I Don’t Know You Anymore: The Dark Side of Brand Logo Change and Mitigating Its Negative Effects Firms invest heavily in their brands to build and maintain consumers’ brand knowledge (e.g. awareness and image). Unfortunately, our insight into consumers’ responses to a brand logo change does not compare to what we know of other brand strategies (e.g., brand extensions and brand alliances). This research addresses this void by drawing on the customer‐‐‐based brand equity model. Initial studies demonstrate consumers’ unfavorable responses to a brand logo change. However, exposing consumers to a reminder of the past mitigates consumers’ unfavorable responses to a brand logo change. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Wyoming, Washington State University, University of California‐‐ Irvine PI/PDs: Richie L. Liu University of Wyoming: David Sprott Washington State University: Jeff Joireman University of California‐Irvine: Eric Spangenberg
Dark Side of Seeking R&D Resource Diversity: Implications for Post‐‐‐Alliance Innovation Outcomes Drawing upon the theories of tensions‐‐‐based view and organizational boundaries, we examine the effects of three different levels of research and development (R&D) resource diversities on post‐‐‐alliance innovation outcomes, including 1) a firm’s internal R&D resource diversity (within‐‐‐ diversity); 2) the diversity between alliance partners (between‐‐‐diversity); and 3) the diversity from the allied partners in different industry segments (business relatedness). Due to an ongoing inconclusive outcome of seeking resource diversity, we tested a sample of 229 firms participating in strategic alliances and found that seeking R&D resource diversity in a strategic alliance often leads to a dark side relationship. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Penn State University‐‐‐Lake Erie, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce PI/PDs: Richie L. Liu Penn State University‐‐ Lake Erie: Sean Yim University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce: Sakdipon Juasrikul
Conceptualizing Service Captivity This research conceptualizes an empirically‐grounded framework of service captivity, contextualizes captivity within two settings, and highlights its pervasiveness through a typology of captivity archetypes. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Texas State University, San Marcos PI/PDs: Marlys J. Mason Texas State University, San Marcos: Steven Rayburn
Identifying Rituals of Social Networking Sites This research identifies and analyzes the types of rituals users engaged in, how these rituals evolved for early adopters of Facebook over time, and their impact on users’ customer journeys. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, Penn State, Harrisburg PI/PDs: Marlys J. Mason Penn State Harrisburg: Darrell Bartholomew
Poverty and Unemployment in Oklahoma: How Do They Affect Health? The research examines the relationships between poverty, income, unemployment, and health outcomes. General linear modeling examined unemployment and poverty in relation to age‐ adjusted death rate (AADR). A second model explored the relation between income and self‐ reported health status. Results indicate the number of Oklahoman’s experiencing poverty continues to rise, which is concerning because AADR was found to be significantly, independently associated with poverty and unemployment status. Self‐reported health status was associated with income such that respondents in the lowest income bracket were approximately eight times more likely to report having fair or poor health compared to the highest income group. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, State Department of Health PI/PD: Miriam McGaugh
Social Network Analysis of Pre‐Diabetic and Diabetic Patients The project will examine patterns among providers and their patients using visual, statistical, and predictive modeling techniques. Phase 1‐ conduct descriptive and visual analytics on patients to classify into primary, secondary and tertiary diagnosis status using an existing medical classification system as a target. Phase 2‐ conducting predictive analytics on patients to determine which social, behavioral and incoming health variables correctly predict primary, secondary, and tertiary classification using the pre‐defined medical target. Phase 3‐ examine the data using social network analysis on the providers of pre‐diabetic and diabetic patients within the region in which Oklahoma resides. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Miriam McGaugh, Saurabh Kokad, Ritesh Vangapalli, Shashank Gudipati
The Life Expectancy of Phone Numbers used in Escort Ads This study examines if phone numbers used in online escort are an important clue for finding ties to human traffickers. We examined the length of time that phone numbers appeared in ads, whether one phone number was used in different locations at the same time or in different locations at different times, and whether ad categories are associated with the amount of time a phone number remains active. Initial results show that about 65% of phone numbers were still active after 3 months, about 30% were still active after 8 months, and 20‐25% were active after 10 months. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Louisiana State University, State of Alabama PI/PDs: Miriam McGaugh Louisiana State University: James Van Scotter University of Alabama: Denise McManus
Understanding Stress during Parent‐Adolescent Interactions about Sexual Risk Avoidance The purpose of this study is to examine and understand the amount of stress that occurs during discussions on the topic of sexual risk avoidance by quantifying the amount of stress encountered for parents and adolescent children during structured and unstructured conversations. Participants in the evaluation will undergo the industry standard test for testing cortisol levels, which is conducted with mouth swabs before and after the conversation. A smaller sub‐sample will have biometric measures collected for a 24‐hour period to measure indicators of stress. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, State Department of Health PI/PD: Miriam McGaugh
The Negative Impact of Seasonal/Limited Edition Packaging on Product Recognition and Shopping Experience Brands often vary their traditional packaging for different times of year (i.e., Coca‐Cola’s winter cans), when introducing limited edition products, and when co‐branding and crossing promoting products. We find that limited edition/seasonal packaging has a negative impact on consumers’ ability to find the target product. This in turn has a negative impact on their experience, reporting more annoyance with the simulated shopping process. Finally, we show that this is due to the fact that seasonal packaging often eschews familiar brand elements (e.g., color) which are heavily relied on in the search process. Implications for package design and promotion are discussed Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Steven Shepherd
Cultural Diversity in Advertising and Representing Different Visions of America Cultural diversity in advertising has the potential to reflect American society and embody a view of America that is either consistent or inconsistent with a consumer’s beliefs and values. Our research explores how consumers with differing visions of America and its values evaluate cultural diversity in advertising. Consumers who support America’s dominant ideology more negatively evaluate ads with cultural diversity, particularly for brands that are American as opposed to foreign. We find this is due to the presence of ethnic minorities in ads increases perceptions of threat to American values and culture. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Steven Shepherd
Identifying and Explaining the Gender‐Gap in Consumer Responses to Product Failures: Gender Stereotypes Create Victims out of Women Every year, thousands of consumer complaints are made to regulatory agencies, including the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Federal Trade Commission, among others. The current research asks if the victim matters is how such incidents are interpreted and reported; specifically, the victim’s membership in a group that is seen as vulnerable (e.g., women, children, elderly). We propose based on various model of person perception and stereotyping that when members of these group are victims of a product failure, consumers will 1) see increased harm done, 2) blame the company more, and 3) show increased tendency to complain about the product failure. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Steven Shepherd
Military Veterans are Morally Typecast as Heroic but Unfeeling What kind of “mind” do people assume those in the military have? Leveraging previous theorizing on mind perception, dehumanization, and career typology, the current research shows that veterans are seen as having a higher capacity for agency but less capacity for experience. As a result, veterans are seen as relatively ill suited for careers that require a high capacity for experience. Results are found across laypeople and those employed in management and human resources. Implications for veteran well‐being are discussed. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Steven Shepherd
Brand Dependence, Domain Complexity, and Motivated Brand Trust We find that highly victim sensitive individuals want to trust others, but are also very concerned with being taken advantage of. Counterintuitively, we find that these people report increased trust in a brand or service provide when the particular domain at hand is seen as complex (vs. simple), which in turn increases perceived dependence on a particular brand or service. In other words, the concern of being taken advantage of appears to lead one to bolster trust in a brand that one is dependent on. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Steven Shepherd
The Challenges of Military Veterans in the Workplace: Applications, Integrations, and Opportunities Understanding disadvantage and how processes of stereotyping, stigma, and social circumstance affect individuals and society has long been an active area of research within psychology. However, how these processes affect military veterans and their transition to civilian life have largely been ignored. We discuss contemporary social psychology theories and relevant recent research that are relevant to challenges veterans encounter when they transition from military. We hope that this synthesis inspires other researchers to conduct research in the context of veterans, and for clinicians to draw on these theories to inform programs and interventions. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Duke University PI/PDs: Steven Shepherd Duke University: Aaron Kay
The Effect of Brand Personality and Acceptance of LGBT Representation in Ads Amoung Liberals and Conservatives In this research we explore how liberals and conservatives respond to LGBT representation in advertising. Critically, we also test the moderating role of brand personality. While conservatives generally respond more negatively to LGBT representation in ads, this is particularly the case for sincere brand (e.g., brands that are seen as down‐to‐earth, wholesome, family‐oriented), whereas this negative reaction is attenuated for exciting brands. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Duke University PI/PDs: Steven Shepherd Duke University: Aaron Kay
Differing Terms for the Peer‐to‐Peer Economy and Their Associations with Race, Morality, and Legitimacy Numerous terms that lack clear definitions are often interchangeably used to refer to the peer‐ to‐peer economy and activities within it. Moreover, the popular press has noted racial disparities in how different peer‐to‐peer activities are perceived and treated. We find that different terms for the peer‐to‐peer economy are not equivalent when it comes to perceptions of 1) who participates in these activities, and 2) their morality. Specifically, despite their overlap in application and usage, the sharing economy is more associated with White actors and increased morality, whereas side hustles are more associated with Black actors and decreased morality. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Duke University PI/PDs: Steven Shepherd Duke University: Aaron Kay Passion Exploitation: Legitimization of Taking Advantage of Other People’s Passion for Work Although passion may indeed be beneficial in many ways, we suggest that the modern cultural emphasis may also serve to facilitate the legitimization of demeaning and unfair management practices – a phenomenon we term the legitimization of passion exploitation. We show that people deem poor worker treatment as more legitimate when workers are presumed to be “passionate” about their work. We demonstrate two mediating mechanisms by which this process of legitimization occurs: 1) assumptions that passionate workers would have volunteered for this work if given the chance, and 2) beliefs that, for passionate workers, work itself is its own reward. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Duke University PI/PDs: Steven Shepherd Duke University: Jae Yun Kim, Aaron Kay
Consumer Values and Boredom Throughout history, philosophers have argued “Boredom is the root of all evil”. Current academic research confirms that, ongoing feelings of boredom, a modern existential condition, are associated with numerous ills in society. Additionally, researchers have argued that one of the main causes of individuals being in a perpetual state of boredom is that they have lost a sense of purpose in life Our goal is to test whether giving priority to self‐enhancement values relative to self‐transcendence values is more likely to results is lower levels of subjective well‐ being and the accompanying higher levels of boredom. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, California State University at Chico PI/PDs: Ajay Sukhdial California State University at Chico: Kirk Damon Aiken
Understanding Brand Comfort: An investigation of comfort foods and comfort brands The basic human desire for comfort has been studied in the fields of psychology, sociology, medicine, nutritional science, and economics. Extant research has also shown that brands can induce comfort amongst consumers (while travelling) by evoking predictability and safety, as well as sensory experiences of home. Thus, the purpose of this work is to explore the intricacies of brand comfort and provide a foundational understanding of the term. This work investigates the well‐documented concept of comfort food and then extends that notion to encompass the new topics of brand comfort. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, California State University at Chico PI/PDs: Ajay Sukhdial California State University at Chico: Kirk Damon Aiken
Building Brand Identification through Cause‐Brand Alliances: The Role of Perceived Cause Controversy Examines the extent to which a cause‐brand alliance leads to improved brand identification. In addition, to test whether the attitude toward cause brand alliance is determined, in part, by whether the non‐profit organization’s main issue is the subject of controversy. On average, customers’ perception of controversy concerning the nonprofit ally in a CBA influences the average evaluation of the CBA and subsequently the level of identification with the brand ally. Specifically, when there is controversy concerning the non‐profit’s issue, customers will have a more favorable attitude toward the CBA and identification with the brand ally only if both partners are credible. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Kevin E Voss, Yasamin Vahdati Conjunctionitis: A Call for Clarity in Construct Definitions. The authors determine the extent to which the use of coordinating conjunctions enhances or impairs definitional clarity. A sample of 736 construct definitions from Journal of Marketing, the Journal of Marketing Research, and the Journal of Consumer Research over a 30‐year period were subjected to judging for ambiguity and vagueness by both academic and lay judges. The authors demonstrate that constructing definitions using both ‘and’ and ‘or’ increases the ambiguity and vagueness of the construct’s meaning. The most frequently used conjunction is ‘and’ which appeared in 42% of the definitions. A significant percentage (26%) contain the conjunction ‘or’. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Kevin E Voss, Alex R. Zablah, Yu‐Shan “Sandy” Huang
Integrating Reciprocity into a Social Exchange Model of Inter‐Firm B2B Relationships Integrates reciprocity and its antecedents into a social exchange model of inter‐firm relationships. The social exchange model includes credibility trust, benevolence trust, information exchange, affective commitment, calculative commitment, and long‐term orientation. Primary data collection from a sample of firms in the Republic of Korea using a questionnaire. The authors used three‐stage least squares to fit the model given the mediational and moderating effects. Adding reciprocity and its antecedents to the social exchange model produce results that differ from previously published findings. Specifically, reciprocity affects information exchanged indirectly through both credibility and benevolence trust. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Kevin E Voss, Mayoor “Max” Mohan, Emily C. Tanner, Yong‐Ki Lee, Hong‐Kuen Kim
Support for regulations There are many regulations that restrict marketing practices. The regulations impose significant costs on business. Public opinion has a strong impact on the likelihood a specific regulation will be imposed. A series of conceptual papers and studies investigate the reasons why individuals will or will not support a regulation. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Josh Wiener
Look at Me! Or Don’t…: The Role of Social Presence on Innovation Adoption While adoption of innovative products offers an opportunity for consumers to signal their uniqueness, these innovations may also be associated with social risk. The current research highlights how these related and often conflicting factors can, depending on the social context, impact consumers’ willingness to buy innovative products or fund innovative ideas. Across three studies, we find that mere social presence enhances consumers’ willingness to fund innovative ideas (study 1) and buy innovative products (studies 2 and 3). However, when the audience reflects familiar others, the perceived social risk associated with such adoption outweighs the positive signaling effect of uniqueness. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, University of Connecticut PI/PDs: Lidan Xu University of Illinois Urbana Champaign: Ravi Mehta, University of Connecticut: Kelly Herd
Chanel Necklaces and Lego Toys: Exploring the Effect of Conspicuous Consumption on Consumer Creativity The current research examines how engaging in conspicuous consumption influences creative cognition and behavior. In a set of seven experiments, we demonstrate that engaging in conspicuous consumption (through both real and imagined experiences) increases both consumers’ creative performance and willingness to use creative and innovative products. In addition, an investigation of the underlying process reveals that conspicuous consumption activates a differentiation mindset that in turn enhances consumer creativity. Finally, we find that the observed effect is specific to the engagement in conspicuous consumption and not an outcome of exposure to or usage of luxury products. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Illinois, University of Alberta PI/PDs: Lidan Xu University of Illinois Urbana Champaign: Ravi Mehta University of Alberta: Jennifer J. Argo
The Sweet Taste of Creativity: Can Taste Perceptions Affect Consumer Creativity Prior research has shown that a variety of sensory cues such a color and sound can impact creativity. The current research extends this line of work by investigating the effect of sweet taste perceptions on creative cognition and behavior. It is proposed that sweet taste perception prompts childhood associations and activates a playful mindset, which in turn, leads to higher creativity. Two pilot studies demonstrate that sweet taste perception has latent associations with childhood. Further, five main experiments show that sweet taste perception increases the originality dimension of creativity without compromising appropriateness. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Urbana Champaign, University British Columbia PI/PDs: Lidan Xu Urbana Champaign: Ravi Mehta University British Columbia: JoAndrea (Joey) Hoegg
Creating to be a Loner or a Conformer: Role of Creative Thinking on Consumption of Majority‐ endorsed Products Consumers are frequently asked to engage in creative thought in the marketplace, and those who come up with original ideas compared to those who do not engage in creative thought. This paper examines the influence of engaging in creative thought on preference for products endorsed by a minority (i.e., less popular) and products endorsed by a majority (i.e., more popular). We find that engaging in creative thought increases preference for minority‐endorsed products, but only when this preference will be known by others. Alternatively, engaging in creative thought increases preference for majority‐endorsed products when this preference will be known by others. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Miami University PI/PDs: Lidan Xu Miami University: Juliano Laran
Exploring the Role of Creative Engagement on Donation Behavior Traditionally, creativity research has focused on examining the antecedents of creativity, with less attention paid to its downstream implications. Importantly, scarce work that does study implications of creativity has examined effects of priming creativity and has demonstrated negative consequences for social behavior. Extending this nascent line of work, current research argues that under the right context, engaging in a creative task may lead to positive social consequences. Results from a set of five experiments demonstrate that creative engagement activates an expansive mindset, which in the context of donation behavior, manifests as moral expansiveness and leads to higher monetary donation. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Urbana Champaign PI/PDs: Lidan Xu Urbana Champaign: Ravi Mehta
Cuteness and Creativity The current research examines the effect of an important product characteristic, cuteness, on creative cognition and behavior. The authors propose and demonstrate that exposure to cute versus non‐cute non‐living products enhances creative performance. An investigation of the underlying process finds that exposure to cute products activates a playful mindset that in turn leads to higher originality. Additional evidence for the effect and the underlying process is observed through the moderating role of playfulness on the cuteness – creativity relationship. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Urbana Champaign PI/PDs: Lidan Xu Urbana Champaign: Ravi Mehta
Malevolent Creativity Creativity is generally considered benevolent in nature. It helps individuals cope and solve everyday problems, generate new and original findings, and promote societal advancement. However, recent research has started to examine dark side of creativity, and argues that people can engage in creative tasks with malevolent intentions and use it to inflict harm to others. This essay examines the effect of engaging in creative tasks with malevolent versus benevolent intentions on creativity of the outcome. It is found that malevolent as compared to benevolent intention induces the perception of grandiose sense of self. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Urbana Champaign, University British Columbia PI/PDs: Lidan Xu Urbana Champaign: Ravi Mehta University British Columbia: Darren W. Dahl
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
The application grouping problem in Software‐as‐a‐Service (SaaS) networks Software as a Service (SaaS) provided by cloud computing has recently gained widespread adoption. Because of increased competition in the SaaS market, it is essential for a SaaS provider to properly design its computing system. Significant gains can be achieved by efficiently clustering software applications. This paper focuses on the application grouping problem encountered in computer clustering in SaaS networks. We present integer programming formulations and propose an efficient solution procedure based on the column generation technique applied to the problem. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Ali Amiri
The set covering problem with feature selection: A column generation‐based solution approach We study the Set Covering Problem with Feature Selection (SCF). The problem has wide applications especially in the areas of the design of feature limited demonstration software, facility location and customer segmentation. In the SCF, there is a set of features that the users are interested in. Each opened facility has to be assigned a given number of features. A user is covered by a facility only if the facility includes a minimum number of features that the user is interested in. The goal is to determine the minimum number of facilities to setup that cover all users. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Ali Amiri
A Lagrangean based solution algorithm for the knapsack problem with setups We consider the knapsack problem with setups which is a generalization of the classical knapsack problem where the items belong to families and an item can be placed in the knapsack only if its family is selected. The problem has received increasing attention by researchers because of its theoretical significance and practical applications related to resource allocation. This paper presents an algorithm based on a Lagrangean relaxation of the problem that produces solutions whose quality can be assessed automatically with the algorithm itself without ever knowing the optimal solutions. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Ali Amiri
Developing a Data‐Driven Facility Location Model Considering System Reliability We propose a data‐driven decision‐making model to tackle the facility location problem under demand and facility disruptions uncertainty. Instead of assuming that the demand follows any particular distribution, we allow the probability distribution of demand to be ambiguous and construct confidence sets of the unknown probability distribution by learning from the historical data. We assume that no more than a certain number of facility disruptions can occur simultaneously and construct an uncertainty set to describe all facility disruption scenarios under this assumption. Our model ensures supply‐demand balance even under the joint worst‐ case scenario of demand distribution and facility disruptions. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Washington PI/PDs: Ali Bagheri University of Washington: Chaoyue Zhao
Quantum Information Systems: Harnessing Individual and Group Energies In this working paper, we propose that an organization is a living organism that generates energy to achieve certain outcomes. We propose that the relationship between the inputs (individual and group use of information systems) and the outputs (strategic alignment and competitive advantage) of a system (an organization) depends on the basic principles of quantum mechanics. Specifically, we connect the neuroscience research that addresses qualia (individual) and quale (group) to the Management Information Systems (MIS) research. In this paper, we proffer our research objective, discuss our constructs, and present our interview process and survey items that we plan to conduct and administer. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Virginia Military Institute PI/PDs: Corey Baham Virginia Military Institute: Jennifer Gerow Indiana University of Pennsylvania: James Rodgers
Applying a Layered Framework to Disaster Recovery Building highly available information technology (IT) infrastructures has become critical to many corporations’ survival. However, the disaster recovery (DR) industry lacks a common enterprise framework to capitalize on the value that DR provides corporations. To address this problem, we propose a new conceptualization for the DR of enterprise architecture. Further, we present a case study, its findings, and their implications for DR. We demonstrate how our layered framework of enterprise architecture provides a unified understanding of the DR practice, which one can then use to support decision making and corporate alignment of the DR practice and its associated technology. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Louisiana State University PI/PDs: Corey Baham Practitioners: Andres Calderon Louisiana State University: Rudy Hirschheim
An Agile Methodology for the Disaster Recovery of Information Systems under Catastrophic Scenarios This paper explores the use of agile methodologies for improving the recovery of complex systems under catastrophic scenarios. The proposed adaptation of Kanban presents a novel, agile approach to solving the challenges of the traditional disaster recovery methodologies when confronted with catastrophic scenarios and the inevitable cascading consequences in a complex organizational environment. An action research approach is employed to test the implementation of the proposed methodology during a complex scenario at a large enterprise. The findings suggest that an adaptive and flexible methodology is required for a systematic approach to the recovery of complex environments under catastrophic scenarios. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Louisiana State University, State University of New York at Albany PI/PDs: Corey Baham Louisiana State University: Rudy Hirschheim Practitioners: Andres Calderon State University of New York at Albany: Victoria Kisekka
Applying Cyber Range Concepts of Operation to Disaster Recovery Testing: A Case Study A critical component of disaster recovery planning is testing, which involves verification of the effectiveness of the disaster recovery solutions. There are several limitations that plague disaster testing efforts such as the inability to create realistic disaster scenarios and test them in a production environment. Cyber Range Concept of Operations (CONOPS) present an opportunity for overcoming these challenges. We use a case study approach to observe the development of a disaster recovery program in a large enterprise. We seek to gain an insight into the design and implementation of a disaster recovery program, using the concept of Cyber Ranges. Sponsors: Louisiana State University, State University of New York at Buffalo PI/PDs: Corey Baham State University of New York at Buffalo: Victoria Kisekka
Bridging the Acceptance‐Routinization Gap in Agile Software Development Assimilation: An Exploratory Cross Case Analysis Agile software development methods represent a departure from the strong document‐driven procedures of plan‐driven approaches. As organizations continue to adopt agile methods, understanding how to sustain agile methods is a growing concern. In recent years, researchers have focused their attention on the issues of sustained agile use in order to extend our knowledge on agile assimilation. However, little research has been conducted to expose the assimilation gaps that occur as organizations seek to increase the extent and intensity of their agile use. Following prior literature, we investigate the role of organizational factors in the continuance of agile methods. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Louisiana State University PI/PDs: Corey Baham Louisiana State University: Rudy Hirschheim
The Impact of Organizational Culture and Structure on the Routinization of Agile Software Development Methodologies Agile software development methodologies represent a departure from the heavy document‐ driven procedures of waterfall approaches. As organizations continue to adopt agile methodologies, understanding the factors that influence the routinization of agile is a growing concern. Little research has been conducted to expose the assimilation gaps that occur as organizations seek to increase the extent and intensity of their agile use. Our objective is to articulate a model that explains the impact of organizational culture and structure on the routinization of agile methods. Our theoretical model provides helpful insights that extend our knowledge of agile assimilation in organizations. Sponsor: Louisiana State University PI/PD: Corey Baham
Teaching Tip: Implementing Scrum Wholesale in the Classroom This paper describes how Scrum has been incorporated into the classroom wholesale and highlights important considerations for using Scrum for student software development projects. Students having little to no knowledge of Scrum were able to gain confidence in using the method in a real‐world setting. The paper discusses the use of a hands‐on Scrum project as a pedagogical tool for teaching the Scrum methodology and software development life cycle principles. Qualitative and qualitative data were collected to understand student experiences with a wholesale Scrum implementation in the classroom. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Corey Baham
Incorporating the Product Owner Role in Student Projects As the popularity of Scrum has grown, its roles and ceremonies have been utilized in student software projects. One of the more difficult roles to implement in the academic context is the role of Business Product Owner (BPO). This paper discusses lessons learned when attempting to incorporate the BPO in student software development projects while using Scrum. Over a two‐ year span, quantitative and qualitative data were collected to understand student experiences in selecting, working with, and responding to BPOs. The paper concludes with data analysis and recommendations for incorporating BPOs in future projects. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Corey Baham
Measuring the Relative Performance of Accountable Care Organizations: The Role of Electronic Health Records Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) were established to address the issues related to the soaring costs of healthcare delivery. We propose an evaluation framework to measure ACO efficiency, based on their ability to use health care resources to maximize patient health outcomes. Drawing on a nationwide sample of ACOs, we find that larger ACOs are more likely to exhibit lower efficiency relative to smaller ACOs. We also find that usage of electronic health records mitigates the negative impact of size on ACO performance. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Texas PI/PDs: Chenzhang Bao University of Texas: Indranil Bardhan
Antecedents and Impact of Health Information Sharing on Hospital Performance: EMR Sourcing Strategies and HIE Participation Despite significant investments in health information technologies (IT), there is still a dearth of information sharing among healthcare providers and hospitals, which constrain adopters from reaping the full benefits of health IT. In this study, we examine the impact of electronic medical records (EMR) sourcing strategies of healthcare providers, as well as their participation in health information exchanges (HIE), on the extent of health information sharing. We attempt to identify the underlying mechanisms through which the benefits of health IT on hospital outcomes are realized. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Texas PI/PDs: Chenzhang Bao University of Texas: Indranil Bardhan
Vulnerability and Risk Mitigation in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have received considerable attention in both popular culture and in science and academia. While popular culture depicts AI as computers with near human like cognitive abilities, nothing could be further from the truth. Some attempts at AI in the real world have gone terribly wrong. The potential for misplaced trust and catastrophic error in the technology is monumental. This paper exams the state of the AI/ML capabilities and vulnerabilities and proposes strategies for industry and academia to mitigate the risks associated with deploying the technology. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Churadata Inc. PI/PDs: David Biros, Madhav Sharma Churadata Inc: Jacob Biros
Building Trust in Wearables for Health Behavior Advances in Internet of Things (IoT) have given users the ability to monitor heart rate, calories burned, steps walked, time spent exercising, and the electrical activity of the heartbeat. A prominent barrier to adoption of healthcare features in these devices is lack of user trust. This research conceptualizes the formation of user’s initial trust in wearables. Understanding the formation of initial trust on wearable systems’ healthcare features can lead to improvement in user’s health‐related behaviors, which in turn has the potential to cause a societal change in primary healthcare delivery. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: David Biros, Madhav Sharma
When Programs Collide: A Panel Report on the Competing Interests of Analytics and Security The increasing demand for business analytics and cybersecurity professionals provides an exciting job outlook for graduates of information systems programs. However, the rapid proliferation of devices and systems that spurred this trend has created a challenging ethical dilemma for those responsible for educating future. Many firms are collecting and storing as much data as possible without regard for security. This behavior results in an ever‐increasing challenge for those charged with protecting organizational assets and exerts pressure on executives seeking an analytical edge to remain profitable in a hyper‐competitive marketplace. This paper reports on that discussion and its insights. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Bradley University PI/PDs: David Biros Bradley University: Jacob Young
An Empirical Evaluation of Interpersonal Deception Theory in a Real‐World, High‐Stakes Environment The study of deception and the theories which have been developed have relied heavily on laboratory experiments in controlled environments, using college students participating in mock scenarios. The goal of this study is to validate previous deception detection research in a real‐world, high stakes environment of a convicted criminal attempting to deceive in order to garner a lighter sentence. The study utilized previously confirmed linguistic and paralinguistic speech cues and the constructs of deception in an attempt to validate a leading deception theory, Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT). The results validate IDT with mixed findings on individual measures and their constructs. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of Central Arkansas PI/PDs: David Biros University of Central Arkansas: Joseph Thomas
Teaching Programming to the Post‐Millennial Generation: Pedagogic Considerations for an IS Course Teaching introductory programming to IS students is challenging. The educational, technological, demographic, and cultural landscape has changed dramatically in recent years. The post‐millennial generation has different needs and expectations in an era of open resources. Learning to program is perceived as difficult, teaching approaches are diverse, and there is little research on what works best. In this paper, we share our experiences in developing, testing, and implementing a new design for teaching introductory IS programming at the undergraduate level. We describe pedagogic considerations and present teaching tips for a blended course that combines best practices with experimentation. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: David Biros, Madhav Sharma, Surya Ayyalasomayajula, Nikunj Dalal Classification of Malicious Insiders and the Association of the Forms of Attacks Malicious insiders continue to pose a great threat to organizations. With their knowledge about organizational security countermeasures as well as valuable organizational resources, malicious insiders can launch an attack towards the organization easier than an outsider could and with more devastating consequences. Many studies have attempted to identify the characteristics of malicious insiders in order to deter and prevent attacks. We argue that the current studies confuse the fact that malicious attacks belong to two different categories: those that launch instrumental attacks and expressive attacks. This current study paves the way for future research about the heterogeneity of malicious insiders. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Louisiana State University PI/PDs: David Biros, Fletcher Glancy Louisiana State University: Nan Peter Liang
Does Cybersecurity Slow Down Digitization? A Quasi‐Experiment of Security Breach Notification Laws While digitization necessitates cybersecurity reforms, firms engaging in digitization initiatives may be discouraged by the costs of such major changes. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to understand if concerns about the costs of cybersecurity stifle digital growth. This study seizes an opportunity to address this question by investigating the state‐ and industry‐ level economic impacts of the passages of security breach notification laws (SBNLs) in the United States. We study the impact of SBNLs on an important economic topic – employment by IT service provider industry. This study provides fresh evidence related to the unintended and broader impacts of cybersecurity legislation. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Temple University PI/PDs: David Biros, Tianjian Zhang Temple University: Taha Havakhor
Learned Helplessness Inclusion of Attribution Theory in the Organizational Sciences is disproportionately low compared to other disciplines. We take the position that this is due to the lack of a tool that can demonstrate strong psychometric properties. This study builds such a tool across multiple sets of data gathering and refinement. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Jim Burkman, Andy Luse
Predicting Chronic Pain Development from Preventing Opioid Use The goal of this grant is to study the relationship between opioid use and chronic pain treatment. To identify the underlying patterns, a large and feature‐rich data obtained from Cerner HealthFacts Data Warehouse along with a variety of machine learning technics are leveraged. The early findings of this NIH/OU‐CHS funded health analytics research is very descriptive and promising. The next stage will focus on the predictive models to discover new, novel, and actionable knowledge. Sponsor: NIH/OU‐HSC PI/PD: Dursun Delen Data Science Mentorship The goal of the Data Science Rotations for Advancing Discovery (RoAD Trip) is to invite selected junior investigators to “take to the road” to collaborate with senior data science mentors at one of many eligible research universities across the United States. It is a competitive and highly‐ selective process for the junior investigators as well as the mentors to receive such prestigious award. The program selects and awards only 10 mentorship engagements per year. It pays for the expenses of the awarded mentee and pays a small stipend to the mentor at the end of the mentorship period. Sponsor: National Institute for Health (NIH) (Managed by University of South California) PI/PD: Dursun Delen
Identifying Adverse Drug Events with Big Data Analytics In pharmacovigilance terminology, Adverse Drug Event (ADE) is a general term that refers to any injury caused by a medication. Although, pharmaceutical companies conduct rather extensive, time‐demanding clinical studies to identify such adversities beforehand, it is not possible to do so for unexpected and slow‐moving adverse outcomes. This research aimed to discover such ADRs using Big Data and advanced AI (machine learning techniques). The ultimate goal is to use HER, social media/network, medical literature, and biological/chemical databases to develop inelegant systems that detect ADR, thereby to save human lives. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Dursun Delen, Behrooz Davazdahemami
Improving Student Retention with Predictive Analytics Accurately predicting and rankling the students at risk of attrition is the key component of any retention management system. The goal if the research project is to use historical data to develop machine learning based prediction models to accurately identify the freshmen students that are at the greater risk of dropping out after their first year at college. The system not only predicts those students that are at risk but also prioritize them based of their likelihood of dropping out so that the limited resources for the intervention and retention programs could optimally be utilized. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Dursun Delen
Development of a Clinical Decision Support System for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of vision loss among diabetic patients. In this research study, we analyzed data from more than 1.4 million diabetics and developed a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for predicting DR. While the existing diagnostic approach requires access to ophthalmologists and expensive equipment, our CDSS only uses demographic and lab data to detect patients’ susceptibility to retinopathy with a high accuracy. Our CDSS provides several important practical implications, including identifying the DR risk factors, facilitating the early diagnosis of DR, and solving the problem of low compliance with annual retinopathy screenings. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Dursun Delen, Saeed Piri
Developing a Decision Support Systems for Predicting the Financial Success of Hollywood Movies Motion picture business is one of the riskiest endeavors for any investor, especially in today’s ever‐changing needs and wants, likes and dislikes of the potential audience. In this study, we aim at developing a Web‐based DSS (which we refer to as Movie Forecast Guru, or MFG in short) for investors, movie producers, distributors, and exhibitors to make better decisions in selection of movie projects. In addition to predicting the box‐office success of potential movie projects, this DSS is also capable of assessing the importance/contribution of movie parameters such as genre, super stars, technical effects, release time, etc. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Dursun Delen, Ramesh Sharda
Identifying Medical Informatics Research Trends with Text Mining The objective of this research project is to identify major subject areas of medical informatics and health analytics and explore the time‐variant changes (upward or downward trends) therein. Using PubMed archives, we identified 26,307 articles published in the top medical informatics journals within the last 12 years. Employing a predictive analytics / text mining approach, we clustered major research topics and analyzed the most frequently appearing subject terms extracted from the abstracts of these articles. The time‐variant results indicated that some subject areas are declining while others are growing exponentially. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Dursun Delen, Yong‐Mi Kim
A Theory of Deception Detection in Asynchronous Communication This paper develops a theory of deception detection in asynchronous communication. The overarching proposition in Asynchronous Communication Deception Detection Theory (ACDDT) asserts that there is a direct linkage between concealment, isolation, and normality in a text and deception. We derive theoretical constructs and propositions using the case study research method. The theory provides a better explanation of how the deceptive documents are different from the non‐deceptive ones. This study contributes a new and unique theory of deception in asynchronous communication that has a practical contribution in the area of fraud detection. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, Texas Tech University PI/PDs: Fletcher Glancy Texas Tech University: Surya Yadav
Moderators for the Antecedents of Information Security Enhancing Behaviors Previous studies on corporate information security pointed out that employee incompliance is a major causes of information security incidents. While extant literature suggests that organizations can adopt various incentive and training programs to encourage employees’ compliance with information security policies, most studies considered employees as an invariant group of people regardless their paygrade, job type, industry, etc. In this study, we explore personal and situational factors that can moderate employees’ conformity level in presence of compliance incentive and training programs. The findings will identify factors that can improve the effectiveness of compliance incentive and training programs for various employee groups. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: JinKyu Lee
The Role of Employee Training and Technical Measures for Information Security Employee training has been widely recognized as one of the most important means to strengthen the information security posture of an organization. However, its complementary and supplementary roles in corporate security architecture has not been clearly understood. This study examines the effectiveness of employee trainings on organizational security posture in relation to technical security countermeasures for various types of information security threats. The findings of this study will help managers develop more effective employee training programs for their threat environments while identifying the technical components of information security architecture that should not rely on employee training. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: JinKyu Lee
Strong vs. Weak Theory: An Evaluative Mechanism for Theoretical Development The goal of many theoreticians is to develop sound theory that will be utilized within their field both by researchers and practitioners. Yet, scholars have not arrived at a consensus concerning what constitutes appropriate theoretical structure. In this paper, we offer an approach to theory design and analysis based on a categorization of strong and weak theory structure. We first offer a concrete definition of the meaning of strong and weak theory that is based on a variety of literature. Second, we apply this evaluative framework to a prominent stream of theory development and discuss the nature of theory evolution. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Iowa State University PI/PDs: Andy Luse, Bryan Edwards Iowa State University: Anthony Townsend
Instruction in 802.11 Technology in Online Virtual Labs Lab‐based education has been a staple of computing education for decades. By interacting with the technology, students are able to gain a much greater understanding of the subject through hands‐on activities. Recently, virtual labs have provided a mechanism to allow both co‐located and online students access to these lab environments without the time, space, and monetary constraints of traditional labs. Computer networking and security is one area where virtual labs provide a highly useful testbed for learning security concepts. One problem is implementing virtual educational labs pertaining to 802.11 technologies given the inherently physical location‐based nature of the wireless medium. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Iowa State University PI/PDs: Andy Luse, Amanda Brown Iowa State University: Julie Rursch
Does Technology Thwart Gender Stereotypes: An Impression Formation‐based Examination of the Differential Influence of Technology across Gender and Message This research examines the relationship between gender, message bias, and technology use on the way that observers form impressions of others. Building on impression formation and gender stereotype research and theory, we develop a two‐study research methodology for examining how impressions are formed of technology users. The results of our two studies indicate that technology use is an important component in impression formation, significantly inhibiting the effects of gender stereotyping, such that women and men are not evaluated differently based upon their apparent competency in using technology nor on the content of their messaging. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Iowa State University PI/PDs: Andy Luse Iowa State University: Anthony Townsend
The Internet of Things (IoTs) Those in the emerging digital world have recently witnessed the proliferation and impact of IoT‐ enabled devices. The Internet of Things (IoTs) has provided new opportunities in the technology arena while bringing security, privacy, and trust challenges to an increased level of concern. This research investigates the usage, benefits, and challenges of IoTs in organizations. The research has both practical and theoretical impetus since IoT is still in its infancy, yet is considered by many as the most important technology initiative of today. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Jeretta Horn Nord
The Mediating Role of Psychological Ownership in Increasing Information Security Stewardship Behaviors Organization’s information security efforts are often threatened by employee non‐compliance to security policy or negligence. Though technical and procedural controls for curtailing security violations and motivating secure behaviors have been explored in the literature, security violations persist. Given the significant influence individuals wield on the welfare of organizations’ security, we explore additional approaches to understanding the factors that form the individual’s perception of information security psychological ownership and in turn, the stewardship of the organization’s security. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Obi Ogbanufe, David Biros
Examining Perceptions of Multi‐Factor Authentication for Online Account Security Authentication plays an important role in securing our systems but is threatened by increasingly sophisticated account take over. Several security services have been developed, including multifactor authentication designed for coping with online account authentication. It remains unknown how users perceive and evaluate multifactor authentication for online accounts and consequently use it to avoid online account threats. Drawing on the Technology Threat Avoidance Theory, this research investigates the factors that affect use of multifactor authentication to avoid online account threats. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PDs: Obi Ogbanufe, Corey Baham
IT Dis‐Identity and Non‐Consumption Behaviors: A Theoretical Conceptualization This research examines IT dis‐identity and non‐consumption behaviors due to personal identity conflicts. While IT identity has been conceptualized, IT dis‐identity is not well understood. This research investigates the differences between elements of positive and negative identity, their formation and maintenance. Specifically, we examine the process through which IT‐ dis‐ identification is enacted. We propose several factors that influence IT dis‐identification. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Creighton University PI/PDs: Obi Ogbanufe Creighton University: Natalie Gerhart
Explaining Smartwatch Use and Innovative Individual Performance: The Impact of Smartwatch Identity Given its personal and ubiquitous nature, the smartwatch can easily become infused into individuals’ daily lives, social roles, and relationships. This type of intertwinement of an information technology (IT) in the daily lives of individuals creates an IT identity. To understand this phenomenon in the personal IT context, this research draws from the IT identity and valence frameworks to examine how benefits and risks of smartwatch use affect deep use and performance through smartwatch identity. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Creighton University PI/PDs: Obi Ogbanufe Creighton University: Natalie Gerhart
“What’s Age Got to Do with It?” The Differential Effect of Age on Privacy Protective Responses With the prevalence of healthcare privacy breaches and threats, it becomes important to understand individuals’ privacy protective responses. Further, as the aging population continues to rapidly increase, such responses may be different for older adults. Drawing from the privacy protective response framework, we develop a research model of three protective responses and examine how age and the healthcare context affect behaviors. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of North Texas PI/PDs: Obi Ogbanufe University of North Texas: Dan Kim, Nick Evangelopoulos
Going Through the Emotions of Regret vs. Fear: Revisiting Protection Motivation We explore why and how individuals adaptively and maladaptively respond to identity theft threat. We use protection motivation theory and regret theory, shedding light on how the individual’s reflection of a future negative event which they did nothing to prevent, would influence their current behavior. The model is tested with an experiment. The results demonstrate the effects of anticipated regret in increasing motivation to adaptively respond as well as reducing maladaptive responses. Additional analysis also shows that replacing fear with anticipated regret delivers similar motivation effects. Thus, providing another avenue at eliciting adaptive behaviors in security research and practice. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, University of North Texas PI/PDs: Obi Ogbanufe University of North Texas: Robert Pavur
The Dynamic Structure of Factors Affecting the Escalating Nature of Cybersecurity and Cyberwarfare This research develops a conceptual framework of the dynamic structure of cybersecurity and cyberwarfare. Through the lens of systems thinking, constructs that can influence the cybersecurity outcome are identified; cyberattack, defensive counterstrike, anonymity, deniability, technology sophistication, traceability, attribution, interdependency, and executive commitment. We argue that these constructs not only help shape the basis for further research but also support the understanding of the escalation of the cybercrime problem. An escalation system archetype helps explain both the phenomena of increasing cybercrime and the counter defensive activities that thwart the attacks. Research questions based on the interrelationships among constructs are examined. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Obi Ogbanufe
Effort Minimization Theory in The Data Analytics Era While there is an explosion in data analytic activity, certain behavioral aspects of a data scientist’s modeling efforts are not well understood. Using effort minimization theory, this research considers how decision makers alter decision strategies to minimize effort expenditure. Previous research suggest that decision aid tools have no effect on reducing effort minimization in terms of the amount of information referenced and processed. However, in a context where data analysts employ modern tools that afford higher levels of analytic automation, we re‐examine whether the effort minimization argument still holds in the era of big data, machine learning, and analytic automation. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Creighton University, University of North Texas PI/PDs: Obi Ogbanufe Creighton University: Natalie Gerhart University of North Texas: Russell Torres, Anna Sidorova, Nick Evangelopoulos
Economic Analysis of Benefits of Community Transit What is the economic benefit of having a community transit system? This project compiles data from multiple sources to estimate the impact of investments and operations of community transit. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Transit Association PI/PDs: Ramesh Sharda Oklahoma Transit Association: Bhavana Baheti
Health Analytics We are studying several issues in health analytics using a large electronic medical records data warehouse through CHSI – prediction of hospital length of stay, estimating comorbidities across different demographics, estimating mortality rates; etc. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Auburn University PI/PDs: Ramesh Sharda Auburn University: Pankush Kalgotra
Quality of Information Exchanged on Social Media The goal is to determine the quality and objectivity of information being posted on twitter, and also understand which types of users provide what type of information through their tweets. Having this guidance permits one to use the posted information more carefully and reliable. We run such analyses in the context of providing support to chronically mental disease patients. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Wright State University PI/PDs: Ramesh Sharda Wright State University: Daniel Asamoah
Analysis of Social Media Interactions We model the stochastic nature of social media interactions, especially as it relates to discussion about specific brands and products. The models help understand reactions to original postings. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Wright State University PI/PDs: Ramesh Sharda Wright State University: Amir Hassan Zadeh
Understanding Impacts of Interruptions We study the effects of interruptions on knowledge tasks. Neuroimaging is employed to deepen our understanding of what happens during and after an interruption. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Auburn University PI/PDs: Ramesh Sharda, Corey Baham Auburn University: Pankush Kalgotra
Mitigating Dark Side of Analytics/AI Stories abound on how AI/Analytics models are leading companies to make questionable decisions. This research is aimed at identifying information systems research opportunities to help mitigate such missteps. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, Auburn University PI/PDs: Ramesh Sharda Auburn University: Ashish Gupta
The Effect of Supply Chain Relationships on Resilience: Empirical Evidence from India The purpose of this study is to empirically explore the effects of trust, communication, commitment and cooperation on Supply Chain (SC) resilience and performance. An online, cross‐sectional survey was used for collecting perceptual responses from supply chain professionals. SmartPLS was used to analyze 155 completed responses. Findings suggest communication and cooperation as dominant enablers of SC resilience in the integrated model with positive effect on performance. The study is the first to consider the inter‐relationships among the relational attributes, and how they collectively influence SC resilience. Sponsors: Oklahoma State University, ICFAI Business School (IBS), Hyderabad PI/PDs: Rathindra Sarathy ICFAI Business School (IBS), Hyderabad: Santanu Mandal
Impacts of Smart Technology on Short‐Term Rentals Operations In this working paper, we analyze the financial and operational impacts of deploying smart technologies in short‐term rentals. Landlords are usually not co‐located with lodging units rented through short‐term agents, such as Airbnb and VRBO. Application of smart thermostats, plugs, and energy monitors can have a significant impact on costs without a comparable increase in operational burden. Using a case study of five properties, we assess the impact of these devices and explore additional benefits derived from behavioral changes by tenants due to the presence of these devices. Sponsor: Oklahoma State University PI/PD: Mark Weiser