Draft Report

क� द्र�यभू�म जल बो जल संसाधन, नद� �वकास और गंगा संर�ण मंत्रा भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Government of

Report on AQUIFER MAPS AND MANAGEMENT PLAN Vanthali, Junagarh District,

पि�चमी म鵍ा �ेत, अहमदाबाद West Central Region, Ahmedabad

भारत सरकार जल संसाधन, नदी िवकास एवम् गंगा संरक् मं�ालय क��ीय भूिम जल बोडर

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVENATION

REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, DISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE

CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD WEST CENTRAL REGION AHMEDABAD REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, , GUJARAT STATE

1. SALIENT FEATURES

1 Name of the Vanthali - 357.51 Km2 TALUKA& Area, 21°21’00” to 21°34’38” N Location(Fig-1) 70°11’26” to 70°27’23” E 2 No. of Town, villages 1, 46 3 District/State Junagadh/Gujarat 4 Population (2011 Male- 43013, Female- 39622, Total- 82,635 Census) 5 Normal Rainfall (mm) 865.00 mm- Monsoon Rainfall (IMD) (in mm) (Long Term) 50

1052.50 mm -Average Monsoon Rainfall (in mm) (2003-12) 6 Agriculture (20015-16) Kharif Crops Rabi Crops Crop Area in Hact Crop Area in Hact Groundnut 14000 Wheat 1250 Tal 50 Juvar 0 Castor 50 Castor 0 Gram 10 Bajri 20 Bajri 0 Tuver 40 Tuver 0 Mug 50 Mug 0 Udad 50 Mustered 0 Cotton 11700 Isabgol 0 Sugarcane 0 Sugarcane 0 Vegetables 300 Vegetables 150 Fodder 1050 Fodder 325 Gam Guvar 0 Jira 300 Soyabin 0 Onion 10 Coriander 5500 Garlic 10 Methi 0 Total 27310 Total 7555 7 Existing and future Sector Existing (MCM) Future water demands (MCM) (MCM) (Year 2025) Domestic and Industrial 2.95 3.95 Irrigation 55.43 25.56 8 Water level behaviour 13.51-30.25 m (Pre-monsoon) (2015)(Fig-2 & 3)

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 267

Fig-1: Location Map

1. Hydrogeology:

Main aquifer in the areais basaltic aquifer (Fig. 2) where the ground water exists upto the depth of weathering and in the fracture zones wherever encountered in the depth. Two hydrogeological Cross sections are given in Fig. 3.

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 268

Subsurface Hydrogeology

As inferred from borehole data of the Vanthali Taluka, weathered and fractured Basalt forms the principal aquifer in the Taluka. Groundwater in this aquifer occurs under unconfined conditions and in the fractures encountered in the massive basaltic formation in the depth. The movement of groundwater is controlled by the extent of weathering, fracture and joints in the trap formation. Groundwater exploration has been done down to a max. depth of 200 mbgl and the discharge encountered 8 lps by compressor during drilling.

2. AQUIFER DISPOSITION

Name of Aquifer Nature of Aquifer depth Nature of Compres Quality aquifer material aquifer and zone porosity sor encountered discharg (m) e Miliolitic Limestone Unconfined Negligible Primary and - - Limestone secondary (Poreses, fractures and solution cavities) Deccan Trap Basalt Unconfined 0 to 21 Secondary ( 1 to 2 lps Fresh (Weathered weathered & and fractured) fracture)

Deep Fracture Explore up to the Secondary Compress EC 4900 (Massive & depth of 200 m, (fractures, joints, or µS/cm amygdolidal) zone shears and flow discharge encountered at contacts ) 8 LPS 50 & 109m

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 269

Fig 2: Aquifer disposition of the area

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 270

Fig-3: Stratigraphic Section

Depth to water level:

Large part of the taluka is having depth to water level mostly between 10 to 40 m bgl (Fig.4). Decadal average water level mostly between the period of May 2006 and 2015 ranges from 8.05 to 23.71m bgl. (Fig5). The decadal average depth to water levels also depict almost similar picture to the DTWL May 2015.

Long term groundwater fluctuation of water level for pre-monsoon and post- monsoon period are depicted in Fig. 6 & 7 for the period of 1987 to 2015. Ranges of the long-term fluctuation is given in Table below.

Pre-monsoon(1987-2015) Post-monsoon(1987-2015) Rise Fall Rise Fall Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 0 4 0.2 4 4.90 7.00 Negligible

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 271

Fig 4: DTW Map (Pre monsoon) Fig 5: Decadal Average Depth to Water Level

Fig.6 Absolute fluctuation Pre-monsoon Fig. 7 Absolute fluctuation Post-monsoon

Water Table map (Fig 8) shows water table in general are ranges from ground level to 50 m above msl and groundwater flow direction is from NE to SW. A groundwater mount is shown in the South-Eastern side of the Taluka.

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 272

Fig 8: Water Table map with flow direction

3. Groundwater resource extraction, contamination. Dynamic GW Resources in MCM

Total groundwater availability of the area is estimated in year 2013 is 84.94 MCM and total groundwater withdrawal for all purposes is 58.38 MCM. The stage of groundwater development is 68.73% and the taluka is categorized “Safe” (Table 2).

Table: 2 Groundwater resources 2013

S No. Item Fresh Saline 1 Area 393.20 - 2 Total GW Recharge (MCM) 89.41 - 3 Net GW Availability (MCM) 84.94 - 4 Gross Draft (MCM) 58.38 -

5 Net Availability for Future 25.56 - Irrigation (MCM) 6 Stage of GW Development % 68.73 (safe) -

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 273

In Storage GW Resources

Fracture Fracture -

Fraction

Rock Areas/Depth Rock Areas/Depth

Typr of Rock Formation of Rock Typr km) Area (sq Unit Total km) (sq Area Fresh km) Area (sq Saline/Brackish Depth of Bedrock(Soft upto which the aquifercommonly is (m) Areas) (HR Developed (m) in Level Water monsoon Pre Average m Total Thickness saturated Thickness of the Granular Zone below Zone zone/Productive Premonsoon WL(M) (Sy) Yield Specific Average (MCM) Resources GW storage In FRESH GW storage In BRACKISH/SALINE (MCM) Resources Basalt Weathered 388.63 374.211 14.42 18.43 13.59 4.84 0.02 36.22 1.40 Basalt-Massive- Fractured zone 374.211 14.42 12.68 0.01 47.45 1.83 Milliolitic Limestone 4.01 4.01 0 21.79 14.96 6.83 0.1 2.74 0.00 Total 392.64 378.22 14.42 86.41 3.22

Chemical quality of groundwater

Groundwater quality in general is good. Salinity is expressed in terms of total dissolved solids (TDS). Most of the area in the taluka (Fig. 9 ) falls TDS < 2000 mg/litre whereas SW corner the map exhibit TDS ranges 2000 to more than 4500 mg/l. Min. &Max. ranges of some of the constituents is given in the following Table.

Taluka Total dissolved solids Cl F HCO3 Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Vanthali 470 4510 128 2240 0.07 1.7 179 915

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 274

Fig.9 Iso-TDS May 2015 Fig. 10 Iso-Chloride May 2015

Ground Water Issues

• Salinity Ingress • Inherent Salinity of Gaj Formation • Sustainability of hard rock Aquifers • Non Availability of sufficient Surface Water for Irrigation. • Lack of awareness and involvement of stake holders in decision making.

4. Groundwater resource enhancement. Table-3Computation of volume (MCM) of water required for recharge

Aquifer Volume of Specific yield Volume of water Volume of rain unsaturated zone factor required for water planned avilable for recharge MCM for Artificial artificial recharge recharge (MCM)

Basalt 440.70 0.02 8.81 0.97 Milliolitic 12.11 0.1 1.21 0.11 Limestone Total 452.81 1.09

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 275

Table: 4 Computation of Recharge structures.

Aquifer Area feasible Volume Volume of Volume No of No of for artificial of rain water of water Farm Check recharge Sq. water planned for planned Pond Dam Km planned conservation for (Unit (Unit for through recharge storage 0.05 Artificial Farm Pond through 0.05MCM) MCM) recharge Check (MCM) Dam Basalt 131.61 3.74 2.77 0.97 55 19 Milliolitic Limestone 4.04 0.11 0.00 0.11 0 2 Total 135.64 3.85 2.77 1.09 55 21

Financial Outlay of the Plan

The total estimated cost of the Plan is 767 lakh, which includes Rs 168 lakh for ground water recharge activities, Rs 550 lakh (Farm ponds), 12.60 lakh for ground water monitoring (Piezometer construction) and Rs 36.53 lakh towards operation and maintenance charges. The tentative cost estimates of the various activities of the Plan are shown in Table 5.

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 276

Table: 5 Cost estimates of Recharge structures and monitoring well (Piezometers):

Feasible Tentative Quantity Rainwater Tentative Total Expected Artificial Design (in nos. harvested unit cost tentative Annual GW Recharge & or area (mcm ) (in Rs cost (in recharge/ Water in sq. m) lakh) Rs lakh) conservation Conservation (mcm) structures/ activities

Recharge Structures/ Activities Check Dam 21 1.05 8 168 0.95 Sub total 168 0.95 Water Conservation Activities ( 30 m x 30m x 1.5 Farm Pond (3 m) 55 2.75 10 550 1.925 fillings) 900 sq.m or 0.1 ha Impact assessment & Monitoring

Up to 80 Piezometer 21 0.6 12.6 m bgl

Impact assessment will be carried out by implemneting agency

O & M - 5% of total cost of the scheme 36.53

TOTAL 767.13 Note: Type, number and cost of structure may vary according to site after ground verification

The tentative location of villages for construction of Check Dams and their cost estimates are shown in Fig. 11 and Table 6.

Table-6 : TENTATIVE LIST OF VILLAGES WHERE ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE STRUCTREUS CAN BE TAKEN UP

Sr. Village Sr. Sr. No. Name No. Village Name No. Village Name 1 Bandhda 8 Kanjhadi 15 Mahobatpur 2 Bodka 9 Khokharda 16 Raypur 3 Dhanfuliya 10 Khorasa 17 Selra 4 Dhanfuliya 11 Khorasa 18 Shapur 5 Dhanfuliya 12 Khorasa 19 Sukhpur 6 Gadoi 13 Khorasa 20 Tinmas 7 Gadoi 14 Luvarsar 21 Zampodad

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 277

Fig. 11 tentative location of Check Dams

1. Demand Side Management:

As the surface water is not available to improve the supply of water, demand side management is essential.

Table: 7 Crop wise area in Hectares covered under micro irrigation methods (source Gujarat Green Revolution Company, Vadodara, Gujarat).

CROP Area in Ha. CROP Area in Ha. CROP Area in Ha. AMLA 1.08 GOURDS 0.8 Pomogranate 12.22 BAJRA 1.8 GRAM 7.01 PULSES 6 Banana 17.02 GREEN GRAM 12.59 RIDGEGOURD 3.28 BITTER GUARD 0.8 GROUNDNUT 9990.74 Sapota 29.53 BOTTLE GUARD 17.55 GUAVA 1.45 SESAMUM 4.12 SPONGE BRINJAL 0.76 GUVAR 0.6 GOURD 2.95 CASTOR 0.76 JAMUN 2.66 SUGARCANE 0.4 CHILLI 15.36 LEMON 13.87 TOMATO 0.82 COCONUT 1.45 Mango 50.66 WHEAT 529.4 COTTON 836.82 PAPAYA 8.72 Grand Total 11592.86 CUSTARD APPLE 21.64

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 278

Water use efficiency by Drip Irrigation in Rabi crop season:

An area of 11593 hectare is covered by micro-irrigation scheme (MIS) under different crops grown in the district (Table 7 ). It is estimated the groundwater saving in the district by adopting the drip irrigation method to the main crop in Rabi season is about 1.12 MCM. It is estimated saving of groundwater through Drip irrigation separately to the Crop Cotton and Groundnut are 5.18 MCM and 1.42 MCM respectively (Table 8).

Table :8 Groundwater saving by Drip irrigation in MCM

Taluka Rabi_Crops Cotton crop Groundnut crop Total

Summer Kharif Summer Kharif Vanthali 1.12 1.35 3.83 0.45 0.97 7.72

Expected Benefits or outcome of the Plan

Ground water recharge and water conservation Plan of Vanthali Taluka, Junagadh district envisages gainful utilization of 1.09 MCM of volume of rain water planned for recharging of depleted aquifer system. Besides this, the proposed intervention would also lead to reduction of pre-existing ground water draft by 2.77 MCM annually through construction of farm ponds. By adopting the micro-irrigation area in the remaining area conserve the 7.72 MCM of groundwater draft in the district.

With the additional recharge and water conservation interventions as proposed in the Plan, it is anticipated that with enhanced recharge and reduction in ground water draft, the stage of ground water development will reduce to 56% from the existing 69%. The projected status of ground water resources and utilization scenario is presented in table 9.

Table :9 Projected Status of Groundwater Resource & Utilization on Recharge and Micro-Irrigation Interventions

Net G.W. Additio Total Net Existing Saving Saving Net GW Present Project Availabil nal G.W. G.W of of draft after stage of ed ity Rechar Availabilit Draft for Ground Groun interventi G.W. stage Taluka (MCM) ge y after all water d water ons (mcm) developmen of G.W. from interventi purpose through throug t (%) Develo RWH on (mcm) (mcm) conserv h MIS pemen (mcm) ation (mcm) t (in %) (mcm) Vanthali 84.94 1.09 86.03 58.384 2.77 7.72 47.89 69 56

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 279

Projected irrigation potential:

It is estimated 1535 Ha additional irrigation potential may be created in the taluka on 70% of groundwater development Table 10.

Table: 10 Irrigation command area on 70% of development of groundwater

%

District

after interventions (mcm) Net GW avilable for withdrawl withdrawl for GW avilable Net Development Net Net G.W. Availability (MCM) Draft Saving of Ground water through conservation (mcm) Balanced GW avilable on 70% development and Existing Additional Recharge from RWH (mcm) Total Net G.W. Availability after intervention (mcm) Max GW avilable on 70% development MCM Existing G.W Draft for all purpose (mcm) crop water Average requirement by Drip Irrigationm Additional area to be Irrigate in sq. km Area can be Irrigate in Ha Vanthali 70 84.94 1.09 86.03 60.22 58.38 1.84 2.77 4.60 0.30 15.35 1534.88

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:

1. It is recommended to increase the recharge of groundwater from external surface water sources. It is also important to properly maintain and timely operate the existing recharge and salinity control structures. 2. Recommended to construct the 21 check dam and 55 Farm ponds in the Taluka to recharge 1.09 MCM and conserve 2.77 MCM of rainfall runoff. 3. During the electrification of well/ bore wells, the micro-irrigation through drip/sprinkler irrigation should be made mendatory, so as to minimize use of groundwater. 4. 192 Hectares area may brought under micro-irrigation to adopt Drip method to save about 1.12 MCM of water during the Rabi crop season. 5. 2406 Hectare Groundnut crop area during pre-Kharif season and last phase of Kharif season may brought under Drip irrigation to save 1.42 MCM of water.

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 280

6. 6500 Hectare Cotton crop area during pre-Kharif season and last phase of Kharif season may brought under Drip irrigation to save 5.18 MCM of water. 7. 1535 Hectare land may additionally irrigated on 70% of groundwater development and observing all intervention proposed.

• The implementation of the project would result in additional recharge. The other tangible/ non-tangible benefits of the project are:

 Recharging the ground water will help in arresting the rapid decline in ground water resources and will also ensure improvement in quality of ground water by way of dilution.

 Proposed structures and measures will also enhance the ground water potential and would ensure sustainability of ground water resources.

 Surface runoff water stored or harnessed can be used as supplemental irrigational resources and will reduce the stress on the ground water.

 Besides, it will also help in reducing the amount and spate of storm water being drained by river and controlling soil erosion.

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS VANTHALI TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 281